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"content": "\u003cp>A small brown paper bag in her hand, Julie walked out of a Planned Parenthood clinic in Roseville with a new supply of birth control. It didn’t matter that she didn’t have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s awesome to have Planned Parenthood,” said Julie, who did not wish to give her last name for privacy reasons. “To go to a regular health clinic like this would have cost $100, which would make you think twice about having to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the kind of clinic that President Donald Trump and conservative Republicans in Congress hope to cut off from receiving any federal funds. Already the federal government prohibits any federal dollars from paying for abortions except in cases of rape, incest or to save the mother’s life. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1357/defund-planned-parenthood/\">this effort\u003c/a> seeks to block federal funds from paying for any other kind of health care by providers who also perform abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they succeed, the impact would be particularly strong in California -- a state where legislators over the years have interpreted federal laws and rules in ways that have allowed more federal dollars to flow to Planned Parenthood clinics. Roughly half of the federal funding that Planned Parenthood receives nationwide now goes, mostly via Medicaid reimbursements, to cover health care and family planning services for mostly low-income Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ironically, Planned Parenthood officials say if they were to lose all their federal funding, their California abortion clinics would remain open -- those already are funded by private sources and by state reimbursements for poorer patients. Instead, what would be at risk are all the nonsurgical sites that provide other medical and contraception services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s progressive state policies, put in place 30 years ago under Republican Gov. Pete Wilson, created a friendly environment for Planned Parenthood to expand and offer family planning services to low-income men and women above the federal poverty level. That’s in stark contrast to states such as Texas and Mississippi, which unsuccessfully sought to ban their state Medicaid health care programs for the poor from channeling any money to health care providers that perform abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The irony here is that they are going to put in place more barriers for women to gain contraception, and that will lead to more abortions.'\u003ccite>Kathy Kneer, CEO of California Planned Parenthood\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a result, today Planned Parenthood is one of California’s major health care providers, operating 115 clinics that serve 850,000 mostly low-income patients a year who rely on Medicaid (in California, Medi-Cal) for health care. That’s nearly a third of the 2.5 million patients who visit Planned Parenthood clinics nationwide for basic health care and family planning services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Planned Parenthood is a major safety-net provider at a time of increased health care demand,” said Sara Rosenbaum, a professor of health law and policy at George Washington University. “In a state like California with more Planned Parenthoods, the reliance would be that much greater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican-controlled Congress, bolstered by President Trump’s election, is eyeing several strategies to stop the flow of federal funding to Planned Parenthood. That money -- roughly $500 million a year nationwide, through Medicaid reimbursements, Title X family planning money and grants -- pays for services such as cancer screening, breast exams, birth control, prenatal care and treating sexually transmitted diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump has frequently acknowledged that Planned Parenthood helps millions of women, he also has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sba-list.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Trump-Letter-on-ProLife-Coalition.pdf\">said\u003c/a> he would support congressional efforts to ban funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would defund it because of the abortion factor,” he said at the February 2016 GOP presidential debate. “I would defund it, because I'm pro-life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/f/?id=0000015a-70de-d2c6-a7db-78ff707e0000\">draft\u003c/a> House GOP bill obtained by Politico would eliminate all federal funding to Planned Parenthood as part of a repeal of the Affordable Care Act. While that provision is likely to clear the House, its fate is uncertain in the Senate, where several moderate Republicans could side with pro-choice Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the effort were to prevail, California Planned Parenthood would lose $260 million a year in federal funds -- approximately 80 percent of its operating budget. Unless it found a way to replenish that money elsewhere, the organization warns that it might have to close its 82 California sites furnishing basic health care and family planning services to mostly low-income patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QP2ldyTgeAz2zVm2XpaaT9RRum7V5DTh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, its remaining 33 surgical abortion sites -- which don’t get federal funding -- would remain open, said Kathy Kneer, president and CEO of California Planned Parenthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The irony here is that they are going to put in place more barriers for women to gain contraception, and that will lead to more abortions -- and by the way, all the abortion sites will stay open,” Kneer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the House voted to reverse an Obama administration regulation that requires states and local governments to distribute family planning funds to health centers even if they perform abortions. President Barack Obama issued the rule in his final days in office after more than a dozen conservative states directed those funds only to community health care centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such an 11th-hour move by an outgoing president, Republicans argued during the floor debate, was an affront to states' rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that vulnerable women seeking true comprehensive care deserve better than abortion-centric facilities like Planned Parenthood,” said Rep. Diane Black, R-Tenn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution is now awaiting a vote in the Senate where California Democratic Sen. Dianne Feinstein is working to defeat it. It would have no effect on California, given that it is not among the states that have tried to limit those Title X dollars. Nonetheless she noted that Planned Parenthood provides the only Title X family planning services in 13 California counties, and that any effort to strip federal funding would take a toll in other states and leave “huge numbers of women across the country (with) no place to go for essential health services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump on the campaign trail vowed to defund Planned Parenthood. He then appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services Tom Price, a former Republican congressman from Georgia who has supported cutting off taxpayer money to Planned Parenthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both men have suggested the federal government could reallocate taxpayer dollars to community health centers. But many experts and health care advocates say those health centers cannot absorb the significant number of patients who now rely on Planned Parenthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any policies that eliminate or diminish Planned Parenthood’s role would put untenable stress on remaining health centers,” said Ben Avey, spokesman for CaliforniaHealth + Advocates, which represents the state’s community clinics and health centers. “They are really a vital part of the state’s health network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That concern was echoed in January when the Democrat-controlled California Legislature approved resolutions opposing any congressional efforts to defund Planned Parenthood. They did so after Planned Parenthood president Cecile Richards met with Democratic senators at their annual policy retreat in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, D-Lakewood, proclaimed: “California stands with Planned Parenthood because Planned Parenthood stands with California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his sentiment was not unanimous. Several Republicans spoke out against the resolutions, with state Sen. Mike Morrell, R-Rancho Cucamonga, saying he could not support an organization that provides abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no war against women,” he said. “But I also do not have a war against babies created in the image of God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Gwqlw5DHNrzorw17gO6quequ6inzoUsv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a Democrat-controlled state Legislature, California Planned Parenthood is hopeful it could ask lawmakers to backfill any federal shortfall. However, Medicaid funding is already strapped in the state, where a record 1 in 3 Californians are receiving Medi-Cal. Given the potential for other federal cuts in health funding that the state might also be asked to compensate for, it’s unclear whether the state would be able to make up the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Planned Parenthood is drafting contingency plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at scenario planning. These are all very difficult decisions,” Kneer said. “Closing any location is the last thing we want to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option is to more aggressively fundraise, but Kneer said private donations can’t possibly make up what they would lose. She also raised the question of whether private funds should be required to pay for a government reimbursement that other organizations receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if President Trump receives and signs legislation to strip Planned Parenthood of all its federal funding, Planned Parenthood could still challenge in court whether such a restriction is constitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last few years, federal courts across the country have denied other states’ efforts to block Planned Parenthood as an eligible provider of taxpayer-funded health, ruling that such moves violated the First Amendment right of free speech and free association to choose a medical provider, and the right of a clinic to provide abortion services under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, said Julie Cantor, an adjunct professor at UCLA who teaches a law class on reproductive medical ethics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government’s behavior has to comport with the Constitution,” Cantor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samantha Young is a contributor to CALmatters.org, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A small brown paper bag in her hand, Julie walked out of a Planned Parenthood clinic in Roseville with a new supply of birth control. It didn’t matter that she didn’t have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s awesome to have Planned Parenthood,” said Julie, who did not wish to give her last name for privacy reasons. “To go to a regular health clinic like this would have cost $100, which would make you think twice about having to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the kind of clinic that President Donald Trump and conservative Republicans in Congress hope to cut off from receiving any federal funds. Already the federal government prohibits any federal dollars from paying for abortions except in cases of rape, incest or to save the mother’s life. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1357/defund-planned-parenthood/\">this effort\u003c/a> seeks to block federal funds from paying for any other kind of health care by providers who also perform abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they succeed, the impact would be particularly strong in California -- a state where legislators over the years have interpreted federal laws and rules in ways that have allowed more federal dollars to flow to Planned Parenthood clinics. Roughly half of the federal funding that Planned Parenthood receives nationwide now goes, mostly via Medicaid reimbursements, to cover health care and family planning services for mostly low-income Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ironically, Planned Parenthood officials say if they were to lose all their federal funding, their California abortion clinics would remain open -- those already are funded by private sources and by state reimbursements for poorer patients. Instead, what would be at risk are all the nonsurgical sites that provide other medical and contraception services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s progressive state policies, put in place 30 years ago under Republican Gov. Pete Wilson, created a friendly environment for Planned Parenthood to expand and offer family planning services to low-income men and women above the federal poverty level. That’s in stark contrast to states such as Texas and Mississippi, which unsuccessfully sought to ban their state Medicaid health care programs for the poor from channeling any money to health care providers that perform abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The irony here is that they are going to put in place more barriers for women to gain contraception, and that will lead to more abortions.'\u003ccite>Kathy Kneer, CEO of California Planned Parenthood\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a result, today Planned Parenthood is one of California’s major health care providers, operating 115 clinics that serve 850,000 mostly low-income patients a year who rely on Medicaid (in California, Medi-Cal) for health care. That’s nearly a third of the 2.5 million patients who visit Planned Parenthood clinics nationwide for basic health care and family planning services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Planned Parenthood is a major safety-net provider at a time of increased health care demand,” said Sara Rosenbaum, a professor of health law and policy at George Washington University. “In a state like California with more Planned Parenthoods, the reliance would be that much greater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican-controlled Congress, bolstered by President Trump’s election, is eyeing several strategies to stop the flow of federal funding to Planned Parenthood. That money -- roughly $500 million a year nationwide, through Medicaid reimbursements, Title X family planning money and grants -- pays for services such as cancer screening, breast exams, birth control, prenatal care and treating sexually transmitted diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump has frequently acknowledged that Planned Parenthood helps millions of women, he also has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sba-list.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Trump-Letter-on-ProLife-Coalition.pdf\">said\u003c/a> he would support congressional efforts to ban funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would defund it because of the abortion factor,” he said at the February 2016 GOP presidential debate. “I would defund it, because I'm pro-life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/f/?id=0000015a-70de-d2c6-a7db-78ff707e0000\">draft\u003c/a> House GOP bill obtained by Politico would eliminate all federal funding to Planned Parenthood as part of a repeal of the Affordable Care Act. While that provision is likely to clear the House, its fate is uncertain in the Senate, where several moderate Republicans could side with pro-choice Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the effort were to prevail, California Planned Parenthood would lose $260 million a year in federal funds -- approximately 80 percent of its operating budget. Unless it found a way to replenish that money elsewhere, the organization warns that it might have to close its 82 California sites furnishing basic health care and family planning services to mostly low-income patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, its remaining 33 surgical abortion sites -- which don’t get federal funding -- would remain open, said Kathy Kneer, president and CEO of California Planned Parenthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The irony here is that they are going to put in place more barriers for women to gain contraception, and that will lead to more abortions -- and by the way, all the abortion sites will stay open,” Kneer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the House voted to reverse an Obama administration regulation that requires states and local governments to distribute family planning funds to health centers even if they perform abortions. President Barack Obama issued the rule in his final days in office after more than a dozen conservative states directed those funds only to community health care centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such an 11th-hour move by an outgoing president, Republicans argued during the floor debate, was an affront to states' rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that vulnerable women seeking true comprehensive care deserve better than abortion-centric facilities like Planned Parenthood,” said Rep. Diane Black, R-Tenn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution is now awaiting a vote in the Senate where California Democratic Sen. Dianne Feinstein is working to defeat it. It would have no effect on California, given that it is not among the states that have tried to limit those Title X dollars. Nonetheless she noted that Planned Parenthood provides the only Title X family planning services in 13 California counties, and that any effort to strip federal funding would take a toll in other states and leave “huge numbers of women across the country (with) no place to go for essential health services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump on the campaign trail vowed to defund Planned Parenthood. He then appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services Tom Price, a former Republican congressman from Georgia who has supported cutting off taxpayer money to Planned Parenthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both men have suggested the federal government could reallocate taxpayer dollars to community health centers. But many experts and health care advocates say those health centers cannot absorb the significant number of patients who now rely on Planned Parenthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any policies that eliminate or diminish Planned Parenthood’s role would put untenable stress on remaining health centers,” said Ben Avey, spokesman for CaliforniaHealth + Advocates, which represents the state’s community clinics and health centers. “They are really a vital part of the state’s health network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That concern was echoed in January when the Democrat-controlled California Legislature approved resolutions opposing any congressional efforts to defund Planned Parenthood. They did so after Planned Parenthood president Cecile Richards met with Democratic senators at their annual policy retreat in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, D-Lakewood, proclaimed: “California stands with Planned Parenthood because Planned Parenthood stands with California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his sentiment was not unanimous. Several Republicans spoke out against the resolutions, with state Sen. Mike Morrell, R-Rancho Cucamonga, saying he could not support an organization that provides abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no war against women,” he said. “But I also do not have a war against babies created in the image of God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a Democrat-controlled state Legislature, California Planned Parenthood is hopeful it could ask lawmakers to backfill any federal shortfall. However, Medicaid funding is already strapped in the state, where a record 1 in 3 Californians are receiving Medi-Cal. Given the potential for other federal cuts in health funding that the state might also be asked to compensate for, it’s unclear whether the state would be able to make up the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Planned Parenthood is drafting contingency plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at scenario planning. These are all very difficult decisions,” Kneer said. “Closing any location is the last thing we want to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option is to more aggressively fundraise, but Kneer said private donations can’t possibly make up what they would lose. She also raised the question of whether private funds should be required to pay for a government reimbursement that other organizations receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if President Trump receives and signs legislation to strip Planned Parenthood of all its federal funding, Planned Parenthood could still challenge in court whether such a restriction is constitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last few years, federal courts across the country have denied other states’ efforts to block Planned Parenthood as an eligible provider of taxpayer-funded health, ruling that such moves violated the First Amendment right of free speech and free association to choose a medical provider, and the right of a clinic to provide abortion services under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, said Julie Cantor, an adjunct professor at UCLA who teaches a law class on reproductive medical ethics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government’s behavior has to comport with the Constitution,” Cantor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samantha Young is a contributor to CALmatters.org, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "To Attract Teachers, Pricey School Districts Are Becoming Their Landlords",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rizi Manzon is a teacher, so naturally, he has a lot to worry about: a stack of homework assignments to grade, a week’s worth of culinary arts classes to prepare for, kitchen supplies to purchase on his own time and dime. And the assorted crises, dramas and anxieties of the 36 teenagers in his care at Wilcox High School in Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike most public school educators in California’s Silicon Valley, one thing Manzon doesn’t need to worry about is how he’s going to pay rent this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, as one of Santa Clara Unified School District’s 822 teachers and specialists, he is one of the lucky few who get to call “Casa del Maestro” home. A picturesque plot of 70 suburban townhouses, bracketed by cherry blossoms and palm trees, this is the district’s answer to the Bay Area’s affordable housing crisis. To lure qualified teachers, the district provides below-market housing located on district property to new employees for up to seven years -- if they can score a spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teachers like Manzon, who gave up a career as a chef in Orange County to take the job at Wilcox, the move probably wouldn’t have penciled out without the district’s generous subsidized digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would have been a hard sell for sure,\" he says. \"I would have had to come to terms with living in Gilroy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No offense to Gilroy. But along with the stresses of the job, not to mention Manzon’s personal challenges -- he's a veteran who \"did some time in the sandbox\" in Iraq and lives with his emotional support animal, Koa -- a twice-daily hourlong commute, along with the familiar angst of finding housing in the Bay Area on a teacher's salary, are extra stressors he's happy to do without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casa del Maestro, a radical experiment in teacher recruitment and retainment, is due to celebrate its 15th anniversary this year. But as school districts in the state's pricey coastal enclaves struggle to attract and keep qualified teachers, many are considering Santa Clara’s “if you build it, they will come” model to teacher retainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now they have the support of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11340137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11340137\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg\" alt='Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\" \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the governor signed the “\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1413\">Teacher Housing Act of 2016\u003c/a>” to make it easier for school districts to get into the landlording business. Authored by Mark Leno, the former Democratic state senator from San Francisco, the law gives districts explicit permission to set aside housing exclusively for its employees and, crucially, to take advantage of state and federal low-income housing tax credits to develop these projects. Under prior law, projects that make use of these low-income housing subsidies had to be open to all tenants who met the income guidelines, to prevent public funds from subsidizing housing discrimination. The new law makes an exception for teachers and district employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the state, extending those tax credits to school employees is a zero-sum game -- it designates a fixed amount for the program. What it does mean, however, is less money for other low-income people who would otherwise take advantage of such subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone, of course, agrees that teachers should be the focal point of affordable housing policy. In areas where the supply of housing is constrained, providing special access to teachers necessarily comes at the expense of others who are just as inconvenienced by high rents and long commutes, if not more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a teacher, so I love teachers. But this pick-and-choose mentality about professions that we value and professions that we don’t seems kind of crazy,” says Paavo Monkkonen, a professor of urban planning at UCLA. “We don’t want to allow all our service workers to live near us -- just the ones we deem more ‘acceptable’ and more ‘meritorious.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many lawmakers, it’s an appealing way to kill two birds with one stone: tackle affordable housing while simultaneously addressing the teacher shortage plaguing California districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of interest in doing this now, given the conflux of rapidly increasing housing prices coupled with a growing teacher shortage in so many districts” says Jeff Vincent, the deputy director and co-founder of the Center for Cities & Schools at UC Berkeley. “And those things are clearly related.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/ca-teacher-shortage-persistent-problem-brief\">survey\u003c/a> by the Learning Policy Institute and the California School Boards Association found three-quarters of public schools across the state reported being unable to fill all of their teacher positions with qualified, credentialed faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes at a cost for students -- particularly those who attend schools serving mostly low-income households, where turnover is highest. But the cost is also financial. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/NCTAFCostofTeacherTurnoverpolicybrief.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, Los Angeles Unified School District pays an additional $94 million per year in recruitment, hiring and training costs just to keep up with staff attrition. In San Francisco and Oakland, the annual price tag is over $11 million and $12 million, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academic literature is equivocal about the connection between the cost of housing and teacher turnover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that teachers who are in schools with higher compensation are more likely to stay,” says Anne Podolsky, a policy analyst at the Learning Policy Institute. “So if you think about housing incentives as just one form of compensation, we might have reason to believe that that would be associated with teachers who are going to stay in their schools longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Podolsky points to a national survey that found one in four former teachers said that they would consider returning to the profession if it offered housing incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that it’s successful because we continue to have waitlists,” says Jennifer Dericco, a spokesperson for Santa Clara’s school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it may be San Francisco’s turn. With some of the highest housing prices in the country and teacher attrition \u003ca href=\"http://citiesandschools.berkeley.edu/uploads/SFUSD_PLUS_Brief_2016_FINAL_.pdf\">rates\u003c/a> that hover around 10 percent every year, San Francisco seems a likely candidate for a robust teacher housing program. In 2015, the city’s mayor, Ed Lee, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2015/10/affordable-housings-sf-teachers-middle-class.html\">announced\u003c/a> plans to build 100 new apartments specifically for teachers on district property. The new law allows the mayor and school district to take one step closer to that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts may follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[TeacherSalaryRent]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anywhere in the Bay Area you’re going to have challenges for housing, and you hear of teachers driving long distances to get to work everyday,” says Debra Carlton, senior vice president of public affairs for the California Apartment Association, a rental housing trade group. “This bill is step number one; step number two is making sure that your local officials, your school districts, et cetera, see it as just as important as San Francisco does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also clear that low-income housing tax credits -- the affordable housing subsidies that the Teacher Housing Act now allows districts and their co-developers to draw from -- are finite. Last year, the State Treasurer’s Office received 163 qualifying applications for its competitive low-income housing tax credit, but only had the resources to fund 82 of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not even clear that most teachers would qualify for subsidized units. According to Mark Stivers, who heads the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee at the Treasurer’s Office, the rents charged at complexes constructed or renovated with low-income tax credit support range from 30 percent to 60 percent of an area’s median income. That puts the upper income \u003ca href=\"http://sfmohcd.org/sites/default/files/Documents/MOH/2016_AMI_IncomeLimits-SanFranHMFA.pdf\">threshold\u003c/a> in a city like San Francisco at $45,250 for one person. Certainly some teachers make less than this, but the district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/fd/cs/documents/j90summary1516.pdf\">average\u003c/a> salary is $67,537.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complexities, costs and delays associated with constructing housing specifically for teachers, there’s an obvious question: “Why not pay them more?” says Monkkonen. “That would be the easier thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is also assumes that schools could negotiate such a targeted pay hike with their respective teacher unions. And whereas districts cover operational costs like salaries with funds from the state, which vary little from year to year, districts can be more creative in funding capital projects. For example, Santa Clara’s district paid for the Casa del Maestro project by issuing “certificates of participation” -- financial instruments in which rent payments are divided up and paid directly to investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond these purely financial considerations, there are other reasons that school districts may prefer brick and mortar, says Lindsay Maple, a graduate student researcher at UC Berkeley’s Center for Cities & Schools and a former teacher in Oakland and East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very visible way to commit and to show that they’re dedicated to finding a solution,” she says. Simply providing a plan to build housing may in and of itself serve as a recruitment and retainment tool. Plus, it’s more likely to grab the attention and sympathy of voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she’s skeptical that housing is the most effective solution, on a dollar-for-dollar basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a school district with 6,500 teachers and you’re going to build a building with 100 units -- do the cost-benefit analysis,” she says. “Does that really impact student outcomes on such a level where (a housing project) makes sense when you’re using that much money?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, for school districts, housing can be a risky business. When the Santa Clara district built Casa del Maestro, it funded the nearly $6.5 million construction project with borrowed money, with the interest payments on those bonds paid for entirely with rental payments from the teacher tenants. The financial transactions, along with the day-to-day operations of the housing complex, are managed by independent third parties. According to the district, this is all designed to protect district dollars. But it’s also a unique -- and uniquely complex -- arrangement that other districts may have a difficult time replicating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And school districts will ultimately confront what is already obvious to developers: Building new housing in urban California is really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cupertino Union School District discovered as much when it announced plans to convert a former elementary school into teacher housing in 2015, only to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/CupertinoUnion-School-District-Abandons-Teacher-Housing-Project-Cites-Tensions-381578961.html\">drop\u003c/a> the idea in the face of fierce opposition from local residents who opposed giving up school land for residential development, and questioned whether new housing would actually retain teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Oakland Unified School District announced its own \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/realestate/oakland-school-district-creates-plan-for-affordable-housing-for-teachers/973340/\">teacher workforce housing\u003c/a> initiative two years ago, only to see the plan stall for lack of a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Los Angeles Unified School District has had more success in developing affordable housing projects than any other district in the state, of the three housing complexes on district land, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-edu-teacher-housing-20161019-snap-story.html\">none\u003c/a> can count a district teacher as a tenant. Because the projects were financed in part with state and federal affordable housing tax credits, the units have gone to lower-earning district employees, such as cafeteria workers and teacher assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the complications that confound housing developments across the state, local ordinances and regulations may pose further obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Berkeley, which is considering a workforce housing initiative. Whereas a project like Casa del Maestro is based on the notion that subsidized housing should be provided to new teachers for a limited time (seven years), after which the tenancy agreement ends, as Maple from the Center for Cities & Schools points out, this would certainly violate Berkeley’s “just cause” eviction regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The development idea is sexy at the moment,” says UC Berkeley’s Vincent. “But districts need to be really careful in understanding their risks associated with these developments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent applauds what Santa Clara has done: Rather than placing young, inexperienced teachers in “dorm-style housing” for short period of time, the Casa del Maestro seems designed to keep educators in the district for the long term. But he wonders how many school districts possess the expertise to pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s extremely complicated -- and they can get hosed pretty easily,” he says. “Most districts aren’t set up to be landlords.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ben Christopher is a contributing writer at CALmatters.org—a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rizi Manzon is a teacher, so naturally, he has a lot to worry about: a stack of homework assignments to grade, a week’s worth of culinary arts classes to prepare for, kitchen supplies to purchase on his own time and dime. And the assorted crises, dramas and anxieties of the 36 teenagers in his care at Wilcox High School in Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike most public school educators in California’s Silicon Valley, one thing Manzon doesn’t need to worry about is how he’s going to pay rent this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, as one of Santa Clara Unified School District’s 822 teachers and specialists, he is one of the lucky few who get to call “Casa del Maestro” home. A picturesque plot of 70 suburban townhouses, bracketed by cherry blossoms and palm trees, this is the district’s answer to the Bay Area’s affordable housing crisis. To lure qualified teachers, the district provides below-market housing located on district property to new employees for up to seven years -- if they can score a spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teachers like Manzon, who gave up a career as a chef in Orange County to take the job at Wilcox, the move probably wouldn’t have penciled out without the district’s generous subsidized digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would have been a hard sell for sure,\" he says. \"I would have had to come to terms with living in Gilroy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No offense to Gilroy. But along with the stresses of the job, not to mention Manzon’s personal challenges -- he's a veteran who \"did some time in the sandbox\" in Iraq and lives with his emotional support animal, Koa -- a twice-daily hourlong commute, along with the familiar angst of finding housing in the Bay Area on a teacher's salary, are extra stressors he's happy to do without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casa del Maestro, a radical experiment in teacher recruitment and retainment, is due to celebrate its 15th anniversary this year. But as school districts in the state's pricey coastal enclaves struggle to attract and keep qualified teachers, many are considering Santa Clara’s “if you build it, they will come” model to teacher retainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now they have the support of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11340137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11340137\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg\" alt='Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\" \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the governor signed the “\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1413\">Teacher Housing Act of 2016\u003c/a>” to make it easier for school districts to get into the landlording business. Authored by Mark Leno, the former Democratic state senator from San Francisco, the law gives districts explicit permission to set aside housing exclusively for its employees and, crucially, to take advantage of state and federal low-income housing tax credits to develop these projects. Under prior law, projects that make use of these low-income housing subsidies had to be open to all tenants who met the income guidelines, to prevent public funds from subsidizing housing discrimination. The new law makes an exception for teachers and district employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the state, extending those tax credits to school employees is a zero-sum game -- it designates a fixed amount for the program. What it does mean, however, is less money for other low-income people who would otherwise take advantage of such subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone, of course, agrees that teachers should be the focal point of affordable housing policy. In areas where the supply of housing is constrained, providing special access to teachers necessarily comes at the expense of others who are just as inconvenienced by high rents and long commutes, if not more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a teacher, so I love teachers. But this pick-and-choose mentality about professions that we value and professions that we don’t seems kind of crazy,” says Paavo Monkkonen, a professor of urban planning at UCLA. “We don’t want to allow all our service workers to live near us -- just the ones we deem more ‘acceptable’ and more ‘meritorious.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many lawmakers, it’s an appealing way to kill two birds with one stone: tackle affordable housing while simultaneously addressing the teacher shortage plaguing California districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of interest in doing this now, given the conflux of rapidly increasing housing prices coupled with a growing teacher shortage in so many districts” says Jeff Vincent, the deputy director and co-founder of the Center for Cities & Schools at UC Berkeley. “And those things are clearly related.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/ca-teacher-shortage-persistent-problem-brief\">survey\u003c/a> by the Learning Policy Institute and the California School Boards Association found three-quarters of public schools across the state reported being unable to fill all of their teacher positions with qualified, credentialed faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes at a cost for students -- particularly those who attend schools serving mostly low-income households, where turnover is highest. But the cost is also financial. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/NCTAFCostofTeacherTurnoverpolicybrief.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, Los Angeles Unified School District pays an additional $94 million per year in recruitment, hiring and training costs just to keep up with staff attrition. In San Francisco and Oakland, the annual price tag is over $11 million and $12 million, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academic literature is equivocal about the connection between the cost of housing and teacher turnover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that teachers who are in schools with higher compensation are more likely to stay,” says Anne Podolsky, a policy analyst at the Learning Policy Institute. “So if you think about housing incentives as just one form of compensation, we might have reason to believe that that would be associated with teachers who are going to stay in their schools longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Podolsky points to a national survey that found one in four former teachers said that they would consider returning to the profession if it offered housing incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that it’s successful because we continue to have waitlists,” says Jennifer Dericco, a spokesperson for Santa Clara’s school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it may be San Francisco’s turn. With some of the highest housing prices in the country and teacher attrition \u003ca href=\"http://citiesandschools.berkeley.edu/uploads/SFUSD_PLUS_Brief_2016_FINAL_.pdf\">rates\u003c/a> that hover around 10 percent every year, San Francisco seems a likely candidate for a robust teacher housing program. In 2015, the city’s mayor, Ed Lee, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2015/10/affordable-housings-sf-teachers-middle-class.html\">announced\u003c/a> plans to build 100 new apartments specifically for teachers on district property. The new law allows the mayor and school district to take one step closer to that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts may follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[TeacherSalaryRent]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anywhere in the Bay Area you’re going to have challenges for housing, and you hear of teachers driving long distances to get to work everyday,” says Debra Carlton, senior vice president of public affairs for the California Apartment Association, a rental housing trade group. “This bill is step number one; step number two is making sure that your local officials, your school districts, et cetera, see it as just as important as San Francisco does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also clear that low-income housing tax credits -- the affordable housing subsidies that the Teacher Housing Act now allows districts and their co-developers to draw from -- are finite. Last year, the State Treasurer’s Office received 163 qualifying applications for its competitive low-income housing tax credit, but only had the resources to fund 82 of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not even clear that most teachers would qualify for subsidized units. According to Mark Stivers, who heads the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee at the Treasurer’s Office, the rents charged at complexes constructed or renovated with low-income tax credit support range from 30 percent to 60 percent of an area’s median income. That puts the upper income \u003ca href=\"http://sfmohcd.org/sites/default/files/Documents/MOH/2016_AMI_IncomeLimits-SanFranHMFA.pdf\">threshold\u003c/a> in a city like San Francisco at $45,250 for one person. Certainly some teachers make less than this, but the district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/fd/cs/documents/j90summary1516.pdf\">average\u003c/a> salary is $67,537.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complexities, costs and delays associated with constructing housing specifically for teachers, there’s an obvious question: “Why not pay them more?” says Monkkonen. “That would be the easier thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is also assumes that schools could negotiate such a targeted pay hike with their respective teacher unions. And whereas districts cover operational costs like salaries with funds from the state, which vary little from year to year, districts can be more creative in funding capital projects. For example, Santa Clara’s district paid for the Casa del Maestro project by issuing “certificates of participation” -- financial instruments in which rent payments are divided up and paid directly to investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond these purely financial considerations, there are other reasons that school districts may prefer brick and mortar, says Lindsay Maple, a graduate student researcher at UC Berkeley’s Center for Cities & Schools and a former teacher in Oakland and East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very visible way to commit and to show that they’re dedicated to finding a solution,” she says. Simply providing a plan to build housing may in and of itself serve as a recruitment and retainment tool. Plus, it’s more likely to grab the attention and sympathy of voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she’s skeptical that housing is the most effective solution, on a dollar-for-dollar basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a school district with 6,500 teachers and you’re going to build a building with 100 units -- do the cost-benefit analysis,” she says. “Does that really impact student outcomes on such a level where (a housing project) makes sense when you’re using that much money?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, for school districts, housing can be a risky business. When the Santa Clara district built Casa del Maestro, it funded the nearly $6.5 million construction project with borrowed money, with the interest payments on those bonds paid for entirely with rental payments from the teacher tenants. The financial transactions, along with the day-to-day operations of the housing complex, are managed by independent third parties. According to the district, this is all designed to protect district dollars. But it’s also a unique -- and uniquely complex -- arrangement that other districts may have a difficult time replicating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And school districts will ultimately confront what is already obvious to developers: Building new housing in urban California is really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cupertino Union School District discovered as much when it announced plans to convert a former elementary school into teacher housing in 2015, only to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/CupertinoUnion-School-District-Abandons-Teacher-Housing-Project-Cites-Tensions-381578961.html\">drop\u003c/a> the idea in the face of fierce opposition from local residents who opposed giving up school land for residential development, and questioned whether new housing would actually retain teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Oakland Unified School District announced its own \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/realestate/oakland-school-district-creates-plan-for-affordable-housing-for-teachers/973340/\">teacher workforce housing\u003c/a> initiative two years ago, only to see the plan stall for lack of a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Los Angeles Unified School District has had more success in developing affordable housing projects than any other district in the state, of the three housing complexes on district land, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-edu-teacher-housing-20161019-snap-story.html\">none\u003c/a> can count a district teacher as a tenant. Because the projects were financed in part with state and federal affordable housing tax credits, the units have gone to lower-earning district employees, such as cafeteria workers and teacher assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the complications that confound housing developments across the state, local ordinances and regulations may pose further obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Berkeley, which is considering a workforce housing initiative. Whereas a project like Casa del Maestro is based on the notion that subsidized housing should be provided to new teachers for a limited time (seven years), after which the tenancy agreement ends, as Maple from the Center for Cities & Schools points out, this would certainly violate Berkeley’s “just cause” eviction regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The development idea is sexy at the moment,” says UC Berkeley’s Vincent. “But districts need to be really careful in understanding their risks associated with these developments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent applauds what Santa Clara has done: Rather than placing young, inexperienced teachers in “dorm-style housing” for short period of time, the Casa del Maestro seems designed to keep educators in the district for the long term. But he wonders how many school districts possess the expertise to pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s extremely complicated -- and they can get hosed pretty easily,” he says. “Most districts aren’t set up to be landlords.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ben Christopher is a contributing writer at CALmatters.org—a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Richmond Cuts Jobs, Street Repairs, Library Books to Keep Up With Pension Costs",
"title": "Richmond Cuts Jobs, Street Repairs, Library Books to Keep Up With Pension Costs",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>When the state auditor gauged the fiscal health of California cities in 2015, this port community on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay made a short list of six distressed municipalities at risk of bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond has cut about 200 jobs — roughly 20 percent of its workforce — since 2008. Its credit rating is at junk status. And in November, voters rejected a tax increase that city leaders had hoped would help close a chronic budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think there’s any chance we can avoid it,” said former City Councilman Vinay Pimple, referring to bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major cause of Richmond’s problems: relentless growth in pension costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payments for employee pensions, pension-related debt and retiree health care have climbed from $25 million to $44 million in the last five years, outpacing all other expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2021, retirement expenses could exceed $70 million — 41 percent of the city’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is a stark example of how pension costs are causing fiscal stress in cities across California. Four municipalities — Vallejo, Stockton, San Bernardino and Mammoth Lakes — have filed for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/municipalities-declared-bankruptcy/\">bankruptcy\u003c/a> protection since 2008. Others are on the brink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The truth is that there are cities all over the state that just aren’t owning up to all their problems,” said San Bernardino City Manager Mark Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, pension costs consume \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-me-pension-squeeze/\">15 percent or more\u003c/a> of big city budgets, crowding out basic services and leaving local governments more vulnerable than ever to the next economic downturn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11318519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-800x470.jpg\" alt=\"RichmondChart\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-160x94.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-240x141.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-375x220.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-520x306.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is a racially diverse, working-class city of 110,000 whose largest employer is a massive Chevron oil refinery. Like many California municipalities, Richmond dug a financial hole for itself by granting generous retirement benefits to police and firefighters on the assumption that pension fund investments would grow fast enough to cover the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That optimism proved unfounded, and now the bill is coming due.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Manager Bill Lindsay insists that Richmond can avoid going off a cliff. Last year, financial consultants mapped a path to stability for the city by 2021 — but at a considerable cost in public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city cut \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/07/06/facing-prospect-of-further-credit-downgrade-richmond-passes-budget/\">11 positions\u003c/a>, reduced after-school and senior classes, eliminated neighborhood cleanups to tackle illegal trash dumping, and trimmed spending on new library books — saving $12 million total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials also negotiated a four-year contract with firefighters that freezes salaries and requires firefighters to pay $4,800 a year each toward retirement health care. Until then, the benefit was fully funded by taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s a huge mess. I don’t know how it’s going to get resolved. One of these days, it’s just going to come crashing down.'\u003ccite>Mayor Tom Butt\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen some of my good friends go through it in Vallejo and Stockton, and what we found out during those [bankruptcies] is that your union contracts aren’t necessarily guaranteed,” said Jim Russey, president of Richmond Firefighters Local 188.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond’s consultants said the city had to find \u003ca href=\"http://documents.latimes.com/richmond-five-year-budget-forecast-2016/\">$15 million\u003c/a> more in new revenue or budget cuts by 2021. Lindsay said the city has been looking hard for additional savings, and the police union recently agreed to have its members contribute toward retirement health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the five-year forecast, with reasonable assumptions, even with the growth in pension cost, it does start to generate a surplus,” Lindsay said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Nation, a former Democratic state legislator who teaches public policy at Stanford’s Institute for Economic Policy Research, is not so sanguine. He reviewed Richmond’s retirement cost projections and said they leave little room to maneuver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next five years, every dollar the city collects in new revenue will go toward retirement costs, leaving little hope of restoring city services, Nation said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is an economic downturn of any kind, I can imagine that they could be pushed to the brink of bankruptcy, if not bankruptcy,” Nation said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (CalPERS), the state’s main pension fund, lowered its projected rate of return on investments from 7.5 percent to 7 percent per year. That means Richmond and other communities will have to pay \u003ca href=\"http://documents.latimes.com/calpers-circular-letter/\">more\u003c/a> each year to fund current and future pension benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change is expected to increase local government pension payments by at least 20 percent starting in 2018, according to CalPERS spokeswoman Amy Morgan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11318524\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11318524\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-800x895.jpg\" alt=\"The city of Richmond’s pension-related budget problems have taken a toll on public services, including street repair. \" width=\"800\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-800x895.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-160x179.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-1020x1141.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-1180x1320.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-960x1074.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-240x268.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-375x419.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-520x581.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The city of Richmond’s pension-related budget problems have taken a toll on public services, including street repair. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An analysis by the nonprofit news organization CALmatters indicates that Richmond’s retirement-related expenses could grow to more than $70 million per year by 2021. That represents 41 percent of a projected $174 million general fund budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsay said the city’s estimates of future pension costs are lower because of different assumptions about salary increases and other costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters approved a sales tax increase in 2014 to help stabilize the city’s finances. But in November, voters rejected \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/39147\">an increase in the property transfer tax\u003c/a> that was expected to bring in an additional $4 million to $6 million annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsay said the city was never counting on the property transfer tax in its five-year plan. If the city needed more cash, he says Richmond has properties it can sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Budget management is much more difficult in Richmond than in Beverly Hills, but you still manage it,” Lindsay said. “To say it’s spiraling out of control into bankruptcy does incredible damage to our community and it’s just not accurate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is especially hard hit by personnel costs because of high salaries for public employees. The city’s \u003ca href=\"http://publicpay.ca.gov/Reports/Cities/Cities.aspx\">average salary of $92,000\u003c/a> for its 938 employees was fifth highest in California as of 2015, according to the state controller. The city’s median household income is $54,857.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officers and firefighters in Richmond make more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/richmond-city-safety-2015.pdf\">$137,000\u003c/a> per year on average, compared with an average $128,000 per year for Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/berkeley-city-safety-police-2015.pdf\">police\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/berkeley-city-safety-fire-2015.pdf\">firefighters\u003c/a>, where housing prices are more than 60 percent higher than in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public safety salaries averaged \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/oakland-city-safety-2015.pdf\">$115,000\u003c/a> in Oakland and \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/vallejo-city-safety-2015.pdf\">$112,000\u003c/a> in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11318522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11318522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Mayor Tom Butt says of Richmond’s pension-related financial problems: 'It’s a huge mess ... One of these days, it’s just going to come crashing down.' \" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-960x688.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-240x172.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-375x269.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mayor Tom Butt says of Richmond’s pension-related financial problems: 'It’s a huge mess ... One of these days, it’s just going to come crashing down.' \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richmond Mayor Tom Butt, an architect and general contractor who has served on the City Council for two decades, says the city that was once among the state’s most dangerous has little choice but to pay higher salaries to compete for employees with nearby communities that are safer and more affluent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t convince anyone here that they deserve less than anybody in any other city,” Butt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsay said the decision to offer higher salaries for public safety employees was strategic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City Council made a conscious decision to put a lot into public safety, in particular reducing violent crime. And largely, we’ve been successful,” Lindsay said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violent crimes have been declining in the city over the past decade, with homicides dropping to a low of 11 in 2014. But Richmond is experiencing an uptick, recording 24 homicides in 2016, according to the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge with public safety costs dates to 1999, when Richmond, like many local governments, matched the state’s decision to sweeten retirement benefits for California Highway Patrol officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHP officers could retire as early as 50 with 3 percent of salary for each year of service, providing up to 90 percent of their peak salaries in retirement. Other police departments soon demanded and got similar treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond firefighters are eligible to retire at age 55 with 3 percent of salary for each year of service. Recent hires will have to work longer to qualify for a less generous formula under legislation passed in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11318528\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11318528\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"To cope with severe budgetary pressures, the city of Richmond put this Fire Department training facility up for sale.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-800x504.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-1020x643.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-1180x744.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-960x605.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-240x151.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-375x236.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-520x328.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To cope with severe budgetary pressures, the city of Richmond put this Fire Department training facility up for sale. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richmond’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/richmond-city-safety-2015.pdf\">actuarial pension report\u003c/a> shows there are nearly two retirees for every police officer or firefighter currently on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, Richmond is a preview of what California cities face in the years ahead. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/board-agendas/201609/financeadmin/item-8c-01.pdf\">CalPERS\u003c/a>, there were two active workers for every retiree in its system in 2001. Today, there are 1.3 workers for each retiree. In the next 10 or 20 years, there will be as few as 0.6 workers for each retiree collecting a pension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because benefits have already been promised to today’s workers and retirees, cuts in pension benefits for new employees do little to ease the immediate burden. It “means decades before the full burden of this will be completely dealt with,” said Phil Batchelor, former Contra Costa County administrator and former interim city manager for Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Richmond’s taxpayers are spending more to make up for underperforming pension investments. CalPERS projects that the city’s payments for unfunded pension liabilities will more than double in the next five years, from $11.2 million to $26.8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the lower assumed rate of investment return is projected to add nearly $9 million to Richmond’s costs by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge mess,” said Mayor Butt. “I don’t know how it’s going to get resolved. One of these days, it’s just going to come crashing down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Judy Lin is a reporter at \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a>, a nonprofit journalism venture in Sacramento covering state policy and politics. This story is part of an ongoing project involving the Los Angeles Times, CALmatters and Capital Public Radio.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The city has cut roughly 20 percent of its workforce since 2008. Its credit rating is at junk status. And in November, voters rejected a tax increase that city leaders had hoped would help close a chronic budget deficit.",
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"description": "The city has cut roughly 20 percent of its workforce since 2008. Its credit rating is at junk status. And in November, voters rejected a tax increase that city leaders had hoped would help close a chronic budget deficit.",
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"headline": "Richmond Cuts Jobs, Street Repairs, Library Books to Keep Up With Pension Costs",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/judy-lin/\">Judy Lin\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the state auditor gauged the fiscal health of California cities in 2015, this port community on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay made a short list of six distressed municipalities at risk of bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond has cut about 200 jobs — roughly 20 percent of its workforce — since 2008. Its credit rating is at junk status. And in November, voters rejected a tax increase that city leaders had hoped would help close a chronic budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think there’s any chance we can avoid it,” said former City Councilman Vinay Pimple, referring to bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major cause of Richmond’s problems: relentless growth in pension costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payments for employee pensions, pension-related debt and retiree health care have climbed from $25 million to $44 million in the last five years, outpacing all other expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2021, retirement expenses could exceed $70 million — 41 percent of the city’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is a stark example of how pension costs are causing fiscal stress in cities across California. Four municipalities — Vallejo, Stockton, San Bernardino and Mammoth Lakes — have filed for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/municipalities-declared-bankruptcy/\">bankruptcy\u003c/a> protection since 2008. Others are on the brink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The truth is that there are cities all over the state that just aren’t owning up to all their problems,” said San Bernardino City Manager Mark Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, pension costs consume \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-me-pension-squeeze/\">15 percent or more\u003c/a> of big city budgets, crowding out basic services and leaving local governments more vulnerable than ever to the next economic downturn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11318519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-800x470.jpg\" alt=\"RichmondChart\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-160x94.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-240x141.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-375x220.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondChart-520x306.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is a racially diverse, working-class city of 110,000 whose largest employer is a massive Chevron oil refinery. Like many California municipalities, Richmond dug a financial hole for itself by granting generous retirement benefits to police and firefighters on the assumption that pension fund investments would grow fast enough to cover the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That optimism proved unfounded, and now the bill is coming due.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Manager Bill Lindsay insists that Richmond can avoid going off a cliff. Last year, financial consultants mapped a path to stability for the city by 2021 — but at a considerable cost in public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city cut \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/07/06/facing-prospect-of-further-credit-downgrade-richmond-passes-budget/\">11 positions\u003c/a>, reduced after-school and senior classes, eliminated neighborhood cleanups to tackle illegal trash dumping, and trimmed spending on new library books — saving $12 million total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials also negotiated a four-year contract with firefighters that freezes salaries and requires firefighters to pay $4,800 a year each toward retirement health care. Until then, the benefit was fully funded by taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s a huge mess. I don’t know how it’s going to get resolved. One of these days, it’s just going to come crashing down.'\u003ccite>Mayor Tom Butt\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen some of my good friends go through it in Vallejo and Stockton, and what we found out during those [bankruptcies] is that your union contracts aren’t necessarily guaranteed,” said Jim Russey, president of Richmond Firefighters Local 188.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond’s consultants said the city had to find \u003ca href=\"http://documents.latimes.com/richmond-five-year-budget-forecast-2016/\">$15 million\u003c/a> more in new revenue or budget cuts by 2021. Lindsay said the city has been looking hard for additional savings, and the police union recently agreed to have its members contribute toward retirement health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the five-year forecast, with reasonable assumptions, even with the growth in pension cost, it does start to generate a surplus,” Lindsay said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Nation, a former Democratic state legislator who teaches public policy at Stanford’s Institute for Economic Policy Research, is not so sanguine. He reviewed Richmond’s retirement cost projections and said they leave little room to maneuver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next five years, every dollar the city collects in new revenue will go toward retirement costs, leaving little hope of restoring city services, Nation said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is an economic downturn of any kind, I can imagine that they could be pushed to the brink of bankruptcy, if not bankruptcy,” Nation said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (CalPERS), the state’s main pension fund, lowered its projected rate of return on investments from 7.5 percent to 7 percent per year. That means Richmond and other communities will have to pay \u003ca href=\"http://documents.latimes.com/calpers-circular-letter/\">more\u003c/a> each year to fund current and future pension benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change is expected to increase local government pension payments by at least 20 percent starting in 2018, according to CalPERS spokeswoman Amy Morgan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11318524\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11318524\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-800x895.jpg\" alt=\"The city of Richmond’s pension-related budget problems have taken a toll on public services, including street repair. \" width=\"800\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-800x895.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-160x179.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-1020x1141.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-1180x1320.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-960x1074.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-240x268.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-375x419.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondStreet-520x581.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The city of Richmond’s pension-related budget problems have taken a toll on public services, including street repair. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An analysis by the nonprofit news organization CALmatters indicates that Richmond’s retirement-related expenses could grow to more than $70 million per year by 2021. That represents 41 percent of a projected $174 million general fund budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsay said the city’s estimates of future pension costs are lower because of different assumptions about salary increases and other costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters approved a sales tax increase in 2014 to help stabilize the city’s finances. But in November, voters rejected \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/39147\">an increase in the property transfer tax\u003c/a> that was expected to bring in an additional $4 million to $6 million annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsay said the city was never counting on the property transfer tax in its five-year plan. If the city needed more cash, he says Richmond has properties it can sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Budget management is much more difficult in Richmond than in Beverly Hills, but you still manage it,” Lindsay said. “To say it’s spiraling out of control into bankruptcy does incredible damage to our community and it’s just not accurate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is especially hard hit by personnel costs because of high salaries for public employees. The city’s \u003ca href=\"http://publicpay.ca.gov/Reports/Cities/Cities.aspx\">average salary of $92,000\u003c/a> for its 938 employees was fifth highest in California as of 2015, according to the state controller. The city’s median household income is $54,857.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officers and firefighters in Richmond make more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/richmond-city-safety-2015.pdf\">$137,000\u003c/a> per year on average, compared with an average $128,000 per year for Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/berkeley-city-safety-police-2015.pdf\">police\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/berkeley-city-safety-fire-2015.pdf\">firefighters\u003c/a>, where housing prices are more than 60 percent higher than in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public safety salaries averaged \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/oakland-city-safety-2015.pdf\">$115,000\u003c/a> in Oakland and \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/vallejo-city-safety-2015.pdf\">$112,000\u003c/a> in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11318522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11318522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Mayor Tom Butt says of Richmond’s pension-related financial problems: 'It’s a huge mess ... One of these days, it’s just going to come crashing down.' \" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-960x688.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-240x172.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-375x269.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondMayor-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mayor Tom Butt says of Richmond’s pension-related financial problems: 'It’s a huge mess ... One of these days, it’s just going to come crashing down.' \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richmond Mayor Tom Butt, an architect and general contractor who has served on the City Council for two decades, says the city that was once among the state’s most dangerous has little choice but to pay higher salaries to compete for employees with nearby communities that are safer and more affluent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t convince anyone here that they deserve less than anybody in any other city,” Butt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsay said the decision to offer higher salaries for public safety employees was strategic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City Council made a conscious decision to put a lot into public safety, in particular reducing violent crime. And largely, we’ve been successful,” Lindsay said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violent crimes have been declining in the city over the past decade, with homicides dropping to a low of 11 in 2014. But Richmond is experiencing an uptick, recording 24 homicides in 2016, according to the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge with public safety costs dates to 1999, when Richmond, like many local governments, matched the state’s decision to sweeten retirement benefits for California Highway Patrol officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHP officers could retire as early as 50 with 3 percent of salary for each year of service, providing up to 90 percent of their peak salaries in retirement. Other police departments soon demanded and got similar treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond firefighters are eligible to retire at age 55 with 3 percent of salary for each year of service. Recent hires will have to work longer to qualify for a less generous formula under legislation passed in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11318528\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11318528\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"To cope with severe budgetary pressures, the city of Richmond put this Fire Department training facility up for sale.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-800x504.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-1020x643.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-1180x744.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-960x605.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-240x151.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-375x236.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RichmondTrainingFacil-520x328.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To cope with severe budgetary pressures, the city of Richmond put this Fire Department training facility up for sale. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richmond’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/actuarial-reports/2015/richmond-city-safety-2015.pdf\">actuarial pension report\u003c/a> shows there are nearly two retirees for every police officer or firefighter currently on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, Richmond is a preview of what California cities face in the years ahead. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.calpers.ca.gov/docs/board-agendas/201609/financeadmin/item-8c-01.pdf\">CalPERS\u003c/a>, there were two active workers for every retiree in its system in 2001. Today, there are 1.3 workers for each retiree. In the next 10 or 20 years, there will be as few as 0.6 workers for each retiree collecting a pension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because benefits have already been promised to today’s workers and retirees, cuts in pension benefits for new employees do little to ease the immediate burden. It “means decades before the full burden of this will be completely dealt with,” said Phil Batchelor, former Contra Costa County administrator and former interim city manager for Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Richmond’s taxpayers are spending more to make up for underperforming pension investments. CalPERS projects that the city’s payments for unfunded pension liabilities will more than double in the next five years, from $11.2 million to $26.8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the lower assumed rate of investment return is projected to add nearly $9 million to Richmond’s costs by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge mess,” said Mayor Butt. “I don’t know how it’s going to get resolved. One of these days, it’s just going to come crashing down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Judy Lin is a reporter at \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a>, a nonprofit journalism venture in Sacramento covering state policy and politics. This story is part of an ongoing project involving the Los Angeles Times, CALmatters and Capital Public Radio.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Climate Policy Depends on Federal Waivers -- What if Trump Doesn’t Grant Them?",
"title": "California's Climate Policy Depends on Federal Waivers -- What if Trump Doesn’t Grant Them?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>California officials have discerned a chilling signal that the Trump administration may be willing to halt the state’s unique authority to impose its own vehicle emission rules -- a move that could undercut its pioneering effort to battle climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat arose during the confirmation hearing for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/18/epa-critic-to-get-sharp-questions-on-industry-ties-as-he-vies-to-run-agency/\" target=\"_blank\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a>, Trump’s choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency. Pruitt was asked by California Democratic Sen. Kamala Harris if he would pledge to continue the EPA’s decades-long policy of granting California waivers from the federal Clean Air Act, giving the state the right to set its own more stringent clean air standards. Pruitt -- who as Oklahoma’s attorney general sued the EPA more than a dozen times -- refused to commit to continuing California’s authority, instead saying he would have to study the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The waivers have been the bedrock on which much of California’s climate change goals stand. The state’s emissions from passenger cars and light trucks have been reduced by more than 30 percent since 2009, when California expanded its use of the air quality waiver to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability of the state to chart its own course has brought California to a place of national and international leadership in combating climate change, often without the partnership of recalcitrant elected officials in Washington. In many cases, California’s regulations have become the de facto federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"LWc9n20Vd2Wax7CwZJJMoTBbRQo7b8LC\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fran Pavley, the recently retired Democratic state senator who authored most of California’s climate change legislation, said in an interview that the state would “absolutely not” have been able to achieve the current greenhouse gas reductions without waivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Losing that flexibility under the Trump administration would be a crushing blow to more than a decade of carefully crafted policies that, stitched together across multiple state and local agencies, aim to reduce California’s carbon footprint and dramatically reshape how the state generates and uses energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clean air waivers also play a critical role in improving public health across California -- and although they’ve helped clean pollutants from the air, large parts of the state still have air quality that violates federal ozone thresholds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no way that the 10 million Californians living in areas with smoggy air will be able to breathe healthy air without the state keeping (waiver) authority,” said Bill Magavern, policy director for the Coalition for Clean Air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1967, California has requested more than 100 waivers, covering an array of issues related to air quality, ranging from requiring more advanced engine diagnostic information on heavy duty trucks to emissions standards for forklifts. All but one was approved. That pushback came as George W. Bush was leaving office, and the state’s application was granted in Barack Obama’s first term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, said the state does not have any waiver requests pending -- and that emission standards for passenger cars and light trucks are in place until 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s intentions are not yet clear. But should a Pruitt-run EPA elect not to grant, the state would likely mount a legal challenge bolstered by 50 years of precedent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it would be a heavy lift to say no now,\" said David Pettit, a senior attorney in the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Southern California Air Program. “The EPA can’t do something that is arbitrary or capricious. If you show a judge a 1,000-page administrative record, that judge is going to ask EPA what has changed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that because California’s right to seek an EPA waiver is written into statute, the \"nightmare scenario\" would come into play should Congress undertake to rewrite the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have been rumblings,\" Pettit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11296758\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11296758\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Pruitt, Trump's choice to head the EPA, testifies during his confirmation hearing. Pruitt refused to commit to continuing California's authority to set its own more stringent clean air standards.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Pruitt, Trump's choice to head the EPA, testifies during his confirmation hearing. Pruitt refused to commit to continuing California's authority to set its own more stringent clean air standards. \u003ccite>(Aaron P. Bernstein/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But some conservatives, who contend that regulations often saddle businesses with unfair burdens, welcome the notion of eliminating the right of states to make their own rules. Former state Assemblyman Tim Donnelly recently wrote a column for the alt-right Breitbart website supporting dismantling both the state air board (CARB) and the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But now, CARB could be on the ropes for a change,” Donnelly wrote. “If President Trump’s pick for EPA picks a serious fight with CARB, this could be the first ray of hope for the long-suffering Americans living behind enemy lines in the Socialist Republic of California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expect California’s leaders to strike back at any such move. Since the November election, the state has girded for a fight, bringing aboard a legal hired gun, former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, to look out for the state’s interests. California’s new attorney general, Xavier Becerra, also intends to defend state policies from erosion by federal decree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"JqHZrjxo6NKLM3ZVFbu9WdmKBzHi3nky\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s right to set its own clean air standards dates back to the mid 1960s, when the federal Clean Air Act was written. In acknowledgement of the state’s smog crisis -- when the mountain backdrop of Los Angeles resembled a brown smudge -- California was the only state granted the ability to seek a waiver from federal regulations so that it could set stricter emission standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We needed exceptional regulations in order to meet federal standards,” Clegern said. “We have unique geography, a large population and millions of vehicles on the road of all ages and conditions. The one-size-fits-all national rule did not get us anywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many instances, policies California put in place through waivers were adopted as national and even international standards. For example, the state used waivers to mandate the adoption of unleaded gasoline and to require that vehicles be fitted with catalytic converters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An engineer from China told me several years ago, ‘If it weren’t for California, we wouldn’t have catalytic converters in China,’” Pavley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavley was in the delegation that went to Washington in 2008 to negotiate when the EPA issued its only waiver denial. She said that today California has a target on its back with the Trump administration, but the battle isn’t just about one state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe that Americans and other states don’t care about clean air,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan news venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/julie-cart/\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California officials have discerned a chilling signal that the Trump administration may be willing to halt the state’s unique authority to impose its own vehicle emission rules -- a move that could undercut its pioneering effort to battle climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat arose during the confirmation hearing for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/18/epa-critic-to-get-sharp-questions-on-industry-ties-as-he-vies-to-run-agency/\" target=\"_blank\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a>, Trump’s choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency. Pruitt was asked by California Democratic Sen. Kamala Harris if he would pledge to continue the EPA’s decades-long policy of granting California waivers from the federal Clean Air Act, giving the state the right to set its own more stringent clean air standards. Pruitt -- who as Oklahoma’s attorney general sued the EPA more than a dozen times -- refused to commit to continuing California’s authority, instead saying he would have to study the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The waivers have been the bedrock on which much of California’s climate change goals stand. The state’s emissions from passenger cars and light trucks have been reduced by more than 30 percent since 2009, when California expanded its use of the air quality waiver to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability of the state to chart its own course has brought California to a place of national and international leadership in combating climate change, often without the partnership of recalcitrant elected officials in Washington. In many cases, California’s regulations have become the de facto federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fran Pavley, the recently retired Democratic state senator who authored most of California’s climate change legislation, said in an interview that the state would “absolutely not” have been able to achieve the current greenhouse gas reductions without waivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Losing that flexibility under the Trump administration would be a crushing blow to more than a decade of carefully crafted policies that, stitched together across multiple state and local agencies, aim to reduce California’s carbon footprint and dramatically reshape how the state generates and uses energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clean air waivers also play a critical role in improving public health across California -- and although they’ve helped clean pollutants from the air, large parts of the state still have air quality that violates federal ozone thresholds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no way that the 10 million Californians living in areas with smoggy air will be able to breathe healthy air without the state keeping (waiver) authority,” said Bill Magavern, policy director for the Coalition for Clean Air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1967, California has requested more than 100 waivers, covering an array of issues related to air quality, ranging from requiring more advanced engine diagnostic information on heavy duty trucks to emissions standards for forklifts. All but one was approved. That pushback came as George W. Bush was leaving office, and the state’s application was granted in Barack Obama’s first term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, said the state does not have any waiver requests pending -- and that emission standards for passenger cars and light trucks are in place until 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s intentions are not yet clear. But should a Pruitt-run EPA elect not to grant, the state would likely mount a legal challenge bolstered by 50 years of precedent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it would be a heavy lift to say no now,\" said David Pettit, a senior attorney in the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Southern California Air Program. “The EPA can’t do something that is arbitrary or capricious. If you show a judge a 1,000-page administrative record, that judge is going to ask EPA what has changed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that because California’s right to seek an EPA waiver is written into statute, the \"nightmare scenario\" would come into play should Congress undertake to rewrite the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have been rumblings,\" Pettit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11296758\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11296758\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Pruitt, Trump's choice to head the EPA, testifies during his confirmation hearing. Pruitt refused to commit to continuing California's authority to set its own more stringent clean air standards.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Pruitt-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Pruitt, Trump's choice to head the EPA, testifies during his confirmation hearing. Pruitt refused to commit to continuing California's authority to set its own more stringent clean air standards. \u003ccite>(Aaron P. Bernstein/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But some conservatives, who contend that regulations often saddle businesses with unfair burdens, welcome the notion of eliminating the right of states to make their own rules. Former state Assemblyman Tim Donnelly recently wrote a column for the alt-right Breitbart website supporting dismantling both the state air board (CARB) and the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But now, CARB could be on the ropes for a change,” Donnelly wrote. “If President Trump’s pick for EPA picks a serious fight with CARB, this could be the first ray of hope for the long-suffering Americans living behind enemy lines in the Socialist Republic of California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expect California’s leaders to strike back at any such move. Since the November election, the state has girded for a fight, bringing aboard a legal hired gun, former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, to look out for the state’s interests. California’s new attorney general, Xavier Becerra, also intends to defend state policies from erosion by federal decree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s right to set its own clean air standards dates back to the mid 1960s, when the federal Clean Air Act was written. In acknowledgement of the state’s smog crisis -- when the mountain backdrop of Los Angeles resembled a brown smudge -- California was the only state granted the ability to seek a waiver from federal regulations so that it could set stricter emission standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We needed exceptional regulations in order to meet federal standards,” Clegern said. “We have unique geography, a large population and millions of vehicles on the road of all ages and conditions. The one-size-fits-all national rule did not get us anywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many instances, policies California put in place through waivers were adopted as national and even international standards. For example, the state used waivers to mandate the adoption of unleaded gasoline and to require that vehicles be fitted with catalytic converters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An engineer from China told me several years ago, ‘If it weren’t for California, we wouldn’t have catalytic converters in China,’” Pavley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavley was in the delegation that went to Washington in 2008 to negotiate when the EPA issued its only waiver denial. She said that today California has a target on its back with the Trump administration, but the battle isn’t just about one state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe that Americans and other states don’t care about clean air,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan news venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California’s Undocumented Kids—Why They Could be First to Lose Medical Care Under Trump",
"title": "California’s Undocumented Kids—Why They Could be First to Lose Medical Care Under Trump",
"headTitle": "CALmatters | State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>On a recent rainy morning in Los Angeles, Maria Bernal’s stove clicks to life with a bright blue flame to toast bread on a griddle for her 9-year-old son Edwin to smear with peanut butter. As she scoops papaya chunks into the blender for a smoothie, she recalls her worry during all the years when she couldn’t afford health care and he suffered painful ear infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The waiting six months to get an appointment for Edwin at a county facility. The nights trying to calm him as he cried in constant pain. The months-long wait for each of three surgeries to insert tubes into his ears. The fear when the medical bills arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, she couldn’t afford health care, and he wasn't eligible for regular government-funded Medi-Cal coverage because she had brought Edwin to the United States illegally from Mexico when he was 1. He qualified for a local program and emergency Medi-Cal, but that didn’t provide all the care he needed. Then last year, she heard on TV that California was \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/eligibility/Documents/SB75/SB75_EE_Plan_032116_Final.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">creating a new program\u003c/a> under Medi-Cal to fully cover poor undocumented children. Relieved, she rushed to sign Edwin up. As a result, she says, “I can take him in whenever he needs to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, the ability of Edwin and some 164,000 poor undocumented California children to see a doctor for regular medical care hangs in the balance—with several experts predicting they could be among the first to lose health coverage if the Trump administration carries out its promise to end much of Obamacare, leaving California to try to make up the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, the federal government does pay \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/eligibility/Pages/Medi-CalFAQs2014b.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">limited medical costs\u003c/a> for kids in the country illegally under the restricted-scope Medi-Cal program, which is available to anyone regardless of immigration status for emergency and prenatal services only. Last May, however, California became one of a handful of states to provide \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2016/04/21/48148/medi-cal-for-immigrant-kids-in-us-illegally-starts/\" target=\"_blank\">state-funded full-scope Medi-Cal\u003c/a>, California’s Medicaid program. About 71 percent of the program is funded by the state, according to the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/eligibility/Pages/SB-75.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Health Care Services\u003c/a>, with 29 percent paid for out of \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/outreach-and-enrollment/downloads/overview-of-eligibility-for-non-citizens-in-medicaid-and-chip.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">federal funds\u003c/a> for emergency coverage. Also of note: Because the federal government funds emergency services, the state shares enrollee information with federal health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2017-18/pdf/BudgetSummary/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">budget proposal\u003c/a>, Gov. Jerry Brown allocated $279.5 million to cover approximately 185,000 kids in the coming year in what the state has dubbed its Health for All Kids program—double what the program was estimated to cost when it was approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the election of Donald Trump, who took office last week, some health policy experts and advocates say the fledgling program is in danger. Assuming the new administration carries out plans to change how Medicaid is funded, California could stand to lose $17 billion the federal government currently provides for the Medi-Cal expansion that California adopted under the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a cut would leave state leaders unable to fully make up the funding difference—and could force them to revisit a decades-old debate over whether the state has an obligation to care for sick children regardless of their immigration status, or should focus limited resources on citizens and legal residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s impossible to precisely predict the ripple effects. But, said Nancy Gomez, organizing director of the health advocacy organization \u003ca href=\"http://Health%20Access%20California\" target=\"_blank\">Health Access California\u003c/a>: “The first things that are going to go are these optional programs. They are not optional to us. But Health for All Kids are discretionary funds and they may be the first to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to make up the gap will be nearly impossible, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These federal cuts to the broader Medi-Cal program would force California policymakers to make some difficult decisions—raise revenue by unprecedented amounts to maintain the current program, cut benefits, reduce eligibility, or make other cuts to the program,” said Laurel Lucia, manager of the Health Care Program at the UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Labor Research and Education\u003c/a>. But, she acknowledged, “if the Legislature decides to take a 'last in, first out' approach to making eligibility cuts in response to federal cuts, state-funded Medi-Cal for undocumented kids would especially be at risk because the expansion started less than one year ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s as is should be, according to those who insist that anyone in the country illegally should not receive state resources—especially if funding is cut short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sacramento should be focused on helping American citizens,” said Robin Hvidston, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://wethepeoplerising.wordpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">We The People Rising\u003c/a>, a Claremont-based organization that fights against legislation that it says promotes illegal immigration. The group opposed the expansion, which she contends is merely an open invitation for illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a program our state cannot afford,” she said. “We have a burgeoning homeless crisis in this state, we have disabled people in this state that need help. This energy and our tax dollars should be going to help our suffering American citizens in this state and not those here illegally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the lawmaker who \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-undocumented-kidswhy-they-could-be-first-to-lose-medical-care-under-trump/\" target=\"_blank\">authored\u003c/a> the expansion to cover undocumented children, Democratic Sen. Ricardo Lara of Los Angeles, has vowed to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will fight to ensure that they remain a priority population in terms of receiving adequate healthcare and meeting their health needs,” Lara said. “It makes economic sense, it’s the moral thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in an unmistakable sign that the Democratic-controlled state is changing tactics in response to a less receptive White House, California recently \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/california-withdraws-bid-to-allow-undocumented-immigrants-to-buy-unsubsidized-obamacare-plans/\" target=\"_blank\">retracted\u003c/a> its request for a federal waiver that it had hoped would allow undocumented immigrants of all ages to buy unsubsidized health care via California’s Affordable Care Act exchange. Lara labeled it the “first California casualty of the Trump presidency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the state could always renew its quest for such a waiver, but won’t until it first ensures that the state can protect the data immigrants would be sharing with the federal government by using the health exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very clear and apparent that we are dealing with a hostile administration toward our immigration community,” Lara said. “Given the fact that we are working currently on legislation to protect the privacy of the immigrant communities, we felt that it was appropriate to pull the waiver and focus on the fights ahead with the incoming administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump and the Republican-controlled Congress favor establishing caps on Medicaid and changing funding to a block grant formula that sets limits on total spending per state regardless of how many people are in the program. Currently it is funded as an entitlement for all enrollees who qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicaid is the largest insurer in the country, with 73 million people enrolled, mostly low-income or disabled. In California, 13.5 million people are on Medi-Cal, or roughly one in three Californians. The program grew by 3.6 million people when it was expanded under the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found that the proposals to reorganize Medicaid funding would decrease funding by one-third to one-half within a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such federal cuts would trigger a cascade of effects, said Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de Leon (D-Los Angeles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Trump administration decides to remove and take away access to quality healthcare that could possibly drive a budget deficit—and if you drive a budget deficit that means cuts would have to be made,” he said at a health care rally in Los Angeles after the November election. “If cuts have to be made that means other people could be hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others aren’t ready to concede that outcome, and say there are likely alternatives the state can employ to keep as many people covered as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is if Congress has enough votes to change the Medicaid program into a block grant program, California will struggle to maintain its commitment to the 13.5 million people currently covered,” said Gerald Kominski, director of the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. “I suspect the governor and Legislature will give higher priority to cutting covered services rather than cutting the number of beneficiaries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Lara said he hopes the state resists choosing one group over another—adding that he plans to suggest cutting coverage, as the state has done during lean times, or increasing eligibility thresholds in his fight to keep health care for the neediest across all groups, including undocumented children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for 9-year-old Edwin Bernal, he says going to the doctor more often is good for him because of his hearing challenges and ear tubes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_287952\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Bernal, 30, cooks breakfast for her son Edwin Bernal, 9, before school at their home in Los Angeles. His mother fears that under the Trump administration the program will be in danger.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-287952\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Bernal, 30, cooks breakfast for her son Edwin Bernal, 9, before school at their home in Los Angeles. His mother fears that under the Trump administration the program will be in danger. \u003ccite>(Maria J. Avila/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My friends talk to me and I’m like ‘what, what,’ because I can’t hear them that good,” he said. “Same with my mom, she tells me something and I don’t really hear her and I don’t do the stuff she tells me because I can’t hear. So it’s better, I can hear her and I’m not getting in more trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If kids like Edwin lose Medi-Cal overage, their health care will depend largely on where they live. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, the county offers a basic low-cost program to everyone regardless of immigration status and emergency Medi-Cal is expected to still be available. Private insurer Kaiser Permanente also offers a community benefit program for kids without legal status who live near their facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a challenge for us and the patients,” said Chona de Leon, senior vice president and chief operating officer at Eisner Pediatric & Family Center, in downtown Los Angeles, where Edwin has received care since he was a baby. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinics like Eisner would lose the increased funding that has come from previously uninsured patients getting access through the Affordable Care Act. de Leon says they would continue to serve uninsured patients as they always have, although they would have to work hard to find outside funding and donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 11 California counties, including Orange and San Diego, there are no programs for undocumented families to find care for their children outside of charitable clinics and hospital emergency rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://CALmatters.org\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California’s policies and politics.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A medical plan covering some 164,000 poor undocumented California children hangs in the balance. Both experts and families fear a cut-off if the Trump administration carries out its promise to end much of Obamacare. ",
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"description": "A medical plan covering some 164,000 poor undocumented California children hangs in the balance. Both experts and families fear a cut-off if the Trump administration carries out its promise to end much of Obamacare. ",
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"headline": "California’s Undocumented Kids—Why They Could be First to Lose Medical Care Under Trump",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/elizabeth-aguilera/\">\u003cstrong>Elizabeth Aguilera\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr/>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a recent rainy morning in Los Angeles, Maria Bernal’s stove clicks to life with a bright blue flame to toast bread on a griddle for her 9-year-old son Edwin to smear with peanut butter. As she scoops papaya chunks into the blender for a smoothie, she recalls her worry during all the years when she couldn’t afford health care and he suffered painful ear infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The waiting six months to get an appointment for Edwin at a county facility. The nights trying to calm him as he cried in constant pain. The months-long wait for each of three surgeries to insert tubes into his ears. The fear when the medical bills arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, she couldn’t afford health care, and he wasn't eligible for regular government-funded Medi-Cal coverage because she had brought Edwin to the United States illegally from Mexico when he was 1. He qualified for a local program and emergency Medi-Cal, but that didn’t provide all the care he needed. Then last year, she heard on TV that California was \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/eligibility/Documents/SB75/SB75_EE_Plan_032116_Final.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">creating a new program\u003c/a> under Medi-Cal to fully cover poor undocumented children. Relieved, she rushed to sign Edwin up. As a result, she says, “I can take him in whenever he needs to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, the ability of Edwin and some 164,000 poor undocumented California children to see a doctor for regular medical care hangs in the balance—with several experts predicting they could be among the first to lose health coverage if the Trump administration carries out its promise to end much of Obamacare, leaving California to try to make up the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, the federal government does pay \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/eligibility/Pages/Medi-CalFAQs2014b.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">limited medical costs\u003c/a> for kids in the country illegally under the restricted-scope Medi-Cal program, which is available to anyone regardless of immigration status for emergency and prenatal services only. Last May, however, California became one of a handful of states to provide \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2016/04/21/48148/medi-cal-for-immigrant-kids-in-us-illegally-starts/\" target=\"_blank\">state-funded full-scope Medi-Cal\u003c/a>, California’s Medicaid program. About 71 percent of the program is funded by the state, according to the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/eligibility/Pages/SB-75.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Health Care Services\u003c/a>, with 29 percent paid for out of \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/outreach-and-enrollment/downloads/overview-of-eligibility-for-non-citizens-in-medicaid-and-chip.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">federal funds\u003c/a> for emergency coverage. Also of note: Because the federal government funds emergency services, the state shares enrollee information with federal health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2017-18/pdf/BudgetSummary/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">budget proposal\u003c/a>, Gov. Jerry Brown allocated $279.5 million to cover approximately 185,000 kids in the coming year in what the state has dubbed its Health for All Kids program—double what the program was estimated to cost when it was approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the election of Donald Trump, who took office last week, some health policy experts and advocates say the fledgling program is in danger. Assuming the new administration carries out plans to change how Medicaid is funded, California could stand to lose $17 billion the federal government currently provides for the Medi-Cal expansion that California adopted under the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a cut would leave state leaders unable to fully make up the funding difference—and could force them to revisit a decades-old debate over whether the state has an obligation to care for sick children regardless of their immigration status, or should focus limited resources on citizens and legal residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s impossible to precisely predict the ripple effects. But, said Nancy Gomez, organizing director of the health advocacy organization \u003ca href=\"http://Health%20Access%20California\" target=\"_blank\">Health Access California\u003c/a>: “The first things that are going to go are these optional programs. They are not optional to us. But Health for All Kids are discretionary funds and they may be the first to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to make up the gap will be nearly impossible, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These federal cuts to the broader Medi-Cal program would force California policymakers to make some difficult decisions—raise revenue by unprecedented amounts to maintain the current program, cut benefits, reduce eligibility, or make other cuts to the program,” said Laurel Lucia, manager of the Health Care Program at the UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Labor Research and Education\u003c/a>. But, she acknowledged, “if the Legislature decides to take a 'last in, first out' approach to making eligibility cuts in response to federal cuts, state-funded Medi-Cal for undocumented kids would especially be at risk because the expansion started less than one year ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s as is should be, according to those who insist that anyone in the country illegally should not receive state resources—especially if funding is cut short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sacramento should be focused on helping American citizens,” said Robin Hvidston, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://wethepeoplerising.wordpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">We The People Rising\u003c/a>, a Claremont-based organization that fights against legislation that it says promotes illegal immigration. The group opposed the expansion, which she contends is merely an open invitation for illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a program our state cannot afford,” she said. “We have a burgeoning homeless crisis in this state, we have disabled people in this state that need help. This energy and our tax dollars should be going to help our suffering American citizens in this state and not those here illegally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the lawmaker who \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-undocumented-kidswhy-they-could-be-first-to-lose-medical-care-under-trump/\" target=\"_blank\">authored\u003c/a> the expansion to cover undocumented children, Democratic Sen. Ricardo Lara of Los Angeles, has vowed to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will fight to ensure that they remain a priority population in terms of receiving adequate healthcare and meeting their health needs,” Lara said. “It makes economic sense, it’s the moral thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in an unmistakable sign that the Democratic-controlled state is changing tactics in response to a less receptive White House, California recently \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/california-withdraws-bid-to-allow-undocumented-immigrants-to-buy-unsubsidized-obamacare-plans/\" target=\"_blank\">retracted\u003c/a> its request for a federal waiver that it had hoped would allow undocumented immigrants of all ages to buy unsubsidized health care via California’s Affordable Care Act exchange. Lara labeled it the “first California casualty of the Trump presidency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the state could always renew its quest for such a waiver, but won’t until it first ensures that the state can protect the data immigrants would be sharing with the federal government by using the health exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very clear and apparent that we are dealing with a hostile administration toward our immigration community,” Lara said. “Given the fact that we are working currently on legislation to protect the privacy of the immigrant communities, we felt that it was appropriate to pull the waiver and focus on the fights ahead with the incoming administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump and the Republican-controlled Congress favor establishing caps on Medicaid and changing funding to a block grant formula that sets limits on total spending per state regardless of how many people are in the program. Currently it is funded as an entitlement for all enrollees who qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicaid is the largest insurer in the country, with 73 million people enrolled, mostly low-income or disabled. In California, 13.5 million people are on Medi-Cal, or roughly one in three Californians. The program grew by 3.6 million people when it was expanded under the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found that the proposals to reorganize Medicaid funding would decrease funding by one-third to one-half within a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such federal cuts would trigger a cascade of effects, said Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de Leon (D-Los Angeles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Trump administration decides to remove and take away access to quality healthcare that could possibly drive a budget deficit—and if you drive a budget deficit that means cuts would have to be made,” he said at a health care rally in Los Angeles after the November election. “If cuts have to be made that means other people could be hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others aren’t ready to concede that outcome, and say there are likely alternatives the state can employ to keep as many people covered as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is if Congress has enough votes to change the Medicaid program into a block grant program, California will struggle to maintain its commitment to the 13.5 million people currently covered,” said Gerald Kominski, director of the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. “I suspect the governor and Legislature will give higher priority to cutting covered services rather than cutting the number of beneficiaries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Lara said he hopes the state resists choosing one group over another—adding that he plans to suggest cutting coverage, as the state has done during lean times, or increasing eligibility thresholds in his fight to keep health care for the neediest across all groups, including undocumented children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for 9-year-old Edwin Bernal, he says going to the doctor more often is good for him because of his hearing challenges and ear tubes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_287952\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Bernal, 30, cooks breakfast for her son Edwin Bernal, 9, before school at their home in Los Angeles. His mother fears that under the Trump administration the program will be in danger.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-287952\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/01/UNDOCUMENTED-KIDS-Photo-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Bernal, 30, cooks breakfast for her son Edwin Bernal, 9, before school at their home in Los Angeles. His mother fears that under the Trump administration the program will be in danger. \u003ccite>(Maria J. Avila/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My friends talk to me and I’m like ‘what, what,’ because I can’t hear them that good,” he said. “Same with my mom, she tells me something and I don’t really hear her and I don’t do the stuff she tells me because I can’t hear. So it’s better, I can hear her and I’m not getting in more trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If kids like Edwin lose Medi-Cal overage, their health care will depend largely on where they live. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, the county offers a basic low-cost program to everyone regardless of immigration status and emergency Medi-Cal is expected to still be available. Private insurer Kaiser Permanente also offers a community benefit program for kids without legal status who live near their facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a challenge for us and the patients,” said Chona de Leon, senior vice president and chief operating officer at Eisner Pediatric & Family Center, in downtown Los Angeles, where Edwin has received care since he was a baby. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinics like Eisner would lose the increased funding that has come from previously uninsured patients getting access through the Affordable Care Act. de Leon says they would continue to serve uninsured patients as they always have, although they would have to work hard to find outside funding and donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 11 California counties, including Orange and San Diego, there are no programs for undocumented families to find care for their children outside of charitable clinics and hospital emergency rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Legislature Curbs Free Speech for 'Worthy' Goal -- Then Come the Lawsuits",
"title": "Legislature Curbs Free Speech for 'Worthy' Goal -- Then Come the Lawsuits",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Back before the internet made it so easy to find a celebrity’s age, a 29-year-old actress landed the role of a 17-year-old girl -- and helped propel “Beverly Hills 90210” into a hit TV show in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the story actress Gabrielle Carteris \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitaldemocracy.org/hearing/1415?startTime=76&vid=z_OciBOfPy0\">told state lawmakers last year\u003c/a> as she lobbied for a bill to strip actors’ ages from commercial websites used in casting. Now the president of the Screen Actors Guild, Carteris said she would never have been able to land the career-making role today because of websites like IMDB.com that publish actors’ ages. In response, lawmakers -- sweeping aside First Amendment concerns that the government doesn’t have the right to keep anyone from publishing information such as a birthdate -- approved \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1687\">Assembly Bill 1687\u003c/a>, and the governor signed it into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law is now being challenged in federal court with a lawsuit that says it amounts to unconstitutional censorship. It’s one of a handful of policies to come out of the Democratic-controlled Legislature that limit unfettered speech -- some of them prompted by pressure from liberal allies such as the actors’ labor union and Planned Parenthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the state has to defend them, taxpayers wind up footing the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government tries to restrict speech in order to serve whatever it sees as important goals,” said Eugene Volokh, a law professor at University of California, Los Angeles, one of several First Amendment scholars who signed an \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0bVbbb-ycumNDNDcVlsX2RKcmVxX1lWdEttTmh3Y0U4MUx3/view?usp=sharing\">amicus brief\u003c/a> supporting IMDB.com in its \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0bVbbb-ycumeWlSMmpiR2FNSXc/view?usp=sharing\">suit against the state\u003c/a> over AB 1687.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually free speech prevails, even against worthy government goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, the “worthy” goal was the Legislature’s desire to shield actors from being discriminated against as they age. Assemblyman Ian Calderon, the Whittier Democrat who wrote AB 1687, said his bill does that without violating the Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature isn’t looking to censor anyone or anything just because we think we can,” he said. “It’s about protecting an industry that is large in this state, that is homegrown to this state, and the folks that work within it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11277732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11277732\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"Assemblyman Ian Calderon (C), with Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia and Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-800x504.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-1180x743.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-960x605.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-240x151.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-375x236.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman Ian Calderon (C), with Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia and Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon. \u003ccite>(CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A different case Volokh litigated last year, on behalf of a gun-rights group called the Firearms Policy Coalition, challenged the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/05/27/california-law-criminalizing-use-of-assembly-video-for-political-purposes/?utm_term=.ba6abbd0bd69\">Assembly’s long-standing rule\u003c/a> that prohibits rebroadcasting public video footage of its proceedings “for any political or commercial purpose.” The firearms group wanted to use government video clips in political ads, and argued that the prohibition infringed on its right to free speech. The Legislature defended the rule, saying it was meant to keep lawmakers from grandstanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal court judge ripped that argument apart in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2016/06/2016-06-22-Firearms-Poly-Coalition-Order-Granting-Preliminary-Injunction.pdf\">sharply worded injunction\u003c/a> that said the Assembly’s rule violated the First Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One person’s ‘grandstanding’ is another’s ‘passionate debate.’ In other words, ‘grandstanding’ is simply ‘speech’ by another name. The State’s interest in preventing such speech is far from compelling,” wrote U.S. District Court Judge Morrison England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature then \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/asm/ab_0851-0900/ab_884_bill_20160831_enrolled.html\">passed a new law\u003c/a> repealing the prohibition on rebroadcasting public video footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First Amendment concerns were also raised last year as the Legislature debated a bill inspired by the revelation of secretly recorded videos of a Planned Parenthood executive. State law already forbids secret recordings; the bill made it an additional crime to distribute a “confidential communication with a health care provider.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lobbyists for the news media feared the bill would inhibit a free press. Publishers and other First Amendment advocates \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjr.org/united_states_project/undercover_video_planned_parenthood.php\">successfully lobbied\u003c/a> for amendments that prevent news organizations from being prosecuted for distributing undercover videos they did not record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, legislative staffers flagged the potential for a lawsuit in their \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1671\">analysis of the bill\u003c/a>, writing that there could be “potentially significant future costs for litigation ... to the extent the provisions of this measure face constitutional challenges under the First Amendment.” Nonetheless, the bill was approved and signed into law in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's impossible to know exactly how much First Amendment legal challenges cost the state, because they are handled by the attorney general's office as part of its overall case load. Free speech advocates in Sacramento expect debates to continue as the media landscape shifts with the evolution of technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The internet is a Wild West of free speech issues,” said Nikki Moore, a lawyer for the California Newspaper Publishers Association. “I don’t expect this to be a dying trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: Democratic lawmakers have already \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article126103934.html\">proposed two new bills\u003c/a> inspired by the “fake news” phenomenon that emerged during presidential campaign. Assembly Bill 155 and Senate Bill 135 call on education officials to craft lessons teaching students to discern which online news stories are trustworthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free speech advocates will be watching to see if Democrats’ response to the latest liberal \u003cem>cause celebre\u003c/em> escalates into a constitutional violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmattters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A handful of policies out of the Democratic-controlled Legislature limit unfettered speech -- and when the state has to defend them, taxpayers wind up footing the bill.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back before the internet made it so easy to find a celebrity’s age, a 29-year-old actress landed the role of a 17-year-old girl -- and helped propel “Beverly Hills 90210” into a hit TV show in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the story actress Gabrielle Carteris \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitaldemocracy.org/hearing/1415?startTime=76&vid=z_OciBOfPy0\">told state lawmakers last year\u003c/a> as she lobbied for a bill to strip actors’ ages from commercial websites used in casting. Now the president of the Screen Actors Guild, Carteris said she would never have been able to land the career-making role today because of websites like IMDB.com that publish actors’ ages. In response, lawmakers -- sweeping aside First Amendment concerns that the government doesn’t have the right to keep anyone from publishing information such as a birthdate -- approved \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1687\">Assembly Bill 1687\u003c/a>, and the governor signed it into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law is now being challenged in federal court with a lawsuit that says it amounts to unconstitutional censorship. It’s one of a handful of policies to come out of the Democratic-controlled Legislature that limit unfettered speech -- some of them prompted by pressure from liberal allies such as the actors’ labor union and Planned Parenthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the state has to defend them, taxpayers wind up footing the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government tries to restrict speech in order to serve whatever it sees as important goals,” said Eugene Volokh, a law professor at University of California, Los Angeles, one of several First Amendment scholars who signed an \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0bVbbb-ycumNDNDcVlsX2RKcmVxX1lWdEttTmh3Y0U4MUx3/view?usp=sharing\">amicus brief\u003c/a> supporting IMDB.com in its \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0bVbbb-ycumeWlSMmpiR2FNSXc/view?usp=sharing\">suit against the state\u003c/a> over AB 1687.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually free speech prevails, even against worthy government goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, the “worthy” goal was the Legislature’s desire to shield actors from being discriminated against as they age. Assemblyman Ian Calderon, the Whittier Democrat who wrote AB 1687, said his bill does that without violating the Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature isn’t looking to censor anyone or anything just because we think we can,” he said. “It’s about protecting an industry that is large in this state, that is homegrown to this state, and the folks that work within it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11277732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11277732\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"Assemblyman Ian Calderon (C), with Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia and Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-800x504.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-1180x743.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-960x605.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-240x151.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-375x236.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Rendon-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman Ian Calderon (C), with Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia and Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon. \u003ccite>(CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A different case Volokh litigated last year, on behalf of a gun-rights group called the Firearms Policy Coalition, challenged the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/05/27/california-law-criminalizing-use-of-assembly-video-for-political-purposes/?utm_term=.ba6abbd0bd69\">Assembly’s long-standing rule\u003c/a> that prohibits rebroadcasting public video footage of its proceedings “for any political or commercial purpose.” The firearms group wanted to use government video clips in political ads, and argued that the prohibition infringed on its right to free speech. The Legislature defended the rule, saying it was meant to keep lawmakers from grandstanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal court judge ripped that argument apart in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2016/06/2016-06-22-Firearms-Poly-Coalition-Order-Granting-Preliminary-Injunction.pdf\">sharply worded injunction\u003c/a> that said the Assembly’s rule violated the First Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One person’s ‘grandstanding’ is another’s ‘passionate debate.’ In other words, ‘grandstanding’ is simply ‘speech’ by another name. The State’s interest in preventing such speech is far from compelling,” wrote U.S. District Court Judge Morrison England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature then \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/asm/ab_0851-0900/ab_884_bill_20160831_enrolled.html\">passed a new law\u003c/a> repealing the prohibition on rebroadcasting public video footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First Amendment concerns were also raised last year as the Legislature debated a bill inspired by the revelation of secretly recorded videos of a Planned Parenthood executive. State law already forbids secret recordings; the bill made it an additional crime to distribute a “confidential communication with a health care provider.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lobbyists for the news media feared the bill would inhibit a free press. Publishers and other First Amendment advocates \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjr.org/united_states_project/undercover_video_planned_parenthood.php\">successfully lobbied\u003c/a> for amendments that prevent news organizations from being prosecuted for distributing undercover videos they did not record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, legislative staffers flagged the potential for a lawsuit in their \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1671\">analysis of the bill\u003c/a>, writing that there could be “potentially significant future costs for litigation ... to the extent the provisions of this measure face constitutional challenges under the First Amendment.” Nonetheless, the bill was approved and signed into law in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's impossible to know exactly how much First Amendment legal challenges cost the state, because they are handled by the attorney general's office as part of its overall case load. Free speech advocates in Sacramento expect debates to continue as the media landscape shifts with the evolution of technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The internet is a Wild West of free speech issues,” said Nikki Moore, a lawyer for the California Newspaper Publishers Association. “I don’t expect this to be a dying trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: Democratic lawmakers have already \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article126103934.html\">proposed two new bills\u003c/a> inspired by the “fake news” phenomenon that emerged during presidential campaign. Assembly Bill 155 and Senate Bill 135 call on education officials to craft lessons teaching students to discern which online news stories are trustworthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free speech advocates will be watching to see if Democrats’ response to the latest liberal \u003cem>cause celebre\u003c/em> escalates into a constitutional violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmattters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "obama-just-expanded-protections-along-californias-coast-can-trump-undo-them",
"title": "Obama Just Expanded Protections Along California's Coast -- Can Trump Undo Them?",
"publishDate": 1484382621,
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"headTitle": "Obama Just Expanded Protections Along California’s Coast — Can Trump Undo Them? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In what is likely Barack Obama’s final environmental action before Donald Trump moves into the White House, the president has just expanded the existing \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/California_Coastal_NM.html\">California Coastal National Monument\u003c/a> — adding a mix of lighthouses, rocky outcroppings, stands of redwoods and significant Native American grounds that will be knitted into the existing federal preserve on and off the coast from Humboldt County to Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was applauded by environmentalists who feel a greater urgency to shore up conservation gains before the Obama administration is ushered out. Given the general anti-environmental tenor in Congress, and the Trump administration’s uncertain and unexpressed view on conservation issues, some groups saw the announcement as important not so much because it afforded the California sites protection from encroaching development, but because those areas would be spared from a questionable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, monument designations or other categories of protection aim to shield special places from more imminent threats such as energy exploration, logging or other commercial development. In the case of the California additions, there were few such threats. The fear here was of the unknown — that the desirable coastal land could have eventually been yanked away from federal managers and placed in the hands of those willing to sacrifice its environmental and cultural value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The great thing is that this ensures that these areas remain part of the public lands system,” said Dan Smuts, senior director of the Pacific region for the Wilderness Society. “It precludes the government disposing of these lands. Given that they are small, scattered parcels along the coast, they are supremely valuable, and it’s important that they be kept in the public estate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11268003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11268003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"The Cotoni-Coast Dairies site in Santa Cruz County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-375x244.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-520x338.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cotoni-Coast Dairies site in Santa Cruz County. \u003ccite>(BLM file photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Western conservatives have been increasingly pressing the federal government to surrender lands it now owns, and the Republican-controlled Congress has taken up the campaign. On the first day back in session earlier this month, the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/03/house-gop-rules-change-would-make-it-easier-to-sell-off-federal-land/?utm_term=.487b86a8799d\">made it easier to transfer federal land\u003c/a> to states or local entities by overturning a rule requiring a calculation of the value of federal land before such a transfer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A host of legislators in the intermountain West, led by Utah Gov. Gary Herbert, have long been clamoring for U.S. land management agencies to cede control of federal land to states, which bridle at being managed from Washington. The federal government is the West’s biggest landlord, and the idea of wresting control of vast tracts of deserts and forests is an enduring and uniquely Western motif.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our coast belongs to all Californians, and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future.’\u003ccite>Sarah Rose, California League of Conservation Voters\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump spent scant time discussing public lands issues, which would understandably be unfamiliar to a lifelong New Yorker. Trump’s home state contains less than 1 percent federal land. By comparison, nearly 48 percent of the land in California is held by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Trump’s personal conservation views are something of a cipher, activists worry that partisanship in Washington could drown out support for even the most laudable projects. Land conservation has historically been somewhat sheltered from the partisan ideology that surrounds other environmental issues, but an anti-government groundswell has made compromise on federal land protections more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an ideological opposition to the federal government owning and managing even an acre of land,” Smuts said. “We are clear-eyed that it will be difficult to make conservation gains in this administration and this Congress. But in my time I have seen the pendulum swing from pro-conservation administrations and back. We have been successful in getting important areas protected under Democrats and Republicans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups lined up Thursday to praise Obama, and to cast a wary glance at the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11268006\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11268006\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Lost Coast Headlands in Humboldt County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lost Coast Headlands in Humboldt County. \u003ccite>(BLMCalifornia/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our coast belongs to all Californians and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future,” said California League of Conservation Voters CEO Sarah Rose in a statement. “With the new presidential administration about to take office, it is crucial we act to make certain our magnificent landscapes and wildlife continue to belong to all of us now, and for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama’s proclamation not only adds 6,200 acres to the existing monument, it significantly amplifies the protections afforded the new sites, which will be managed by the federal Bureau of Land Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama made the addition by using the Antiquities Act, which allows the president to set aside tracts of federal land or significant places for protection, without the consent of Congress. That 1906 law — which gives the executive authority to bypass Congress — has in recent years enraged some Republicans, who see it as a cudgel and frequently characterize its use as “federal land grabs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike executive orders, which can be undone with the stroke of a presidential pen, monument designations cannot be rescinded by a successor. While some in Washington believe Congress has the right to claw back the decisions, there has not yet been a legal challenge to a presidential monument proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fMnrFkyHLBgA2iSNeGtY10xBBs2EO8tb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could change under a Trump administration. Among the bills taking aim at the Antiquities Act is one proffered this month by Sen. Lisa Murkowski, a Republican from Alaska. The proposal, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republican-news?ID=4665A6D3-568B-4537-A504-F43C01BC6FBD\">Improved National Monument Designation Process Act\u003c/a>, would require future national monuments receive approval not only from Congress before designation, but also from the legislature in the state or states affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other monument designations made Thursday were three historically significant civil rights sites in Alabama and South Carolina, as well as an expansion of the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument in Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups in California had long campaigned for adding the sites to the monument, which was first established in 2000 and expanded by Obama in 2014. That cause was championed by Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer, whose bill to expand the monument stalled before her retirement this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal monument is a unique preserve, encompassing rocks and small islands critical for marine species, and historic and cultural sites on beaches and headlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sites added are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Trinidad Head (Humboldt County) — a 60-acre headland reaching into Trinidad Harbor, with a historic lighthouse.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Lost Coast Headlands (Humboldt County) — a former Navy installation on coastal bluffs that provide plant and wildlife habitat.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Waluplh-Lighthouse Ranch (Humboldt County) — site of a former 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century lighthouse with views of the Eel River Delta, the Pacific and parts of Humboldt Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Cotoni-Coast Dairies (Santa Cruz County) — a former dairy and industrial site that is now habitat for rare animals. The waters are home to whales and other marine mammals.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Piedras Blancas (San Luis Obispo County) — a historic lighthouse and an area with cultural significance to the Chumash and Salinan tribes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Rocks and islands (Orange County) — formations that provide roosting habitat for sea birds and “haul-out” or resting areas for seals and sea lions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The first land-based expansion of the California Coastal National Monument came in 2014, when Obama included what came to be called \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/style/medialib/blm/ca/nlcs/California_Coastal_NM/docs.Par.93458.File.dat/Proclamation%209089.pdf\">Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands\u003c/a>, about 1,665 acres north of the town of Point Arena in Mendocino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit media venture explaining California’s policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The expansion of the California Coastal National Monument, lauded by environmentalists, includes significant Native American grounds.",
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"title": "Obama Just Expanded Protections Along California's Coast -- Can Trump Undo Them? | KQED",
"description": "The expansion of the California Coastal National Monument, lauded by environmentalists, includes significant Native American grounds.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/julie-cart/\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In what is likely Barack Obama’s final environmental action before Donald Trump moves into the White House, the president has just expanded the existing \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/California_Coastal_NM.html\">California Coastal National Monument\u003c/a> — adding a mix of lighthouses, rocky outcroppings, stands of redwoods and significant Native American grounds that will be knitted into the existing federal preserve on and off the coast from Humboldt County to Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was applauded by environmentalists who feel a greater urgency to shore up conservation gains before the Obama administration is ushered out. Given the general anti-environmental tenor in Congress, and the Trump administration’s uncertain and unexpressed view on conservation issues, some groups saw the announcement as important not so much because it afforded the California sites protection from encroaching development, but because those areas would be spared from a questionable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, monument designations or other categories of protection aim to shield special places from more imminent threats such as energy exploration, logging or other commercial development. In the case of the California additions, there were few such threats. The fear here was of the unknown — that the desirable coastal land could have eventually been yanked away from federal managers and placed in the hands of those willing to sacrifice its environmental and cultural value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The great thing is that this ensures that these areas remain part of the public lands system,” said Dan Smuts, senior director of the Pacific region for the Wilderness Society. “It precludes the government disposing of these lands. Given that they are small, scattered parcels along the coast, they are supremely valuable, and it’s important that they be kept in the public estate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11268003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11268003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"The Cotoni-Coast Dairies site in Santa Cruz County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-375x244.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-520x338.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cotoni-Coast Dairies site in Santa Cruz County. \u003ccite>(BLM file photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Western conservatives have been increasingly pressing the federal government to surrender lands it now owns, and the Republican-controlled Congress has taken up the campaign. On the first day back in session earlier this month, the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/03/house-gop-rules-change-would-make-it-easier-to-sell-off-federal-land/?utm_term=.487b86a8799d\">made it easier to transfer federal land\u003c/a> to states or local entities by overturning a rule requiring a calculation of the value of federal land before such a transfer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A host of legislators in the intermountain West, led by Utah Gov. Gary Herbert, have long been clamoring for U.S. land management agencies to cede control of federal land to states, which bridle at being managed from Washington. The federal government is the West’s biggest landlord, and the idea of wresting control of vast tracts of deserts and forests is an enduring and uniquely Western motif.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our coast belongs to all Californians, and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future.’\u003ccite>Sarah Rose, California League of Conservation Voters\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump spent scant time discussing public lands issues, which would understandably be unfamiliar to a lifelong New Yorker. Trump’s home state contains less than 1 percent federal land. By comparison, nearly 48 percent of the land in California is held by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Trump’s personal conservation views are something of a cipher, activists worry that partisanship in Washington could drown out support for even the most laudable projects. Land conservation has historically been somewhat sheltered from the partisan ideology that surrounds other environmental issues, but an anti-government groundswell has made compromise on federal land protections more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an ideological opposition to the federal government owning and managing even an acre of land,” Smuts said. “We are clear-eyed that it will be difficult to make conservation gains in this administration and this Congress. But in my time I have seen the pendulum swing from pro-conservation administrations and back. We have been successful in getting important areas protected under Democrats and Republicans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups lined up Thursday to praise Obama, and to cast a wary glance at the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11268006\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11268006\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Lost Coast Headlands in Humboldt County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lost Coast Headlands in Humboldt County. \u003ccite>(BLMCalifornia/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our coast belongs to all Californians and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future,” said California League of Conservation Voters CEO Sarah Rose in a statement. “With the new presidential administration about to take office, it is crucial we act to make certain our magnificent landscapes and wildlife continue to belong to all of us now, and for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama’s proclamation not only adds 6,200 acres to the existing monument, it significantly amplifies the protections afforded the new sites, which will be managed by the federal Bureau of Land Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama made the addition by using the Antiquities Act, which allows the president to set aside tracts of federal land or significant places for protection, without the consent of Congress. That 1906 law — which gives the executive authority to bypass Congress — has in recent years enraged some Republicans, who see it as a cudgel and frequently characterize its use as “federal land grabs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike executive orders, which can be undone with the stroke of a presidential pen, monument designations cannot be rescinded by a successor. While some in Washington believe Congress has the right to claw back the decisions, there has not yet been a legal challenge to a presidential monument proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could change under a Trump administration. Among the bills taking aim at the Antiquities Act is one proffered this month by Sen. Lisa Murkowski, a Republican from Alaska. The proposal, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republican-news?ID=4665A6D3-568B-4537-A504-F43C01BC6FBD\">Improved National Monument Designation Process Act\u003c/a>, would require future national monuments receive approval not only from Congress before designation, but also from the legislature in the state or states affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other monument designations made Thursday were three historically significant civil rights sites in Alabama and South Carolina, as well as an expansion of the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument in Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups in California had long campaigned for adding the sites to the monument, which was first established in 2000 and expanded by Obama in 2014. That cause was championed by Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer, whose bill to expand the monument stalled before her retirement this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal monument is a unique preserve, encompassing rocks and small islands critical for marine species, and historic and cultural sites on beaches and headlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sites added are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Trinidad Head (Humboldt County) — a 60-acre headland reaching into Trinidad Harbor, with a historic lighthouse.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Lost Coast Headlands (Humboldt County) — a former Navy installation on coastal bluffs that provide plant and wildlife habitat.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Waluplh-Lighthouse Ranch (Humboldt County) — site of a former 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century lighthouse with views of the Eel River Delta, the Pacific and parts of Humboldt Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Cotoni-Coast Dairies (Santa Cruz County) — a former dairy and industrial site that is now habitat for rare animals. The waters are home to whales and other marine mammals.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Piedras Blancas (San Luis Obispo County) — a historic lighthouse and an area with cultural significance to the Chumash and Salinan tribes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Rocks and islands (Orange County) — formations that provide roosting habitat for sea birds and “haul-out” or resting areas for seals and sea lions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The first land-based expansion of the California Coastal National Monument came in 2014, when Obama included what came to be called \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/style/medialib/blm/ca/nlcs/California_Coastal_NM/docs.Par.93458.File.dat/Proclamation%209089.pdf\">Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands\u003c/a>, about 1,665 acres north of the town of Point Arena in Mendocino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit media venture explaining California’s policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Branding Bud: Marijuana Companies Want California to Issue Trademarks for Pot",
"title": "Branding Bud: Marijuana Companies Want California to Issue Trademarks for Pot",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The sandwich baggie brimming with buds is gradually becoming a thing of the past in California. In its place, an era of name-brand marijuana is emerging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celebrities -- including actress \u003ca href=\"http://whoopiandmaya.com/\">Whoopi Goldberg\u003c/a>, rapper \u003ca href=\"http://www.leafsbysnoop.com/\">Snoop Dogg\u003c/a>, rocker \u003ca href=\"http://blog.sfgate.com/smellthetruth/2016/09/06/melissa-etheridge-farms-marijuana-products-coming-to-a-dispensary-near-you/\">Melissa Etheridge\u003c/a> and the family of reggae legend \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/02/05/bob-marley-marijuana-brand/\">Bob Marley\u003c/a> -- are branding their own herb. Law firms have sprouted to help marijuana sellers brand their goods. Pretty packages of cannabis-infused products bear labels like “Highland Pantry” (almond butter), “Madame Munchie” (cookies) and “Sweet ReLeaf” (skin cream).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branded pot products gained footing in recent years as California sanctioned medical use of marijuana, and other states began permitting recreational use. Now that California voters have approved \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/proposition/proposition-64-legalizing-marijuana/\">a ballot measure\u003c/a> allowing all adults to use the drug, cannabis businesses want more authority to brand their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But officially trademarking marijuana is a tricky legal task. The federal government still considers it an illegal drug, and won’t grant patents or trademarks for pot or anything made from it. Cannabis brands fear they are at risk of being copied. So marijuana businesses in California -- eyeing what could become a \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4466338/california-marijuana-legalization-vote-revenue/\">$6.4 billion industry\u003c/a> -- have turned to the state government for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not being able to trademark your brand is a huge setback if you’re trying to get capital investment,\" said Nate Bradley, who lobbies for marijuana sellers as the executive director of California Cannabis Industry Association. \"If you’re not able to protect what you’re asking people to invest in, you’re not likely to get investments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"KtlZeChDy35HvEYGKSBQ4vAjacRA2Yyu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill recently introduced in the Legislature would create a state-level trademark for California cannabis products, providing marijuana businesses new legal protections and greater access to cash from investors as the state ushers in a sanctioned commercial marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California secretary of state already has the power to register state-level trademarks, but only for items recognized by federal trademark law. \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB64\">Assembly Bill 64\u003c/a> would change that by allowing the secretary of state to register trademarks for cannabis goods and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cannabis businesses are like other businesses, lawful and regulated. They should be able to protect their intellectual property,\" said bill author Assemblyman Rob Bonta, a Democrat from Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trademarks will help bring marijuana vendors “out of the shadows,” he said, and also help consumers by assuring that “you’re going to get a certain quality or product when you purchase these goods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11266716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11266716\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Alameda Assemblyman Rob Bonta, sponsor of legislation to allow the state to trademark pot products.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alameda Assemblyman Rob Bonta, sponsor of legislation to allow the state to trademark pot products. \u003ccite>(Steve Yeater/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The secretary of state's office has not yet taken a position on the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far law enforcement groups, many of which opposed the ballot measure to legalize marijuana, are not speaking out against the move toward branding. Lauren Michaels, a lobbyist for the California Police Chiefs Association, said her group is focused on making sure that branded products aren’t advertised in a way that appeals to children. Police chiefs are supporting Bonta’s bill because it would restrict marijuana billboards near freeways. AB 64 also would speed up funding to establish \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/article/11019100/how-can-you-tell-if-a-driver-is-stoned\">standards for impaired driving\u003c/a> and allow recreational marijuana to be sold through \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/budding-confusion-split-over-whether-prop-64-would-allow-on-demand-marijuana-delivery/\">web-based delivery services\u003c/a> -- both contentious points in the initiative campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill already has some bipartisan support, including a Republican co-author. Still, some GOP lawmakers are wary. Senate Republican leader Jean Fuller of Bakersfield said she doesn’t yet have a position on the bill, but cautioned that \"it's always precarious for a state to take on the federal government and make laws that are in conflict.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy is being considered in Sacramento as the nation prepares for a new federal government that could be more hostile to states that have permitted marijuana. U.S. Sen. Jeff Sessions of Alabama, who is Republican President-elect Donald Trump’s nominee for attorney general, has criticized the Obama administration for its hands-off approach. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/01/10/sessions-on-enforcing-federal-marijuana-laws-it-wont-be-an-easy-decision/?utm_term=.766ebe1471eb\">confirmation hearing this week\u003c/a> Sessions stopped short of saying he would go after states that have regulated pot, leaving marijuana advocates and state officials unsure of his plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked how Sessions as U.S. attorney general could impact marijuana policy in California, Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown said he had \"no idea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes you take a step forward and then a step back,\" Brown said during a Capitol budget press conference this week. “I think people will continue to be able to satisfy this particular need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rzxslDUHLF6P5qTHAJaCXYxq2xV3HExb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado and Washington -- two states that legalized recreational marijuana a few years ago -- already offer state-level trademarks for pot products, said attorney Amanda Conley, a founder of the National Cannabis Bar Association. Her Brand and Branch law firm in Oakland helps cannabis businesses navigate legal issues related to branding and trademarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a state-level trademark in California, businesses that want to sell cannabis under a brand name here must find a legal hack around the federal ban on trademarking pot. Conley said she advises companies to seek a federal trademark for the federally lawful goods and services they offer that do not themselves include marijuana. For instance, an entrepreneur could seek to trademark an informative website about the medical uses of marijuana, or the rechargeable batteries used with vaping pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleek cases holding such pipes and batteries were on display at a Sacramento dispensary, where bottles of “Cannabis Quencher” juices and packages of “Heavenly Sweet” cookies stood near aromatic jars of indica and sativa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most patients ask for products based on the desired effect -- a sleep aid, or something to relieve pain -- said Kimberly Cargile, who runs the dispensary called A Therapeutic Alternative. But, she said, \"they're starting to more and more ask for brand names.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cargile said she expects to see more of that as the shop prepares for newly required state packaging rules. Plastic Ziplocs will be phased out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the future,\" she said, \"it will all be packaged and branded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news venture focused on covering state policy and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new bill would create a state-level trademark for cannabis products, providing businesses new legal protections. What the feds will do is unclear.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/laurel-rosenhall/\">Laurel Rosenhall\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The sandwich baggie brimming with buds is gradually becoming a thing of the past in California. In its place, an era of name-brand marijuana is emerging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celebrities -- including actress \u003ca href=\"http://whoopiandmaya.com/\">Whoopi Goldberg\u003c/a>, rapper \u003ca href=\"http://www.leafsbysnoop.com/\">Snoop Dogg\u003c/a>, rocker \u003ca href=\"http://blog.sfgate.com/smellthetruth/2016/09/06/melissa-etheridge-farms-marijuana-products-coming-to-a-dispensary-near-you/\">Melissa Etheridge\u003c/a> and the family of reggae legend \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/02/05/bob-marley-marijuana-brand/\">Bob Marley\u003c/a> -- are branding their own herb. Law firms have sprouted to help marijuana sellers brand their goods. Pretty packages of cannabis-infused products bear labels like “Highland Pantry” (almond butter), “Madame Munchie” (cookies) and “Sweet ReLeaf” (skin cream).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branded pot products gained footing in recent years as California sanctioned medical use of marijuana, and other states began permitting recreational use. Now that California voters have approved \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/proposition/proposition-64-legalizing-marijuana/\">a ballot measure\u003c/a> allowing all adults to use the drug, cannabis businesses want more authority to brand their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But officially trademarking marijuana is a tricky legal task. The federal government still considers it an illegal drug, and won’t grant patents or trademarks for pot or anything made from it. Cannabis brands fear they are at risk of being copied. So marijuana businesses in California -- eyeing what could become a \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4466338/california-marijuana-legalization-vote-revenue/\">$6.4 billion industry\u003c/a> -- have turned to the state government for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not being able to trademark your brand is a huge setback if you’re trying to get capital investment,\" said Nate Bradley, who lobbies for marijuana sellers as the executive director of California Cannabis Industry Association. \"If you’re not able to protect what you’re asking people to invest in, you’re not likely to get investments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill recently introduced in the Legislature would create a state-level trademark for California cannabis products, providing marijuana businesses new legal protections and greater access to cash from investors as the state ushers in a sanctioned commercial marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California secretary of state already has the power to register state-level trademarks, but only for items recognized by federal trademark law. \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB64\">Assembly Bill 64\u003c/a> would change that by allowing the secretary of state to register trademarks for cannabis goods and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cannabis businesses are like other businesses, lawful and regulated. They should be able to protect their intellectual property,\" said bill author Assemblyman Rob Bonta, a Democrat from Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trademarks will help bring marijuana vendors “out of the shadows,” he said, and also help consumers by assuring that “you’re going to get a certain quality or product when you purchase these goods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11266716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11266716\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Alameda Assemblyman Rob Bonta, sponsor of legislation to allow the state to trademark pot products.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RobBonta-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alameda Assemblyman Rob Bonta, sponsor of legislation to allow the state to trademark pot products. \u003ccite>(Steve Yeater/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The secretary of state's office has not yet taken a position on the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far law enforcement groups, many of which opposed the ballot measure to legalize marijuana, are not speaking out against the move toward branding. Lauren Michaels, a lobbyist for the California Police Chiefs Association, said her group is focused on making sure that branded products aren’t advertised in a way that appeals to children. Police chiefs are supporting Bonta’s bill because it would restrict marijuana billboards near freeways. AB 64 also would speed up funding to establish \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/article/11019100/how-can-you-tell-if-a-driver-is-stoned\">standards for impaired driving\u003c/a> and allow recreational marijuana to be sold through \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/budding-confusion-split-over-whether-prop-64-would-allow-on-demand-marijuana-delivery/\">web-based delivery services\u003c/a> -- both contentious points in the initiative campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill already has some bipartisan support, including a Republican co-author. Still, some GOP lawmakers are wary. Senate Republican leader Jean Fuller of Bakersfield said she doesn’t yet have a position on the bill, but cautioned that \"it's always precarious for a state to take on the federal government and make laws that are in conflict.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy is being considered in Sacramento as the nation prepares for a new federal government that could be more hostile to states that have permitted marijuana. U.S. Sen. Jeff Sessions of Alabama, who is Republican President-elect Donald Trump’s nominee for attorney general, has criticized the Obama administration for its hands-off approach. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/01/10/sessions-on-enforcing-federal-marijuana-laws-it-wont-be-an-easy-decision/?utm_term=.766ebe1471eb\">confirmation hearing this week\u003c/a> Sessions stopped short of saying he would go after states that have regulated pot, leaving marijuana advocates and state officials unsure of his plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked how Sessions as U.S. attorney general could impact marijuana policy in California, Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown said he had \"no idea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes you take a step forward and then a step back,\" Brown said during a Capitol budget press conference this week. “I think people will continue to be able to satisfy this particular need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado and Washington -- two states that legalized recreational marijuana a few years ago -- already offer state-level trademarks for pot products, said attorney Amanda Conley, a founder of the National Cannabis Bar Association. Her Brand and Branch law firm in Oakland helps cannabis businesses navigate legal issues related to branding and trademarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a state-level trademark in California, businesses that want to sell cannabis under a brand name here must find a legal hack around the federal ban on trademarking pot. Conley said she advises companies to seek a federal trademark for the federally lawful goods and services they offer that do not themselves include marijuana. For instance, an entrepreneur could seek to trademark an informative website about the medical uses of marijuana, or the rechargeable batteries used with vaping pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleek cases holding such pipes and batteries were on display at a Sacramento dispensary, where bottles of “Cannabis Quencher” juices and packages of “Heavenly Sweet” cookies stood near aromatic jars of indica and sativa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most patients ask for products based on the desired effect -- a sleep aid, or something to relieve pain -- said Kimberly Cargile, who runs the dispensary called A Therapeutic Alternative. But, she said, \"they're starting to more and more ask for brand names.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cargile said she expects to see more of that as the shop prepares for newly required state packaging rules. Plastic Ziplocs will be phased out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the future,\" she said, \"it will all be packaged and branded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news venture focused on covering state policy and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's New Legislators: Just Like You?",
"title": "California's New Legislators: Just Like You?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>There are more white men named Jim in the California Legislature than black and Asian-American women, combined. And that’s not even including another white James. Or a Latino Jimmy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new legislative session begins in earnest this week, and a fresh class of legislators will influence everything from how bad your commute is to the quality of the air you breathe. But while California prides itself on diversity, is that diversity reflected in the Capitol?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new interactive tool from \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a> allows anyone to find out how many of California’s legislators are just like them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LegislatorsLikeYou]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters sent dozens of new faces to Sacramento last November. In many ways, the new Legislature is as reflective of the state’s diverse population as any in recent memory. But some Californians remain sorely underrepresented in their state government. Here’s a breakdown of how the state Legislature and the population it represents stacks up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s missing from the Legislature?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Women: The lack of female legislators is perhaps the most glaring difference between Californians outside of the Capitol and those within it. Twenty-two percent of state legislators are women, the lowest percentage since the early 1990s. Slightly more than half of Californians are female.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Latinos: While the number of Latino legislators is on the upswing, California’s largest nonwhite ethnic group is still underrepresented in Sacramento. Twenty-three percent of California’s state lawmakers are Latino, compared to just under 40 percent of the population as a whole.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People Who Make Less Than $100,000: Cheating a little here, but it’s noteworthy that legislators’ salaries put them in an income bracket well above your average Californian. The median income for a California household in 2015 was about $62,000 -- about $40,000 short of what a legislator makes. California legislators are the highest paid of any state lawmakers in the country.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/52e40045-47ba-4794-8a90-30a36425a2c4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s overrepresented?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Whites -- and specifically white men -- and very specifically white men named Jim: In a state where 60 percent of the population consists of people of color, just over 45 percent of lawmakers are non-white. White males alone account for nearly half of the Legislature.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People in their 40s, 50s and 60s: Baby Boomers and Gen Xers dominate the California Legislature. While Californians under age 40 comprise about 40 percent of the state’s adult population, they make up only 23 percent of lawmakers. Part of that is simply a function of experience -- it’s hard to have a compelling political resume in your 20s. But a handful of young legislators are challenging that norm.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gays and Lesbians: Although it’s difficult to get a precise count of LGBT people in California, one well-respected estimate places the proportion at about 4.6 percent of the population. Eight state lawmakers are openly gay, making up nearly 7 percent of the Legislature. There are, however, no transgender legislators.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/7a6fb5c1-2597-459e-8c52-e286aaa0ea6a\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to look at the diversity (or lack thereof) of lawmakers in a vacuum. But how does the California Legislature compare to those of other large states with diverse populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chart below contrasts the ethnic demographics of California, Texas, Florida and New York with the demographics of their state legislators. In this context, California legislators appear much more reflective of their communities than those of Texas, the state with the second-largest Latino population in the country. However, the proportion of nonwhite state legislators from New York and Florida more closely matches the demographics of their states than is the case in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/5f74b9f8-93d6-47a0-85a4-062650026d88\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the question of how well legislators reflect their constituents extends well beyond any legislator’s ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. And just because a legislator mirrors the demographic profile of a given voter does not mean that lawmaker necessarily reflects that voter's ideological disposition, nor does it mean he or she is an especially effective legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's just hope the name \"Jim\" is associated with good policymaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/f4f8eef7-238a-42d2-b2ff-25b48dd41d4b\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news venture devoted to covering state policy and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California prides itself on diversity, but is that diversity reflected in the Capitol? There are more white men named Jim in the Legislature than black and Asian-American women, combined.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are more white men named Jim in the California Legislature than black and Asian-American women, combined. And that’s not even including another white James. Or a Latino Jimmy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new legislative session begins in earnest this week, and a fresh class of legislators will influence everything from how bad your commute is to the quality of the air you breathe. But while California prides itself on diversity, is that diversity reflected in the Capitol?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new interactive tool from \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a> allows anyone to find out how many of California’s legislators are just like them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LegislatorsLikeYou]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters sent dozens of new faces to Sacramento last November. In many ways, the new Legislature is as reflective of the state’s diverse population as any in recent memory. But some Californians remain sorely underrepresented in their state government. Here’s a breakdown of how the state Legislature and the population it represents stacks up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s missing from the Legislature?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Women: The lack of female legislators is perhaps the most glaring difference between Californians outside of the Capitol and those within it. Twenty-two percent of state legislators are women, the lowest percentage since the early 1990s. Slightly more than half of Californians are female.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Latinos: While the number of Latino legislators is on the upswing, California’s largest nonwhite ethnic group is still underrepresented in Sacramento. Twenty-three percent of California’s state lawmakers are Latino, compared to just under 40 percent of the population as a whole.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People Who Make Less Than $100,000: Cheating a little here, but it’s noteworthy that legislators’ salaries put them in an income bracket well above your average Californian. The median income for a California household in 2015 was about $62,000 -- about $40,000 short of what a legislator makes. California legislators are the highest paid of any state lawmakers in the country.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/52e40045-47ba-4794-8a90-30a36425a2c4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s overrepresented?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Whites -- and specifically white men -- and very specifically white men named Jim: In a state where 60 percent of the population consists of people of color, just over 45 percent of lawmakers are non-white. White males alone account for nearly half of the Legislature.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People in their 40s, 50s and 60s: Baby Boomers and Gen Xers dominate the California Legislature. While Californians under age 40 comprise about 40 percent of the state’s adult population, they make up only 23 percent of lawmakers. Part of that is simply a function of experience -- it’s hard to have a compelling political resume in your 20s. But a handful of young legislators are challenging that norm.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gays and Lesbians: Although it’s difficult to get a precise count of LGBT people in California, one well-respected estimate places the proportion at about 4.6 percent of the population. Eight state lawmakers are openly gay, making up nearly 7 percent of the Legislature. There are, however, no transgender legislators.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/7a6fb5c1-2597-459e-8c52-e286aaa0ea6a\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to look at the diversity (or lack thereof) of lawmakers in a vacuum. But how does the California Legislature compare to those of other large states with diverse populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chart below contrasts the ethnic demographics of California, Texas, Florida and New York with the demographics of their state legislators. In this context, California legislators appear much more reflective of their communities than those of Texas, the state with the second-largest Latino population in the country. However, the proportion of nonwhite state legislators from New York and Florida more closely matches the demographics of their states than is the case in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/5f74b9f8-93d6-47a0-85a4-062650026d88\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the question of how well legislators reflect their constituents extends well beyond any legislator’s ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. And just because a legislator mirrors the demographic profile of a given voter does not mean that lawmaker necessarily reflects that voter's ideological disposition, nor does it mean he or she is an especially effective legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's just hope the name \"Jim\" is associated with good policymaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/f4f8eef7-238a-42d2-b2ff-25b48dd41d4b\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news venture devoted to covering state policy and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Symbolic, Superstitious or Silly—Legislators Scramble for Bill Numbers",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the Legislature opened a new two-year session this month, staffers lined up before 9 a.m. to hand freshly written bills to the clerk, who assigns them an all-important number. Whether a bill lives or dies won’t be known for many months, but the work to nab the right bill number starts the minute the session opens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/299913962\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First up in the state Senate: a bill by Sen. Jim Beall (D-San Jose) that would raise gas taxes and car registration fees to pay for a backlog of road repairs. The plan envisions spending $6 billion a year for the next decade fixing roads, bridges and transit systems—repairs that have been delayed for years and are now widely seen as urgent. After getting its official stamp, the legislation became Senate Bill 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you put number one on the bill, that means it’s a high priority,” said Beall, who’s worked unsuccessfully for the last two years to pass similar legislation. “Whether or not that means, in the final analysis, that people vote for it is another question. But it indicates that it’s a priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics is full of symbolism and it’s no different when it comes to the arcane system of numbering bills. With the start of a new session of the California Legislature, the numbering begins anew. And if past years are any indication, laws proposed in the coming months will be slapped with clever, silly and superstitious numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In past years, a bill dealing with optometry was AB 2020. Legislation about emergency phone lines was AB 911. A proposal to change gambling licenses got lucky number 777. And an Assembly bill declaring denim the official state fabric carried the number of a famous pair of jeans: 501.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some numbers are very important to members,” said Bernadette McNulty, the Senate official who gives bills their numbers. “I try to accommodate that as much as I can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, assigning bill numbers is haphazard. Legislative staff line up at McNulty’s desk inside the Senate chambers and she stamps bills in the order received. “Who’s 56? 56 next,” she called out on a recent afternoon as a senator’s staffer stepped up to hand her a new bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But timing is critical because McNulty and her counterpart in the Assembly won’t skip numbers. Take 420 — the number that became a code after some stoners popularized their tradition of getting high at 4:20 p.m. Now it’s a number senators request for bills dealing with marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m in the process and I’m at 410, I’ll call them and say, ‘Bring the (folder) down,’ ” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Legislature processing thousands of bills each session, symbolic numbers help lawmakers market their bills, providing fodder for social media slogans or nerdy humor. When Sen. Mike McGuire last year presented his SB 747 — a bill dealing with airport funding — the Healdsburg Democrat opened his speech joking that “there are four exits, two in the front of the room and two in the back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Democratic Assemblyman Luis Alejo of Watsonville went after bill number 10 for his 2013 legislation to raise the minimum wage to $10 an hour. “He thought it would be a way to make it stand out,” said spokesman Andrew Bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same year, former Assemblyman Mike Gatto carried a bill to alleviate freeway congestion. “So naturally we sought AB 405, a freeway number which southern Californians instantly associate with commuting delays,” the Los Angeles Democrat said by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other legislators take a cultural approach to seeking bill numbers. Democratic Sen. Richard Pan of Sacramento, who is Chinese-American, said he often tries to get his legislation tagged with anything that includes the number 8, a symbol for good luck in many Asian cultures. (He also tries to avoid bills with the number 4, which represents bad luck.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, while Pan carried AB 888 (about procedures for giving students medicine at school), other Chinese-American legislators carried SB 888 (about picketing at funerals) and SB 88 (about translating candidate names on ballots). Despite the auspicious numbers, all three bills died or were vetoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Pan said “it’s fun” to play the numbers game. And hope, it seems, springs eternal: For the new session, he’s already nabbed Senate bills 18 and 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/symbolic-superstitious-or-sillylegislators-scramble-for-bill-numbers/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a> is a nonpartisan, nonprofit journalism venture committed to explaining how California’s state Capitol works and why it matters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the Legislature opened a new two-year session this month, staffers lined up before 9 a.m. to hand freshly written bills to the clerk, who assigns them an all-important number. Whether a bill lives or dies won’t be known for many months, but the work to nab the right bill number starts the minute the session opens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/299913962&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/299913962'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First up in the state Senate: a bill by Sen. Jim Beall (D-San Jose) that would raise gas taxes and car registration fees to pay for a backlog of road repairs. The plan envisions spending $6 billion a year for the next decade fixing roads, bridges and transit systems—repairs that have been delayed for years and are now widely seen as urgent. After getting its official stamp, the legislation became Senate Bill 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you put number one on the bill, that means it’s a high priority,” said Beall, who’s worked unsuccessfully for the last two years to pass similar legislation. “Whether or not that means, in the final analysis, that people vote for it is another question. But it indicates that it’s a priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics is full of symbolism and it’s no different when it comes to the arcane system of numbering bills. With the start of a new session of the California Legislature, the numbering begins anew. And if past years are any indication, laws proposed in the coming months will be slapped with clever, silly and superstitious numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In past years, a bill dealing with optometry was AB 2020. Legislation about emergency phone lines was AB 911. A proposal to change gambling licenses got lucky number 777. And an Assembly bill declaring denim the official state fabric carried the number of a famous pair of jeans: 501.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some numbers are very important to members,” said Bernadette McNulty, the Senate official who gives bills their numbers. “I try to accommodate that as much as I can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, assigning bill numbers is haphazard. Legislative staff line up at McNulty’s desk inside the Senate chambers and she stamps bills in the order received. “Who’s 56? 56 next,” she called out on a recent afternoon as a senator’s staffer stepped up to hand her a new bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But timing is critical because McNulty and her counterpart in the Assembly won’t skip numbers. Take 420 — the number that became a code after some stoners popularized their tradition of getting high at 4:20 p.m. Now it’s a number senators request for bills dealing with marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m in the process and I’m at 410, I’ll call them and say, ‘Bring the (folder) down,’ ” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Legislature processing thousands of bills each session, symbolic numbers help lawmakers market their bills, providing fodder for social media slogans or nerdy humor. When Sen. Mike McGuire last year presented his SB 747 — a bill dealing with airport funding — the Healdsburg Democrat opened his speech joking that “there are four exits, two in the front of the room and two in the back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Democratic Assemblyman Luis Alejo of Watsonville went after bill number 10 for his 2013 legislation to raise the minimum wage to $10 an hour. “He thought it would be a way to make it stand out,” said spokesman Andrew Bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same year, former Assemblyman Mike Gatto carried a bill to alleviate freeway congestion. “So naturally we sought AB 405, a freeway number which southern Californians instantly associate with commuting delays,” the Los Angeles Democrat said by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other legislators take a cultural approach to seeking bill numbers. Democratic Sen. Richard Pan of Sacramento, who is Chinese-American, said he often tries to get his legislation tagged with anything that includes the number 8, a symbol for good luck in many Asian cultures. (He also tries to avoid bills with the number 4, which represents bad luck.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, while Pan carried AB 888 (about procedures for giving students medicine at school), other Chinese-American legislators carried SB 888 (about picketing at funerals) and SB 88 (about translating candidate names on ballots). Despite the auspicious numbers, all three bills died or were vetoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Pan said “it’s fun” to play the numbers game. And hope, it seems, springs eternal: For the new session, he’s already nabbed Senate bills 18 and 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/symbolic-superstitious-or-sillylegislators-scramble-for-bill-numbers/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a> is a nonpartisan, nonprofit journalism venture committed to explaining how California’s state Capitol works and why it matters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Morally Torn Over State Executions, Will Gov. Brown Ever Permit One?",
"title": "Morally Torn Over State Executions, Will Gov. Brown Ever Permit One?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Although he has served as governor longer than anyone else in California history, Jerry Brown has never been forced to make one of the weightiest decisions governors face: whether to spare a convicted criminal from execution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has executed more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Capital_Punishment/Number_Executions.html\">500 people\u003c/a>, but the death penalty has been on hold pending legal challenges during both of Brown’s two-term stints as governor. It’s been a politically convenient coincidence for the Democrat who rose to prominence as an outspoken opponent of capital punishment, even as California voters repeatedly demonstrated support for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their most recent \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/proposition/proposition-62-and-66-death-penalty/\">affirmation\u003c/a> came this November. Voters rejected Proposition 62, which would have abolished capital punishment, and passed Proposition 66, which seeks to expedite death penalty appeals. The outcome means California may resume executions during Brown’s final two years as governor, potentially challenging the legacy of the former Jesuit seminarian who was once so morally opposed to capital punishment that he protested outside the gates of death row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not certain that executions will resume; death penalty opponents have filed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Suit-filed-to-block-death-penalty-measure-Prop-66-10605400.php\">lawsuit trying to block Proposition 66\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-execution-suit-20161115-story.html\">separate challenge of a law\u003c/a> that gives corrections officials broad authority to establish execution procedures. A federal court would need to lift a decade-old stay on lethal injections in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But supporters insist they will prevail in court, and that executions will begin next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11198733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11198733\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Phones line the wall of the execution chamber at San Quentin State Prison. \" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-960x622.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phones line the wall of the execution chamber at San Quentin State Prison. If Gov. Brown were to stay an execution at the last minute, one of these phones would ring. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Executions were suspended in California in 2006 when a federal court ruled that the state’s three-drug lethal injection process amounted to cruel and unusual punishment. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Capital_Punishment/docs/Timeline-Lethal-Injection-Protocol-Regs-Factsheet.pdf?pdf=Capital-Punishment\">Since then\u003c/a>, corrections officials have been drafting a new execution procedure using only one drug, while also responding to a tangle of lawsuits challenging the way they were planning to reinstate the death penalty. The single-drug plan introduced \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-pol-ca-execution-protocol-20151105-story.html\">last year\u003c/a>, like many proposed state regulations, doesn’t go into effect until after a public review period. But one piece of Proposition 66 removes that review period —allowing prison officials to more swiftly move ahead with single-drug lethal injections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (corrections department) should be able to begin use of the protocol that it’s already established, which means that execution dates can be set,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/09/mr-death-penalty/379858/\">Kent Scheidegger\u003c/a>, a Sacramento attorney who helped write Proposition 66, and whom The Atlantic once called “Mr. Death Penalty” for his advocacy on the issue. “I’m sure it will be an intensely fought battle. But we’ll certainly make the argument that there’s been far too much delay and courts shouldn’t delay any further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If courts allow Proposition 66 to proceed — more action on the suit is expected after election results are certified in mid-December —execution dates would be established after district attorneys seek death warrants from the trial courts. Eighteen of the 748 \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Capital_Punishment/docs/CondemnedInmateListSecure.pdf?pdf=Condemned-Inmates\">death row inmates\u003c/a> have exhausted all their appeals, making them likely to be executed soonest. They include \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Death-sentence-for-rapist-upheld-in-1979-murder-3175009.php\">Harvey Heishman\u003c/a>, who raped an Oakland woman and then murdered her in 1979 before she could testify against him; \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-two-tried-in-san-diego-could-be-among-next-2015nov28-story.html\">Richard Samayoa\u003c/a>, who broke into a San Diego home in 1985 and beat a young mother and her toddler to death with a wrench; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/saunders/article/Kermit-Alexander-s-life-sentence-6630535.php\">Tiequon Cox\u003c/a>, who murdered four Los Angeles family members of Kermit Alexander, the former pro football player who put Proposition 66 on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California death row inmates who have exhausted appeals, by location of crime:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n[ExhaustedAppeal]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Click on a pin to see the death row inmate and the crime committed. Locations of crime are approximations. (Map: Matt Levin)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nDespite his activism against the death penalty as a young man, Brown never weighed in publicly on the November initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think he just felt he would be compelled to do whatever the voters decide and therefore did not enter into the fray,” said Cruz Reynoso, a former California Supreme Court justice and death penalty opponent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynoso — one of three Brown appointees tossed off the Supreme Court in a 1986 campaign that targeted them for overturning death sentences — said if executions are scheduled before 2018, he wouldn’t expect Brown to block them. “Jerry Brown, like yours truly, may have a moral position,” he said, “but as a public official will enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s staff declined to answer questions about potential executions. But Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Trailblazer-Biography-Jerry-Chuck-McFadden/dp/0520275632\">biographer Chuck McFadden\u003c/a> said if executions did resume in his final term, “he wouldn’t like it, not one bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an open question whether he would say anything publicly decrying the execution. … But he would certainly be unhappy about it, even though he’s a far different person today than he was in 1960.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that year Brown famously \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article107782622.html\">lobbied his father\u003c/a>, then-Gov. Pat Brown, to stay the execution of a convicted rapist. Seven years later, the younger Brown stood vigil outside of San Quentin as a cop-killer was put to death inside the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governors have broad authority under state law to block executions. The elder Brown spared 23 death row inmates by commuting their sentences but allowed 36 to be executed. In his biography “Public Justice, Private Mercy: A Governor's Education on Death Row,” Pat Brown described the difficulty of being “the last stop on the road to the gas chamber.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an awesome, ultimate power over the lives of others that no person or government should have, or crave,” wrote Pat Brown, who contended that his qualms about it helped Ronald Reagan unseat him in 1966.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 1967, legal challenges put the death penalty on hold in California for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Capital_Punishment/history_of_capital_punishment.html\">25 years\u003c/a>. Because Jerry Brown’s first two terms as governor (from 1975-1983) came during this hiatus, he avoided the clemency decisions that had racked his father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Executions in California\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>[CAExecutions]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young governor, Jerry Brown took other actions reflecting his objection to capital punishment—and met resistance. In 1977 he vetoed a bill to reinstate it after courts had abolished it, only to see the Legislature overrule his veto. In 1978, voters re-elected Brown even as they approved an initiative creating the death penalty law still on the books today. Brown appointed justices opposed to executions, only to see voters refuse to retain them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the state resumed executions in 1992, Brown was running for president—and touting his “uncompromising” opposition to capital punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When someone is contained in a cage, then to bureaucratically, cold-bloodedly snuff out their life, whether by poison or electrocution or by gas, it doesn’t seem right to me,” Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ltl9vAxAfuU\">said\u003c/a> that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007 he became California’s attorney general, a position that required him to defend hundreds of death penalty convictions even as the state stopped executions due to lawsuits over lethal injection. It took nearly a decade to produce a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-pol-ca-execution-protocol-20151105-story.html\">lethal injection plan\u003c/a>, a slow process some blamed on Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campaigning for governor in 2010, he said he would prefer a society “where we didn’t have to use death as a punishment,” but recognized his opinion had been overruled by lawmakers and voters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J5gcbib2hw\">He promised\u003c/a> to carry out the death penalty “with compassion but…with great fidelity to the rule of law.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "He's served as governor longer than anyone else in California history, but Jerry Brown has never had to make one of the weightiest decisions governors face.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/laurel-rosenhall/\">Laurel Rosenhall\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Although he has served as governor longer than anyone else in California history, Jerry Brown has never been forced to make one of the weightiest decisions governors face: whether to spare a convicted criminal from execution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has executed more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Capital_Punishment/Number_Executions.html\">500 people\u003c/a>, but the death penalty has been on hold pending legal challenges during both of Brown’s two-term stints as governor. It’s been a politically convenient coincidence for the Democrat who rose to prominence as an outspoken opponent of capital punishment, even as California voters repeatedly demonstrated support for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their most recent \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/proposition/proposition-62-and-66-death-penalty/\">affirmation\u003c/a> came this November. Voters rejected Proposition 62, which would have abolished capital punishment, and passed Proposition 66, which seeks to expedite death penalty appeals. The outcome means California may resume executions during Brown’s final two years as governor, potentially challenging the legacy of the former Jesuit seminarian who was once so morally opposed to capital punishment that he protested outside the gates of death row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not certain that executions will resume; death penalty opponents have filed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Suit-filed-to-block-death-penalty-measure-Prop-66-10605400.php\">lawsuit trying to block Proposition 66\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-execution-suit-20161115-story.html\">separate challenge of a law\u003c/a> that gives corrections officials broad authority to establish execution procedures. A federal court would need to lift a decade-old stay on lethal injections in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But supporters insist they will prevail in court, and that executions will begin next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11198733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11198733\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Phones line the wall of the execution chamber at San Quentin State Prison. \" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-960x622.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ExecutionPhones-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phones line the wall of the execution chamber at San Quentin State Prison. If Gov. Brown were to stay an execution at the last minute, one of these phones would ring. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Executions were suspended in California in 2006 when a federal court ruled that the state’s three-drug lethal injection process amounted to cruel and unusual punishment. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Capital_Punishment/docs/Timeline-Lethal-Injection-Protocol-Regs-Factsheet.pdf?pdf=Capital-Punishment\">Since then\u003c/a>, corrections officials have been drafting a new execution procedure using only one drug, while also responding to a tangle of lawsuits challenging the way they were planning to reinstate the death penalty. The single-drug plan introduced \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-pol-ca-execution-protocol-20151105-story.html\">last year\u003c/a>, like many proposed state regulations, doesn’t go into effect until after a public review period. But one piece of Proposition 66 removes that review period —allowing prison officials to more swiftly move ahead with single-drug lethal injections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (corrections department) should be able to begin use of the protocol that it’s already established, which means that execution dates can be set,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/09/mr-death-penalty/379858/\">Kent Scheidegger\u003c/a>, a Sacramento attorney who helped write Proposition 66, and whom The Atlantic once called “Mr. Death Penalty” for his advocacy on the issue. “I’m sure it will be an intensely fought battle. But we’ll certainly make the argument that there’s been far too much delay and courts shouldn’t delay any further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If courts allow Proposition 66 to proceed — more action on the suit is expected after election results are certified in mid-December —execution dates would be established after district attorneys seek death warrants from the trial courts. Eighteen of the 748 \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Capital_Punishment/docs/CondemnedInmateListSecure.pdf?pdf=Condemned-Inmates\">death row inmates\u003c/a> have exhausted all their appeals, making them likely to be executed soonest. They include \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Death-sentence-for-rapist-upheld-in-1979-murder-3175009.php\">Harvey Heishman\u003c/a>, who raped an Oakland woman and then murdered her in 1979 before she could testify against him; \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-two-tried-in-san-diego-could-be-among-next-2015nov28-story.html\">Richard Samayoa\u003c/a>, who broke into a San Diego home in 1985 and beat a young mother and her toddler to death with a wrench; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/saunders/article/Kermit-Alexander-s-life-sentence-6630535.php\">Tiequon Cox\u003c/a>, who murdered four Los Angeles family members of Kermit Alexander, the former pro football player who put Proposition 66 on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California death row inmates who have exhausted appeals, by location of crime:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n[ExhaustedAppeal]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Click on a pin to see the death row inmate and the crime committed. Locations of crime are approximations. (Map: Matt Levin)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nDespite his activism against the death penalty as a young man, Brown never weighed in publicly on the November initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think he just felt he would be compelled to do whatever the voters decide and therefore did not enter into the fray,” said Cruz Reynoso, a former California Supreme Court justice and death penalty opponent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynoso — one of three Brown appointees tossed off the Supreme Court in a 1986 campaign that targeted them for overturning death sentences — said if executions are scheduled before 2018, he wouldn’t expect Brown to block them. “Jerry Brown, like yours truly, may have a moral position,” he said, “but as a public official will enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s staff declined to answer questions about potential executions. But Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Trailblazer-Biography-Jerry-Chuck-McFadden/dp/0520275632\">biographer Chuck McFadden\u003c/a> said if executions did resume in his final term, “he wouldn’t like it, not one bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an open question whether he would say anything publicly decrying the execution. … But he would certainly be unhappy about it, even though he’s a far different person today than he was in 1960.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that year Brown famously \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article107782622.html\">lobbied his father\u003c/a>, then-Gov. Pat Brown, to stay the execution of a convicted rapist. Seven years later, the younger Brown stood vigil outside of San Quentin as a cop-killer was put to death inside the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governors have broad authority under state law to block executions. The elder Brown spared 23 death row inmates by commuting their sentences but allowed 36 to be executed. In his biography “Public Justice, Private Mercy: A Governor's Education on Death Row,” Pat Brown described the difficulty of being “the last stop on the road to the gas chamber.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an awesome, ultimate power over the lives of others that no person or government should have, or crave,” wrote Pat Brown, who contended that his qualms about it helped Ronald Reagan unseat him in 1966.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 1967, legal challenges put the death penalty on hold in California for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Capital_Punishment/history_of_capital_punishment.html\">25 years\u003c/a>. Because Jerry Brown’s first two terms as governor (from 1975-1983) came during this hiatus, he avoided the clemency decisions that had racked his father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Executions in California\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>[CAExecutions]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young governor, Jerry Brown took other actions reflecting his objection to capital punishment—and met resistance. In 1977 he vetoed a bill to reinstate it after courts had abolished it, only to see the Legislature overrule his veto. In 1978, voters re-elected Brown even as they approved an initiative creating the death penalty law still on the books today. Brown appointed justices opposed to executions, only to see voters refuse to retain them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the state resumed executions in 1992, Brown was running for president—and touting his “uncompromising” opposition to capital punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When someone is contained in a cage, then to bureaucratically, cold-bloodedly snuff out their life, whether by poison or electrocution or by gas, it doesn’t seem right to me,” Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ltl9vAxAfuU\">said\u003c/a> that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007 he became California’s attorney general, a position that required him to defend hundreds of death penalty convictions even as the state stopped executions due to lawsuits over lethal injection. It took nearly a decade to produce a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-pol-ca-execution-protocol-20151105-story.html\">lethal injection plan\u003c/a>, a slow process some blamed on Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campaigning for governor in 2010, he said he would prefer a society “where we didn’t have to use death as a punishment,” but recognized his opinion had been overruled by lawmakers and voters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J5gcbib2hw\">He promised\u003c/a> to carry out the death penalty “with compassion but…with great fidelity to the rule of law.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "To Save S.F. Bay and Its Dying Delta, State Aims to Replumb California",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he report’s findings were unequivocal: Given the current pace of water diversions, the San Francisco Bay and the Delta network of rivers and marshes are ecological goners, with many of its native fish species now experiencing a “sixth extinction,” environmental science’s most-dire definition of ecosystem collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a vast, soaked marsh and channel fed by the gushing Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, the Delta has diminished dramatically over the previous century as those rivers and their mountain tributaries have been diverted to irrigate Central Valley farms and Bay Area urbanity. With winnowing supplies of Chinook salmon available for food, Orcas off the coast are starving. So, too, are seals and fish-eating birds. And the Gulf of the Farallones, a national marine sanctuary, is suffering from a lack of freshwater fed by the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those \u003ca href=\"http://thebayinstitute.org/sf-bay-freshwater-starved-estuary\">grim conclusions\u003c/a> in this fall’s report by scientists at the Bay Institute, an environmental group focused on the bay’s ecosystem, would normally have set off alarm bells -- except that those warnings have been sounding for decades. That’s about as long as state agencies have been in the planning process to re-plumb the region that supplies close to half of California’s water and supports world-leading agricultural production, fisheries and tourism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s goal: recalibrate the water flows that have drained vital rivers down to as low as 10 percent of their natural levels -- just a fifth of the 60 percent flow scientists say is necessary to preserve the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">As is the way with California water policy, everyone’s share of water is going to be cut, so no one is happy.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But the mechanism for change -- the state water board’s much-anticipated \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/bay_delta_plan/docs/091516_bay_delta_plan_update.pdf\">update to its Bay-Delta plan\u003c/a> -- is running “way, way behind,” according to board officials. The plan hasn’t had a significant update in more than two decades. And recent progress has been agonizingly slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of the plan’s phases -- setting targets for turning the tap on and off on the vanishing San Joaquin river, and for reducing water salinity -- has been six years in the making and runs thousands of pages long. It isn’t expected to be finalized until next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After analyzing possible flow rates, the state board’s staff, in its draft, sets a target that would have to be met: an “adaptive range” of 30 to 50 percent of the average unimpeded water flow for the San Joaquin River and its key tributaries, the Merced, Stanislaus and Tuolumne rivers. Such a flow, averaging about 40 percent, will “provide reasonable protection of fish and wildlife while moderating impacts to water supply for drinking water and agriculture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11196911\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-800x801.jpg\" alt=\"Fed by mountain tributaries, the San Joaquin River runs up the spine of California before flowing into Delta. \" width=\"800\" height=\"801\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11196911\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-800x801.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-960x962.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-375x376.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-520x521.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed.jpg 1092w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fed by mountain tributaries, the San Joaquin River runs up the spine of California before flowing into Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a later phase, at best a few years down the road, the state will play the role of Solomon, determining which competing parties get what amount of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is the way with California water policy, everyone’s share of water is going to be cut, so no one is happy. Farmers predict fallowing of crops, Bay Area officials say impeding development will drive up housing prices, rural counties say the policies are inhibiting growth, and environmental groups still insist that not enough water is being set aside to maintain the health of the complex water system and the fish and wildlife that depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as the tedious, divisive planning process creeps along, the region’s economy is at a standstill. Farms and harbors are in disrepair, private sector investments have withered, and residents are waiting for a consistent policy from Sacramento. Further adding to the uncertainty is the incipient presidency of Donald Trump, who, while campaigning in Fresno in May, proclaimed that it was “insane” to “shove water out to the sea” on behalf of endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody knows quite what to expect from a Trump administration, but it could try to undermine the state effort by withholding federal funds for restoration of the San Joaquin River and by relaxing federal Endangered Species Act protections. A Republican-controlled Congress also could weigh in by passing federal laws governing how water is divvied up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/192854703\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all know that the Delta as it exists today is not sustainable,” said Michael George, who serves as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/delta_watermaster/\">Delta Watermaster\u003c/a> for the state Water Resources Control Board. “People have been waiting for a policy and no one is making any long term investments because the policy is so uncertain. There’s wariness. Nobody in the Delta wants Sacramento to do anything other than go away,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s not enough water to satisfy all takers and that is not likely to change. What will have to change is the way scarce water supplies are allocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a game of musical chairs right now and we are missing about three chairs,” said Chris Scheuring, a water lawyer for the California Farm Bureau Federation, which is fighting to preserve water supplies on behalf of the state’s powerful agriculture industry. “It’s a zero-sum game and somebody has to lose. The drought has intensified. Climate change is on the horizon. We have a declining snow pack. This is putting us on the path of an epic train wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0GTRc1ycrHuw6wLMwHNzxaYw9ah96JKo\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation has come down to powerful forces wrestling over a few drops. At any given time more than 80 percent of the water that would naturally flow through the various rivers, tributaries and sloughs feeding the Delta and Bay is siphoned off for storage, agricultural or municipal use. What comes out the south end, or into the San Francisco Bay, is often less a flow than a trickle. The San Joaquin River, for example, at some points has become almost a dry bed, its key tributaries also tapped (the Tuolumne, for example, feeds the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir that supports San Francisco.) As a result, last year less than 10 percent of the San Joaquin River’s water was available to replenish the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catastrophic collapse of the estuary has driven the three-inch \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/sfbaydelta/species/delta_smelt.cfm\">Delta Smelt\u003c/a> to the brink of extinction and decimated the Sacramento Splittail, as well as two runs of chinook salmon, Central Valley steelhead, among others. The first phase of the state’s plan, by setting its 40 percent flow target, attempts to help fish populations recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11196917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The tiny, endangered Delta Smelt is vanishing -- a consequence of an over-tapped estuary.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11196917\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tiny, endangered Delta Smelt is vanishing -- a consequence of an over-tapped estuary.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although that flow would amount to a veritable flood in sections that are seeing less than 10 percent of natural levels, it would still be one-third below the board’s own \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/docs/final_rpt080310.pdf\">2010 analysis\u003c/a> that pegged 60 percent flow as best for fisheries recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the 40 standard does anything beneficial for the fish, it sends them to extinction less quickly,” said Jon Rosenfield, the lead scientist on the Bay Institute report. “Chinook salmon are the hardiest fish species we know of. They colonized every watershed from Monterey through Alaska to Japan. If Chinook salmon cannot live in your rivers, something is very, very wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water board chairwoman Felicia Marcus stressed that a 60 percent standard represents “what fish would have asked for if the fish could talk\" -- and that the final plan must balance the needs of all water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"zwUSnVdn9A9beMdKuq0HZiMu4qKojGZf\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was stunned to see that over half the time we are diverting 80 and as much as 90 percent of water out of these rivers. That’s gonna be tough on these fish,” she said. “At the same time, people have to realize you can’t put it all back. We’re coming to grips with where we’ve been and where we need to go. We need to figure out how to share the rivers and water more thoughtfully, between human use and nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s good for the fish is often in conflict with the reality of a region that has been markedly altered by human hands. Nineteenth-century federal policy that favored bending nature to boost commerce meant draining the Delta’s marshes and swamps to make way for farming islands and ever-growing settlement. Today an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/DeltaTransformed_SFEI_110414.pdf\">estimated 98 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/DeltaTransformed_SFEI_110414.pdf\">percent\u003c/a> of the Delta’s historic tidal wetlands have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have enough water to serve all of the demands that we put on it,” George said. It’s not farms versus fish, not cities versus rural areas, not North verses South. It’s an all-of-the-above crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11196919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Wildlife on the Farallones -- a marine sanctuary outside San Francisco Bay -- are also suffering due to a lack of freshwater flowing from the Delta.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11196919\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife on the Farallones -- a marine sanctuary outside San Francisco Bay -- are also suffering due to a lack of freshwater flowing from the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Much of the Delta’s farm-to-town economy is dormant, as investors have waited for consistent signals from Sacramento about the future of water policy. Farm machinery sits rusting and once-busy marinas and docks are choked with mats of invasive water hyacinth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The economy is stagnant, uncertainty about policy has been hanging there for a decade,” said Jeffrey Michael, director of the Center for Business and Policy Research at the University of the Pacific in Stockton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farm bureau’s Scheuring said growers have adopted new water methods that have enabled them to produce twice the value of crops with the same amount of water as they required 30 years ago. Now, he says, farmers can’t give up any more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither can San Francisco, according to Charles Sheehan, spokesman for the city’s Public Utilities Commission. The region’s 2.6 million frugal customers are already consuming water at less than half the statewide average, he said. Less water has meant shorter showers, browner public parks and, officials say, restrictive economic development. More restrictions could restrict new development, further driving up home prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisis also takes a toll on other industries. A federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/Assets/commercial/fus/fus15/documents/02_Commercial2015.pdf\">report\u003c/a> showed the value of California’s fishing harvest plummeted 53 percent last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the state, people are lining up to recount tales of water woes. Often at the top of their lungs. In recent months, Stanislaus County officials flatly accused state water officials of lying -- and the rhetoric at a Merced County Board of Supervisors meeting got so overheated that one citizen compared the impact of the Delta plan on farmers to the Holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not the most comfortable place to be, people are always mad at you,\" said Marcus, the state water board’s chair. \"But we are going to make these decisions. Either you help us make the decision or we are going to move.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit news venture devoted to coverage of state policy and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With the current pace of water diversions, S.F. Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta are ecological goners, a recent report says.",
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"description": "With the current pace of water diversions, S.F. Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta are ecological goners, a recent report says.",
"title": "To Save S.F. Bay and Its Dying Delta, State Aims to Replumb California | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/julie-cart/\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he report’s findings were unequivocal: Given the current pace of water diversions, the San Francisco Bay and the Delta network of rivers and marshes are ecological goners, with many of its native fish species now experiencing a “sixth extinction,” environmental science’s most-dire definition of ecosystem collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a vast, soaked marsh and channel fed by the gushing Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, the Delta has diminished dramatically over the previous century as those rivers and their mountain tributaries have been diverted to irrigate Central Valley farms and Bay Area urbanity. With winnowing supplies of Chinook salmon available for food, Orcas off the coast are starving. So, too, are seals and fish-eating birds. And the Gulf of the Farallones, a national marine sanctuary, is suffering from a lack of freshwater fed by the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those \u003ca href=\"http://thebayinstitute.org/sf-bay-freshwater-starved-estuary\">grim conclusions\u003c/a> in this fall’s report by scientists at the Bay Institute, an environmental group focused on the bay’s ecosystem, would normally have set off alarm bells -- except that those warnings have been sounding for decades. That’s about as long as state agencies have been in the planning process to re-plumb the region that supplies close to half of California’s water and supports world-leading agricultural production, fisheries and tourism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s goal: recalibrate the water flows that have drained vital rivers down to as low as 10 percent of their natural levels -- just a fifth of the 60 percent flow scientists say is necessary to preserve the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">As is the way with California water policy, everyone’s share of water is going to be cut, so no one is happy.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But the mechanism for change -- the state water board’s much-anticipated \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/bay_delta_plan/docs/091516_bay_delta_plan_update.pdf\">update to its Bay-Delta plan\u003c/a> -- is running “way, way behind,” according to board officials. The plan hasn’t had a significant update in more than two decades. And recent progress has been agonizingly slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of the plan’s phases -- setting targets for turning the tap on and off on the vanishing San Joaquin river, and for reducing water salinity -- has been six years in the making and runs thousands of pages long. It isn’t expected to be finalized until next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After analyzing possible flow rates, the state board’s staff, in its draft, sets a target that would have to be met: an “adaptive range” of 30 to 50 percent of the average unimpeded water flow for the San Joaquin River and its key tributaries, the Merced, Stanislaus and Tuolumne rivers. Such a flow, averaging about 40 percent, will “provide reasonable protection of fish and wildlife while moderating impacts to water supply for drinking water and agriculture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11196911\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-800x801.jpg\" alt=\"Fed by mountain tributaries, the San Joaquin River runs up the spine of California before flowing into Delta. \" width=\"800\" height=\"801\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11196911\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-800x801.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-960x962.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-375x376.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-520x521.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Watershed.jpg 1092w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fed by mountain tributaries, the San Joaquin River runs up the spine of California before flowing into Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a later phase, at best a few years down the road, the state will play the role of Solomon, determining which competing parties get what amount of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is the way with California water policy, everyone’s share of water is going to be cut, so no one is happy. Farmers predict fallowing of crops, Bay Area officials say impeding development will drive up housing prices, rural counties say the policies are inhibiting growth, and environmental groups still insist that not enough water is being set aside to maintain the health of the complex water system and the fish and wildlife that depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as the tedious, divisive planning process creeps along, the region’s economy is at a standstill. Farms and harbors are in disrepair, private sector investments have withered, and residents are waiting for a consistent policy from Sacramento. Further adding to the uncertainty is the incipient presidency of Donald Trump, who, while campaigning in Fresno in May, proclaimed that it was “insane” to “shove water out to the sea” on behalf of endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody knows quite what to expect from a Trump administration, but it could try to undermine the state effort by withholding federal funds for restoration of the San Joaquin River and by relaxing federal Endangered Species Act protections. A Republican-controlled Congress also could weigh in by passing federal laws governing how water is divvied up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/192854703\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all know that the Delta as it exists today is not sustainable,” said Michael George, who serves as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/delta_watermaster/\">Delta Watermaster\u003c/a> for the state Water Resources Control Board. “People have been waiting for a policy and no one is making any long term investments because the policy is so uncertain. There’s wariness. Nobody in the Delta wants Sacramento to do anything other than go away,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s not enough water to satisfy all takers and that is not likely to change. What will have to change is the way scarce water supplies are allocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a game of musical chairs right now and we are missing about three chairs,” said Chris Scheuring, a water lawyer for the California Farm Bureau Federation, which is fighting to preserve water supplies on behalf of the state’s powerful agriculture industry. “It’s a zero-sum game and somebody has to lose. The drought has intensified. Climate change is on the horizon. We have a declining snow pack. This is putting us on the path of an epic train wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation has come down to powerful forces wrestling over a few drops. At any given time more than 80 percent of the water that would naturally flow through the various rivers, tributaries and sloughs feeding the Delta and Bay is siphoned off for storage, agricultural or municipal use. What comes out the south end, or into the San Francisco Bay, is often less a flow than a trickle. The San Joaquin River, for example, at some points has become almost a dry bed, its key tributaries also tapped (the Tuolumne, for example, feeds the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir that supports San Francisco.) As a result, last year less than 10 percent of the San Joaquin River’s water was available to replenish the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catastrophic collapse of the estuary has driven the three-inch \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/sfbaydelta/species/delta_smelt.cfm\">Delta Smelt\u003c/a> to the brink of extinction and decimated the Sacramento Splittail, as well as two runs of chinook salmon, Central Valley steelhead, among others. The first phase of the state’s plan, by setting its 40 percent flow target, attempts to help fish populations recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11196917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The tiny, endangered Delta Smelt is vanishing -- a consequence of an over-tapped estuary.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11196917\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Delta-Smelt.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tiny, endangered Delta Smelt is vanishing -- a consequence of an over-tapped estuary.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although that flow would amount to a veritable flood in sections that are seeing less than 10 percent of natural levels, it would still be one-third below the board’s own \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/docs/final_rpt080310.pdf\">2010 analysis\u003c/a> that pegged 60 percent flow as best for fisheries recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the 40 standard does anything beneficial for the fish, it sends them to extinction less quickly,” said Jon Rosenfield, the lead scientist on the Bay Institute report. “Chinook salmon are the hardiest fish species we know of. They colonized every watershed from Monterey through Alaska to Japan. If Chinook salmon cannot live in your rivers, something is very, very wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water board chairwoman Felicia Marcus stressed that a 60 percent standard represents “what fish would have asked for if the fish could talk\" -- and that the final plan must balance the needs of all water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was stunned to see that over half the time we are diverting 80 and as much as 90 percent of water out of these rivers. That’s gonna be tough on these fish,” she said. “At the same time, people have to realize you can’t put it all back. We’re coming to grips with where we’ve been and where we need to go. We need to figure out how to share the rivers and water more thoughtfully, between human use and nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s good for the fish is often in conflict with the reality of a region that has been markedly altered by human hands. Nineteenth-century federal policy that favored bending nature to boost commerce meant draining the Delta’s marshes and swamps to make way for farming islands and ever-growing settlement. Today an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/DeltaTransformed_SFEI_110414.pdf\">estimated 98 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/DeltaTransformed_SFEI_110414.pdf\">percent\u003c/a> of the Delta’s historic tidal wetlands have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have enough water to serve all of the demands that we put on it,” George said. It’s not farms versus fish, not cities versus rural areas, not North verses South. It’s an all-of-the-above crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11196919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Wildlife on the Farallones -- a marine sanctuary outside San Francisco Bay -- are also suffering due to a lack of freshwater flowing from the Delta.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11196919\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SeaLions.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife on the Farallones -- a marine sanctuary outside San Francisco Bay -- are also suffering due to a lack of freshwater flowing from the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Much of the Delta’s farm-to-town economy is dormant, as investors have waited for consistent signals from Sacramento about the future of water policy. Farm machinery sits rusting and once-busy marinas and docks are choked with mats of invasive water hyacinth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The economy is stagnant, uncertainty about policy has been hanging there for a decade,” said Jeffrey Michael, director of the Center for Business and Policy Research at the University of the Pacific in Stockton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farm bureau’s Scheuring said growers have adopted new water methods that have enabled them to produce twice the value of crops with the same amount of water as they required 30 years ago. Now, he says, farmers can’t give up any more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither can San Francisco, according to Charles Sheehan, spokesman for the city’s Public Utilities Commission. The region’s 2.6 million frugal customers are already consuming water at less than half the statewide average, he said. Less water has meant shorter showers, browner public parks and, officials say, restrictive economic development. More restrictions could restrict new development, further driving up home prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisis also takes a toll on other industries. A federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/Assets/commercial/fus/fus15/documents/02_Commercial2015.pdf\">report\u003c/a> showed the value of California’s fishing harvest plummeted 53 percent last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the state, people are lining up to recount tales of water woes. Often at the top of their lungs. In recent months, Stanislaus County officials flatly accused state water officials of lying -- and the rhetoric at a Merced County Board of Supervisors meeting got so overheated that one citizen compared the impact of the Delta plan on farmers to the Holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not the most comfortable place to be, people are always mad at you,\" said Marcus, the state water board’s chair. \"But we are going to make these decisions. Either you help us make the decision or we are going to move.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
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