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"content": "\u003cp>100 years ago, cervical cancer reigned as the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then,\u003ca href=\"http://weill.cornell.edu/archives/blog/2011/06/george-papanicolaou-development-of-the-pap-smear.html\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\"> a doctor at Cornell University\u003c/span>\u003c/a> began conducting studies on the sex cycle of guinea pigs and in 1915 realized that a similar “smear” technique could be applied to the study of human vaginal cells. A few decades of disinterest and skepticism later, the Pap smear became the standard cancer screening test for women. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">the cervical cancer death rate has plunged by more than 50 percent and ranks 14th in frequency in the United States.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is far from the case in developing countries, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.womendeliver.org/assets/CervicalCancer_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">cervical cancer is the most common cancer\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/cervical-cancer-statistics\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">Over 85 percent of cervical cancer cases occur\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the developing world and these staggering rates are largely due to the lack of screening. Pap smears are rare and less than five percent of women receive any cervical cancer screening at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, new research and innovations in cervical cancer screening are helping to increase its breadth and frequency in many of the world’s poorest countries. Moreover, these new approaches are actually more accurate, convenient, and cost-effective than the traditional Pap smear, not to mention less unpleasant. They let doctors and their patients bypass the Pap smear altogether, while the Pap smear’s dominance in the U.S. remains strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Place for the Pap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women may be surprised to learn that the Pap smear only detects cancer about half of the time but repeating the test on a regular basis increases the chances of finding cancer since the disease is slow to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeating the test regularly is often not an option in developing countries where a number of barriers -- time, money, distance, transportation, children, agricultural cycles, social stigmas -- prevent women from visiting health clinics. Paps also take a hefty amount of resources to administer and read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Pap test is hard to implement in low resource settings because it requires expensive machines, labs, and trained technicians, as well as for women to make the trips to clinics,” said Dr. José Jerónimo, the senior adviser for women’s cancers in a reproductive health program called \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/our-work/reproductive-health.php\">PATH\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/\">PATH\u003c/a> is an international nonprofit dedicated to accelerating health innovation in the developing world. The organization has a number of initiatives aimed at making cervical cancer screening and prevention more prevalent in under-resourced areas. A key part of its approach is a low-tech effort called “VIA”, which stands for visual inspection with acetic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 446px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2125\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \" width=\"446\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-400x225.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-320x180.jpeg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This method involves swabbing the cervix with a 3 to 5 percent vinegar solution during a speculum exam, waiting for one minute, and then observing the cervix to see if white areas appear. In addition to being inexpensive and easy to administer, VIA also provides immediate results. It allows a patient to immediately receive guidance on next steps if the test is positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, like the Pap, the vinegar technique only identifies 50 to 60 percent of precancerous cases, which is why PATH helped develop \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/news/press-room/147/\">a new molecular test called careHPV\u003c/a> that was developed and field tested for use in low-resource settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CareHPV can detect DNA from 14 cancer-causing types of HPV in 2.5 hours without extensive lab facilities, using an affordable machine the size of a toaster oven that runs on electricity or a battery. Women can collect their own samples using a small brush, without the need for a pelvic exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This approach is ideal for environments where health care resources are limited and testing is often administered by community health workers who visit people’s homes, as well as in places where stigmas against pelvic exams persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerónimo said that simply by allowing women to collect the sample themselves, coverage increases by 4 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 443px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2124\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of medical students learn how to send images \" width=\"443\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-400x266.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-1180x786.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-320x213.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of medical students learn how to send images \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Texting, Calling, and Cervical Cancer Screening\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mobileodt.com/\">MobileODT\u003c/a> is a startup that makes a mobile colposcope, a long-range, Internet-connected magnifying glass that plugs into smartphones. The device provides a high-resolution image of cervical tissue, which can then be securely transmitted for diagnostics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Skip to the bottom to a video of how a mobile colposcope works.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are very few labs or specialists in developing countries who are able to correctly assess cervical cancer at its early stages,” said MobileODT chief executive and cofounder Ariel Beery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we seek to do is enable those same health workers who are already in the field to use a tool they use everyday — a mobile phone — to better visualize the cervix and collaborate with experts to process those images with greater accuracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advanced prototype of the mobile colposcope is currently being piloted in Kenya, Haiti, Mexico, Botswana and the U.S.. The startup ultimately hopes to use the data it collects to develop algorithms that are able to assess the risk of cervical cancer at any stage of the viruses’ development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/teamlivelonger-battling-cervical-cancer-in-haiti\">TeamLiveLonger\u003c/a> is another startup leveraging smartphone technology to combat cervical cancer, although its goal is to increase the feasibility of Pap smears, rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founder Lou Auguste is of Haitian descent and worked as a first responder after the 2010 earthquake. There, he learned that Haitian women have the highest rate of mortality from cervical cancer in the world, with 54 per 100,000 women dying from the disease each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most women in Haiti have never been tested for cervical cancer or they don’t catch it before it is too late,” Auguste said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doctors know how to perform pap smears but we realized there were only 5 pathologists in the whole country, so we needed to figure out a system for sending slides for consultations abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TeamLiveLonger developed an adaptor that connects a smartphone to a microscope to acquire images of slides. Its mobile technology then stitches the images together to produce a whole slide and securely transfers the images via a service called BitTorrent Sync (which enables the app to transfer large files over bad Internet connections) to a pathologist in the U.S. for analysis and diagnosis. TeamLiveLonger also built an electronic health record for mobile devices that makes it easy for health workers to keep cases updated and know when people come back to the clinic to receive results or treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pap smear may not be the best method of screening for cervical cancer but it does hold the dubious distinction of being the most prevalent one. Innovation after innovation has emerged in this space over the past 20 years but their adoption is much faster in the developing world without the entrenched legacy of the Pap smear to overcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While women in Haiti, India, Nicaragua and Uganda get screened for cervical cancer with a brush and a mobile phone, it looks like women in the U.S. will have to endure the speculum for the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm5ogJT-M9k]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>100 years ago, cervical cancer reigned as the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then,\u003ca href=\"http://weill.cornell.edu/archives/blog/2011/06/george-papanicolaou-development-of-the-pap-smear.html\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\"> a doctor at Cornell University\u003c/span>\u003c/a> began conducting studies on the sex cycle of guinea pigs and in 1915 realized that a similar “smear” technique could be applied to the study of human vaginal cells. A few decades of disinterest and skepticism later, the Pap smear became the standard cancer screening test for women. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">the cervical cancer death rate has plunged by more than 50 percent and ranks 14th in frequency in the United States.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is far from the case in developing countries, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.womendeliver.org/assets/CervicalCancer_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">cervical cancer is the most common cancer\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/cervical-cancer-statistics\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">Over 85 percent of cervical cancer cases occur\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the developing world and these staggering rates are largely due to the lack of screening. Pap smears are rare and less than five percent of women receive any cervical cancer screening at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, new research and innovations in cervical cancer screening are helping to increase its breadth and frequency in many of the world’s poorest countries. Moreover, these new approaches are actually more accurate, convenient, and cost-effective than the traditional Pap smear, not to mention less unpleasant. They let doctors and their patients bypass the Pap smear altogether, while the Pap smear’s dominance in the U.S. remains strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Place for the Pap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women may be surprised to learn that the Pap smear only detects cancer about half of the time but repeating the test on a regular basis increases the chances of finding cancer since the disease is slow to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeating the test regularly is often not an option in developing countries where a number of barriers -- time, money, distance, transportation, children, agricultural cycles, social stigmas -- prevent women from visiting health clinics. Paps also take a hefty amount of resources to administer and read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Pap test is hard to implement in low resource settings because it requires expensive machines, labs, and trained technicians, as well as for women to make the trips to clinics,” said Dr. José Jerónimo, the senior adviser for women’s cancers in a reproductive health program called \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/our-work/reproductive-health.php\">PATH\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/\">PATH\u003c/a> is an international nonprofit dedicated to accelerating health innovation in the developing world. The organization has a number of initiatives aimed at making cervical cancer screening and prevention more prevalent in under-resourced areas. A key part of its approach is a low-tech effort called “VIA”, which stands for visual inspection with acetic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 446px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2125\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \" width=\"446\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-400x225.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-320x180.jpeg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This method involves swabbing the cervix with a 3 to 5 percent vinegar solution during a speculum exam, waiting for one minute, and then observing the cervix to see if white areas appear. In addition to being inexpensive and easy to administer, VIA also provides immediate results. It allows a patient to immediately receive guidance on next steps if the test is positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, like the Pap, the vinegar technique only identifies 50 to 60 percent of precancerous cases, which is why PATH helped develop \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/news/press-room/147/\">a new molecular test called careHPV\u003c/a> that was developed and field tested for use in low-resource settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CareHPV can detect DNA from 14 cancer-causing types of HPV in 2.5 hours without extensive lab facilities, using an affordable machine the size of a toaster oven that runs on electricity or a battery. Women can collect their own samples using a small brush, without the need for a pelvic exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This approach is ideal for environments where health care resources are limited and testing is often administered by community health workers who visit people’s homes, as well as in places where stigmas against pelvic exams persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerónimo said that simply by allowing women to collect the sample themselves, coverage increases by 4 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 443px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2124\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of medical students learn how to send images \" width=\"443\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-400x266.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-1180x786.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-320x213.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of medical students learn how to send images \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Texting, Calling, and Cervical Cancer Screening\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mobileodt.com/\">MobileODT\u003c/a> is a startup that makes a mobile colposcope, a long-range, Internet-connected magnifying glass that plugs into smartphones. The device provides a high-resolution image of cervical tissue, which can then be securely transmitted for diagnostics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Skip to the bottom to a video of how a mobile colposcope works.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are very few labs or specialists in developing countries who are able to correctly assess cervical cancer at its early stages,” said MobileODT chief executive and cofounder Ariel Beery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we seek to do is enable those same health workers who are already in the field to use a tool they use everyday — a mobile phone — to better visualize the cervix and collaborate with experts to process those images with greater accuracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advanced prototype of the mobile colposcope is currently being piloted in Kenya, Haiti, Mexico, Botswana and the U.S.. The startup ultimately hopes to use the data it collects to develop algorithms that are able to assess the risk of cervical cancer at any stage of the viruses’ development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/teamlivelonger-battling-cervical-cancer-in-haiti\">TeamLiveLonger\u003c/a> is another startup leveraging smartphone technology to combat cervical cancer, although its goal is to increase the feasibility of Pap smears, rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founder Lou Auguste is of Haitian descent and worked as a first responder after the 2010 earthquake. There, he learned that Haitian women have the highest rate of mortality from cervical cancer in the world, with 54 per 100,000 women dying from the disease each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most women in Haiti have never been tested for cervical cancer or they don’t catch it before it is too late,” Auguste said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doctors know how to perform pap smears but we realized there were only 5 pathologists in the whole country, so we needed to figure out a system for sending slides for consultations abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TeamLiveLonger developed an adaptor that connects a smartphone to a microscope to acquire images of slides. Its mobile technology then stitches the images together to produce a whole slide and securely transfers the images via a service called BitTorrent Sync (which enables the app to transfer large files over bad Internet connections) to a pathologist in the U.S. for analysis and diagnosis. TeamLiveLonger also built an electronic health record for mobile devices that makes it easy for health workers to keep cases updated and know when people come back to the clinic to receive results or treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pap smear may not be the best method of screening for cervical cancer but it does hold the dubious distinction of being the most prevalent one. Innovation after innovation has emerged in this space over the past 20 years but their adoption is much faster in the developing world without the entrenched legacy of the Pap smear to overcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While women in Haiti, India, Nicaragua and Uganda get screened for cervical cancer with a brush and a mobile phone, it looks like women in the U.S. will have to endure the speculum for the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Using Technology to Help in Dementia Care",
"title": "Using Technology to Help in Dementia Care",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150420Sciencedementia.mp3\u003cbr>\nBy 2025, 7 million Americans will have Alzheimer’s disease, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alz.org/facts/overview.asp\">one recent estimate\u003c/a>. Millions more will suffer from dementia caused by other diseases, such as Parkinson’s, frontotemporal dementia or just regular aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, these diseases may become the most expensive segment of the so-called “silver tsunami”—80 million baby boomers—that will be crashing into the American medical system over the next 10 years or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients alone is expected to triple by 2050, to more than $1 trillion dollars a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That huge cost doesn’t include the burden on caregivers like Maria Martinez. She visits her parents’ small apartment in San Rafael almost daily to care for her mom, Aurora, who has Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Of caregivers, approximately 50 percent develop a major depressive illness.”\u003ccite>Bruce Miller,UCSF behavioral neurologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Martinez is an only child with a partner and a full-time job as an occupational therapist. But nearly every day she spends at least a couple of hours with her parents, managing a long list of responsibilities that are critical to their ability to live independently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local day program, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lifelongmedical.org/news-a-events/media-center/93-adult-day-health-care.html\">LifeLong Medical Care’s Marin Adult Day Health Center\u003c/a>, has been a lifesaver for her family, Martinez says. But still, she is constantly checking up on things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does [Aurora] have a doctor’s appointment? Are there enough diapers? Clothing? Laundry. Financial stuff, I manage that too,” says Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She bathes her mother, manages upkeep on the apartment, does much of the shopping and fills prescriptions for both of her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially in the early stages of Aurora’s illness, practical concerns loomed large. Sometimes she would wander in the middle of night. Her husband—Maria’s father—took to sleeping on the floor in front of the front door, worried Aurora might end up falling in the street and being hit by a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Martinez installed a lock at the top of the door, where Aurora couldn’t reach it, and a wind chime, to serve as an alarm.\u003cbr>\nhttps://vimeo.com/101243425\u003cbr>\nMartinez says right now her family is managing well, all things considered. But there have been times when she couldn’t help but note the impact her mother’s illness has had on her own life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can fall into that [state] where, ‘Oh my goodness, I’m feeling deprived,’” she says. “You have to snap out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Second Patient\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce Miller, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/\">Memory and Aging Center\u003c/a> at UC San Francisco, says for every person with dementia he treats, he finds himself caring for two patients: the one with dementia and the adult child or spouse who cares for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see it immediately when the patient walks in,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of caregivers, approximately 50 percent develop a major depressive illness,” Miller says. “Ten percent say that in the time they give care, they develop a serious medical problem because of the caregiving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overburdened caregivers can make bad decisions about how to care for their sick parent or spouse, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting multiple calls around small problems,” Miller says. “The caregiver is so overburdened that they don’t know what to do next. This adds a huge burden to the medical system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Better, Cheaper Dementia Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring, UCSF, along with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unmc.edu/\">University of Nebraska Medical Center\u003c/a> is beginning a $10 million study, funded by the federal government’s \u003ca href=\"http://innovation.cms.gov/\">Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation\u003c/a>, to try and improve this situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF and Nebraska researchers are using the money to develop a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/06/115476/dementia-care-%E2%80%9Cecosystem%E2%80%9D-bring-online-respite-caregivers\">dementia “ecosystem,”\u003c/a> which aims to ease the strain on caregivers while, reducing costs for caring for the growing number of dementia patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I know for sure no one’s gotten the data and proven that [this technology] works, proven that it improves peoples’ health, improves caregiver burden.”\u003ccite> Katrin Schenk,Physics teacher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study will enroll 2,100 patients at the two sites. Each patient will have a “navigator,” a nonmedical staff person who will coordinate care and triage calls, so minor issues don’t land patients in the ER. All care will be coordinated through an Internet “dashboard” developed by Salesforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some patients will also receive a set of activity trackers and sensors, which will be placed around the house or worn on the patient’s wrist. Much like Martinez’s wind chimes, the idea is to see whether sensors can detect when a patient is wandering off or, conversely, when they’ve been inactive for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple weeks ago, in a sunny conference room at UCSF, techies and doctors—almost all of whom have had family members with dementia—sat around a table, brainstorming other ways technology might be applied to dementia care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s safety issues like leaving the stove on,” suggests Katrin Schenk, who teaches physics at Randolph College in Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could easily put in a temperature sensor that knows: they went in there and turned on that burner,” Schenk says. “It’s been on for two hours; someone needs to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, she continues, what about the roughly one-third of dementia patients who also have diabetes? Could Bluetooth-enabled blood-sugar monitors allow family members and medical staff to check up on them remotely?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Compromise Between Safety and Independence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this all sounds intrusive, says Kate Possin, a neuropsychologist at UCSF, consider the alternative: anxious adult children and parents who end up in nursing homes sooner than they want to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This may be a compromise for them in their minds,” Possin says. “‘If I use this system, then my son who lives three hours away feels comfortable and safe with me living at home a little bit longer.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of tech start-ups are making the same case. In San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mylively.com/\">Lively\u003c/a> markets a system of networked sensors and a watch that can pick up on activity around the house and let family members or care providers know if there’s a worrisome change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of products—which let doctors and caregivers check up on patients remotely—have what Katrin Schenk calls “face validity.” They make sense, for some cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But do they help in the long run?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one question UCSF and the University of Nebraska Medical Center want to answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know for sure no one’s gotten the data and proven that [this technology] works,” Schenk says, “proven that it improves peoples’ health, improves caregiver burden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reduces hospitalizations,” adds Possin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Delays the entrance into a nursing home,” finishes Schenk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers will also want to see whether sensors and other technologies are helpful for people in later stages of dementia, like Aurora Martinez, or whether they just create more hassle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Possin says they hope to have some preliminary results next January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To learn more or to participate in the UCSF Care Ecosystem, please see tiny.ucsf.edu/CareEcosystem or contact Project Manager James Fraser \u003ca href=\"mailto:james.fraser2@ucsf.edu\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">james.fraser2@ucsf.edu\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, (415) 353-4078\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As the federal government prepares itself for a “silver tsunami” of aging baby boomers, Bay Area researchers have launched a study to see whether activity sensors, accelerometers and other technologies can ease the strain on dementia patients, caregivers, and the healthcare budget. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150420Sciencedementia.mp3\u003cbr>\nBy 2025, 7 million Americans will have Alzheimer’s disease, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alz.org/facts/overview.asp\">one recent estimate\u003c/a>. Millions more will suffer from dementia caused by other diseases, such as Parkinson’s, frontotemporal dementia or just regular aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, these diseases may become the most expensive segment of the so-called “silver tsunami”—80 million baby boomers—that will be crashing into the American medical system over the next 10 years or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients alone is expected to triple by 2050, to more than $1 trillion dollars a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That huge cost doesn’t include the burden on caregivers like Maria Martinez. She visits her parents’ small apartment in San Rafael almost daily to care for her mom, Aurora, who has Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Of caregivers, approximately 50 percent develop a major depressive illness.”\u003ccite>Bruce Miller,UCSF behavioral neurologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Martinez is an only child with a partner and a full-time job as an occupational therapist. But nearly every day she spends at least a couple of hours with her parents, managing a long list of responsibilities that are critical to their ability to live independently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local day program, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lifelongmedical.org/news-a-events/media-center/93-adult-day-health-care.html\">LifeLong Medical Care’s Marin Adult Day Health Center\u003c/a>, has been a lifesaver for her family, Martinez says. But still, she is constantly checking up on things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does [Aurora] have a doctor’s appointment? Are there enough diapers? Clothing? Laundry. Financial stuff, I manage that too,” says Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She bathes her mother, manages upkeep on the apartment, does much of the shopping and fills prescriptions for both of her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially in the early stages of Aurora’s illness, practical concerns loomed large. Sometimes she would wander in the middle of night. Her husband—Maria’s father—took to sleeping on the floor in front of the front door, worried Aurora might end up falling in the street and being hit by a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Martinez installed a lock at the top of the door, where Aurora couldn’t reach it, and a wind chime, to serve as an alarm.\u003cbr>\nhttps://vimeo.com/101243425\u003cbr>\nMartinez says right now her family is managing well, all things considered. But there have been times when she couldn’t help but note the impact her mother’s illness has had on her own life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can fall into that [state] where, ‘Oh my goodness, I’m feeling deprived,’” she says. “You have to snap out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Second Patient\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce Miller, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/\">Memory and Aging Center\u003c/a> at UC San Francisco, says for every person with dementia he treats, he finds himself caring for two patients: the one with dementia and the adult child or spouse who cares for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see it immediately when the patient walks in,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of caregivers, approximately 50 percent develop a major depressive illness,” Miller says. “Ten percent say that in the time they give care, they develop a serious medical problem because of the caregiving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overburdened caregivers can make bad decisions about how to care for their sick parent or spouse, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting multiple calls around small problems,” Miller says. “The caregiver is so overburdened that they don’t know what to do next. This adds a huge burden to the medical system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Better, Cheaper Dementia Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring, UCSF, along with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unmc.edu/\">University of Nebraska Medical Center\u003c/a> is beginning a $10 million study, funded by the federal government’s \u003ca href=\"http://innovation.cms.gov/\">Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation\u003c/a>, to try and improve this situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF and Nebraska researchers are using the money to develop a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/06/115476/dementia-care-%E2%80%9Cecosystem%E2%80%9D-bring-online-respite-caregivers\">dementia “ecosystem,”\u003c/a> which aims to ease the strain on caregivers while, reducing costs for caring for the growing number of dementia patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I know for sure no one’s gotten the data and proven that [this technology] works, proven that it improves peoples’ health, improves caregiver burden.”\u003ccite> Katrin Schenk,Physics teacher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study will enroll 2,100 patients at the two sites. Each patient will have a “navigator,” a nonmedical staff person who will coordinate care and triage calls, so minor issues don’t land patients in the ER. All care will be coordinated through an Internet “dashboard” developed by Salesforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some patients will also receive a set of activity trackers and sensors, which will be placed around the house or worn on the patient’s wrist. Much like Martinez’s wind chimes, the idea is to see whether sensors can detect when a patient is wandering off or, conversely, when they’ve been inactive for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple weeks ago, in a sunny conference room at UCSF, techies and doctors—almost all of whom have had family members with dementia—sat around a table, brainstorming other ways technology might be applied to dementia care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s safety issues like leaving the stove on,” suggests Katrin Schenk, who teaches physics at Randolph College in Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could easily put in a temperature sensor that knows: they went in there and turned on that burner,” Schenk says. “It’s been on for two hours; someone needs to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, she continues, what about the roughly one-third of dementia patients who also have diabetes? Could Bluetooth-enabled blood-sugar monitors allow family members and medical staff to check up on them remotely?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Compromise Between Safety and Independence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this all sounds intrusive, says Kate Possin, a neuropsychologist at UCSF, consider the alternative: anxious adult children and parents who end up in nursing homes sooner than they want to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This may be a compromise for them in their minds,” Possin says. “‘If I use this system, then my son who lives three hours away feels comfortable and safe with me living at home a little bit longer.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of tech start-ups are making the same case. In San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mylively.com/\">Lively\u003c/a> markets a system of networked sensors and a watch that can pick up on activity around the house and let family members or care providers know if there’s a worrisome change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of products—which let doctors and caregivers check up on patients remotely—have what Katrin Schenk calls “face validity.” They make sense, for some cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But do they help in the long run?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one question UCSF and the University of Nebraska Medical Center want to answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know for sure no one’s gotten the data and proven that [this technology] works,” Schenk says, “proven that it improves peoples’ health, improves caregiver burden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reduces hospitalizations,” adds Possin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Delays the entrance into a nursing home,” finishes Schenk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers will also want to see whether sensors and other technologies are helpful for people in later stages of dementia, like Aurora Martinez, or whether they just create more hassle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Possin says they hope to have some preliminary results next January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To learn more or to participate in the UCSF Care Ecosystem, please see tiny.ucsf.edu/CareEcosystem or contact Project Manager James Fraser \u003ca href=\"mailto:james.fraser2@ucsf.edu\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">james.fraser2@ucsf.edu\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, (415) 353-4078\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stressed-Out Startup Founders Find Support Online",
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"content": "\u003cp>In Silicon Valley, the archetypical startup founder is brilliant, young, hyper-ambitious to a fault, and rarely shows weakness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in reality, many founders are struggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entrepreneurs often shout from the rooftops about their personal and company milestones, whether it's a new investor or technical hire. But under all that bravado and outward confidence, many entrepreneur will face a lot of anxiety, stress and pressure to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2880px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1799\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team.jpg\" alt=\"The 7 Cups of Tea team on a company outing \" width=\"2880\" height=\"1835\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team.jpg 2880w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-400x255.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-768x489.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-320x204.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2880px) 100vw, 2880px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 7 Cups of Tea team on a company outing \u003ccite>(7 Cups of Tea )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I've been through two startups and it's rough,\" said Glen Moriarty, a trained psychologist and the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.7cupsoftea.com/\">7 Cups of Tea\u003c/a>, a website and app that connects entrepreneurs with peers, who act as confidential listeners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Founder life is incredibly challenging, but we rarely talk about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why 7 Cups of Tea launched a \u003ca href=\"http://www.7cupsoftea.com/startups/\">program\u003c/a> to support the emotional health of founders of other startups. 7 Cups of Tea's team is deeply embedded in the startup network. It was among the first health companies to graduate from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ycombinator.com/\">Y Combinator\u003c/a>, the accelerator program based in Mountain View, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes advantage of a growing trend for digital services that connect people with online health support. 7 Cups of Tea specializes in matching people with trained listeners who\u003ca href=\"http://www.7cupsoftea.com/listener/becomeListener.php\"> complete its online course\u003c/a>. Other apps like \u003ca href=\"http://www.doctorondemand.com/\">Doctor on Demand\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://mdlive.com\">MDLive\u003c/a> offer on-demand access to doctors and therapists -- all that's required is an Internet connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how it works: Register via the 7 Cups of Tea website or app, and connect to one of thousands of confidential listeners, who communicate with you via text message. Or alternatively, sign up for a group chat session with a featured expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I logged in one evening to a public 7 Cups of Tea session, where Charlie Hoehn, author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Play-It-Away-Workaholics-Anxiety/dp/0615918174\">Play It Away: A Workaholic’s Cure for Anxiety\u003c/a>, responded to concerns raised by startup founders, many of whom were anonymous. The experience is similar to a Reddit \"Ask Me Anything\" (AMA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some founders shared tips (\"In my experience, leaving the environment I am in really helps. So I leave office and go to a coffee shop or a library\"); others asked Hoehn questions (\"If the focus on my startup is what is causing all the anxiety, how can I balance it with focusing on other things like family or hobbies?\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an hour or so of monitoring the discussion, it seemed clear that startup founders didn't have many alternative spaces to discuss such topics as work-life balance, and dealing with both anxiety and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Popular Q&A site \u003ca href=\"http://quora.com\">Quora\u003c/a> is one of the few alternative online destinations for founders to share their real feelings and connect with peers. \u003ca href=\"http://www.quora.com/What-is-it-like-to-be-a-start-up-founder\">When a user posed the question,\u003c/a> \"What's it like to be a startup founder,\" over two-dozen people responded. The answers were surprisingly frank: One founder likened it to the experience of raising a child; calling his startup an act of \"creation.\"\u003ca href=\"We%20rarely%20hear%20about%20it%20in%20the%20press,%20or%20in%20pitch%20meetings.%C2%A0\"> \u003c/a>Another admitted that he thought about his startup an unhealthy amount: Every waking moment, including while spending time with his family or in the shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1856\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 462px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1856\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM.png\" alt=\"A response to a question on Quora about the realities of startup life\" width=\"462\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM.png 788w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM-400x170.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM-768x326.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM-320x136.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A response to a question on Quora about the realities of startup life\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chatting with a therapist face-to-face is advisable for stressed-out founders. But the virtual approach offers a few benefits of its own, and may work best in concert with traditional therapy. For one thing, entrepreneurs can chat anonymously with peers in the startup world, who share similar experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But will the majority of Silicon Valley entrepreneurs flock to a service like 7 Cups of Tea? At present, it has only reached a small percentage of the startup community. And will the key influencers embrace a culture of vulnerability and openness, rather than perpetuate long-standing myths about the dogged startup founder?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"This shouldn't be a taboo subject\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brad Feld is one of the few venture capitalists who has \u003ca href=\"http://feld.com/archives/2014/10/founder-suicides.html\">spoken out about his personal struggle\u003c/a> with clinical depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2781211/Mystery-three-suicides-tech-start-planning-bring-happiness-las-vegas.html\">series of suicides\u003c/a> that rocked the startup community, Feld called for more honest discussion about how intense it can be to start a company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado-based Feld is now one of the biggest advocates for \u003ca href=\"http://www.7cupsoftea.com/\">7 Cups Of Tea\u003c/a>'s startup program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't be a taboo subject,\" said Feld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Founders are buried by the myth that leaders must be strong... and that emotional and mental health issues will negatively impact their ability to be effective, so they must suppress them if they want to succeed as an entrepreneur,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Moriarty believes it can help to match up people who share a visceral understanding of the day-to-day stresses of running a company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from reaching out to entrepreneurs to sign up or act as counselors, Moriarty also hopes to convince venture capitalists to recommend 7 Cups of Tea to founders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not a lot of people understand that a startup isn't like grad school or a job, where hard work is often sufficient. With a startup, there is a lot of luck involved, regardless of your age and experience. A lot of things have to go right,\" said Moriarty. \"That's very stressful.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Silicon Valley, the archetypical startup founder is brilliant, young, hyper-ambitious to a fault, and rarely shows weakness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in reality, many founders are struggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entrepreneurs often shout from the rooftops about their personal and company milestones, whether it's a new investor or technical hire. But under all that bravado and outward confidence, many entrepreneur will face a lot of anxiety, stress and pressure to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2880px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1799\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team.jpg\" alt=\"The 7 Cups of Tea team on a company outing \" width=\"2880\" height=\"1835\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team.jpg 2880w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-400x255.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-768x489.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/7cupsoftea-team-320x204.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2880px) 100vw, 2880px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 7 Cups of Tea team on a company outing \u003ccite>(7 Cups of Tea )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I've been through two startups and it's rough,\" said Glen Moriarty, a trained psychologist and the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.7cupsoftea.com/\">7 Cups of Tea\u003c/a>, a website and app that connects entrepreneurs with peers, who act as confidential listeners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Founder life is incredibly challenging, but we rarely talk about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why 7 Cups of Tea launched a \u003ca href=\"http://www.7cupsoftea.com/startups/\">program\u003c/a> to support the emotional health of founders of other startups. 7 Cups of Tea's team is deeply embedded in the startup network. It was among the first health companies to graduate from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ycombinator.com/\">Y Combinator\u003c/a>, the accelerator program based in Mountain View, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes advantage of a growing trend for digital services that connect people with online health support. 7 Cups of Tea specializes in matching people with trained listeners who\u003ca href=\"http://www.7cupsoftea.com/listener/becomeListener.php\"> complete its online course\u003c/a>. Other apps like \u003ca href=\"http://www.doctorondemand.com/\">Doctor on Demand\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://mdlive.com\">MDLive\u003c/a> offer on-demand access to doctors and therapists -- all that's required is an Internet connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how it works: Register via the 7 Cups of Tea website or app, and connect to one of thousands of confidential listeners, who communicate with you via text message. Or alternatively, sign up for a group chat session with a featured expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I logged in one evening to a public 7 Cups of Tea session, where Charlie Hoehn, author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Play-It-Away-Workaholics-Anxiety/dp/0615918174\">Play It Away: A Workaholic’s Cure for Anxiety\u003c/a>, responded to concerns raised by startup founders, many of whom were anonymous. The experience is similar to a Reddit \"Ask Me Anything\" (AMA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some founders shared tips (\"In my experience, leaving the environment I am in really helps. So I leave office and go to a coffee shop or a library\"); others asked Hoehn questions (\"If the focus on my startup is what is causing all the anxiety, how can I balance it with focusing on other things like family or hobbies?\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an hour or so of monitoring the discussion, it seemed clear that startup founders didn't have many alternative spaces to discuss such topics as work-life balance, and dealing with both anxiety and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Popular Q&A site \u003ca href=\"http://quora.com\">Quora\u003c/a> is one of the few alternative online destinations for founders to share their real feelings and connect with peers. \u003ca href=\"http://www.quora.com/What-is-it-like-to-be-a-start-up-founder\">When a user posed the question,\u003c/a> \"What's it like to be a startup founder,\" over two-dozen people responded. The answers were surprisingly frank: One founder likened it to the experience of raising a child; calling his startup an act of \"creation.\"\u003ca href=\"We%20rarely%20hear%20about%20it%20in%20the%20press,%20or%20in%20pitch%20meetings.%C2%A0\"> \u003c/a>Another admitted that he thought about his startup an unhealthy amount: Every waking moment, including while spending time with his family or in the shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1856\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 462px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1856\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM.png\" alt=\"A response to a question on Quora about the realities of startup life\" width=\"462\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM.png 788w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM-400x170.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM-768x326.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-17-at-11.26.11-AM-320x136.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A response to a question on Quora about the realities of startup life\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chatting with a therapist face-to-face is advisable for stressed-out founders. But the virtual approach offers a few benefits of its own, and may work best in concert with traditional therapy. For one thing, entrepreneurs can chat anonymously with peers in the startup world, who share similar experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But will the majority of Silicon Valley entrepreneurs flock to a service like 7 Cups of Tea? At present, it has only reached a small percentage of the startup community. And will the key influencers embrace a culture of vulnerability and openness, rather than perpetuate long-standing myths about the dogged startup founder?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"This shouldn't be a taboo subject\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brad Feld is one of the few venture capitalists who has \u003ca href=\"http://feld.com/archives/2014/10/founder-suicides.html\">spoken out about his personal struggle\u003c/a> with clinical depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2781211/Mystery-three-suicides-tech-start-planning-bring-happiness-las-vegas.html\">series of suicides\u003c/a> that rocked the startup community, Feld called for more honest discussion about how intense it can be to start a company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado-based Feld is now one of the biggest advocates for \u003ca href=\"http://www.7cupsoftea.com/\">7 Cups Of Tea\u003c/a>'s startup program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't be a taboo subject,\" said Feld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Founders are buried by the myth that leaders must be strong... and that emotional and mental health issues will negatively impact their ability to be effective, so they must suppress them if they want to succeed as an entrepreneur,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Moriarty believes it can help to match up people who share a visceral understanding of the day-to-day stresses of running a company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from reaching out to entrepreneurs to sign up or act as counselors, Moriarty also hopes to convince venture capitalists to recommend 7 Cups of Tea to founders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not a lot of people understand that a startup isn't like grad school or a job, where hard work is often sufficient. With a startup, there is a lot of luck involved, regardless of your age and experience. A lot of things have to go right,\" said Moriarty. \"That's very stressful.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Meet the Man Leading California's $3M 'Precision Medicine' Initiative",
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"content": "\u003cp>\"Precision medicine\" may seem like a vague and futuristic term. But for President Obama and other policymakers, it represents the future of cancer treatment and care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, doctors would prescribe treatments that work for some or most people -- a \"one sized fits all\" approach. But precision medicine proposes that care providers treat patients on an individual basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the state of California stepped up its efforts to deliver more targeted health care by setting aside $3 million for precision medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program relies on support from patients, caregivers and researchers, including doctors and nurses. Many health experts are already on board, as precision medicine could dramatically improve how we treat serious diseases, like cancer and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2.jpg\" alt=\"A timeline of precision medicine milestones\" width=\"370\" height=\"1190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2.jpg 370w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-187x600.jpg 187w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-367x1180.jpg 367w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-320x1029.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A timeline of precision medicine milestones \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Atul Butte, a physician and computational health buff, has stepped up to lead California's $3 million initiative. \u003cem>KQED's Future of You\u003c/em> discussed with Butte the goals for the program,called the \"California Initiative To Advance Precision Medicine,\" a few of the challenges, and the real benefits for people. This interview has been edited and condensed for brevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do patients understand this \"Precision Medicine\" idea? How will you communicate this initiative to the general public?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honestly, I don't think most people do. We are still trying to define the phrase, and figure out how best to describe it to the public. President Obama mentioned it earlier this year in a speech, and positioned it as a way for the country to try to solve cancer. I use phrases like \"imagine a Google Maps for health\" or \"a new molecular approach to thinking about disease\" -- and I tell people that now we're in a position to really do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The analogy of \"Google Maps for health\" is catchy. Did you come up with it? And what does it mean?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I actually borrowed the term from a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/legacy_files/documents/new-taxonomy.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">2011 report from the Institute of Medicine\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. Susan Desmond-Hellman and \u003ca href=\"http://yamamotolab.ucsf.edu/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Keith Yamamoto\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and others from UCSF were part of a committee to decide what the future of medical research would be. The committee collected health data in all sorts of layers, including a layer for cost of care, for genomics, or for medications. But we are not connecting the dots between these layers. The analogy the committee used is with Google Maps, which pulls together in its visualization traffic data, restaurant ratings, building data and more. You need that kind of data integration for Life Sciences and medicine also.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>KQED \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/03/20/ucsf-white-house-search-for-better-treatments-for-disease/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cb>recently visited your new digs at the UCSF Mission Bay\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb> to meet with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Burwell and discuss the government's plans for Precision Medicine. What new details have emerged since then?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We're not looking at tiny bits of human DNA anymore, but the whole genome.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Well, our plans date back to well before your visit in March. Governor Brown mentioned 'Precision Medicine' in the 2014 State of the Union Address. A pot of money -- $3 million -- was put into the state budget. We've been thinking since then about how to leverage that money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We now know that we're planning to use it in two ways. We will start by collecting data that is necessary for us to provide Precision Medicine. We will determine questions like: Who has the assets? Is it groups of patients or genomics companies?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the money, however, will go to two research pilots. These pilots will be run at multiple sites across the UC Health System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will you pick the two pilots? Will you setup a committee to evaluate all the proposals? And which diseases are you focusing on first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We envision that all ten of the UC campuses will put in proposals. We may also get entries from Stanford and other California medical schools, as well as private biotech companies. We'll put together a committee in the next few weeks to decide on the two that will receive funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're hoping that different campuses will work together and exchange relevant data. For instance, if two of the UC schools are exceptionally great at taking care of patients with breast cancer, they could pool data to develop specific drug therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer is an obvious target for Precision Medicine, and a lot of people are talking about that. We could also help kids with rare diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will you deal with some of the challenges of sharing data across different medical institutions? As recent articles \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/broken-medical-records\">(including a two-part series from KQED) \u003c/a>have demonstrated, much of this data isn't stored in a format that computers can ingest. And as you gather this sensitive data, how will you protect it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this data is structured, which makes it easier for a computer to sort. But some of it, like imaging studies and text-based medical reports, are very difficult to process. There are some tools we can use, but we envision that many more tools will be developed in the next few years, whether it's from academia or private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing to highlight is that we want to make sure patients are involved in the process. We will make sure the data is anonymized and de-identified. We don't need to know who these patients are. We'll also be adding ethics and privacy advocates on the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>$3 million is a drop in the bucket when it comes to health care. Are you disappointed that there aren't more funds for the initiative?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankly, I am thrilled there is any money at all. Money for science from state budgets is hard to come by! But there may be more money in the future, potentially from private investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speaking of patients, how will people benefit from this initiative in real and tangible ways? The initiative seems quite vague in its scope.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's be clear: This is a modest sum of money that will be spent on short-term trials. Some patients might enroll in these studies, particularly as existing studies expand to more UC centers. Those who participate at the early stages can learn about genetics. But the experience will not change for the average Californian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you get involved in this field of \"computational health sciences\"? Will there be a hot market for jobs like this, which combine computer science and medicine skill-sets?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started my career as a computer scientist, and used to work as a contractor for big companies like Apple. I later attended medical school and trained as a pediatrician. My advisors convinced me to go to \u003ca href=\"http://web.mit.edu/\">The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to earn a PhD. \u003c/a>After graduating, I set up a lab to figure out how to better use medical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just moved over to UCSF from Stanford at the beginning of April to build out the Institute for Computational Health Science. We'll be recruiting heavily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field of bioinformatics has been important for some time, but the significance is new. We're not looking at tiny bits of human DNA anymore, but the whole genome. The scope is much bigger. Bioinformatics is absolutely the career of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What brought you to UCSF after over a decade at Stanford?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Bioinformatics is absolutely the career of the future.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I loved Stanford, but UCSF offered two things I couldn't get there. It's a major medical center with large patient populations and resources that are required to build out a whole program in computational health. We're going to build a new building -- you need a large set of resources for that. Also, I have this physician link across all the UC health campuses. That's 13 million patients! We can really learn a lot from them, while we work to improve the consistency of care across the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you have any plans for new research that would reduce inefficiencies and help keep health care costs under control? And how about pricing, which can wildly differ between California hospitals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there are a lot of inefficiencies in our health care system. I think data might shed light on where we can improve. I am hopeful we can reduce health care costs. How can we remove the piece that isn't needed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pricing depends on a complicated system of players, including payers. If I can even partially solve the cost problem, I'll see that as a success. Pricing is a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will the private sector get involved with this initiative? And are you looking at involving digital health tools from Silicon Valley's startups?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we expect that private industry will want to get involved. I have been getting tons of emails already from companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We envision that these pilots will draw on resources from the tech world, like Apple's ResearchKit, which offers an interesting way to recruit patients. We would also encourage research teams to use new tools and partner with companies like Apple or Samsung to get more outcomes data on their patients. What are patients like at home? How healthy are their habits? We need more real-world data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am definitely optimistic about the role of technology in health care. Computers and digitization really has helped. We just need to make sure people aren't being left behind as we move into this digital age, and that everyone makes these transition away from paper-based systems in a safe and effective way.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The state of California just launched a $3 million \"Precision Medicine\" initiative. The project's leader, Dr. Atul Butte, opens up to KQED about some of the key challenges, including efforts to safeguard patient privacy. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"Precision medicine\" may seem like a vague and futuristic term. But for President Obama and other policymakers, it represents the future of cancer treatment and care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, doctors would prescribe treatments that work for some or most people -- a \"one sized fits all\" approach. But precision medicine proposes that care providers treat patients on an individual basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the state of California stepped up its efforts to deliver more targeted health care by setting aside $3 million for precision medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program relies on support from patients, caregivers and researchers, including doctors and nurses. Many health experts are already on board, as precision medicine could dramatically improve how we treat serious diseases, like cancer and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2.jpg\" alt=\"A timeline of precision medicine milestones\" width=\"370\" height=\"1190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2.jpg 370w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-187x600.jpg 187w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-367x1180.jpg 367w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Precision-Medicine-Timeline2-320x1029.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A timeline of precision medicine milestones \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Atul Butte, a physician and computational health buff, has stepped up to lead California's $3 million initiative. \u003cem>KQED's Future of You\u003c/em> discussed with Butte the goals for the program,called the \"California Initiative To Advance Precision Medicine,\" a few of the challenges, and the real benefits for people. This interview has been edited and condensed for brevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do patients understand this \"Precision Medicine\" idea? How will you communicate this initiative to the general public?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honestly, I don't think most people do. We are still trying to define the phrase, and figure out how best to describe it to the public. President Obama mentioned it earlier this year in a speech, and positioned it as a way for the country to try to solve cancer. I use phrases like \"imagine a Google Maps for health\" or \"a new molecular approach to thinking about disease\" -- and I tell people that now we're in a position to really do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The analogy of \"Google Maps for health\" is catchy. Did you come up with it? And what does it mean?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I actually borrowed the term from a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/legacy_files/documents/new-taxonomy.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">2011 report from the Institute of Medicine\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. Susan Desmond-Hellman and \u003ca href=\"http://yamamotolab.ucsf.edu/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Keith Yamamoto\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and others from UCSF were part of a committee to decide what the future of medical research would be. The committee collected health data in all sorts of layers, including a layer for cost of care, for genomics, or for medications. But we are not connecting the dots between these layers. The analogy the committee used is with Google Maps, which pulls together in its visualization traffic data, restaurant ratings, building data and more. You need that kind of data integration for Life Sciences and medicine also.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>KQED \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/03/20/ucsf-white-house-search-for-better-treatments-for-disease/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cb>recently visited your new digs at the UCSF Mission Bay\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb> to meet with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Burwell and discuss the government's plans for Precision Medicine. What new details have emerged since then?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We're not looking at tiny bits of human DNA anymore, but the whole genome.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Well, our plans date back to well before your visit in March. Governor Brown mentioned 'Precision Medicine' in the 2014 State of the Union Address. A pot of money -- $3 million -- was put into the state budget. We've been thinking since then about how to leverage that money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We now know that we're planning to use it in two ways. We will start by collecting data that is necessary for us to provide Precision Medicine. We will determine questions like: Who has the assets? Is it groups of patients or genomics companies?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the money, however, will go to two research pilots. These pilots will be run at multiple sites across the UC Health System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will you pick the two pilots? Will you setup a committee to evaluate all the proposals? And which diseases are you focusing on first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We envision that all ten of the UC campuses will put in proposals. We may also get entries from Stanford and other California medical schools, as well as private biotech companies. We'll put together a committee in the next few weeks to decide on the two that will receive funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're hoping that different campuses will work together and exchange relevant data. For instance, if two of the UC schools are exceptionally great at taking care of patients with breast cancer, they could pool data to develop specific drug therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer is an obvious target for Precision Medicine, and a lot of people are talking about that. We could also help kids with rare diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will you deal with some of the challenges of sharing data across different medical institutions? As recent articles \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/broken-medical-records\">(including a two-part series from KQED) \u003c/a>have demonstrated, much of this data isn't stored in a format that computers can ingest. And as you gather this sensitive data, how will you protect it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this data is structured, which makes it easier for a computer to sort. But some of it, like imaging studies and text-based medical reports, are very difficult to process. There are some tools we can use, but we envision that many more tools will be developed in the next few years, whether it's from academia or private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing to highlight is that we want to make sure patients are involved in the process. We will make sure the data is anonymized and de-identified. We don't need to know who these patients are. We'll also be adding ethics and privacy advocates on the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>$3 million is a drop in the bucket when it comes to health care. Are you disappointed that there aren't more funds for the initiative?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankly, I am thrilled there is any money at all. Money for science from state budgets is hard to come by! But there may be more money in the future, potentially from private investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speaking of patients, how will people benefit from this initiative in real and tangible ways? The initiative seems quite vague in its scope.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's be clear: This is a modest sum of money that will be spent on short-term trials. Some patients might enroll in these studies, particularly as existing studies expand to more UC centers. Those who participate at the early stages can learn about genetics. But the experience will not change for the average Californian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you get involved in this field of \"computational health sciences\"? Will there be a hot market for jobs like this, which combine computer science and medicine skill-sets?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started my career as a computer scientist, and used to work as a contractor for big companies like Apple. I later attended medical school and trained as a pediatrician. My advisors convinced me to go to \u003ca href=\"http://web.mit.edu/\">The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to earn a PhD. \u003c/a>After graduating, I set up a lab to figure out how to better use medical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just moved over to UCSF from Stanford at the beginning of April to build out the Institute for Computational Health Science. We'll be recruiting heavily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field of bioinformatics has been important for some time, but the significance is new. We're not looking at tiny bits of human DNA anymore, but the whole genome. The scope is much bigger. Bioinformatics is absolutely the career of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What brought you to UCSF after over a decade at Stanford?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Bioinformatics is absolutely the career of the future.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I loved Stanford, but UCSF offered two things I couldn't get there. It's a major medical center with large patient populations and resources that are required to build out a whole program in computational health. We're going to build a new building -- you need a large set of resources for that. Also, I have this physician link across all the UC health campuses. That's 13 million patients! We can really learn a lot from them, while we work to improve the consistency of care across the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you have any plans for new research that would reduce inefficiencies and help keep health care costs under control? And how about pricing, which can wildly differ between California hospitals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there are a lot of inefficiencies in our health care system. I think data might shed light on where we can improve. I am hopeful we can reduce health care costs. How can we remove the piece that isn't needed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pricing depends on a complicated system of players, including payers. If I can even partially solve the cost problem, I'll see that as a success. Pricing is a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will the private sector get involved with this initiative? And are you looking at involving digital health tools from Silicon Valley's startups?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we expect that private industry will want to get involved. I have been getting tons of emails already from companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We envision that these pilots will draw on resources from the tech world, like Apple's ResearchKit, which offers an interesting way to recruit patients. We would also encourage research teams to use new tools and partner with companies like Apple or Samsung to get more outcomes data on their patients. What are patients like at home? How healthy are their habits? We need more real-world data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am definitely optimistic about the role of technology in health care. Computers and digitization really has helped. We just need to make sure people aren't being left behind as we move into this digital age, and that everyone makes these transition away from paper-based systems in a safe and effective way.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "9 Fresh Ways Medicine Makes Use of Social Media",
"title": "9 Fresh Ways Medicine Makes Use of Social Media",
"headTitle": "Contributor | Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Author Emily F. Peters is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.uncommonbold.com/\">Uncommon Bold\u003c/a>, a San Francisco–based brand strategy studio. Reach her on Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EmilyFPeters\">@emilyfpeters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has 1.3 billion users, more than 900 million people use Twitter, and an hour of video is uploaded to YouTube every single second. In the last decade, social networks have fundamentally changed the ways we connect, build communities and \u003ca href=\"http://giphy.com/search/ninja-cat\">share ninja cat GIFs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much about health care seems perfectly matched for this modern landscape of social media: All those heart-wrenching stories of recovery against the odds, inspiring new robotic inventions, cases of doctors who just care too much and loads of “you’ll never believe” medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to social media, the health sector is just getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Healthcare is habitually late to the party when it comes to marketing and communications, as it's a heavily regulated industry. Social media is no exception,\" said Amanda Changuris, a social media marketing analyst at Highmark and an advisor to the \u003ca href=\"http://network.socialmedia.mayoclinic.org/about-3/\">Mayo Clinic Center for Social Media.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The good news is that there are now some truly excellent minds putting the medium through its paces for the benefit of patients, physicians and the public in general,\" said Changuris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can social media and medicine do? From organ donations to #FOMO (which stands for \"fear of missing out\"), here are nine ingenious examples of health care making the most of social networks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opening Operating Rooms to the World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If blood and gore doesn't make you squeamish, tune into live hospital video streams. Health organizations are tapping into our fascination with medicine and human anatomy by broadcasting surgical procedures via social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swedish.org/landing-pages/cochlear-implant-and-hearing-loss-web-series\">The Swedish Medical Center in Washington State\u003c/a> ran a live broadcast of a cochlear implant surgery and followed up with emotional video of the patient listening to music for the first time. \u003ca href=\"http://www.memorialhermann.org/body-of-experts/c-section-twittercast/\">Memorial Hermann Hospital in Texas \u003c/a>showed a six-pound baby boy being delivered via cesarean section live from the OR on Twitter. \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/ucla-live-tweets-surgery-to-implant-246356\">UCLA broadcast live on Vine \u003c/a>during brain surgery, showing the Parkinson’s patient playing country music guitar mid-operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1550\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720.jpg\" alt='A screenshot from a video intended to reduce fears about the \"snip\"' width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot from a video intended to reduce fears about the \"snip\" \u003ccite>(YouTube/ World Vasectomy Day)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, the doctors behind \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldvasectomyday.org\">World Vasectomy Day\u003c/a> took it a step further with a single-day live broadcast of 25 vasectomies. Over 10,000 viewers tuned in to the video stream of surgeries, international video interviews and short documentaries -- all as part of advocacy efforts to reduce fear of “the snip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crowdsourcing Tough Medical Diagnoses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average patient who signs up to a website called \u003ca href=\"http://crowdmed.com\">CrowdMed\u003c/a> has been sick for about eight years, spent more than $55,000 on medical expenses and still doesn’t have a diagnosis for their disease. The crowdsourcing startup helps patients reach a network of “medical detectives”— mostly healthcare professionals and medical students across 23 countries—with their tough medical cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/our-stories/julietta\">One patient, Juliette (pseudonym), \u003c/a>found a diagnosis and cure in just two weeks for a painful swelling condition that had kept her bedridden and undergoing surgery for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our 'medical detectives' spend an average of 11 hours per month solving medical cases on the network, which is more time than the average user spends on any other online social media,” said Jessica Greenwalt, co-founder of CrowdMed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They devote a lot of time to researching diagnoses and communicating with patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raising Millions for Clinical Research\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When four-year-old Eliza O’Neill was diagnosed with a rare pediatric disease, her parents turned to social media with a poignant video. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gofundme.com/ElizaONeill\">They’ve now raised more than $2 million for Sanfilippo Syndrome\u003c/a> from 30,000 donors and are working with Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Ohio to speed clinical trials for a promising cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"425\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/G0IY8qG7J-I?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campaigns like Eliza's and\u003ca href=\"http://www.alsa.org/about-us/ice-bucket-challenge-faq.html\"> the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge\u003c/a> —which raised $115 million in just a few months -- prove just how potent a platform social media can be for raising funds and awareness. The social media model is now being used for everything from \u003ca href=\"http://fightcolorectalcancer.org/do-something/raise-awareness/strong-arm-selfie/\">#strongarmselfies\u003c/a> for colon cancer to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/west-africans-get-creative-ebola-awareness\">buckets of soapy water for Ebola awareness.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tapping into #FOMO for Public Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA studied using social networks to drive up peer pressure and combat the spread of AIDS. The Harnessing Online Peer Education \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/combining-social-media-and-behavioral-psychology-could-lead-to-more-hiv-testing\">(HOPE) study\u003c/a> found that social media conversations could triple the request rate for at-home HIV tests in high-risk populations in just three weeks. The researchers are now focused on expanding the study’s lessons to combat substance abuse, depression and bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a huge potential in social media—not necessarily because of social media itself, but because everyone uses it,” said Sean Young, executive director, UC Institute for Prediction Technology and UCLA Center for Digital Behavior and the primary investigator on the HOPE study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Researchers are typically behind the curve in terms of what people are using in technology. People who want to find sex partners, who want to find drugs, they’re going to use the most up-to-date technology to do that. Researchers need to stay ahead of the latest tech trends to keep up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mining Social Data for Life-Saving Trends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive, real-time trove of public social media data is a potential gold mine for medical researchers. For example, University of Pennsylvania recently found that \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/26/2/159\">angry tweets were a strong predictor of fatal cardiac disease.\u003c/a> According to the study, the “model based only on Twitter language predicted [heart disease] mortality significantly better than did a model that combined 10 common demographic, socioeconomic and health risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension and obesity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1551\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 432px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1551\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a real-time Ebola tracking map from researchers at Northeastern \" width=\"432\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1.jpg 1169w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-400x283.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-800x566.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-768x543.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-320x226.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of a real-time Ebola tracking map from researchers at Northeastern \u003ccite>(Emily Peters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Northeastern University created a real-time map tracking international \u003ca href=\"http://ebolatracking.org\">Ebola awareness\u003c/a> through tweets. In Italy, scientists improved on Google’s Flu Trends to create accurate \u003ca href=\"http://www.aiimjournal.com/article/S0933-3657(14)00004-9/abstract\">“syndromic surveillance”\u003c/a> of flu through Twitter. While the potential for social media in research is huge, there are emerging debates about the \u003ca href=\"http://sciencelife.uchospitals.edu/2014/10/21/a-tempting-source-of-data-social-media-is-uncharted-ethical-territory-for-medical-research/\">ethics and accuracy of using the data.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Direct Messaging Candidates for Clinical Trials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 30 percent of the work of a clinical trial is spent on patient recruiting, and difficulty finding patients is cited as the top reason that clinical research is delayed. Social media is changing this fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1553\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 385px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1553\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients.png\" alt=\"A graphic developed by PatientsLikeMe\" width=\"385\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-400x400.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-600x600.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-1180x1180.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-768x768.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-320x320.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graphic developed by PatientsLikeMe \u003ccite>(PatientsLikeMe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/04/09/peds.2013-2966.abstract\">one study in the journal Pediatrics\u003c/a> found that 84 percent of patients for two recent pediatric rare disease trials were referred via social media. The patient social network \u003ca href=\"http://patientslikeme.com\">PatientsLikeMe\u003c/a> even has a tool to automatically match members to over 45,000 clinical trial opportunities. Patient recruitment via social networks could lead to quicker and more cost-effective research for cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paging Doctors About the Conversation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1554\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 460px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1554\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO.jpeg\" alt=\"A heat map of salaries for general surgeons by U.S. country\" width=\"460\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO.jpeg 2400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-400x200.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-800x400.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-1180x590.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-768x384.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-320x160.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A heat map of salaries for general surgeons by region. \u003ccite>(Doximity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strict privacy restrictions made social media a dangerous territory for medical professionals early on, but the healthcare sector is adapting quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professional networks such as \u003ca href=\"http://sermo.com\">Sermo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://doximity.com\">Doximity\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://figure1.com/\">Figure 1\u003c/a> have created physician-only social spaces for collaboration. Doximity has gone so far as to crowd-source information on medical training and salaries to provide back to its doctor membership. \u003ca href=\"http://network.socialmedia.mayoclinic.org/social-media-residency/\">Mayo Clinic’s Center for Social Media\u003c/a> has been a leader in helping doctors and medical organizations to dip their toes in the social waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Trending? Organ Donations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Facebook added a single organ donation question to their timeline, over 57,000 people announced their intentions to be donors, and 13,000 officially joined their state registry in a single day— \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/the_facebook_effect_social_media_dramatically_boosts_organ_donor_registration\">an increase of 21 times\u003c/a> over normal registration rates, according to Johns Hopkins researchers. The long-term impact of Facebook’s organ donation campaign is still being studied, but it’s a hopeful step for the over 100,000 Americans currently on organ waiting lists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making Disease Awareness Personal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, a social media campaign made use of Facebook’s unique features to cleverly raise awareness of a terrible disease. In Holland, health advocates photoshopped people into pictures of events they never attended and then tagged them on Facebook. A followup message said, “Confusing, right? You’re now experiencing what it’s like to have Alzheimer’s disease.” Skip to the bottom for \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/85254361\">a video\u003c/a> with details of their ingenious social campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the examples above took place in the past few years, which suggests that this potent combination of social media and medicine is still in its early days. Despite concerns about consumer privacy and some reticence from healthcare leaders, researchers, doctors, and patients have found fresh new ways to make the most of the social networks that connect us all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[vimeo 85254361 w=500 h=281]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclosure: Peters is a shareholder in Doximity having worked with them until February of 2015. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Author Emily F. Peters is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.uncommonbold.com/\">Uncommon Bold\u003c/a>, a San Francisco–based brand strategy studio. Reach her on Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EmilyFPeters\">@emilyfpeters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has 1.3 billion users, more than 900 million people use Twitter, and an hour of video is uploaded to YouTube every single second. In the last decade, social networks have fundamentally changed the ways we connect, build communities and \u003ca href=\"http://giphy.com/search/ninja-cat\">share ninja cat GIFs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much about health care seems perfectly matched for this modern landscape of social media: All those heart-wrenching stories of recovery against the odds, inspiring new robotic inventions, cases of doctors who just care too much and loads of “you’ll never believe” medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to social media, the health sector is just getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Healthcare is habitually late to the party when it comes to marketing and communications, as it's a heavily regulated industry. Social media is no exception,\" said Amanda Changuris, a social media marketing analyst at Highmark and an advisor to the \u003ca href=\"http://network.socialmedia.mayoclinic.org/about-3/\">Mayo Clinic Center for Social Media.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The good news is that there are now some truly excellent minds putting the medium through its paces for the benefit of patients, physicians and the public in general,\" said Changuris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can social media and medicine do? From organ donations to #FOMO (which stands for \"fear of missing out\"), here are nine ingenious examples of health care making the most of social networks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opening Operating Rooms to the World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If blood and gore doesn't make you squeamish, tune into live hospital video streams. Health organizations are tapping into our fascination with medicine and human anatomy by broadcasting surgical procedures via social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swedish.org/landing-pages/cochlear-implant-and-hearing-loss-web-series\">The Swedish Medical Center in Washington State\u003c/a> ran a live broadcast of a cochlear implant surgery and followed up with emotional video of the patient listening to music for the first time. \u003ca href=\"http://www.memorialhermann.org/body-of-experts/c-section-twittercast/\">Memorial Hermann Hospital in Texas \u003c/a>showed a six-pound baby boy being delivered via cesarean section live from the OR on Twitter. \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/ucla-live-tweets-surgery-to-implant-246356\">UCLA broadcast live on Vine \u003c/a>during brain surgery, showing the Parkinson’s patient playing country music guitar mid-operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1550\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720.jpg\" alt='A screenshot from a video intended to reduce fears about the \"snip\"' width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot from a video intended to reduce fears about the \"snip\" \u003ccite>(YouTube/ World Vasectomy Day)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, the doctors behind \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldvasectomyday.org\">World Vasectomy Day\u003c/a> took it a step further with a single-day live broadcast of 25 vasectomies. Over 10,000 viewers tuned in to the video stream of surgeries, international video interviews and short documentaries -- all as part of advocacy efforts to reduce fear of “the snip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crowdsourcing Tough Medical Diagnoses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average patient who signs up to a website called \u003ca href=\"http://crowdmed.com\">CrowdMed\u003c/a> has been sick for about eight years, spent more than $55,000 on medical expenses and still doesn’t have a diagnosis for their disease. The crowdsourcing startup helps patients reach a network of “medical detectives”— mostly healthcare professionals and medical students across 23 countries—with their tough medical cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/our-stories/julietta\">One patient, Juliette (pseudonym), \u003c/a>found a diagnosis and cure in just two weeks for a painful swelling condition that had kept her bedridden and undergoing surgery for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our 'medical detectives' spend an average of 11 hours per month solving medical cases on the network, which is more time than the average user spends on any other online social media,” said Jessica Greenwalt, co-founder of CrowdMed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They devote a lot of time to researching diagnoses and communicating with patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raising Millions for Clinical Research\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When four-year-old Eliza O’Neill was diagnosed with a rare pediatric disease, her parents turned to social media with a poignant video. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gofundme.com/ElizaONeill\">They’ve now raised more than $2 million for Sanfilippo Syndrome\u003c/a> from 30,000 donors and are working with Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Ohio to speed clinical trials for a promising cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"425\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/G0IY8qG7J-I?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campaigns like Eliza's and\u003ca href=\"http://www.alsa.org/about-us/ice-bucket-challenge-faq.html\"> the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge\u003c/a> —which raised $115 million in just a few months -- prove just how potent a platform social media can be for raising funds and awareness. The social media model is now being used for everything from \u003ca href=\"http://fightcolorectalcancer.org/do-something/raise-awareness/strong-arm-selfie/\">#strongarmselfies\u003c/a> for colon cancer to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/west-africans-get-creative-ebola-awareness\">buckets of soapy water for Ebola awareness.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tapping into #FOMO for Public Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA studied using social networks to drive up peer pressure and combat the spread of AIDS. The Harnessing Online Peer Education \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/combining-social-media-and-behavioral-psychology-could-lead-to-more-hiv-testing\">(HOPE) study\u003c/a> found that social media conversations could triple the request rate for at-home HIV tests in high-risk populations in just three weeks. The researchers are now focused on expanding the study’s lessons to combat substance abuse, depression and bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a huge potential in social media—not necessarily because of social media itself, but because everyone uses it,” said Sean Young, executive director, UC Institute for Prediction Technology and UCLA Center for Digital Behavior and the primary investigator on the HOPE study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Researchers are typically behind the curve in terms of what people are using in technology. People who want to find sex partners, who want to find drugs, they’re going to use the most up-to-date technology to do that. Researchers need to stay ahead of the latest tech trends to keep up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mining Social Data for Life-Saving Trends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive, real-time trove of public social media data is a potential gold mine for medical researchers. For example, University of Pennsylvania recently found that \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/26/2/159\">angry tweets were a strong predictor of fatal cardiac disease.\u003c/a> According to the study, the “model based only on Twitter language predicted [heart disease] mortality significantly better than did a model that combined 10 common demographic, socioeconomic and health risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension and obesity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1551\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 432px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1551\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a real-time Ebola tracking map from researchers at Northeastern \" width=\"432\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1.jpg 1169w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-400x283.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-800x566.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-768x543.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-320x226.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of a real-time Ebola tracking map from researchers at Northeastern \u003ccite>(Emily Peters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Northeastern University created a real-time map tracking international \u003ca href=\"http://ebolatracking.org\">Ebola awareness\u003c/a> through tweets. In Italy, scientists improved on Google’s Flu Trends to create accurate \u003ca href=\"http://www.aiimjournal.com/article/S0933-3657(14)00004-9/abstract\">“syndromic surveillance”\u003c/a> of flu through Twitter. While the potential for social media in research is huge, there are emerging debates about the \u003ca href=\"http://sciencelife.uchospitals.edu/2014/10/21/a-tempting-source-of-data-social-media-is-uncharted-ethical-territory-for-medical-research/\">ethics and accuracy of using the data.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Direct Messaging Candidates for Clinical Trials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 30 percent of the work of a clinical trial is spent on patient recruiting, and difficulty finding patients is cited as the top reason that clinical research is delayed. Social media is changing this fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1553\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 385px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1553\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients.png\" alt=\"A graphic developed by PatientsLikeMe\" width=\"385\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-400x400.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-600x600.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-1180x1180.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-768x768.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-320x320.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graphic developed by PatientsLikeMe \u003ccite>(PatientsLikeMe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/04/09/peds.2013-2966.abstract\">one study in the journal Pediatrics\u003c/a> found that 84 percent of patients for two recent pediatric rare disease trials were referred via social media. The patient social network \u003ca href=\"http://patientslikeme.com\">PatientsLikeMe\u003c/a> even has a tool to automatically match members to over 45,000 clinical trial opportunities. Patient recruitment via social networks could lead to quicker and more cost-effective research for cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paging Doctors About the Conversation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1554\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 460px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1554\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO.jpeg\" alt=\"A heat map of salaries for general surgeons by U.S. country\" width=\"460\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO.jpeg 2400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-400x200.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-800x400.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-1180x590.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-768x384.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-320x160.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A heat map of salaries for general surgeons by region. \u003ccite>(Doximity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strict privacy restrictions made social media a dangerous territory for medical professionals early on, but the healthcare sector is adapting quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professional networks such as \u003ca href=\"http://sermo.com\">Sermo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://doximity.com\">Doximity\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://figure1.com/\">Figure 1\u003c/a> have created physician-only social spaces for collaboration. Doximity has gone so far as to crowd-source information on medical training and salaries to provide back to its doctor membership. \u003ca href=\"http://network.socialmedia.mayoclinic.org/social-media-residency/\">Mayo Clinic’s Center for Social Media\u003c/a> has been a leader in helping doctors and medical organizations to dip their toes in the social waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Trending? Organ Donations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Facebook added a single organ donation question to their timeline, over 57,000 people announced their intentions to be donors, and 13,000 officially joined their state registry in a single day— \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/the_facebook_effect_social_media_dramatically_boosts_organ_donor_registration\">an increase of 21 times\u003c/a> over normal registration rates, according to Johns Hopkins researchers. The long-term impact of Facebook’s organ donation campaign is still being studied, but it’s a hopeful step for the over 100,000 Americans currently on organ waiting lists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making Disease Awareness Personal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, a social media campaign made use of Facebook’s unique features to cleverly raise awareness of a terrible disease. In Holland, health advocates photoshopped people into pictures of events they never attended and then tagged them on Facebook. A followup message said, “Confusing, right? You’re now experiencing what it’s like to have Alzheimer’s disease.” Skip to the bottom for \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/85254361\">a video\u003c/a> with details of their ingenious social campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the examples above took place in the past few years, which suggests that this potent combination of social media and medicine is still in its early days. Despite concerns about consumer privacy and some reticence from healthcare leaders, researchers, doctors, and patients have found fresh new ways to make the most of the social networks that connect us all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclosure: Peters is a shareholder in Doximity having worked with them until February of 2015. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Activity trackers have become increasingly popular over the past few years, monitoring everything from how many steps you walk, to the quality of your sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003ca href=\"http://www.johnhancock.com/\">John Hancock\u003c/a>, a U.S.-based insurer, hopes that health conscious people will exchange activity data for lower life insurance premiums and other perks. Those who sign up for this program, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/your-money/giving-out-private-data-for-discount-in-insurance.html?_r=1\">the first of its kind in the United States\u003c/a>, will receive a free Fitbit to track their activity levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This program may seem like a win-win: Insurers can sell their product to a new market of digitally savvy gadget lovers and in return, healthy consumers can access steep discounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fjB5YrbknweMxVXOZvSYHihjPK91mn9O\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But privacy advocates fear that programs like these will result in auto, health and life insurers hedging their risks by monitoring your every move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is essentially a medical surveillance system,” said Jamie Court from Consumer Watchdog, a nonprofit that advocates for taxpayer and consumer interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This may look like a carrot to lure new customers, but it’s ultimately a stick,” he said. Court fears that John Hancock’s program will slowly gain acceptance among young and affluent people, who frequently go to the gym. But over time, insurers will build tools that will be used to deny people coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re hit by a car or something happens, insurance companies would go ahead and raise your rates. The more data they get, the more they can use it against us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, privacy experts fear that there’s very little to stop a life insurance company from putting those who fail to stay active on a blacklist of sorts, which is akin to the experience of having a low credit score.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“No data is immune from a breach.”\u003ccite> Christine Sublett, health-technology consultant\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In response to privacy concerns, J\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/08/398306430/john-hancock-hopes-youll-trade-activity-data-for-insurance-discounts\">ohn Hancock told the\u003cem> New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that its policyholders’ sensitive health data would not be sold to third parties. The firm stressed that the data will only be shared with Vitality, the corporate wellness company that it is partnering with for the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t buy it,” said Court, when informed about the company’s efforts to safeguard people’s health data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“John Hancock works with financial affiliates. Would these organizations gain access to your health information?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, Court said, there’s nothing stopping John Hancock from following in the footsteps of companies like Facebook and Google by regularly tweaking the fine print of its privacy policy, which few people notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security experts also harbor concerns that insurers will not do enough to protect people’s valuable health and location data from hackers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No data is immune from a breach,” said Christine Sublett, a security expert who consults with health-technology companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1476\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1476 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"(Arwen Curry/KQED)\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hancock hopes gadget-loving consumers will flock to its new program. (Arwen Curry/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Health insurance giant Anthem \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/05/383961185/hackers-strike-health-insurer-anthem-inc\">recently experienced a security breach\u003c/a> that left vulnerable more than 80 million people. In response to hacks like these, government agencies, like the Federal Trade Commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ihealthbeat.org/articles/2015/3/19/ftc-draft-data-protection-bill-should-cover-health-information\">have expressed fears\u003c/a> that companies are failing to adequately protect health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Would it concern the average John Hancock customer that unauthorized people, like hackers, knew they were at the gym everyday at 5 a.m.,” said Sublett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incentives to Stay Healthy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone agrees that John Hancock’s program is a bad thing for consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a great idea, as long as the program isn’t mandatory,” said Anica John, a San Francisco-based new mother-to-be who is currently researching life insurance policies. John, a consultant for Silicon Valley-based startups, said she is impressed by John Hancock’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a great incentive for me to go to the gym.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some behavioral economists believe that programs like these will do consumers a great service in the long-term, by keeping them healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its new program, John Hancock is teaming up with Vitality, a global wellness firm. Vitality works with employers, who have long-been tracking workers’ fitness habits and rewarding those who stay healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Ariely, a behavioral economist at Duke University, \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/releases/laying-money-on-the-line-leads-to-healthier-food-choices-over-time.html\">recently completed a study \u003c/a>exploring the factors that are most effective for increasing healthy behaviors, using a sample of more than 6,000 South African families from Vitality’s network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ariely, programs like John Hancock’s are a promising trend from a public health perspective, as long as the data doesn’t fall into the wrong hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This concept is called immediate gratification,” said Ariely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In principle, we know we should do things for our long-term health, but it’s very hard to do. Sometimes we need a little extra pressure to stay healthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ariely said many companies should do a better job of including low-income employees in their programs. Many people who work several jobs may not have much time to exercise, or have limited resources to buy and prepare healthy foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who have studied the John Hancock program fear that the plan in its current state would raise rates for low-income people and new mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bobbi Thomason, who researches such topics at Stanford University’s School of Management Science & Engineering, said some groups may not exercise regularly, as they juggle multiple jobs or have limited child care options. And some women may not be able to exercise for medical reasons before or after giving birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will It Work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say it’s impossible to predict whether John Hancock’s program will prove successful in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar programs introduced by auto insurers to reward safe driving, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2326909,00.asp\">high-tech “Black Box”\u003c/a> that Progressive car insurance uses to monitor how people drive, have only gained limited acceptance, according to Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some plans have been met with outright resistance. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323455104579014653816536802\">The “wellness” program at Penn State University prompted backlash\u003c/a>, after the news spread that workers were being forced to share detailed health information or risk paying penalties of up to $1,200 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, however, programs that leverage the latest wearable-tech to track people’s habits are fast-gaining acceptance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In our experience, some 60 to 85 percent of employees are willing to give up their health information to their employers, in exchange for discounts on their premiums,” said Derek Newell, chief executive of Jiff, a company that works with employers to design corporate wellness programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates are worried about this trend, given that regulation hasn’t kept up with the digital age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy laws haven’t evolved quickly enough to protect health information that is generated from a growing number of wearable devices, said Lee Tien at the \u003ca href=\"%5CUsers%5Cakissack%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CMicrosoft%5CWindows%5CTemporary%20Internet%20Files%5CContent.Outlook%5C7BEVRU6U%5Ceff.org\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a>, a non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, employers are forging ahead with corporate wellness programs. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.cio.com/article/2871753/wearable-technology/workers-want-employers-to-hand-out-wearables.html\">workers are increasingly demanding access to these devices\u003c/a>, without fully grasping the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These programs are creating norms of socially acceptable monitoring. This is a less obvious, but very real concern of ours,” said Tien.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A major life insurer is offering lower premiums in exchange for policyholders sharing activity data. But privacy advocates worry such programs eventually will be used to deny coverage.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Activity trackers have become increasingly popular over the past few years, monitoring everything from how many steps you walk, to the quality of your sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003ca href=\"http://www.johnhancock.com/\">John Hancock\u003c/a>, a U.S.-based insurer, hopes that health conscious people will exchange activity data for lower life insurance premiums and other perks. Those who sign up for this program, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/your-money/giving-out-private-data-for-discount-in-insurance.html?_r=1\">the first of its kind in the United States\u003c/a>, will receive a free Fitbit to track their activity levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This program may seem like a win-win: Insurers can sell their product to a new market of digitally savvy gadget lovers and in return, healthy consumers can access steep discounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But privacy advocates fear that programs like these will result in auto, health and life insurers hedging their risks by monitoring your every move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is essentially a medical surveillance system,” said Jamie Court from Consumer Watchdog, a nonprofit that advocates for taxpayer and consumer interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This may look like a carrot to lure new customers, but it’s ultimately a stick,” he said. Court fears that John Hancock’s program will slowly gain acceptance among young and affluent people, who frequently go to the gym. But over time, insurers will build tools that will be used to deny people coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re hit by a car or something happens, insurance companies would go ahead and raise your rates. The more data they get, the more they can use it against us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, privacy experts fear that there’s very little to stop a life insurance company from putting those who fail to stay active on a blacklist of sorts, which is akin to the experience of having a low credit score.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“No data is immune from a breach.”\u003ccite> Christine Sublett, health-technology consultant\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In response to privacy concerns, J\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/08/398306430/john-hancock-hopes-youll-trade-activity-data-for-insurance-discounts\">ohn Hancock told the\u003cem> New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that its policyholders’ sensitive health data would not be sold to third parties. The firm stressed that the data will only be shared with Vitality, the corporate wellness company that it is partnering with for the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t buy it,” said Court, when informed about the company’s efforts to safeguard people’s health data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“John Hancock works with financial affiliates. Would these organizations gain access to your health information?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, Court said, there’s nothing stopping John Hancock from following in the footsteps of companies like Facebook and Google by regularly tweaking the fine print of its privacy policy, which few people notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security experts also harbor concerns that insurers will not do enough to protect people’s valuable health and location data from hackers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No data is immune from a breach,” said Christine Sublett, a security expert who consults with health-technology companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1476\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1476 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"(Arwen Curry/KQED)\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Devices-at-Best-Buy-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hancock hopes gadget-loving consumers will flock to its new program. (Arwen Curry/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Health insurance giant Anthem \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/05/383961185/hackers-strike-health-insurer-anthem-inc\">recently experienced a security breach\u003c/a> that left vulnerable more than 80 million people. In response to hacks like these, government agencies, like the Federal Trade Commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ihealthbeat.org/articles/2015/3/19/ftc-draft-data-protection-bill-should-cover-health-information\">have expressed fears\u003c/a> that companies are failing to adequately protect health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Would it concern the average John Hancock customer that unauthorized people, like hackers, knew they were at the gym everyday at 5 a.m.,” said Sublett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incentives to Stay Healthy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone agrees that John Hancock’s program is a bad thing for consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a great idea, as long as the program isn’t mandatory,” said Anica John, a San Francisco-based new mother-to-be who is currently researching life insurance policies. John, a consultant for Silicon Valley-based startups, said she is impressed by John Hancock’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a great incentive for me to go to the gym.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some behavioral economists believe that programs like these will do consumers a great service in the long-term, by keeping them healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its new program, John Hancock is teaming up with Vitality, a global wellness firm. Vitality works with employers, who have long-been tracking workers’ fitness habits and rewarding those who stay healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Ariely, a behavioral economist at Duke University, \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/releases/laying-money-on-the-line-leads-to-healthier-food-choices-over-time.html\">recently completed a study \u003c/a>exploring the factors that are most effective for increasing healthy behaviors, using a sample of more than 6,000 South African families from Vitality’s network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ariely, programs like John Hancock’s are a promising trend from a public health perspective, as long as the data doesn’t fall into the wrong hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This concept is called immediate gratification,” said Ariely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In principle, we know we should do things for our long-term health, but it’s very hard to do. Sometimes we need a little extra pressure to stay healthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ariely said many companies should do a better job of including low-income employees in their programs. Many people who work several jobs may not have much time to exercise, or have limited resources to buy and prepare healthy foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who have studied the John Hancock program fear that the plan in its current state would raise rates for low-income people and new mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bobbi Thomason, who researches such topics at Stanford University’s School of Management Science & Engineering, said some groups may not exercise regularly, as they juggle multiple jobs or have limited child care options. And some women may not be able to exercise for medical reasons before or after giving birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will It Work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say it’s impossible to predict whether John Hancock’s program will prove successful in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar programs introduced by auto insurers to reward safe driving, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2326909,00.asp\">high-tech “Black Box”\u003c/a> that Progressive car insurance uses to monitor how people drive, have only gained limited acceptance, according to Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some plans have been met with outright resistance. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323455104579014653816536802\">The “wellness” program at Penn State University prompted backlash\u003c/a>, after the news spread that workers were being forced to share detailed health information or risk paying penalties of up to $1,200 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, however, programs that leverage the latest wearable-tech to track people’s habits are fast-gaining acceptance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In our experience, some 60 to 85 percent of employees are willing to give up their health information to their employers, in exchange for discounts on their premiums,” said Derek Newell, chief executive of Jiff, a company that works with employers to design corporate wellness programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates are worried about this trend, given that regulation hasn’t kept up with the digital age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy laws haven’t evolved quickly enough to protect health information that is generated from a growing number of wearable devices, said Lee Tien at the \u003ca href=\"%5CUsers%5Cakissack%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CMicrosoft%5CWindows%5CTemporary%20Internet%20Files%5CContent.Outlook%5C7BEVRU6U%5Ceff.org\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a>, a non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, employers are forging ahead with corporate wellness programs. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.cio.com/article/2871753/wearable-technology/workers-want-employers-to-hand-out-wearables.html\">workers are increasingly demanding access to these devices\u003c/a>, without fully grasping the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These programs are creating norms of socially acceptable monitoring. This is a less obvious, but very real concern of ours,” said Tien.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "We Must Be Very Careful With Human Genetic Engineering",
"title": "We Must Be Very Careful With Human Genetic Engineering",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Our geneticist, Dr. Barry Starr, weighs in on the current debate surrounding the latest gene-editing technique.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since we've been able to alter DNA, there have been discussions about what this means for the human race. In some far off future, when we can make wholesale changes to human DNA, what will these changes do to each of us? And to society at large?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the far off future isn’t so far off any more. With a new tool called \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/03/16/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\">CRISPR\u003c/a>, we are on the cusp of being able to easily change the DNA of a human embryo so the changes can be passed on to the next generation. We are so close in fact, that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/science/biologists-call-for-halt-to-gene-editing-technique-in-humans.html?_r=1\">a group of scientists has advocated\u003c/a> that we stop and take a deep breath before we add any altered DNA to our gene pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fDeS00Xmf7YhCIeT7x2jMeDL6uMua8Gz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for this pause is because the technique has not been widely tested yet. It has only been around for a few years and so we definitely need to spend some time studying it. For example, what other changes happen elsewhere in the DNA when we make the selected change? How can we make sure any changes we make are in all of the cells not just some of them? These are just two of the potential questions for which we don’t yet have good answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite issues like these, there is a real temptation to just barrel ahead and start using CRISPR to cure genetic diseases because it is such a powerful and easy technique. We need to resist that temptation until these technical issues have been resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with a resolution, other problems will arise. Like the ethical concern over whether we should be tampering with human DNA at all. I leave the bioethicists to debate that one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EugenicsPlaque.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1238\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EugenicsPlaque.jpg\" alt=\"Some genetic engineering decisions are obviously bad ones. (Wikimedia Commons) \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EugenicsPlaque.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EugenicsPlaque-320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some genetic engineering decisions are obviously bad ones. (\u003ca href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/EugenicsMarker.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Assuming the safety problem has been resolved and we decide, as a society, that changing human DNA is sometimes acceptable, the next issue will be what DNA to change. This is a more difficult discussion than you may think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, a few changes are pretty obvious. If we can safely do it, we should change the DNA of an embryo that would die a terrible death after birth. For example, fixing a DNA difference in the HEXA gene that leads to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024672/\">Tay Sachs\u003c/a>--a genetic disorder that is fatal--seems like an obvious choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course at the other end of the spectrum there are changes that make most people squeamish. Examples of these might be changing an embryo’s DNA so he grows up to have blue eyes or red hair or some other physical trait. This smacks of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics\">eugenics\u003c/a> and rightly makes people uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are a whole lot of DNA edits in between these that are much less obvious. And some, like \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/huntington-disease\">Huntington’s disease\u003c/a>, seem like Tay Sachs but if done incorrectly could have unexpected consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beware of Unknown Unknowns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huntington’s disease (HD) is a really awful genetic disease (click \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/JzAPh2v-SCQ\">here\u003c/a> to see what it looks like in the later stages). It initially causes subtle personality changes, usually when a person is in his or her 30’s or 40’s. After that there is an inevitable decline in muscle control and a descent into various psychiatric disorders and dementia. Usually someone with HD is dead within 20 years of their first symptoms although it can happen much more rapidly in some cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a very good understanding of how HD works genetically. Certain changes in the HTT gene lead to the disease. But these changes are different than you might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is an image of the three categories of HTT genes you can have:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene.jpg\" alt=\"HTTgene\" width=\"500\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene-400x130.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene-320x104.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this image, the blue rectangle is the HTT gene. The green, yellow and red boxes represent something in the gene called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinucleotide_repeat_expansion\">CAG repeats\u003c/a>. Basically, the DNA letters CAG are repeated the number of times listed in the box. So the green box has 10-35 repeats, the yellow has 36-39 and the red has 40 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you can see, only people with more than 35 of these repeats are at risk for HD. People with 36-39 repeats may or may not get the disease and most everyone with 40 or more ends up with HD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So an obvious use of CRISPR would be to edit the HTT gene of embryos like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/httCRISPR.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1231\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/httCRISPR.jpg\" alt=\"httCRISPR\" width=\"300\" height=\"133\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this embryo won't develop HD. And because we reduced the number down to 10, his kids and grandkids probably won't be at risk for HD either because they are safe from something called anticipation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In anticipation, the number of repeats can increase from one generation to the next. So someone with 34 repeats might have a child with 40 or more which means that child will probably develop the disease. Lowering the repeats to 10 makes it much less likely any future kids will get HD. But it might also decrease the chances of the child being a genius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research reviewed \u003ca href=\"http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21645713-could-key-evolution-human-brain-be-found-dreadful\">here \u003c/a>suggests that the more repeats you have, the more likely you are to do well on tests that are supposed to gauge intelligence. In protecting future generations from the risk of HD, we may be toying with their intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reverse of this situation is even worse. Imagine we first discovered that extra repeats make it more likely someone will be clever. Now parents are adding repeats to their kids’ HTT genes with the end result that most of that generation comes down with HD!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the only case like this either. As discussed \u003ca href=\"http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/GeneWatch/GeneWatchPage.aspx?pageId=226\">here\u003c/a>, studies showed that a certain version of the SERT gene leads to an increased risk of depression. With CRISPR you might be tempted to correct this gene. Which may be a mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later studies showed that this version of SERT is only an issue if the child is raised in poor conditions. Under the right conditions, this gene version actually increases the chances a person will be creative. Editing this gene might have consequences no one expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the second set of studies had never been done, we wouldn’t know about the positive effects of this DNA difference. We would simply have fewer creative people in humanity’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just a couple of the genes we know about. There are many others where we may not yet know the effects of genetic engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To Edit or Not to Edit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1249\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/SCAfoy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1249\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/SCAfoy.jpg\" alt=\"If we decide that changing human DNA is acceptable, then sickle cell anemia is an obvious candidate. (NHGRI)\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If we decide that changing human DNA is acceptable, then sickle cell anemia is an obvious candidate. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/dmd/img.cfm?node=Photos/Graphics&id=85241\">NHGRI\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>None of this necessarily means we should never change human DNA. Some genetic diseases like sickle cell anemia or cystic fibrosis \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/heterozygote-advantage\">served a useful role in the past\u003c/a> but are now just terrible, terrible diseases. It is hard to think of the downside of eliminating these DNA differences from the gene pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line is that if we decide it is OK to repair genetic problems in a way that can be passed down to the next generation, we need to be very careful and selective about which problems we fix. And in how many people we fix them in.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Just because scientists now have the ability to cure genetic diseases, with a new gene-editing technique, doesn't mean we always should, writes our geneticist, Dr. Barry Starr. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Our geneticist, Dr. Barry Starr, weighs in on the current debate surrounding the latest gene-editing technique.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since we've been able to alter DNA, there have been discussions about what this means for the human race. In some far off future, when we can make wholesale changes to human DNA, what will these changes do to each of us? And to society at large?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the far off future isn’t so far off any more. With a new tool called \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/03/16/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\">CRISPR\u003c/a>, we are on the cusp of being able to easily change the DNA of a human embryo so the changes can be passed on to the next generation. We are so close in fact, that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/science/biologists-call-for-halt-to-gene-editing-technique-in-humans.html?_r=1\">a group of scientists has advocated\u003c/a> that we stop and take a deep breath before we add any altered DNA to our gene pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for this pause is because the technique has not been widely tested yet. It has only been around for a few years and so we definitely need to spend some time studying it. For example, what other changes happen elsewhere in the DNA when we make the selected change? How can we make sure any changes we make are in all of the cells not just some of them? These are just two of the potential questions for which we don’t yet have good answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite issues like these, there is a real temptation to just barrel ahead and start using CRISPR to cure genetic diseases because it is such a powerful and easy technique. We need to resist that temptation until these technical issues have been resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with a resolution, other problems will arise. Like the ethical concern over whether we should be tampering with human DNA at all. I leave the bioethicists to debate that one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EugenicsPlaque.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1238\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EugenicsPlaque.jpg\" alt=\"Some genetic engineering decisions are obviously bad ones. (Wikimedia Commons) \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EugenicsPlaque.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EugenicsPlaque-320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some genetic engineering decisions are obviously bad ones. (\u003ca href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/EugenicsMarker.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Assuming the safety problem has been resolved and we decide, as a society, that changing human DNA is sometimes acceptable, the next issue will be what DNA to change. This is a more difficult discussion than you may think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, a few changes are pretty obvious. If we can safely do it, we should change the DNA of an embryo that would die a terrible death after birth. For example, fixing a DNA difference in the HEXA gene that leads to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024672/\">Tay Sachs\u003c/a>--a genetic disorder that is fatal--seems like an obvious choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course at the other end of the spectrum there are changes that make most people squeamish. Examples of these might be changing an embryo’s DNA so he grows up to have blue eyes or red hair or some other physical trait. This smacks of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics\">eugenics\u003c/a> and rightly makes people uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are a whole lot of DNA edits in between these that are much less obvious. And some, like \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/huntington-disease\">Huntington’s disease\u003c/a>, seem like Tay Sachs but if done incorrectly could have unexpected consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beware of Unknown Unknowns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huntington’s disease (HD) is a really awful genetic disease (click \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/JzAPh2v-SCQ\">here\u003c/a> to see what it looks like in the later stages). It initially causes subtle personality changes, usually when a person is in his or her 30’s or 40’s. After that there is an inevitable decline in muscle control and a descent into various psychiatric disorders and dementia. Usually someone with HD is dead within 20 years of their first symptoms although it can happen much more rapidly in some cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a very good understanding of how HD works genetically. Certain changes in the HTT gene lead to the disease. But these changes are different than you might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is an image of the three categories of HTT genes you can have:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene.jpg\" alt=\"HTTgene\" width=\"500\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene-400x130.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/HTTgene-320x104.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this image, the blue rectangle is the HTT gene. The green, yellow and red boxes represent something in the gene called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinucleotide_repeat_expansion\">CAG repeats\u003c/a>. Basically, the DNA letters CAG are repeated the number of times listed in the box. So the green box has 10-35 repeats, the yellow has 36-39 and the red has 40 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you can see, only people with more than 35 of these repeats are at risk for HD. People with 36-39 repeats may or may not get the disease and most everyone with 40 or more ends up with HD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So an obvious use of CRISPR would be to edit the HTT gene of embryos like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/httCRISPR.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1231\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/httCRISPR.jpg\" alt=\"httCRISPR\" width=\"300\" height=\"133\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this embryo won't develop HD. And because we reduced the number down to 10, his kids and grandkids probably won't be at risk for HD either because they are safe from something called anticipation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In anticipation, the number of repeats can increase from one generation to the next. So someone with 34 repeats might have a child with 40 or more which means that child will probably develop the disease. Lowering the repeats to 10 makes it much less likely any future kids will get HD. But it might also decrease the chances of the child being a genius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research reviewed \u003ca href=\"http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21645713-could-key-evolution-human-brain-be-found-dreadful\">here \u003c/a>suggests that the more repeats you have, the more likely you are to do well on tests that are supposed to gauge intelligence. In protecting future generations from the risk of HD, we may be toying with their intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reverse of this situation is even worse. Imagine we first discovered that extra repeats make it more likely someone will be clever. Now parents are adding repeats to their kids’ HTT genes with the end result that most of that generation comes down with HD!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the only case like this either. As discussed \u003ca href=\"http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/GeneWatch/GeneWatchPage.aspx?pageId=226\">here\u003c/a>, studies showed that a certain version of the SERT gene leads to an increased risk of depression. With CRISPR you might be tempted to correct this gene. Which may be a mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later studies showed that this version of SERT is only an issue if the child is raised in poor conditions. Under the right conditions, this gene version actually increases the chances a person will be creative. Editing this gene might have consequences no one expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the second set of studies had never been done, we wouldn’t know about the positive effects of this DNA difference. We would simply have fewer creative people in humanity’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just a couple of the genes we know about. There are many others where we may not yet know the effects of genetic engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To Edit or Not to Edit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1249\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/SCAfoy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1249\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/SCAfoy.jpg\" alt=\"If we decide that changing human DNA is acceptable, then sickle cell anemia is an obvious candidate. (NHGRI)\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If we decide that changing human DNA is acceptable, then sickle cell anemia is an obvious candidate. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/dmd/img.cfm?node=Photos/Graphics&id=85241\">NHGRI\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>None of this necessarily means we should never change human DNA. Some genetic diseases like sickle cell anemia or cystic fibrosis \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/heterozygote-advantage\">served a useful role in the past\u003c/a> but are now just terrible, terrible diseases. It is hard to think of the downside of eliminating these DNA differences from the gene pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line is that if we decide it is OK to repair genetic problems in a way that can be passed down to the next generation, we need to be very careful and selective about which problems we fix. And in how many people we fix them in.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning",
"title": "Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150406science.mp3\u003cbr>\nI’m driving through a frozen world, where the roads are paved in ice. As I swerve left to avoid a mini iceberg, a red fish flashes at the top of my screen. I’m supposed to tap all the red fish that pop up, but not the green fish or the blue birds. And I have to do this without crashing the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doing one thing at a time is easy, but doing them both at the same time is where the magic happens!” says the omnipresent gamemeister– an unidentifiable animal with an unidentifiable accent wearing a white doctor’s coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The better I do at tagging the red fish and ignoring the green ones, the more excited the doctor on screen gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A-mazing!” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I get better at the game, my brain is being trained to ignore distractions and stay focused in real life. Or at least that’s the hypothesis of the neuroscientists who designed the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain network that controls multitasking connects with networks that control memory and attention span. So by playing the game, some \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/03/06/new-ucsf-lab-studies-how-video-games-affect-our-brains/\">scientists believe\u003c/a> you can improve cognitive skills, and by extension, relieve a range of symptoms associated with attention deficit disorder, and other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” \u003ccite>Willis Gee, Cigna \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been through eight or nine completed clinical trials, in all cognitive disorders: ADHD, autism, depression,” says Matt Omernick, the executive creative director at Akili, the start-up in Larkspur that is developing the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As consumers download \u003ca href=\"http://gamesforhealth.org/\">mobile health games\u003c/a> at booming rates, Omernick and his team are taking a very different approach to their Silicon Valley counterparts in bringing their game to market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most start-ups have opted to market and sell their mobile weight loss games and diabetes trackers directly to consumers, Akili has decided to pursue the long, expensive, risky path of clinical trials through the Food and Drug Administration. If successful, their game would be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time those three letters were uttered in a group setting everyone’s like, ‘Oooh, that’s scary, do we want to do that?’” recalls Omernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If start-ups sidestep the FDA and sell directly to consumers, they can bring a game to market in six months. For Akili, it will take four years to get their game, Project Evo, through the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the start-up believes that will pay off. If the FDA gives its stamp of approval, doctors could prescribe the game. And that opens the door for insurance companies to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1263 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png\" alt=\"Screen shot from the frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili)\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-768x576.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-320x240.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png 1003w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili) \u003ccite>(Akili )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” says Willis Gee, Director of IT Strategy and Innovation at Cigna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health reform and the technology revolution have changed the competitive landscape for health insurance companies. Gee says they have to be more responsive to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell us what they want,” he says, “and if we can’t satisfy that, they’ll go somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what consumers want are games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee says Cigna believes the explosive popularity in games could be harnessed to educate patients about medical issues and motive them to be more proactive about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of an individual’s willingness to play Candy Crush or Angry Birds, they’re willing to do that,” he says. “It’s a very different approach, but it’s one that integrates into the lifestyle of individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine?”\u003ccite> Matt Omernick, Akili \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Omernick and his team believe the clinical results of Project Evo could have a profound effect on the health care system. They’re hoping the trials show that the game is so effective at improving attention span and other cognitive skills, that it may reduce, or even replace, the pills that kids need to take for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine, yes or no. And the answer was yes,” Omernick says. “And so you have to be as serious as you can about FDA approval and regulation across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical companies are also keeping a close eye on the process. Pfizer is partnering with Akili on one of its clinical trials looking at Alzheimers diagnosis. Though the FDA approval process is grueling by gaming industry standards, it's a cakewalk compared to the time biotech companies invest in drug development. It takes most drugs ten years to get through the FDA process and could cost half a billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it could fail at the last step,” says Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California-San Francisco and the creator of the prototype that became Project Evo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says he is cautiously optimistic about how Project Evo will fare in FDA clinical trials. \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/02/video-game.aspx\">Research on other video games\u003c/a> for health has yielded mixed results – and inspired much internal debate among scientists. Some say the only thing these games make you better at is the game itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley’s research is seen as an exception in scientific communities. He tested his prototype of Project Evo on older adults and found that they showed measurable improvement on standard cognitive tests for working memory and focus – and the effects lasted six months after they stopped playing the game. That research was published in \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Anguera_Nature_2013-Video-game-training-enhances-cognitive-control-in-older-adults.pdf\">Nature in 2013\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinical trials that Project Evo has undertaken to support its FDA application will determine if those results can be replicated for different age groups and to treat specific cognitive conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trials will also investigate if there are negative side effects of the game. It’s another concern raised by critics, that people sometimes get so hooked on games, they can’t stop playing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s true,” Gazzaley says. “We built these games to be highly engaging and immersive and some people respond to that type of interactivity with an addictive response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says the scientists working on Project Evo are looking at ways to manage such negative side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game locks out after a certain period of time. You play it for 20 minutes, and you can’t play it for another 24 hours,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley is watching closely to see what happens with the clinical trials for Project Evo. If it is approved by the FDA, he has another four games in development that he hopes will be next.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150406science.mp3\u003cbr>\nI’m driving through a frozen world, where the roads are paved in ice. As I swerve left to avoid a mini iceberg, a red fish flashes at the top of my screen. I’m supposed to tap all the red fish that pop up, but not the green fish or the blue birds. And I have to do this without crashing the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doing one thing at a time is easy, but doing them both at the same time is where the magic happens!” says the omnipresent gamemeister– an unidentifiable animal with an unidentifiable accent wearing a white doctor’s coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The better I do at tagging the red fish and ignoring the green ones, the more excited the doctor on screen gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A-mazing!” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I get better at the game, my brain is being trained to ignore distractions and stay focused in real life. Or at least that’s the hypothesis of the neuroscientists who designed the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain network that controls multitasking connects with networks that control memory and attention span. So by playing the game, some \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/03/06/new-ucsf-lab-studies-how-video-games-affect-our-brains/\">scientists believe\u003c/a> you can improve cognitive skills, and by extension, relieve a range of symptoms associated with attention deficit disorder, and other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” \u003ccite>Willis Gee, Cigna \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been through eight or nine completed clinical trials, in all cognitive disorders: ADHD, autism, depression,” says Matt Omernick, the executive creative director at Akili, the start-up in Larkspur that is developing the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As consumers download \u003ca href=\"http://gamesforhealth.org/\">mobile health games\u003c/a> at booming rates, Omernick and his team are taking a very different approach to their Silicon Valley counterparts in bringing their game to market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most start-ups have opted to market and sell their mobile weight loss games and diabetes trackers directly to consumers, Akili has decided to pursue the long, expensive, risky path of clinical trials through the Food and Drug Administration. If successful, their game would be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time those three letters were uttered in a group setting everyone’s like, ‘Oooh, that’s scary, do we want to do that?’” recalls Omernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If start-ups sidestep the FDA and sell directly to consumers, they can bring a game to market in six months. For Akili, it will take four years to get their game, Project Evo, through the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the start-up believes that will pay off. If the FDA gives its stamp of approval, doctors could prescribe the game. And that opens the door for insurance companies to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1263 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png\" alt=\"Screen shot from the frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili)\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-768x576.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-320x240.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png 1003w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili) \u003ccite>(Akili )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” says Willis Gee, Director of IT Strategy and Innovation at Cigna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health reform and the technology revolution have changed the competitive landscape for health insurance companies. Gee says they have to be more responsive to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell us what they want,” he says, “and if we can’t satisfy that, they’ll go somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what consumers want are games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee says Cigna believes the explosive popularity in games could be harnessed to educate patients about medical issues and motive them to be more proactive about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of an individual’s willingness to play Candy Crush or Angry Birds, they’re willing to do that,” he says. “It’s a very different approach, but it’s one that integrates into the lifestyle of individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine?”\u003ccite> Matt Omernick, Akili \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Omernick and his team believe the clinical results of Project Evo could have a profound effect on the health care system. They’re hoping the trials show that the game is so effective at improving attention span and other cognitive skills, that it may reduce, or even replace, the pills that kids need to take for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine, yes or no. And the answer was yes,” Omernick says. “And so you have to be as serious as you can about FDA approval and regulation across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical companies are also keeping a close eye on the process. Pfizer is partnering with Akili on one of its clinical trials looking at Alzheimers diagnosis. Though the FDA approval process is grueling by gaming industry standards, it's a cakewalk compared to the time biotech companies invest in drug development. It takes most drugs ten years to get through the FDA process and could cost half a billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it could fail at the last step,” says Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California-San Francisco and the creator of the prototype that became Project Evo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says he is cautiously optimistic about how Project Evo will fare in FDA clinical trials. \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/02/video-game.aspx\">Research on other video games\u003c/a> for health has yielded mixed results – and inspired much internal debate among scientists. Some say the only thing these games make you better at is the game itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley’s research is seen as an exception in scientific communities. He tested his prototype of Project Evo on older adults and found that they showed measurable improvement on standard cognitive tests for working memory and focus – and the effects lasted six months after they stopped playing the game. That research was published in \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Anguera_Nature_2013-Video-game-training-enhances-cognitive-control-in-older-adults.pdf\">Nature in 2013\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinical trials that Project Evo has undertaken to support its FDA application will determine if those results can be replicated for different age groups and to treat specific cognitive conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trials will also investigate if there are negative side effects of the game. It’s another concern raised by critics, that people sometimes get so hooked on games, they can’t stop playing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s true,” Gazzaley says. “We built these games to be highly engaging and immersive and some people respond to that type of interactivity with an addictive response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says the scientists working on Project Evo are looking at ways to manage such negative side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game locks out after a certain period of time. You play it for 20 minutes, and you can’t play it for another 24 hours,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley is watching closely to see what happens with the clinical trials for Project Evo. If it is approved by the FDA, he has another four games in development that he hopes will be next.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Ancestry Uses a Drop of Saliva to Find Your Relatives From Centuries Ago",
"title": "Ancestry Uses a Drop of Saliva to Find Your Relatives From Centuries Ago",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>By submitting a sample of your DNA, you can now learn about your ancestors from generations ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://ancestry.com\">Ancestry.com\u003c/a>-owned company called \u003ca href=\"http://dna.ancestry.com/\">AncestryDNA\u003c/a> released a product this week that it claims can provide glimpses into the lives of your distant descendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange for a drop of spit, about 30 percent of Ancestry's customers can access details about their probable long-lost relatives, including their hometown, their criminal record and potentially even their cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Previously, the company has been offering a $99 DNA kit, which breaks down consumer's ethnicity and provides links to living relatives. But now the company is trying to go back several generations into the past. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the millions of people who are addicted to genealogical research, unlocking clues about family history is worthwhile in its own right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But AncestryDNA says its new product could prove to be useful for those who want to learn more about their own health. If the data is accurate, it might indicate a family history of a disease like breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take the DNA test, there’s a decent chance you’ll learn something about your ancestors as far back as the eighteenth-century,” said Ancestry.com CEO Tim Sullivan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1196\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1196 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/sullivan-lg.jpg\" alt=\"Ancestry CEO Tim Sullivan \" width=\"600\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/sullivan-lg.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/sullivan-lg-400x285.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/sullivan-lg-320x228.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ancestry CEO Tim Sullivan is one of millions of people fascinated by genealogical research \u003ccite>(Ancestry)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Family health histories are a natural extension of this product,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AncestryDNA is already testing a web service that lets people aggregate their family medical histories online, Sullivan said. But it’s not available to everyone just yet, as the company is slowly rolling out this tool to a small group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is watching closely as DNA testing company \u003ca href=\"http://23andme.com\">23andMe\u003c/a>, based in Mountain View, pushes for regulatory approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for its home DNA tests. AncestryDNA may release a similar service that determines people’s propensity for a whole battery of diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Your Roots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How is AncestryDNA tracing people’s family histories – no genealogical research required?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its geneticists are making connections between living people, like second or third cousins, who have submitted their DNA samples. Once that happens, a new customer who hasn’t submitted any genealogical information can learn more about their \"new\" relative's family tree, and glean information pulled from death records and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ancestry’s geneticists say this technique is effective enough to \"retroactively\" link people back to descendants who lived hundreds of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 455px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1193\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone.jpg\" alt=\"AncestryDNA's product manager Kenny Freestone finds a link to a long-lost relative\" width=\"455\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone.jpg 2724w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-400x354.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-678x600.jpg 678w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-1180x1045.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-768x680.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-320x283.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AncestryDNA's product manager Kenny Freestone finds a link to a long-lost relative \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company’s product manager, Kenny Freestone, demonstrated this week how it’s done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freestone's DNA sample connected him to a distant ancestor, a bearded fellow named Ebenezer Hunter, who was born in Scotland in 1831. Ancestry.com gathered information about Hunter from over 140 people’s family trees, as well as census records and other publicly available information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freestone discovered that his ancestor was a polygamist who sired 25 children; he also learned some basic facts about how he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some genetics experts say products like these have enormous potential for health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A couple of other labs have already tried to make these huge family trees using big databases,” said Alexandre Bolze, a geneticist and postdoctoral researcher at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is useful to understanding how genetics influenced certain traits, like height. Not everything is caused by genetics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others caution that it’s a challenge to determine if historical information is accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going back three or four generations, it’s going to be hard for a researcher to know whether you are descended from George Smith, the oldest of the family, or any of the other sons,” said Hank Greely, a director at the Center for Law and Biosciences at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The company is going to need an awful lot of family members' DNA to determine with a high degree of probability how closely you're related to a distant ancestor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greeley points out that it’s difficult for researchers to ascertain how long-lost relatives died, as reports are often inconclusive. Even 50 years ago, medical reports tended to be far more vague, citing things like “fever” or “cancer” as the cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is worth informing your doctor if you learn that you have a family history of disease going back three or four generations, Greeley said, but it’s not cause for panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s difficult to imagine that this information would be powerful enough to raise any immediate personal health concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This week Ancestry.com released a product that it claims can provide glimpses into the lives of your distant descendants.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By submitting a sample of your DNA, you can now learn about your ancestors from generations ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://ancestry.com\">Ancestry.com\u003c/a>-owned company called \u003ca href=\"http://dna.ancestry.com/\">AncestryDNA\u003c/a> released a product this week that it claims can provide glimpses into the lives of your distant descendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange for a drop of spit, about 30 percent of Ancestry's customers can access details about their probable long-lost relatives, including their hometown, their criminal record and potentially even their cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Previously, the company has been offering a $99 DNA kit, which breaks down consumer's ethnicity and provides links to living relatives. But now the company is trying to go back several generations into the past. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the millions of people who are addicted to genealogical research, unlocking clues about family history is worthwhile in its own right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But AncestryDNA says its new product could prove to be useful for those who want to learn more about their own health. If the data is accurate, it might indicate a family history of a disease like breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take the DNA test, there’s a decent chance you’ll learn something about your ancestors as far back as the eighteenth-century,” said Ancestry.com CEO Tim Sullivan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1196\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1196 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/sullivan-lg.jpg\" alt=\"Ancestry CEO Tim Sullivan \" width=\"600\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/sullivan-lg.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/sullivan-lg-400x285.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/sullivan-lg-320x228.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ancestry CEO Tim Sullivan is one of millions of people fascinated by genealogical research \u003ccite>(Ancestry)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Family health histories are a natural extension of this product,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AncestryDNA is already testing a web service that lets people aggregate their family medical histories online, Sullivan said. But it’s not available to everyone just yet, as the company is slowly rolling out this tool to a small group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is watching closely as DNA testing company \u003ca href=\"http://23andme.com\">23andMe\u003c/a>, based in Mountain View, pushes for regulatory approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for its home DNA tests. AncestryDNA may release a similar service that determines people’s propensity for a whole battery of diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Your Roots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How is AncestryDNA tracing people’s family histories – no genealogical research required?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its geneticists are making connections between living people, like second or third cousins, who have submitted their DNA samples. Once that happens, a new customer who hasn’t submitted any genealogical information can learn more about their \"new\" relative's family tree, and glean information pulled from death records and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ancestry’s geneticists say this technique is effective enough to \"retroactively\" link people back to descendants who lived hundreds of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 455px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1193\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone.jpg\" alt=\"AncestryDNA's product manager Kenny Freestone finds a link to a long-lost relative\" width=\"455\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone.jpg 2724w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-400x354.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-678x600.jpg 678w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-1180x1045.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-768x680.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/kenny-freestone-320x283.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AncestryDNA's product manager Kenny Freestone finds a link to a long-lost relative \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company’s product manager, Kenny Freestone, demonstrated this week how it’s done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freestone's DNA sample connected him to a distant ancestor, a bearded fellow named Ebenezer Hunter, who was born in Scotland in 1831. Ancestry.com gathered information about Hunter from over 140 people’s family trees, as well as census records and other publicly available information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freestone discovered that his ancestor was a polygamist who sired 25 children; he also learned some basic facts about how he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some genetics experts say products like these have enormous potential for health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A couple of other labs have already tried to make these huge family trees using big databases,” said Alexandre Bolze, a geneticist and postdoctoral researcher at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is useful to understanding how genetics influenced certain traits, like height. Not everything is caused by genetics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others caution that it’s a challenge to determine if historical information is accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going back three or four generations, it’s going to be hard for a researcher to know whether you are descended from George Smith, the oldest of the family, or any of the other sons,” said Hank Greely, a director at the Center for Law and Biosciences at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The company is going to need an awful lot of family members' DNA to determine with a high degree of probability how closely you're related to a distant ancestor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greeley points out that it’s difficult for researchers to ascertain how long-lost relatives died, as reports are often inconclusive. Even 50 years ago, medical reports tended to be far more vague, citing things like “fever” or “cancer” as the cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is worth informing your doctor if you learn that you have a family history of disease going back three or four generations, Greeley said, but it’s not cause for panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s difficult to imagine that this information would be powerful enough to raise any immediate personal health concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Steven VanRoekel has dedicated his career to developing and communicating complex technologies, whether at Microsoft or the federal government. But this past Fall, he faced his biggest challenge yet: To use the simplest technology available to help combat the Ebola epidemic in West Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September of 2014, VanRoekel left his post as Chief Information Officer (CIO) at the White House to join USAID, the government agency responsible for administering aid to civilians overseas. VanRoekel was charged with coordinating the U.S. government's response to the Ebola outbreak. He worked at USAID until mid-March, when he \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/steven-vanroekel-steps-down-from-usaid/2015/03/19/69c3e666-ce5d-11e4-a2a7-9517a3a70506_story.html\">announced that he would be leaving \u003c/a>to spend more time with family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he first took on the job, the Ebola crisis seemed to have no end in sight. Today, rates of new infections are starting to wind down. New Ebola cases continue to be reported in Guinea and Sierra Leone, but the situation has vastly improved in Liberia, where no confirmed cases have been reported in over a month. In about a year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/\">the disease has claimed over 10,000 lives in West Africa\u003c/a>, making it the largest Ebola epidemic in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I sat down with VanRoekel at the tech conference SXSW in Austin, Texas earlier this month and asked him about his experience using simple technologies to fight Ebola in West Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Can you recall what it was like to fly into the midst of an Ebola outbreak when you first visited West Africa?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1012\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1012\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ.jpg\" alt=\"Steven VanRoekel speaking at SXSW in Austin, Tx. \" width=\"337\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-320x320.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steven VanRoekel speaking at SXSW in Austin, Tx. \u003ccite>(Jessica Bolaños Vanegas / Goodspero)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My first visit to West Africa during the midst of the crisis was a trip to neighboring Ghana to attend a two-day planning session with the United Nations. Ghana had not seen a case of Ebola at that time, but you could feel the fear in the air. My next trip, a few weeks later, was to Monrovia, Liberia. There were active cases in the city, Ebola Treatment Units on the way to the city from the airport, and the precautions were even more intense. You had to wash your hands in bleach water before entering any establishment, including restaurants, hotels and meeting places, have your temperature taken, and there was no physical contact of any kind. It is pretty weird when you meet someone to not shake their hand, but that was the norm in Liberia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Liberia we were all in it together, so there was really no stigma to this behavior. The stigma really came flying back to the States. The airline employees all wore rubber gloves and you could tell they were afraid to be working around you. The customs people in the United States were terrific, as were the public health officials, but you had this real fear for three weeks that you may have somehow contracted Ebola. We now know that it is much harder to transmit than we all thought in the early Fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Were new consumer technologies, like virtual conferencing services for doctors or health tracking wearables, relevant in this crisis?\u003c/h2>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“You had to wash your hands in bleach water before entering any establishment\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steven VanRoekel, former White House and USAID executive\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>You're lucky if you get a 2G connection in some parts of West Africa. We did set up call centers, so we could provide communication tools at scale. We also did work with communication technology providers in the region, like Facebook's nonprofit Internet.org and [Microsoft cofounder] Paul Allen. We also talked to Google, which is doing work around '\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/loon/\">launchable' communications services like Project Loon. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for wearables, they can also be very applicable, but more so in the care setting -- both for monitoring patients as well as monitoring health workers. This did not play a big role in the epidemic, but we made advances in this space, \u003ca href=\"http://mashable.com/2015/03/14/smart-band-aid-ebola/\">like this smart band\u003c/a>, that will be applicable to future crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In Africa, mobile phone usage has been exploding. How did your team take advantage of the new opportunities for SMS communications?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The growth of mobile in remote parts of the world, including West Africa, has been profound in the last decade. You can certainly find at least a few people who have a phone in very remote areas. These phones are typically simple voice and text phones, not smart devices, and there is a booming business model around pay-as-you-go services. People visit these little wooden kiosks in their village and buy a “scratch card” that gives them a code for minutes on their phones. Where mobile comes into play in this environment is the use of minimally-viable solutions, namely using voice and SMS to both communicate out, like messaging to people what symptoms to look for or how to get help, as well as to provide services where people can report cases. There is a wonderful emerging suite of tools that exist to do this data collection. One of the coolest is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mhero.org/mHero\">MHERO\u003c/a> suite created by UNICEF.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Speaking of communications challenges, how were you able to pull together patient records and track the spread of the disease?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That's what a big part of our work was about. When I started, we had a lot of confusion in the field because case loads were going up so rapidly. What we did -- and by 'we', I mean the global response teams -- was to kick off an effort to get data harmonized and make it operational. During my first trip to Liberia, we worked with the health ministry to create a structure where people in the field could manually collect data.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How would that work in practice?\u003c/h2>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"In Liberia we were all in it together. The stigma really came flying back to the States.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steven VanRoekel, former White House, USAID executive\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>We trained 10,000 people to collect data in paper formats, until it got to the \u003ca href=\"http://liberiamohsw.org/\">Ministry of Health in Liberia\u003c/a>. Our health workers would answer questions like, 'Are they probable or confirmed?' What are the symptoms?' Who have they been in contact with?' We then looked at the trends to find correlations like whether more men were getting it than women, or whether there was any correlation with the sex trade. Every day at around 4.30pm, we held a situation meeting where this data would be presented and argued about. We asked, 'What was the story behind the numbers?' We learned that about 70 percent of those who got infected were touching dead bodies. You're most infectious when you die. But there are cultural practices about hugging a loved one after they had passed. We had to get the word out.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where does this effort go from here?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We need this data to continue to flow. We hope this is a model for the U.S. and other countries where some health data is trapped. Our vision is that by having open medical data systems that work across the vast variability of the operating environment, including a low- or no-connectivity dirt floor clinic with illiterate staff. You could create a world where you would not only have early warnings of issues arising in remote areas, but you could address those quickly and stop disease before it becomes a crisis. USAID is working on convening the community to make this a reality in West Africa and hopefully a platform for bio-surveillance around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been condensed and edited for brevity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It is the first in an occasional Q&A series for KQED's Future of You, where we interview influential people working at the intersection of healthcare and technology.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Steven VanRoekel has dedicated his career to developing and communicating complex technologies, whether at Microsoft or the federal government. But this past Fall, he faced his biggest challenge yet: To use the simplest technology available to help combat the Ebola epidemic in West Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September of 2014, VanRoekel left his post as Chief Information Officer (CIO) at the White House to join USAID, the government agency responsible for administering aid to civilians overseas. VanRoekel was charged with coordinating the U.S. government's response to the Ebola outbreak. He worked at USAID until mid-March, when he \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/steven-vanroekel-steps-down-from-usaid/2015/03/19/69c3e666-ce5d-11e4-a2a7-9517a3a70506_story.html\">announced that he would be leaving \u003c/a>to spend more time with family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he first took on the job, the Ebola crisis seemed to have no end in sight. Today, rates of new infections are starting to wind down. New Ebola cases continue to be reported in Guinea and Sierra Leone, but the situation has vastly improved in Liberia, where no confirmed cases have been reported in over a month. In about a year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/\">the disease has claimed over 10,000 lives in West Africa\u003c/a>, making it the largest Ebola epidemic in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I sat down with VanRoekel at the tech conference SXSW in Austin, Texas earlier this month and asked him about his experience using simple technologies to fight Ebola in West Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Can you recall what it was like to fly into the midst of an Ebola outbreak when you first visited West Africa?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1012\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1012\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ.jpg\" alt=\"Steven VanRoekel speaking at SXSW in Austin, Tx. \" width=\"337\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-320x320.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/CAAcusnVEAA_6jQ-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steven VanRoekel speaking at SXSW in Austin, Tx. \u003ccite>(Jessica Bolaños Vanegas / Goodspero)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My first visit to West Africa during the midst of the crisis was a trip to neighboring Ghana to attend a two-day planning session with the United Nations. Ghana had not seen a case of Ebola at that time, but you could feel the fear in the air. My next trip, a few weeks later, was to Monrovia, Liberia. There were active cases in the city, Ebola Treatment Units on the way to the city from the airport, and the precautions were even more intense. You had to wash your hands in bleach water before entering any establishment, including restaurants, hotels and meeting places, have your temperature taken, and there was no physical contact of any kind. It is pretty weird when you meet someone to not shake their hand, but that was the norm in Liberia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Liberia we were all in it together, so there was really no stigma to this behavior. The stigma really came flying back to the States. The airline employees all wore rubber gloves and you could tell they were afraid to be working around you. The customs people in the United States were terrific, as were the public health officials, but you had this real fear for three weeks that you may have somehow contracted Ebola. We now know that it is much harder to transmit than we all thought in the early Fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Were new consumer technologies, like virtual conferencing services for doctors or health tracking wearables, relevant in this crisis?\u003c/h2>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“You had to wash your hands in bleach water before entering any establishment\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steven VanRoekel, former White House and USAID executive\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>You're lucky if you get a 2G connection in some parts of West Africa. We did set up call centers, so we could provide communication tools at scale. We also did work with communication technology providers in the region, like Facebook's nonprofit Internet.org and [Microsoft cofounder] Paul Allen. We also talked to Google, which is doing work around '\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/loon/\">launchable' communications services like Project Loon. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for wearables, they can also be very applicable, but more so in the care setting -- both for monitoring patients as well as monitoring health workers. This did not play a big role in the epidemic, but we made advances in this space, \u003ca href=\"http://mashable.com/2015/03/14/smart-band-aid-ebola/\">like this smart band\u003c/a>, that will be applicable to future crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In Africa, mobile phone usage has been exploding. How did your team take advantage of the new opportunities for SMS communications?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The growth of mobile in remote parts of the world, including West Africa, has been profound in the last decade. You can certainly find at least a few people who have a phone in very remote areas. These phones are typically simple voice and text phones, not smart devices, and there is a booming business model around pay-as-you-go services. People visit these little wooden kiosks in their village and buy a “scratch card” that gives them a code for minutes on their phones. Where mobile comes into play in this environment is the use of minimally-viable solutions, namely using voice and SMS to both communicate out, like messaging to people what symptoms to look for or how to get help, as well as to provide services where people can report cases. There is a wonderful emerging suite of tools that exist to do this data collection. One of the coolest is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mhero.org/mHero\">MHERO\u003c/a> suite created by UNICEF.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Speaking of communications challenges, how were you able to pull together patient records and track the spread of the disease?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That's what a big part of our work was about. When I started, we had a lot of confusion in the field because case loads were going up so rapidly. What we did -- and by 'we', I mean the global response teams -- was to kick off an effort to get data harmonized and make it operational. During my first trip to Liberia, we worked with the health ministry to create a structure where people in the field could manually collect data.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How would that work in practice?\u003c/h2>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"In Liberia we were all in it together. The stigma really came flying back to the States.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steven VanRoekel, former White House, USAID executive\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>We trained 10,000 people to collect data in paper formats, until it got to the \u003ca href=\"http://liberiamohsw.org/\">Ministry of Health in Liberia\u003c/a>. Our health workers would answer questions like, 'Are they probable or confirmed?' What are the symptoms?' Who have they been in contact with?' We then looked at the trends to find correlations like whether more men were getting it than women, or whether there was any correlation with the sex trade. Every day at around 4.30pm, we held a situation meeting where this data would be presented and argued about. We asked, 'What was the story behind the numbers?' We learned that about 70 percent of those who got infected were touching dead bodies. You're most infectious when you die. But there are cultural practices about hugging a loved one after they had passed. We had to get the word out.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where does this effort go from here?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We need this data to continue to flow. We hope this is a model for the U.S. and other countries where some health data is trapped. Our vision is that by having open medical data systems that work across the vast variability of the operating environment, including a low- or no-connectivity dirt floor clinic with illiterate staff. You could create a world where you would not only have early warnings of issues arising in remote areas, but you could address those quickly and stop disease before it becomes a crisis. USAID is working on convening the community to make this a reality in West Africa and hopefully a platform for bio-surveillance around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been condensed and edited for brevity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Health care is undergoing major technological changes, from an explosion of consumer tools used to access medical information to advancements in genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the booming health-tech economy, just like in the health care industry at large, this transformation is primarily being led by men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 6 percent of digital health startups that have raised at least $2 million in capital in the past four years are led by women. That's according to data compiled by early-stage venture fund \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com/\">Rock Health\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/RockHealth/the-state-of-women-in-healthcare-2015/1\">a report released on Monday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital health sits at the intersection between new technologies, health care and medicine. In Silicon Valley, investors are increasingly opening their checkbooks to startups that are attempting to disrupt the health care system, not unlike how the Internet changed banking and commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“The problem here is clearly not expertise or interest from female CEOs.”\u003ccite> Kyra Davis,UCSF Entrepreneurship Center program manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But relatively few women are gaining funding for their startup ideas. And the percentage hasn't improved much in recent years, despite the swell of media attention on the topic and the explosion of women-in-tech networking groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some investors say it's simply more difficult to fund women in health-technology, as the pool is still so small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are too few female founders who are taking the risk in starting a company, especially for moms that need to support a family,\" said Missy Krasner, a former digital health investor at \u003ca href=\"http://www.canvas.vc/\">Canvas Venture Fund\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kranser said she actively sought out female founders to meet and potentially fund but \"there were just not a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do take the plunge, female mentors and role models in health care are hard to come by, said Rock Health's Teresa Wang, author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making matters worse, some female entrepreneurs in Rock Health's network have experienced a gender-based bias when pitching venture capitalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of venture firms in Silicon Valley do not have a single female partner in their ranks (a few notable exceptions who invest in digital health: Rebecca Lynn at Canvas Venture Fund and Beth Seidenberg at Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others say this lack of investment in female founders is the key problem -- and not the lack of desire among women to start companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_689\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-689\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-398x600.jpg\" alt=\"6 female-led digital health startups to watch\" width=\"398\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-398x600.jpg 398w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-400x603.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-783x1180.jpg 783w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-1180x1778.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-768x1157.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-320x482.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups.jpg 1807w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">6 female-led digital health startups to watch\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The problem here is clearly not expertise or interest from female CEOs,\" said Kyra Davis, a program manager for the \u003ca href=\"https://ita.ucsf.edu/entrepreneurship-center\">Entrepreneurship Center at UCSF\u003c/a>. Davis said many of the female founders she knows have faced challenges raising money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In one case, I've seen a female entrepreneur bring on a male mentor to act as a chairman and lead the early fundraising efforts entirely. The strategy was effective, but obviously does not address the larger problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Big Picture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the board in health care, women represent only 21 percent of executives and 21 percent of board members at Fortune 500 companies, according to information compiled by Rock Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mylan.com/company/leadership\">There's only one female CEO at a Fortune 500 health care company\u003c/a>, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, hospitals lack diversity in their senior management. Women make up 27 percent of hospital boards, and 34 percent of leadership teams, according to data from Thomson Reuters Top 100 Hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, women are the target demographic for a growing number of health care companies. Women are the health care decision makers for their families about 80 percent of the time, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why haven't women shot through the ranks? The problems are systemic and often cultural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 400 women surveyed for the report, 96 percent said that gender discrimination still exists, and almost 50 percent described their gender as a professional hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the report concluded its findings by providing some recommendations for both men and women, who want to change the ratio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key solution involves rethinking the hiring process to include more female leaders, Wang said. Gender balance is fair, but is also good for business, numerous recent studies have found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rock Health and other organizations are also working to improve access to female mentorship. Wang suggests that experienced women in health and technology should try to take 15 or 20 minutes of their time, occasionally, to advise a more junior female entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mentorship and support would go a long way,\" said Wang.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Only six percent of digital health startups are led by women, according to a new report, and women continue to make up a small percentage of executives across the wider health care industry. To change the ratio, the report calls for more mentorship for would-be female entrepreneurs, and some dramatic changes to health care hiring processes. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Health care is undergoing major technological changes, from an explosion of consumer tools used to access medical information to advancements in genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the booming health-tech economy, just like in the health care industry at large, this transformation is primarily being led by men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 6 percent of digital health startups that have raised at least $2 million in capital in the past four years are led by women. That's according to data compiled by early-stage venture fund \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com/\">Rock Health\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/RockHealth/the-state-of-women-in-healthcare-2015/1\">a report released on Monday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital health sits at the intersection between new technologies, health care and medicine. In Silicon Valley, investors are increasingly opening their checkbooks to startups that are attempting to disrupt the health care system, not unlike how the Internet changed banking and commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“The problem here is clearly not expertise or interest from female CEOs.”\u003ccite> Kyra Davis,UCSF Entrepreneurship Center program manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But relatively few women are gaining funding for their startup ideas. And the percentage hasn't improved much in recent years, despite the swell of media attention on the topic and the explosion of women-in-tech networking groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some investors say it's simply more difficult to fund women in health-technology, as the pool is still so small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are too few female founders who are taking the risk in starting a company, especially for moms that need to support a family,\" said Missy Krasner, a former digital health investor at \u003ca href=\"http://www.canvas.vc/\">Canvas Venture Fund\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kranser said she actively sought out female founders to meet and potentially fund but \"there were just not a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do take the plunge, female mentors and role models in health care are hard to come by, said Rock Health's Teresa Wang, author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making matters worse, some female entrepreneurs in Rock Health's network have experienced a gender-based bias when pitching venture capitalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of venture firms in Silicon Valley do not have a single female partner in their ranks (a few notable exceptions who invest in digital health: Rebecca Lynn at Canvas Venture Fund and Beth Seidenberg at Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others say this lack of investment in female founders is the key problem -- and not the lack of desire among women to start companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_689\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-689\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-398x600.jpg\" alt=\"6 female-led digital health startups to watch\" width=\"398\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-398x600.jpg 398w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-400x603.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-783x1180.jpg 783w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-1180x1778.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-768x1157.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups-320x482.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/Female-led-Digital-Health-Startups.jpg 1807w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">6 female-led digital health startups to watch\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The problem here is clearly not expertise or interest from female CEOs,\" said Kyra Davis, a program manager for the \u003ca href=\"https://ita.ucsf.edu/entrepreneurship-center\">Entrepreneurship Center at UCSF\u003c/a>. Davis said many of the female founders she knows have faced challenges raising money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In one case, I've seen a female entrepreneur bring on a male mentor to act as a chairman and lead the early fundraising efforts entirely. The strategy was effective, but obviously does not address the larger problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Big Picture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the board in health care, women represent only 21 percent of executives and 21 percent of board members at Fortune 500 companies, according to information compiled by Rock Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mylan.com/company/leadership\">There's only one female CEO at a Fortune 500 health care company\u003c/a>, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, hospitals lack diversity in their senior management. Women make up 27 percent of hospital boards, and 34 percent of leadership teams, according to data from Thomson Reuters Top 100 Hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, women are the target demographic for a growing number of health care companies. Women are the health care decision makers for their families about 80 percent of the time, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why haven't women shot through the ranks? The problems are systemic and often cultural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 400 women surveyed for the report, 96 percent said that gender discrimination still exists, and almost 50 percent described their gender as a professional hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the report concluded its findings by providing some recommendations for both men and women, who want to change the ratio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key solution involves rethinking the hiring process to include more female leaders, Wang said. Gender balance is fair, but is also good for business, numerous recent studies have found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rock Health and other organizations are also working to improve access to female mentorship. Wang suggests that experienced women in health and technology should try to take 15 or 20 minutes of their time, occasionally, to advise a more junior female entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mentorship and support would go a long way,\" said Wang.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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