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"content": "\u003cp>There's a grim chapter in American history that involves forced sterilization. And for much of this past century, California had one of the most active sterilization programs in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state law from 1909 authorized the surgery for people judged to have \"mental disease, which may have been inherited.\" That law remained on the books until 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Michigan professor Alexandra Minna Stern has been working to identify people who were forcibly sterilized under California's program. NPR's Ailsa Chang spoke with Stern, who said this idea of eugenics was intended to \"eradicate certain genes from the population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professor describes the program as a historic injustice and called for the state of California to compensate surviving victims of sterilization of relatives of those who are now deceased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The interview highlights contain some extra content that did not air in the broadcast version.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Interview highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how she found the names of all the victims \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names are located in 19 microfilm reels that I happened upon while doing research in Sacramento about seven years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what made her look at the microfilms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've written a book on the history of eugenics in California. But at that point, I still knew very little about the sterilizations themselves; who was sterilized, where did all of the sterilizations take place, how is the policy enacted?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I did a bit of sleuthing and went to the actual departments themselves — the department of mental health in this case, in Sacramento — and was fortunate that someone there directed me to some file cabinets that contained microfilm reels with materials that had been microfilmed over the course of the '60s and '70s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lo and behold, there they were! I was able to begin using them as historical documents and that's how the project started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On whether she found any patterns among the 20,000 names she discovered\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our team (and I should say this is the effort of a research team that includes epidemiologists, historians, digital humanists), we have a found a variety of patterns and we keep discovering more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, we have determined that patients with Spanish surnames were much more likely to be sterilized than other patients, demonstrating that there was a racial bias in the sterilization program. We were also able to show the kinds of diagnoses that were given to patients, how that affected times of sterilization. We're able to look at age of sterilization and also patterns related to gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So there's a whole range of patterns that will help us to understand this pattern of history in California and also how it relates to national dynamics more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273662\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich.jpg\" alt=\"University of Michigan professor Alex Stern has completed a database of thousands recommended for sterilization when California had eugenics laws on the book and she says those alive should be compensated.\" width=\"427\" height=\"320\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273662\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich.jpg 427w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich-375x281.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Michigan professor Alex Stern has completed a database of thousands recommended for sterilization when California had eugenics laws on the book and she says those alive should be compensated. \u003ccite>(Michigan Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what Stern and her team found with regard to age and gender patterns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, we found that people were sterilized at very young ages, that really often the focus was on minors, people as young as 7. The average age of sterilization was the low 20s, so many of these people were 15, 16, 17 and 18. We also found that, as I mentioned before, that the Spanish surname individuals were more likely to be sterilized at younger ages, indicating that there was interest on behalf of the state at targeting them at lower reproductive ages. In terms of gender, that pattern that I just mentioned, pertains to women as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the interesting things that we discovered is that initially, more men were sterilized. It started off as sterilization in general and across the country and in California, focused more on men in the teens and 20s and into the 30s. But by the 1930s, that pattern started to change. So by the '40s and '50s, more women were being sterilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what kinds of \"mental diseases\" were focused on \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's very important to take that terminology with many historic grains of salt. If we go back in time and look at what the terms meant, it often meant people who were not conforming to societal norms, people who were poor, people who lacked education, perhaps didn't speak sufficient English to make it through school, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what it meant for those who were enacting the law were people who were determined to have poor IQs, people with certain psychiatric disorders. But generally, often the way it was used was much more as a catch-all category — so people who just didn't fit, kind of like the misfits of society, so to speak. That's the way they looked at them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back on it, I would say that those who were institutionalized — because many more people where institutionalized than actually sterilized — was because maybe they had a psychiatric condition and they were sent to an institution as was the policy at the time in the mid-20th century. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the most part, this program of eugenics ... the idea of sterilization was to eradicate certain genes from the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On whether anyone among those who were sterilized are still alive\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I haven't found anyone who's still alive. I have been contacted by relatives ... people who contacted me whose aunts or uncles were sterilized at some of these institutions. In the recent paper that my team published, we determined through statistical analysis that it is likely that slightly over 800 people, about 500 women and 300 men, are alive today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those numbers don't map on to exact people, they don't correspond to a precise person. But what we've done, we've generated the most reliable estimates, and based on that estimate and also looking at the timing, we estimate that the majority of these people were sterilized between 1945 and 1949 and their average age is about 88, so fairly old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what we could do is we could go and look at the records. And that's where I'd like to work with the state of California, because we've essentially created a eugenics registry. We can look at the records and identify likely individuals and then reach out and contact them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I, however, would like to mention that two states that have enacted policies for monetary reparations for sterilization victims — North Carolina and Virginia — the states have to lead in kind of creating a committee and a registry. And because it was the state seeking to provide some type of redress and acknowledge this history, the state was able to actively set up a program and seek out and try to identify individuals. So they would come to the state and they would confirm through documentation that they had been sterilized and then receive recognition and monetary compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On if there are indications that California is interested in compensating victims of sterilization\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's indication that the state is interested in this history and is aware of possibility of sterilization abuse. Just three years ago, news broke that about 150 women in two California women's prisons \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/09/20/219366146/calif-seeks-answers-on-questionable-prison-sterilizations\">had been sterilized\u003c/a> without proper consent and proper procedure. That resulted in a state audit in the interest of the state legislators and eventually, a law that was unanimously passed, banning sterilizations except under extreme medical circumstances in California state prisons. So this issue is on the radar screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's easy to forget about these patients who were in these remote institutions in the 1940s and '50s in California. However, I think it behooves the state to not forget this history, and all of us to not forget this history. So hopefully, having this fairly solid number that we've generated of an estimate of likely living survivors could help facilitate that process. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would also be a good idea to think about other forms of recognition of this historical injustice. For example, putting up a historical plaque in Sacramento somewhere to recognize those who were sterilized, or at one of the institutions such as the Sonoma State Home or the Patton State Home, making sure this history is included in K-12 curriculum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. \u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=On+A+%27Eugenics+Registry%2C%27+A+Record+Of+California%27s+Thousands+Of+Sterilizations&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names are located in 19 microfilm reels that I happened upon while doing research in Sacramento about seven years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what made her look at the microfilms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've written a book on the history of eugenics in California. But at that point, I still knew very little about the sterilizations themselves; who was sterilized, where did all of the sterilizations take place, how is the policy enacted?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I did a bit of sleuthing and went to the actual departments themselves — the department of mental health in this case, in Sacramento — and was fortunate that someone there directed me to some file cabinets that contained microfilm reels with materials that had been microfilmed over the course of the '60s and '70s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lo and behold, there they were! I was able to begin using them as historical documents and that's how the project started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On whether she found any patterns among the 20,000 names she discovered\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our team (and I should say this is the effort of a research team that includes epidemiologists, historians, digital humanists), we have a found a variety of patterns and we keep discovering more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, we have determined that patients with Spanish surnames were much more likely to be sterilized than other patients, demonstrating that there was a racial bias in the sterilization program. We were also able to show the kinds of diagnoses that were given to patients, how that affected times of sterilization. We're able to look at age of sterilization and also patterns related to gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So there's a whole range of patterns that will help us to understand this pattern of history in California and also how it relates to national dynamics more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273662\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich.jpg\" alt=\"University of Michigan professor Alex Stern has completed a database of thousands recommended for sterilization when California had eugenics laws on the book and she says those alive should be compensated.\" width=\"427\" height=\"320\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273662\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich.jpg 427w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/12/Alex-Stern-U.-of-Mich-375x281.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Michigan professor Alex Stern has completed a database of thousands recommended for sterilization when California had eugenics laws on the book and she says those alive should be compensated. \u003ccite>(Michigan Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what Stern and her team found with regard to age and gender patterns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, we found that people were sterilized at very young ages, that really often the focus was on minors, people as young as 7. The average age of sterilization was the low 20s, so many of these people were 15, 16, 17 and 18. We also found that, as I mentioned before, that the Spanish surname individuals were more likely to be sterilized at younger ages, indicating that there was interest on behalf of the state at targeting them at lower reproductive ages. In terms of gender, that pattern that I just mentioned, pertains to women as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the interesting things that we discovered is that initially, more men were sterilized. It started off as sterilization in general and across the country and in California, focused more on men in the teens and 20s and into the 30s. But by the 1930s, that pattern started to change. So by the '40s and '50s, more women were being sterilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what kinds of \"mental diseases\" were focused on \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's very important to take that terminology with many historic grains of salt. If we go back in time and look at what the terms meant, it often meant people who were not conforming to societal norms, people who were poor, people who lacked education, perhaps didn't speak sufficient English to make it through school, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what it meant for those who were enacting the law were people who were determined to have poor IQs, people with certain psychiatric disorders. But generally, often the way it was used was much more as a catch-all category — so people who just didn't fit, kind of like the misfits of society, so to speak. That's the way they looked at them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back on it, I would say that those who were institutionalized — because many more people where institutionalized than actually sterilized — was because maybe they had a psychiatric condition and they were sent to an institution as was the policy at the time in the mid-20th century. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the most part, this program of eugenics ... the idea of sterilization was to eradicate certain genes from the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On whether anyone among those who were sterilized are still alive\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I haven't found anyone who's still alive. I have been contacted by relatives ... people who contacted me whose aunts or uncles were sterilized at some of these institutions. In the recent paper that my team published, we determined through statistical analysis that it is likely that slightly over 800 people, about 500 women and 300 men, are alive today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those numbers don't map on to exact people, they don't correspond to a precise person. But what we've done, we've generated the most reliable estimates, and based on that estimate and also looking at the timing, we estimate that the majority of these people were sterilized between 1945 and 1949 and their average age is about 88, so fairly old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what we could do is we could go and look at the records. And that's where I'd like to work with the state of California, because we've essentially created a eugenics registry. We can look at the records and identify likely individuals and then reach out and contact them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I, however, would like to mention that two states that have enacted policies for monetary reparations for sterilization victims — North Carolina and Virginia — the states have to lead in kind of creating a committee and a registry. And because it was the state seeking to provide some type of redress and acknowledge this history, the state was able to actively set up a program and seek out and try to identify individuals. So they would come to the state and they would confirm through documentation that they had been sterilized and then receive recognition and monetary compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On if there are indications that California is interested in compensating victims of sterilization\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's indication that the state is interested in this history and is aware of possibility of sterilization abuse. Just three years ago, news broke that about 150 women in two California women's prisons \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/09/20/219366146/calif-seeks-answers-on-questionable-prison-sterilizations\">had been sterilized\u003c/a> without proper consent and proper procedure. That resulted in a state audit in the interest of the state legislators and eventually, a law that was unanimously passed, banning sterilizations except under extreme medical circumstances in California state prisons. So this issue is on the radar screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's easy to forget about these patients who were in these remote institutions in the 1940s and '50s in California. However, I think it behooves the state to not forget this history, and all of us to not forget this history. So hopefully, having this fairly solid number that we've generated of an estimate of likely living survivors could help facilitate that process. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would also be a good idea to think about other forms of recognition of this historical injustice. For example, putting up a historical plaque in Sacramento somewhere to recognize those who were sterilized, or at one of the institutions such as the Sonoma State Home or the Patton State Home, making sure this history is included in K-12 curriculum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. \u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=On+A+%27Eugenics+Registry%2C%27+A+Record+Of+California%27s+Thousands+Of+Sterilizations&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Leading the Way? Northern California Cities to Embark on Soda Tax Spending",
"title": "Leading the Way? Northern California Cities to Embark on Soda Tax Spending",
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"content": "\u003cp>Asian Health Services, a community health center in Oakland’s buzzing Chinatown, sees about 6,000 dental patients a year. Hundreds of others are on a waiting list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We simply cannot meet the demand,” said Dr. Huong Le, the center’s dental director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now that voters have passed soda taxes in Oakland, Albany and San Francisco, Le and other Bay Area health providers are eyeing millions of dollars in revenue that could help more patients prevent obesity and dental decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area is trying to lead the way in putting soda tax revenues to good use, and cities around the country are watching closely. Some are considering soda taxes of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soda taxes are going to be spreading like wildfire,” said Harold Goldstein, executive director of the Davis-based nonprofit Public Health Advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Berkeley, also in Alameda County, passed the \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/is-berkeleys-new-soda-tax-a-tipping-point-or-an-outlie/\" target=\"_blank\">nation’s first such tax \u003c/a>in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the tax, which takes effect Jan. 1, 2018, is expected to raise up to $15 million annually. Meanwhile in the smaller city of Albany, the tax took effect immediately and is projected to garner $223,000 each year. In Oakland, the penny-per-ounce tax on the distribution of sugar-sweetened beverages is projected to bring in up to $8 million each year, some of which will be used for health education and prevention programs in schools and the community. It takes effect in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We felt this was very important because of the dental needs we see within our patient population,” Le said. “We know there’s a strong link between tooth decay and sugary beverages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The link between sugary beverages and obesity, diabetes and tooth decay is well-established. People who drink one or two cans of sugary drinks per day have a 26 percent greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/sugary-drinks-fact-sheet/\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> by the Harvard School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate study found that for every 12-ounce soda consumed by a child each day, their odds of becoming obese increased by \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11229668\" target=\"_blank\">60 percent\u003c/a>. Soda also has been tied to dental erosion which can lead to cavities, according a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2676420/\" target=\"_blank\">2009 study\u003c/a>. The most frequent sources of erosive acids are soft drinks like cola, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a report earlier this this year, an oversight commission criticized the state’s dental program for the poor, finding that California is seeing an “epidemic of tooth disease in which toddlers by the thousands have mouthfuls of cavities, children and adults are plagued with toothaches.” This is made worse when families struggle to get an appointment with a dentist, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland and the rest of Alameda County, \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/board/bos_calendar/documents/DocsAgendaReg_7_14_14/HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICES/Regular%20Calendar/Alameda_County_Report_Exec_Summ_Obesity_Rpt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one third\u003c/a> of children consume one or more sugary drinks a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s city council will establish a community advisory board to oversee the distribution of soda tax money, and local health advocates want to make sure they’re well-represented, Le said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/soda-taxes-gaining-steam-or-getting-steamrolled/\" target=\"_blank\">Goldstein\u003c/a> said the fact that measures recently passed in all three Bay Area cities by a notable margin — in Oakland the tax was approved with 61 percent of the vote — shows that Californians grasp the harmful effects of sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soda taxes, he said, are significant because they raise money to be used in the fight against obesity and other chronic conditions, and they reduce the consumption of sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Berkeley’s low-income neighborhoods, the consumption of soda and other sweetened beverages decreased by 21 percent in the months after the 2014 tax began, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303362\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also showed a 63 percent increase in the consumption of bottled or tap water. It is not clear whether these results are due to the higher retail prices of sugary drinks or to the increased awareness on the health effects associated with the beverages, the study notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldstein said similar outcomes can be expected in Oakland, San Francisco and Albany, as well as in Boulder, Colo., where voters also passed a similar tax in November. This drives up the total number of cities with soda taxes to six — Philadelphia passed a 1.5 cents-per-ounce tax in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Beverage Association, which has lobbied heavily against soda taxes nationwide, doesn’t see a movement. Spokeswoman Lauren Kane said that \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-beverages-sodatax-bloomberg-idUSKCN0Z3275\" target=\"_blank\">43 soda tax proposals have been rejected \u003c/a>since 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The association will continue to focus on reducing calories and sugar in beverages, Kane said. These taxes, Kane said, are only a Band-Aid solution to the larger national obesity problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are a start, said Elizabeth Bautista, a health educator at La Clinica, a health center in Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood, home to the city’ largest Latino population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bautista and 15 volunteer health educators known as promotoras engaged their community in the soda tax discussion by going door-to-door and making hundreds of calls to registered voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge now, Bautista said, is to continue to motivate people to choose alternatives to sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The promotoras often share stories of what they see in the field: toddlers with soda in their bottles, and families walking out of dollar stores with grocery bags full of juices and sports drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a serious problem in our community, and there is so much misinformation floating around,” Bautista said. She often hears from families that fruit-flavored sodas are not as harmful as dark sodas. “That of course is not true; that’s a myth we have to eliminate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Reyes, one of the promotoras, said the clinic is starting additional nutrition and physical activity classes — a healthy cooking class, for example, is expected to be of great interest. These are the type of activities that could be expanded by funds from the soda tax, Reyes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes believes soda tax advocates in Oakland learned a lot from battles lost in other California cities, such as Richmond and El Monte, where voters rejected soda taxes in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learned that we needed a coalition and that we needed to focus the discussion on diabetes and obesity prevention,” Reyes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The promotoras say they are now hearing from community groups in Contra Costa cities interested in following in their footsteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big win,” Reyes said. “Once we start seeing results, I think more cities will join us.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nThis story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Asian Health Services, a community health center in Oakland’s buzzing Chinatown, sees about 6,000 dental patients a year. Hundreds of others are on a waiting list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We simply cannot meet the demand,” said Dr. Huong Le, the center’s dental director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now that voters have passed soda taxes in Oakland, Albany and San Francisco, Le and other Bay Area health providers are eyeing millions of dollars in revenue that could help more patients prevent obesity and dental decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area is trying to lead the way in putting soda tax revenues to good use, and cities around the country are watching closely. Some are considering soda taxes of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soda taxes are going to be spreading like wildfire,” said Harold Goldstein, executive director of the Davis-based nonprofit Public Health Advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Berkeley, also in Alameda County, passed the \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/is-berkeleys-new-soda-tax-a-tipping-point-or-an-outlie/\" target=\"_blank\">nation’s first such tax \u003c/a>in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the tax, which takes effect Jan. 1, 2018, is expected to raise up to $15 million annually. Meanwhile in the smaller city of Albany, the tax took effect immediately and is projected to garner $223,000 each year. In Oakland, the penny-per-ounce tax on the distribution of sugar-sweetened beverages is projected to bring in up to $8 million each year, some of which will be used for health education and prevention programs in schools and the community. It takes effect in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We felt this was very important because of the dental needs we see within our patient population,” Le said. “We know there’s a strong link between tooth decay and sugary beverages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The link between sugary beverages and obesity, diabetes and tooth decay is well-established. People who drink one or two cans of sugary drinks per day have a 26 percent greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/sugary-drinks-fact-sheet/\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> by the Harvard School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate study found that for every 12-ounce soda consumed by a child each day, their odds of becoming obese increased by \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11229668\" target=\"_blank\">60 percent\u003c/a>. Soda also has been tied to dental erosion which can lead to cavities, according a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2676420/\" target=\"_blank\">2009 study\u003c/a>. The most frequent sources of erosive acids are soft drinks like cola, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a report earlier this this year, an oversight commission criticized the state’s dental program for the poor, finding that California is seeing an “epidemic of tooth disease in which toddlers by the thousands have mouthfuls of cavities, children and adults are plagued with toothaches.” This is made worse when families struggle to get an appointment with a dentist, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland and the rest of Alameda County, \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/board/bos_calendar/documents/DocsAgendaReg_7_14_14/HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICES/Regular%20Calendar/Alameda_County_Report_Exec_Summ_Obesity_Rpt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one third\u003c/a> of children consume one or more sugary drinks a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s city council will establish a community advisory board to oversee the distribution of soda tax money, and local health advocates want to make sure they’re well-represented, Le said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/soda-taxes-gaining-steam-or-getting-steamrolled/\" target=\"_blank\">Goldstein\u003c/a> said the fact that measures recently passed in all three Bay Area cities by a notable margin — in Oakland the tax was approved with 61 percent of the vote — shows that Californians grasp the harmful effects of sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soda taxes, he said, are significant because they raise money to be used in the fight against obesity and other chronic conditions, and they reduce the consumption of sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Berkeley’s low-income neighborhoods, the consumption of soda and other sweetened beverages decreased by 21 percent in the months after the 2014 tax began, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303362\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also showed a 63 percent increase in the consumption of bottled or tap water. It is not clear whether these results are due to the higher retail prices of sugary drinks or to the increased awareness on the health effects associated with the beverages, the study notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldstein said similar outcomes can be expected in Oakland, San Francisco and Albany, as well as in Boulder, Colo., where voters also passed a similar tax in November. This drives up the total number of cities with soda taxes to six — Philadelphia passed a 1.5 cents-per-ounce tax in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Beverage Association, which has lobbied heavily against soda taxes nationwide, doesn’t see a movement. Spokeswoman Lauren Kane said that \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-beverages-sodatax-bloomberg-idUSKCN0Z3275\" target=\"_blank\">43 soda tax proposals have been rejected \u003c/a>since 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The association will continue to focus on reducing calories and sugar in beverages, Kane said. These taxes, Kane said, are only a Band-Aid solution to the larger national obesity problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are a start, said Elizabeth Bautista, a health educator at La Clinica, a health center in Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood, home to the city’ largest Latino population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bautista and 15 volunteer health educators known as promotoras engaged their community in the soda tax discussion by going door-to-door and making hundreds of calls to registered voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge now, Bautista said, is to continue to motivate people to choose alternatives to sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The promotoras often share stories of what they see in the field: toddlers with soda in their bottles, and families walking out of dollar stores with grocery bags full of juices and sports drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a serious problem in our community, and there is so much misinformation floating around,” Bautista said. She often hears from families that fruit-flavored sodas are not as harmful as dark sodas. “That of course is not true; that’s a myth we have to eliminate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Reyes, one of the promotoras, said the clinic is starting additional nutrition and physical activity classes — a healthy cooking class, for example, is expected to be of great interest. These are the type of activities that could be expanded by funds from the soda tax, Reyes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes believes soda tax advocates in Oakland learned a lot from battles lost in other California cities, such as Richmond and El Monte, where voters rejected soda taxes in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learned that we needed a coalition and that we needed to focus the discussion on diabetes and obesity prevention,” Reyes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The promotoras say they are now hearing from community groups in Contra Costa cities interested in following in their footsteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big win,” Reyes said. “Once we start seeing results, I think more cities will join us.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nThis story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Brittany Jones is burrowed into her seat on a BART car, catching some sleep before the morning commuters arrive. As the car starts to fill with people, she finally pulls down her jacket, uncovering her face. The whoosh of the doors, the sweaty surge of denim and backpacks: This is her alarm clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is 24, a student at Laney College in Oakland, and homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To study and survive at the same time, she must answer the same questions over and over. Can she afford dinner tonight? Will she be able to sit next to the secret outlet in the BART car so she can charge her phone? Can she get a job that still allows her to go to class and keep her grades up? These are just some of the challenges Jones and other homeless college students face in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297579027″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”400″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many undergraduates, homeless college students are young, ambitious and wracked by insecurities about their identities and futures. But their specific insecurity is chronic and exhausting: They live in cars, couch surf and sneak into campus buildings to spend the night. Unfortunately, these experiences are more common than many ever suspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It’s hard, it’s really hard’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://cceal.org/food-housing-report/\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> released Dec. 5 reveals that one out of three community college students in California grapples with some form of housing insecurity, up to and including homelessness. Black men, Southeast Asians and multiethnic students are particularly affected, according to the report from the \u003ca href=\"http://cceal.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Community College Equity Assessment Lab\u003c/a> at San Diego State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t remember what home feels like,” said 24-year-old Ebony Ortega, an ethnic studies major at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco State University\u003c/a>. Ortega sleeps in her car, at friends’ apartments or at secret spots on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been quite some few years since I’ve felt like there’s some sort of comfort, security and just stability,” she added. “It’s hard, it’s really hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11211331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11211331\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Ebony Ortega, a college student at San Francisco State University experiencing housing insecurity, studies on her computer during her work breaks. Ortega currently works at a Starbucks in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ebony Ortega, a college student at San Francisco State University experiencing housing insecurity, studies on her computer during her work breaks. Ortega currently works at a Starbucks in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationally, more than 56,000 students identified as homeless on their 2013-2014 Federal Student Aid forms. But experts believe that’s an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many students do not check that box on their financial aid either because they don’t know it’s there, or they don’t think of themselves as homeless,” said \u003ca href=\"https://web.csulb.edu/colleges/chhs/departments/social-work/staff-and-faculty/RashidaCrutchfield.html\" target=\"_blank\">Rashida Crutchfield\u003c/a>, an assistant professor in the School of Social Work at California State University, Long Beach. Students who couch surf, for example, might not realize they are technically homeless, or may resist the stigma of that label.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Invisible Population\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another study found that one reason the population is hard to quantify is because these students are “invisible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Brittany Jones nor Ebony Ortega fits the stereotypical image conjured up by the word “homeless.” Ortega cultivates a punk-rock look and works long shifts at a Starbucks in downtown San Francisco. She spends her paycheck on tuition instead of rent, because she can’t afford both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My parents did not just come here for me to hang out, and just have some regular working-class job,” Ortega said. Her parents immigrated from Mexico, and she grew up poor in Palmdale (Los Angeles County).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/08/homelessu-a-college-students-life-without-shelter/\" target=\"_blank\">PHOTOS: A Day in the Life of a Homeless College Student\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/08/homelessu-a-college-students-life-without-shelter/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/BrittanyJones800.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Follow a day in the life of homeless Laney College student Brittany Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/08/homelessu-a-college-students-life-without-shelter/\" target=\"_blank\">Homeless U: Homework Without A Home\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I get scared that if I stop, I won’t be able to get up and do what I do now,” she added. “I’m already this far. So it’s just like, I might as well keep going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, for her part, takes pains with her thrift-store outfits, and sports a new hairstyle practically every week. She’s acutely conscious of her hygiene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t feel like just because I’m homeless that I have to look the part,” she said, while walking by a tent encampment under a freeway in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Jones grew up at great risk for homelessness: Her mother died when she was 5, and her father was fatally shot when she was just a newborn. She spent years in foster care, and since age 19 has essentially been homeless: bouncing between relatives, group homes and shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Trunk-Sized Safe Space\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year ago, Jones had a bed in a transitional home for former foster youth. She explained she lost that spot when she broke the rules, letting a guest in when she wasn’t supposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, she sleeps where she can: couches and floors when they’re offered, buses and BART trains when they’re not. She always carries a change of clothes, laundry detergent and toiletries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, Jones stayed up all night on a San Francisco pier, and a week before that at a 24-hour Carl’s Jr. When that happens, she heads to a BART station by 4 a.m., to catch the day’s first train. Aside from a friend’s apartment, it’s the only place she feels safe actually falling asleep. A few hours later, she wakes and drags herself off, eager to avoid the stares of the rush-hour crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qX6cO3dkrSWbMdIuXgcrvh51LvzEiRWM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After graduating from high school in Antioch, Jones wasn’t convinced college was for her. Instead, she came to the conclusion gradually while working overnight jobs as a security guard or grocery stocker. Years went by, but she never advanced financially or professionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to go to college to better myself, honestly,” Jones said. “I want to be in a totally better situation. I know school is the key.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.laney.edu/wp/\" target=\"_blank\">Laney College\u003c/a>, near Lake Merritt in Oakland, one of her “safe zones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This semester she is taking an English class and a life-skills class. As a low-income student, she receives a monthly food stipend for the campus cafeteria. But none of her classmates know she is homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones has another safe zone: a stuffy storage locker no bigger than a car trunk in industrial West Oakland. She’ll spend a few hours a day there doing homework, organizing her belongings or writing in her journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Moving Forward\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As more colleges and universities gain an understanding of the scope of housing and food insecurity among their students, they’re experimenting with solutions. Some campuses have established \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article41478480.html\" target=\"_blank\">food pantries\u003c/a>, and others provide short-term housing for students in crisis, or those who have nowhere to go for the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, California enacted new laws to assist homeless college students. Community colleges, for example, must grant homeless students priority when registering for classes, allow them \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/09/21/governor-signs-bills-to-help-homeless-college-students-and-boost-4-year-graduation-rates/\" target=\"_blank\">access to campus showers\u003c/a> and designate a staff person to assist them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are also organizing: UC Berkeley now has a Homeless Student Union, and in October two UCLA students opened the Bruin Shelter in Santa Monica for anyone enrolled at UCLA or other schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James de la Nueve, a civil engineering student at Santa Monica College, is one of the shelter’s first residents. He was kicked out of his house after a family fight, and said the shelter helps keep him focused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to be on the academic track,” he said. “I’m not trying to continue being on the streets forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rashida Crutchfield at CSU Long Beach likes the idea of a college shelter, but said it’s not enough. If she were a student, she said, “It’s important to maybe catch me before I’m homeless and make sure I’m getting the financial support that I need, or getting access to support services that I need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11211588\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11211588\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Residents and volunteers study at the Bruin Shelter, a new shelter for homeless college students in Santa Monica.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents and volunteers study at the Bruin Shelter, a new shelter for homeless college students in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Internal Support\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Brittany Jones, the daily search for shelter is an awkward social tiptoe. She sends texts to friends and relatives every evening, hoping one will ping her back and offer her a place to stay. She doesn’t want to ask outright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like to like wear out my welcome,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although her parents are dead, Jones has mental conversations with them every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like they’re the ones listening to me,” she explained. “I like to look in the mirror and talk to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a home, Jones has constructed an internal shelter made up of memories, role models, and her hopes and dreams for a college degree, perhaps in business or social work. “I just try to be, like, my own support system. Be my own encouragement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11211593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11211593\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Brittany Jones, a homeless student at Laney College, arrives at her grandmother’s house in Richmond to wait until she knows where she’ll be staying for the night.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-960x688.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brittany Jones, a homeless student at Laney College, arrives at her grandmother’s house in Richmond to wait until she knows where she’ll be staying for the night. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting by April Dembosky and Ana Tintocalis\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Brittany Jones is burrowed into her seat on a BART car, catching some sleep before the morning commuters arrive. As the car starts to fill with people, she finally pulls down her jacket, uncovering her face. The whoosh of the doors, the sweaty surge of denim and backpacks: This is her alarm clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is 24, a student at Laney College in Oakland, and homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To study and survive at the same time, she must answer the same questions over and over. Can she afford dinner tonight? Will she be able to sit next to the secret outlet in the BART car so she can charge her phone? Can she get a job that still allows her to go to class and keep her grades up? These are just some of the challenges Jones and other homeless college students face in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”400″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297579027″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297579027″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many undergraduates, homeless college students are young, ambitious and wracked by insecurities about their identities and futures. But their specific insecurity is chronic and exhausting: They live in cars, couch surf and sneak into campus buildings to spend the night. Unfortunately, these experiences are more common than many ever suspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It’s hard, it’s really hard’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://cceal.org/food-housing-report/\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> released Dec. 5 reveals that one out of three community college students in California grapples with some form of housing insecurity, up to and including homelessness. Black men, Southeast Asians and multiethnic students are particularly affected, according to the report from the \u003ca href=\"http://cceal.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Community College Equity Assessment Lab\u003c/a> at San Diego State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t remember what home feels like,” said 24-year-old Ebony Ortega, an ethnic studies major at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco State University\u003c/a>. Ortega sleeps in her car, at friends’ apartments or at secret spots on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been quite some few years since I’ve felt like there’s some sort of comfort, security and just stability,” she added. “It’s hard, it’s really hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11211331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11211331\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Ebony Ortega, a college student at San Francisco State University experiencing housing insecurity, studies on her computer during her work breaks. Ortega currently works at a Starbucks in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23167_161201_EbonyOrtega_bhs02-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ebony Ortega, a college student at San Francisco State University experiencing housing insecurity, studies on her computer during her work breaks. Ortega currently works at a Starbucks in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationally, more than 56,000 students identified as homeless on their 2013-2014 Federal Student Aid forms. But experts believe that’s an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many students do not check that box on their financial aid either because they don’t know it’s there, or they don’t think of themselves as homeless,” said \u003ca href=\"https://web.csulb.edu/colleges/chhs/departments/social-work/staff-and-faculty/RashidaCrutchfield.html\" target=\"_blank\">Rashida Crutchfield\u003c/a>, an assistant professor in the School of Social Work at California State University, Long Beach. Students who couch surf, for example, might not realize they are technically homeless, or may resist the stigma of that label.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Invisible Population\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another study found that one reason the population is hard to quantify is because these students are “invisible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Brittany Jones nor Ebony Ortega fits the stereotypical image conjured up by the word “homeless.” Ortega cultivates a punk-rock look and works long shifts at a Starbucks in downtown San Francisco. She spends her paycheck on tuition instead of rent, because she can’t afford both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My parents did not just come here for me to hang out, and just have some regular working-class job,” Ortega said. Her parents immigrated from Mexico, and she grew up poor in Palmdale (Los Angeles County).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/08/homelessu-a-college-students-life-without-shelter/\" target=\"_blank\">PHOTOS: A Day in the Life of a Homeless College Student\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/08/homelessu-a-college-students-life-without-shelter/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/BrittanyJones800.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Follow a day in the life of homeless Laney College student Brittany Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/08/homelessu-a-college-students-life-without-shelter/\" target=\"_blank\">Homeless U: Homework Without A Home\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I get scared that if I stop, I won’t be able to get up and do what I do now,” she added. “I’m already this far. So it’s just like, I might as well keep going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, for her part, takes pains with her thrift-store outfits, and sports a new hairstyle practically every week. She’s acutely conscious of her hygiene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t feel like just because I’m homeless that I have to look the part,” she said, while walking by a tent encampment under a freeway in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Jones grew up at great risk for homelessness: Her mother died when she was 5, and her father was fatally shot when she was just a newborn. She spent years in foster care, and since age 19 has essentially been homeless: bouncing between relatives, group homes and shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Trunk-Sized Safe Space\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year ago, Jones had a bed in a transitional home for former foster youth. She explained she lost that spot when she broke the rules, letting a guest in when she wasn’t supposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, she sleeps where she can: couches and floors when they’re offered, buses and BART trains when they’re not. She always carries a change of clothes, laundry detergent and toiletries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, Jones stayed up all night on a San Francisco pier, and a week before that at a 24-hour Carl’s Jr. When that happens, she heads to a BART station by 4 a.m., to catch the day’s first train. Aside from a friend’s apartment, it’s the only place she feels safe actually falling asleep. A few hours later, she wakes and drags herself off, eager to avoid the stares of the rush-hour crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After graduating from high school in Antioch, Jones wasn’t convinced college was for her. Instead, she came to the conclusion gradually while working overnight jobs as a security guard or grocery stocker. Years went by, but she never advanced financially or professionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to go to college to better myself, honestly,” Jones said. “I want to be in a totally better situation. I know school is the key.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.laney.edu/wp/\" target=\"_blank\">Laney College\u003c/a>, near Lake Merritt in Oakland, one of her “safe zones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This semester she is taking an English class and a life-skills class. As a low-income student, she receives a monthly food stipend for the campus cafeteria. But none of her classmates know she is homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones has another safe zone: a stuffy storage locker no bigger than a car trunk in industrial West Oakland. She’ll spend a few hours a day there doing homework, organizing her belongings or writing in her journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Moving Forward\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As more colleges and universities gain an understanding of the scope of housing and food insecurity among their students, they’re experimenting with solutions. Some campuses have established \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article41478480.html\" target=\"_blank\">food pantries\u003c/a>, and others provide short-term housing for students in crisis, or those who have nowhere to go for the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, California enacted new laws to assist homeless college students. Community colleges, for example, must grant homeless students priority when registering for classes, allow them \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/09/21/governor-signs-bills-to-help-homeless-college-students-and-boost-4-year-graduation-rates/\" target=\"_blank\">access to campus showers\u003c/a> and designate a staff person to assist them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are also organizing: UC Berkeley now has a Homeless Student Union, and in October two UCLA students opened the Bruin Shelter in Santa Monica for anyone enrolled at UCLA or other schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James de la Nueve, a civil engineering student at Santa Monica College, is one of the shelter’s first residents. He was kicked out of his house after a family fight, and said the shelter helps keep him focused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to be on the academic track,” he said. “I’m not trying to continue being on the streets forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rashida Crutchfield at CSU Long Beach likes the idea of a college shelter, but said it’s not enough. If she were a student, she said, “It’s important to maybe catch me before I’m homeless and make sure I’m getting the financial support that I need, or getting access to support services that I need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11211588\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11211588\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Residents and volunteers study at the Bruin Shelter, a new shelter for homeless college students in Santa Monica.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS23255_IMG_2158-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents and volunteers study at the Bruin Shelter, a new shelter for homeless college students in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Internal Support\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Brittany Jones, the daily search for shelter is an awkward social tiptoe. She sends texts to friends and relatives every evening, hoping one will ping her back and offer her a place to stay. She doesn’t want to ask outright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like to like wear out my welcome,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although her parents are dead, Jones has mental conversations with them every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like they’re the ones listening to me,” she explained. “I like to look in the mirror and talk to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a home, Jones has constructed an internal shelter made up of memories, role models, and her hopes and dreams for a college degree, perhaps in business or social work. “I just try to be, like, my own support system. Be my own encouragement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11211593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11211593\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Brittany Jones, a homeless student at Laney College, arrives at her grandmother’s house in Richmond to wait until she knows where she’ll be staying for the night.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-960x688.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS22986_161129_BrittanyJones_bhs24-qut-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brittany Jones, a homeless student at Laney College, arrives at her grandmother’s house in Richmond to wait until she knows where she’ll be staying for the night. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting by April Dembosky and Ana Tintocalis\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The number of seniors in California is expected to more than double by 2060, from roughly 5 million to 12 million. A new report from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Legislative Analyst's Office \u003c/a>says this future senior population will be more racially diverse than seniors in the U.S. as a whole: the state's elderly population is projected to become majority nonwhite as soon as 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proportion of these future seniors who are disabled will also increase. That's because nonwhite populations have higher disability rates. Seniors are also expected to live longer, and seniors over age 85 experience higher disability rates as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, this will present new and difficult challenges for California in providing long-term care for these seniors, the report concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report explains that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Seniors are now about 13 percent of the state population. By 2060, they will be 24 percent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California's Medicaid program, \u003ca href=\"http://www.coveredca.com/medi-cal/\" target=\"_blank\">Medi-Cal\u003c/a>, already spends $14 billion a year on disability services (for all ages). The federal government picks up about half of this cost.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Education matters: More educated seniors experience less disability as they age, and educational levels among California seniors are projected to increase over time, which will somewhat offset the impact of other disabling factors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Unpaid caregivers will be crucial: There will be fewer working-age adults per senior in California in the future, so non-disabled seniors may be tapped to do more to care for their disabled counterparts.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The report merely lays out the problem -- there's no conjecture on what the financial impact will be for Medi-Cal or the state. \"Such projections are not available at this time,\" the report's author, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/staff/AssignmentDetail/11\" target=\"_blank\">Mac Taylor\u003c/a>, concludes, although he might look into it someday, \"subject to available data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=332689844 key=key-6N5mtis3iWAZmjsZ12Le mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The number of seniors in California is expected to more than double by 2060, from roughly 5 million to 12 million. A new report from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Legislative Analyst's Office \u003c/a>says this future senior population will be more racially diverse than seniors in the U.S. as a whole: the state's elderly population is projected to become majority nonwhite as soon as 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proportion of these future seniors who are disabled will also increase. That's because nonwhite populations have higher disability rates. Seniors are also expected to live longer, and seniors over age 85 experience higher disability rates as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, this will present new and difficult challenges for California in providing long-term care for these seniors, the report concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report explains that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Seniors are now about 13 percent of the state population. By 2060, they will be 24 percent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California's Medicaid program, \u003ca href=\"http://www.coveredca.com/medi-cal/\" target=\"_blank\">Medi-Cal\u003c/a>, already spends $14 billion a year on disability services (for all ages). The federal government picks up about half of this cost.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Education matters: More educated seniors experience less disability as they age, and educational levels among California seniors are projected to increase over time, which will somewhat offset the impact of other disabling factors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Unpaid caregivers will be crucial: There will be fewer working-age adults per senior in California in the future, so non-disabled seniors may be tapped to do more to care for their disabled counterparts.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The report merely lays out the problem -- there's no conjecture on what the financial impact will be for Medi-Cal or the state. \"Such projections are not available at this time,\" the report's author, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/staff/AssignmentDetail/11\" target=\"_blank\">Mac Taylor\u003c/a>, concludes, although he might look into it someday, \"subject to available data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Loneliness can be a problem for older people, especially when they're in the hospital. Their children may have moved away. Spouses and friends may themselves be too frail to visit. So a California hospital is providing volunteer companions in the geriatric unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the volunteers at the UCLA Medical Center in Santa Monica is 24-year-old Julia Torrano. She hopes to go to medical school. Meanwhile, her twice-weekly volunteer shifts give her a lot of practice working with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is Estelle Day. She's 79 years old, a slender woman with a wild mane of hair that is still mostly red. Torrano peppers her with questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where were you originally from?\" asks Torrano. Day replies that she grew up on Long Island in New York. Torrano also wants to know how Day met her husband, where she learned to play the harp, where her travels have taken her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day is happy to answer everything. She says she likes people and describes herself as \"windbaggy.\" That's especially true if she's talking about playing music. She is a lifelong musician and retired music teacher. She plays harp and guitar, but her favorite instrument is the pipe organ. \"To be able to rock a building under your hands and your feet is exciting,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was Day's fifth day as a patient in the geriatric unit. She says multiple chronic conditions brought her here, but she didn't want to name them. Visible were a bulky back brace she wears for her osteoporosis, an IV drip and a heart monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that heart monitor suddenly began beeping, Torrano was out of the room like a shot. She returned seconds later with a nurse who solved the problem with the push of a button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/500222611/502841593\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torrano and the other volunteer companions aren't just candy stripers, bringing snacks and magazines. She knew what to do when the heart monitor started beeping because, like all of the volunteers in this program, she's been trained. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.geronet.ucla.edu/research/researchers/476\">Dr. David Reuben\u003c/a>, chief of geriatrics at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA explains: \"Just because you're willing to do something doesn't mean you know how to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers learn about medical confidentiality, what to do in an emergency, and how to interact with patients, including patients with dementia. Reuben says they go through a \"vigorous training process and vetting process before we allow them to be with patients.\" There are nearly three dozen volunteers so far. The program started just a few months ago, and the hospital plans to expand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loneliness is a legitimate medical issue. There are a number of studies linking loneliness and social isolation in old people to poorer health and earlier death, including one published earlier this month in \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2575729\">JAMA Psychiatry\u003c/a> associating loneliness, social isolation and brain changes typical in Alzheimer's. Reuben cautions that those studies weren't done in a hospital setting. Nevertheless, he says, \"you might suspect that being more engaged, more energized ... might promote a speedier recovery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now the hospital is designing studies to find out if the volunteer companionship improves medical outcomes, or at least improves the patient's experience in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torrano says she'll sometimes spend her entire four-hour shift with a single patient. Like Estelle Day, many are happy to share their life stories. She remembers one man in particular who had been a political prisoner in Iran. He'd run an underground newspaper. \"He was in jail so much,\" she recalls, yet he told her he also misses Iran. \"Even though it was very traumatic, he still wishes he was there,\" Torrano says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estelle Day says she's not especially lonely, but she has been alone much of the time since she was admitted to the geriatric unit. So it helps to have a companion who will not only listen to her life story, but can also troubleshoot the little problems that can make life in a hospital such a challenge. \"Somebody who is sensitive and tuned-in and is very helpful,\" explains Day, the way Torrano was when Day's heart monitor started acting up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And companionship can take many forms. On the day of Torrano's visit, one of Day's most pressing issues was fixing her hair. It had been shoved up in a rubber band since she was admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with Day's encouragement, Torrano picks up a comb and gently begins detangling. Whatever it takes to make the patient look good and feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hospital+Companions+Can+Ease+Isolation+For+Older+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Loneliness can be a problem for older people, especially when they're in the hospital. Their children may have moved away. Spouses and friends may themselves be too frail to visit. So a California hospital is providing volunteer companions in the geriatric unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the volunteers at the UCLA Medical Center in Santa Monica is 24-year-old Julia Torrano. She hopes to go to medical school. Meanwhile, her twice-weekly volunteer shifts give her a lot of practice working with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is Estelle Day. She's 79 years old, a slender woman with a wild mane of hair that is still mostly red. Torrano peppers her with questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where were you originally from?\" asks Torrano. Day replies that she grew up on Long Island in New York. Torrano also wants to know how Day met her husband, where she learned to play the harp, where her travels have taken her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day is happy to answer everything. She says she likes people and describes herself as \"windbaggy.\" That's especially true if she's talking about playing music. She is a lifelong musician and retired music teacher. She plays harp and guitar, but her favorite instrument is the pipe organ. \"To be able to rock a building under your hands and your feet is exciting,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was Day's fifth day as a patient in the geriatric unit. She says multiple chronic conditions brought her here, but she didn't want to name them. Visible were a bulky back brace she wears for her osteoporosis, an IV drip and a heart monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that heart monitor suddenly began beeping, Torrano was out of the room like a shot. She returned seconds later with a nurse who solved the problem with the push of a button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/500222611/502841593\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torrano and the other volunteer companions aren't just candy stripers, bringing snacks and magazines. She knew what to do when the heart monitor started beeping because, like all of the volunteers in this program, she's been trained. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.geronet.ucla.edu/research/researchers/476\">Dr. David Reuben\u003c/a>, chief of geriatrics at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA explains: \"Just because you're willing to do something doesn't mean you know how to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers learn about medical confidentiality, what to do in an emergency, and how to interact with patients, including patients with dementia. Reuben says they go through a \"vigorous training process and vetting process before we allow them to be with patients.\" There are nearly three dozen volunteers so far. The program started just a few months ago, and the hospital plans to expand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loneliness is a legitimate medical issue. There are a number of studies linking loneliness and social isolation in old people to poorer health and earlier death, including one published earlier this month in \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2575729\">JAMA Psychiatry\u003c/a> associating loneliness, social isolation and brain changes typical in Alzheimer's. Reuben cautions that those studies weren't done in a hospital setting. Nevertheless, he says, \"you might suspect that being more engaged, more energized ... might promote a speedier recovery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now the hospital is designing studies to find out if the volunteer companionship improves medical outcomes, or at least improves the patient's experience in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torrano says she'll sometimes spend her entire four-hour shift with a single patient. Like Estelle Day, many are happy to share their life stories. She remembers one man in particular who had been a political prisoner in Iran. He'd run an underground newspaper. \"He was in jail so much,\" she recalls, yet he told her he also misses Iran. \"Even though it was very traumatic, he still wishes he was there,\" Torrano says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estelle Day says she's not especially lonely, but she has been alone much of the time since she was admitted to the geriatric unit. So it helps to have a companion who will not only listen to her life story, but can also troubleshoot the little problems that can make life in a hospital such a challenge. \"Somebody who is sensitive and tuned-in and is very helpful,\" explains Day, the way Torrano was when Day's heart monitor started acting up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And companionship can take many forms. On the day of Torrano's visit, one of Day's most pressing issues was fixing her hair. It had been shoved up in a rubber band since she was admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with Day's encouragement, Torrano picks up a comb and gently begins detangling. Whatever it takes to make the patient look good and feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hospital+Companions+Can+Ease+Isolation+For+Older+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How an Intervention Program Stops the Revolving Door of Violent Injuries",
"title": "How an Intervention Program Stops the Revolving Door of Violent Injuries",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Darius Irvin grew up in violent neighborhoods in Oakland and San Francisco. While Irvin was never in a gang, he was around them a lot. One winter when he was back home in Oakland from his freshman year of college up in Chico, he knocked on the door of his barbershop. He wanted a local haircut to show off when he returned to school. Before he could get inside, though, he heard gunshots and felt a piercing pain in his buttock. He'd been shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He survived, but the recovery took almost two years. Then he was shot again, this time at a party in Oakland. A stray bullet hit him in the back right shoulder, where it remains today. After more recovery, he planned to move to San Francisco for a fresh start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293730059\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While job searching, he stopped at a convenience store in the city. There again, the gunshots found him. \"I pretty much remember the freezer glasses busting, chip bags popping over the shots ringing out,\" Irvin says. He fell to the ground, sitting in his own blood, thinking \"Is this true? This can’t be happening right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time he was shot with nine bullets, again by someone he did not know. He was rushed to \u003ca href=\"http://zuckerbergsanfranciscogeneral.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco General Hospital\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was there something unexpected happened. \"All I know is I woke up and there was Popeyes,\" Irvin recalls, referring to one of his favorite fast food restaurants. \"I had some Popeyes chicken on my bed, and I love Popeyes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because \u003ca href=\"http://violenceprevention.surgery.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">the Wraparound Project\u003c/a> had stepped in to help. It's a program based at San Francisco General Hospital. Wraparound's goal is to reduce re-injury for young people who have been violently hurt, through either a shooting or stabbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mike Texada (left) of The Wraparound Project stands with James Caldwell (center) and Joseph Kaulave (right) from the Street Violence Intervention Program. After a violent crime, their teams work together to prevent future injury for individuals and communities.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Texada (left) of The Wraparound Project stands with James Caldwell (center) and Joseph Kaulave (right) from the Street Violence Intervention Program. After a violent crime, their teams work together to prevent future injury for individuals and communities. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Repeat injury for survivors of violent crime is remarkably high. \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=0y4DBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA231#v=onepage&q&f=false\" target=\"_blank\">Studies\u003c/a> show 44 percent of people who have been shot or stabbed get violently injured again within five years, and that one out of five of those people die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC San Francisco professor and doctor Rochelle Dicker saw this in her own practice. During her internship years ago at the SFGH Trauma Center, she stitched up a 16-year-old who'd been violently injured, only to see him return some weeks later with even worse injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Dicker started to look at violent injuries as a public health issue. \"Unless you go upstream a little bit to figure out ways to prevent future injury,\" she says, \"you’re really not putting a lasting effect on the idea of improving population health and improving individuals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With that, Dicker created the Wrapround Project in 2006. The program literally provides \"wraparound\" services like mentorship, job training and even getting clients their favorite foods. The program serves 10- to 30-year olds who end up at SFGH. And there's no cutoff date for support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the program's founding 10 years ago, the return visit rate for violent injuries at the hospital has fallen from 16 to 4.5 percent. Programs based on Dicker's work have started in Indianapolis and Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of intervention work is expanding nationwide. Wraparound is part of the \u003ca href=\"http://nnhvip.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Network of Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs (NNHVIP)\u003c/a>, a growing group of programs across the United States that not only focus on re-injury prevention, but also on reducing retaliation for crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11178943 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"A mural, painted by the father of a former client, marks the entrance to The Wraparound Project at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-800x561.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-1020x715.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-1920x1346.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-1180x827.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-960x673.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-240x168.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-375x263.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mural, painted by the father of a former client, marks the entrance to the Wraparound Project at San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wraparound's case managers come from the same communities as the clients, which gets at the program's goal of providing culturally competent services, and staff like case manager Mike Texada intervene right as patients wake up and realize they’re alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We call it the teachable moment,\" he says. \"That’s when you have time to offer services, you got time to have a conversation, you got time to have dialogue with that individual who’s injured.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Texada met Darius Irvin, the case manager immediately saw Irvin light up when they talked about college. Irvin had lost hope about ever attending a four-year university after all his health setbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I visited Darius at bedside and I told him about college he was like, 'Man, quit trying to gas me up,' \" Texada says about Irvin's incredulity. \"And I was like, 'Dude, I’m serious.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was. Texada connected Irvin to a program that helped him get into \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco State University\u003c/a>, a college Irvin had dreamed of attending since high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now at 26, Irvin's a sophomore at SFSU. He studies juvenile justice and sociology, and he’s on the honor roll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s crazy,\" he says walking through the green, bustling campus. \"It’s kind of too good to be true.\" He points out his favorite spots on campus. \"Everything I’ve been wanting and looking for is coming to me on behalf of the university.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at Irvin, you’d never know what he’s been through, or that he questioned if he'd ever be able to walk regularly again. But now he walks seamlessly, smoothly. When asked about it, he laughs and says, \"Chin up with a positive stride. It's called a 'thankful walk.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music in the audio version of this story is \u003ca href=\"http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Black_Ant/Free_Beats_Sel_3\" target=\"_blank\">\"Father Lee\" by Black Ant from \"Free Beats Sel. 3,\"\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Broke_For_Free/Layers/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Only Knows,\" \"The Collector,\" and \"Note Drop\" by Broke For Free from \"Layers.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Darius Irvin grew up in violent neighborhoods in Oakland and San Francisco. While Irvin was never in a gang, he was around them a lot. One winter when he was back home in Oakland from his freshman year of college up in Chico, he knocked on the door of his barbershop. He wanted a local haircut to show off when he returned to school. Before he could get inside, though, he heard gunshots and felt a piercing pain in his buttock. He'd been shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He survived, but the recovery took almost two years. Then he was shot again, this time at a party in Oakland. A stray bullet hit him in the back right shoulder, where it remains today. After more recovery, he planned to move to San Francisco for a fresh start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293730059&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293730059'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While job searching, he stopped at a convenience store in the city. There again, the gunshots found him. \"I pretty much remember the freezer glasses busting, chip bags popping over the shots ringing out,\" Irvin says. He fell to the ground, sitting in his own blood, thinking \"Is this true? This can’t be happening right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time he was shot with nine bullets, again by someone he did not know. He was rushed to \u003ca href=\"http://zuckerbergsanfranciscogeneral.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco General Hospital\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was there something unexpected happened. \"All I know is I woke up and there was Popeyes,\" Irvin recalls, referring to one of his favorite fast food restaurants. \"I had some Popeyes chicken on my bed, and I love Popeyes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because \u003ca href=\"http://violenceprevention.surgery.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">the Wraparound Project\u003c/a> had stepped in to help. It's a program based at San Francisco General Hospital. Wraparound's goal is to reduce re-injury for young people who have been violently hurt, through either a shooting or stabbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mike Texada (left) of The Wraparound Project stands with James Caldwell (center) and Joseph Kaulave (right) from the Street Violence Intervention Program. After a violent crime, their teams work together to prevent future injury for individuals and communities.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21904_IMG_6081-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Texada (left) of The Wraparound Project stands with James Caldwell (center) and Joseph Kaulave (right) from the Street Violence Intervention Program. After a violent crime, their teams work together to prevent future injury for individuals and communities. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Repeat injury for survivors of violent crime is remarkably high. \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=0y4DBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA231#v=onepage&q&f=false\" target=\"_blank\">Studies\u003c/a> show 44 percent of people who have been shot or stabbed get violently injured again within five years, and that one out of five of those people die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC San Francisco professor and doctor Rochelle Dicker saw this in her own practice. During her internship years ago at the SFGH Trauma Center, she stitched up a 16-year-old who'd been violently injured, only to see him return some weeks later with even worse injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Dicker started to look at violent injuries as a public health issue. \"Unless you go upstream a little bit to figure out ways to prevent future injury,\" she says, \"you’re really not putting a lasting effect on the idea of improving population health and improving individuals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With that, Dicker created the Wrapround Project in 2006. The program literally provides \"wraparound\" services like mentorship, job training and even getting clients their favorite foods. The program serves 10- to 30-year olds who end up at SFGH. And there's no cutoff date for support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the program's founding 10 years ago, the return visit rate for violent injuries at the hospital has fallen from 16 to 4.5 percent. Programs based on Dicker's work have started in Indianapolis and Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of intervention work is expanding nationwide. Wraparound is part of the \u003ca href=\"http://nnhvip.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Network of Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs (NNHVIP)\u003c/a>, a growing group of programs across the United States that not only focus on re-injury prevention, but also on reducing retaliation for crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11178943 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"A mural, painted by the father of a former client, marks the entrance to The Wraparound Project at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-800x561.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-1020x715.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-1920x1346.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-1180x827.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-960x673.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-240x168.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-375x263.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/21912_transform-2-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mural, painted by the father of a former client, marks the entrance to the Wraparound Project at San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wraparound's case managers come from the same communities as the clients, which gets at the program's goal of providing culturally competent services, and staff like case manager Mike Texada intervene right as patients wake up and realize they’re alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We call it the teachable moment,\" he says. \"That’s when you have time to offer services, you got time to have a conversation, you got time to have dialogue with that individual who’s injured.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Texada met Darius Irvin, the case manager immediately saw Irvin light up when they talked about college. Irvin had lost hope about ever attending a four-year university after all his health setbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I visited Darius at bedside and I told him about college he was like, 'Man, quit trying to gas me up,' \" Texada says about Irvin's incredulity. \"And I was like, 'Dude, I’m serious.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was. Texada connected Irvin to a program that helped him get into \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco State University\u003c/a>, a college Irvin had dreamed of attending since high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now at 26, Irvin's a sophomore at SFSU. He studies juvenile justice and sociology, and he’s on the honor roll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s crazy,\" he says walking through the green, bustling campus. \"It’s kind of too good to be true.\" He points out his favorite spots on campus. \"Everything I’ve been wanting and looking for is coming to me on behalf of the university.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at Irvin, you’d never know what he’s been through, or that he questioned if he'd ever be able to walk regularly again. But now he walks seamlessly, smoothly. When asked about it, he laughs and says, \"Chin up with a positive stride. It's called a 'thankful walk.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music in the audio version of this story is \u003ca href=\"http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Black_Ant/Free_Beats_Sel_3\" target=\"_blank\">\"Father Lee\" by Black Ant from \"Free Beats Sel. 3,\"\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Broke_For_Free/Layers/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Only Knows,\" \"The Collector,\" and \"Note Drop\" by Broke For Free from \"Layers.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Data: Surprising Number of California Parents Experienced Abuse as Children",
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"content": "\u003cp>One out of five California adults with children living in their homes were beaten, kicked or physically abused when they were children, and one in ten were sexually abused, according to \u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/z6drt5p\" target=\"_blank\">data \u003c/a>released recently by a children’s health foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts believe that’s an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s probably a low estimate,” said Cassandra Joubert, director of the Central California Children’s Institute at California State University, Fresno. “I think these kinds of events within families are hush-hush, swept under the rug, not really talked about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Focusing on the abuse that parents have experienced is essential to interrupting the cycle of trauma, Joubert said. Adults who were abused or neglected as children often end up emulating their own parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost this mirroring effect,” Joubert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data were recently released by kidsdata.org, a program of the Palo Alto-based Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health, to coincide with a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.aces-ca.org/conference-info/\" target=\"_blank\">conference on adverse childhood experiences\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other notable findings: 36 percent of adults with children living in their homes experienced verbal abuse as children; 19 percent witnessed domestic violence. In some counties, including San Bernardino, Contra Costa and Riverside, a fifth of adults who have children in their homes reported experiencing at least four different adverse childhood experiences growing up. Those experiences can include physical, sexual and verbal abuse, having parents divorce, and living with someone who suffers from mental illness or abuses drugs or alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come from data collected in a survey by the Public Health Institute. Marta Induni, research program director at the institute’s Survey Research Group, oversaw the survey of nearly 28,000 California residents. She said she has been particularly touched by the many people who have thanked her for asking them about painful and often stigmatized childhood experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that speaks to the importance of just putting this into the common vernacular: ‘Let’s talk about this,’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill to expand school-based mental health services for young children came to a halt in the state Senate Appropriations Committee this summer, because it did not include a way to fund the additional services. A spokesman for Assemblymember Rob Bonta (D-Oakland) said Bonta may propose that the state budget include additional funding for expanded services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy Davis, a 40-year-old resident of Clovis who works with Joubert as a training coordinator at the Children’s Institute, knows firsthand the effect childhood trauma can have on parenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the age of five, Davis came to the United States from El Salvador with three of her siblings and her single mother. The family was “very, very poor,” Davis said. Her mother was almost always working, and was constantly stressed and frustrated, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was barely around,” Davis said. “The little that she was, wasn’t pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis said she was abused emotionally and physically growing up, and she witnessed domestic violence against others in her home. She was sexually molested by people who floated in and out of the house, Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 18, Davis gave birth to her first son, Alex. She now has four sons, ranging in age from 6 to 21. After her youngest, Tye, was born, Davis spent a month in the hospital with serious health problems. Once she returned home, she experienced severe postpartum depression and didn’t want to hold Tye, or be near him. She blamed him for the illness she’d suffered after he was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Tye was four months old, Davis sought help. She started taking medication and going to therapy. There, she was able to recognize how profoundly her troubled childhood had impacted her. She finally began to bond with Tye. Today, she said, she and her youngest are “inseparable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has helped tremendously,” she said. “I wish I would have done it a lot sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Cloutier, executive director of the Center for Youth Wellness, said the data reinforce how crucial it is for pediatricians to screen children — and even their caregivers — for exposure to past traumatic experiences. Such experiences often lead not only to mental health disorders, but also to acute chronic physical diseases, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for parents to understand and address their own experiences in childhood as a way of blocking the further transmission to their children,” Cloutier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kendra Rogers, managing director for early childhood policy at the advocacy group Children Now, called the data “sad and frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We fail these kids until they turn 18 and then we just blame them and criticize them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to a number of policy prescriptions, ranging from funding more parenting programs to shoring up mental health services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have serious trauma and violence in our history,” she said. “The more we address it, the better we can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One out of five California adults with children living in their homes were beaten, kicked or physically abused when they were children, and one in ten were sexually abused, according to \u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/z6drt5p\" target=\"_blank\">data \u003c/a>released recently by a children’s health foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts believe that’s an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s probably a low estimate,” said Cassandra Joubert, director of the Central California Children’s Institute at California State University, Fresno. “I think these kinds of events within families are hush-hush, swept under the rug, not really talked about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Focusing on the abuse that parents have experienced is essential to interrupting the cycle of trauma, Joubert said. Adults who were abused or neglected as children often end up emulating their own parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost this mirroring effect,” Joubert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data were recently released by kidsdata.org, a program of the Palo Alto-based Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health, to coincide with a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.aces-ca.org/conference-info/\" target=\"_blank\">conference on adverse childhood experiences\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other notable findings: 36 percent of adults with children living in their homes experienced verbal abuse as children; 19 percent witnessed domestic violence. In some counties, including San Bernardino, Contra Costa and Riverside, a fifth of adults who have children in their homes reported experiencing at least four different adverse childhood experiences growing up. Those experiences can include physical, sexual and verbal abuse, having parents divorce, and living with someone who suffers from mental illness or abuses drugs or alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come from data collected in a survey by the Public Health Institute. Marta Induni, research program director at the institute’s Survey Research Group, oversaw the survey of nearly 28,000 California residents. She said she has been particularly touched by the many people who have thanked her for asking them about painful and often stigmatized childhood experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that speaks to the importance of just putting this into the common vernacular: ‘Let’s talk about this,’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill to expand school-based mental health services for young children came to a halt in the state Senate Appropriations Committee this summer, because it did not include a way to fund the additional services. A spokesman for Assemblymember Rob Bonta (D-Oakland) said Bonta may propose that the state budget include additional funding for expanded services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy Davis, a 40-year-old resident of Clovis who works with Joubert as a training coordinator at the Children’s Institute, knows firsthand the effect childhood trauma can have on parenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the age of five, Davis came to the United States from El Salvador with three of her siblings and her single mother. The family was “very, very poor,” Davis said. Her mother was almost always working, and was constantly stressed and frustrated, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was barely around,” Davis said. “The little that she was, wasn’t pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis said she was abused emotionally and physically growing up, and she witnessed domestic violence against others in her home. She was sexually molested by people who floated in and out of the house, Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 18, Davis gave birth to her first son, Alex. She now has four sons, ranging in age from 6 to 21. After her youngest, Tye, was born, Davis spent a month in the hospital with serious health problems. Once she returned home, she experienced severe postpartum depression and didn’t want to hold Tye, or be near him. She blamed him for the illness she’d suffered after he was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Tye was four months old, Davis sought help. She started taking medication and going to therapy. There, she was able to recognize how profoundly her troubled childhood had impacted her. She finally began to bond with Tye. Today, she said, she and her youngest are “inseparable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has helped tremendously,” she said. “I wish I would have done it a lot sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Cloutier, executive director of the Center for Youth Wellness, said the data reinforce how crucial it is for pediatricians to screen children — and even their caregivers — for exposure to past traumatic experiences. Such experiences often lead not only to mental health disorders, but also to acute chronic physical diseases, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for parents to understand and address their own experiences in childhood as a way of blocking the further transmission to their children,” Cloutier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kendra Rogers, managing director for early childhood policy at the advocacy group Children Now, called the data “sad and frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We fail these kids until they turn 18 and then we just blame them and criticize them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to a number of policy prescriptions, ranging from funding more parenting programs to shoring up mental health services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have serious trauma and violence in our history,” she said. “The more we address it, the better we can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The staff of Clinica Sierra Vista, which has health centers throughout the Central Valley, screened its mostly low-income patients last year for mental health needs and determined that nearly 30 percent suffered from depression, anxiety or alcoholism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Reilly, Sierra Vista’s chief of behavioral health services, said he was concerned about the high percentage of patients afflicted, but even more so about the clinic’s ability to treat them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s in part because at health centers like Clinica Sierra Vista, a large group of mental health providers are excluded from reimbursement by Medi-Cal, the government program for low-income Californians. But that will soon change. Gov. Jerry Brown last week signed a law allowing federally funded health centers and rural clinics to bill Medi-Cal for the services of licensed marriage and family therapists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am ecstatic that this passed,” Reilly said. “It means a lot more people are going to get attention for their behavioral health needs a lot earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, which takes effect Jan. 1, is designed to address gaps in mental health care, particularly in rural areas where recruiting and retaining behavioral health providers is a challenge. Under the current law, clinics hire licensed clinical social workers and psychologists for their Medi-Cal patients, but they often can’t find enough to meet their needs. Many clinics don’t provide behavioral health services at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40,000 marriage and family therapists are licensed in the state, compared to about 22,000 social workers and 21,000 psychologists, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.legtrack.com/bill.html?bill=201520160AB1863\" target=\"_blank\">state analysis\u003c/a> of the legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1863\" target=\"_blank\">Assembly Bill 1863\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Vista’s Reilly, who himself is a marriage and family therapist, said he expects another benefit from the law: less reliance on medication. Instead of simply being referred to doctors for prescriptions, the patients will be able to have regular counseling. Often, Reilly noted, patients’ depression or anxiety stems from family problems, domestic violence or substance use. Marriage and family therapists can help with those situations, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to mental health services has long been a challenge in California, especially for low-income residents. In 2014, millions more Californians became eligible for Medi-Cal and for mental health services under the Affordable Care Act. That put even more pressure on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law signed by the governor affects nearly 1,000 federally-funded and rural health clinics, according to the state analysis. The clinics accept patients regardless of their ability to pay and rely heavily on Medi-Cal reimbursements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, OLE Health, treats about 25,000 patients each year in Napa. CEO Tanir Ami said it’s been a challenge to find enough social workers to treat patients, many of whom have depression and anxiety, often exacerbated by poverty and inadequate housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we get to recruit from a whole other pool of qualified candidates,” Ami said. “I am hoping it will make it exponentially easier to find the workforce we need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Brown vetoed a similar bill last year. The bill’s author, Assemblyman Jim Wood, (D-Healdsburg), said the governor had been concerned about its cost. But this year, Wood said he and the bill’s supporters convinced Brown that providing more mental health services could actually reduce health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you get people the behavioral health they need, you potentially keep them out of emergency rooms, which is a huge savings,” Wood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was sponsored by CaliforniaHealth+ Advocates, an arm of the California Primary Care Association, and the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists. The California chapter of the National Association of Social Workers and the California Psychological Association opposed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The staff of Clinica Sierra Vista, which has health centers throughout the Central Valley, screened its mostly low-income patients last year for mental health needs and determined that nearly 30 percent suffered from depression, anxiety or alcoholism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Reilly, Sierra Vista’s chief of behavioral health services, said he was concerned about the high percentage of patients afflicted, but even more so about the clinic’s ability to treat them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s in part because at health centers like Clinica Sierra Vista, a large group of mental health providers are excluded from reimbursement by Medi-Cal, the government program for low-income Californians. But that will soon change. Gov. Jerry Brown last week signed a law allowing federally funded health centers and rural clinics to bill Medi-Cal for the services of licensed marriage and family therapists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am ecstatic that this passed,” Reilly said. “It means a lot more people are going to get attention for their behavioral health needs a lot earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, which takes effect Jan. 1, is designed to address gaps in mental health care, particularly in rural areas where recruiting and retaining behavioral health providers is a challenge. Under the current law, clinics hire licensed clinical social workers and psychologists for their Medi-Cal patients, but they often can’t find enough to meet their needs. Many clinics don’t provide behavioral health services at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40,000 marriage and family therapists are licensed in the state, compared to about 22,000 social workers and 21,000 psychologists, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.legtrack.com/bill.html?bill=201520160AB1863\" target=\"_blank\">state analysis\u003c/a> of the legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1863\" target=\"_blank\">Assembly Bill 1863\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Vista’s Reilly, who himself is a marriage and family therapist, said he expects another benefit from the law: less reliance on medication. Instead of simply being referred to doctors for prescriptions, the patients will be able to have regular counseling. Often, Reilly noted, patients’ depression or anxiety stems from family problems, domestic violence or substance use. Marriage and family therapists can help with those situations, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to mental health services has long been a challenge in California, especially for low-income residents. In 2014, millions more Californians became eligible for Medi-Cal and for mental health services under the Affordable Care Act. That put even more pressure on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law signed by the governor affects nearly 1,000 federally-funded and rural health clinics, according to the state analysis. The clinics accept patients regardless of their ability to pay and rely heavily on Medi-Cal reimbursements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, OLE Health, treats about 25,000 patients each year in Napa. CEO Tanir Ami said it’s been a challenge to find enough social workers to treat patients, many of whom have depression and anxiety, often exacerbated by poverty and inadequate housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we get to recruit from a whole other pool of qualified candidates,” Ami said. “I am hoping it will make it exponentially easier to find the workforce we need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Brown vetoed a similar bill last year. The bill’s author, Assemblyman Jim Wood, (D-Healdsburg), said the governor had been concerned about its cost. But this year, Wood said he and the bill’s supporters convinced Brown that providing more mental health services could actually reduce health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you get people the behavioral health they need, you potentially keep them out of emergency rooms, which is a huge savings,” Wood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was sponsored by CaliforniaHealth+ Advocates, an arm of the California Primary Care Association, and the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists. The California chapter of the National Association of Social Workers and the California Psychological Association opposed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[audio mp3=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/09/Medicated-Foster-Kida-mp3-1.mp3\"][/audio]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/reports/summary/2015-131\">scathing state audit\u003c/a> on the widespread use of psychotropic medication in California’s foster care system will take center stage at a California Senate Oversight Committee hearing on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit found that California and its counties have “failed to adequately oversee the prescribing of these medications.” These medications are used to treat mental illnesses ranging from depression to schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster children require more mental health services than their peers, according to the American Psychological Association, yet youth advocates say the drugs are over-prescribed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are our state’s children,\" said Bill Grimm, senior attorney for the \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>. \"We take them away from their parents and we make a bargain and a promise that we will do better by these children and for too many foster children we don’t do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 12 percent of California's foster youth are on psychotropic medications in comparison to 4-10 percent of youth who are not in the foster system, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these medications can assist young people struggling with mental illness, the audit listed gaps in the oversight of medication use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many foster children did not receive recommended follow-up or complementary care, and at times counties failed to obtain required court or parental approval for children to take these medications, the audit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some mental health officials said the report was flawed. \u003ca href=\"http://www.calpsych.org/\">California Psychiatric Association\u003c/a> co-chair Dr. George Fouras said it's problematic to give significant weight to an audit created by actuaries and not doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing could put pressure on state agencies and the legislature to fill in the identified gaps in service. It also comes as three bills that would put into place some oversight measures for how such drugs are prescribed to foster children await Gov. Jerry Brown's signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tisha Ortiz, a former foster child who's now a 24-year-old college student, said she feels she was over-medicated in her childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 14, she was put on two antipsychotics, one mood stabilizer, and an antidepressant -- 12 pills a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It basically felt like I was being heavily sedated as a chemical restraint,\" she said, adding that she felt doctors did not treat her underlying trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her medications caused side effects such as weight gain, an irregular heartbeat, and ticks throughout her body, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now as a young adult, she said she takes no medications and uses other therapeutic outlets like exercising and playing with her dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The idea is simple: Load fresh fruits and vegetables into a refrigerator truck and drive it to a health clinic, then have a doctor write a \"prescription\" for food to improve the diets of low-income people with diabetes and high blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. food banks — the organizations on the front lines of fighting hunger — increasingly are promoting \"food as medicine\" strategies designed to address, not exacerbate, the high rate of chronic health problems among the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One-third of households using food banks are feeding a family member with diabetes, and 58 percent have a family member with high blood pressure, according to a recent survey by Feeding America, a national network of 200 food banks. Meanwhile, 55 percent of people identify fresh fruits and vegetables as the foods they most desire but aren't receiving from their food pantry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm on a very limited income,\" said James Cline, who has diabetes and gets by on $700 a month living with his mother in suburban Chicago. Disabled after an all-terrain vehicle accident, the 53-year-old former loading dock worker knows he should eat more fresh produce. But the cost of a nutritious diet can be out of reach, so he took his doctor's advice and showed up for a recent produce giveaway at Oak Forest Health Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It helps a lot,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since August 2015, six Chicago-area clinics have hosted 26 \"Fresh Truck\" visits by the Greater Chicago Food Depository, providing more than 100,000 pounds of fresh fruit and vegetables to more than 3,200 households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, 30 food banks are working directly with health care providers to identify low-income patients who sometimes run out of food. In Idaho, doctors in Boise and Caldwell plan to add small food pantries to their offices. In Delaware, pediatricians write \"prescriptions\" for fresh produce; a family can get up to 25 pounds each month distributed by the local food bank at clinics. Two hospitals, in Alabama and Florida, collaborated with a Gulf Coast food bank to offer free lunches during the summer to children with hospitalized relatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Food banks are trying to do better by providing fewer starches and carbs and more lean proteins, fruits, vegetables and whole grains,\" said Dr. Hilary Seligman, senior medical adviser for Feeding America. \"The nutritious foods that are expensive for our clients are also expensive for food banks. We're figuring out how we can do this and do it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seligman is leading a clinical trial to measure if food banks can help people with diabetes improve their blood sugar levels through education and tailored food packages. Researchers have enrolled 572 food pantry clients in Detroit, Houston and Oakland, California. Results are expected in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this works, we'll spread it across the Feeding America network, and if it doesn't, we'll try something else,\" Seligman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food banks, whose supplies are stocked through purchases and food donations, have hired dietitians to teach classes. Some are barring donations of sweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't accept candy. We don't accept soda,\" said Kim Turner of the Delaware Food Bank. \"We want to make sure the foods we're giving to low-income people are the best nutrition possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food banks distributed 1.25 billion pounds of fresh produce from July 2015 through June this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's double what it was five years earlier,\" said Ross Fraser of Feeding America, adding that food banks rescue perishable fruits and vegetables with \"cosmetic issues\" otherwise headed for the trash. \"Produce that is too small, too big, too round or not round enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers have answered the call, said Idaho Food Bank CEO Karen Vauk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Boy, did they respond,\" Vauk said. \"We have certainly been overwhelmed by the increase in produce. Most of it is right out of the field. And it's not all potatoes. It's peaches and plums. Beautiful produce.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Cline showed a visitor the bananas, onions, cantaloupe, potatoes, kale and other produce in the box he was taking home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a big help,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The idea is simple: Load fresh fruits and vegetables into a refrigerator truck and drive it to a health clinic, then have a doctor write a \"prescription\" for food to improve the diets of low-income people with diabetes and high blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. food banks — the organizations on the front lines of fighting hunger — increasingly are promoting \"food as medicine\" strategies designed to address, not exacerbate, the high rate of chronic health problems among the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One-third of households using food banks are feeding a family member with diabetes, and 58 percent have a family member with high blood pressure, according to a recent survey by Feeding America, a national network of 200 food banks. Meanwhile, 55 percent of people identify fresh fruits and vegetables as the foods they most desire but aren't receiving from their food pantry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm on a very limited income,\" said James Cline, who has diabetes and gets by on $700 a month living with his mother in suburban Chicago. Disabled after an all-terrain vehicle accident, the 53-year-old former loading dock worker knows he should eat more fresh produce. But the cost of a nutritious diet can be out of reach, so he took his doctor's advice and showed up for a recent produce giveaway at Oak Forest Health Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It helps a lot,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since August 2015, six Chicago-area clinics have hosted 26 \"Fresh Truck\" visits by the Greater Chicago Food Depository, providing more than 100,000 pounds of fresh fruit and vegetables to more than 3,200 households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, 30 food banks are working directly with health care providers to identify low-income patients who sometimes run out of food. In Idaho, doctors in Boise and Caldwell plan to add small food pantries to their offices. In Delaware, pediatricians write \"prescriptions\" for fresh produce; a family can get up to 25 pounds each month distributed by the local food bank at clinics. Two hospitals, in Alabama and Florida, collaborated with a Gulf Coast food bank to offer free lunches during the summer to children with hospitalized relatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Food banks are trying to do better by providing fewer starches and carbs and more lean proteins, fruits, vegetables and whole grains,\" said Dr. Hilary Seligman, senior medical adviser for Feeding America. \"The nutritious foods that are expensive for our clients are also expensive for food banks. We're figuring out how we can do this and do it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seligman is leading a clinical trial to measure if food banks can help people with diabetes improve their blood sugar levels through education and tailored food packages. Researchers have enrolled 572 food pantry clients in Detroit, Houston and Oakland, California. Results are expected in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this works, we'll spread it across the Feeding America network, and if it doesn't, we'll try something else,\" Seligman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food banks, whose supplies are stocked through purchases and food donations, have hired dietitians to teach classes. Some are barring donations of sweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't accept candy. We don't accept soda,\" said Kim Turner of the Delaware Food Bank. \"We want to make sure the foods we're giving to low-income people are the best nutrition possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food banks distributed 1.25 billion pounds of fresh produce from July 2015 through June this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's double what it was five years earlier,\" said Ross Fraser of Feeding America, adding that food banks rescue perishable fruits and vegetables with \"cosmetic issues\" otherwise headed for the trash. \"Produce that is too small, too big, too round or not round enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers have answered the call, said Idaho Food Bank CEO Karen Vauk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Boy, did they respond,\" Vauk said. \"We have certainly been overwhelmed by the increase in produce. Most of it is right out of the field. And it's not all potatoes. It's peaches and plums. Beautiful produce.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Cline showed a visitor the bananas, onions, cantaloupe, potatoes, kale and other produce in the box he was taking home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a big help,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When a Lack of Senior Housing Means Living Out of Your Car",
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"content": "\u003cp>Marge Giaimo makes her way to a picnic table under the shadow of an oak tree. Santa Barbara's trees, like its oceans and mountains, are one thing she says she never tires of here. After losing her senior housing three years ago, this table is where she does her painting these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel very fortunate to have my car,\" Giaimo says. \"It's a little cramped, but it's softer than cement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all her once-valued possessions, today her 20-year-old, gold Oldsmobile is her most important one. It is her home, and she keeps it as neat as a pin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then this is where I sleep,\" she says. \"I have the three pillows and I have sponges under there or foam to sleep on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wealthy coastal city of Santa Barbara, north of Los Angeles, the demand for senior housing is so great the wait list is now closed. After all, California's senior population is expected to grow by 50 percent in the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the seniors left out in the cold, their only option is living in their cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's Hard To Walk Away'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a hidden population and a growing population,\" says Cassie Roach, who oversees Safe Parking, a city-funded program at the New Beginnings Counseling Center. \"And it is quite different from the street homeless.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safe Parking has designated 115 parking spaces in church, county and city lots where people living in their cars — such as Giaimo — can park safely overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roach says many of those living in their cars have fallen upon hard times for the first time in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them is 61-year-old Lise MacFarlane. She is grateful for one of those Safe Parking spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm more comfortable sleeping now,\" MacFarlane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacFarlane says she lost the home she grew up in last December after being evicted by the new owner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was sleeping in front of my house and the park,\" MacFarlane says. \"It's hard to walk away. That's it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She shares her Toyota Highlander with her two dogs and a very large white cat named Willie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They don't like being in the car all the time,\" MacFarlane says. \"They want to be in a home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most people are having dinner, MacFarlane rolls into her assigned church parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard sitting in the car watching people, watching people I know go by,\" she says, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Safety And Support\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun has gone down, but Giaimo's gold Oldsmobile is hard to miss. It's parked a few spaces away from a Honda CRV owned by 74-year-old Barbara Harvey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We support one another very much,\" Harvey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She puts up with me,\" Giaimo responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no putting up with Marge, OK,\" Harvey says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this women-only lot, friendships are forged. There are seven designated spaces, and later in the evening a lot monitor stops by to check in on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 7 a.m. they will need to be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound of a trash truck heralds the morning in this parking lot. Giaimo and MacFarlane are getting ready to leave for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's dog walking time,\" Giaimo says. \"Did I drop something out my trunk?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think you did,\" MacFarlane responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't find my brush. See, this is what we go through,\" Giaimo says, laughing. \"Where did I put my brush?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacFarlane loads up her dogs as Willie the cat reluctantly makes room for them on the stacked blankets. Giaimo smiles and waves goodbye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giaimo's day continues with a shower at the Y. Then, she'll return to her picnic table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 75-year-old painter is on a wait list for senior housing in Santa Barbara. She's been told it could take another seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the seniors left out in the cold, their only option is living in their cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's Hard To Walk Away'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a hidden population and a growing population,\" says Cassie Roach, who oversees Safe Parking, a city-funded program at the New Beginnings Counseling Center. \"And it is quite different from the street homeless.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safe Parking has designated 115 parking spaces in church, county and city lots where people living in their cars — such as Giaimo — can park safely overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roach says many of those living in their cars have fallen upon hard times for the first time in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them is 61-year-old Lise MacFarlane. She is grateful for one of those Safe Parking spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm more comfortable sleeping now,\" MacFarlane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacFarlane says she lost the home she grew up in last December after being evicted by the new owner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was sleeping in front of my house and the park,\" MacFarlane says. \"It's hard to walk away. That's it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She shares her Toyota Highlander with her two dogs and a very large white cat named Willie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They don't like being in the car all the time,\" MacFarlane says. \"They want to be in a home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most people are having dinner, MacFarlane rolls into her assigned church parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard sitting in the car watching people, watching people I know go by,\" she says, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Safety And Support\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun has gone down, but Giaimo's gold Oldsmobile is hard to miss. It's parked a few spaces away from a Honda CRV owned by 74-year-old Barbara Harvey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We support one another very much,\" Harvey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She puts up with me,\" Giaimo responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no putting up with Marge, OK,\" Harvey says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this women-only lot, friendships are forged. There are seven designated spaces, and later in the evening a lot monitor stops by to check in on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 7 a.m. they will need to be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound of a trash truck heralds the morning in this parking lot. Giaimo and MacFarlane are getting ready to leave for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's dog walking time,\" Giaimo says. \"Did I drop something out my trunk?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think you did,\" MacFarlane responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't find my brush. See, this is what we go through,\" Giaimo says, laughing. \"Where did I put my brush?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacFarlane loads up her dogs as Willie the cat reluctantly makes room for them on the stacked blankets. Giaimo smiles and waves goodbye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giaimo's day continues with a shower at the Y. Then, she'll return to her picnic table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 75-year-old painter is on a wait list for senior housing in Santa Barbara. She's been told it could take another seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eight-year-old Erika Andalon recently started treatment for six cavities at an AltaMed dental clinic in eastern Los Angeles near her home. She hadn’t been to a dentist for more than a year. Yet her younger sister, Elaine, has visited the dentist regularly since she was six months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference? Access to coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika was brought to the U.S. from Jalisco, Mexico, five years ago. Elaine, on the other hand, was born in California, which makes her a U.S. citizen. Because of her citizenship status, and because of her family’s low income, she always has received full benefits under Medi-Cal, the state’s version of Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since May 1, a new law (SB 75) has given Erika and other children living in the United States without legal immigration papers full access to Medi-Cal benefits, including dental services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Erika gets the same benefits as her little sister — including dental care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a huge relief,” Erika’s mother, also named Erika, said Wednesday. “Elaine goes to the dentist twice a year, now we can do the same with [Erika].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young Erika is one of almost 138,000 undocumented children in California who have gained Medi-Cal coverage under the so-called “Health for All Kids” law, which provides health care for all California children regardless of their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dental coverage under the state’s Denti-Cal program is included in the expanded benefits, and there is widespread hope that it will improve pediatric oral care in California. But delivering on that promise could be a stiff challenge for a program in which more than half of children who were covered before the law took effect had not seen a dentist in the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of access has created an “epidemic of tooth disease in which toddlers by the thousands have mouthfuls of cavities,” according to a searing report by the Little Hoover Commission, an independent oversight agency, released earlier this year. A big reason for Denti-Cal’s dysfunction, the report said, are low reimbursement rates that have “thoroughly alienated the dental profession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of Denti-Cal, Alani Jackson, told California Healthline earlier this year that newly enrolled children should have no problem getting an appointment with a dentist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dental professionals said this week that it is still too early to tell how the program will stand up to the new stress of the additional beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the new law took effect four months ago, immigrant children qualified only for “emergency” Medi-Cal, which gave them coverage for emergency room care. Some qualified for county-level health programs that did not tap Medi-Cal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika Andalon’s mom relied heavily on free dental exams offered at school to get baseline dental care for her older daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we had no idea” about the six cavities, she said. “It wasn’t until she got a proper exam with dental X-rays that we learned about the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more children enroll in Medi-Cal and Denti-Cal as a result of the new law, dental offices and clinics are beginning to see more young patients like Erika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Rosa Arzu, the dental director at AltaMed, a network of clinics in Los Angeles and Orange counties, said the 24-clinic group has extended hours for patients, including opening on Saturdays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clinics are not tracking the number of new immigrant children needing care, Arzu said the dentists at AltaMed have noted that previously uninsured kids who had not visited in years are now in need of more intensive care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AltaMed dentists already had seen many of the children before they qualified for Medi-Cal, because of the clinics’ “sliding fee” – a payment option in which the cost of services depends on the family’s income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But even though this payment was low, many families were struggling, so they delayed treatment,” Arzu said. Some patients still don’t realize that dental services are included in their newly insured children’s benefits, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all eyes are on the new law, it might be too early to gauge its impact, said Dr. Roseann Mulligan, associate dean of Community Health Programs and Hospital Affairs at the University of Southern California’s dental school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still a few “wrinkles,” and newly enrolled families are still figuring out the system, Mulligan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the USC dental school’s Children’s Health and Maintenance Program (CHAMP), Mulligan and other staff visit Head Start child care centers and WIC nutrition offices, where they provide screenings and refer families to nearby dentists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At those locations, CHAMP staff members have met families who are not aware they are enrolled in an HMO dental plan and therefore can only see certain dentists. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eight-year-old Erika Andalon recently started treatment for six cavities at an AltaMed dental clinic in eastern Los Angeles near her home. She hadn’t been to a dentist for more than a year. Yet her younger sister, Elaine, has visited the dentist regularly since she was six months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference? Access to coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika was brought to the U.S. from Jalisco, Mexico, five years ago. Elaine, on the other hand, was born in California, which makes her a U.S. citizen. Because of her citizenship status, and because of her family’s low income, she always has received full benefits under Medi-Cal, the state’s version of Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since May 1, a new law (SB 75) has given Erika and other children living in the United States without legal immigration papers full access to Medi-Cal benefits, including dental services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Erika gets the same benefits as her little sister — including dental care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a huge relief,” Erika’s mother, also named Erika, said Wednesday. “Elaine goes to the dentist twice a year, now we can do the same with [Erika].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young Erika is one of almost 138,000 undocumented children in California who have gained Medi-Cal coverage under the so-called “Health for All Kids” law, which provides health care for all California children regardless of their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dental coverage under the state’s Denti-Cal program is included in the expanded benefits, and there is widespread hope that it will improve pediatric oral care in California. But delivering on that promise could be a stiff challenge for a program in which more than half of children who were covered before the law took effect had not seen a dentist in the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of access has created an “epidemic of tooth disease in which toddlers by the thousands have mouthfuls of cavities,” according to a searing report by the Little Hoover Commission, an independent oversight agency, released earlier this year. A big reason for Denti-Cal’s dysfunction, the report said, are low reimbursement rates that have “thoroughly alienated the dental profession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of Denti-Cal, Alani Jackson, told California Healthline earlier this year that newly enrolled children should have no problem getting an appointment with a dentist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dental professionals said this week that it is still too early to tell how the program will stand up to the new stress of the additional beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the new law took effect four months ago, immigrant children qualified only for “emergency” Medi-Cal, which gave them coverage for emergency room care. Some qualified for county-level health programs that did not tap Medi-Cal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika Andalon’s mom relied heavily on free dental exams offered at school to get baseline dental care for her older daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we had no idea” about the six cavities, she said. “It wasn’t until she got a proper exam with dental X-rays that we learned about the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more children enroll in Medi-Cal and Denti-Cal as a result of the new law, dental offices and clinics are beginning to see more young patients like Erika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Rosa Arzu, the dental director at AltaMed, a network of clinics in Los Angeles and Orange counties, said the 24-clinic group has extended hours for patients, including opening on Saturdays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clinics are not tracking the number of new immigrant children needing care, Arzu said the dentists at AltaMed have noted that previously uninsured kids who had not visited in years are now in need of more intensive care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AltaMed dentists already had seen many of the children before they qualified for Medi-Cal, because of the clinics’ “sliding fee” – a payment option in which the cost of services depends on the family’s income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But even though this payment was low, many families were struggling, so they delayed treatment,” Arzu said. Some patients still don’t realize that dental services are included in their newly insured children’s benefits, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all eyes are on the new law, it might be too early to gauge its impact, said Dr. Roseann Mulligan, associate dean of Community Health Programs and Hospital Affairs at the University of Southern California’s dental school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still a few “wrinkles,” and newly enrolled families are still figuring out the system, Mulligan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the USC dental school’s Children’s Health and Maintenance Program (CHAMP), Mulligan and other staff visit Head Start child care centers and WIC nutrition offices, where they provide screenings and refer families to nearby dentists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At those locations, CHAMP staff members have met families who are not aware they are enrolled in an HMO dental plan and therefore can only see certain dentists. If they want a specific dentist, or more options, they must enroll in a fee-for-service plan, and that can take more time, Mulligan explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 64,500 immigrant children are expected to sign up for full Medi-Cal and Denti-Cal benefits within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
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