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"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Trump-cabinet-lesson-plan-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: The President's Cabinet (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With all the drama surrounding the White House right now, it's easy to lose track of what's going in the rest of the vast executive branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cabinet secretaries head up their own executive departments and serve as the president’s advisers on major policy issues. There are 16 official Cabinet positions (including vice president) and eight Cabinet-level positions, all of which require Senate confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New presidents must also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/?tid=graphics-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nominate about 1,200\u003c/a> other lower-level executive branch positions, including deputy and assistant secretaries, heads of agencies and ambassadors. All of them require Senate confirmation as well. As of mid-May, the Trump administration had still not even chosen nominees for a strikingly large number of these still-vacant positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president also appoints key advisers to the White House staff who don’t require Senate confirmation, including chief of staff, press secretary and major strategists (like Steve Bannon and Jared Kushner).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the executive branch, members of the president’s Cabinet don't make any laws. They do, however, oversee massive government departments with thousands of employees and multi-billion dollar budgets, thereby shaping how laws and regulations are implemented and enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a third of those serving in President Trump’s Cabinet do not have any government experience. And several of those who do -- including Energy Department nominee Rick Perry and Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt -- have openly expressed disdain for the departments they’re now preparing to lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's Cabinet is the whitest, most male-dominated group in decades. It's also the wealthiest Cabinet in history, with close ties to Wall Street and corporate America, including two billionaires and at least a dozen millionaires, with a \u003ca href=\"http://st%20a%20dozen%20millionaires,%20with%20a%20combined%20net%20worth%20of%20about%20%246.1%20billion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">combined net worth\u003c/a> of about $6.1 billion. Many faced tough questioning from Democrats about their complex financial and political connections. It wasn't until late April, more than three months after Trump's inauguration, that the Senate confirmed the last of nominees was confirmed, rounding out the Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Cabinet and Cabinet-Level Positions\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">(Note: this is the original list of confirmed appointees; recent changes are mentioned below)\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#Tillerson\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26006 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-160x223.png\" alt=\"Tillerson\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Zinke\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26095 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Zinke\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Shulkin\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26004 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-160x223.png\" alt=\"Shulkin\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Sessions\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26003 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-160x223.png\" alt=\"Sessions\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Ross\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26014 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-160x223.png\" alt=\"Ross_Updated\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Price\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25999 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-160x223.png\" alt=\"Price\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Chao\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25986 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-160x223.png\" alt=\"Chao\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Acosta\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26963\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-160x223.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"158\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-160x223.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-240x334.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3.jpg 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 158px) 100vw, 158px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Perry\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-26105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Perry\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Perdue\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26956 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#DeVos\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25988 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-160x223.png\" alt=\"DeVos\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Carson\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-26092\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Carson\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Mattis\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25992 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-160x223.png\" alt=\"Mattis\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Kelly\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25990 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-160x223.png\" alt=\"Kelly\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Pruitt\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26001 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#McMahon\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25993 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Pompeo\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25998 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Haley\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25989 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Lighthizer\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-27007\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-160x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-160x222.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-240x333.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Coats\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-27009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-160x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-160x222.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-240x333.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Tillerson\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png\" alt=\"Tillerson_Profile1\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary of state is the highest-ranking member in the Cabinet, and as the nation's top diplomat, is responsible for advising the president on foreign matters, and carrying out the administration’s foreign policy through the U.S. Department of State and the Foreign Service. This position oversees 30,000 employees in almost every country in the world, with a budget of roughly $35 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the face of U.S. foreign policy, the secretary of state often plays a key role negotiating international agreements on a wide range of issues, including the environment, security and nuclear weapons. As secretary of state under President Obama, John Kerry played a large role advancing international climate change policies -- including the 2015 Paris climate agreement -- as well as negotiating a major nuclear deal with Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate confirmation hearing, Tillerson was questioned about his ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin, and potential conflicts of interest he could face as the former CEO of the world’s largest oil and gas company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the first Cabinet members to be confirmed, Tillerson must now perform a tricky balancing act in maintaining strong relations among America’s allies while also representing a president whose support of isolationist policies has ruffled feathers around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Tillerson does side with Trump on many issues, he did express divergent views from his boss during his confirmation hearing, voicing support for NATO, action on climate change and continued economic sanctions against Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Mnuchin\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26030\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png\" alt=\"Mnuchin_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the principal economic adviser to the president, the Treasury secretary tracks money and financial matters of national interest. Among other duties, the secretary is a key adviser and spokesman on trade deals, the public debt and tax reform. He manages 10 special bureaus, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the U.S. Mint (the secretary’s signature is on all new printed money), and oversees more than 100,000 employees and a budget of roughly $13 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This position is often in the spotlight in times of financial crisis, as was the case during the economic recession in 2008-2009 and the decision to bail out the banks. Alexander Hamilton served as America’s first (and arguably most famous) Treasury secretary, responsible for consolidating the debt of the 13 colonies after the Revolutionary War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Tillerson, Mnuchin was also probed by the Senate on his business dealings and personal finances. Among other things, he was strongly criticized by Democrats for his failure to disclose nearly $100 million in assets, as well as profits he made on foreclosures during the 2008-2009 economic collapse. Democrats on the Senate Finance Committee twice boycotted a vote on his confirmation – but in a rare move, Republicans sent his nomination to the full Senate without their approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Mnuchin doesn’t have any prior experience in government, he will likely have a strong hand in the president’s plans to rewrite the tax code, roll back financial regulations and renegotiate international trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26028\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png\" alt=\"Mattis_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSecond only to the president in military authority, the Defense secretary exercises “command and control” over the U.S. Armed forces (Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force). The position oversees the Department of Defense, the largest U.S. government agency, with more than two million soldiers and civilians around the world and a budget of roughly $600 billion per year (the largest of any military force in the world) -- which Trump wants to increase by $54 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top adviser on decisions regarding U.S. military strategy and actions, this position is particularly important during times of war. Under President George W. Bush, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld led the planning and execution of the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan (immediately following the Sept.11 terror attacks) and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattis, a retired 4-star general, is one of only a small handful of Trump’s Cabinet nominees to receive broad bipartisan support. During his confirmation hearing in the Senate Armed Forces Committee, he advocated stepping up military attacks on ISIS in the Middle East, in line with Trump’s proposed policies. However, he broke with the president in declaring Russia a major threat to U.S. security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattis recently traveled to Brussels to advance Trump’s plan to reform NATO, an international military alliance. The administration is threatening to alter the U.S. relationship with the organization if other countries do not increase their spending budgets to 2 percent of total GDP, as promised. The U.S. currently spends more than twice as much as all other NATO countries combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Sessions\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png\" alt=\"Sessions_Profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s chief law enforcement officer and lawyer, the attorney general oversees the U.S. Department of Justice, which is comprised of 40 agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigations, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the Drug Enforcement Agency and immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general has oversight on a wide range of federal crimes, and as such can play a broad role in shaping national policy. During the Obama administration, the attorney general’s office (led by Eric Holder and Loretta Lynch) prioritized its focus on criminal justice reform by investigating multiple police departments, reducing the enforcement of certain drug laws and phasing out the federal use of private prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate hearing, Sessions faced intense opposition from Democrats, mostly because of his staunch conservatism and mixed record on civil rights. Most notably, as a U.S. attorney in Alabama in 1985, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/09/magazine/the-voter-fraud-case-jeff-sessions-lost-and-cant-escape.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he prosecuted\u003c/a> three African-American civil rights activists, accusing them of voter fraud. The following year he was nominated to be a federal district judge, but rejected by the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As attorney general, Sessions will be in charge of advancing and defending key aspects of Trump’s “law and order” criminal justice platform and enforcing his tough immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Sessions’ first actions was to reverse the Obama administration’s plan to end private prisons. He has also hinted at more support for law enforcement officials and tougher enforcement of drug laws, including heightened enforcement of marijuana (which is legal, to varying degrees, in 28 states), though no official plans have been released to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a month into the job, though, Sessions found himself under fire following a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-spoke-twice-with-russian-ambassador-during-trumps-presidential-campaign-justice-officials-say/2017/03/01/77205eda-feac-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_no-name%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&tid=a_inl&utm_term=.56eae0665fc0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post report\u003c/a> that he met twice last year with Russia's ambassador to the United States, a nugget he failed to disclose during his confirmation hearing. Amid mounting pressure, Sessions on March 2 announced that he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/02/us/politics/jeff-sessions-russia-trump-investigation-democrats.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recusing himself\u003c/a> from any current or future investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Meanwhile, top Democratic leaders, including Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer -- the House and Senate minority leaders -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/01/politics/jeff-sessions-russian-ambassador-meetings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called \u003c/a>for Sessions to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Zinke\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png\" alt=\"Zinke_Profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Department of Interior is the principal conservation agency of the United States. The secretary oversees management and conservation of millions of acres of federal land and natural resources (about 20 percent of all U.S. land) through agencies including the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service. The department has a budget of roughly $16 billion, although it also raises billions from activities such as “energy, mineral, grazing and timber leases as well as recreational permits and land sales.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary plays a key role in controlling development of the county’s natural resources - over 20 percent of natural gas and oil and 40 percent of the nation’s coal is mined from federal lands. The secretary is also a key communicator with the public in regard to the administration’s official policy positions on issues like climate change and natural resource management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke was confirmed by the Senate on March 1 with less rancor than some of Trump's other nominees. At his \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/1/nomination-hearing-of-the-honorable-ryan-zinke-to-be-the-secretary-of-the-interior\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">confirmation hearing\u003c/a>, the former Montana congressman, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/17/ryan-zinke-says-humans-influence-climate-change-scientists-say-were-the-dominant-cause/?utm_term=.41e691cda8ce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously questioned\u003c/a> climate science, said he now believes that humans do have an \"influence\" on climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said he opposes selling federal land to states or private owners, even though he voted in Congress to ease those same rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zinke also made his support quite clear for expanding leases to oil and gas development on public land as a way of boosting domestic energy production, a clear departure from the Obama administration's efforts to scale back drilling on federal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Ross\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png\" alt=\"Ross_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commerce secretary is in charge of promoting U.S. business interests domestically and abroad and “promoting economic development and technological innovation.” With 38,000 employees and a budget of roughly $6.5 billion, the department includes 12 special bureaus with wide-ranging duties, from economic and demographic data collection (U.S. Census Bureau) to weather monitoring (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penny Pritzker, former Commerce secretary under Obama, advanced a number of public-private partnerships in an effort to boost U.S. manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his Senate subcommittee hearing, Ross largely backed President Trump’s stance on trade, despite having made much of his fortune by opening factories overseas. He says that as Commerce secretary, he’ll support Trump’s agenda to toughen international trade policies and craft agreements that protect and create more jobs for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross also wants to crack down on what he calls China’s unfair trade practices and, like the president, pledges to make bold changes to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). At his confirmation hearing, Ross said: “We cannot afford trade that is inherently bad for American workers and for American businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, the Commerce secretary has less influence on economic policy than the Treasury secretary and other White House economic staff. Many political observers, though, predict that Ross will take on an expanded role in the Trump administration, given the president’s focus on redrawing trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Acosta\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26973 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Labor secretary heads a department that oversees workplace standards, worker protections, job training programs and employment statistics (Bureau of Labor Statistics).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary can be involved in mediation between large employers and their employees - for example, Labor Secretary Tom Perez (under Obama) settled a dispute between workers, unions and management at \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/opa/opa20160527\">Verizon\u003c/a> during his tenure. Perez also proposed \u003ca href=\"https://mic.com/articles/159787/what-does-the-secretary-of-labor-do-5-things-you-should-know#.5kOvwRgEr\">changes\u003c/a> to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which establishes minimum wage, overtime pay and other important employment standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta is Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/16/us/politics/alexander-acosta-labor-secretary-trump.html\">second pick\u003c/a> for the post - Andrew Pudzer, the first, withdrew his nomination amid controversy. Considered a more moderate candidate with broader bipartisan support, Acosta is in charge of advancing \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-unions-war-232382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trump’s agenda\u003c/a> to boost job development and reduce workplace regulations and union influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formerly the dean of Florida International University’s law school, Acosta was also briefly a member of the National Labor Relations Board under President George W. Bush and then went on to serve as U.S. attorney in the Bush's Justice Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta is the only Latino member of Trump's Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Price\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26035\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png\" alt=\"Price_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE (Sept. 29)\u003c/strong>: \u003cem>Tom Price \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/09/29/trump-to-decide-friday-night-whether-to-fire-hhs-secretary-price/?utm_term=.b249ec1e7281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resigned on Sept. 29\u003c/a>, amid sharp criticism over spending hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars on private charter flights. In January 2018, the Senate confirmed Alex Azar, the former president of the U.S. arm of pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly & Co. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/01/24/580381981/former-drug-industry-executive-will-lead-dept-of-health-and-human-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to NPR\u003c/a>: \"Azar will oversee the Food and Drug Administration, which regulates prescription drugs including those produced by his former employer. He'll also oversee Medicare and Medicaid, which together spend hundreds of billions of dollars each year on prescription medications.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Health and Human Services secretary is responsible for carrying out the administration’s plans on health, welfare and other income security programs. The post oversees a huge budget of over $1 trillion and 11 operating divisions including the Food & Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (which administers health care for over 130 million Americans).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Affordable Care Act, or \"Obamacare,\" greatly \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/hhs-secretary-tom-price-significant-powers-change-health-care/\">expanded the powers\u003c/a> of this position, allowing the secretary to influence the implementation of important details of the law, including how Medicaid funds are distributed to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other duties, Price will be tasked with implementing Trump’s plan to “repeal and replace” Obamacare. Although he has been a strong critic of the law in the past, and advocates for “free-market” solutions, he has not revealed a comprehensive plan for reform to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Carson\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26093 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1.png\" alt=\"Carson_Profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary leads the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which oversees public housing, fair-housing laws, home loan programs for lower- and middle-income families, and administers community development grants. The department operates on an annual budget of nearly $50 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the department’s \u003ca href=\"https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=ProposedFY17FactSheet.pdf\">budget\u003c/a> goes toward providing housing assistance, including public housing, to over 4.5 million low-income families across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, who made his own bid for president last year, grew up in a low-income neighborhood in Detroit (though, not public housing) and is Trump’s only African-American Cabinet pick. He was confirmed by the Senate on March 2, despite being criticized by Democrats for having no prior experience in government or housing policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although known for his comments urging an end to reliance on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/us/politics/ben-carsons-hud-housing-nominee-hearing.html\">public assistance\u003c/a>, Carson acknowledged the importance of “safety net” programs during his Senate hearing. His vision for the agency includes expanding private sector involvement in public housing and community development programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Chao\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26022\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png\" alt=\"Chao_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Transportation secretary heads -- you guessed it -- the Department of Transportation. With a budget of nearly $100 billion, the department includes the Federal Aviation Agency, Federal Highway Association, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and eight other transportation agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/fastlane/recovery-act-still-paying-dividends\">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act\u003c/a>, which Obama signed into law in 2009 to help jump-start the free-falling economy, the department received a major boost for road and bridge repair projects, transit expansion and new transportation facilities. A major aspect of the secretary’s job involves \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/us/politics/elaine-chao-transportation-trump.html\">allocating funds\u003c/a>, setting timelines and proposing financing options for transportation projects across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wife of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY), Chao is one of the few Cabinet members who received \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/trumps-transportation-secretary-pick-elaine-chao-confirmed-in-senate-with-some-top-democrats-balking/2017/01/31/a15c7604-df42-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?utm_term=.0f2aaf62afc8\">broad support\u003c/a> in the Senate, largely due to her experience as Labor secretary under President George W. Bush. As Transportation secretary, Chao will be one of the key members of Trump’s cabinet tasked with advancing his campaign pledge to invest $1 trillion into roads, bridges and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"DeVos\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26024\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png\" alt=\"Devos_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the head of the Department of Education (the smallest cabinet-level department), the Education secretary advises the president on federal education policies and administers federal aid to local schools. The DOE also administers Pell Grants, which account for the largest share of the department’s budget, a nearly $23 billion program that provides financial aids to lower-income college students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most public and charter k-12 schools receive the brunt of their funding from local and state taxes, a small but notable amount comes from the federal government (and is largely directed at low-income families). The DOE is also tasked with handling \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/what-does-secretary-of-education-do-betsy-devos-2017-2\">discrimination cases\u003c/a> though its Office of Civil Rights. Notably, the ACLU sued the department in 2014 on behalf of a transgender student who was blocked by his school from using the bathroom that corresponded with his gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos, a billionaire philanthropist, was sharply criticized during her Senate hearing for her lack of experience and knowledge of public education standards. Her confirmation has been regarded as the most controversial of Trump’s picks to date, with Vice President Mike Pence breaking a Senate tie to cast the deciding vote in her favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly suggested reducing or \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/what-the-department-of-education-does-2016-11\">eliminating\u003c/a> the Department of Education, favoring state and local administration of schools (rather than federal). While it appears the department will remain for now, DeVos is not supportive of traditional public education; she strongly advocates for school voucher programs, which would expand alternatives to public education (like charter schools), and allow K-12 students to attend private and religious schools funded with public dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Perry\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26104\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1.png\" alt=\"Perry_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">The secretary leads the Department of Energy, with a focus on promoting new technologies, providing related education and overseeing nuclear energy programs. The secretary also works with heads of federal intelligence agencies to closely monitor compliance with domestic and international nuclear agreements. The majority of the department's budget is allocated to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-does-energy-department-do/\">national security\u003c/a> (i.e. nuclear weapon programs).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created in the early 1970s (under President Jimmy Carter) in response to an oil embargo that nearly quadrupled the price of oil, sending the global and national energy sectors into shock. President’s generally set the agenda for Energy secretaries - under Obama, the department focused on \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/271364-obamas-energy-efficiency-rules-will-last-secretary-says\">clean energy\u003c/a> research and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his 2012 presidential run, Perry actually vowed to eliminate the Energy Department (and notoriously forgot the name of it during a primary debate). More recently, he's demonstrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/us/politics/rick-perry-energy-secretary-donald-trump.html\">apparent confusion\u003c/a> about the responsibilities he would have as secretary. Nevertheless, Perry \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-perry-confirmation-vote-former-texas-governor-heads-to-full-senate/\">cleared\u003c/a> the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and was confirmed by the full Senate on March 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Governor of Texas, Perry was an advocate for the fossil fuel industry and maintains strong personal and business ties to major Texas \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/perry-oil-industry-energy-department/\">oil companies\u003c/a>. He was, however, also supportive of some renewable energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with Trump's priorities to expand domestic energy production by increasing fossil fuel production, Perry will likely steer the department away from the larger Obama-era focus on renewable energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Shulkin\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png\" alt=\"Shulkin_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the head of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the secretary oversees health care and other benefits for people who have served in the military. The VA employs roughly 300,000 employees and controls a budget of about $150 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created in 1930 (12 years after World War I) and grew exponentially following a sharp rise in the number of U.S. veterans after World War II. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/health/findcare.asp\">VA health care system\u003c/a> (one of three subdivisions of the department) is the largest integrated health care system in the U.S., providing care for roughly 9 million veterans each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A holdover from the Obama administration, Shulkin is Trump’s only nominee to date approved unanimously by the Senate. As secretary, he will be tasked with improving care for veterans, which Trump says was sorely neglected under the Obama administration. Shulkin has promised “major reform and transformation of the VA” including increased options for veterans to receive \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/01/david-shulkin-veterans-affairs-nominee-faster-change-more-choice-veterans/97348212/\">private sector\u003c/a> medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Kelly\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png\" alt=\"Kelly_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>UPDATE (July 28)\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: After a short stint leading the Department of Homeland Security, Kelly was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/07/28/trump-names-homeland-security-secretary-john-kelly-as-white-house-chief-of-staff-ousting-reince-priebus/?utm_term=.ebdaff753dc2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appointed by Trump\u003c/a> to be White House chief of staff, replacing Reince Priebus. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/person/elaine-c-duke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elaine Duke\u003c/a> initially served as acting secretary of the department. On Dec. 5, the Senate confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/363399-senate-confirms-trumps-homeland-security-secretary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kirstjen Nielsen\u003c/a> by a vote of 62-37. Nielsen previously served on George W. Bush’s homeland security council, worked under Kelly at the DHS earlier this year, and most recently was his chief of staff at the White House.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As head of the Department of Homeland Security, the secretary is responsible for protecting domestic safety. The department’s broad responsibilities include fighting terrorism, securing the border, immigration and customs enforcement, cybersecurity, and disaster prevention and management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created under President George W. Bush to consolidate homeland security efforts after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It’s comprised of seven agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Transportation Security Administration (airport security).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly will oversee the third largest federal department, and be responsible for advancing some of Trump’s controversial actions on immigration and border security. During his confirmation \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/10/509128004/trumps-homeland-security-pick-faces-confirmation-hearing-today\">hearing\u003c/a> however, Kelly appeared to break with his boss, downplaying the importance of a U.S.- Mexico border wall and pushing back on proposed policies to restrict immigration of Muslims and to revive \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/john-kelly-homeland-security-senate-confirmation-hearing/\">torture\u003c/a> techniques in the fight against terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also recently promised more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/26/politics/kelly-travel-immigration-governors/\">moderate \u003c/a>laws on deportations and travel following public outcry in response to a series of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/26/politics/executive-orders-presidents-actions-presidential-memoranda/\">executive orders \u003c/a>signed last month by Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Perdue\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003cbr>\nThe Department of Agriculture oversees the country’s massive farming industry. Among other things, the department provides subsidies and support to farmers and agribusiness, nutritional aid to low-income families and it administers agricultural trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of the department’s budget goes to food assistance programs (formerly known as food stamps) which provide for more than 40 million low-income people across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department also oversees the U.S. Forest Service, which manages nearly 200 million acres of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As head of the department, Perdue, a former agricultural businessman, will likely look to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nikolaikuznetsov/2017/02/10/the-next-agriculture-secretary-could-be-great-for-agribusinesses/#6b89f10530d5\">farming industry regulations \u003c/a>and renegotiate agricultural trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Pruitt\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA administrator is responsible for guiding federal environmental policy and enforcing the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts and other environmental regulations. Under the Obama administration, the agency took steps to combat climate change by trying to regulate carbon emissions and promote renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt is a \u003ca href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20170108114336/https:/www.ok.gov/oag/Media/About_the_AG/\">self-described\u003c/a> “leading advocate against the EPA activist agenda.” As Oklahoma attorney general, he sued the agency multiple times, and has made it clear that he wants to reform the agency by significantly reducing its reach. Pruitt also has strong ties to the fossil fuel industry, and says he wants to roll back federal environmental regulations, particularly when they hinder domestic energy production. He is a strong advocate for state and local control over environmental laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"McMahon\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-960x387.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-240x97.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Small Business Administration is responsible for providing loans, securing government contract work and generally advocating for small business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, McMahon is a billionaire businesswoman with no government experience. A key player on Trump’s economic team, she is tasked with cutting back \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/exclusive-trump-chooses-pro-wrestling-magnate-linda-mcmahon-213126676--finance.html\">federal regulations\u003c/a> on small businesses, promoting job growth and supporting entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Pompeo\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the CIA oversees a huge network of intelligence agents positioned around the world, with the intent of protecting national security. The director is responsible for providing regular intelligence briefings to the president and his staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pompeo took over the CIA in the midst of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/trumps-relationship-intelligence-community-off-rocky-start/\">strained relationship\u003c/a> between the agency and the White House. Trump had initially dismissed agency intelligence reports that Russian agents likely hacked the U.S. presidential election. While supportive of the president in general, Pompeo says he backs the CIA’s Russia findings. During his confirmation hearings, Pompeo also said that he would not resume the use of enhanced interrogation techniques (like waterboarding) that Trump has advocated for.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Haley\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26025\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003cbr>\nAlthough the secretary of state takes the lead on establishing foreign policy, the UN ambassador is responsible for interpreting U.S. policy positions and building international support in the UN’s General Assembly and Security Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many of Trump’s nominees, Haley received \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/as-us-ambassador-to-un-nikki-haley-would-face-worlds-most-intractable-conflicts/2016/11/23/4ae99573-7661-416a-97d7-dee36793ae10_story.html?utm_term=.a78c1f36747c\">broad support\u003c/a> in the Senate and was confirmed quickly, despite her lack of foreign policy experience. Although she agrees with Trump on a number of key foreign policy issues, including opposition to the Iran Nuclear deal, she has also shown a willingness to disagree with him on certain issues, including her denunciation of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s “acts of aggression” in Eastern Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Lighthizer\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-800x321.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-768x308.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade representative is member of the president’s economic team, advises on domestic and international trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lighthizer shares Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/03/us/politics/trump-robert-lighthizer-trade-mexico.html\">protectionist approach\u003c/a> to the U.S. economy. With the goal of protecting American jobs, he is tasked with negotiating and enforcing existing trade agreements, forging new ones, and potentially raising import taxes. Lighthizer will likely play a key role in Trump’s promise to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Coats\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27010\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-960x387.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-240x97.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intelligence director is responsible for coordinating the intelligence gathering and analysis of the country’s 16 civilian and military spy agencies, including the CIA, NSA and FBI. Created in 2004, partly in in reaction to criticism that the nation’s spy agencies had failed to detect and prevent the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the post is intended to be the president's primary interpreter on national intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirmed with broad bipartisan support, Coats served as a two-time Republican Senator from Indiana, where he was a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "25945 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=25945",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Trump-cabinet-lesson-plan-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: The President's Cabinet (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With all the drama surrounding the White House right now, it's easy to lose track of what's going in the rest of the vast executive branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cabinet secretaries head up their own executive departments and serve as the president’s advisers on major policy issues. There are 16 official Cabinet positions (including vice president) and eight Cabinet-level positions, all of which require Senate confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New presidents must also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/?tid=graphics-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nominate about 1,200\u003c/a> other lower-level executive branch positions, including deputy and assistant secretaries, heads of agencies and ambassadors. All of them require Senate confirmation as well. As of mid-May, the Trump administration had still not even chosen nominees for a strikingly large number of these still-vacant positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president also appoints key advisers to the White House staff who don’t require Senate confirmation, including chief of staff, press secretary and major strategists (like Steve Bannon and Jared Kushner).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the executive branch, members of the president’s Cabinet don't make any laws. They do, however, oversee massive government departments with thousands of employees and multi-billion dollar budgets, thereby shaping how laws and regulations are implemented and enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a third of those serving in President Trump’s Cabinet do not have any government experience. And several of those who do -- including Energy Department nominee Rick Perry and Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt -- have openly expressed disdain for the departments they’re now preparing to lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's Cabinet is the whitest, most male-dominated group in decades. It's also the wealthiest Cabinet in history, with close ties to Wall Street and corporate America, including two billionaires and at least a dozen millionaires, with a \u003ca href=\"http://st%20a%20dozen%20millionaires,%20with%20a%20combined%20net%20worth%20of%20about%20%246.1%20billion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">combined net worth\u003c/a> of about $6.1 billion. Many faced tough questioning from Democrats about their complex financial and political connections. It wasn't until late April, more than three months after Trump's inauguration, that the Senate confirmed the last of nominees was confirmed, rounding out the Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Cabinet and Cabinet-Level Positions\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">(Note: this is the original list of confirmed appointees; recent changes are mentioned below)\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#Tillerson\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26006 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-160x223.png\" alt=\"Tillerson\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Zinke\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26095 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Zinke\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Shulkin\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26004 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-160x223.png\" alt=\"Shulkin\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Sessions\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26003 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-160x223.png\" alt=\"Sessions\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Ross\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26014 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-160x223.png\" alt=\"Ross_Updated\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_Updated.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Price\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25999 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-160x223.png\" alt=\"Price\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Chao\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25986 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-160x223.png\" alt=\"Chao\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Acosta\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26963\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-160x223.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"158\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-160x223.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3-240x334.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta-3.jpg 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 158px) 100vw, 158px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Perry\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-26105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Perry\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Perdue\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26956 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#DeVos\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25988 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-160x223.png\" alt=\"DeVos\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/DeVos.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Carson\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-26092\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-160x223.png\" alt=\"Carson\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson-1.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Mattis\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25992 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-160x223.png\" alt=\"Mattis\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Kelly\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25990 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-160x223.png\" alt=\"Kelly\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Pruitt\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26001 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#McMahon\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25993 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/McMahon.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Pompeo\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25998 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Haley\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-25989 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-160x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-160x223.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley-240x334.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Lighthizer\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-27007\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-160x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-160x222.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer-240x333.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#Coats\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-27009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-160x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-160x222.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats-240x333.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Tillerson\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png\" alt=\"Tillerson_Profile1\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Tillerson_Profile1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary of state is the highest-ranking member in the Cabinet, and as the nation's top diplomat, is responsible for advising the president on foreign matters, and carrying out the administration’s foreign policy through the U.S. Department of State and the Foreign Service. This position oversees 30,000 employees in almost every country in the world, with a budget of roughly $35 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the face of U.S. foreign policy, the secretary of state often plays a key role negotiating international agreements on a wide range of issues, including the environment, security and nuclear weapons. As secretary of state under President Obama, John Kerry played a large role advancing international climate change policies -- including the 2015 Paris climate agreement -- as well as negotiating a major nuclear deal with Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate confirmation hearing, Tillerson was questioned about his ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin, and potential conflicts of interest he could face as the former CEO of the world’s largest oil and gas company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the first Cabinet members to be confirmed, Tillerson must now perform a tricky balancing act in maintaining strong relations among America’s allies while also representing a president whose support of isolationist policies has ruffled feathers around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Tillerson does side with Trump on many issues, he did express divergent views from his boss during his confirmation hearing, voicing support for NATO, action on climate change and continued economic sanctions against Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Mnuchin\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26030\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png\" alt=\"Mnuchin_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mnuchin_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the principal economic adviser to the president, the Treasury secretary tracks money and financial matters of national interest. Among other duties, the secretary is a key adviser and spokesman on trade deals, the public debt and tax reform. He manages 10 special bureaus, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the U.S. Mint (the secretary’s signature is on all new printed money), and oversees more than 100,000 employees and a budget of roughly $13 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This position is often in the spotlight in times of financial crisis, as was the case during the economic recession in 2008-2009 and the decision to bail out the banks. Alexander Hamilton served as America’s first (and arguably most famous) Treasury secretary, responsible for consolidating the debt of the 13 colonies after the Revolutionary War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Tillerson, Mnuchin was also probed by the Senate on his business dealings and personal finances. Among other things, he was strongly criticized by Democrats for his failure to disclose nearly $100 million in assets, as well as profits he made on foreclosures during the 2008-2009 economic collapse. Democrats on the Senate Finance Committee twice boycotted a vote on his confirmation – but in a rare move, Republicans sent his nomination to the full Senate without their approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Mnuchin doesn’t have any prior experience in government, he will likely have a strong hand in the president’s plans to rewrite the tax code, roll back financial regulations and renegotiate international trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26028\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png\" alt=\"Mattis_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Mattis_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSecond only to the president in military authority, the Defense secretary exercises “command and control” over the U.S. Armed forces (Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force). The position oversees the Department of Defense, the largest U.S. government agency, with more than two million soldiers and civilians around the world and a budget of roughly $600 billion per year (the largest of any military force in the world) -- which Trump wants to increase by $54 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top adviser on decisions regarding U.S. military strategy and actions, this position is particularly important during times of war. Under President George W. Bush, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld led the planning and execution of the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan (immediately following the Sept.11 terror attacks) and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattis, a retired 4-star general, is one of only a small handful of Trump’s Cabinet nominees to receive broad bipartisan support. During his confirmation hearing in the Senate Armed Forces Committee, he advocated stepping up military attacks on ISIS in the Middle East, in line with Trump’s proposed policies. However, he broke with the president in declaring Russia a major threat to U.S. security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattis recently traveled to Brussels to advance Trump’s plan to reform NATO, an international military alliance. The administration is threatening to alter the U.S. relationship with the organization if other countries do not increase their spending budgets to 2 percent of total GDP, as promised. The U.S. currently spends more than twice as much as all other NATO countries combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Sessions\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png\" alt=\"Sessions_Profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sessions_Profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s chief law enforcement officer and lawyer, the attorney general oversees the U.S. Department of Justice, which is comprised of 40 agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigations, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the Drug Enforcement Agency and immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general has oversight on a wide range of federal crimes, and as such can play a broad role in shaping national policy. During the Obama administration, the attorney general’s office (led by Eric Holder and Loretta Lynch) prioritized its focus on criminal justice reform by investigating multiple police departments, reducing the enforcement of certain drug laws and phasing out the federal use of private prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate hearing, Sessions faced intense opposition from Democrats, mostly because of his staunch conservatism and mixed record on civil rights. Most notably, as a U.S. attorney in Alabama in 1985, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/09/magazine/the-voter-fraud-case-jeff-sessions-lost-and-cant-escape.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he prosecuted\u003c/a> three African-American civil rights activists, accusing them of voter fraud. The following year he was nominated to be a federal district judge, but rejected by the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As attorney general, Sessions will be in charge of advancing and defending key aspects of Trump’s “law and order” criminal justice platform and enforcing his tough immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Sessions’ first actions was to reverse the Obama administration’s plan to end private prisons. He has also hinted at more support for law enforcement officials and tougher enforcement of drug laws, including heightened enforcement of marijuana (which is legal, to varying degrees, in 28 states), though no official plans have been released to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a month into the job, though, Sessions found himself under fire following a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-spoke-twice-with-russian-ambassador-during-trumps-presidential-campaign-justice-officials-say/2017/03/01/77205eda-feac-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_no-name%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&tid=a_inl&utm_term=.56eae0665fc0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post report\u003c/a> that he met twice last year with Russia's ambassador to the United States, a nugget he failed to disclose during his confirmation hearing. Amid mounting pressure, Sessions on March 2 announced that he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/02/us/politics/jeff-sessions-russia-trump-investigation-democrats.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recusing himself\u003c/a> from any current or future investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Meanwhile, top Democratic leaders, including Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer -- the House and Senate minority leaders -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/01/politics/jeff-sessions-russian-ambassador-meetings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called \u003c/a>for Sessions to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Zinke\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png\" alt=\"Zinke_Profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Zinke_Profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Department of Interior is the principal conservation agency of the United States. The secretary oversees management and conservation of millions of acres of federal land and natural resources (about 20 percent of all U.S. land) through agencies including the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service. The department has a budget of roughly $16 billion, although it also raises billions from activities such as “energy, mineral, grazing and timber leases as well as recreational permits and land sales.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary plays a key role in controlling development of the county’s natural resources - over 20 percent of natural gas and oil and 40 percent of the nation’s coal is mined from federal lands. The secretary is also a key communicator with the public in regard to the administration’s official policy positions on issues like climate change and natural resource management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke was confirmed by the Senate on March 1 with less rancor than some of Trump's other nominees. At his \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/1/nomination-hearing-of-the-honorable-ryan-zinke-to-be-the-secretary-of-the-interior\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">confirmation hearing\u003c/a>, the former Montana congressman, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/17/ryan-zinke-says-humans-influence-climate-change-scientists-say-were-the-dominant-cause/?utm_term=.41e691cda8ce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously questioned\u003c/a> climate science, said he now believes that humans do have an \"influence\" on climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said he opposes selling federal land to states or private owners, even though he voted in Congress to ease those same rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zinke also made his support quite clear for expanding leases to oil and gas development on public land as a way of boosting domestic energy production, a clear departure from the Obama administration's efforts to scale back drilling on federal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Ross\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png\" alt=\"Ross_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Ross_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commerce secretary is in charge of promoting U.S. business interests domestically and abroad and “promoting economic development and technological innovation.” With 38,000 employees and a budget of roughly $6.5 billion, the department includes 12 special bureaus with wide-ranging duties, from economic and demographic data collection (U.S. Census Bureau) to weather monitoring (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penny Pritzker, former Commerce secretary under Obama, advanced a number of public-private partnerships in an effort to boost U.S. manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his Senate subcommittee hearing, Ross largely backed President Trump’s stance on trade, despite having made much of his fortune by opening factories overseas. He says that as Commerce secretary, he’ll support Trump’s agenda to toughen international trade policies and craft agreements that protect and create more jobs for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross also wants to crack down on what he calls China’s unfair trade practices and, like the president, pledges to make bold changes to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). At his confirmation hearing, Ross said: “We cannot afford trade that is inherently bad for American workers and for American businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, the Commerce secretary has less influence on economic policy than the Treasury secretary and other White House economic staff. Many political observers, though, predict that Ross will take on an expanded role in the Trump administration, given the president’s focus on redrawing trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Acosta\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_Profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26973 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Acosta_profile-1-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Labor secretary heads a department that oversees workplace standards, worker protections, job training programs and employment statistics (Bureau of Labor Statistics).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary can be involved in mediation between large employers and their employees - for example, Labor Secretary Tom Perez (under Obama) settled a dispute between workers, unions and management at \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/opa/opa20160527\">Verizon\u003c/a> during his tenure. Perez also proposed \u003ca href=\"https://mic.com/articles/159787/what-does-the-secretary-of-labor-do-5-things-you-should-know#.5kOvwRgEr\">changes\u003c/a> to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which establishes minimum wage, overtime pay and other important employment standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta is Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/16/us/politics/alexander-acosta-labor-secretary-trump.html\">second pick\u003c/a> for the post - Andrew Pudzer, the first, withdrew his nomination amid controversy. Considered a more moderate candidate with broader bipartisan support, Acosta is in charge of advancing \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-unions-war-232382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trump’s agenda\u003c/a> to boost job development and reduce workplace regulations and union influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formerly the dean of Florida International University’s law school, Acosta was also briefly a member of the National Labor Relations Board under President George W. Bush and then went on to serve as U.S. attorney in the Bush's Justice Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta is the only Latino member of Trump's Cabinet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Price\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26035\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png\" alt=\"Price_profile\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-800x320.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-768x307.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-960x384.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-375x150.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Price_profile-520x208.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE (Sept. 29)\u003c/strong>: \u003cem>Tom Price \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/09/29/trump-to-decide-friday-night-whether-to-fire-hhs-secretary-price/?utm_term=.b249ec1e7281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resigned on Sept. 29\u003c/a>, amid sharp criticism over spending hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars on private charter flights. In January 2018, the Senate confirmed Alex Azar, the former president of the U.S. arm of pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly & Co. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/01/24/580381981/former-drug-industry-executive-will-lead-dept-of-health-and-human-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to NPR\u003c/a>: \"Azar will oversee the Food and Drug Administration, which regulates prescription drugs including those produced by his former employer. He'll also oversee Medicare and Medicaid, which together spend hundreds of billions of dollars each year on prescription medications.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Health and Human Services secretary is responsible for carrying out the administration’s plans on health, welfare and other income security programs. The post oversees a huge budget of over $1 trillion and 11 operating divisions including the Food & Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (which administers health care for over 130 million Americans).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Affordable Care Act, or \"Obamacare,\" greatly \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/hhs-secretary-tom-price-significant-powers-change-health-care/\">expanded the powers\u003c/a> of this position, allowing the secretary to influence the implementation of important details of the law, including how Medicaid funds are distributed to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other duties, Price will be tasked with implementing Trump’s plan to “repeal and replace” Obamacare. Although he has been a strong critic of the law in the past, and advocates for “free-market” solutions, he has not revealed a comprehensive plan for reform to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Carson\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-26093 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1.png\" alt=\"Carson_Profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Carson_Profile-1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary leads the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which oversees public housing, fair-housing laws, home loan programs for lower- and middle-income families, and administers community development grants. The department operates on an annual budget of nearly $50 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the department’s \u003ca href=\"https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=ProposedFY17FactSheet.pdf\">budget\u003c/a> goes toward providing housing assistance, including public housing, to over 4.5 million low-income families across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, who made his own bid for president last year, grew up in a low-income neighborhood in Detroit (though, not public housing) and is Trump’s only African-American Cabinet pick. He was confirmed by the Senate on March 2, despite being criticized by Democrats for having no prior experience in government or housing policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although known for his comments urging an end to reliance on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/us/politics/ben-carsons-hud-housing-nominee-hearing.html\">public assistance\u003c/a>, Carson acknowledged the importance of “safety net” programs during his Senate hearing. His vision for the agency includes expanding private sector involvement in public housing and community development programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Chao\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26022\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png\" alt=\"Chao_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Chao_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Transportation secretary heads -- you guessed it -- the Department of Transportation. With a budget of nearly $100 billion, the department includes the Federal Aviation Agency, Federal Highway Association, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and eight other transportation agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/fastlane/recovery-act-still-paying-dividends\">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act\u003c/a>, which Obama signed into law in 2009 to help jump-start the free-falling economy, the department received a major boost for road and bridge repair projects, transit expansion and new transportation facilities. A major aspect of the secretary’s job involves \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/us/politics/elaine-chao-transportation-trump.html\">allocating funds\u003c/a>, setting timelines and proposing financing options for transportation projects across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wife of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY), Chao is one of the few Cabinet members who received \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/trumps-transportation-secretary-pick-elaine-chao-confirmed-in-senate-with-some-top-democrats-balking/2017/01/31/a15c7604-df42-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?utm_term=.0f2aaf62afc8\">broad support\u003c/a> in the Senate, largely due to her experience as Labor secretary under President George W. Bush. As Transportation secretary, Chao will be one of the key members of Trump’s cabinet tasked with advancing his campaign pledge to invest $1 trillion into roads, bridges and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"DeVos\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26024\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png\" alt=\"Devos_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Devos_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the head of the Department of Education (the smallest cabinet-level department), the Education secretary advises the president on federal education policies and administers federal aid to local schools. The DOE also administers Pell Grants, which account for the largest share of the department’s budget, a nearly $23 billion program that provides financial aids to lower-income college students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most public and charter k-12 schools receive the brunt of their funding from local and state taxes, a small but notable amount comes from the federal government (and is largely directed at low-income families). The DOE is also tasked with handling \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/what-does-secretary-of-education-do-betsy-devos-2017-2\">discrimination cases\u003c/a> though its Office of Civil Rights. Notably, the ACLU sued the department in 2014 on behalf of a transgender student who was blocked by his school from using the bathroom that corresponded with his gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVos, a billionaire philanthropist, was sharply criticized during her Senate hearing for her lack of experience and knowledge of public education standards. Her confirmation has been regarded as the most controversial of Trump’s picks to date, with Vice President Mike Pence breaking a Senate tie to cast the deciding vote in her favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly suggested reducing or \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/what-the-department-of-education-does-2016-11\">eliminating\u003c/a> the Department of Education, favoring state and local administration of schools (rather than federal). While it appears the department will remain for now, DeVos is not supportive of traditional public education; she strongly advocates for school voucher programs, which would expand alternatives to public education (like charter schools), and allow K-12 students to attend private and religious schools funded with public dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Perry\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26104\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1.png\" alt=\"Perry_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perry_profile-1-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">The secretary leads the Department of Energy, with a focus on promoting new technologies, providing related education and overseeing nuclear energy programs. The secretary also works with heads of federal intelligence agencies to closely monitor compliance with domestic and international nuclear agreements. The majority of the department's budget is allocated to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-does-energy-department-do/\">national security\u003c/a> (i.e. nuclear weapon programs).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created in the early 1970s (under President Jimmy Carter) in response to an oil embargo that nearly quadrupled the price of oil, sending the global and national energy sectors into shock. President’s generally set the agenda for Energy secretaries - under Obama, the department focused on \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/271364-obamas-energy-efficiency-rules-will-last-secretary-says\">clean energy\u003c/a> research and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his 2012 presidential run, Perry actually vowed to eliminate the Energy Department (and notoriously forgot the name of it during a primary debate). More recently, he's demonstrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/us/politics/rick-perry-energy-secretary-donald-trump.html\">apparent confusion\u003c/a> about the responsibilities he would have as secretary. Nevertheless, Perry \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-perry-confirmation-vote-former-texas-governor-heads-to-full-senate/\">cleared\u003c/a> the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and was confirmed by the full Senate on March 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Governor of Texas, Perry was an advocate for the fossil fuel industry and maintains strong personal and business ties to major Texas \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/perry-oil-industry-energy-department/\">oil companies\u003c/a>. He was, however, also supportive of some renewable energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with Trump's priorities to expand domestic energy production by increasing fossil fuel production, Perry will likely steer the department away from the larger Obama-era focus on renewable energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Shulkin\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png\" alt=\"Shulkin_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Shulkin_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the head of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the secretary oversees health care and other benefits for people who have served in the military. The VA employs roughly 300,000 employees and controls a budget of about $150 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created in 1930 (12 years after World War I) and grew exponentially following a sharp rise in the number of U.S. veterans after World War II. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/health/findcare.asp\">VA health care system\u003c/a> (one of three subdivisions of the department) is the largest integrated health care system in the U.S., providing care for roughly 9 million veterans each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A holdover from the Obama administration, Shulkin is Trump’s only nominee to date approved unanimously by the Senate. As secretary, he will be tasked with improving care for veterans, which Trump says was sorely neglected under the Obama administration. Shulkin has promised “major reform and transformation of the VA” including increased options for veterans to receive \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/01/david-shulkin-veterans-affairs-nominee-faster-change-more-choice-veterans/97348212/\">private sector\u003c/a> medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Kelly\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png\" alt=\"Kelly_profile\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Kelly_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>UPDATE (July 28)\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: After a short stint leading the Department of Homeland Security, Kelly was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/07/28/trump-names-homeland-security-secretary-john-kelly-as-white-house-chief-of-staff-ousting-reince-priebus/?utm_term=.ebdaff753dc2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appointed by Trump\u003c/a> to be White House chief of staff, replacing Reince Priebus. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/person/elaine-c-duke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elaine Duke\u003c/a> initially served as acting secretary of the department. On Dec. 5, the Senate confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/363399-senate-confirms-trumps-homeland-security-secretary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kirstjen Nielsen\u003c/a> by a vote of 62-37. Nielsen previously served on George W. Bush’s homeland security council, worked under Kelly at the DHS earlier this year, and most recently was his chief of staff at the White House.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As head of the Department of Homeland Security, the secretary is responsible for protecting domestic safety. The department’s broad responsibilities include fighting terrorism, securing the border, immigration and customs enforcement, cybersecurity, and disaster prevention and management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department was created under President George W. Bush to consolidate homeland security efforts after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It’s comprised of seven agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Transportation Security Administration (airport security).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly will oversee the third largest federal department, and be responsible for advancing some of Trump’s controversial actions on immigration and border security. During his confirmation \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/10/509128004/trumps-homeland-security-pick-faces-confirmation-hearing-today\">hearing\u003c/a> however, Kelly appeared to break with his boss, downplaying the importance of a U.S.- Mexico border wall and pushing back on proposed policies to restrict immigration of Muslims and to revive \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/john-kelly-homeland-security-senate-confirmation-hearing/\">torture\u003c/a> techniques in the fight against terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also recently promised more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/26/politics/kelly-travel-immigration-governors/\">moderate \u003c/a>laws on deportations and travel following public outcry in response to a series of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/26/politics/executive-orders-presidents-actions-presidential-memoranda/\">executive orders \u003c/a>signed last month by Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Perdue\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Perdue_profile-2-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003cbr>\nThe Department of Agriculture oversees the country’s massive farming industry. Among other things, the department provides subsidies and support to farmers and agribusiness, nutritional aid to low-income families and it administers agricultural trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of the department’s budget goes to food assistance programs (formerly known as food stamps) which provide for more than 40 million low-income people across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department also oversees the U.S. Forest Service, which manages nearly 200 million acres of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As head of the department, Perdue, a former agricultural businessman, will likely look to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nikolaikuznetsov/2017/02/10/the-next-agriculture-secretary-could-be-great-for-agribusinesses/#6b89f10530d5\">farming industry regulations \u003c/a>and renegotiate agricultural trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Pruitt\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pruitt_Profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA administrator is responsible for guiding federal environmental policy and enforcing the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts and other environmental regulations. Under the Obama administration, the agency took steps to combat climate change by trying to regulate carbon emissions and promote renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt is a \u003ca href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20170108114336/https:/www.ok.gov/oag/Media/About_the_AG/\">self-described\u003c/a> “leading advocate against the EPA activist agenda.” As Oklahoma attorney general, he sued the agency multiple times, and has made it clear that he wants to reform the agency by significantly reducing its reach. Pruitt also has strong ties to the fossil fuel industry, and says he wants to roll back federal environmental regulations, particularly when they hinder domestic energy production. He is a strong advocate for state and local control over environmental laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"McMahon\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-960x387.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-240x97.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/McMahon_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Small Business Administration is responsible for providing loans, securing government contract work and generally advocating for small business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, McMahon is a billionaire businesswoman with no government experience. A key player on Trump’s economic team, she is tasked with cutting back \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/exclusive-trump-chooses-pro-wrestling-magnate-linda-mcmahon-213126676--finance.html\">federal regulations\u003c/a> on small businesses, promoting job growth and supporting entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Pompeo\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Pompeo_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the CIA oversees a huge network of intelligence agents positioned around the world, with the intent of protecting national security. The director is responsible for providing regular intelligence briefings to the president and his staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pompeo took over the CIA in the midst of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/trumps-relationship-intelligence-community-off-rocky-start/\">strained relationship\u003c/a> between the agency and the White House. Trump had initially dismissed agency intelligence reports that Russian agents likely hacked the U.S. presidential election. While supportive of the president in general, Pompeo says he backs the CIA’s Russia findings. During his confirmation hearings, Pompeo also said that he would not resume the use of enhanced interrogation techniques (like waterboarding) that Trump has advocated for.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Haley\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26025\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"995\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile.png 995w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Haley_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\">\u003cbr>\nAlthough the secretary of state takes the lead on establishing foreign policy, the UN ambassador is responsible for interpreting U.S. policy positions and building international support in the UN’s General Assembly and Security Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many of Trump’s nominees, Haley received \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/as-us-ambassador-to-un-nikki-haley-would-face-worlds-most-intractable-conflicts/2016/11/23/4ae99573-7661-416a-97d7-dee36793ae10_story.html?utm_term=.a78c1f36747c\">broad support\u003c/a> in the Senate and was confirmed quickly, despite her lack of foreign policy experience. Although she agrees with Trump on a number of key foreign policy issues, including opposition to the Iran Nuclear deal, she has also shown a willingness to disagree with him on certain issues, including her denunciation of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s “acts of aggression” in Eastern Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Lighthizer\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-800x321.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-768x308.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-960x386.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-240x96.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Lighthizer_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade representative is member of the president’s economic team, advises on domestic and international trade policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lighthizer shares Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/03/us/politics/trump-robert-lighthizer-trade-mexico.html\">protectionist approach\u003c/a> to the U.S. economy. With the goal of protecting American jobs, he is tasked with negotiating and enforcing existing trade agreements, forging new ones, and potentially raising import taxes. Lighthizer will likely play a key role in Trump’s promise to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to the Cabinet\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Coats\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27010\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile.png 996w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-160x64.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-800x322.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-768x309.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-960x387.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-240x97.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-375x151.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Coats_profile-520x209.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intelligence director is responsible for coordinating the intelligence gathering and analysis of the country’s 16 civilian and military spy agencies, including the CIA, NSA and FBI. Created in 2004, partly in in reaction to criticism that the nation’s spy agencies had failed to detect and prevent the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the post is intended to be the president's primary interpreter on national intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What Should We Do About Gerrymandering?",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieB3ukWB3tQ\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What is gerrymandering?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fair elections are at the heart of American democracy, but many people argue that politicians have been undermining this American ideal through the practice of what is called gerrymandering. Gerrymandering has been described as the process of politicians picking their voters instead of the voters picking their politicians. In order to really understand this concept, you need to know how voting districts work.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use the Above the Noise discussion guide and student worksheet to start a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does gerrymandering make you feel about voting in the future? What do you think we should do about gerrymandering?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Classroom-Guide.pdf\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener\">Classroom Discussion Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Student-Viewing-Notes.pdf\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener\">Student Viewing Notes Handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Essentially states are split into different voting districts. For example, there are congressional voting districts– where voters from each district elect a person to represent them in the U.S. House of Representatives. These \u003ca href=\"http://redistricting.lls.edu/where.php\">voting districts are based on population size\u003c/a>, and every 10 years after the US census, voting districts are redrawn to make sure that each district has the same number of people. Otherwise, it wouldn’t be fair if one district has twice as many people as all the other districts, but still only gets one representative in the House. There are lots of different ways a state can be divided up into districts, so how do you decide where to draw the district lines?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the case of gerrymandering, politicians from the party in power use census and voting data to make predictions about how people are likely to vote, and they draw districts in a way that ensures their political party will win the most voting districts overall. This allows political parties to win more districts even if they have fewer overall votes. For example, gerrymandering is probably the reason why in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/19/gerrymandering-supreme-court-us-election-north-carolina\"> 2016 election in North Carolina\u003c/a>, democrats won 47% of the vote, but only ended up with 23% of the seats. Both republicans and democrats do it, and who draws the lines depends on which party is in power.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the most part, gerrymandering for political purposes is allowed, but racial gerrymandering is illegal. According to the Voting Rights Act, you can’t draw districts in a way that disadvantages minority racial groups. But many people, from both political parties feel that gerrymandering undermines the democratic process and they want to find ways to stop it. Some favor \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/redistricting-technology-obama-gerrymendering/\">allowing computers to take over the redistricting\u003c/a>— by programming algorithms to prioritize size and neat and tidy district shapes. Some states, like California have independent bipartisan commissions in charge of redistricting. Since these commissions are bipartisan, they don’t have an incentive to gerrymander.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LESSON PLAN: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/03/07/redistricting-how-the-maps-of-power-are-drawn-with-lesson-plan/\">Redistricting: How the Maps of Power Are Drawn \u003c/a>(The Lowdown/KQED)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/06/13/the-strange-geometry-of-gerrymandering-redistrictings-dark-side/\">The Strange Geometry of Gerrymandering \u003c/a>(The Lowdown/KQED)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/03/01/this-is-the-best-explanation-of-gerrymandering-you-will-ever-see/?utm_term=.6218e9b5ad18\">Gerrymandering, Explained\u003c/a> (The Washington Post)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>ABOVE THE NOISE\u003c/strong>, a new YouTube series from KQED, follows young journalists as they investigate real world issues that impact young people’s lives. These short videos prompt critical thinking with middle and high school students to spark civic engagement. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Join hosts Myles Bess and Shirin Ghaffary for \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/abovethenoise\">new episodes published every Wednesday\u003c/a> on YouTube.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ieB3ukWB3tQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ieB3ukWB3tQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What is gerrymandering?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fair elections are at the heart of American democracy, but many people argue that politicians have been undermining this American ideal through the practice of what is called gerrymandering. Gerrymandering has been described as the process of politicians picking their voters instead of the voters picking their politicians. In order to really understand this concept, you need to know how voting districts work.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use the Above the Noise discussion guide and student worksheet to start a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does gerrymandering make you feel about voting in the future? What do you think we should do about gerrymandering?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Classroom-Guide.pdf\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener\">Classroom Discussion Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Student-Viewing-Notes.pdf\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener\">Student Viewing Notes Handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Essentially states are split into different voting districts. For example, there are congressional voting districts– where voters from each district elect a person to represent them in the U.S. House of Representatives. These \u003ca href=\"http://redistricting.lls.edu/where.php\">voting districts are based on population size\u003c/a>, and every 10 years after the US census, voting districts are redrawn to make sure that each district has the same number of people. Otherwise, it wouldn’t be fair if one district has twice as many people as all the other districts, but still only gets one representative in the House. There are lots of different ways a state can be divided up into districts, so how do you decide where to draw the district lines?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the case of gerrymandering, politicians from the party in power use census and voting data to make predictions about how people are likely to vote, and they draw districts in a way that ensures their political party will win the most voting districts overall. This allows political parties to win more districts even if they have fewer overall votes. For example, gerrymandering is probably the reason why in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/19/gerrymandering-supreme-court-us-election-north-carolina\"> 2016 election in North Carolina\u003c/a>, democrats won 47% of the vote, but only ended up with 23% of the seats. Both republicans and democrats do it, and who draws the lines depends on which party is in power.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the most part, gerrymandering for political purposes is allowed, but racial gerrymandering is illegal. According to the Voting Rights Act, you can’t draw districts in a way that disadvantages minority racial groups. But many people, from both political parties feel that gerrymandering undermines the democratic process and they want to find ways to stop it. Some favor \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/redistricting-technology-obama-gerrymendering/\">allowing computers to take over the redistricting\u003c/a>— by programming algorithms to prioritize size and neat and tidy district shapes. Some states, like California have independent bipartisan commissions in charge of redistricting. Since these commissions are bipartisan, they don’t have an incentive to gerrymander.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LESSON PLAN: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/03/07/redistricting-how-the-maps-of-power-are-drawn-with-lesson-plan/\">Redistricting: How the Maps of Power Are Drawn \u003c/a>(The Lowdown/KQED)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/06/13/the-strange-geometry-of-gerrymandering-redistrictings-dark-side/\">The Strange Geometry of Gerrymandering \u003c/a>(The Lowdown/KQED)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/03/01/this-is-the-best-explanation-of-gerrymandering-you-will-ever-see/?utm_term=.6218e9b5ad18\">Gerrymandering, Explained\u003c/a> (The Washington Post)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>ABOVE THE NOISE\u003c/strong>, a new YouTube series from KQED, follows young journalists as they investigate real world issues that impact young people’s lives. These short videos prompt critical thinking with middle and high school students to spark civic engagement. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Join hosts Myles Bess and Shirin Ghaffary for \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/abovethenoise\">new episodes published every Wednesday\u003c/a> on YouTube.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Should Public Funds Be Used to Send Kids to Private Schools? (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "Should Public Funds Be Used to Send Kids to Private Schools? (with Lesson Plan)",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/oYztfAf1Oyg\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/School-voucher-lesson-plan.pdf\">Lesson Plan: School vouchers (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Beyond Standing Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>If parents aren't satisfied with the quality of their children's designated public schools, should they get public funding to send them to private schools instead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the underlying question in the debate over \"school choice,\" and specifically school voucher programs, an increasingly popular strategy among conservative education reformers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26950\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/interactive-guide-to-school-choice.aspx#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26950\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states.png 673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-160x118.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-240x177.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-375x276.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-520x383.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">14 states and Washington, D.C. have some form of school voucher program. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/interactive-guide-to-school-choice.aspx#/\" target=\"_blank\">National Conference of State Legislatures)\u003c/a>\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/school-choice-vouchers.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14 states and Washington, D.C.\u003c/a>, offer some form of school voucher program, in which qualifying students can receive state-funded scholarships to attend private schools, including religious (parochial) schools, using public dollars. Funding for the vouchers generally comes directly out of the state's public education budget. In most of these states, the programs are primarily geared toward lower-income students in chronically low-performing public schools, although some states, like Indiana, have expanded options to a wider population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most states, though, including California, still don't offer school vouchers because their constitutions specifically prohibit the use of public dollars to fund schools with religious affiliations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump insists that school vouchers and other \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/School_Choice_Glossary-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">school choice\u003c/a>\" options -- including scholarship tax credits and charter schools -- are a necessary, cost-effective approach to leveling the playing field and closing the vast achievement gap that still exists in the nation's education system. He's gone so far as framing it as a civil rights initiative meant to help the most disadvantaged children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the legal guarantee of an equal education for all, gaping disparities exist in America’s education system, with poverty and race still the key determinants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2016/04/29/local-education-inequities-across-u-s-revealed-new-stanford-data-set/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford analysis\u003c/a> of nationwide academic performance found that the achievement gaps between more affluent and less privileged children is wider than ever, with students in the highest poverty districts testing more than four grade levels below students in the wealthiest ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within individual districts, schools are still often largely segregated, and the academic performance of white students as compared to black and Hispanic students is dramatic: On average, test scores of white students are two grade levels higher than those of black students in the same district, and one- and-a-half grade levels higher than those of Hispanic students, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[See how your district compares in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/04/29/upshot/money-race-and-success-how-your-school-district-compares.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NY Times interactive\u003c/a> visualizing the study's findings.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/trump-seeks-to-slash-education-department-but-make-big-push-for-school-choice/2017/03/15/63b8b6f8-09a1-11e7-b77c-0047d15a24e0_story.html?utm_term=.59efbdb43f3e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">budget proposal \u003c/a>calls for an unprecedented federal investment of $1.4 billion for school choice programs, while simultaneously slashing the Education Department's total budget by a sweeping $9.2 billion — or 13.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His education secretary, Betsy DeVos, a billionaire Republican donor and longtime school choice evangelist, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/03/29/devos-picking-a-school-should-be-like-choosing-among-uber-lyft-or-a-taxi/?utm_term=.ceaff4f40ad8\">compared\u003c/a> private schools to ride-hailing apps like Uber and public schools to traditional taxis. Where one is nimble, competitive and efficient, she says, the other is rickety, expensive and outdated. Simply pouring more money into failing public schools has consistently proved ineffective, she says. (DeVos also recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/03/04/517695605/betsy-devos-school-choice-controversy-historically-black-colleges-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">referred\u003c/a> to historically black colleges as \"pioneers\" of school choice, a statement that didn't go over too well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think ride sharing is the best option for you, the government shouldn’t get in your way,\" she said in March. \"We celebrate the benefits of choices in transportation and lodging. But doesn’t that pale in comparison to the importance of educating the future of our country? Why do we not allow parents to exercise that same right to choice in the education of their child?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/528502918/528502919\" width=\"620\" height=\"200\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of vouchers contend that when given options, parents will choose the highest-performing schools for their children. Competition will force low-performing public schools to improve or risk losing students and funding. Private schools, they argue, are free of many of the bureaucratic and staffing hurdles that traditional public schools contend with, and can operate more independently and cost effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, though, school voucher programs have proved quite controversial. Opponents argue that they siphon much-needed state funding away from public schools and only benefit a select few at the expense of the majority, while largely excluding students with the highest needs. Rather than divert funds from troubled schools, they contend, why not invest in those schools and help them improve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents also note that there's \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2017/02/28/vouchers-not-improve-student-achievement-stanford-researcher-finds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">little evidence\u003c/a> to suggest that students in voucher programs outperform their counterparts. Additionally, critics commonly view government incentives to attend private religious schools as a violation of the separation of church and state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of \u003cem>The California Report's\u003c/em> \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/trump-ed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trump Ed\u003c/a>\" series, reporters John Sepulvado and Ana Tintocalis \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/what-are-your-questions-about-education-in-the-era-of-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently sat down \u003c/a>with a class of students at Sacred Heart Cathedral High School in San Francisco, the kind of school that a student at a nearby underperforming public school might choose to go to if given the opportunity. When asked if they supported the idea of greater school choice, students offered a range of responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/322735570\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oYztfAf1Oyg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oYztfAf1Oyg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/School-voucher-lesson-plan.pdf\">Lesson Plan: School vouchers (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Beyond Standing Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>If parents aren't satisfied with the quality of their children's designated public schools, should they get public funding to send them to private schools instead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the underlying question in the debate over \"school choice,\" and specifically school voucher programs, an increasingly popular strategy among conservative education reformers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26950\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/interactive-guide-to-school-choice.aspx#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26950\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states.png 673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-160x118.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-240x177.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-375x276.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-520x383.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">14 states and Washington, D.C. have some form of school voucher program. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/interactive-guide-to-school-choice.aspx#/\" target=\"_blank\">National Conference of State Legislatures)\u003c/a>\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/school-choice-vouchers.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14 states and Washington, D.C.\u003c/a>, offer some form of school voucher program, in which qualifying students can receive state-funded scholarships to attend private schools, including religious (parochial) schools, using public dollars. Funding for the vouchers generally comes directly out of the state's public education budget. In most of these states, the programs are primarily geared toward lower-income students in chronically low-performing public schools, although some states, like Indiana, have expanded options to a wider population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most states, though, including California, still don't offer school vouchers because their constitutions specifically prohibit the use of public dollars to fund schools with religious affiliations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump insists that school vouchers and other \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/School_Choice_Glossary-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">school choice\u003c/a>\" options -- including scholarship tax credits and charter schools -- are a necessary, cost-effective approach to leveling the playing field and closing the vast achievement gap that still exists in the nation's education system. He's gone so far as framing it as a civil rights initiative meant to help the most disadvantaged children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the legal guarantee of an equal education for all, gaping disparities exist in America’s education system, with poverty and race still the key determinants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2016/04/29/local-education-inequities-across-u-s-revealed-new-stanford-data-set/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford analysis\u003c/a> of nationwide academic performance found that the achievement gaps between more affluent and less privileged children is wider than ever, with students in the highest poverty districts testing more than four grade levels below students in the wealthiest ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within individual districts, schools are still often largely segregated, and the academic performance of white students as compared to black and Hispanic students is dramatic: On average, test scores of white students are two grade levels higher than those of black students in the same district, and one- and-a-half grade levels higher than those of Hispanic students, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[See how your district compares in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/04/29/upshot/money-race-and-success-how-your-school-district-compares.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NY Times interactive\u003c/a> visualizing the study's findings.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/trump-seeks-to-slash-education-department-but-make-big-push-for-school-choice/2017/03/15/63b8b6f8-09a1-11e7-b77c-0047d15a24e0_story.html?utm_term=.59efbdb43f3e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">budget proposal \u003c/a>calls for an unprecedented federal investment of $1.4 billion for school choice programs, while simultaneously slashing the Education Department's total budget by a sweeping $9.2 billion — or 13.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His education secretary, Betsy DeVos, a billionaire Republican donor and longtime school choice evangelist, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/03/29/devos-picking-a-school-should-be-like-choosing-among-uber-lyft-or-a-taxi/?utm_term=.ceaff4f40ad8\">compared\u003c/a> private schools to ride-hailing apps like Uber and public schools to traditional taxis. Where one is nimble, competitive and efficient, she says, the other is rickety, expensive and outdated. Simply pouring more money into failing public schools has consistently proved ineffective, she says. (DeVos also recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/03/04/517695605/betsy-devos-school-choice-controversy-historically-black-colleges-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">referred\u003c/a> to historically black colleges as \"pioneers\" of school choice, a statement that didn't go over too well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think ride sharing is the best option for you, the government shouldn’t get in your way,\" she said in March. \"We celebrate the benefits of choices in transportation and lodging. But doesn’t that pale in comparison to the importance of educating the future of our country? Why do we not allow parents to exercise that same right to choice in the education of their child?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/528502918/528502919\" width=\"620\" height=\"200\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of vouchers contend that when given options, parents will choose the highest-performing schools for their children. Competition will force low-performing public schools to improve or risk losing students and funding. Private schools, they argue, are free of many of the bureaucratic and staffing hurdles that traditional public schools contend with, and can operate more independently and cost effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, though, school voucher programs have proved quite controversial. Opponents argue that they siphon much-needed state funding away from public schools and only benefit a select few at the expense of the majority, while largely excluding students with the highest needs. Rather than divert funds from troubled schools, they contend, why not invest in those schools and help them improve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents also note that there's \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2017/02/28/vouchers-not-improve-student-achievement-stanford-researcher-finds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">little evidence\u003c/a> to suggest that students in voucher programs outperform their counterparts. Additionally, critics commonly view government incentives to attend private religious schools as a violation of the separation of church and state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of \u003cem>The California Report's\u003c/em> \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/trump-ed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trump Ed\u003c/a>\" series, reporters John Sepulvado and Ana Tintocalis \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/what-are-your-questions-about-education-in-the-era-of-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently sat down \u003c/a>with a class of students at Sacred Heart Cathedral High School in San Francisco, the kind of school that a student at a nearby underperforming public school might choose to go to if given the opportunity. When asked if they supported the idea of greater school choice, students offered a range of responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='200'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/322735570&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/322735570'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->With news like this, who needs \"House of Cards\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If ever there was a Super Bowl of public affairs events, it happened on Thursday. That's when recently ousted FBI director James Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/08/531643678/comey-accuses-white-house-of-lies-plain-and-simple-about-his-firing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified\u003c/a> before the Senate Intelligence Committee. He pulled no punches, seizing the opportunity to air a formidable list of grievances against President Trump and his administration, and raising the possibility that the president's actions constituted obstruction of justice. Comey spoke as a private citizen just a month after Trump abruptly fired him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1cwdYpTCSz1WLQ0sTJ1nqEu2fxmyzgSu8dvW7xpMjp_s&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"1100\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">A quick glossary of juicy legal jargon\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Obstruction of justice\u003c/strong>: The act of interfering with a federal investigation by attempting to corruptly influence the process. A non-violent obstruction can result \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in a prison sentence \u003c/a>of up to 10 years. 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There's no official legal definition and it's not a crime in and of itself, although it is often linked to criminal actions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Person of interest\u003c/strong>: A term used by law enforcement for someone potentially involved in a criminal investigation who, unlike a \"target,\" has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Back channel\u003c/strong>: A secret, unofficial and often unauthorized means of communication.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even before it officially began, Trump's short presidency has been clouded by an ongoing FBI investigation into Russian influence in the 2016 election, and possible collusion between Trump's campaign and Russian officials. The plot only thickened following revelations that Comey was fired just days after he had reportedly requested more resources to extend the Russia investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey was appointed by President Obama in 2013 to serve a 10-year term. His removal is only the second time a sitting president has ever fired an FBI chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey's firing immediately \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/08MwS3qEu6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drew comparisons\u003c/a> to a notorious incident in October 1973, when embattled President Richard Nixon ordered the firing of the special prosecutor investigating the Watergate scandal. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->With news like this, who needs \"House of Cards\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If ever there was a Super Bowl of public affairs events, it happened on Thursday. That's when recently ousted FBI director James Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/08/531643678/comey-accuses-white-house-of-lies-plain-and-simple-about-his-firing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified\u003c/a> before the Senate Intelligence Committee. He pulled no punches, seizing the opportunity to air a formidable list of grievances against President Trump and his administration, and raising the possibility that the president's actions constituted obstruction of justice. Comey spoke as a private citizen just a month after Trump abruptly fired him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1cwdYpTCSz1WLQ0sTJ1nqEu2fxmyzgSu8dvW7xpMjp_s&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"1100\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">A quick glossary of juicy legal jargon\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Obstruction of justice\u003c/strong>: The act of interfering with a federal investigation by attempting to corruptly influence the process. A non-violent obstruction can result \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in a prison sentence \u003c/a>of up to 10 years. Bill Clinton and Richard Nixon were both accused of obstruction of justice, but never prosecuted (it's actually up for debate whether a sitting president can be criminally prosecuted at all).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Collusion\u003c/strong>: A secret agreement or act of cooperation between two or more parties, often for an illegal or deceitful purpose. There's no official legal definition and it's not a crime in and of itself, although it is often linked to criminal actions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Person of interest\u003c/strong>: A term used by law enforcement for someone potentially involved in a criminal investigation who, unlike a \"target,\" has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Back channel\u003c/strong>: A secret, unofficial and often unauthorized means of communication.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even before it officially began, Trump's short presidency has been clouded by an ongoing FBI investigation into Russian influence in the 2016 election, and possible collusion between Trump's campaign and Russian officials. 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In what became known as the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/11/the-saturday-night-massacre-your-commander-in-chief-has-given-you-an-order/?utm_term=.461af07d3ec2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday Night Massacre\u003c/a>,\" the event triggered a public and political outcry that accelerated Nixon's eventual resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26858\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-160x124.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-800x618.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-768x594.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1020x788.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1180x912.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-960x742.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-240x185.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-375x290.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-520x402.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Washington Post front page from Oct. 21, 1973, in what would become known as the \"Saturday Night Massacre.” \u003ccite>(washingtonpost.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNmwvntMF5A?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent&w=640&h=390]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.” – Daniel Patrick Moynihan\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside>\n\u003cdiv>Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Can-You-Beat-Cognitive-Bias-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: How to\u003c/a>Source:: \u003ca title=\"QUIZ: How Good Are You At Detecting Bias? (with Lesson Plan)\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/09/confirmation-bias/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/BgbF4unoUSI\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Undocumented immigrants and taxes (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Confirmation bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It's a common refrain among tough-on-immigration advocates that undocumented immigrants use up valuable public services while paying next to nothing in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the argument goes, this population of 11 million people living in the U.S. without legal status are essentially freeloading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, among others, has long espoused this view. As a candidate he told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1511/12/cg.02.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do you think an illegal immigrant getting money is going to be paying taxes? Sure, some probably do only because employers are insisting on it. But there's very little percentage wise very little, probably 5 percent, 10 percent. It's a very small amount pay taxes ... Look, they're here illegally. They're not paying taxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface, the claim seems plausible. This is a population that largely lives in the shadows. And it's fair to assume that many undocumented workers are paid under the table, with little incentive to report their earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while this may be the case for some, it certainly does not hold true for the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, tax records show that the federal government receives billions of dollars each year from undocumented workers who pay income taxes and payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 alone, more than 3 million undocumented workers contributed as much as $13 billion to Social Security, even though most won’t be eligible to receive those retirement benefits, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/pdf_notes/note151.pdf\">Social Security Administration\u003c/a> report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many undocumented workers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/09/undocumented-immigrants-and-taxes/499604/\">fake Social Security cards\u003c/a> that they show their employers, who in turn submit W-2 forms and federal tax payments on their behalf. Even if the Social Security numbers don’t actually link to anyone on file, the government gladly accepts the payroll taxes it receives, no questions asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We estimate that earnings by unauthorized immigrants result in a net positive effect on Social Security financial status generally, and that this effect contributed roughly $12 billion to the cash flow of the program for 2010,” the report concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large number of undocumented workers without Social Security numbers also pay federal income taxes through an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, or ITIN, that the Internal Revenue Service issues regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the IRS received \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/20-Immigration%20and%20Taxation.pdf\">$9 billion\u003c/a> in payroll taxes from about \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/677548.pdf\">4 million people \u003c/a>filing ITINs, the vast majority of whom were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to federal tax contributions, the undocumented population also contributes a sizeable portion of state and local taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/05/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\"> report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy found that undocumented immigrants in 2013 also contributed an estimated $11.6 billion in taxes to state and local governments, mostly through sales and property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/9iKKbujuihY\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BgbF4unoUSI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BgbF4unoUSI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Undocumented immigrants and taxes (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Confirmation bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It's a common refrain among tough-on-immigration advocates that undocumented immigrants use up valuable public services while paying next to nothing in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the argument goes, this population of 11 million people living in the U.S. without legal status are essentially freeloading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, among others, has long espoused this view. As a candidate he told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1511/12/cg.02.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do you think an illegal immigrant getting money is going to be paying taxes? Sure, some probably do only because employers are insisting on it. But there's very little percentage wise very little, probably 5 percent, 10 percent. It's a very small amount pay taxes ... Look, they're here illegally. They're not paying taxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface, the claim seems plausible. This is a population that largely lives in the shadows. And it's fair to assume that many undocumented workers are paid under the table, with little incentive to report their earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while this may be the case for some, it certainly does not hold true for the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, tax records show that the federal government receives billions of dollars each year from undocumented workers who pay income taxes and payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 alone, more than 3 million undocumented workers contributed as much as $13 billion to Social Security, even though most won’t be eligible to receive those retirement benefits, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/pdf_notes/note151.pdf\">Social Security Administration\u003c/a> report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many undocumented workers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/09/undocumented-immigrants-and-taxes/499604/\">fake Social Security cards\u003c/a> that they show their employers, who in turn submit W-2 forms and federal tax payments on their behalf. Even if the Social Security numbers don’t actually link to anyone on file, the government gladly accepts the payroll taxes it receives, no questions asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We estimate that earnings by unauthorized immigrants result in a net positive effect on Social Security financial status generally, and that this effect contributed roughly $12 billion to the cash flow of the program for 2010,” the report concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large number of undocumented workers without Social Security numbers also pay federal income taxes through an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, or ITIN, that the Internal Revenue Service issues regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the IRS received \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/20-Immigration%20and%20Taxation.pdf\">$9 billion\u003c/a> in payroll taxes from about \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/677548.pdf\">4 million people \u003c/a>filing ITINs, the vast majority of whom were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to federal tax contributions, the undocumented population also contributes a sizeable portion of state and local taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/05/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\"> report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy found that undocumented immigrants in 2013 also contributed an estimated $11.6 billion in taxes to state and local governments, mostly through sales and property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9iKKbujuihY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9iKKbujuihY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Honest Truth about Fake News ... and How Not to Fall for It (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "The Honest Truth about Fake News ... and How Not to Fall for It (with Lesson Plan)",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nDid you hear that Pope Francis endorsed Donald Trump for president?\u003cbr>\nOr that \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/http:/www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/\">Hillary Clinton sold weapons to ISIS\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/Fake-news-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: How to Fight Fake News (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Crazy, right?\u003cbr>\nAnd … 100 percent false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you were one of the millions of people drawn to a bogus headline in your Facebook feed -- or other social media platform of choice -- and found yourself reading an article on what seemed like a legitimate news site (something like, say, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/http:/www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/\">The Political Insider\u003c/a>, which “reported” the Clinton-ISIS story), then why wouldn’t you believe it? I mean, people you supposedly trust shared it with you and it ranked high in the Google search. How could it be made-up information?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of “fake news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Digital deception\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It comes as little surprise that the web is chock full of commercial click-bait hoaxes: get-rich-quick schemes, free Caribbean cruises, erectile dysfunction treatments ... you name it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as it turns out, the internet is also teeming with bogus information sites that masquerade as real news. And in the run-up to the 2016 election, many of these hoax news posts spread like wildfire. [Snopes, a fact-checking site, maintains \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/\">a comprehensive and growing list of fake news outlets\u003c/a>.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump's contempt for \"the mainstream media,\" an industry he uniformly dismisses as a corrupt, lying \"bunch of phony lowlifes,\" has further obscured the boundaries between fact and fiction. So, too, has his use of Twitter to widely disseminate unsubstantiated allegations and, on numerous occasions, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/personalities/donald-trump/statements/byruling/false/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">downright falsehoods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even President Obama weighed in (while still president), assailing the rapid accumulation of fake news as a \"dust cloud of nonsense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we are not serious about facts, if we can't discriminate between serious arguments and propaganda, than we have problems,\" he said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/17/barack-obama-fake-news-facebook-social-media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent press conference\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fake news, real profit, serious consequences\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In fact, a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook?utm_term=.de3beM1nN#.kikAXPpjm\">BuzzFeed News\u003c/a> analysis of election-related web articles published in the three months before Election Day found that the 20 most popular fake news stories generated significantly more engagement on Facebook (shares, reactions, comments) than did the top 20 real news stories from major news outlets like the Washington Post and New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, the more engagement, the more ad revenue; a major financial incentive for unethical folks with overactive imaginations to whip up ever more outlandish, attention-grabbing conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the analysis, the majority of the most popular and prolific purveyors of fake news -- websites like \u003ca href=\"http://endingthefed.com/\">Ending the Fed\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.infowars.com\">InfoWars\u003c/a> -- are either full-on hoax sites or “hyperpartisan” right-wing platforms that creatively obscure the truth (a handful of left-wing sites were also in the mix).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?attachment_id=24721\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-24721\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3.jpg\" alt=\"sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3.jpg 625w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homepage of \"Ending the Fed,\" a \"hyperpartisan\" right-wing website chock full of fake news stories.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strangely, BuzzFeed also found \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo\">more than 100 U.S. politics websites\u003c/a> run out of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, usually authored by web-savvy, entrepreneurial young people -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo?utm_term=.uoNgBO3Qr#.llVwaxWvM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including teenagers\u003c/a> -- trying to make a fast buck by creatively duping American media consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent notably viral fake news headline espoused an utterly baseless conspiracy theory that a Washington, D.C. family-friendly pizza place was actually a front for a child sex ring run by Hillary Clinton's campaign manager. Michael Flynn, Jr., son of retired U.S. Army Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn -- Trump's pick for national security adviser, and a Clinton-related conspiracy theorist himself -- further promoted the story, while serving on Trump's transition team, by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=805611056009768960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sharing it\u003c/a> with his thousands of Twitter followers. The younger Flynn has since been removed from the transition team due to his aggressive trolling habit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bogus rumor, which became known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2016/dec/05/how-pizzagate-went-fake-news-real-problem-dc-busin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pizzagate\u003c/a>, had some serious ramifications when a man armed with an assault rifle \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2016/12/04/d-c-police-respond-to-report-of-a-man-with-a-gun-at-comet-ping-pong-restaurant/?utm_term=.da23f8cb9a1d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entered the restaurant\u003c/a> on Sunday, Dec. 4 and fired several shots in what he later told police was an attempt to \"self-investigate\" the claim (there were no reported injuries).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And no, you really can't make this stuff up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To what degree the overall proliferation of fake news affected the election results remains unclear. But it almost certainly did have some impact, particularly on undecided voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After initially deflecting criticism that his company bore some level of responsibility for the dramatic spread of political misinformation, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271\">published a post\u003c/a> (on Facebook, of course) less than a week after the election, stating: “We have already launched work enabling our community to flag hoaxes and fake news, and there is more we can do here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, both Google and Facebook \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-alphabet-advertising-idUSKBN1392MM\">announced\u003c/a> new efforts to prevent identifiable fake news sites from using their respective advertising networks to generate revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fake news is nothing new\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Fake news \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/11/fake-news-media-facebook-214459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has long had a presence in\u003c/a> America's media landscape: Since the colonial period, various news outlets have played fast and loose with the truth for commercial or political gain. A particularly notorious era of journalistic misinformation emerged in the 1890s when competing newspapers owned by rival media titans William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer fought mercilessly for the attention of readers by liberally embellishing stories to sell more papers, a style that became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yellow journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the sheer volume of information at our fingertips (and thumbs) today, and the ease with which we can inadvertently spread falsehoods with the simple click of a \"share\" button, puts us in uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Impressionable young minds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Young people are among the most vulnerable and impressionable consumers of this kind of misinformation, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://sheg.stanford.edu/upload/V3LessonPlans/Executive%20Summary%2011.21.16.pdf\">recently released study \u003c/a>by Stanford’s History Education Group. Researchers collected nearly 8,000 responses from middle school, high school and college students -- aka \"digital natives\" -- around the country who were asked to evaluate online information presented in tweets, comments and articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, young people’s ability to reason about the information on the Internet can be summed up in one word: \u003cem>bleak\u003c/em>,\" the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our 'digital natives' may be able to flit between Facebook and Twitter while simultaneously uploading a selfie to Instagram and texting a friend. But when it comes to evaluating information that flows through social media channels, they are easily duped.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers were consistently \"shocked\" by the number of students who couldn’t effectively evaluate the credibility of the information they were presented with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/UYc-hd1QSwA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 80 percent of middle schoolers in the study believed that “native ads” resembling articles were actually real news stories, even though they were labeled “sponsored content.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school students were asked to evaluate a post from a popular image-sharing site featuring a picture of unusually formed daisies and titled \"Fukushima Nuclear Flowers: Not much more to say, this is what happens when flowers get nuclear birth defects.\" Despite the complete lack of attribution or evidence, most students accepted the picture at face value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"imgur-embed-pub\" lang=\"en\" data-id=\"a/BZWWx\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"//imgur.com/BZWWx\">Fukushima Nuclear Flowers\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript src=\"//s.imgur.com/min/embed.js\" async=\"\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They didn't ask where it came from. They didn't verify it. They simply accepted the picture as fact,\" Sam Wineburg, a history and education professor at Stanford University, and the lead author of the study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/23/503129818/study-finds-students-have-dismaying-inability-to-tell-fake-news-from-real\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told NPR\u003c/a> in a recent interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the high school students in the study also couldn't tell the difference between real and fake news sources in their Facebook feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, most college students in the study didn't suspect any kind of bias in a tweet from a left-leaning activist group that cited a public opinion survey on gun ownership and background checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>New polling shows the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NRA\">@NRA\u003c/a> is out of touch with gun owners and their own members \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/wm6weuaCbd\">https://t.co/wm6weuaCbd\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/NRAfail?src=hash\">#NRAfail\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/y4K4r5EcYX\">pic.twitter.com/y4K4r5EcYX\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— MoveOn.org (@MoveOn) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MoveOn/status/666772893846675456\">November 18, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It's incumbent on educators, the study authors note, to show students how to be more discerning about the information they consume. In other words, how to identify fact from fiction and not to be a sucker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the only way we can deal with these kinds of issues are through educational programs and recognizing that the kinds of things that we worry about, the ability to determine what is reliable and not reliable, that is the new basic skill in our society,” said Wineburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along those lines, WNYC's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/otm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Media\u003c/a> made this nifty cheat sheet, which combined with an array of excellent, non-partisan political \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailydot.com/layer8/best-fact-checking-websites/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fact-check sites\u003c/a>, provide the necessary tools to weed out the fake and focus on what's really going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-24720 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png\" alt=\"otm_consumer_handbook_fakenewsedition_800\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-768x768.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-520x520.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.wnyc.org/widgets/ondemand_player/otm/#file=/audio/json/684562/&share=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"130\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nDid you hear that Pope Francis endorsed Donald Trump for president?\u003cbr>\nOr that \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/http:/www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/\">Hillary Clinton sold weapons to ISIS\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/Fake-news-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: How to Fight Fake News (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Crazy, right?\u003cbr>\nAnd … 100 percent false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you were one of the millions of people drawn to a bogus headline in your Facebook feed -- or other social media platform of choice -- and found yourself reading an article on what seemed like a legitimate news site (something like, say, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/http:/www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/\">The Political Insider\u003c/a>, which “reported” the Clinton-ISIS story), then why wouldn’t you believe it? I mean, people you supposedly trust shared it with you and it ranked high in the Google search. How could it be made-up information?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of “fake news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Digital deception\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It comes as little surprise that the web is chock full of commercial click-bait hoaxes: get-rich-quick schemes, free Caribbean cruises, erectile dysfunction treatments ... you name it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as it turns out, the internet is also teeming with bogus information sites that masquerade as real news. And in the run-up to the 2016 election, many of these hoax news posts spread like wildfire. [Snopes, a fact-checking site, maintains \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/\">a comprehensive and growing list of fake news outlets\u003c/a>.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump's contempt for \"the mainstream media,\" an industry he uniformly dismisses as a corrupt, lying \"bunch of phony lowlifes,\" has further obscured the boundaries between fact and fiction. So, too, has his use of Twitter to widely disseminate unsubstantiated allegations and, on numerous occasions, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/personalities/donald-trump/statements/byruling/false/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">downright falsehoods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even President Obama weighed in (while still president), assailing the rapid accumulation of fake news as a \"dust cloud of nonsense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we are not serious about facts, if we can't discriminate between serious arguments and propaganda, than we have problems,\" he said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/17/barack-obama-fake-news-facebook-social-media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent press conference\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fake news, real profit, serious consequences\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In fact, a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook?utm_term=.de3beM1nN#.kikAXPpjm\">BuzzFeed News\u003c/a> analysis of election-related web articles published in the three months before Election Day found that the 20 most popular fake news stories generated significantly more engagement on Facebook (shares, reactions, comments) than did the top 20 real news stories from major news outlets like the Washington Post and New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, the more engagement, the more ad revenue; a major financial incentive for unethical folks with overactive imaginations to whip up ever more outlandish, attention-grabbing conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the analysis, the majority of the most popular and prolific purveyors of fake news -- websites like \u003ca href=\"http://endingthefed.com/\">Ending the Fed\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.infowars.com\">InfoWars\u003c/a> -- are either full-on hoax sites or “hyperpartisan” right-wing platforms that creatively obscure the truth (a handful of left-wing sites were also in the mix).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?attachment_id=24721\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-24721\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3.jpg\" alt=\"sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3.jpg 625w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homepage of \"Ending the Fed,\" a \"hyperpartisan\" right-wing website chock full of fake news stories.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strangely, BuzzFeed also found \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo\">more than 100 U.S. politics websites\u003c/a> run out of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, usually authored by web-savvy, entrepreneurial young people -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo?utm_term=.uoNgBO3Qr#.llVwaxWvM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including teenagers\u003c/a> -- trying to make a fast buck by creatively duping American media consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent notably viral fake news headline espoused an utterly baseless conspiracy theory that a Washington, D.C. family-friendly pizza place was actually a front for a child sex ring run by Hillary Clinton's campaign manager. Michael Flynn, Jr., son of retired U.S. Army Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn -- Trump's pick for national security adviser, and a Clinton-related conspiracy theorist himself -- further promoted the story, while serving on Trump's transition team, by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=805611056009768960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sharing it\u003c/a> with his thousands of Twitter followers. The younger Flynn has since been removed from the transition team due to his aggressive trolling habit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bogus rumor, which became known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2016/dec/05/how-pizzagate-went-fake-news-real-problem-dc-busin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pizzagate\u003c/a>, had some serious ramifications when a man armed with an assault rifle \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2016/12/04/d-c-police-respond-to-report-of-a-man-with-a-gun-at-comet-ping-pong-restaurant/?utm_term=.da23f8cb9a1d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entered the restaurant\u003c/a> on Sunday, Dec. 4 and fired several shots in what he later told police was an attempt to \"self-investigate\" the claim (there were no reported injuries).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And no, you really can't make this stuff up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To what degree the overall proliferation of fake news affected the election results remains unclear. But it almost certainly did have some impact, particularly on undecided voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After initially deflecting criticism that his company bore some level of responsibility for the dramatic spread of political misinformation, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271\">published a post\u003c/a> (on Facebook, of course) less than a week after the election, stating: “We have already launched work enabling our community to flag hoaxes and fake news, and there is more we can do here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, both Google and Facebook \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-alphabet-advertising-idUSKBN1392MM\">announced\u003c/a> new efforts to prevent identifiable fake news sites from using their respective advertising networks to generate revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fake news is nothing new\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Fake news \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/11/fake-news-media-facebook-214459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has long had a presence in\u003c/a> America's media landscape: Since the colonial period, various news outlets have played fast and loose with the truth for commercial or political gain. A particularly notorious era of journalistic misinformation emerged in the 1890s when competing newspapers owned by rival media titans William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer fought mercilessly for the attention of readers by liberally embellishing stories to sell more papers, a style that became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yellow journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the sheer volume of information at our fingertips (and thumbs) today, and the ease with which we can inadvertently spread falsehoods with the simple click of a \"share\" button, puts us in uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Impressionable young minds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Young people are among the most vulnerable and impressionable consumers of this kind of misinformation, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://sheg.stanford.edu/upload/V3LessonPlans/Executive%20Summary%2011.21.16.pdf\">recently released study \u003c/a>by Stanford’s History Education Group. Researchers collected nearly 8,000 responses from middle school, high school and college students -- aka \"digital natives\" -- around the country who were asked to evaluate online information presented in tweets, comments and articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, young people’s ability to reason about the information on the Internet can be summed up in one word: \u003cem>bleak\u003c/em>,\" the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our 'digital natives' may be able to flit between Facebook and Twitter while simultaneously uploading a selfie to Instagram and texting a friend. But when it comes to evaluating information that flows through social media channels, they are easily duped.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers were consistently \"shocked\" by the number of students who couldn’t effectively evaluate the credibility of the information they were presented with.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/UYc-hd1QSwA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/UYc-hd1QSwA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 80 percent of middle schoolers in the study believed that “native ads” resembling articles were actually real news stories, even though they were labeled “sponsored content.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school students were asked to evaluate a post from a popular image-sharing site featuring a picture of unusually formed daisies and titled \"Fukushima Nuclear Flowers: Not much more to say, this is what happens when flowers get nuclear birth defects.\" Despite the complete lack of attribution or evidence, most students accepted the picture at face value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"imgur-embed-pub\" lang=\"en\" data-id=\"a/BZWWx\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"//imgur.com/BZWWx\">Fukushima Nuclear Flowers\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript src=\"//s.imgur.com/min/embed.js\" async=\"\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They didn't ask where it came from. They didn't verify it. They simply accepted the picture as fact,\" Sam Wineburg, a history and education professor at Stanford University, and the lead author of the study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/23/503129818/study-finds-students-have-dismaying-inability-to-tell-fake-news-from-real\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told NPR\u003c/a> in a recent interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the high school students in the study also couldn't tell the difference between real and fake news sources in their Facebook feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, most college students in the study didn't suspect any kind of bias in a tweet from a left-leaning activist group that cited a public opinion survey on gun ownership and background checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>New polling shows the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NRA\">@NRA\u003c/a> is out of touch with gun owners and their own members \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/wm6weuaCbd\">https://t.co/wm6weuaCbd\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/NRAfail?src=hash\">#NRAfail\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/y4K4r5EcYX\">pic.twitter.com/y4K4r5EcYX\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— MoveOn.org (@MoveOn) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MoveOn/status/666772893846675456\">November 18, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It's incumbent on educators, the study authors note, to show students how to be more discerning about the information they consume. In other words, how to identify fact from fiction and not to be a sucker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the only way we can deal with these kinds of issues are through educational programs and recognizing that the kinds of things that we worry about, the ability to determine what is reliable and not reliable, that is the new basic skill in our society,” said Wineburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along those lines, WNYC's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/otm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Media\u003c/a> made this nifty cheat sheet, which combined with an array of excellent, non-partisan political \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailydot.com/layer8/best-fact-checking-websites/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fact-check sites\u003c/a>, provide the necessary tools to weed out the fake and focus on what's really going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-24720 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png\" alt=\"otm_consumer_handbook_fakenewsedition_800\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-768x768.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-520x520.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "From Fox News to the Simpsons: Six Videos Recapping Trump's First 100 Days",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/AkE6S7jZafE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alright, so this is admittedly a lazy post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday marks President Trump's 100th day in office, and I was gearing up to do a whole big thing on it. But, as it turns out, every other media outlet on the planet seems to have beat me to the punch. So I instead sorted through rubble and picked out a bunch of videos that I think nicely sum up Trump's track record thus far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Trump himself recently acknowledged, placing such significance on the first 100 days in the White House is a \"ridiculous standard.\" The ritual started with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who entered office in the midst of the Great Depression and pushed through an impressive torrent of policy measures in his first months that helped jump-start America's crippled economy. He took extraordinary measures to address extraordinary times, and therefore, using the same standard to evaluate the fledgling success of subsequent presidents is a bit of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/04/25/this-is-why-the-first-100-days-is-a-ridiculous-standard-for-judging-presidents/?utm_term=.bf3398171b5d\" target=\"_blank\">superficial construct\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as cliché as it's become, judging a new president's performance during this short time frame does give some indication of his (and likely one day, her) leadership skills and ability hit the ground running and start making good on campaign promises. Which is perhaps why Trump, as a candidate, talked so much about the ambitious agenda he planned for his first 100 days in office. It's also probably why he's continued to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/04/20/trumps-claim-that-no-administration-has-accomplished-more-in-the-first-90-days/?utm_term=.cfdfbd913cce\" target=\"_blank\">make hyperbolic claims\u003c/a> about his accomplishments during this period, even while decrying the convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let's face it, by most accounts -- liberal and conservative alike -- Trump's performance to date has been pretty underwhelming, at least compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sweeping list of \u003c/a>promises he made before taking office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/cx70SuMMN5Y\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, presidents have come into office on a wave of public goodwill and a mandate to lead. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and entered the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. And unlike his predecessors, he also came into office with absolutely no government experience, a fact that's become evident in the mounting number of rookie-move stumbles, infighting and embarrassing setbacks as his administration comes to grips with the harsh reality of Washington politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Trump has indisputably enjoyed a number of notable early accomplishments, including more than a dozen executive orders signed and the confirmation of conservative Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch (albeit with the help of a major rule-change maneuvered by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, making the confirmation vote filibuster-proof).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So without further ado, here's how a host of other media outlets have chosen to capture Trump's first 100 days. And scroll to the bottom of the post to explore the Associated Press' excellent interactive scorecard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Washington Post: By the Numbers\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.washingtonpost.com/video/c/embed/2e8b42bc-26b5-11e7-928e-3624539060e8\" width=\"650\" height=\"350\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fox News: The big challenges\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/jD1x7jliixc\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>New York Times: A 2 minute snapshot\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/uxSPNEYMMv8\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And yes, even the Simpsons ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Qo3fT0xPeHs\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://interactives.ap.org/2017/trump-100-days/\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/AkE6S7jZafE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/AkE6S7jZafE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Alright, so this is admittedly a lazy post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday marks President Trump's 100th day in office, and I was gearing up to do a whole big thing on it. But, as it turns out, every other media outlet on the planet seems to have beat me to the punch. So I instead sorted through rubble and picked out a bunch of videos that I think nicely sum up Trump's track record thus far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Trump himself recently acknowledged, placing such significance on the first 100 days in the White House is a \"ridiculous standard.\" The ritual started with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who entered office in the midst of the Great Depression and pushed through an impressive torrent of policy measures in his first months that helped jump-start America's crippled economy. He took extraordinary measures to address extraordinary times, and therefore, using the same standard to evaluate the fledgling success of subsequent presidents is a bit of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/04/25/this-is-why-the-first-100-days-is-a-ridiculous-standard-for-judging-presidents/?utm_term=.bf3398171b5d\" target=\"_blank\">superficial construct\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as cliché as it's become, judging a new president's performance during this short time frame does give some indication of his (and likely one day, her) leadership skills and ability hit the ground running and start making good on campaign promises. Which is perhaps why Trump, as a candidate, talked so much about the ambitious agenda he planned for his first 100 days in office. It's also probably why he's continued to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/04/20/trumps-claim-that-no-administration-has-accomplished-more-in-the-first-90-days/?utm_term=.cfdfbd913cce\" target=\"_blank\">make hyperbolic claims\u003c/a> about his accomplishments during this period, even while decrying the convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let's face it, by most accounts -- liberal and conservative alike -- Trump's performance to date has been pretty underwhelming, at least compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sweeping list of \u003c/a>promises he made before taking office.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/cx70SuMMN5Y'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/cx70SuMMN5Y'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Traditionally, presidents have come into office on a wave of public goodwill and a mandate to lead. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and entered the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. And unlike his predecessors, he also came into office with absolutely no government experience, a fact that's become evident in the mounting number of rookie-move stumbles, infighting and embarrassing setbacks as his administration comes to grips with the harsh reality of Washington politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Trump has indisputably enjoyed a number of notable early accomplishments, including more than a dozen executive orders signed and the confirmation of conservative Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch (albeit with the help of a major rule-change maneuvered by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, making the confirmation vote filibuster-proof).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So without further ado, here's how a host of other media outlets have chosen to capture Trump's first 100 days. And scroll to the bottom of the post to explore the Associated Press' excellent interactive scorecard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Washington Post: By the Numbers\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.washingtonpost.com/video/c/embed/2e8b42bc-26b5-11e7-928e-3624539060e8\" width=\"650\" height=\"350\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fox News: The big challenges\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jD1x7jliixc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jD1x7jliixc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>New York Times: A 2 minute snapshot\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/uxSPNEYMMv8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/uxSPNEYMMv8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>And yes, even the Simpsons ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Qo3fT0xPeHs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Qo3fT0xPeHs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://interactives.ap.org/2017/trump-100-days/\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "End-of-year Inspiration and Ideas from Young Artists, Writers and Filmmakers",
"headTitle": "End-of-year Inspiration and Ideas from Young Artists, Writers and Filmmakers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Graduation, summer break, new experiences and next steps loom large in the minds of students and educators this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">Youth Media Reporter\u003c/a> together with \u003ca href=\"http://www.thealliance.media/programs/youth-media/\">the Alliance for Media Arts and Culture\u003c/a> have published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">Special Issue\u003c/a> that matches this future-facing mood. The issue is packed with articles, art, images and lesson plans to spark inspiration in the last weeks of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nineteen contributors ranging in ages from 16 to 50+ tackled themes around the question: What are our desired futures? The issue follows The Alliance’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.thealliance.media/resources/50-state-dinner-party-project-toolkit/\">50 State Dinner Party Project\u003c/a>, which used gatherings over a simple dinner as a way to start conversations around civic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This journal contains the desired futures, unforgettable pasts, and unavoidable realities of artists, educators, practitioners, students, and media makers across the country. It is a diary of experiences and dreams,” wrote Myah Overstreet, who edited the special issue. Overstreet is a San Francisco State student and The Alliance’s Producer of Youth Engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These experiences and dreams can also inspire students, educators and classrooms. Below are some ideas for turning youth-created art, poetry and commentary from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">Special Issue\u003c/a> into conversations, model texts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Poem:\u003c/b> \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/the-future-is-a-choir/\">the future is a choir\u003c/a> by Ash Tré Phillips\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips, a 2015 and 2016 Youth Speaks Teen Poetry Slam finalist uses rhythm, repetition, metaphor and accessible language to write about the force of love that unites humanity. The poem is both a model text and conversation starter for middle and high school students alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Essay: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/a-space-of-our-own/\">A Space of Our Own by Kadijah Means\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Means, a Black Lives Matter activist and UC Santa Cruz student, writes about the importance of a “unique and exclusive place for self-expression” for black women. With explicit connections to Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own” and a conversation between two celebrities at a film festival, Means discusses the rarity of such safe spaces and their vital importance. Older high school and college students will find much to discuss and respond to in this thoughtful, multifaceted text that explores historic and current questions of intersectionality and identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Photo essay: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/19/dum-spiro-spero/\">Dum Spiro Spero by Ashley Sanchez \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez, 20, has studied photography since 10th grade. Her powerful photos explore her relationships with her mother and siblings, along with overcoming the struggles of coming out. The powerful, often stark black-and-white images tell a story and provide a model for middle and high school students to explore their own family relationships and identities with images. (For more on communicating with digital photography, check out \u003ca href=\"https://teach.kqed.org/course/communicating-with-photography\">this course on KQED Teach\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Short films: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/mock-identity/\">Mock Identity\u003c/a> by Megan Aubry, \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/the-window/\">The Window\u003c/a> by George Relyea, \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/co2/\">CO2\u003c/a> by Logon Rosson and Madelyn Anne Willardson, and\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/dancing-with-thorns/\"> Dancing with Thorns\u003c/a> by Mary Nejatifar and Peque Curiel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four distinct short films by Salt Lake City high school and college filmmakers from the Spy Hop digital media program examine identity, wellness and the connection to the past, present and future. The films, suitable for mature middle school and high school students, start conversations surrounding these topics and can be used to analyze film-making techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Lesson plan: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/lesson-plan-creative-lens-autoethnography-sessions-clas-part-i/\">Creative Lens Autoethnography Sessions by Andrea Juarez\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez is a San Francisco artist, philanthropist, student and educator whose work centers on participatory action research. This lesson plan for youth ages 16-24 introduces students to the basic concept of autoethnography and creative research methods using PhotoVoice and Digital Ethnography. An introduction to grounding meditation and self-reflective practices is also a key part of this lesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore all of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">the Special Issue\u003c/a>, which also includes a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/lesson-plan-are-teens-age-16-and-older-ready-to-vote/\">lesson plan on lowering the youth voting age \u003c/a>from KQED and articles from educators that explore tools, ideas and theories all centered on the importance of youth media creation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Graduation, summer break, new experiences and next steps loom large in the minds of students and educators this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">Youth Media Reporter\u003c/a> together with \u003ca href=\"http://www.thealliance.media/programs/youth-media/\">the Alliance for Media Arts and Culture\u003c/a> have published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">Special Issue\u003c/a> that matches this future-facing mood. The issue is packed with articles, art, images and lesson plans to spark inspiration in the last weeks of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nineteen contributors ranging in ages from 16 to 50+ tackled themes around the question: What are our desired futures? The issue follows The Alliance’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.thealliance.media/resources/50-state-dinner-party-project-toolkit/\">50 State Dinner Party Project\u003c/a>, which used gatherings over a simple dinner as a way to start conversations around civic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This journal contains the desired futures, unforgettable pasts, and unavoidable realities of artists, educators, practitioners, students, and media makers across the country. It is a diary of experiences and dreams,” wrote Myah Overstreet, who edited the special issue. Overstreet is a San Francisco State student and The Alliance’s Producer of Youth Engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These experiences and dreams can also inspire students, educators and classrooms. Below are some ideas for turning youth-created art, poetry and commentary from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">Special Issue\u003c/a> into conversations, model texts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Poem:\u003c/b> \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/the-future-is-a-choir/\">the future is a choir\u003c/a> by Ash Tré Phillips\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips, a 2015 and 2016 Youth Speaks Teen Poetry Slam finalist uses rhythm, repetition, metaphor and accessible language to write about the force of love that unites humanity. The poem is both a model text and conversation starter for middle and high school students alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Essay: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/a-space-of-our-own/\">A Space of Our Own by Kadijah Means\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Means, a Black Lives Matter activist and UC Santa Cruz student, writes about the importance of a “unique and exclusive place for self-expression” for black women. With explicit connections to Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own” and a conversation between two celebrities at a film festival, Means discusses the rarity of such safe spaces and their vital importance. Older high school and college students will find much to discuss and respond to in this thoughtful, multifaceted text that explores historic and current questions of intersectionality and identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Photo essay: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/19/dum-spiro-spero/\">Dum Spiro Spero by Ashley Sanchez \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez, 20, has studied photography since 10th grade. Her powerful photos explore her relationships with her mother and siblings, along with overcoming the struggles of coming out. The powerful, often stark black-and-white images tell a story and provide a model for middle and high school students to explore their own family relationships and identities with images. (For more on communicating with digital photography, check out \u003ca href=\"https://teach.kqed.org/course/communicating-with-photography\">this course on KQED Teach\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Short films: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/mock-identity/\">Mock Identity\u003c/a> by Megan Aubry, \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/the-window/\">The Window\u003c/a> by George Relyea, \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/co2/\">CO2\u003c/a> by Logon Rosson and Madelyn Anne Willardson, and\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/dancing-with-thorns/\"> Dancing with Thorns\u003c/a> by Mary Nejatifar and Peque Curiel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four distinct short films by Salt Lake City high school and college filmmakers from the Spy Hop digital media program examine identity, wellness and the connection to the past, present and future. The films, suitable for mature middle school and high school students, start conversations surrounding these topics and can be used to analyze film-making techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Lesson plan: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/lesson-plan-creative-lens-autoethnography-sessions-clas-part-i/\">Creative Lens Autoethnography Sessions by Andrea Juarez\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez is a San Francisco artist, philanthropist, student and educator whose work centers on participatory action research. This lesson plan for youth ages 16-24 introduces students to the basic concept of autoethnography and creative research methods using PhotoVoice and Digital Ethnography. An introduction to grounding meditation and self-reflective practices is also a key part of this lesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore all of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">the Special Issue\u003c/a>, which also includes a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/lesson-plan-are-teens-age-16-and-older-ready-to-vote/\">lesson plan on lowering the youth voting age \u003c/a>from KQED and articles from educators that explore tools, ideas and theories all centered on the importance of youth media creation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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