window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"futureofyou_439251": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_439251",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439251",
"found": true
},
"parent": 439132,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-520x345.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 345
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-620x372.jpg",
"width": 620,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-375x249.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2.jpg",
"width": 620,
"height": 411
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/internet_addiction-2-240x159.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 159
}
},
"publishDate": 1517936458,
"modified": 1517936474,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "internet_addiction-2",
"credit": "Illustration by Mark Fiore/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_439123": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_439123",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439123",
"found": true
},
"parent": 439106,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-e1517598782884.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1282
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-1020x681.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 681
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-1920x1282.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1282
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-1920x1282.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1282
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-768x513.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 513
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/sneezing-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1517598728,
"modified": 1517599253,
"caption": "Canadian influenza researchers have reported that early data shows the flu vaccine is not providing much protection in North America.",
"description": null,
"title": "Nice aged woman having a cold",
"credit": "yacobchuk/iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_439043": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_439043",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439043",
"found": true
},
"parent": 439041,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-520x357.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 357
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-160x110.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 110
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-960x659.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 659
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-375x258.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 258
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 2060
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-1020x700.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 700
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-1180x810.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 810
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-800x549.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 549
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-1920x1318.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1318
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-1180x810.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 810
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-1920x1318.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1318
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-768x527.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 527
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/Buffett-240x165.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 165
}
},
"publishDate": 1517336159,
"modified": 1517336296,
"caption": "Warren Buffett participates in a discussion during a White House conference in June 2016. Buffett, Amazon and JPMorgan are forming a new company to address the health care costs of their employees.",
"description": null,
"title": "The White House Council On Women And Girls Hosts The \"United State Of Women\" Summit In D.C.",
"credit": "Alex Wong/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_438541": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_438541",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438541",
"found": true
},
"parent": 438097,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/Gamergate_Final-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1516298951,
"modified": 1517272451,
"caption": "The 'Gamergate' controversy involved groups of men organizing online to severely harass women in the video game industry. ",
"description": "The 'Gamergate' controversy involved groups of men organizing online to severely harass several women in the video game industry. ",
"title": "Gamergate_Final",
"credit": "Teodros Hailye/KQED Science",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_274615": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_274615",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "274615",
"found": true
},
"parent": 274449,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-520x347.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-160x107.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-960x640.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-375x250.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc.png",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1020x680.png",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1180x787.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-800x533.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1920x1280.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1180x787.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1920x1280.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-768x512.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-240x160.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1478041895,
"modified": 1517014076,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "computerdoc",
"credit": "Illustration by Teodros Hailye/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_438682": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_438682",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438682",
"found": true
},
"parent": 438664,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-e1516657894676.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-689684706-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1516657840,
"modified": 1516657864,
"caption": "a woman sitting on ground with arm around lower head, sexual violence , sexual abuse, human trafficking concept with shadow edge in white tone",
"description": null,
"title": "a woman sitting on ground with arm around lower head, sexual violence , sexual abuse, human trafficking concept",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_438596": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_438596",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438596",
"found": true
},
"parent": 438526,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-520x389.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 389
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-960x719.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 719
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665.jpg",
"width": 1443,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-1020x763.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 763
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-1180x883.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 883
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-800x599.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 599
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-1180x883.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 883
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-768x575.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 575
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/iStock-477168665-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1516323848,
"modified": 1516402169,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "business woman man couple sexual harassment silhouette",
"credit": "Image by iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_438308": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_438308",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438308",
"found": true
},
"parent": 438169,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1.jpg",
"width": 676,
"height": 381
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1515546575,
"modified": 1602175419,
"caption": "Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro was cured of 'bubble baby' disease with a treatment funded by the California stem cell agency. The bubble around her is for fun, not to keep her separated from others. ",
"description": "Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro now cured of \"bubble baby\" disease, playing in a public park. The bubble around her is for fun, not to keep her separated from others. ",
"title": "evangelina-in-a-bubble (1)",
"credit": "Alysia Vacarro",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_438320": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_438320",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438320",
"found": true
},
"parent": 438270,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-520x355.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 355
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-160x109.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 109
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-960x655.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 655
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-375x256.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 256
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap.png",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1365
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-1020x696.png",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 696
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-1180x805.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 805
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-800x546.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 546
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-1920x1310.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1310
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-1180x805.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 805
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-1920x1310.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1310
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-768x524.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 524
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/MyShake_BerkeleyMap-240x164.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 164
}
},
"publishDate": 1515607563,
"modified": 1515607698,
"caption": "Map shows locations of Android phones that alerted during the Berkeley quake on January 4.",
"description": "Map of MyShake phone locations",
"title": "MyShake_BerkeleyMap",
"credit": "Berkeley Seismological Lab",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_436563": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_436563",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "436563",
"found": true
},
"parent": 436414,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-520x278.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 278
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-160x86.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 86
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-960x514.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 514
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-375x201.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 201
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-e1509133290999.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1028
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-1020x546.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 546
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-1180x632.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 632
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-800x428.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 428
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-1920x1028.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1028
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-1180x632.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 632
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-1920x1028.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1028
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-768x411.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 411
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/RansomwarePanel-240x128.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1509133252,
"modified": 1509393537,
"caption": "KQED, one of the largest public media companies in America, was hit by a ransomware attack in July. The disruption was barely visible to the public, but behind the scenes, employees struggled with Rube Goldbergian workarounds while tech staff worked long months to rebuild a more secure system.",
"description": null,
"title": "RansomwarePanel",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_438067": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_438067",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438067",
"found": true
},
"parent": 438030,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-520x276.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 276
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-160x85.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 85
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-960x510.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 510
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-375x199.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 199
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong.png",
"width": 1186,
"height": 630
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-1020x542.png",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 542
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-1180x627.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 627
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-800x425.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 425
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-1180x627.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 627
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-768x408.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 408
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/ElaineFong-240x127.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 127
}
},
"publishDate": 1514482382,
"modified": 1514482600,
"caption": "Designer Elaine Fong delivering a TEDx San Francisco talk about her mother's passing under Washington state's Death with Dignity Act.",
"description": null,
"title": "ElaineFong",
"credit": "TEDx",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_futureofyou_439132": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_439132",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_439132",
"name": "Jean Twenge\u003cbr />The Conversation",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_439106": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_439106",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_439106",
"name": "Helen Branswell\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_439041": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_439041",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_439041",
"name": "Tom Murphy\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_438097": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_438097",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_438097",
"name": "Zoë Quinn",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_438270": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_438270",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_438270",
"name": "Craig Miller\u003cbr />KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"jbrooks": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "80",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jon Brooks",
"firstName": "Jon",
"lastName": "Brooks",
"slug": "jbrooks",
"email": "jbrooks@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Digital Editor",
"bio": "Jon Brooks is a former Digital Editor for KQED Science. He is the former editor of KQED’s daily news blog, News Fix. In 2014, he won a California Journalism Award for his coverage of ride services like Uber and Lyft and the taxi industry. A veteran blogger, he previously worked for Yahoo! in various news writing and editing roles. Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "jbrooksfoy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"Contributor",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "mindshift",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jon Brooks | KQED",
"description": "Digital Editor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jbrooks"
},
"dgorn": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "8656",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "8656",
"found": true
},
"name": "David Gorn",
"firstName": "David",
"lastName": "Gorn",
"slug": "dgorn",
"email": "dgorn+donotmail@sbcglobal.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "David Gorn is the former Deputy News Director of KQED Radio. His public radio pieces have appeared on NPR, the World, Marketplace and the California Report.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "David Gorn | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dgorn"
},
"dventon": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11088",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11088",
"found": true
},
"name": "Danielle Venton",
"firstName": "Danielle",
"lastName": "Venton",
"slug": "dventon",
"email": "dventon@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Science reporter",
"bio": "Danielle Venton is a reporter for KQED Science. She covers wildfires, space and oceans (though she is prone to sea sickness).\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2015, Danielle was a staff reporter at KRCB in Sonoma County and a freelancer. She studied science communication at UC Santa Cruz and formerly worked at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland where she wrote about computing. She lives in Sonoma County and enjoys backpacking.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/37b292b5c40c8d93959c4f48d73b5286f41b7abd8588277e941905a3ed4c801c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "DanielleVenton",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Danielle Venton | KQED",
"description": "Science reporter",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/37b292b5c40c8d93959c4f48d73b5286f41b7abd8588277e941905a3ed4c801c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/37b292b5c40c8d93959c4f48d73b5286f41b7abd8588277e941905a3ed4c801c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dventon"
},
"lesleymcclurg": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11229",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11229",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lesley McClurg",
"firstName": "Lesley",
"lastName": "McClurg",
"slug": "lesleymcclurg",
"email": "lmcclurg@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"bio": "Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host whose work is regularly rebroadcast on NPR and PBS programs. She’s earned multiple regional Emmy awards, a national and a regional Edward R. Murrow award, and was named Best Beat Reporter by the Association of Health Care Journalists. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her work several times, and the Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her coverage of California’s historic drought.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2016, Lesley covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, environmental issues for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for KUOW and KCTS 9 in Seattle. Away from the newsroom, she loves skiing with her daughter, mountain biking with her partner, and playing with Ollie, the family’s goldendoodle. On deadline, she runs almost entirely on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "lesleywmcclurg",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "forum",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lesley McClurg | KQED",
"description": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lesleymcclurg"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"futureofyou_category_kqed-news": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"score": 12.672578
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "KQED News",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 19
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/futureofyou?category=kqed-news",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 19
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"futureofyou_439132": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439132",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439132",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1517936665000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1517936665,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Teen Happiness Plummeted After 2012. Here's One Possible Reason Why ...",
"title": "Teen Happiness Plummeted After 2012. Here's One Possible Reason Why ...",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>We’d all like to be a little happier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that \u003ca href=\"http://sonjalyubomirsky.com/wp-content/themes/sonjalyubomirsky/papers/LSS2005.pdf\">much of what determines happiness is outside of our control\u003c/a>. Some of us are genetically predisposed to see the world through rose-colored glasses, while others have a generally negative outlook. Bad things happen, to us and in the world. People can be unkind, and jobs can be tedious.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An analysis of 1 million teens showed those who spent more time on the internet, playing computer games, on social media, texting, using video chat or watching TV were less happy.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> But we do have some control over how we spend our leisure time. That’s one reason why it’s worth asking which leisure time activities are linked to happiness, and which aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Femo0000403\">a new analysis of 1 million U.S. teens\u003c/a>, my co-authors and I looked at how teens were spending their free time and which activities correlated with happiness, and which didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wanted to see if changes in the way teens spend their free time might partially explain a startling drop in teens’ happiness after 2012 – and perhaps the decline in adults’ happiness since 2000 as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A possible culprit emerges\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/\">we analyzed data\u003c/a> from a nationally representative survey of eighth-, 10th- and 12th-graders that’s been conducted annually since 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, teens are asked about their general happiness, in addition to how they spend their time. We found that teens who spent more time seeing their friends in person, exercising, playing sports, attending religious services, reading or even doing homework were happier. However, teens who spent more time on the internet, playing computer games, on social media, texting, using video chat or watching TV were less happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, every activity that didn’t involve a screen was linked to more happiness, and every activity that involved a screen was linked to less happiness. The differences were considerable: Teens who spent more than five hours a day online were twice as likely to be unhappy as those who spent less than an hour a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it might be that unhappy people seek out screen activities. However, a growing number of studies show that most of the causation goes from screen use to unhappiness, not the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/cyber.2016.0259?journalCode=cyber\">one experiment\u003c/a>, people who were randomly assigned to give up Facebook for a week ended that time happier, less lonely and less depressed than those who continued to use Facebook. In another study, young adults required to give up Facebook for their jobs \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2916158\">were happier than those who kept their accounts\u003c/a>. In addition, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755296616300862\">several\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841\">longitudinal\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11482-016-9458-7\">studies\u003c/a> show that screen time leads to unhappiness but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28093386\">unhappiness doesn’t lead to more screen time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you wanted to give advice based on this research, it would be very simple: Put down your phone or tablet and go do something – just about anything – else.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It’s not just teens\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>These links between happiness and time use are worrying news, as the current generation of teens (whom I call “iGen” \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonandschuster.com/books/iGen/Jean-M-Twenge/9781501151989\">in my book of the same name\u003c/a>) spends more time with screens than any previous generation. Time spent online doubled between 2006 and 2016, and 82 percent of 12th-graders now use social\u003cbr>\nmedia every day (up from 51 percent in 2008).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, teens’ happiness suddenly plummeted after 2012 (the year when the majority of Americans owned smartphones). So did teens’ self-esteem and their satisfaction with their lives, especially their satisfaction with their friends, the amount of fun they were having, and their lives as a whole. These declines in well-being mirror other studies finding sharp increases in mental health issues among iGen, including in \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2167702617723376\">depressive symptoms\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/11/10/peds.2016-1878\">major depression\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2664031/\">self-harm\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6630a6.htm\">suicide\u003c/a>. Especially compared to the \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02204.x\">optimistic and almost relentlessly positive millennials\u003c/a>, iGen is markedly less self-assured, and more are depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar trend might be occurring for adults: My co-authors and I previously found that \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550615602933?journalCode=sppa\">adults over age 30 were less happy than they were 15 years ago\u003c/a>, and that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28265779\">adults were having sex less frequently\u003c/a>. There may be many reasons for these trends, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/30/health/americans-screen-time-nielsen/index.html\">adults are also spending more time with screens\u003c/a> than they used to. That might mean less face-to-face time with other people, including with their sexual partners. The result: \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1948550615616462\">less sex and less happiness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although both teen and adult happiness dropped during the years of high unemployment amid the Great Recession (2008-2010), happiness didn’t rebound in the years after 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.economicgreenfield.com/2016/01/08/u-3-and-u-6-unemployment-rate-long-term-reference-charts-as-of-january-8-2016/\">when the economy was doing progressively better\u003c/a>. Instead, happiness continued to decline as the economy improved, making it unlikely that economic cycles were to blame for lower happiness after 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing income inequality could play a role, especially for adults. But if so, one would expect that happiness would have been dropping continuously since the 1980s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dreaming-of-a-better-gini/\">when income inequality began to grow\u003c/a>. Instead, happiness began to decline around 2000 for adults and around 2012 for teens. Nevertheless, it’s possible that concerns about the job market and income inequality reached a tipping point in the early 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somewhat surprisingly, we found that teens who didn’t use digital media at all were actually a little less happy than those who used digital media a little bit (less than an hour a day). Happiness was then steadily lower with more hours of use. Thus, the happiest teens were those who used digital media, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/does-apple-have-an-obligation-to-make-the-iphone-safer-for-kids-89822\">but for a limited amount of time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer, then, is not to give up technology entirely. Instead, the solution is a familiar adage: everything in moderation. Use your phone for all the cool things it’s good for. And then set it down and go do something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might be happier for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/jean-twenge-315939\">Jean Twenge \u003c/a>is a professor of psychology,\u003c/em> at \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/san-diego-state-university-1241\">San Diego State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439132 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439132",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/06/teen-happiness-plummeted-after-2012-one-possible-reason-why/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1011,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1535389752,
"excerpt": "An analysis of 1 million U.S. teens looked at how they were spending their free time and which activities did and didn't correlate with happiness.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "An analysis of 1 million U.S. teens looked at how they were spending their free time and which activities did and didn't correlate with happiness.",
"title": "Teen Happiness Plummeted After 2012. Here's One Possible Reason Why ... | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Teen Happiness Plummeted After 2012. Here's One Possible Reason Why ...",
"datePublished": "2018-02-06T09:04:25-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-08-27T10:09:12-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "teen-happiness-plummeted-after-2012-one-possible-reason-why",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Jean Twenge\u003cbr />The Conversation",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/439132/teen-happiness-plummeted-after-2012-one-possible-reason-why",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We’d all like to be a little happier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that \u003ca href=\"http://sonjalyubomirsky.com/wp-content/themes/sonjalyubomirsky/papers/LSS2005.pdf\">much of what determines happiness is outside of our control\u003c/a>. Some of us are genetically predisposed to see the world through rose-colored glasses, while others have a generally negative outlook. Bad things happen, to us and in the world. People can be unkind, and jobs can be tedious.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An analysis of 1 million teens showed those who spent more time on the internet, playing computer games, on social media, texting, using video chat or watching TV were less happy.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> But we do have some control over how we spend our leisure time. That’s one reason why it’s worth asking which leisure time activities are linked to happiness, and which aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Femo0000403\">a new analysis of 1 million U.S. teens\u003c/a>, my co-authors and I looked at how teens were spending their free time and which activities correlated with happiness, and which didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wanted to see if changes in the way teens spend their free time might partially explain a startling drop in teens’ happiness after 2012 – and perhaps the decline in adults’ happiness since 2000 as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A possible culprit emerges\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/\">we analyzed data\u003c/a> from a nationally representative survey of eighth-, 10th- and 12th-graders that’s been conducted annually since 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, teens are asked about their general happiness, in addition to how they spend their time. We found that teens who spent more time seeing their friends in person, exercising, playing sports, attending religious services, reading or even doing homework were happier. However, teens who spent more time on the internet, playing computer games, on social media, texting, using video chat or watching TV were less happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, every activity that didn’t involve a screen was linked to more happiness, and every activity that involved a screen was linked to less happiness. The differences were considerable: Teens who spent more than five hours a day online were twice as likely to be unhappy as those who spent less than an hour a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it might be that unhappy people seek out screen activities. However, a growing number of studies show that most of the causation goes from screen use to unhappiness, not the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/cyber.2016.0259?journalCode=cyber\">one experiment\u003c/a>, people who were randomly assigned to give up Facebook for a week ended that time happier, less lonely and less depressed than those who continued to use Facebook. In another study, young adults required to give up Facebook for their jobs \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2916158\">were happier than those who kept their accounts\u003c/a>. In addition, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755296616300862\">several\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841\">longitudinal\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11482-016-9458-7\">studies\u003c/a> show that screen time leads to unhappiness but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28093386\">unhappiness doesn’t lead to more screen time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you wanted to give advice based on this research, it would be very simple: Put down your phone or tablet and go do something – just about anything – else.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It’s not just teens\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>These links between happiness and time use are worrying news, as the current generation of teens (whom I call “iGen” \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonandschuster.com/books/iGen/Jean-M-Twenge/9781501151989\">in my book of the same name\u003c/a>) spends more time with screens than any previous generation. Time spent online doubled between 2006 and 2016, and 82 percent of 12th-graders now use social\u003cbr>\nmedia every day (up from 51 percent in 2008).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, teens’ happiness suddenly plummeted after 2012 (the year when the majority of Americans owned smartphones). So did teens’ self-esteem and their satisfaction with their lives, especially their satisfaction with their friends, the amount of fun they were having, and their lives as a whole. These declines in well-being mirror other studies finding sharp increases in mental health issues among iGen, including in \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2167702617723376\">depressive symptoms\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/11/10/peds.2016-1878\">major depression\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2664031/\">self-harm\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6630a6.htm\">suicide\u003c/a>. Especially compared to the \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02204.x\">optimistic and almost relentlessly positive millennials\u003c/a>, iGen is markedly less self-assured, and more are depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar trend might be occurring for adults: My co-authors and I previously found that \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550615602933?journalCode=sppa\">adults over age 30 were less happy than they were 15 years ago\u003c/a>, and that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28265779\">adults were having sex less frequently\u003c/a>. There may be many reasons for these trends, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/30/health/americans-screen-time-nielsen/index.html\">adults are also spending more time with screens\u003c/a> than they used to. That might mean less face-to-face time with other people, including with their sexual partners. The result: \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1948550615616462\">less sex and less happiness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although both teen and adult happiness dropped during the years of high unemployment amid the Great Recession (2008-2010), happiness didn’t rebound in the years after 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.economicgreenfield.com/2016/01/08/u-3-and-u-6-unemployment-rate-long-term-reference-charts-as-of-january-8-2016/\">when the economy was doing progressively better\u003c/a>. Instead, happiness continued to decline as the economy improved, making it unlikely that economic cycles were to blame for lower happiness after 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing income inequality could play a role, especially for adults. But if so, one would expect that happiness would have been dropping continuously since the 1980s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dreaming-of-a-better-gini/\">when income inequality began to grow\u003c/a>. Instead, happiness began to decline around 2000 for adults and around 2012 for teens. Nevertheless, it’s possible that concerns about the job market and income inequality reached a tipping point in the early 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somewhat surprisingly, we found that teens who didn’t use digital media at all were actually a little less happy than those who used digital media a little bit (less than an hour a day). Happiness was then steadily lower with more hours of use. Thus, the happiest teens were those who used digital media, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/does-apple-have-an-obligation-to-make-the-iphone-safer-for-kids-89822\">but for a limited amount of time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer, then, is not to give up technology entirely. Instead, the solution is a familiar adage: everything in moderation. Use your phone for all the cool things it’s good for. And then set it down and go do something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might be happier for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/jean-twenge-315939\">Jean Twenge \u003c/a>is a professor of psychology,\u003c/em> at \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/san-diego-state-university-1241\">San Diego State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439132/teen-happiness-plummeted-after-2012-one-possible-reason-why",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_439132"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73",
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1183",
"futureofyou_803",
"futureofyou_188"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_439251",
"label": "source_futureofyou_439132"
},
"futureofyou_439151": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439151",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439151",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1517817671000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1517817671,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "What a Pediatrician Learned from a 9-Year-Old Transgender Child",
"title": "What a Pediatrician Learned from a 9-Year-Old Transgender Child",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The number of transgender people in America has \u003ca href=\"http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/How-Many-Adults-Identify-as-Transgender-in-the-United-States.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doubled\u003c/a> in the last decade, but that doesn't mean the medical profession has caught up. Transgender patients are often unable to find quality health care. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4802845/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> shows they may face stigma and discrimination, and that they can't find medical interventions like hormone therapy and/or sex reassignment surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Tell Us Your Story\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Are you a transgender person who has struggled to find appropriate care, or a doctor who has struggled to learn to provide care? \u003ca href=\"#health\">Tell us your story\u003c/a> in the question box at the bottom of this post. Your responses will be kept confidential and will not be shared without your permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ximena Lopez is a pediatric endocrinologist at Children’s Health in Dallas, Texas, one of the few in the country who specialize in care for transgender youth. Recently she shared the story of her steep learning curve at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tedmed.com/\">TEDMED\u003c/a> conference in Palm Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I caught up with her afterward. The following interview, in Lopez's words, has been edited for length and clarity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parents Desperate for Help\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was not prepared when my first transgender child walked into my clinic. I didn’t get any training in medical school, my residency or my sub-specialty training to care for transgender children. And there were people in my clinic who questioned whether I should take the appointment. I decided to see whether I could help, but I didn't think I'd actually provide care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first appointment, the most striking thing was how desperate the parents were for help. They told me they had called 100 doctors and nobody wanted to provide treatment to stop Tyler's puberty. Then they said, 'We don't care if you experiment with our child. We will do anything for his mental health.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They used a phrase that really stayed with me, 'We prefer to have a living son than a dead daughter.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I knew I had to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ypQ0S1VFkkumYcqXsE0vYCCbmOzMzDkc\"]Very Little Expertise Available\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to the mental health team in my hospital for their expertise and they said, 'We have no experience whatsoever. The only time we've seen transgender patients is when they're trying to commit suicide and admitted to the psychiatric unit.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, I eventually found a specialist in Boston and a local psychiatrist to help me navigate suppressing Tyler's puberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Puberty suppression is a reversible step. It buys time to explore gender identity. So even if the child changed his or her mind later on, we could stop the puberty suppression and puberty will just restart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>It's Not a Choice\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gender dysphoria is the conflict that exists when a person's physical or assigned gender is different than how they feel or identify. It's very clear that it's not a choice. That's what I've learned from my patients. Parents have been dealing with this for a long time. They've had years of denial -- mourning the child that they're losing, and then accepting the child they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When parents are not supportive the risk of suicide attempt can be as high as 60 percent. And when parents are very supportive it can be as low as 4 percent. The difference is just incredible, so parental support is more than critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Society should see transgender people as just normal people. I think we as humans tend to be afraid of what's different and what's new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3gWXSODBjp95u08FGWK1bohVUcxSPy5g\"]Biological Basis for Transgender Identity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's very little known. There's no genetic explanation. We do know that 40 to 60 percent of identical twins are transgender. For example, if one identical twin is transgender, the odds of the other twin being transgender is 40 to 60 percent. That means there probably is a genetic link because that's a high prevalence. But it's not 100 percent. We don't know anything about the specific gene or genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing is there is a new brain imaging study that is called a functional MRI (fMRI) that show subtle differences in movement in the brain between regular males and females. \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alicia_Garcia-Falgueras/publication/24377907_Sexual_differentiation_of_the_human_brain_in_relation_to_gender_identity_and_sexual_orientation/links/0046353982a9ca6d8e000000.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm19NmQGvQy8twJNvMaPYGD17MaCvg&nossl=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Researchers\u003c/a> looked at transgender people before they received any hormone therapy or any treatment that could affect brain function or morphology, and transgender people have differences that put them more aligned with the gender they identify with. In other words, their brains are actually acting more like the brain that they identify with rather than their biological gender.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"health\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Have you been able to find appropriate health care for your needs as a transgender person? Why or why not? Tell us your story; your responses will be kept confidential and will never be shared without your permission.\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[transgenderhealthcare]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: We will post Ximena Lopez's TEDMED talk here as soon as it is available.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439151 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439151",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/05/what-a-pediatrician-learned-from-a-9-year-old-transgender-child/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 821,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1518032392,
"excerpt": "When Ximena Lopez received her first transgender child patient she had no idea how her life and practice would change. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "When Ximena Lopez received her first transgender child patient she had no idea how her life and practice would change. ",
"title": "What a Pediatrician Learned from a 9-Year-Old Transgender Child | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What a Pediatrician Learned from a 9-Year-Old Transgender Child",
"datePublished": "2018-02-05T00:01:11-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-02-07T11:39:52-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-a-pediatrician-learned-from-a-9-year-old-transgender-child",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/02/TransgenderforWEB.mp3",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/439151/what-a-pediatrician-learned-from-a-9-year-old-transgender-child",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The number of transgender people in America has \u003ca href=\"http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/How-Many-Adults-Identify-as-Transgender-in-the-United-States.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doubled\u003c/a> in the last decade, but that doesn't mean the medical profession has caught up. Transgender patients are often unable to find quality health care. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4802845/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> shows they may face stigma and discrimination, and that they can't find medical interventions like hormone therapy and/or sex reassignment surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Tell Us Your Story\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Are you a transgender person who has struggled to find appropriate care, or a doctor who has struggled to learn to provide care? \u003ca href=\"#health\">Tell us your story\u003c/a> in the question box at the bottom of this post. Your responses will be kept confidential and will not be shared without your permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ximena Lopez is a pediatric endocrinologist at Children’s Health in Dallas, Texas, one of the few in the country who specialize in care for transgender youth. Recently she shared the story of her steep learning curve at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tedmed.com/\">TEDMED\u003c/a> conference in Palm Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I caught up with her afterward. The following interview, in Lopez's words, has been edited for length and clarity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parents Desperate for Help\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was not prepared when my first transgender child walked into my clinic. I didn’t get any training in medical school, my residency or my sub-specialty training to care for transgender children. And there were people in my clinic who questioned whether I should take the appointment. I decided to see whether I could help, but I didn't think I'd actually provide care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first appointment, the most striking thing was how desperate the parents were for help. They told me they had called 100 doctors and nobody wanted to provide treatment to stop Tyler's puberty. Then they said, 'We don't care if you experiment with our child. We will do anything for his mental health.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They used a phrase that really stayed with me, 'We prefer to have a living son than a dead daughter.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I knew I had to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Very Little Expertise Available\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to the mental health team in my hospital for their expertise and they said, 'We have no experience whatsoever. The only time we've seen transgender patients is when they're trying to commit suicide and admitted to the psychiatric unit.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, I eventually found a specialist in Boston and a local psychiatrist to help me navigate suppressing Tyler's puberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Puberty suppression is a reversible step. It buys time to explore gender identity. So even if the child changed his or her mind later on, we could stop the puberty suppression and puberty will just restart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>It's Not a Choice\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gender dysphoria is the conflict that exists when a person's physical or assigned gender is different than how they feel or identify. It's very clear that it's not a choice. That's what I've learned from my patients. Parents have been dealing with this for a long time. They've had years of denial -- mourning the child that they're losing, and then accepting the child they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When parents are not supportive the risk of suicide attempt can be as high as 60 percent. And when parents are very supportive it can be as low as 4 percent. The difference is just incredible, so parental support is more than critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Society should see transgender people as just normal people. I think we as humans tend to be afraid of what's different and what's new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Biological Basis for Transgender Identity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's very little known. There's no genetic explanation. We do know that 40 to 60 percent of identical twins are transgender. For example, if one identical twin is transgender, the odds of the other twin being transgender is 40 to 60 percent. That means there probably is a genetic link because that's a high prevalence. But it's not 100 percent. We don't know anything about the specific gene or genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing is there is a new brain imaging study that is called a functional MRI (fMRI) that show subtle differences in movement in the brain between regular males and females. \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alicia_Garcia-Falgueras/publication/24377907_Sexual_differentiation_of_the_human_brain_in_relation_to_gender_identity_and_sexual_orientation/links/0046353982a9ca6d8e000000.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm19NmQGvQy8twJNvMaPYGD17MaCvg&nossl=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Researchers\u003c/a> looked at transgender people before they received any hormone therapy or any treatment that could affect brain function or morphology, and transgender people have differences that put them more aligned with the gender they identify with. In other words, their brains are actually acting more like the brain that they identify with rather than their biological gender.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"health\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Have you been able to find appropriate health care for your needs as a transgender person? Why or why not? Tell us your story; your responses will be kept confidential and will never be shared without your permission.\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[transgenderhealthcare]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: We will post Ximena Lopez's TEDMED talk here as soon as it is available.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439151/what-a-pediatrician-learned-from-a-9-year-old-transgender-child",
"authors": [
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_1244",
"futureofyou_685",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_656",
"futureofyou_1018"
],
"label": "source_futureofyou_439151"
},
"futureofyou_439106": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439106",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439106",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1517599076000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1517599076,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Flu Vaccine This Year Was a Dud According to Early Data",
"title": "Flu Vaccine This Year Was a Dud According to Early Data",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>As the country battles an especially fierce flu season, experts have struggled to explain why one family of virus — the influenza A virus H3N2 — that has infected a lot of people in recent years is causing so much damage again this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pMmCXaibLUwxTcHOuOXFWa0DdskcP6kV\"]Now, new data from north of the border sheds some light on the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canadian influenza researchers reported Thursday in the online journal \u003cem>Eurosurveillance\u003c/em> that the first reckoning of how well the flu vaccine is protecting against H3N2 viruses this year in North America has a dismal answer: not very.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their midseason estimate, based on data from the four provinces where roughly 80 percent of Canadians live, suggested that the H3N2 component of the vaccine is 17 percent effective at preventing infection. Last year it was estimated at 37 percent in Canada and 34 percent in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health authorities have come to expect protection against H3N2 — the weak link of the vaccine — to be in the low-to-mid 30 percent range at best. But this estimate is half that. And the fact that it was so much lower came as a surprise to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s flu experts, who have yet to analyze their midseason flu vaccine effectiveness data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was lower than what the Canadians or we experienced last year,” said Alicia Fry, head of epidemiology for the CDC’s influenza division. Given that there haven’t been major changes in the viruses, “it is a surprising result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fry said the CDC surveillance network will stop collecting data for their interim analysis next week, and the agency will publish their findings mid-month. Both teams will also reanalyze their surveillance data at the end of the season, when more data typically brings a sharper focus to the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research also reported that — at least in Canada — a new subgroup of the H3N2 clan has become the dominant H3N2 viruses causing illness this season. It may be that the vaccine isn’t targeting that group of viruses effectively. The U.S. is seeing a similar pattern, said Jacqueline Katz, deputy director of the CDC’s influenza division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, the findings confirm the fact that people who’ve been vaccinated are among those contracting flu this season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is low protection. And the overall message is: People who have been vaccinated should not consider themselves invincible against this H3N2 virus that’s circulating,” said Dr. Danuta Skowronski, lead author of the report and an influenza epidemiologist at the British Columbia Center for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means getting early medical care, antiviral treatment for those at high risk of influenza complications. That’s the main value of reporting these midseason estimates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In working-age adults, the estimated protection is lower still: 10 percent. That is in line with the protection level Australia saw in its harsh winter 2017 flu season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the small number of people studied — 689 — the confidence intervals around the estimates are wide. You can think of them as the margins of error around a polling number that is said to be accurate within, for example, 3 percentage points up or down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the case of the assessment of the H3N2 component, the confidence intervals cross zero, which means the researchers cannot rule out the possibility there was no benefit from that part of the vaccine. But based on statistical calculations, the 17 percent overall and 10 percent among working-age adults is more likely to be correct, Skowronski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That low protection level among working-age adults could explain why the CDC has reported unusually high flu hospitalization rates among people aged 50 to 64 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canadian data may provide clues into what is happening in the United States. But flu season activity varies across geographic regions, and it will be important to see U.S. data to see if the Canadian patterns are reflective of what is happening here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s already clear they are not a perfect match. There is considerably more influenza B illness in Canada this year than there has been in the U.S. In fact, where flu B infections make up less than 20 percent of lab-confirmed flu cases here so far this year, the corresponding figure in Canada is about 40 percent. And in this study, flu B infections made up 51 percent of the confirmed flu cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine’s performance against influenza B viruses was substantially better than it was against H3N2. The study estimated the flu shot protected about 55 percent of people who received it against influenza B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s especially interesting given that most of the flu shots given in Canada targeted the wrong flu B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two lineages of influenza B viruses. Some flu shots target both, but older products contain protection against just one. More than two-thirds of the vaccines used in Canada protect against only one B virus, and this year the virus included in those products is not the one causing the most illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the two B viruses are quite different genetically, the vaccine appears to be offering cross-protection, Skowronski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than three-quarters of flu vaccines used in the U.S. target both flu B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does not estimate how well this year’s vaccine protects against H1N1 viruses. Skowronski said there has simply been too little H1N1 disease in Canada so far this winter to make that calculation. Fry said the CDC hopes to be able to give an estimate of how well the H1N1 component of the vaccine is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Canadian team could not estimate how protective the vaccine has been against H3N2 in children. The end-of-season analysis should be able to answer that question, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/01/flu-vaccine-protection-h3n2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439106 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439106",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/02/flu-vaccine-this-year-was-a-dud-according-to-early-data/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1026,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 27
},
"modified": 1517625679,
"excerpt": "One family of virus known as influenza A H3N2, which has infected many people in recent years, is causing a lot of illness again this winter.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "One family of virus known as influenza A H3N2, which has infected many people in recent years, is causing a lot of illness again this winter.",
"title": "Flu Vaccine This Year Was a Dud According to Early Data | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Flu Vaccine This Year Was a Dud According to Early Data",
"datePublished": "2018-02-02T11:17:56-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-02-02T18:41:19-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "flu-vaccine-this-year-was-a-dud-according-to-early-data",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Helen Branswell\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/439106/flu-vaccine-this-year-was-a-dud-according-to-early-data",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the country battles an especially fierce flu season, experts have struggled to explain why one family of virus — the influenza A virus H3N2 — that has infected a lot of people in recent years is causing so much damage again this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Now, new data from north of the border sheds some light on the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canadian influenza researchers reported Thursday in the online journal \u003cem>Eurosurveillance\u003c/em> that the first reckoning of how well the flu vaccine is protecting against H3N2 viruses this year in North America has a dismal answer: not very.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their midseason estimate, based on data from the four provinces where roughly 80 percent of Canadians live, suggested that the H3N2 component of the vaccine is 17 percent effective at preventing infection. Last year it was estimated at 37 percent in Canada and 34 percent in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health authorities have come to expect protection against H3N2 — the weak link of the vaccine — to be in the low-to-mid 30 percent range at best. But this estimate is half that. And the fact that it was so much lower came as a surprise to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s flu experts, who have yet to analyze their midseason flu vaccine effectiveness data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was lower than what the Canadians or we experienced last year,” said Alicia Fry, head of epidemiology for the CDC’s influenza division. Given that there haven’t been major changes in the viruses, “it is a surprising result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fry said the CDC surveillance network will stop collecting data for their interim analysis next week, and the agency will publish their findings mid-month. Both teams will also reanalyze their surveillance data at the end of the season, when more data typically brings a sharper focus to the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research also reported that — at least in Canada — a new subgroup of the H3N2 clan has become the dominant H3N2 viruses causing illness this season. It may be that the vaccine isn’t targeting that group of viruses effectively. The U.S. is seeing a similar pattern, said Jacqueline Katz, deputy director of the CDC’s influenza division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, the findings confirm the fact that people who’ve been vaccinated are among those contracting flu this season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is low protection. And the overall message is: People who have been vaccinated should not consider themselves invincible against this H3N2 virus that’s circulating,” said Dr. Danuta Skowronski, lead author of the report and an influenza epidemiologist at the British Columbia Center for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means getting early medical care, antiviral treatment for those at high risk of influenza complications. That’s the main value of reporting these midseason estimates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In working-age adults, the estimated protection is lower still: 10 percent. That is in line with the protection level Australia saw in its harsh winter 2017 flu season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the small number of people studied — 689 — the confidence intervals around the estimates are wide. You can think of them as the margins of error around a polling number that is said to be accurate within, for example, 3 percentage points up or down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the case of the assessment of the H3N2 component, the confidence intervals cross zero, which means the researchers cannot rule out the possibility there was no benefit from that part of the vaccine. But based on statistical calculations, the 17 percent overall and 10 percent among working-age adults is more likely to be correct, Skowronski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That low protection level among working-age adults could explain why the CDC has reported unusually high flu hospitalization rates among people aged 50 to 64 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canadian data may provide clues into what is happening in the United States. But flu season activity varies across geographic regions, and it will be important to see U.S. data to see if the Canadian patterns are reflective of what is happening here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s already clear they are not a perfect match. There is considerably more influenza B illness in Canada this year than there has been in the U.S. In fact, where flu B infections make up less than 20 percent of lab-confirmed flu cases here so far this year, the corresponding figure in Canada is about 40 percent. And in this study, flu B infections made up 51 percent of the confirmed flu cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine’s performance against influenza B viruses was substantially better than it was against H3N2. The study estimated the flu shot protected about 55 percent of people who received it against influenza B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s especially interesting given that most of the flu shots given in Canada targeted the wrong flu B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two lineages of influenza B viruses. Some flu shots target both, but older products contain protection against just one. More than two-thirds of the vaccines used in Canada protect against only one B virus, and this year the virus included in those products is not the one causing the most illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the two B viruses are quite different genetically, the vaccine appears to be offering cross-protection, Skowronski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than three-quarters of flu vaccines used in the U.S. target both flu B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does not estimate how well this year’s vaccine protects against H1N1 viruses. Skowronski said there has simply been too little H1N1 disease in Canada so far this winter to make that calculation. Fry said the CDC hopes to be able to give an estimate of how well the H1N1 component of the vaccine is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Canadian team could not estimate how protective the vaccine has been against H3N2 in children. The end-of-season analysis should be able to answer that question, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/01/flu-vaccine-protection-h3n2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439106/flu-vaccine-this-year-was-a-dud-according-to-early-data",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_439106"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_662",
"futureofyou_1455"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_439123",
"label": "source_futureofyou_439106"
},
"futureofyou_439041": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439041",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439041",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1517336337000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1517336337,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Amazon, Warren Buffett, JPMorgan Teaming to Insure Their Own Employees",
"title": "Amazon, Warren Buffett, JPMorgan Teaming to Insure Their Own Employees",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Amazon, Warren Buffett and JPMorgan are forming a new company to address the health care costs of their employees, sending shares of health care companies down sharply across the entire sector despite the vague nature of the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday Amazon's Jeff Bezos said that he, along with Buffet and JPMorgan, would attempt to make health care better for hundreds of thousands of their employees, and perhaps, eventually, the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were few details and those involved said the project is in the early planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ballooning costs of (health care) act as a hungry tapeworm on the American economy,\" said Buffett, the head of Berkshire Hathaway, in a prepared statement. \"Our group does not come to this problem with answers. But we also do not accept it as inevitable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new company will be independent and \"free from profit-making incentives and constraints.\" The businesses said the new venture's initial focus would be on technology that provides \"simplified, high-quality and transparent\" care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not clear if the ultimate goal is to eventually move beyond Amazon, Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan. However, JPMorgan Chairman and CEO Jaimie Dimon said, \"our goal is to create solutions that benefit our U.S. employees, their families and, potentially, all Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential disruption from three renowned innovators in technology and finance sent a shock wave through the health care sector, erasing billions in market capitalization in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six of the top ten companies with significant share declines on the Standard & Poor's 500 index were health care companies. Almost all companies in the health field were in retreat Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for a solution to the health care crises in the U.S. is intense. With about 151 million non-elderly people, employer-sponsored coverage is the largest part of the U.S. health insurance market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care costs for companies routinely rise faster than inflation and eat up bigger portions of their budgets. Americans are mired in a confusing system that creates a mix of prices in the same market for the same procedure or drug and offers no easy path for finding the best deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising costs of health care have dragged on U.S. companies, big and small, and employees are increasingly feeling that pain. Employers have hiked deductibles and other expenses for employees, meaning less spending power for almost all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 50 percent of companies with three to 49 employees offered coverage last year, according to the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation. That's down from 66 percent more than a decade ago. The federal Affordable Care Act requires all companies with 50 or more full-time employees to offer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, Berkshire and JP Morgan say they can bring their scale and \"complementary expertise\" to what they describe as a long-term campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's entry into the health market has been perceived as imminent, even though the company had announced nothing publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been watched very closely on Wall Street, which has seen Amazon disrupt numerous industries ranging from book stores to clothing chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, which mostly sold books when it was founded more than 20 years ago, has radically altered the way in which people buy diapers, toys or paper towels. Most recently it has upended the grocery sector, spending $14 billion last year for Whole Foods Market Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP writer Joseph Pisani contributed to this report from New York. Murphy reported from Indianapolis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439041 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439041",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/30/amazon-warren-buffett-are-teaming-to-insure-their-own-employees/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 579,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1517593247,
"excerpt": "The new company will be independent and \"free from profit-making incentives and constraints,\" Buffett said, with a focus on technology that provides \"simplified, high-quality and transparent\" care.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The new company will be independent and "free from profit-making incentives and constraints," Buffett said, with a focus on technology that provides "simplified, high-quality and transparent" care.",
"title": "Amazon, Warren Buffett, JPMorgan Teaming to Insure Their Own Employees | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Amazon, Warren Buffett, JPMorgan Teaming to Insure Their Own Employees",
"datePublished": "2018-01-30T10:18:57-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-02-02T09:40:47-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "amazon-warren-buffett-are-teaming-to-insure-their-own-employees",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Tom Murphy\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/439041/amazon-warren-buffett-are-teaming-to-insure-their-own-employees",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amazon, Warren Buffett and JPMorgan are forming a new company to address the health care costs of their employees, sending shares of health care companies down sharply across the entire sector despite the vague nature of the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday Amazon's Jeff Bezos said that he, along with Buffet and JPMorgan, would attempt to make health care better for hundreds of thousands of their employees, and perhaps, eventually, the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were few details and those involved said the project is in the early planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ballooning costs of (health care) act as a hungry tapeworm on the American economy,\" said Buffett, the head of Berkshire Hathaway, in a prepared statement. \"Our group does not come to this problem with answers. But we also do not accept it as inevitable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new company will be independent and \"free from profit-making incentives and constraints.\" The businesses said the new venture's initial focus would be on technology that provides \"simplified, high-quality and transparent\" care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not clear if the ultimate goal is to eventually move beyond Amazon, Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan. However, JPMorgan Chairman and CEO Jaimie Dimon said, \"our goal is to create solutions that benefit our U.S. employees, their families and, potentially, all Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential disruption from three renowned innovators in technology and finance sent a shock wave through the health care sector, erasing billions in market capitalization in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six of the top ten companies with significant share declines on the Standard & Poor's 500 index were health care companies. Almost all companies in the health field were in retreat Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for a solution to the health care crises in the U.S. is intense. With about 151 million non-elderly people, employer-sponsored coverage is the largest part of the U.S. health insurance market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care costs for companies routinely rise faster than inflation and eat up bigger portions of their budgets. Americans are mired in a confusing system that creates a mix of prices in the same market for the same procedure or drug and offers no easy path for finding the best deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising costs of health care have dragged on U.S. companies, big and small, and employees are increasingly feeling that pain. Employers have hiked deductibles and other expenses for employees, meaning less spending power for almost all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 50 percent of companies with three to 49 employees offered coverage last year, according to the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation. That's down from 66 percent more than a decade ago. The federal Affordable Care Act requires all companies with 50 or more full-time employees to offer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, Berkshire and JP Morgan say they can bring their scale and \"complementary expertise\" to what they describe as a long-term campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's entry into the health market has been perceived as imminent, even though the company had announced nothing publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been watched very closely on Wall Street, which has seen Amazon disrupt numerous industries ranging from book stores to clothing chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, which mostly sold books when it was founded more than 20 years ago, has radically altered the way in which people buy diapers, toys or paper towels. Most recently it has upended the grocery sector, spending $14 billion last year for Whole Foods Market Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP writer Joseph Pisani contributed to this report from New York. Murphy reported from Indianapolis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439041/amazon-warren-buffett-are-teaming-to-insure-their-own-employees",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_439041"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1379",
"futureofyou_419",
"futureofyou_1456"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_439043",
"label": "source_futureofyou_439041"
},
"futureofyou_438097": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_438097",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438097",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1517332181000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-its-like-for-a-woman-to-be-targeted-by-an-online-mob",
"title": "What It's Like to Be Targeted by an Online Mob",
"publishDate": 1517332181,
"format": "image",
"headTitle": "What It’s Like to Be Targeted by an Online Mob | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Zoë Quinn is a video game developer who was one of several women in the industry targeted by online harassment campaigns using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_controversy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Gamergate\u003c/a>. The harassment started after an ex-boyfriend published a disparaging blog post about Quinn, and as it spread online, her detractors multiplied, leading to the public posting of her address, the hacking of her internet accounts, and numerous rape and death threats. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This edited excerpt is from Quinn’s book “CRASH OVERRIDE: How Gamergate (Nearly) Destroyed My Life, and How We Can Win the Fight Against Online Hate,” published in September 2017 by PublicAffairs, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has ever expressed an opinion on the internet knows, it’s not all sunshine and rainbows. Every rose has its thorn, and every news story has its comments section. As the internet has graduated out of nerds’ basements and into the mainstream, its formerly separate communities have come in closer and closer contact. For years, the people who preferred hanging out in small subcultural message boards and interest-based communities stayed pretty isolated, but with the advent of social media, the people who wind up on “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Catch_a_Predator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">To Catch a Predator\u003c/a>” now have accounts on Twitter, Facebook et al., alongside your sweet grandma — assuming your grandmother hasn’t been caught trying to lure kids into a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you stick mainly to mainstream sites, you’ve probably seen glimpses of the internet’s underbelly in the notorious comments sections at the bottom of news articles. The article could be about a local man saving a box of kittens from a burning building, but no matter: The comments will accuse him of hating dogs, setting the building on fire in the first place, and secretly being Barack Obama’s Kenyan uncle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably wondered two things: Who are these people, and what the hell is going on here?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Override Network\u003c/a> — organization dedicated to fighting online abuse and providing assistance to victims, co-founded by Zoë Quinn. Includes automated \u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/coach.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cybersecurity helper\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>My teenaged obsession with shock sites like \u003ca href=\"https://theoutline.com/post/2549/rotten-com-is-offline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rotten.com\u003c/a> started a lifelong hobby of spelunking through the weird pockets of the internet. This exploration taught me a lot (and, uh . . . showed me a lot) and exposed the fact that internet culture is essentially a magnificent patchwork of specific subcultures — good, bad and strange as hell. For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible, often without consent. For every community of angsty kids who pretend they are secretly vampires, there are seven different forums of white nationalists who sincerely believe that Jewish people are secretly vampires. For every geeky and silly toy collector’s community, there are forums full of dudes collecting upskirt photos of random women and girls who had no idea they were about to become porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-438546\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-160x243.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-240x365.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-375x570.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-520x790.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\">\u003c/a>Attempting to explain anonymous message-board culture to the uninitiated is a lot like trying to explain an inside joke — you can lay out the particulars, but it won’t carry the same weight or meaning. It’s complicated and difficult to parse, like most things about internet culture, but here’s a brief overview. Opened in 1999, a Japanese site called 2channel was the first board in this genre. An anonymous board where admins are virtually nonexistent, this site has enabled corporate whistleblowing as well as frank, open exchanges about taboo subjects like mental health and sexuality. Alongside these generally positive discussions, the boards are teeming with slander, hate speech, porn, nationalism, and general unchecked terribleness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2channel’s American counterpart is 4chan, an image board launched by a 15-year-old boy in 2003. Fourteen years later, 4chan is a hugely influential force on the internet: “the ground zero of Western web culture,” as one journalist put it. Most of the memes you see on social media were invented there — everything from \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/lolcats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LOLCats\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rickroll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rickrolling\u003c/a>. It’s also a breeding ground for not-so-cute things, including a hoax hashtag with the goal of getting young girls to #CutForBieber, campaigns to troll the social media of dead teenagers, and murderers occasionally posting pictures of their victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reddit has an even larger version of this problem, in both size and scope. Calling itself the “front page of the internet” and clocking in at 36 million user accounts, Reddit allows anyone to create a “subreddit,” a discussion area dedicated to any subculture or interest on its site. This model has allowed mentally ill people to find community without stigma, locals to exchange highly specific information about what’s good in their neighborhoods, and even President Obama to hop online and answer readers’ questions. But, like 4chan, it’s also been a hotbed for communities founded on hatred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddit isn’t as anonymous as 4chan — users must create accounts and can be banned — but the site was created with a sort of free-speech absolutism in mind. Before it was shut down, the subreddit /r/Jailbait was a board for sharing sexualized pictures of underaged girls, and “jailbait” was the second-most-popular search term leading people to Reddit. Reddit users voted Jailbait the Best Subreddit of 2008, with double the number of votes received by the runner-up. It took six years and multiple public scandals to finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-r-jailbait-shutdown-controversy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">close it\u003c/a>. Reddit has only recently started banning other repugnant subreddits, including hateful and blatantly racist forums, though many of them live on and new ones spring up constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/10/04/zoe-quinn-on-gamergate-fighting-online-harassment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zoë Quinn on KQED Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Poorly moderated anonymous communities can have the capricious morality of any mob. In 2009, when two videos featuring the physical abuse of a domestic cat named Dusty by a person calling himself “Timmy” were posted on YouTube, the 4chan community tracked down the originator of the videos and passed his details on to the local police department. The suspect was arrested, and the cat was treated by a veterinarian and taken to a safe place. This kind of “internet detectivery” has been banned from many traditional online forums outside 4chan. It’s invasive, it’s sometimes used simply to intimidate or harass people, and the mob is often wrong, with very real consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you consider how a tendency for vigilante action might manifest itself in a community founded on hating people together, you can see how the results might turn scary. Stormfront, a message board for white supremacists, was founded by former Ku Klux Klan leader Don Black in 1995 and had more than 300,000 users as of May 2015. Calling it “the Web’s first and best-known hate site,” the Southern Poverty Law Center’s March 2014 intelligence report stated, “Stormfront users have been disproportionately responsible for some of the most lethal hate crimes and mass killings since the site was put up in 1995. In the past five years alone, Stormfront members have murdered close to 100 people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This escalation from hate speech to real action isn’t unique to Stormfront’s user base. Before embarking on a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/26/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shooting spree\u003c/a> that killed six and injured 14, Elliot Rodger posted a video on several internet forums dedicated to hating women, discussing the deeply misogynist and racist motives for his rampage. He namechecked one of these sites in his manifesto, saying he had discovered “a forum full of men who are starved of sex, just like me.” The forum had “confirmed many of the theories I had about how wicked and degenerate women really are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-e1516148809366.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoe Quinn (right), with Anita Sarkeesian, also a #Gamergate target, were guest speakers at the introduction of a UN report called ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2015/cyber_violence_gender%20report.pdf?v=1&d=20150924T154259\">Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls: A World-Wide Wake-Up Call\u003c/a>.’ \u003ccite>(UN Women/Ryan Brown)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bad Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one piece of advice that most often gets passed around to anyone who experiences harassment or abuse on the internet: “Don’t feed the trolls.” This maxim is passed off as gospel and is applied across the board, whether you’re a kid getting into your very first Facebook argument or an experienced developer dealing with death threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This advice is wrong. Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of behavior is not just about terrorizing you; it’s about control. It’s about making you want to disappear, instilling fear and limiting your possibilities. It’s about punishing you for stepping out of line. It’s about isolating and hurting you in specific ways to provoke a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In my case, it became obvious that my attackers’ dream was to get me to stop “feeding the trolls” and shut up. They didn’t want to tease me; they wanted me gone. There were countless forms of harassment — the same channels that I had used to talk with friends, grow my business, and share weird videos were now full of threats, slurs, and all manner of nastiness. It escalated to include sexual or violent images with my face Photoshopped into them. My inbox started to fill up with pictures of women being raped. As strangers stalked through everything I had said or done online since I was 12, looking for more ammo, lies and conspiracy theories about me snowballed into weirder and more extreme accusations. These would then be blasted out widely, and also directly to my colleagues in games. Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tools of Abuse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to have a single person going after you with all of the above tactics; it’s something else entirely when a community forms around doing so. The networked nature of the internet doesn’t just make it easier for stalkers to find you; it also makes it easier for them to find each other. These tools of abuse serve both as an attack in and of themselves and as a rallying cry. They’re meant to be shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you’re the target of abuse like this, you’re basically screwed. Not only does the scope of abuse that you face increase exponentially with every single signal boost from a new member of the mob, but all of the good things about the web’s ability to bring people together are turned against you. The same techniques that people have used to organize important grassroots movements can be used by people trying to destroy someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”mlpZZdvOLAdS7bEg7MHbtPNH4WgpVTAX”]Attacking you becomes a participatory game in which people try to one-up each other in terms of who can get to you the most. In my case, I was struck by how many of the threats or disgusting remarks sent my way were made so publicly, usually while tagging other people. The ones that were especially vicious were rewarded with likes, shares, and people joining in on the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This phenomenon is often referred to as “dogpiling.” The cool remix culture that facilitates the spread of fanart and memes suddenly becomes a powerful tool to hurt someone. Photos and videos of you are Photoshopped to label you a whore or to make you look uglier or fatter and then shared the same way cute pictures of cats are. Memes are easily co-opted by other people, who made reams of almost propaganda-like images with my face Photoshopped onto them. It wasn’t really about me anymore. The mob was engaging in a performative group activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of community building is quite deliberate and direct. As the 4chan threads kept growing in size and the mob gained momentum, I noticed that a chatroom had sprung up in the original posts. The chatroom participants worked as a team to try to discover personal information about everyone connected to me, referring to it as “digging” and sharing form letters and tactics on how to best alert anyone in my life that I was a horrible slut. They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They shared elaborate fantasies about raping and murdering me, discussing the pros and cons of each. They talked about how to break into all of my accounts to try to find more ways to invade my privacy. They bragged about victories like flooding my game’s page with hatred and nude photos of me and went so far as to create guides to share tactics on how best to ruin my life. They even orchestrated plans to donate to various charities specifically to make themselves look like concerned citizens and not a mob of people trying to get me killed. They built friendships and bonded with each other by reinforcing their dedication to the righteous cause of taking me down, reminding themselves at every turn that they were the good guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A mob has more tools at its disposal than individual actors do. Popularity — the quantity of clicks or views on any given page — is tracked and exploited by algorithms online, and a mob is a critical mass. If thousands of people are linking to something about you, that will quickly become the first thing people see when they Google your name, regardless of whether it’s a fact-checked news article or a video about what a bitch you are. Many sites allow their user base to vote on what is good content and what’s garbage, and mobs manipulate these systems to their targets’ detriment. There are also services that direct people away from sketchy websites that contain viruses, and the mob had flooded such services with false reports to make my websites and social media accounts inaccessible. My cohorts and I call this “brigading” — when people manipulate online systems to force their target into silence or hurt the person. Mass false reporting is a common tool to try to make the legitimate sites belonging to targets of online abuse vanish, as many systems are automated to react to a large volume of reports. Law enforcement agencies and government bodies like the IRS have online reporting systems that can also be manipulated this way by a mob.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a game designer, I can spot a game being played. And the more people who join in on the “fun,” the faster you become an abstract concept for your aggressors to hate. This might sound sort of comforting or like a way to defang the attacks, but in reality, it’s the opposite — this “game” is another way that you are dehumanized, and it makes it easier for a mob to grow its ranks and escalate its attacks. You’re just data, and data doesn’t bleed. You’re a symbol, and hating you can become part of someone’s identity, just as any other hobby might. Just as they would in a game, they are always trying to make their numbers go up. And plenty of the witch hunters advance from amateur to professional.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "After an ex-boyfriend published a disparaging blog post about game designer Zoë Quinn, it rapidly metastasized into a mass campaign of abuse.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721151424,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 29,
"wordCount": 2814
},
"headData": {
"title": "What It’s Like to Be Targeted by an Online Mob",
"description": "After an ex-boyfriend published a disparaging blog post about game designer Zoë Quinn, it rapidly metastasized into a mass campaign of abuse.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What It's Like to Be Targeted by an Online Mob",
"datePublished": "2018-01-30T09:09:41-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-16T10:37:04-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"sticky": false,
"nprByline": "Zoë Quinn",
"path": "/futureofyou/438097/what-its-like-for-a-woman-to-be-targeted-by-an-online-mob",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Zoë Quinn is a video game developer who was one of several women in the industry targeted by online harassment campaigns using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_controversy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Gamergate\u003c/a>. The harassment started after an ex-boyfriend published a disparaging blog post about Quinn, and as it spread online, her detractors multiplied, leading to the public posting of her address, the hacking of her internet accounts, and numerous rape and death threats. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This edited excerpt is from Quinn’s book “CRASH OVERRIDE: How Gamergate (Nearly) Destroyed My Life, and How We Can Win the Fight Against Online Hate,” published in September 2017 by PublicAffairs, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has ever expressed an opinion on the internet knows, it’s not all sunshine and rainbows. Every rose has its thorn, and every news story has its comments section. As the internet has graduated out of nerds’ basements and into the mainstream, its formerly separate communities have come in closer and closer contact. For years, the people who preferred hanging out in small subcultural message boards and interest-based communities stayed pretty isolated, but with the advent of social media, the people who wind up on “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Catch_a_Predator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">To Catch a Predator\u003c/a>” now have accounts on Twitter, Facebook et al., alongside your sweet grandma — assuming your grandmother hasn’t been caught trying to lure kids into a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you stick mainly to mainstream sites, you’ve probably seen glimpses of the internet’s underbelly in the notorious comments sections at the bottom of news articles. The article could be about a local man saving a box of kittens from a burning building, but no matter: The comments will accuse him of hating dogs, setting the building on fire in the first place, and secretly being Barack Obama’s Kenyan uncle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably wondered two things: Who are these people, and what the hell is going on here?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Override Network\u003c/a> — organization dedicated to fighting online abuse and providing assistance to victims, co-founded by Zoë Quinn. Includes automated \u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/coach.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cybersecurity helper\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>My teenaged obsession with shock sites like \u003ca href=\"https://theoutline.com/post/2549/rotten-com-is-offline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rotten.com\u003c/a> started a lifelong hobby of spelunking through the weird pockets of the internet. This exploration taught me a lot (and, uh . . . showed me a lot) and exposed the fact that internet culture is essentially a magnificent patchwork of specific subcultures — good, bad and strange as hell. For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible, often without consent. For every community of angsty kids who pretend they are secretly vampires, there are seven different forums of white nationalists who sincerely believe that Jewish people are secretly vampires. For every geeky and silly toy collector’s community, there are forums full of dudes collecting upskirt photos of random women and girls who had no idea they were about to become porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-438546\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-160x243.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-240x365.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-375x570.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-520x790.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\">\u003c/a>Attempting to explain anonymous message-board culture to the uninitiated is a lot like trying to explain an inside joke — you can lay out the particulars, but it won’t carry the same weight or meaning. It’s complicated and difficult to parse, like most things about internet culture, but here’s a brief overview. Opened in 1999, a Japanese site called 2channel was the first board in this genre. An anonymous board where admins are virtually nonexistent, this site has enabled corporate whistleblowing as well as frank, open exchanges about taboo subjects like mental health and sexuality. Alongside these generally positive discussions, the boards are teeming with slander, hate speech, porn, nationalism, and general unchecked terribleness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2channel’s American counterpart is 4chan, an image board launched by a 15-year-old boy in 2003. Fourteen years later, 4chan is a hugely influential force on the internet: “the ground zero of Western web culture,” as one journalist put it. Most of the memes you see on social media were invented there — everything from \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/lolcats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LOLCats\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rickroll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rickrolling\u003c/a>. It’s also a breeding ground for not-so-cute things, including a hoax hashtag with the goal of getting young girls to #CutForBieber, campaigns to troll the social media of dead teenagers, and murderers occasionally posting pictures of their victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reddit has an even larger version of this problem, in both size and scope. Calling itself the “front page of the internet” and clocking in at 36 million user accounts, Reddit allows anyone to create a “subreddit,” a discussion area dedicated to any subculture or interest on its site. This model has allowed mentally ill people to find community without stigma, locals to exchange highly specific information about what’s good in their neighborhoods, and even President Obama to hop online and answer readers’ questions. But, like 4chan, it’s also been a hotbed for communities founded on hatred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddit isn’t as anonymous as 4chan — users must create accounts and can be banned — but the site was created with a sort of free-speech absolutism in mind. Before it was shut down, the subreddit /r/Jailbait was a board for sharing sexualized pictures of underaged girls, and “jailbait” was the second-most-popular search term leading people to Reddit. Reddit users voted Jailbait the Best Subreddit of 2008, with double the number of votes received by the runner-up. It took six years and multiple public scandals to finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-r-jailbait-shutdown-controversy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">close it\u003c/a>. Reddit has only recently started banning other repugnant subreddits, including hateful and blatantly racist forums, though many of them live on and new ones spring up constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/10/04/zoe-quinn-on-gamergate-fighting-online-harassment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zoë Quinn on KQED Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Poorly moderated anonymous communities can have the capricious morality of any mob. In 2009, when two videos featuring the physical abuse of a domestic cat named Dusty by a person calling himself “Timmy” were posted on YouTube, the 4chan community tracked down the originator of the videos and passed his details on to the local police department. The suspect was arrested, and the cat was treated by a veterinarian and taken to a safe place. This kind of “internet detectivery” has been banned from many traditional online forums outside 4chan. It’s invasive, it’s sometimes used simply to intimidate or harass people, and the mob is often wrong, with very real consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you consider how a tendency for vigilante action might manifest itself in a community founded on hating people together, you can see how the results might turn scary. Stormfront, a message board for white supremacists, was founded by former Ku Klux Klan leader Don Black in 1995 and had more than 300,000 users as of May 2015. Calling it “the Web’s first and best-known hate site,” the Southern Poverty Law Center’s March 2014 intelligence report stated, “Stormfront users have been disproportionately responsible for some of the most lethal hate crimes and mass killings since the site was put up in 1995. In the past five years alone, Stormfront members have murdered close to 100 people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This escalation from hate speech to real action isn’t unique to Stormfront’s user base. Before embarking on a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/26/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shooting spree\u003c/a> that killed six and injured 14, Elliot Rodger posted a video on several internet forums dedicated to hating women, discussing the deeply misogynist and racist motives for his rampage. He namechecked one of these sites in his manifesto, saying he had discovered “a forum full of men who are starved of sex, just like me.” The forum had “confirmed many of the theories I had about how wicked and degenerate women really are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-e1516148809366.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoe Quinn (right), with Anita Sarkeesian, also a #Gamergate target, were guest speakers at the introduction of a UN report called ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2015/cyber_violence_gender%20report.pdf?v=1&d=20150924T154259\">Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls: A World-Wide Wake-Up Call\u003c/a>.’ \u003ccite>(UN Women/Ryan Brown)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bad Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one piece of advice that most often gets passed around to anyone who experiences harassment or abuse on the internet: “Don’t feed the trolls.” This maxim is passed off as gospel and is applied across the board, whether you’re a kid getting into your very first Facebook argument or an experienced developer dealing with death threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This advice is wrong. Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of behavior is not just about terrorizing you; it’s about control. It’s about making you want to disappear, instilling fear and limiting your possibilities. It’s about punishing you for stepping out of line. It’s about isolating and hurting you in specific ways to provoke a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In my case, it became obvious that my attackers’ dream was to get me to stop “feeding the trolls” and shut up. They didn’t want to tease me; they wanted me gone. There were countless forms of harassment — the same channels that I had used to talk with friends, grow my business, and share weird videos were now full of threats, slurs, and all manner of nastiness. It escalated to include sexual or violent images with my face Photoshopped into them. My inbox started to fill up with pictures of women being raped. As strangers stalked through everything I had said or done online since I was 12, looking for more ammo, lies and conspiracy theories about me snowballed into weirder and more extreme accusations. These would then be blasted out widely, and also directly to my colleagues in games. Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tools of Abuse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to have a single person going after you with all of the above tactics; it’s something else entirely when a community forms around doing so. The networked nature of the internet doesn’t just make it easier for stalkers to find you; it also makes it easier for them to find each other. These tools of abuse serve both as an attack in and of themselves and as a rallying cry. They’re meant to be shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you’re the target of abuse like this, you’re basically screwed. Not only does the scope of abuse that you face increase exponentially with every single signal boost from a new member of the mob, but all of the good things about the web’s ability to bring people together are turned against you. The same techniques that people have used to organize important grassroots movements can be used by people trying to destroy someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Attacking you becomes a participatory game in which people try to one-up each other in terms of who can get to you the most. In my case, I was struck by how many of the threats or disgusting remarks sent my way were made so publicly, usually while tagging other people. The ones that were especially vicious were rewarded with likes, shares, and people joining in on the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This phenomenon is often referred to as “dogpiling.” The cool remix culture that facilitates the spread of fanart and memes suddenly becomes a powerful tool to hurt someone. Photos and videos of you are Photoshopped to label you a whore or to make you look uglier or fatter and then shared the same way cute pictures of cats are. Memes are easily co-opted by other people, who made reams of almost propaganda-like images with my face Photoshopped onto them. It wasn’t really about me anymore. The mob was engaging in a performative group activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of community building is quite deliberate and direct. As the 4chan threads kept growing in size and the mob gained momentum, I noticed that a chatroom had sprung up in the original posts. The chatroom participants worked as a team to try to discover personal information about everyone connected to me, referring to it as “digging” and sharing form letters and tactics on how to best alert anyone in my life that I was a horrible slut. They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They shared elaborate fantasies about raping and murdering me, discussing the pros and cons of each. They talked about how to break into all of my accounts to try to find more ways to invade my privacy. They bragged about victories like flooding my game’s page with hatred and nude photos of me and went so far as to create guides to share tactics on how best to ruin my life. They even orchestrated plans to donate to various charities specifically to make themselves look like concerned citizens and not a mob of people trying to get me killed. They built friendships and bonded with each other by reinforcing their dedication to the righteous cause of taking me down, reminding themselves at every turn that they were the good guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A mob has more tools at its disposal than individual actors do. Popularity — the quantity of clicks or views on any given page — is tracked and exploited by algorithms online, and a mob is a critical mass. If thousands of people are linking to something about you, that will quickly become the first thing people see when they Google your name, regardless of whether it’s a fact-checked news article or a video about what a bitch you are. Many sites allow their user base to vote on what is good content and what’s garbage, and mobs manipulate these systems to their targets’ detriment. There are also services that direct people away from sketchy websites that contain viruses, and the mob had flooded such services with false reports to make my websites and social media accounts inaccessible. My cohorts and I call this “brigading” — when people manipulate online systems to force their target into silence or hurt the person. Mass false reporting is a common tool to try to make the legitimate sites belonging to targets of online abuse vanish, as many systems are automated to react to a large volume of reports. Law enforcement agencies and government bodies like the IRS have online reporting systems that can also be manipulated this way by a mob.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a game designer, I can spot a game being played. And the more people who join in on the “fun,” the faster you become an abstract concept for your aggressors to hate. This might sound sort of comforting or like a way to defang the attacks, but in reality, it’s the opposite — this “game” is another way that you are dehumanized, and it makes it easier for a mob to grow its ranks and escalate its attacks. You’re just data, and data doesn’t bleed. You’re a symbol, and hating you can become part of someone’s identity, just as any other hobby might. Just as they would in a game, they are always trying to make their numbers go up. And plenty of the witch hunters advance from amateur to professional.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/438097/what-its-like-for-a-woman-to-be-targeted-by-an-online-mob",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_438097"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73",
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1445",
"futureofyou_1439",
"futureofyou_1442",
"futureofyou_1446",
"futureofyou_1444",
"futureofyou_174",
"futureofyou_1443"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_438541",
"label": "source_futureofyou_438097"
},
"futureofyou_438782": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_438782",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438782",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1517252159000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1517252159,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "If Digital Health is the Future, the Future is Not Here. Yet.",
"title": "If Digital Health is the Future, the Future is Not Here. Yet.",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>In 1995, in order to educate its clients on what technology to adopt, the IT consulting firm Gartner \u003ca href=\"https://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a graph\u003c/a> illustrating the “hype cycle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model posits that when a new technology is developed, it creates a frenzy of anticipation, leading to a Peak of Inflated Expectations. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/fitbits-decline-is-a-reflection-of-the-end-of-the-over-hyped-promise-of-wearables-73823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Failing\u003c/a> to live up to its pie-in-the-sky promise, the technology then becomes the butt of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9507aK_nBHo&ab_channel=cgmcreative\">jokes and derision\u003c/a> — a Trough of Disillusionment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 506px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438726 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/gartner-for-marketers-hype-cycle.png\" alt=\"A graph showing the rise, fall, and subsequent rise of new forms of technology\" width=\"506\" height=\"259\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hype Cycle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as it improves, it reaccumulates credibility -- the Slope of Enlightenment. The technology then matures into the mainstream, where the rollercoaster lifecycle finally smooths out along the Plateau of Productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this, says Dr. Robert Wachter, author of \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/the-digital-doctor/\">The Digital Doctor\u003c/a>\" and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF, “turns out to be a perfect map for digital medicine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does This Stuff Work? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables. [But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.'\u003ccite>Dr. Brennan Spiegel, Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-017-0002-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> published this month in the journal \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em> would seem to buttress Wachter’s view. The study, conducted mostly by researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, takes a broad look at the effectiveness of wearable sensors. The study looked at 16 randomized controlled trials, published from 2000 to 2016, which researchers assessed to be high quality. To be included in the study, devices had to be non-invasive, wearable, and capable of automatically transmitting data to a web portal or mobile app for review by patients or health providers. Among the devices tested were internet-connected weight scales, blood pressure monitors and activity trackers with text-message reminders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary question researchers wanted to answer: Do these wearable biosensors make patients healthier?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not very much, was the conclusion. The analysis found no significant difference in health outcomes like weight or blood pressure between patients who used the devices and those who didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say they were not surprised, and they hope the work will pave the way for better development and use of remote health monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables,” says co-author Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research in Los Angeles. “[But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors did note some positive effect in certain cases. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/4/6229/htm\">a study\u003c/a> looking at Parkinson’s patients found a positive effect when physical therapy included devices that gave feedback about gaits; and in some trials patients did lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438738\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438738 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/6905654506_5ac041bada_k-1020x752.jpg\" alt=\"Three joggers near a body of water.\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wearing an activity tracker does not necessarily lead to more activity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The most successful studies tend to be coupled with some behavioral intervention,” Spiegel says. This added component sometimes took the form of a health coach or cognitive behavioral therapy, in addition to use of the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the greatest hurdles to efficacy in the digital health revolution may not be technical, but human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we conclude in the study is that digital health is not a computer science or an engineering science; it’s a social and behavioral science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology.'\u003ccite>Dr. Bob Wachter, author of 'The Digital Doctor'\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other recently published research, a \u003ca href=\"http://mhealth.jmir.org/2018/1/e23/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">systematic review\u003c/a> of systematic reviews, focused on mobile health interventions, most frequently involving text messaging. The analysis, published in the\u003cem> Journal of Medical Internet Research mHealth and uHealth\u003c/em>, looked at 371 studies published between 2009 and 2016, comprised of nearly 80,000 patients. The studied interventions included apps to manage chronic disease, increase treatment adherence and modify behavior. The analysis found evidence that mobile health apps helped with a variety of conditions, including symptom improvement in chronic pulmonary disease and heart failure; glycemic control in diabetes patients; and blood pressure in those with hypertension. There was also evidence that text reminders improved adherence to tuberculosis and HIV therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"cJJOGi35mjmKyVRrfPXWGXPW5fc4Gdks\"]However, the quality of the evidence for many studies was rated as generally low. Among the more rigorous studies were those that found good evidence for improvement in asthma symptoms, appointment attendance and smoking cessation rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medicine Needs to do Better. Will Technology Help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter ticked off the ways medicine is \"coming up short in what we want from it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Safety is not very good,\" he says. \"We harm and kill a lot of people because of medical mistakes. People are not very satisfied ... . Access is often quite bad. And the costs are bankrupting local governments, national governments, and businesses and individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Investors] wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.'\u003ccite>Melissa Buckley, California Health Care Foundation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And yet, “Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology,\" he says. \"Think about how manufacturing, retail, financial services, travel, journalism, pretty much every field has been overtaken by technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These manifold inefficiencies present a natural target for technologists, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have the technology trigger, a massive uptick in expectation. Then, of course, studies like [the one in \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em>] come out and it leads to a rapid downslope, that Trough of Disillusionment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wachter, as well as many other experts, believe remote sensors, mobile health and tech-enhanced medical services will play an important role in the future of medicine, because there are so many people who need help monitoring chronic disease and guidance on diet and exercise. It’s just too time-consuming and costly to always get these directly from medical professionals, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now many people take a half-day off work to go to a 15- minute visit to see the doctor. That’s crazy. How can that be the model over time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter predicts digital health devices will eventually become as indispensable as smartphones and personal assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has not happened yet in remote patient monitoring. My suspicion is that over time it probably will, but we have to learn a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Buckley is director of the Health Innovation Fund for the California Health Care Foundation, which is dedicated to improving health care for low-income state residents. The fund invests in technology and service companies it hopes will help in that mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says she’s seen companies only in the last two years try to shorten the hype cycle, which they're doing by becoming more realistic and intentional in the design and deployment of technology. She points out that some of the studies cited in the \u003cem>Digital Health \u003c/em>analysis date back to 2000, when devices were relatively primitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the initial phase of excitement over using technology to solve health problems, she says, many investors put money into simple concepts. “They wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field is learning, she believes, to be more attuned to what patients really need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But just because [some tool] is digital, we shouldn’t think it will be magically effective.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "438782 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438782",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/29/digital-medicine-may-have-just-hit-the-trough-of-disillusionment/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1223,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 33
},
"modified": 1517528450,
"excerpt": "Studies of wearable biosensors for patients found they made patients healthier very occasionally, with most interventions showing no benefit over conventional treatment.\r\n",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Studies of wearable biosensors for patients found they made patients healthier very occasionally, with most interventions showing no benefit over conventional treatment.\r\n",
"title": "If Digital Health is the Future, the Future is Not Here. Yet. | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "If Digital Health is the Future, the Future is Not Here. Yet.",
"datePublished": "2018-01-29T10:55:59-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-02-01T15:40:50-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "digital-medicine-may-have-just-hit-the-trough-of-disillusionment",
"status": "publish",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/438782/digital-medicine-may-have-just-hit-the-trough-of-disillusionment",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1995, in order to educate its clients on what technology to adopt, the IT consulting firm Gartner \u003ca href=\"https://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a graph\u003c/a> illustrating the “hype cycle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model posits that when a new technology is developed, it creates a frenzy of anticipation, leading to a Peak of Inflated Expectations. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/fitbits-decline-is-a-reflection-of-the-end-of-the-over-hyped-promise-of-wearables-73823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Failing\u003c/a> to live up to its pie-in-the-sky promise, the technology then becomes the butt of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9507aK_nBHo&ab_channel=cgmcreative\">jokes and derision\u003c/a> — a Trough of Disillusionment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 506px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438726 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/gartner-for-marketers-hype-cycle.png\" alt=\"A graph showing the rise, fall, and subsequent rise of new forms of technology\" width=\"506\" height=\"259\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hype Cycle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as it improves, it reaccumulates credibility -- the Slope of Enlightenment. The technology then matures into the mainstream, where the rollercoaster lifecycle finally smooths out along the Plateau of Productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this, says Dr. Robert Wachter, author of \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/the-digital-doctor/\">The Digital Doctor\u003c/a>\" and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF, “turns out to be a perfect map for digital medicine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does This Stuff Work? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables. [But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.'\u003ccite>Dr. Brennan Spiegel, Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-017-0002-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> published this month in the journal \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em> would seem to buttress Wachter’s view. The study, conducted mostly by researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, takes a broad look at the effectiveness of wearable sensors. The study looked at 16 randomized controlled trials, published from 2000 to 2016, which researchers assessed to be high quality. To be included in the study, devices had to be non-invasive, wearable, and capable of automatically transmitting data to a web portal or mobile app for review by patients or health providers. Among the devices tested were internet-connected weight scales, blood pressure monitors and activity trackers with text-message reminders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary question researchers wanted to answer: Do these wearable biosensors make patients healthier?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not very much, was the conclusion. The analysis found no significant difference in health outcomes like weight or blood pressure between patients who used the devices and those who didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say they were not surprised, and they hope the work will pave the way for better development and use of remote health monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables,” says co-author Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research in Los Angeles. “[But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors did note some positive effect in certain cases. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/4/6229/htm\">a study\u003c/a> looking at Parkinson’s patients found a positive effect when physical therapy included devices that gave feedback about gaits; and in some trials patients did lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438738\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438738 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/6905654506_5ac041bada_k-1020x752.jpg\" alt=\"Three joggers near a body of water.\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wearing an activity tracker does not necessarily lead to more activity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The most successful studies tend to be coupled with some behavioral intervention,” Spiegel says. This added component sometimes took the form of a health coach or cognitive behavioral therapy, in addition to use of the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the greatest hurdles to efficacy in the digital health revolution may not be technical, but human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we conclude in the study is that digital health is not a computer science or an engineering science; it’s a social and behavioral science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology.'\u003ccite>Dr. Bob Wachter, author of 'The Digital Doctor'\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other recently published research, a \u003ca href=\"http://mhealth.jmir.org/2018/1/e23/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">systematic review\u003c/a> of systematic reviews, focused on mobile health interventions, most frequently involving text messaging. The analysis, published in the\u003cem> Journal of Medical Internet Research mHealth and uHealth\u003c/em>, looked at 371 studies published between 2009 and 2016, comprised of nearly 80,000 patients. The studied interventions included apps to manage chronic disease, increase treatment adherence and modify behavior. The analysis found evidence that mobile health apps helped with a variety of conditions, including symptom improvement in chronic pulmonary disease and heart failure; glycemic control in diabetes patients; and blood pressure in those with hypertension. There was also evidence that text reminders improved adherence to tuberculosis and HIV therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>However, the quality of the evidence for many studies was rated as generally low. Among the more rigorous studies were those that found good evidence for improvement in asthma symptoms, appointment attendance and smoking cessation rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medicine Needs to do Better. Will Technology Help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter ticked off the ways medicine is \"coming up short in what we want from it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Safety is not very good,\" he says. \"We harm and kill a lot of people because of medical mistakes. People are not very satisfied ... . Access is often quite bad. And the costs are bankrupting local governments, national governments, and businesses and individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Investors] wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.'\u003ccite>Melissa Buckley, California Health Care Foundation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And yet, “Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology,\" he says. \"Think about how manufacturing, retail, financial services, travel, journalism, pretty much every field has been overtaken by technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These manifold inefficiencies present a natural target for technologists, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have the technology trigger, a massive uptick in expectation. Then, of course, studies like [the one in \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em>] come out and it leads to a rapid downslope, that Trough of Disillusionment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wachter, as well as many other experts, believe remote sensors, mobile health and tech-enhanced medical services will play an important role in the future of medicine, because there are so many people who need help monitoring chronic disease and guidance on diet and exercise. It’s just too time-consuming and costly to always get these directly from medical professionals, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now many people take a half-day off work to go to a 15- minute visit to see the doctor. That’s crazy. How can that be the model over time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter predicts digital health devices will eventually become as indispensable as smartphones and personal assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has not happened yet in remote patient monitoring. My suspicion is that over time it probably will, but we have to learn a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Buckley is director of the Health Innovation Fund for the California Health Care Foundation, which is dedicated to improving health care for low-income state residents. The fund invests in technology and service companies it hopes will help in that mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says she’s seen companies only in the last two years try to shorten the hype cycle, which they're doing by becoming more realistic and intentional in the design and deployment of technology. She points out that some of the studies cited in the \u003cem>Digital Health \u003c/em>analysis date back to 2000, when devices were relatively primitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the initial phase of excitement over using technology to solve health problems, she says, many investors put money into simple concepts. “They wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field is learning, she believes, to be more attuned to what patients really need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But just because [some tool] is digital, we shouldn’t think it will be magically effective.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/438782/digital-medicine-may-have-just-hit-the-trough-of-disillusionment",
"authors": [
"11088"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_717",
"futureofyou_26",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_145",
"futureofyou_25"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_274615",
"label": "source_futureofyou_438782"
},
"futureofyou_438664": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_438664",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438664",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1516698088000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1516698088,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "What Happens When #MeToo Stories Reignite Old Trauma",
"title": "What Happens When #MeToo Stories Reignite Old Trauma",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>For victims of sexual violence, the flood of #MeToo sexual harassment stories may stir a mix of emotions. In many ways it can be validating to know you’re not alone. But the stories can also spark old memories and uncomfortable physical reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">During flashbacks, people with PTSD 'will see exactly what they saw at the time of the trauma.'\u003ccite>Dr Ruth Lanius, University of Western Ontario\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What’s happening right now has been a big trigger,\" says San Francisco resident Jane Johnstone.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The many tales of male sexual misconduct have ended careers in numerous workplaces, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/05/562188679/nprs-sexual-harassment-scandal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including NPR\u003c/a>. Initially Johnstone was relieved to see a national conversation unfolding about a subject painfully close to her heart, but it wasn't long before all the headlines sent her into a tailspin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just felt all of the things that I hadn't felt in so long,\" Johnstone, says. She's also been hit by waves of pain and sadness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's still so much shame.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[contextly_sidebar id=\"JehcYJDbzFhpUhsCW7dMIPhpciO3cWkD\"]The Body Stores the Memories \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much shame, for something that happened nearly 50 years in the past. When Johnstone was about eight years old, she was sexually abused by her best friend’s father. At first she was too young to fully understand his actions as wrong. But experts say her brain instinctively knew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When a child is abused, the innate alarm system may be activated. And this can cause distress under the level of conscious awareness,\" says Ruth Lanius, a psychiatrist at the University of Western Ontario who specializes in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That alarm system, located deep in the brain stem, will activate a region that helps a person detach, Lanius says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"oaEBLSzYfTzn0W8fF2puK5d5ivPgevbF\"]“People can go into an emotional shutdown response where they actually don't perceive sensory information anymore,\" Lanius says. \"They essentially become very disconnected from their own body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trauma Can Rewire the Nervous System\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone endured the abuse silently for several years. As an adult, she remained emotionally withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t get close to people,\" she says. \"I was afraid to open up and have really intimate relationships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response makes complete sense to Laurie Richer, a psychiatrist at UC San Francisco and the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://traumarecoverycenter.org/about-us/mental-health-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trauma Recovery Center.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So right away she developed a sense that not everybody's safe,\" Richer says. \"In general, especially when we're talking about sexual harassment, sexual assault, or sexual abuse, individuals tend to feel less safe in all relationships and especially in intimate relationships.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women are more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/women/women-trauma-and-ptsd.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">twice\u003c/a> as likely as men to develop PTSD, and survivors of sexual violence are particularly at risk. Richer says a traumatic experience can literally rewire the nervous system and alter the body’s coping mechanisms. Victims who develop PTSD may struggle with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/women/women-trauma-and-ptsd.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">symptoms\u003c/a>, such as hyperarousal, for their entire lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visceral nature of flashbacks is a unique symptom. In most people, a memory lights up the thinking part of the brain. In people with PTSD, a memory lights up the sensory area, so that the past is not just recalled, but rather relived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So people will see exactly what they saw at the time of the trauma. They may hear what they heard at the time of the trauma,\" Lanius says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It All Comes Rushing Back\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You can say to yourself, \"It’s 2018. I’m in the present. I’m safe.\"' \u003ccite>Dr Ruth Lanius, University of Western Ontario\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In her mid-40s, Johnstone finally sought therapy. Eventually she told her family what had happened to her, and she pressed charges against her abuser. He wasn’t arrested, but she says the\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>fact that he was confronted by authorities was enough to help put the past behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a decade passed, and Johnstone thought she had successfully overcome her childhood trauma. But the steady drumbeat of #MeToo stories reignited her PTSD symptoms. Suddenly she was anxious and irritable. She couldn't sleep. She feared another slide into depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What to Do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"z1T7EpABPy2XSlX8o4fEv4UZYZN3Ncjt\"]Psychiatrists recommend self-talk during these episodes, to calm the nervous system. “You can say to yourself, 'It’s 2018,' says Lanius. 'I’m in the present. I’m safe.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone called her therapist for a check-in. She says talking to someone in a safe space has been very helpful in quieting her emotions. The night after our interview, she cried hard, she says. For Johnstone, getting dragged back to the past is painful. Yet, she's also hopeful that a lot of healing is taking place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s very empowering to see all these women come forward and tell their stories and stand up,\" Johnstone says. She says the #MeToo voices are softening the internalized shame that kept both herself and so many women silent for too long. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "438664 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438664",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/23/what-happens-when-metoo-stories-reignite-old-trauma/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 895,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 28
},
"modified": 1539126408,
"excerpt": "A look at how a traumatic event may come back to haunt you, and what you can do about it. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A look at how a traumatic event may come back to haunt you, and what you can do about it. ",
"title": "What Happens When #MeToo Stories Reignite Old Trauma | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What Happens When #MeToo Stories Reignite Old Trauma",
"datePublished": "2018-01-23T01:01:28-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-10-09T16:06:48-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-happens-when-metoo-stories-reignite-old-trauma",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/01/SexHarassment2FORWEB.mp3",
"audioTrackLength": 284,
"path": "/futureofyou/438664/what-happens-when-metoo-stories-reignite-old-trauma",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For victims of sexual violence, the flood of #MeToo sexual harassment stories may stir a mix of emotions. In many ways it can be validating to know you’re not alone. But the stories can also spark old memories and uncomfortable physical reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">During flashbacks, people with PTSD 'will see exactly what they saw at the time of the trauma.'\u003ccite>Dr Ruth Lanius, University of Western Ontario\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What’s happening right now has been a big trigger,\" says San Francisco resident Jane Johnstone.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The many tales of male sexual misconduct have ended careers in numerous workplaces, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/05/562188679/nprs-sexual-harassment-scandal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including NPR\u003c/a>. Initially Johnstone was relieved to see a national conversation unfolding about a subject painfully close to her heart, but it wasn't long before all the headlines sent her into a tailspin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just felt all of the things that I hadn't felt in so long,\" Johnstone, says. She's also been hit by waves of pain and sadness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's still so much shame.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The Body Stores the Memories \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much shame, for something that happened nearly 50 years in the past. When Johnstone was about eight years old, she was sexually abused by her best friend’s father. At first she was too young to fully understand his actions as wrong. But experts say her brain instinctively knew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When a child is abused, the innate alarm system may be activated. And this can cause distress under the level of conscious awareness,\" says Ruth Lanius, a psychiatrist at the University of Western Ontario who specializes in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That alarm system, located deep in the brain stem, will activate a region that helps a person detach, Lanius says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“People can go into an emotional shutdown response where they actually don't perceive sensory information anymore,\" Lanius says. \"They essentially become very disconnected from their own body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trauma Can Rewire the Nervous System\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone endured the abuse silently for several years. As an adult, she remained emotionally withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t get close to people,\" she says. \"I was afraid to open up and have really intimate relationships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response makes complete sense to Laurie Richer, a psychiatrist at UC San Francisco and the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://traumarecoverycenter.org/about-us/mental-health-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trauma Recovery Center.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So right away she developed a sense that not everybody's safe,\" Richer says. \"In general, especially when we're talking about sexual harassment, sexual assault, or sexual abuse, individuals tend to feel less safe in all relationships and especially in intimate relationships.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women are more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/women/women-trauma-and-ptsd.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">twice\u003c/a> as likely as men to develop PTSD, and survivors of sexual violence are particularly at risk. Richer says a traumatic experience can literally rewire the nervous system and alter the body’s coping mechanisms. Victims who develop PTSD may struggle with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/women/women-trauma-and-ptsd.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">symptoms\u003c/a>, such as hyperarousal, for their entire lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visceral nature of flashbacks is a unique symptom. In most people, a memory lights up the thinking part of the brain. In people with PTSD, a memory lights up the sensory area, so that the past is not just recalled, but rather relived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So people will see exactly what they saw at the time of the trauma. They may hear what they heard at the time of the trauma,\" Lanius says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It All Comes Rushing Back\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You can say to yourself, \"It’s 2018. I’m in the present. I’m safe.\"' \u003ccite>Dr Ruth Lanius, University of Western Ontario\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In her mid-40s, Johnstone finally sought therapy. Eventually she told her family what had happened to her, and she pressed charges against her abuser. He wasn’t arrested, but she says the\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>fact that he was confronted by authorities was enough to help put the past behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a decade passed, and Johnstone thought she had successfully overcome her childhood trauma. But the steady drumbeat of #MeToo stories reignited her PTSD symptoms. Suddenly she was anxious and irritable. She couldn't sleep. She feared another slide into depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What to Do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Psychiatrists recommend self-talk during these episodes, to calm the nervous system. “You can say to yourself, 'It’s 2018,' says Lanius. 'I’m in the present. I’m safe.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone called her therapist for a check-in. She says talking to someone in a safe space has been very helpful in quieting her emotions. The night after our interview, she cried hard, she says. For Johnstone, getting dragged back to the past is painful. Yet, she's also hopeful that a lot of healing is taking place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s very empowering to see all these women come forward and tell their stories and stand up,\" Johnstone says. She says the #MeToo voices are softening the internalized shame that kept both herself and so many women silent for too long. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/438664/what-happens-when-metoo-stories-reignite-old-trauma",
"authors": [
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1453",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_1421",
"futureofyou_1312"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_438682",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_438526": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_438526",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438526",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1516608104000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1516608104,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Why Sexual Harassment Victims Can't Just 'Get Over It'",
"title": "Why Sexual Harassment Victims Can't Just 'Get Over It'",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Since October, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/27/weinstein-scandal-complete-list-accusers/804663001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dozens \u003c/a>of women accused Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment, a torrent of stories about male sexual misconduct has roiled workplaces in entertainment, journalism, government and the restaurant industry. Even \u003ca href=\"https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/yoga-girl-rachel-brathen-collects-more-than-300-metoo-yoga-stories-the-community-responds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yoga teachers\u003c/a> now face a day of reckoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many women have talked about the negative impact these experiences have had on their lives, but the distress isn't just anecdotal. A growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> links workplace sexual harassment to negative psychological and physical effects, and these can have consequences years after the events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cindy Patterson, workplace sexual harassment isn't just something that happened to her 25 years ago; she says it's something that still has an impact on her life today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Were Going to Break That Glass Ceiling'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her mid-20s, Patterson landed her dream job at a financial institution in the southwest, setting her sights high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was one of the only women, and we were going to break that glass ceiling,\" says Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The office becomes a place you can’t assume your safety and go about your work; instead you’re also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault ... It exhausts you.'\u003ccite>David Spiegel, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She quickly rose through the ranks. But when a new vice president laid off many of the women and brought in his own team, Patterson says, things changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little comments like, 'Oh, I see you’ve got some assets there, Cindy,' \" she recounts. \"This one guy would just stare at my breasts, and it was just -- it's bullying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her male executive colleagues scheduled meetings at topless bars, where they'd slide their hands under her dress. And it wasn't just over cocktails -- it happened at work, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table,\" she says. \"And it did shut me up. It would throw me off my game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human resources department \u003ca href=\"http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/institutionalbetrayal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrugged off\u003c/a> her complaints. The daily incidents left her feeling “as if my skin was being ripped off.\" She lost sleep and developed stomachaches, migraines, acne and facial hair. She put on weight, then more weight. The stress, she says, contributed to an eventual divorce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I haven't worked for something like that, where it's very competitive, again,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Body Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts in sexual harassment say they frequently hear victims report similar health consequences to those that Cindy Patterson describes. Even seemingly innocuous or occasional harassment can lead to a myriad of \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://ww2.cas.sc.edu/psyc/sites/default/files/directory_files/Schneider,%2520Swan,%2520Fitzgerald%25201997%2520JAP.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm05LK0EMFmG75BeKNvztw-G5qb76A&nossl=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects\u003c/a>, such as anxiety, headaches, sleep disorders, weight loss or gain, nausea, lowered self-esteem and sexual dysfunction. Victims also tend to have higher rates of absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"FOa5ozgC4Gzm2fPJBl7cvueZdFRgH7yF\"]There's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3227029/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that sexual harassment early in one's career can lead to depression down the road. Some experts have argued that sexual harassment can lead to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11936724\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uncontrollable and unpredictable stressful experiences have very negative effects on people’s brains and bodies,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, who teaches in the psychiatry department at Harvard Medical School and is an expert on the neurobiology of trauma and sexual assault. “These are things that affect our identity, our sense of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's in Our DNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are wired to respond to threatening behavior, and even a lewd comment can kick our defense circuitry into gear, says\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-spiegel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> David Spiegel\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist and stress expert at Stanford University. The moment an ostensibly safe space like an office becomes sexualized, he says, it can set off an internal alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn't surprised that Patterson suffered extreme stress from comments and groping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that moment, she's beginning to think that she's not just uncomfortable but potentially in danger,\" he says. \"Even if the harassment is primarily psychological, it's suggesting unwelcome sexual activity, which arouses a physical response to a physical threat. That stirs up your fight-or-flight reaction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in any potentially dangerous situation, sexual harassment triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol, which quickens heart rate and raises blood pressure, muscle tension and blood glucose levels. The response is evolutionary: The extra energy fuels our ability to flee or do combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An occasional spike in stress hormones isn't harmful, Spiegel says, but if a victim starts living in a chronic state of high alert, it can be toxic to the nervous system. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The office becomes a place you can't assume your safety and go about your work; instead you're also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault,\" Spiegel says. \"This chronic activation of the nervous system can lead to a kind of burnout, where your body is overreacting much of the time, and it exhausts you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shutting Down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson wasn't only living on high alert. When groped, she would freeze up. Spiegel calls this response speechless terror. He says the emotional center, the limbic system, kicks the analytical part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, into overdrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The emotional part of the brain is hijacking the rest of the brain for a while because you’re having such a strong reaction,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Patterson's case, she stopped talking at meetings altogether to avoid the possibility of getting silenced involuntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long-Term Consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I used to think that although [it was] unpleasant, I was above it, stronger than the harassment,\" says Patterson. \"But later I realized how it had impacted how I acted at work and the choices I made in my career and in my personal life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 25 years later, Patterson believes she is still paying for what happened those two excruciating years. Since then, she has struggled with weight gain, and she was recently diagnosed with heart disease, which she believes may be related to the extreme stress she was under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It becomes this sort of non-reversing cycle of feeling worse about yourself, doing things that make you physically worse and restrict your other options in life,\" Spiegel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson does, however, find all the current attention on sexual harassment to be healing. She hopes the glass ceiling -- the one she planned to break in the 80s -- may be shattered by the #MeToo voices that are finally getting their say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "438526 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438526",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/22/why-sexual-harassment-victims-often-cant-just-get-over-it/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1145,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 35
},
"modified": 1516896888,
"excerpt": "Workplace sexual harassment can bring about long-term changes in women's health, by affecting how the body processes stress.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Workplace sexual harassment can bring about long-term changes in women's health, by affecting how the body processes stress.",
"title": "Why Sexual Harassment Victims Can't Just 'Get Over It' | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Why Sexual Harassment Victims Can't Just 'Get Over It'",
"datePublished": "2018-01-22T00:01:44-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-01-25T08:14:48-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "why-sexual-harassment-victims-often-cant-just-get-over-it",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/01/FORWEBSexualHarassment1.mp3",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/438526/why-sexual-harassment-victims-often-cant-just-get-over-it",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since October, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/27/weinstein-scandal-complete-list-accusers/804663001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dozens \u003c/a>of women accused Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment, a torrent of stories about male sexual misconduct has roiled workplaces in entertainment, journalism, government and the restaurant industry. Even \u003ca href=\"https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/yoga-girl-rachel-brathen-collects-more-than-300-metoo-yoga-stories-the-community-responds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yoga teachers\u003c/a> now face a day of reckoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many women have talked about the negative impact these experiences have had on their lives, but the distress isn't just anecdotal. A growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> links workplace sexual harassment to negative psychological and physical effects, and these can have consequences years after the events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cindy Patterson, workplace sexual harassment isn't just something that happened to her 25 years ago; she says it's something that still has an impact on her life today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Were Going to Break That Glass Ceiling'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her mid-20s, Patterson landed her dream job at a financial institution in the southwest, setting her sights high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was one of the only women, and we were going to break that glass ceiling,\" says Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The office becomes a place you can’t assume your safety and go about your work; instead you’re also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault ... It exhausts you.'\u003ccite>David Spiegel, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She quickly rose through the ranks. But when a new vice president laid off many of the women and brought in his own team, Patterson says, things changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little comments like, 'Oh, I see you’ve got some assets there, Cindy,' \" she recounts. \"This one guy would just stare at my breasts, and it was just -- it's bullying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her male executive colleagues scheduled meetings at topless bars, where they'd slide their hands under her dress. And it wasn't just over cocktails -- it happened at work, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table,\" she says. \"And it did shut me up. It would throw me off my game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human resources department \u003ca href=\"http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/institutionalbetrayal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrugged off\u003c/a> her complaints. The daily incidents left her feeling “as if my skin was being ripped off.\" She lost sleep and developed stomachaches, migraines, acne and facial hair. She put on weight, then more weight. The stress, she says, contributed to an eventual divorce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I haven't worked for something like that, where it's very competitive, again,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Body Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts in sexual harassment say they frequently hear victims report similar health consequences to those that Cindy Patterson describes. Even seemingly innocuous or occasional harassment can lead to a myriad of \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://ww2.cas.sc.edu/psyc/sites/default/files/directory_files/Schneider,%2520Swan,%2520Fitzgerald%25201997%2520JAP.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm05LK0EMFmG75BeKNvztw-G5qb76A&nossl=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects\u003c/a>, such as anxiety, headaches, sleep disorders, weight loss or gain, nausea, lowered self-esteem and sexual dysfunction. Victims also tend to have higher rates of absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>There's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3227029/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that sexual harassment early in one's career can lead to depression down the road. Some experts have argued that sexual harassment can lead to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11936724\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uncontrollable and unpredictable stressful experiences have very negative effects on people’s brains and bodies,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, who teaches in the psychiatry department at Harvard Medical School and is an expert on the neurobiology of trauma and sexual assault. “These are things that affect our identity, our sense of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's in Our DNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are wired to respond to threatening behavior, and even a lewd comment can kick our defense circuitry into gear, says\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-spiegel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> David Spiegel\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist and stress expert at Stanford University. The moment an ostensibly safe space like an office becomes sexualized, he says, it can set off an internal alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn't surprised that Patterson suffered extreme stress from comments and groping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that moment, she's beginning to think that she's not just uncomfortable but potentially in danger,\" he says. \"Even if the harassment is primarily psychological, it's suggesting unwelcome sexual activity, which arouses a physical response to a physical threat. That stirs up your fight-or-flight reaction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in any potentially dangerous situation, sexual harassment triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol, which quickens heart rate and raises blood pressure, muscle tension and blood glucose levels. The response is evolutionary: The extra energy fuels our ability to flee or do combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An occasional spike in stress hormones isn't harmful, Spiegel says, but if a victim starts living in a chronic state of high alert, it can be toxic to the nervous system. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The office becomes a place you can't assume your safety and go about your work; instead you're also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault,\" Spiegel says. \"This chronic activation of the nervous system can lead to a kind of burnout, where your body is overreacting much of the time, and it exhausts you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shutting Down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson wasn't only living on high alert. When groped, she would freeze up. Spiegel calls this response speechless terror. He says the emotional center, the limbic system, kicks the analytical part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, into overdrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The emotional part of the brain is hijacking the rest of the brain for a while because you’re having such a strong reaction,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Patterson's case, she stopped talking at meetings altogether to avoid the possibility of getting silenced involuntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long-Term Consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I used to think that although [it was] unpleasant, I was above it, stronger than the harassment,\" says Patterson. \"But later I realized how it had impacted how I acted at work and the choices I made in my career and in my personal life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 25 years later, Patterson believes she is still paying for what happened those two excruciating years. Since then, she has struggled with weight gain, and she was recently diagnosed with heart disease, which she believes may be related to the extreme stress she was under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It becomes this sort of non-reversing cycle of feeling worse about yourself, doing things that make you physically worse and restrict your other options in life,\" Spiegel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson does, however, find all the current attention on sexual harassment to be healing. She hopes the glass ceiling -- the one she planned to break in the 80s -- may be shattered by the #MeToo voices that are finally getting their say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/438526/why-sexual-harassment-victims-often-cant-just-get-over-it",
"authors": [
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1453",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_1421",
"futureofyou_1312"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_438596",
"label": "source_futureofyou_438526"
},
"futureofyou_438169": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_438169",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438169",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1516117527000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1516117527,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
"title": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Bv07QyLXQ031CUEZCQOytRKusurX2p1i\"]A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jHMWEkOPxg4IYTLSL83TfP2I7GjhjcyI\"]That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=59&v=FjXiRx7DvzQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "438169 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438169",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/16/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 2291,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 67
},
"modified": 1516647437,
"excerpt": "Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?",
"title": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
"datePublished": "2018-01-16T07:45:27-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-01-22T10:57:17-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more",
"status": "publish",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/438169/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/438169/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more",
"authors": [
"8656"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_961",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_680"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_438308",
"label": "source_futureofyou_438169"
},
"futureofyou_438270": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_438270",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438270",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1515619284000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1515619284,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "What the Fitbit Saw During That 4.4 Quake",
"title": "What the Fitbit Saw During That 4.4 Quake",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Some of the most useful new research on earthquakes might be coming from -- well, you, via your smartphone and wearable activity tracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Berkeley users, near the epicenter, got the biggest wake-up call, according to Fitbit.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a magnitude 4.4 quake \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/04/rude-awakening-moderate-quake-rattles-east-bay-overnight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jolted people out of their beds\u003c/a> around the Bay Area last week, some of those folks had smartphones that were already at work sending data to scientists via the \u003ca href=\"http://myshake.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyShake app\u003c/a> developed at the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Seismological Lab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Richard Allen, who heads the lab, instantaneous data came in from 59 phones armed with the app, which uses built-in motion sensors to detect the strength of the shaking and transmit the data to scientists. They can use that data to produce useful maps of the temblor's reach and impact. The app responds so quickly to a quake's first vibrations, that at some point in the next few years, plans are to make it part of a phone-based warning system that can alert users to quakes seconds before the shaking starts where they are.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-UH6oEx5JI&w=560&h=315]Allen was impressed that readings came in from phones farther than 60 miles from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data is really clean for this event,\" wrote Allen in an email, \"which encourages us that we can use this for research purposes, and eventually earthquake early warning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MyShake app is currently available only for Android phones. But potentially useful data is beginning to come in from other sources that weren't developed with earthquakes in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Of Fitbits and Fitfulness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fitbit.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fitbit\u003c/a> series of wearable activity trackers say that when the quake struck, they also got a burst of data. Since the devices also track sleep patterns, they inferred from that data that about 4-in-10 of their Bay Area users were awakened by the quake, which struck at 2:39 a.m. Thursday near the historic Claremont Hotel in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to say how many Bay Area users it has, but a Fitbit spokeswoman told KQED that the numbers are based on \"a representative sample of tens of thousands of aggregated and anonymous Fitbit user data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 858px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438281 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png\" alt=\"Fitbit quake graph\" width=\"858\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png 858w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-160x82.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-800x409.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-768x393.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-240x123.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-375x192.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-520x266.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spike in graph shows people waking up as the Jan. 4 M4.4 quake shook the Bay Area, as registered by Fitbit devices. Click to enlarge. \u003ccite>(Fitbit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Analysts at the San Francisco-based company could virtually map the epicenter of the quake by looking at the proportion of Fitbit users awakened in various locations. As one would expect, Berkeley users had the biggest wake-up call, with the percentage of wakeful customers leaping from 8 percent to 52 percent as soon as the Hayward Fault started slipping. (The fact that even 8 percent were already awake might imply that Fitbit has a loyal following among insomniacs.) The farther from the epicenter, the fewer Fitbit users were jarred awake -- just 18 percent in San Jose, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear what value this kind of data might have for seismic research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Smartphone data has been quite useful for us at the [lab] so far, and other techniques such as using fiber optic cables are showing promise as well for seismology,\" notes Jennifer Strauss, who is in charge of outreach at the Berkeley lab. \"So, it would be very interesting to explore how other crowdsourced data can be used for earthquake science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit analysts also noted that even relatively benign earthquakes can be night-wreckers, as it took an hour for most awakened users to return to \"normal sleep,\" and 90 minutes before those rocked out of bed achieved the REM stage of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "438270 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438270",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/10/what-your-fitbit-and-smartphone-saw-during-that-4-5-quake/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 621,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1516140800,
"excerpt": "Smartphone apps and wearable activity trackers are providing more data for quake scientists.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Smartphone apps and wearable activity trackers are providing more data for quake scientists.",
"title": "What the Fitbit Saw During That 4.4 Quake | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What the Fitbit Saw During That 4.4 Quake",
"datePublished": "2018-01-10T13:21:24-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-01-16T14:13:20-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-your-fitbit-and-smartphone-saw-during-that-4-5-quake",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Craig Miller\u003cbr />KQED Future of You",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/438270/what-your-fitbit-and-smartphone-saw-during-that-4-5-quake",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some of the most useful new research on earthquakes might be coming from -- well, you, via your smartphone and wearable activity tracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Berkeley users, near the epicenter, got the biggest wake-up call, according to Fitbit.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a magnitude 4.4 quake \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/04/rude-awakening-moderate-quake-rattles-east-bay-overnight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jolted people out of their beds\u003c/a> around the Bay Area last week, some of those folks had smartphones that were already at work sending data to scientists via the \u003ca href=\"http://myshake.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyShake app\u003c/a> developed at the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Seismological Lab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Richard Allen, who heads the lab, instantaneous data came in from 59 phones armed with the app, which uses built-in motion sensors to detect the strength of the shaking and transmit the data to scientists. They can use that data to produce useful maps of the temblor's reach and impact. The app responds so quickly to a quake's first vibrations, that at some point in the next few years, plans are to make it part of a phone-based warning system that can alert users to quakes seconds before the shaking starts where they are.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/i-UH6oEx5JI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/i-UH6oEx5JI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Allen was impressed that readings came in from phones farther than 60 miles from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data is really clean for this event,\" wrote Allen in an email, \"which encourages us that we can use this for research purposes, and eventually earthquake early warning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MyShake app is currently available only for Android phones. But potentially useful data is beginning to come in from other sources that weren't developed with earthquakes in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Of Fitbits and Fitfulness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fitbit.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fitbit\u003c/a> series of wearable activity trackers say that when the quake struck, they also got a burst of data. Since the devices also track sleep patterns, they inferred from that data that about 4-in-10 of their Bay Area users were awakened by the quake, which struck at 2:39 a.m. Thursday near the historic Claremont Hotel in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to say how many Bay Area users it has, but a Fitbit spokeswoman told KQED that the numbers are based on \"a representative sample of tens of thousands of aggregated and anonymous Fitbit user data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 858px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438281 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png\" alt=\"Fitbit quake graph\" width=\"858\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png 858w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-160x82.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-800x409.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-768x393.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-240x123.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-375x192.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-520x266.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spike in graph shows people waking up as the Jan. 4 M4.4 quake shook the Bay Area, as registered by Fitbit devices. Click to enlarge. \u003ccite>(Fitbit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Analysts at the San Francisco-based company could virtually map the epicenter of the quake by looking at the proportion of Fitbit users awakened in various locations. As one would expect, Berkeley users had the biggest wake-up call, with the percentage of wakeful customers leaping from 8 percent to 52 percent as soon as the Hayward Fault started slipping. (The fact that even 8 percent were already awake might imply that Fitbit has a loyal following among insomniacs.) The farther from the epicenter, the fewer Fitbit users were jarred awake -- just 18 percent in San Jose, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear what value this kind of data might have for seismic research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Smartphone data has been quite useful for us at the [lab] so far, and other techniques such as using fiber optic cables are showing promise as well for seismology,\" notes Jennifer Strauss, who is in charge of outreach at the Berkeley lab. \"So, it would be very interesting to explore how other crowdsourced data can be used for earthquake science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit analysts also noted that even relatively benign earthquakes can be night-wreckers, as it took an hour for most awakened users to return to \"normal sleep,\" and 90 minutes before those rocked out of bed achieved the REM stage of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/438270/what-your-fitbit-and-smartphone-saw-during-that-4-5-quake",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_438270"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_124",
"futureofyou_1449",
"futureofyou_1450"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_438320",
"label": "source_futureofyou_438270"
},
"futureofyou_436414": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_436414",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "436414",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1515438026000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1515438026,
"format": "image",
"disqusTitle": "The Crippling Ransomware Attack on a San Francisco NPR Member Station",
"title": "The Crippling Ransomware Attack on a San Francisco NPR Member Station",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally published Oct. 31, 2017\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>esley McClurg is trudging through the KQED newsroom, oozing distress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClurg, who in the course of her career as a radio reporter has conducted interviews amid raging fires and torrential floods, has finally met her match: an office printer. She has just spent an entire hour trying to get her radio script to print, a task that took the cumulative analytical skills of three nearby co-workers plus a guy from IT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And now I need to go on the radio and sound like I’m calm and relaxed and NPR-friendly,” McClurg tells me. “But, really, I need to scream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so went Day 33 of the Great KQED Ransomware Attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, criminals somewhere in Russia, Ukraine or maybe down the block, hacked into KQED’s computer system, installed malicious code that encrypted the station’s files, software and servers, and demanded money for their safe return. The perpetrators, as is routine in ransomware attacks, demanded payment in the form of the cryptocurrency bitcoin—if the victims ever wanted to see their data alive again. The message, rife with grammatical and spelling errors (cold comfort to no one but the copy editors), included directions on how to recover the data in “3 Easy Step” (sic), with step one being the transfer of funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'It's not some teenager sitting in his garage. These are effectively organized crime.'\u003ccite>Elizabeth Weise, USA Today\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The chaos commenced on June 15, as KQED’s employees began suddenly reporting computer crashes en masse. The IT department at the San Francisco-based NPR and PBS station decided to play it safe—they shut down the entire network to stop the malware’s spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were difficult to face: Phones went dead; the internet vanished; reporters’ audio interviews disappeared. And it meant the only way the head of IT, John Reilly, could get a message out to each of the 503 full- and part-time employees to keep their hands off their computers was to post handwritten signs at every entrance and on every desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED, one of the largest public media companies in America, has been hobbling its way to recovery ever since. What was it like? Think of a really boring episode of “The Twilight Zone”—or better yet, “Black Mirror.” Or getting stuck in an absurdist satire about human dependence on technology. Everyone had their particular breaking point, triggered by one Rube Goldbergian workaround or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One afternoon, a KQED marketing employee attempted to send out a meeting agenda in a single email to some 60 people. Our temporary email system wouldn’t allow grouping of multiple addresses into one alias, so each destination had to be entered one at a time. Any tiny problem with the syntax—an extra period here, an omitted semicolon there—grounded the message until you could figure it out. Four hours, that job took.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_436762\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1436px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-436762\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1436\" height=\"1445\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551.png 1436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-160x161.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-800x805.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-768x773.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-1020x1026.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-1180x1187.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-960x966.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-240x242.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-375x377.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-520x523.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1436px) 100vw, 1436px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Managing editor Ethan Lindsey (R) leads the morning story meeting on Sept. 25, 2017. Pictured (L-R) are: politics and government reporter Marisa Lagos, photo/video intern Serginho Roosblad, cartoonist Mark Fiore, producer Sam Harnett, editor Erika Kelly. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s a Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">R\u003c/span>ansomware—it’s a growth industry. Last week, a new strain called \"Bad Rabbit\"\u003ca href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/article/bad-rabbit-ransomware-spread-using-leaked-nsa-eternalromance-exploit-researchers-confirm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> hit computer systems\u003c/a> in Russia, Eastern Europe and beyond. This year, a posse of federal agencies, including the Justice Department and the CIA, issued a report describing ransomware as the “fastest growing malware threat, targeting users of all types—from the home user to the corporate network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in another study, anti-virus software maker Symantec estimated 463,000 ransomware attacks worldwide in 2016, a 36 percent increase from the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entrepreneurial hackers also have innovated “ransomware as a service,” in which they peddle kits to criminals who are less technically adept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not some teenager sitting in his garage,” USA Today tech reporter Elizabeth Weise told KQED. “These are effectively organized crime; they have offices, they have office workers who come in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003cem>Ransomware Survival Tip: Triage\u003c/em> \n\u003cp>You can't fix everything at once, so think like a triage doctor and prioritize essential functions. KQED priorities: Check and secure critical information (membership data was off-site, so was not breached), pay staff, pay bills, and keep daily radio news on the air. What had to wait: Networked printing, high-speed internet and access to stored documents and audio.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Over the last two years, researchers from New York University and Google tracked about $25 million in victim payments. Not bad, but not the global drug trade either. Estimates of monetary gain for perpetrators of the WannaCry ransomware scourge, a worldwide attack last May on computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system, were remarkably low, even though the virus disabled more than 200,000 computers, including those of FedEx and England’s National Health Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That does not, however, take into account the cost in lost sales and business interruptions, which can be considerably higher. The U.K. company Reckitt Benckiser, maker of Clearasil, Lysol and Airborne, estimated a $117 million loss resulting from the Petya ransomware attack in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In KQED’s case, the attackers demanded 1.7 bitcoins per computer (roughly $2,500 at the exchange rate of the time) or—act now!—just $27,000 for the lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED briefly considered paying up, said Chief Technology Officer Dan Mansergh, but abandoned the idea after the FBI laid out the risks. They were: being seen as an easy mark; inclusion of code in the decryption key that would set the stage for future intrusions; and failure of the perps to keep their part of the bargain to set your data free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has yet to fully calculate the attack’s cost, but much of it will be in IT. In fiscal year 2018, the company is allocating $475,000 for new network protections. Those funds will pay for four new IT employees, plus more sophisticated anti-virus software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the cost in employee productivity and stress? A lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Worst Stress of My Life’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he attack took place on a Thursday. The next day, news reporters and editors at KQED, the most-listened-to radio station in the Bay Area, could access the internet only through personal hot spots on their cellphones. Reporters read stories into their recording decks to get on the air and didn’t use sound bites; no one crumpled cellophane to emulate the sound of a fire, but it was still old school.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/how-to-make-it-harder-for-malware-to-shut-you-down/\">How to Make It Harder for Malware to Shut You Down\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFor 18 days before the ransomware attack actually commenced, the implanted malware sat dormant in KQED’s computer system, probably sniffing out usernames and passwords. When the malware got hold of an account with the ability to enter anywhere and do anything, it propagated throughout the network, infecting machines and locking up files. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/how-to-make-it-harder-for-malware-to-shut-you-down/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more...\u003c/a>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The station's weekly current affairs television program, \u003cem>KQED Newsroom,\u003c/em> had to abandon its original production plans and run a previously aired special show. And when the television studios were still out the following week, the staff took production out of the building, to a makeshift studio at UC Hastings College of the Law and another at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/23/kqed-newsroom-on-the-road/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a segment\u003c/a> on ransomware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, IT collected and wiped clean every computer that the malware, called Samas, had so much as breathed on. But that was nowhere near the end of it. To stop the infection from spreading, IT had taken the network down. No phones, one rickety internet router, no access to documents or audio, and the only way to print was to walk your laptop to a printer and plug in the cable. And after the malware was eradicated, the network did not come back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could not just put it back the way it was, because there were all kinds of security holes,” said Michael Kadel, KQED’s network systems engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the staff went to work creating temporary systems to keep things functioning until a more secure infrastructure could be built. They worked long hours, long being a euphemism for 12-, 16- and 20-hour shifts at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Worst stress of my life,” said IT director Reilly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kadel agreed. “A solid two months of just terrible, terrible stress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_436503\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-436503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mina Kim, afternoon drive-time news anchor and Forum host. 'Initially, we all had this attitude, the show must go on. After that surge of adrenaline and can-do attitude subsides, you’re just exhausted. It’s workaround fatigue.' \u003ccite>(Arash Malekzadeh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kadel said he’d once suffered through cancer. “This was way worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those views are not necessarily unheard of in these types of situations, said Jonah Silas Sheridan, a Bay Area computer security consultant for nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal for security practitioners,” Sheridan said. “How can you secure someone’s systems when you are in a place of sleeplessness and arrhythmia yourself?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the radio news team and their engineers went full-on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fF6FUVxAVzI&index=6&list=PL6OtFuSjxy8q59zJ86r4akeO8pGjVf5D8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MacGyver\u003c/a> to rig a system that kept the news on the air. In normal times, reporters and editors were fully networked, with universal real-time access to every story, revision and audio clip. Now, every story had to pass through three or four computers. Audio had to be uploaded to one site, then downloaded somewhere else. Cellphones and the instant messaging app Slack were conscripted into the workflow. The motto: Whatever works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As weeks turned into months, the newsfolk reported on the congressional health care debate, the move to end DACA, the total solar eclipse and the eruption of far-right rallies in Charlottesville and other cities, all using a system that took three to four times the usual amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003cem>Ransomware Survival Tip: Ease Work Rules\u003c/em>Do what you can to ease stress and tech difficulties by relaxing work rules. KQED staff often found it more productive to work in neighborhood cafes or at home, where they had high-speed internet. And be clear with staff about how long it will take to resume normal operations.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The audience most likely didn’t notice. But the staff found the relentless workarounds, jury-rigging and duct-taping exhausting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Initially, we all had this attitude, ‘The show must go on,’ ” said Mina Kim, the afternoon drive-time news anchor. “After that surge of adrenaline and can-do attitude subsides, you’re just exhausted. It’s workaround fatigue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked John Reilly, who’s done a lot of consulting in his career, if he’d ever seen an organization experience the level of disruption KQED had. “No, not through an attack,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could it have happened? And how much at risk are other companies?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Convenience vs. Security\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ecurity experts like to recite an aphorism to describe the basic dilemma of their profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The safest computer, they say, is one sitting in a metal box in a locked room, switched off and unconnected to anything. Such a computer, goeth the Parable of the Completely Safe Workstation, is impenetrable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And utterly useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You do have to make trade-offs of usability and convenience for security,” said Paul Guthrie, a vice president for PSC, the security firm hired by KQED after the attack. “And sometimes the pendulum swings too far.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_436589\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 491px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-436589\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-1020x766.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"491\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-768x577.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-960x721.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-375x282.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-520x391.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED Director of IT John Reilly and Network Systems Engineer Michael Kadel. Much of the burden for rebuilding the network in a safer way fell on them. \u003ccite>(Arash Malekzadeh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Guthrie is one of the tech and security people both inside and outside KQED who agree the company’s pendulum over the years had strayed quite a way over into convenience territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kadel and Reilly, who had been the head of IT for a year and a half when the attack hit, were frank about the vulnerabilities the ransomware exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, I’m surprised this didn’t happen long ago,” Reilly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kadel put it this way: The culture of KQED, a multifaceted media organization that produces a huge amount of radio, TV, educational materials and websites, tilted toward easier collaboration. If someone wanted to put the video from a news interview into the video editing system, for instance, and then share the audio with radio reporters, they could. And they could do that from the same computer they used for daily email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But security people know this type of one-big-network-for-all is risky. Their job, after all, is to keep malicious hackers from turning the place into “The Day the Earth Stood Still.” And when systems connect to each other like they could at KQED, malicious actors can more easily infect the entire infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem: The station’s IT department allowed employees to download and install free software from the web. IT folks call this the “granting of local admin rights.” Many in the industry also call it “A Catastrophe Waiting to Happen.” Free software is often laden with viruses, worms and other nasty extras.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003cem>Ransomware Survival Tip: Establish a Walk-Up IT Help Desk\u003c/em>Shield your IT staff from the deluge of help requests, while providing a clear avenue for employees to get help. At KQED, IT set up long tables in an open area and staffed a walk-up help desk all day. KQED Chief of Staff Jason Black laid down the law in a companywide memo: 'Individual requests, side doors, hallway nudges, note passing, private Slacking, hand and/or smoke signals to IT or Systems Engineering are not helpful right now.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kadel said one reason IT gave the staff free rein was due to a lack of IT employees to oversee the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t visit 600 people to do a Flash update,” he said. “You have to let people do their own Flash update.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of consultants say companies routinely shortchange IT. But Kadel may have a point. At the time of the attack, KQED employed nine IT employees to service roughly 503 workers. That means IT represented less than 2 percent of the organization’s workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 survey of media and entertainment companies by the research firm Gartner found that IT workers made up an average of 6.5 percent of employees, more than three times the level at KQED. Across all industries, the number is 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, KQED used standard anti-virus programs to protect its system. But hackers know how to get around these by altering their code. In a test run by KQED’s security consultant, just 10 out of 60 off-the-shelf anti-virus programs recognized the variant of Samas that hit the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3n0wfcXpPVXE3R3ShFbLhAMSkRo0pfNf\"]“If somebody wishes to put out a new variant, it takes a little bit for the anti-virus vendors to catch up,” said Guthrie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is now plugging all these holes, redesigning its network and all of its media systems. It’s also deploying much more sophisticated anti-virus software that looks for processes that are outside the normal behavior, shutting them down. Among the new IT employees coming on board: a full-time security pro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Kept Working\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">W\u003c/span>hen everything went down, the safest place for data turned out to be the cloud. KQED lost no member or donor information, because it wasn’t stored in the network. And as the attack short-circuited system after system, KQED’s network of websites kept on keeping on. How so?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve moved most of KQED.org to be hosted in the cloud, so it’s sitting on [Amazon] servers,” said Tim Olson, KQED’s chief digital officer. “It’s more disaster recovery, more efficient for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'In some ways I view this as a dress rehearsal. Because we’re in an earthquake zone.'\u003ccite>John Reilly, KQED\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The cloud is “certainly a strategy that a lot of smaller organizations employ, because it’s a lot of work to keep your systems patched,” said IT consultant Sheridan. And big cloud services like those of Amazon, Microsoft and Google spend tons of money to pay for cybersecurity. “That being said, you’re now in a very deep trust relationship with someone else, Sheridan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in terms of maintaining access to data after the attack, the cloud was the silver lining. When everything went down and all of KQED’s storage systems became inaccessible, there sat my audio interviews, my budget numbers, my everything, safe and snug on Google Drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Talking About It\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>elow the hard truths about security vs. convenience now adorning whiteboards at KQED are a few about survival, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've learned a lot,” said Reilly. “People have realized that we weren't prepared in a lot of ways. But then again, in some ways I view this as a dress rehearsal. Because we’re in an earthquake zone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s being done to fight back against the spreading threat of ransomware across the world?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies and individuals dealing with a ransomware attack may find help at NoMoreRansom.org, an initiative of the Netherlands’ police, Europol and the computer security companies Kaspersky Lab and McAfee. The website includes decryption tools for dozens of known ransomware infections, as well as advice on how to prevent an attack in the first place. (Update Nov. 15: The U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-official-15-percent-of-agencies-used-kaspersky-software/2017/11/14/32019dec-c994-11e7-b506-8a10ed11ecf5_story.html?utm_term=.7f5c8ad59b58/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">banned\u003c/a> federal agencies from using Kaspersky products due to alleged ties to the Russian government and intelligence services.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003cem>Ransomware Survival Tip: Use the Cloud and Your Cell Network\u003c/em>Slack, Google Drive, Dropbox and cellphones can substitute for networked communications and make transferring files easy.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One thing every expert recommends: Back up like crazy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one thing to do is back up your data,” said Alexander Garcia-Tobar, co-founder of ValiMail, a San Francisco company that authenticates email in order to prevent intrusions like ransomware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re backing up on a daily basis or even on a weekly basis, you back up to before the known infection and you cross your fingers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie said high-end tools designed to keep things running in the event of a catastrophe can be a lifesaver. But they are expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s network backup and restore systems that are very good and very fast and very expensive,” said Guthrie. “Smaller companies tend to do what they can with the resources they’re given.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED decided to go public with our tale as a kind of public service, so that other organizations can learn not only from our mistakes but also from the way we kept functioning with minimal disruption to the public, despite maximum disruption internally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheridan said opening up can only help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might be surprised at how many different kinds of breaches, how many kinds of incidents, have happened in other organizations, and continue to happen,” he said. “We would be well-advised as a community to figure out a way to talk about these things without shame. We need to learn from them collectively.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "436414 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=436414",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/08/the-crippling-ransomware-attack-on-kqed-the-inside-story/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 3293,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 77
},
"modified": 1623351490,
"excerpt": "On June 15, a ransomware attack took down the computer network of KQED, one of the largest public media companies in America. Here's how we survived and what we learned.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "On June 15, a ransomware attack took down the computer network of KQED, one of the largest public media companies in America. Here's how we survived and what we learned.",
"title": "The Crippling Ransomware Attack on a San Francisco NPR Member Station - KQED Future of You",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Crippling Ransomware Attack on a San Francisco NPR Member Station",
"datePublished": "2018-01-08T11:00:26-08:00",
"dateModified": "2021-06-10T11:58:10-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-crippling-ransomware-attack-on-kqed-the-inside-story",
"status": "publish",
"source": "Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/436414/the-crippling-ransomware-attack-on-kqed-the-inside-story",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally published Oct. 31, 2017\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>esley McClurg is trudging through the KQED newsroom, oozing distress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClurg, who in the course of her career as a radio reporter has conducted interviews amid raging fires and torrential floods, has finally met her match: an office printer. She has just spent an entire hour trying to get her radio script to print, a task that took the cumulative analytical skills of three nearby co-workers plus a guy from IT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And now I need to go on the radio and sound like I’m calm and relaxed and NPR-friendly,” McClurg tells me. “But, really, I need to scream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so went Day 33 of the Great KQED Ransomware Attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, criminals somewhere in Russia, Ukraine or maybe down the block, hacked into KQED’s computer system, installed malicious code that encrypted the station’s files, software and servers, and demanded money for their safe return. The perpetrators, as is routine in ransomware attacks, demanded payment in the form of the cryptocurrency bitcoin—if the victims ever wanted to see their data alive again. The message, rife with grammatical and spelling errors (cold comfort to no one but the copy editors), included directions on how to recover the data in “3 Easy Step” (sic), with step one being the transfer of funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'It's not some teenager sitting in his garage. These are effectively organized crime.'\u003ccite>Elizabeth Weise, USA Today\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The chaos commenced on June 15, as KQED’s employees began suddenly reporting computer crashes en masse. The IT department at the San Francisco-based NPR and PBS station decided to play it safe—they shut down the entire network to stop the malware’s spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were difficult to face: Phones went dead; the internet vanished; reporters’ audio interviews disappeared. And it meant the only way the head of IT, John Reilly, could get a message out to each of the 503 full- and part-time employees to keep their hands off their computers was to post handwritten signs at every entrance and on every desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED, one of the largest public media companies in America, has been hobbling its way to recovery ever since. What was it like? Think of a really boring episode of “The Twilight Zone”—or better yet, “Black Mirror.” Or getting stuck in an absurdist satire about human dependence on technology. Everyone had their particular breaking point, triggered by one Rube Goldbergian workaround or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One afternoon, a KQED marketing employee attempted to send out a meeting agenda in a single email to some 60 people. Our temporary email system wouldn’t allow grouping of multiple addresses into one alias, so each destination had to be entered one at a time. Any tiny problem with the syntax—an extra period here, an omitted semicolon there—grounded the message until you could figure it out. Four hours, that job took.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_436762\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1436px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-436762\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1436\" height=\"1445\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551.png 1436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-160x161.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-800x805.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-768x773.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-1020x1026.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-1180x1187.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-960x966.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-240x242.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-375x377.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-520x523.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/OnQComp_02-e1509482625551-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1436px) 100vw, 1436px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Managing editor Ethan Lindsey (R) leads the morning story meeting on Sept. 25, 2017. Pictured (L-R) are: politics and government reporter Marisa Lagos, photo/video intern Serginho Roosblad, cartoonist Mark Fiore, producer Sam Harnett, editor Erika Kelly. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s a Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">R\u003c/span>ansomware—it’s a growth industry. Last week, a new strain called \"Bad Rabbit\"\u003ca href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/article/bad-rabbit-ransomware-spread-using-leaked-nsa-eternalromance-exploit-researchers-confirm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> hit computer systems\u003c/a> in Russia, Eastern Europe and beyond. This year, a posse of federal agencies, including the Justice Department and the CIA, issued a report describing ransomware as the “fastest growing malware threat, targeting users of all types—from the home user to the corporate network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in another study, anti-virus software maker Symantec estimated 463,000 ransomware attacks worldwide in 2016, a 36 percent increase from the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entrepreneurial hackers also have innovated “ransomware as a service,” in which they peddle kits to criminals who are less technically adept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not some teenager sitting in his garage,” USA Today tech reporter Elizabeth Weise told KQED. “These are effectively organized crime; they have offices, they have office workers who come in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003cem>Ransomware Survival Tip: Triage\u003c/em> \n\u003cp>You can't fix everything at once, so think like a triage doctor and prioritize essential functions. KQED priorities: Check and secure critical information (membership data was off-site, so was not breached), pay staff, pay bills, and keep daily radio news on the air. What had to wait: Networked printing, high-speed internet and access to stored documents and audio.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Over the last two years, researchers from New York University and Google tracked about $25 million in victim payments. Not bad, but not the global drug trade either. Estimates of monetary gain for perpetrators of the WannaCry ransomware scourge, a worldwide attack last May on computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system, were remarkably low, even though the virus disabled more than 200,000 computers, including those of FedEx and England’s National Health Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That does not, however, take into account the cost in lost sales and business interruptions, which can be considerably higher. The U.K. company Reckitt Benckiser, maker of Clearasil, Lysol and Airborne, estimated a $117 million loss resulting from the Petya ransomware attack in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In KQED’s case, the attackers demanded 1.7 bitcoins per computer (roughly $2,500 at the exchange rate of the time) or—act now!—just $27,000 for the lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED briefly considered paying up, said Chief Technology Officer Dan Mansergh, but abandoned the idea after the FBI laid out the risks. They were: being seen as an easy mark; inclusion of code in the decryption key that would set the stage for future intrusions; and failure of the perps to keep their part of the bargain to set your data free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has yet to fully calculate the attack’s cost, but much of it will be in IT. In fiscal year 2018, the company is allocating $475,000 for new network protections. Those funds will pay for four new IT employees, plus more sophisticated anti-virus software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the cost in employee productivity and stress? A lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Worst Stress of My Life’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he attack took place on a Thursday. The next day, news reporters and editors at KQED, the most-listened-to radio station in the Bay Area, could access the internet only through personal hot spots on their cellphones. Reporters read stories into their recording decks to get on the air and didn’t use sound bites; no one crumpled cellophane to emulate the sound of a fire, but it was still old school.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/how-to-make-it-harder-for-malware-to-shut-you-down/\">How to Make It Harder for Malware to Shut You Down\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFor 18 days before the ransomware attack actually commenced, the implanted malware sat dormant in KQED’s computer system, probably sniffing out usernames and passwords. When the malware got hold of an account with the ability to enter anywhere and do anything, it propagated throughout the network, infecting machines and locking up files. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/how-to-make-it-harder-for-malware-to-shut-you-down/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more...\u003c/a>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The station's weekly current affairs television program, \u003cem>KQED Newsroom,\u003c/em> had to abandon its original production plans and run a previously aired special show. And when the television studios were still out the following week, the staff took production out of the building, to a makeshift studio at UC Hastings College of the Law and another at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/23/kqed-newsroom-on-the-road/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a segment\u003c/a> on ransomware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, IT collected and wiped clean every computer that the malware, called Samas, had so much as breathed on. But that was nowhere near the end of it. To stop the infection from spreading, IT had taken the network down. No phones, one rickety internet router, no access to documents or audio, and the only way to print was to walk your laptop to a printer and plug in the cable. And after the malware was eradicated, the network did not come back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could not just put it back the way it was, because there were all kinds of security holes,” said Michael Kadel, KQED’s network systems engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the staff went to work creating temporary systems to keep things functioning until a more secure infrastructure could be built. They worked long hours, long being a euphemism for 12-, 16- and 20-hour shifts at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Worst stress of my life,” said IT director Reilly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kadel agreed. “A solid two months of just terrible, terrible stress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_436503\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-436503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/MinaKim-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mina Kim, afternoon drive-time news anchor and Forum host. 'Initially, we all had this attitude, the show must go on. After that surge of adrenaline and can-do attitude subsides, you’re just exhausted. It’s workaround fatigue.' \u003ccite>(Arash Malekzadeh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kadel said he’d once suffered through cancer. “This was way worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those views are not necessarily unheard of in these types of situations, said Jonah Silas Sheridan, a Bay Area computer security consultant for nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal for security practitioners,” Sheridan said. “How can you secure someone’s systems when you are in a place of sleeplessness and arrhythmia yourself?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the radio news team and their engineers went full-on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fF6FUVxAVzI&index=6&list=PL6OtFuSjxy8q59zJ86r4akeO8pGjVf5D8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MacGyver\u003c/a> to rig a system that kept the news on the air. In normal times, reporters and editors were fully networked, with universal real-time access to every story, revision and audio clip. Now, every story had to pass through three or four computers. Audio had to be uploaded to one site, then downloaded somewhere else. Cellphones and the instant messaging app Slack were conscripted into the workflow. The motto: Whatever works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As weeks turned into months, the newsfolk reported on the congressional health care debate, the move to end DACA, the total solar eclipse and the eruption of far-right rallies in Charlottesville and other cities, all using a system that took three to four times the usual amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003cem>Ransomware Survival Tip: Ease Work Rules\u003c/em>Do what you can to ease stress and tech difficulties by relaxing work rules. KQED staff often found it more productive to work in neighborhood cafes or at home, where they had high-speed internet. And be clear with staff about how long it will take to resume normal operations.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The audience most likely didn’t notice. But the staff found the relentless workarounds, jury-rigging and duct-taping exhausting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Initially, we all had this attitude, ‘The show must go on,’ ” said Mina Kim, the afternoon drive-time news anchor. “After that surge of adrenaline and can-do attitude subsides, you’re just exhausted. It’s workaround fatigue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked John Reilly, who’s done a lot of consulting in his career, if he’d ever seen an organization experience the level of disruption KQED had. “No, not through an attack,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could it have happened? And how much at risk are other companies?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Convenience vs. Security\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ecurity experts like to recite an aphorism to describe the basic dilemma of their profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The safest computer, they say, is one sitting in a metal box in a locked room, switched off and unconnected to anything. Such a computer, goeth the Parable of the Completely Safe Workstation, is impenetrable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And utterly useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You do have to make trade-offs of usability and convenience for security,” said Paul Guthrie, a vice president for PSC, the security firm hired by KQED after the attack. “And sometimes the pendulum swings too far.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_436589\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 491px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-436589\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-1020x766.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"491\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-768x577.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-960x721.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-375x282.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/KadelReilly3-520x391.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED Director of IT John Reilly and Network Systems Engineer Michael Kadel. Much of the burden for rebuilding the network in a safer way fell on them. \u003ccite>(Arash Malekzadeh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Guthrie is one of the tech and security people both inside and outside KQED who agree the company’s pendulum over the years had strayed quite a way over into convenience territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kadel and Reilly, who had been the head of IT for a year and a half when the attack hit, were frank about the vulnerabilities the ransomware exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, I’m surprised this didn’t happen long ago,” Reilly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kadel put it this way: The culture of KQED, a multifaceted media organization that produces a huge amount of radio, TV, educational materials and websites, tilted toward easier collaboration. If someone wanted to put the video from a news interview into the video editing system, for instance, and then share the audio with radio reporters, they could. And they could do that from the same computer they used for daily email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But security people know this type of one-big-network-for-all is risky. Their job, after all, is to keep malicious hackers from turning the place into “The Day the Earth Stood Still.” And when systems connect to each other like they could at KQED, malicious actors can more easily infect the entire infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem: The station’s IT department allowed employees to download and install free software from the web. IT folks call this the “granting of local admin rights.” Many in the industry also call it “A Catastrophe Waiting to Happen.” Free software is often laden with viruses, worms and other nasty extras.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003cem>Ransomware Survival Tip: Establish a Walk-Up IT Help Desk\u003c/em>Shield your IT staff from the deluge of help requests, while providing a clear avenue for employees to get help. At KQED, IT set up long tables in an open area and staffed a walk-up help desk all day. KQED Chief of Staff Jason Black laid down the law in a companywide memo: 'Individual requests, side doors, hallway nudges, note passing, private Slacking, hand and/or smoke signals to IT or Systems Engineering are not helpful right now.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kadel said one reason IT gave the staff free rein was due to a lack of IT employees to oversee the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t visit 600 people to do a Flash update,” he said. “You have to let people do their own Flash update.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of consultants say companies routinely shortchange IT. But Kadel may have a point. At the time of the attack, KQED employed nine IT employees to service roughly 503 workers. That means IT represented less than 2 percent of the organization’s workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 survey of media and entertainment companies by the research firm Gartner found that IT workers made up an average of 6.5 percent of employees, more than three times the level at KQED. Across all industries, the number is 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, KQED used standard anti-virus programs to protect its system. But hackers know how to get around these by altering their code. In a test run by KQED’s security consultant, just 10 out of 60 off-the-shelf anti-virus programs recognized the variant of Samas that hit the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“If somebody wishes to put out a new variant, it takes a little bit for the anti-virus vendors to catch up,” said Guthrie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is now plugging all these holes, redesigning its network and all of its media systems. It’s also deploying much more sophisticated anti-virus software that looks for processes that are outside the normal behavior, shutting them down. Among the new IT employees coming on board: a full-time security pro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Kept Working\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">W\u003c/span>hen everything went down, the safest place for data turned out to be the cloud. KQED lost no member or donor information, because it wasn’t stored in the network. And as the attack short-circuited system after system, KQED’s network of websites kept on keeping on. How so?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve moved most of KQED.org to be hosted in the cloud, so it’s sitting on [Amazon] servers,” said Tim Olson, KQED’s chief digital officer. “It’s more disaster recovery, more efficient for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'In some ways I view this as a dress rehearsal. Because we’re in an earthquake zone.'\u003ccite>John Reilly, KQED\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The cloud is “certainly a strategy that a lot of smaller organizations employ, because it’s a lot of work to keep your systems patched,” said IT consultant Sheridan. And big cloud services like those of Amazon, Microsoft and Google spend tons of money to pay for cybersecurity. “That being said, you’re now in a very deep trust relationship with someone else, Sheridan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in terms of maintaining access to data after the attack, the cloud was the silver lining. When everything went down and all of KQED’s storage systems became inaccessible, there sat my audio interviews, my budget numbers, my everything, safe and snug on Google Drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Talking About It\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>elow the hard truths about security vs. convenience now adorning whiteboards at KQED are a few about survival, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've learned a lot,” said Reilly. “People have realized that we weren't prepared in a lot of ways. But then again, in some ways I view this as a dress rehearsal. Because we’re in an earthquake zone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s being done to fight back against the spreading threat of ransomware across the world?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies and individuals dealing with a ransomware attack may find help at NoMoreRansom.org, an initiative of the Netherlands’ police, Europol and the computer security companies Kaspersky Lab and McAfee. The website includes decryption tools for dozens of known ransomware infections, as well as advice on how to prevent an attack in the first place. (Update Nov. 15: The U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-official-15-percent-of-agencies-used-kaspersky-software/2017/11/14/32019dec-c994-11e7-b506-8a10ed11ecf5_story.html?utm_term=.7f5c8ad59b58/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">banned\u003c/a> federal agencies from using Kaspersky products due to alleged ties to the Russian government and intelligence services.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003cem>Ransomware Survival Tip: Use the Cloud and Your Cell Network\u003c/em>Slack, Google Drive, Dropbox and cellphones can substitute for networked communications and make transferring files easy.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One thing every expert recommends: Back up like crazy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one thing to do is back up your data,” said Alexander Garcia-Tobar, co-founder of ValiMail, a San Francisco company that authenticates email in order to prevent intrusions like ransomware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re backing up on a daily basis or even on a weekly basis, you back up to before the known infection and you cross your fingers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie said high-end tools designed to keep things running in the event of a catastrophe can be a lifesaver. But they are expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s network backup and restore systems that are very good and very fast and very expensive,” said Guthrie. “Smaller companies tend to do what they can with the resources they’re given.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED decided to go public with our tale as a kind of public service, so that other organizations can learn not only from our mistakes but also from the way we kept functioning with minimal disruption to the public, despite maximum disruption internally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheridan said opening up can only help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might be surprised at how many different kinds of breaches, how many kinds of incidents, have happened in other organizations, and continue to happen,” he said. “We would be well-advised as a community to figure out a way to talk about these things without shame. We need to learn from them collectively.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/436414/the-crippling-ransomware-attack-on-kqed-the-inside-story",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73",
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_83",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_1385",
"futureofyou_766"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1096"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_436563",
"label": "source_futureofyou_436414"
},
"futureofyou_438030": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_438030",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "438030",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1514487764000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1514487764,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "A Daughter Helps Create Her Mother's Death Experience (Video)",
"title": "A Daughter Helps Create Her Mother's Death Experience (Video)",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W86mLuvWU30&list=PLScdkSzWmRHz8HIA-v1MiTwla5jhqqpMn\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a professional designer, Elaine Fong has worked with many brands. But, she asked at this \u003ca href=\"https://www.tedxsanfrancisco.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TEDx San Francisco\u003c/a> talk in October, \"What happens when the experience you've been asked to design is death, and the face behind that brand is your very own mother?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'She was so happy. She was glowing the whole night.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The question presented itself to Fong and her family after her mother was diagnosed with stage 4 cancer and decided to forego her remaining months of life, as was her right under Washington state's \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Death With Dignity Act. \u003c/a>The law allows patients with less than six months to live to end their lives by taking a lethal dose of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-minute presentation above encompasses all the aching drama and emotional devastation you might find in such a situation, including a doctor who won't sign off on her mother's request and her mom's description of what it's like to suffer from stage 4 cancer: \"My bones are on fire and everywhere under my skin is burning, and every time I move it just makes it worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you could design your own death, what would you want the experience to be like, and how would you want it to feel?'\u003ccite>Elaine Fong, TEDx presenter\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yet, there are beautiful and even celebratory moments, too\u003cb>. \u003c/b>Because her mother was able to choose the time and place of her death, the family was able to help her experience her last days exactly as she wished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was so happy,\" Fong says of her mom's mood during a dinner party the night before her death. \"She was glowing the whole night.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, her mom took a cupful of medication, \"with two hands, and pounded it like a shot of whiskey. She looked at my dad and smiled, closed her eyes, and in 45 minutes, she was gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of a very few TED talks we have published this year. I saw it live, surrounded by weeping audience members, and it was not hard to imagine many thinking seriously about Fong's\u003cb> \u003c/b>challenge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you could design your own death, what would you want the experience to be like, and how would you want it to feel?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct/DeathwithDignityData\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual reports\u003c/a> compiled by Washington's department of health, the number of state residents who have opted to take lethal medication under the Death With Dignity Act has risen from 36 in 2009 to 192 in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of \u003ca href=\"https://www.deathwithdignity.org/learn/death-with-dignity-acts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">states\u003c/a>, including\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/06/07/physician-assisted-suicide-has-been-legal-in-california-for-a-year-hows-it-going/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California\u003c/a>, have passed similar legislation, and many legislatures \u003ca href=\"https://www.deathwithdignity.org/take-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the country\u003c/a> are currently considering their own versions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How would \u003cem>you\u003c/em> design your own death?\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "438030 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438030",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/28/how-would-you-design-your-own-death-end-of-life-law-presents-profound-challenge/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 463,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1514592401,
"excerpt": "Her mother's cancer diagnosis forced brand designer Elaine Fong to answer the question, 'What happens when the experience you've been asked to design is death, and the face behind that brand is your very own mother?'",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Her mother's cancer diagnosis forced brand designer Elaine Fong to answer the question, 'What happens when the experience you've been asked to design is death, and the face behind that brand is your very own mother?'",
"title": "A Daughter Helps Create Her Mother's Death Experience (Video) | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "A Daughter Helps Create Her Mother's Death Experience (Video)",
"datePublished": "2017-12-28T11:02:44-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-12-29T16:06:41-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "how-would-you-design-your-own-death-end-of-life-law-presents-profound-challenge",
"status": "publish",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/438030/how-would-you-design-your-own-death-end-of-life-law-presents-profound-challenge",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/W86mLuvWU30'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/W86mLuvWU30'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>As a professional designer, Elaine Fong has worked with many brands. But, she asked at this \u003ca href=\"https://www.tedxsanfrancisco.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TEDx San Francisco\u003c/a> talk in October, \"What happens when the experience you've been asked to design is death, and the face behind that brand is your very own mother?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'She was so happy. She was glowing the whole night.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The question presented itself to Fong and her family after her mother was diagnosed with stage 4 cancer and decided to forego her remaining months of life, as was her right under Washington state's \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Death With Dignity Act. \u003c/a>The law allows patients with less than six months to live to end their lives by taking a lethal dose of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-minute presentation above encompasses all the aching drama and emotional devastation you might find in such a situation, including a doctor who won't sign off on her mother's request and her mom's description of what it's like to suffer from stage 4 cancer: \"My bones are on fire and everywhere under my skin is burning, and every time I move it just makes it worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you could design your own death, what would you want the experience to be like, and how would you want it to feel?'\u003ccite>Elaine Fong, TEDx presenter\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yet, there are beautiful and even celebratory moments, too\u003cb>. \u003c/b>Because her mother was able to choose the time and place of her death, the family was able to help her experience her last days exactly as she wished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was so happy,\" Fong says of her mom's mood during a dinner party the night before her death. \"She was glowing the whole night.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, her mom took a cupful of medication, \"with two hands, and pounded it like a shot of whiskey. She looked at my dad and smiled, closed her eyes, and in 45 minutes, she was gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of a very few TED talks we have published this year. I saw it live, surrounded by weeping audience members, and it was not hard to imagine many thinking seriously about Fong's\u003cb> \u003c/b>challenge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you could design your own death, what would you want the experience to be like, and how would you want it to feel?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct/DeathwithDignityData\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual reports\u003c/a> compiled by Washington's department of health, the number of state residents who have opted to take lethal medication under the Death With Dignity Act has risen from 36 in 2009 to 192 in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of \u003ca href=\"https://www.deathwithdignity.org/learn/death-with-dignity-acts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">states\u003c/a>, including\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/06/07/physician-assisted-suicide-has-been-legal-in-california-for-a-year-hows-it-going/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California\u003c/a>, have passed similar legislation, and many legislatures \u003ca href=\"https://www.deathwithdignity.org/take-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the country\u003c/a> are currently considering their own versions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How would \u003cem>you\u003c/em> design your own death?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/438030/how-would-you-design-your-own-death-end-of-life-law-presents-profound-challenge",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1435",
"futureofyou_1436"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_438067",
"label": "source_futureofyou_438030"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/futureofyou?category=kqed-news": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 216,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 479,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"futureofyou_439132",
"futureofyou_439151",
"futureofyou_439106",
"futureofyou_439041",
"futureofyou_438097",
"futureofyou_438782",
"futureofyou_438664",
"futureofyou_438526",
"futureofyou_438169",
"futureofyou_438270",
"futureofyou_436414",
"futureofyou_438030"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou_category_kqed-news": {
"isLoading": true
},
"futureofyou_73": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"
},
"source_futureofyou_439132": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_439132",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_439151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_439151",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_439106": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_439106",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_439041": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_439041",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_438097": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_438097",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_438782": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_438782",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_438526": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_438526",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_438169": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_438169",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_438270": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_438270",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_436414": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_436414",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_438030": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_438030",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"futureofyou_1": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_1061": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1061",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1061",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Brain on Tech",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Brain on Tech Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1061,
"slug": "your-brain-on-tech",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/your-brain-on-tech"
},
"futureofyou_1183": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1183",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1183",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "internet addiction",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "internet addiction Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1183,
"slug": "internet-addiction",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/internet-addiction"
},
"futureofyou_803": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_803",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "803",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "screen time",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "screen time Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 803,
"slug": "screen-time",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/screen-time"
},
"futureofyou_188": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_188",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "188",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "smartphones",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "smartphones Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 188,
"slug": "smartphones",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/smartphones"
},
"futureofyou_1275": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1275",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1275",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1275,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/featured"
},
"futureofyou_1244": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1244",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1244",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "gender dysphoria",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "gender dysphoria Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1244,
"slug": "gender-dysphoria",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/gender-dysphoria"
},
"futureofyou_685": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_685",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "685",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "healthcare",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "healthcare Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 685,
"slug": "healthcare",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/healthcare"
},
"futureofyou_80": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_80",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 80,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"
},
"futureofyou_656": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_656",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "656",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "TedMed",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "TedMed Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 656,
"slug": "tedmed",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/tedmed"
},
"futureofyou_1018": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1018",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1018",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "transgender",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "transgender Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1018,
"slug": "transgender",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/transgender"
},
"futureofyou_452": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/health-policy"
},
"futureofyou_662": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_662",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "662",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "flu",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "flu Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 662,
"slug": "flu",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/flu"
},
"futureofyou_1455": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1455",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1455",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "flu vaccine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "flu vaccine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1455,
"slug": "flu-vaccine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/flu-vaccine"
},
"futureofyou_1379": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1379",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1379",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Amazon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Amazon Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1379,
"slug": "amazon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/amazon"
},
"futureofyou_419": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_419",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "419",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health insurance",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health insurance Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 419,
"slug": "health-insurance",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/health-insurance"
},
"futureofyou_1456": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1456",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1456",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Warren Buffett",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Warren Buffett Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1456,
"slug": "warren-buffett",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/warren-buffett"
},
"futureofyou_1445": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1445",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1445",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "4chan",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "4chan Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1445,
"slug": "4chan",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/4chan"
},
"futureofyou_1439": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1439",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1439",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "book excerpts",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "book excerpts Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1439,
"slug": "book-excerpts",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/book-excerpts"
},
"futureofyou_1442": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1442",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1442",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "gamergate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "gamergate Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1442,
"slug": "gamergate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/gamergate"
},
"futureofyou_1446": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1446",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1446",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "internet",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "internet Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1446,
"slug": "internet",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/internet"
},
"futureofyou_1444": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1444",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1444",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Reddit",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Reddit Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1444,
"slug": "reddit",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/reddit"
},
"futureofyou_174": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_174",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "174",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "social media",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "social media Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 174,
"slug": "social-media",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/social-media"
},
"futureofyou_1443": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1443",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1443",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "zoe quinn",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "zoe quinn Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1443,
"slug": "zoe-quinn",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/zoe-quinn"
},
"futureofyou_1060": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1060",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1060",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1060,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_1062": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1062",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1062",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1062,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_717": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_717",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "717",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "clinical trials",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "clinical trials Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 717,
"slug": "clinical-trials",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/clinical-trials"
},
"futureofyou_26": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_26",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "26",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "digital health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "digital health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 26,
"slug": "digital-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/digital-health"
},
"futureofyou_145": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_145",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "145",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sensors",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sensors Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 145,
"slug": "sensors",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/sensors"
},
"futureofyou_25": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_25",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "25",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wearables",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wearables Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 25,
"slug": "wearables",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/wearables"
},
"futureofyou_1453": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1453",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1453",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "#UsToo",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "#UsToo Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1453,
"slug": "ustoo",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/ustoo"
},
"futureofyou_1421": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1421",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1421",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "MeToo",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "MeToo Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1421,
"slug": "metoo",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/metoo"
},
"futureofyou_1312": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1312",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1312",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sexual harassment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sexual harassment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1312,
"slug": "sexual-harassment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/sexual-harassment"
},
"futureofyou_961": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_961",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "961",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "CIRM",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "CIRM Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 961,
"slug": "cirm",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cirm"
},
"futureofyou_680": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_680",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "680",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "stem cells",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "stem cells Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 680,
"slug": "stem-cells",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/stem-cells"
},
"futureofyou_124": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_124",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "124",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "crowdsourcing",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "crowdsourcing Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 124,
"slug": "crowdsourcing",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/crowdsourcing"
},
"futureofyou_1449": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1449",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1449",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "earthquake",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "earthquake Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1449,
"slug": "earthquake",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/earthquake"
},
"futureofyou_1450": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1450",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1450",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "seismology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "seismology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1450,
"slug": "seismology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/seismology"
},
"futureofyou_83": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_83",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "83",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqed",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqed Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 83,
"slug": "kqed",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqed"
},
"futureofyou_1385": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1385",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1385",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "malware",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "malware Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1385,
"slug": "malware",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/malware"
},
"futureofyou_766": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_766",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "766",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ransomware",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ransomware Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 766,
"slug": "ransomware",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/ransomware"
},
"futureofyou_1096": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1096",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1096",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Brain on Tech",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Brain on Tech Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1096,
"slug": "your-brain-on-tech",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/collection/your-brain-on-tech"
},
"futureofyou_1435": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1435",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1435",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "death with dignity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "death with dignity Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1435,
"slug": "death-with-dignity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/death-with-dignity"
},
"futureofyou_1436": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1436",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1436",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "end of life",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "end of life Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1436,
"slug": "end-of-life",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/end-of-life"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}