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"content": "\u003cp>If you have a daily coffee habit, here's something to buzz about: A \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2015/11/10/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017341.full.pdf+html?sid=5c4b9ef3-96dd-44b8-8188-0a3ca2ec8c9d\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> finds those cups of joe may help boost longevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In our study, we found people who drank three to five cups of coffee per day had about a 15 percent lower [risk of premature] mortality compared to people who didn't drink coffee,\" says one of the study authors, nutrition researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/walter-willett/\" target=\"_blank\">Walter Willett\u003c/a> of the Harvard School of Public Health. Decaf drinkers also saw benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, published recently in the journal \u003cem>Circulation\u003c/em>, build on a body of evidence linking a coffee habit to potential health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've reported, previous research has pointed to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/03/15/174334493/a-daily-habit-of-green-tea-or-coffee-cuts-stroke-risk\" target=\"_blank\">decreased risk \u003c/a>of stroke. And, there's\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/11/15/245250931/how-coffee-citrus-and-nuts-help-cut-the-risk-of-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\"> some evidence\u003c/a> that a coffee habit cuts the risk of Type 2 diabetes, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rlq34t74Qfsi5vF2SfpfN11kxuXIP6kW\"]Now, of course, it's possible to overdo it with caffeine. Research has shown that consuming more than 400 milligrams of caffeine can interfere with sleep and create feelings of unease. And some of us are even more sensitive. (I feel jittery if I have more than one strong cup!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One study found that 200 milligrams of caffeine (the equivalent of about two cups of coffee) is an optimal amount to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424548\" target=\"_blank\">enhance cognitive function\u003c/a> and mood among sleep-deprived people. But we don't all metabolize caffeine the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6155178\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>, the caffeine amounts in coffee vary wildly. One \u003ca href=\"http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/7/520.full.pdf+html\" target=\"_blank\">analysis\u003c/a>, conducted by Bruce Goldberger, found a 16-ounce cup of caffeinated coffee from Starbucks could contain anywhere from 250 milligrams to more than 500 milligrams of caffeine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not everyone reacts to coffee in the same way,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://webapp4.asu.edu/directory/person/2670673?pa=true\" target=\"_blank\">Andrew Maynard\u003c/a>, who studies risk assessment at Arizona State University. He summarizes the benefits documented in this study as \"small.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says this study does not prove cause and effect between drinking coffee and living longer. Rather, it points to an \u003cem>association\u003c/em>. \"There are a lot of unknowns as to what [may explain] the increase in life expectancy,\" Maynard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got more questions? So did we. Here's our conversation about the findings with study co-author Walter Willett, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, what do you think might explain this association? \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>In the study, you point to compounds in coffee — such as lignans, quinides and magnesium — that may help reduce insulin resistance and inflammation. Prior \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998896\" target=\"_blank\">studies\u003c/a> have pointed to these as well.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're not sure exactly how coffee is [linked] to all these benefits. The coffee bean itself is loaded with many different nutrients and phytochemicals. And my guess is that they're working together to have some of these benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We [see] similar benefits from caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. That's important, because it suggests that caffeine is not responsible for [the benefit].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So this may be welcome news to people who drink decaf? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, because too much [caffeinated] coffee can cause insomnia and loss of sleep, and that's not a good thing!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The reduced risk of death was not seen among the coffee drinkers in your study who were smokers or former smokers.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Definitely. It's extremely important to disentangle the effects of coffee from the effects of cigarette smoking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, what's the take-home here? Is it that coffee can be part of a healthy lifestyle?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think if people like coffee, it's fine to include it [as part of your daily habit]. So, certainly, [people] should not feel guilty about moderate coffee consumption. It definitely can be part of a healthy lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wouldn't suggest that someone who doesn't like coffee go out and drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you a coffee drinker? Are these findings likely to influence your own behaviors?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I really like a good cup of coffee. But if I have more than two cups a day, I really don't sleep as well. So, I've been switching more toward decaf or half decaf/half regular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In this study, you also analyzed how coffee influenced the risk of specific diseases — or categories of diseases. What did you find?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We went beyond total mortality and looked at specific causes of death. And we found that people who drink moderate amounts of coffee have lower risk of [death] from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurologic disease [such as Parkinson's] and suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your findings come from data from two \u003ca href=\"http://www.channing.harvard.edu/nhs/\" target=\"_blank\">Nurses' Health Studies\u003c/a>, which included about 167,000 women. And it also looked at the 40,000 men in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/hpfs/\" target=\"_blank\">Health Professionals Follow-up Study\u003c/a>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>As you point out, the participants in these studies are about 95 percent white, largely middle-class and well-educated. Can you extrapolate to other populations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, I'm quite sure these findings would apply to other populations. This is a biological relationship. And we basically have a common biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Drink+To+Your+Health%3A+Study+Links+Daily+Coffee+Habit+To+Longevity&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you have a daily coffee habit, here's something to buzz about: A \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2015/11/10/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017341.full.pdf+html?sid=5c4b9ef3-96dd-44b8-8188-0a3ca2ec8c9d\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> finds those cups of joe may help boost longevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In our study, we found people who drank three to five cups of coffee per day had about a 15 percent lower [risk of premature] mortality compared to people who didn't drink coffee,\" says one of the study authors, nutrition researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/walter-willett/\" target=\"_blank\">Walter Willett\u003c/a> of the Harvard School of Public Health. Decaf drinkers also saw benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, published recently in the journal \u003cem>Circulation\u003c/em>, build on a body of evidence linking a coffee habit to potential health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've reported, previous research has pointed to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/03/15/174334493/a-daily-habit-of-green-tea-or-coffee-cuts-stroke-risk\" target=\"_blank\">decreased risk \u003c/a>of stroke. And, there's\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/11/15/245250931/how-coffee-citrus-and-nuts-help-cut-the-risk-of-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\"> some evidence\u003c/a> that a coffee habit cuts the risk of Type 2 diabetes, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Now, of course, it's possible to overdo it with caffeine. Research has shown that consuming more than 400 milligrams of caffeine can interfere with sleep and create feelings of unease. And some of us are even more sensitive. (I feel jittery if I have more than one strong cup!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One study found that 200 milligrams of caffeine (the equivalent of about two cups of coffee) is an optimal amount to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424548\" target=\"_blank\">enhance cognitive function\u003c/a> and mood among sleep-deprived people. But we don't all metabolize caffeine the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6155178\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>, the caffeine amounts in coffee vary wildly. One \u003ca href=\"http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/7/520.full.pdf+html\" target=\"_blank\">analysis\u003c/a>, conducted by Bruce Goldberger, found a 16-ounce cup of caffeinated coffee from Starbucks could contain anywhere from 250 milligrams to more than 500 milligrams of caffeine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not everyone reacts to coffee in the same way,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://webapp4.asu.edu/directory/person/2670673?pa=true\" target=\"_blank\">Andrew Maynard\u003c/a>, who studies risk assessment at Arizona State University. He summarizes the benefits documented in this study as \"small.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says this study does not prove cause and effect between drinking coffee and living longer. Rather, it points to an \u003cem>association\u003c/em>. \"There are a lot of unknowns as to what [may explain] the increase in life expectancy,\" Maynard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got more questions? So did we. Here's our conversation about the findings with study co-author Walter Willett, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, what do you think might explain this association? \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>In the study, you point to compounds in coffee — such as lignans, quinides and magnesium — that may help reduce insulin resistance and inflammation. Prior \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998896\" target=\"_blank\">studies\u003c/a> have pointed to these as well.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're not sure exactly how coffee is [linked] to all these benefits. The coffee bean itself is loaded with many different nutrients and phytochemicals. And my guess is that they're working together to have some of these benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We [see] similar benefits from caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. That's important, because it suggests that caffeine is not responsible for [the benefit].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So this may be welcome news to people who drink decaf? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, because too much [caffeinated] coffee can cause insomnia and loss of sleep, and that's not a good thing!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The reduced risk of death was not seen among the coffee drinkers in your study who were smokers or former smokers.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Definitely. It's extremely important to disentangle the effects of coffee from the effects of cigarette smoking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, what's the take-home here? Is it that coffee can be part of a healthy lifestyle?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think if people like coffee, it's fine to include it [as part of your daily habit]. So, certainly, [people] should not feel guilty about moderate coffee consumption. It definitely can be part of a healthy lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wouldn't suggest that someone who doesn't like coffee go out and drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you a coffee drinker? Are these findings likely to influence your own behaviors?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I really like a good cup of coffee. But if I have more than two cups a day, I really don't sleep as well. So, I've been switching more toward decaf or half decaf/half regular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In this study, you also analyzed how coffee influenced the risk of specific diseases — or categories of diseases. What did you find?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We went beyond total mortality and looked at specific causes of death. And we found that people who drink moderate amounts of coffee have lower risk of [death] from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurologic disease [such as Parkinson's] and suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your findings come from data from two \u003ca href=\"http://www.channing.harvard.edu/nhs/\" target=\"_blank\">Nurses' Health Studies\u003c/a>, which included about 167,000 women. And it also looked at the 40,000 men in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/hpfs/\" target=\"_blank\">Health Professionals Follow-up Study\u003c/a>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>As you point out, the participants in these studies are about 95 percent white, largely middle-class and well-educated. Can you extrapolate to other populations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, I'm quite sure these findings would apply to other populations. This is a biological relationship. And we basically have a common biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Drink+To+Your+Health%3A+Study+Links+Daily+Coffee+Habit+To+Longevity&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is Sex Once A Week Enough For A Happy Relationship?",
"title": "Is Sex Once A Week Enough For A Happy Relationship?",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>We live in a society where sex is often touted as the secret sauce that keeps a relationship tasty. So more sex must be better for you and your romantic partner, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"It is not necessary, on average, for couples to aim to engage in sex as frequently as possible.\"\u003ccite>Amy Muise, social psychologist, University of Toronto Mississauga\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Well, for established couples, having sex once a week hits the sweet spot for happiness and well-being, a study finds. This is either great news or tragic, depending on how you're feeling about your sex life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that psychologists have been working hard to figure out whether more sex makes us happier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers looked at data on 25,510 Americans, ages 18 to 89, about two-thirds of whom were either married or in a romantic relationship. For the people married or in relationships, more sex definitely correlated with more happiness. That wasn't statistically significant for the single people not in a relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Bz4JtjBxQFYsmoBUGtcWJNBDsGbXTxIU\"]But when the researchers crunched the numbers to find out if there's an upper limit to improving well-being through sex, they found that the happiness maxed out at sex about once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This showed a linear association between sex and happiness up to a frequency of once a week, but at higher frequencies there is no longer an association,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.amymuise.com/\">Amy Muise\u003c/a>, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto Mississauga who led the research, said in an email. \"Therefore it is not necessary, on average, for couples to aim to engage in sex as frequently as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://spp.sagepub.com/content/early/recent\" target=\"_blank\">results\u003c/a> were published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Social Psychology and Personality Science\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the data come from U.S. surveys done in 1996 and 1998, years the researchers picked because those sets of data had information on both marital status and relationship status. Surely things have changed on the relationship front since the Clinton administration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question, Muise and her colleagues also gathered data from a much smaller ethnically diverse group of people online. Those 355 participants also tended to be happier as frequency of sex increased. But the happiness leveled off with sex more than once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make it more interesting, the researchers also compared whether having more sex made people happier than having more money. It turned out that these people think having money would make them happier than having sex. But sex won out over money in that apparently magical once-a-week spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that John Updike was wrong when he wrote: \"Sex is like money; only too much is enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still skeptical? The researchers also used a third national data set that looked at happiness, sex and relationship satisfaction, and found that frequency of sex accounts for just 7 percent of the association between relationship satisfaction and happiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now you may have thought, \"Oh, it's different for men.\" But the researchers found that the once-a-week correlation held steady regardless of people's age, gender or length of relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that Woody Allen was wrong when he wrote this immortal scene in \u003cem>Annie Hall\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alvy's therapist:\u003c/strong> How often do you sleep together?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annie's therapist:\u003c/strong> Do you have sex often?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alvy:\u003c/strong> Hardly ever. Maybe three times a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annie:\u003c/strong> Constantly. I'd say three times a week.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If you're still concerned about discrepancies between the findings and your own experience, don't fret. These studies merely find associations in large groups of people and can't prove a sexual cause for a given happiness effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, what emerges from the group doesn't trump your personal experience. You can go on doing what works for you and your honey. The take-home message, Muise says, is that it's \"important to maintain a sexual connection with a romantic partner, but it is also important to have realistic expectations for one's sex life (given that many couples are busy with work and family responsibilities.)\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+Sex+Once+A+Week+Enough+For+A+Happy+Relationship%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A study of thousands of people finds that having sex about once a week correlates best with happiness and well-being. More didn't turn out to be better.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We live in a society where sex is often touted as the secret sauce that keeps a relationship tasty. So more sex must be better for you and your romantic partner, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"It is not necessary, on average, for couples to aim to engage in sex as frequently as possible.\"\u003ccite>Amy Muise, social psychologist, University of Toronto Mississauga\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Well, for established couples, having sex once a week hits the sweet spot for happiness and well-being, a study finds. This is either great news or tragic, depending on how you're feeling about your sex life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that psychologists have been working hard to figure out whether more sex makes us happier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers looked at data on 25,510 Americans, ages 18 to 89, about two-thirds of whom were either married or in a romantic relationship. For the people married or in relationships, more sex definitely correlated with more happiness. That wasn't statistically significant for the single people not in a relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But when the researchers crunched the numbers to find out if there's an upper limit to improving well-being through sex, they found that the happiness maxed out at sex about once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This showed a linear association between sex and happiness up to a frequency of once a week, but at higher frequencies there is no longer an association,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.amymuise.com/\">Amy Muise\u003c/a>, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto Mississauga who led the research, said in an email. \"Therefore it is not necessary, on average, for couples to aim to engage in sex as frequently as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://spp.sagepub.com/content/early/recent\" target=\"_blank\">results\u003c/a> were published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Social Psychology and Personality Science\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the data come from U.S. surveys done in 1996 and 1998, years the researchers picked because those sets of data had information on both marital status and relationship status. Surely things have changed on the relationship front since the Clinton administration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question, Muise and her colleagues also gathered data from a much smaller ethnically diverse group of people online. Those 355 participants also tended to be happier as frequency of sex increased. But the happiness leveled off with sex more than once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make it more interesting, the researchers also compared whether having more sex made people happier than having more money. It turned out that these people think having money would make them happier than having sex. But sex won out over money in that apparently magical once-a-week spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that John Updike was wrong when he wrote: \"Sex is like money; only too much is enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still skeptical? The researchers also used a third national data set that looked at happiness, sex and relationship satisfaction, and found that frequency of sex accounts for just 7 percent of the association between relationship satisfaction and happiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now you may have thought, \"Oh, it's different for men.\" But the researchers found that the once-a-week correlation held steady regardless of people's age, gender or length of relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that Woody Allen was wrong when he wrote this immortal scene in \u003cem>Annie Hall\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alvy's therapist:\u003c/strong> How often do you sleep together?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annie's therapist:\u003c/strong> Do you have sex often?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alvy:\u003c/strong> Hardly ever. Maybe three times a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annie:\u003c/strong> Constantly. I'd say three times a week.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If you're still concerned about discrepancies between the findings and your own experience, don't fret. These studies merely find associations in large groups of people and can't prove a sexual cause for a given happiness effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, what emerges from the group doesn't trump your personal experience. You can go on doing what works for you and your honey. The take-home message, Muise says, is that it's \"important to maintain a sexual connection with a romantic partner, but it is also important to have realistic expectations for one's sex life (given that many couples are busy with work and family responsibilities.)\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+Sex+Once+A+Week+Enough+For+A+Happy+Relationship%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's the time of year when the flu starts circulating more widely and with it -- the myths about the flu shot start circulating, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just over 2 minutes, \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/12/flu_from_a_flu_shot_why_it_s_impossible_to_get_sick_from_the_vaccination.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Slate\u003c/a> does a highly entertaining job of debunking one of the most tenacious myths of all -- that you can get the flu from the flu shot. You can't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"9y0bGYul6YOWIysqD0LulPn3VJ178Iqg\"]The Centers for Disease Control recommends that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/consumer/vaccinations.htm\" target=\"_blank\">everyone over 6 months \u003c/a>get the flu shot. While effectiveness varies from year to year, this year's version is expected to be a good match against the specific strains of influenza that are circulating this season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is impossible to predict if this year's flu season will be particularly bad or not, but the California Department of Public Health reports that two people have already died of complications from the flu, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-083.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">an adult in Santa Clara County \u003c/a>and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-085.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Stanislaus County infant. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's the time of year when the flu starts circulating more widely and with it -- the myths about the flu shot start circulating, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just over 2 minutes, \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/12/flu_from_a_flu_shot_why_it_s_impossible_to_get_sick_from_the_vaccination.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Slate\u003c/a> does a highly entertaining job of debunking one of the most tenacious myths of all -- that you can get the flu from the flu shot. You can't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control recommends that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/consumer/vaccinations.htm\" target=\"_blank\">everyone over 6 months \u003c/a>get the flu shot. While effectiveness varies from year to year, this year's version is expected to be a good match against the specific strains of influenza that are circulating this season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is impossible to predict if this year's flu season will be particularly bad or not, but the California Department of Public Health reports that two people have already died of complications from the flu, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-083.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">an adult in Santa Clara County \u003c/a>and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-085.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Stanislaus County infant. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For Linnea Duvall, a marriage and family therapist who lives and works in Santa Monica, Calif., the symptoms of menopause started when she turned 50. She felt more irritable, a smidge heavier and she started waking up two to three times a night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then she had a hot flash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It felt like a nuclear bomb went off right behind my belly button,\" she says. \"The radiation went out to my fingertips, the tops of my toes, the top of my head and the ends of my hair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Duvall would not consider \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007111.htm\">hormone therapy\u003c/a> to control the flashes. She was terrified. She says she can sum up her fear in two words: \"breast cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand why she feels this way, we have to look back a few decades to a time when many postmenopausal women were taking hormones to treat symptoms. At the time, hormones were thought of as something of an elixir of youth that could also prevent chronic disease. So women took hormones indefinitely. But a huge \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1745676\">study\u003c/a> in 2002 changed everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as the Women's Health Initiative, it found that taking estrogen plus progestin hormone replacement therapy actually increased a woman's risk of heart disease and breast cancer. The study had a huge effect. Within months the number of women taking hormones in the U.S. dropped by almost half. Today, only about 10 percent of women aged 50 or over are on hormone therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a huge overreaction, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.utianllc.com/\">Dr. Wulf Utian\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.menopause.org/\">North American Menopause Society\u003c/a>, particularly in light of more recent findings. A more detailed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24084921\">analysis\u003c/a> of the Women's Health Initiative data found that age really made a difference in heart disease risk. For women who started hormone therapy between the ages of 50 and 59, there was a protective \u003ca href=\"http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/whe.15.24\">benefit\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/joann-manson/\">Dr. JoAnn Manson\u003c/a>, one of the lead investigators of the study and a professor of medicine at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women who take hormones earlier after the onset of menopause may experience less plaque, blood vessel blockage, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/atherosclerosis\">atherosclerosis,\u003c/a> Manson says, \"And possibly even a reduced risk of heart attack. But for women over the age of 60 the benefit seems to disappear. This is probably because older women already have plaque buildup, Manson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Denmark also \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6409\">found\u003c/a> that age makes a difference. They looked at 1,000 healthy women between the ages of 45 and 58. The women who took hormones experienced significantly reduced risk of mortality, heart failure and heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, menopausal women are young in the scale of things, says Dr. Wulf Utian, noting that menopause typically starts between age 45 and 60. If women start hormones within in a few years of menopause or even a few years before, he says there are numerous benefits beyond controlling hot flashes. These benefits include reduced risk of bone fractures, reduced risk of diabetes and for many women, an overall boost in their quality of life — meaning better sleep, maintenance of libido and more comfortable sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In my opinion, the best recommendation would be for some form of hormone therapy,\" says Utian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's the worry. Studies do confirm an increased risk of breast cancer among women taking hormones, regardless of age. Manson says any risk is worrisome, but it's important to put this risk in perspective and understand that it is actually small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For every 1,000 women per year not using hormone therapy about 3 would develop breast cancer,\" Manson says. \"And among every 1,000 women using hormone therapy about 4 of them would develop breast cancer, so that's about 1 extra case of breast cancer per 1,000 women per year on hormone therapy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where things get tricky. There is no consensus in the medical community on whether the symptom relief is worth the extra risk. Different doctors interpret risk differently. And if you're a breast oncologist like \u003ca href=\"http://www.labiomed.org/researchers/rowan-t-chlebowski-md-phd\">Dr. Rowan Chlebowski\u003c/a> at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, any risk is too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a disease that I see every day,\" Chlebowsi says. \"So I think that's something to be avoided.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlebowski a\u003ca href=\"#_msocom_1\" name=\"_msoanchor_1\">\u003c/a>dds that hormone therapy also makes it more difficult to read mammograms, since hormones make the breast denser. If mammograms are more difficult to read, it's harder to diagnose breast cancer in its earliest stage when it's most treatable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So bottom line — this really \u003cem>is\u003c/em> an individual decision between a woman and her doctor, a decision based on how much risk a woman can tolerate in favor of symptom control and other potential benefits. Researcher Joann Manson says if a woman chooses hormone therapy, then the lowest possible dose for the shortest amount of time is probably safe for most women.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hormones+May+Help+Younger+Women+With+Menopause+Symptoms&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as the Women's Health Initiative, it found that taking estrogen plus progestin hormone replacement therapy actually increased a woman's risk of heart disease and breast cancer. The study had a huge effect. Within months the number of women taking hormones in the U.S. dropped by almost half. Today, only about 10 percent of women aged 50 or over are on hormone therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a huge overreaction, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.utianllc.com/\">Dr. Wulf Utian\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.menopause.org/\">North American Menopause Society\u003c/a>, particularly in light of more recent findings. A more detailed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24084921\">analysis\u003c/a> of the Women's Health Initiative data found that age really made a difference in heart disease risk. For women who started hormone therapy between the ages of 50 and 59, there was a protective \u003ca href=\"http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/whe.15.24\">benefit\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/joann-manson/\">Dr. JoAnn Manson\u003c/a>, one of the lead investigators of the study and a professor of medicine at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women who take hormones earlier after the onset of menopause may experience less plaque, blood vessel blockage, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/atherosclerosis\">atherosclerosis,\u003c/a> Manson says, \"And possibly even a reduced risk of heart attack. But for women over the age of 60 the benefit seems to disappear. This is probably because older women already have plaque buildup, Manson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Denmark also \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6409\">found\u003c/a> that age makes a difference. They looked at 1,000 healthy women between the ages of 45 and 58. The women who took hormones experienced significantly reduced risk of mortality, heart failure and heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, menopausal women are young in the scale of things, says Dr. Wulf Utian, noting that menopause typically starts between age 45 and 60. If women start hormones within in a few years of menopause or even a few years before, he says there are numerous benefits beyond controlling hot flashes. These benefits include reduced risk of bone fractures, reduced risk of diabetes and for many women, an overall boost in their quality of life — meaning better sleep, maintenance of libido and more comfortable sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In my opinion, the best recommendation would be for some form of hormone therapy,\" says Utian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's the worry. Studies do confirm an increased risk of breast cancer among women taking hormones, regardless of age. Manson says any risk is worrisome, but it's important to put this risk in perspective and understand that it is actually small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For every 1,000 women per year not using hormone therapy about 3 would develop breast cancer,\" Manson says. \"And among every 1,000 women using hormone therapy about 4 of them would develop breast cancer, so that's about 1 extra case of breast cancer per 1,000 women per year on hormone therapy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where things get tricky. There is no consensus in the medical community on whether the symptom relief is worth the extra risk. Different doctors interpret risk differently. And if you're a breast oncologist like \u003ca href=\"http://www.labiomed.org/researchers/rowan-t-chlebowski-md-phd\">Dr. Rowan Chlebowski\u003c/a> at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, any risk is too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a disease that I see every day,\" Chlebowsi says. \"So I think that's something to be avoided.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlebowski a\u003ca href=\"#_msocom_1\" name=\"_msoanchor_1\">\u003c/a>dds that hormone therapy also makes it more difficult to read mammograms, since hormones make the breast denser. If mammograms are more difficult to read, it's harder to diagnose breast cancer in its earliest stage when it's most treatable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So bottom line — this really \u003cem>is\u003c/em> an individual decision between a woman and her doctor, a decision based on how much risk a woman can tolerate in favor of symptom control and other potential benefits. Researcher Joann Manson says if a woman chooses hormone therapy, then the lowest possible dose for the shortest amount of time is probably safe for most women.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hormones+May+Help+Younger+Women+With+Menopause+Symptoms&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you've made it past the headline, you deserve to know more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's right, a 26-year-old Napa man went to the Queen of the Valley Medical Center ER with an awful headache and nausea, went into a coma and when he woke up was told there was a\u003cem> tapeworm larva \u003c/em>living in his brain. (I tend not to use italics, but it seemed like emphasis was needed in this case.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press picks up the story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>College student Luis Ortiz, 26, of Napa said doctors told him he needed immediate surgery to remove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was shocked,\" Ortiz said. \"I just couldn't believe something like that would happen to me. I didn't know there was a parasite in my head trying to ruin my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surgery and the aftermath have greatly impacted his life, Ortiz said. He had to drop out of school, move back home and find a temporary place for his dog. He can't drive or work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My memory is like a work in progress,\" he said. \"It gets better from therapy,\" but he has to remind himself to do his memory exercises and other daily tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz's neurosurgeon, Dr. Soren Singel, said Ortiz was lucky he arrived at the hospital when he did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worm was forming in a cyst that was blocking the flow of water to chambers in his brain, \"like a cork in a bottle,\" Singel told the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/1RQzfHc\" target=\"_blank\">Napa Valley Register\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 30 minutes of that blockage, and \"he would have been dead,\" Singel said. \"It was a close call.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz said his headaches began in late August and he didn't think much of it at first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just ignored it,\" said Ortiz, who was attending California State University, Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first days of September, Ortiz had been skateboarding on a warm day when the pain increased. When he arrived at his mother's house, he appeared disoriented and began to vomit. She rushed him to the hospital.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By now I'm sure you're wondering how a tapeworm larva got to Ortiz's brain in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how he did not get it: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/\" target=\"_blank\">He did not get it from eating undercooked pork\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eating undercooked pork can only give you an intestinal tapeworm, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control \u003c/a>says, and then only if it is also infected with tapeworm larva. The larva mature in the intestine and give you a tapeworm. The tapeworm spews eggs but they do not travel through the body. They end up in the toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Ray Kuhn at Wake Forest University is an expert on parasites. \"The only way you can get the [tapeworm] larva is for the person to actually eat the eggs of the tapeworm, and that is only found in human fecal material.\" That's how pigs get infected as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How do we get it? \"It's possible that people preparing foods will have the tapeworm and don't use good bathroom sanitation and go back to preparing food,\" Kuhn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet another reason why good hand-washing is so important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated with more information about how the larvae are spread.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you've made it past the headline, you deserve to know more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's right, a 26-year-old Napa man went to the Queen of the Valley Medical Center ER with an awful headache and nausea, went into a coma and when he woke up was told there was a\u003cem> tapeworm larva \u003c/em>living in his brain. (I tend not to use italics, but it seemed like emphasis was needed in this case.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press picks up the story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>College student Luis Ortiz, 26, of Napa said doctors told him he needed immediate surgery to remove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was shocked,\" Ortiz said. \"I just couldn't believe something like that would happen to me. I didn't know there was a parasite in my head trying to ruin my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surgery and the aftermath have greatly impacted his life, Ortiz said. He had to drop out of school, move back home and find a temporary place for his dog. He can't drive or work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My memory is like a work in progress,\" he said. \"It gets better from therapy,\" but he has to remind himself to do his memory exercises and other daily tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz's neurosurgeon, Dr. Soren Singel, said Ortiz was lucky he arrived at the hospital when he did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worm was forming in a cyst that was blocking the flow of water to chambers in his brain, \"like a cork in a bottle,\" Singel told the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/1RQzfHc\" target=\"_blank\">Napa Valley Register\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 30 minutes of that blockage, and \"he would have been dead,\" Singel said. \"It was a close call.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz said his headaches began in late August and he didn't think much of it at first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just ignored it,\" said Ortiz, who was attending California State University, Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first days of September, Ortiz had been skateboarding on a warm day when the pain increased. When he arrived at his mother's house, he appeared disoriented and began to vomit. She rushed him to the hospital.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By now I'm sure you're wondering how a tapeworm larva got to Ortiz's brain in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how he did not get it: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/\" target=\"_blank\">He did not get it from eating undercooked pork\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eating undercooked pork can only give you an intestinal tapeworm, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control \u003c/a>says, and then only if it is also infected with tapeworm larva. The larva mature in the intestine and give you a tapeworm. The tapeworm spews eggs but they do not travel through the body. They end up in the toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Ray Kuhn at Wake Forest University is an expert on parasites. \"The only way you can get the [tapeworm] larva is for the person to actually eat the eggs of the tapeworm, and that is only found in human fecal material.\" That's how pigs get infected as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How do we get it? \"It's possible that people preparing foods will have the tapeworm and don't use good bathroom sanitation and go back to preparing food,\" Kuhn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet another reason why good hand-washing is so important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated with more information about how the larvae are spread.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "asian-tiger-mosquitos-disease-spreading-potential-worries-health-officials",
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"content": "\u003cp>At least 28 people in California this year have \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/\">died from West Nile virus\u003c/a>, the neurologically debilitating disease spread through mosquito bites. Riverside and Los Angeles counties both recorded a surge in human infections not seen in several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with peak West Nile virus season coming to an end, attention is shifting to a potentially virulent mosquito species rarely seen in California; \u003ca href=\"http://www.glacvcd.org/vector-information/mosquitoes/invasive-mosquitoes/\">the Asian tiger mosquito\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231398516″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The non-native, disease-carrying pest has been spotted throughout Los Angeles County and other parts of the Southland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s important to let people know what the potential risks are, and how we can take precautions to prevent the mosquitoes from spreading” says Los Angeles City Councilman Mitch O’Farrell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Farrell hosted a public meeting about the potential health risks of the Asian tiger mosquito in L.A.’s Silverlake district on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main worry is over how quickly the Asian tiger mosquito multiplies, reproducing in large numbers and spreading potentially fatal diseases at rates not previously seen with native mosquito species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10744533\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10744533 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The petri dish on the right holds samples of the Asian Tiger mosquito.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The petri dish on the right holds samples of the Asian tiger mosquito. \u003ccite>(Tena Rubio / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The black-and-white-striped bloodsucking member of the \u003cem>Culicidae\u003c/em> family hasn’t been categorized as a major public health crisis yet. But the pest’s gradual migration across parts of Southern California and other parts of the state is being closely tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Currently there’s nothing that these guys are transmitting locally, but we are concerned that they have the potential to,” says Kelly Middleton of the Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re excellent vectors and transmitters of diseases like dengue virus and chikungunya,” says Middleton, who brought samples of the Asian tiger mosquito to Monday’s public meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”tHKm5DYPU3ebp7Wf5gkDx78FWl3z2RHd”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Middleton says the Asian tiger is unusually aggressive and resilient, and unlike mosquitoes normally seen in the state can come out to feed during the day and during times of the year when mosquitoes usually go dormant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job is to proactively monitor mosquito populations and mosquito numbers to keep those numbers down as much as possible,” says Middleton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10744535\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10744535\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Greater L.A. County Vector Control District’s Kelly Middleton after a public meeting in Los Angeles on Monday\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Greater L.A. County Vector Control District’s Kelly Middleton after a public meeting in Los Angeles on Monday \u003ccite>(Tena Rubio )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge we have are in people’s backyards, where we don’t have easy access,” says Middleton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Asian tiger lays its eggs along the waterline of buckets, used tires, plant saucers and even bottle caps that hold water for long periods of time. Thoroughly dumping that water out can make a huge difference in reducing the spread of the mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents should also re-examine those locations where the mosquitoes can thrive. That’s because Asian tiger mosquito eggs can remain alive for years without water, and then hatch when the conditions are more favorable.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At least 28 people in California this year have \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/\">died from West Nile virus\u003c/a>, the neurologically debilitating disease spread through mosquito bites. Riverside and Los Angeles counties both recorded a surge in human infections not seen in several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with peak West Nile virus season coming to an end, attention is shifting to a potentially virulent mosquito species rarely seen in California; \u003ca href=\"http://www.glacvcd.org/vector-information/mosquitoes/invasive-mosquitoes/\">the Asian tiger mosquito\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231398516″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231398516″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The non-native, disease-carrying pest has been spotted throughout Los Angeles County and other parts of the Southland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s important to let people know what the potential risks are, and how we can take precautions to prevent the mosquitoes from spreading” says Los Angeles City Councilman Mitch O’Farrell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Farrell hosted a public meeting about the potential health risks of the Asian tiger mosquito in L.A.’s Silverlake district on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main worry is over how quickly the Asian tiger mosquito multiplies, reproducing in large numbers and spreading potentially fatal diseases at rates not previously seen with native mosquito species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10744533\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10744533 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The petri dish on the right holds samples of the Asian Tiger mosquito.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-samples-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The petri dish on the right holds samples of the Asian tiger mosquito. \u003ccite>(Tena Rubio / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The black-and-white-striped bloodsucking member of the \u003cem>Culicidae\u003c/em> family hasn’t been categorized as a major public health crisis yet. But the pest’s gradual migration across parts of Southern California and other parts of the state is being closely tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Currently there’s nothing that these guys are transmitting locally, but we are concerned that they have the potential to,” says Kelly Middleton of the Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re excellent vectors and transmitters of diseases like dengue virus and chikungunya,” says Middleton, who brought samples of the Asian tiger mosquito to Monday’s public meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Middleton says the Asian tiger is unusually aggressive and resilient, and unlike mosquitoes normally seen in the state can come out to feed during the day and during times of the year when mosquitoes usually go dormant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job is to proactively monitor mosquito populations and mosquito numbers to keep those numbers down as much as possible,” says Middleton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10744535\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10744535\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Greater L.A. County Vector Control District’s Kelly Middleton after a public meeting in Los Angeles on Monday\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KM-prof-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Greater L.A. County Vector Control District’s Kelly Middleton after a public meeting in Los Angeles on Monday \u003ccite>(Tena Rubio )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge we have are in people’s backyards, where we don’t have easy access,” says Middleton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Asian tiger lays its eggs along the waterline of buckets, used tires, plant saucers and even bottle caps that hold water for long periods of time. Thoroughly dumping that water out can make a huge difference in reducing the spread of the mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents should also re-examine those locations where the mosquitoes can thrive. That’s because Asian tiger mosquito eggs can remain alive for years without water, and then hatch when the conditions are more favorable.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As Obamacare's open enrollment kicks off for the third year, in California, there are still almost \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/new-estimates-of-eligibility-for-aca-coverage-among-the-uninsured/\" target=\"_blank\">4 million people who are uninsured,\u003c/a> part of the many more millions nationally who lack reliable access to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Let's be clear about what overtreatment is not: it's not rationing.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But at the same time that so many are underserved, many more are overserved. This is a hard concept for many Americans to wrap their minds around, the notion that they might be \"overtreated.\" It's against this backdrop that I spoke with Shannon Brownlee at \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyideas.com\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeley Uncharted\u003c/a>, the annual ideas festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownlee literally wrote the book on the topic with \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Overtreated-Medicine-Making-Sicker-Poorer/dp/1582345791\" target=\"_blank\">Overtreated: Why Too Much Medicine is Making us Sicker and Poorer\u003c/a>. Let's be clear about what overtreatment is not: it's not rationing. Rationing is denying care that people need to make them better. Overtreatment is about \"getting care you don't need and that can harm you,\" Brownlee told the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recounted the story of a friend's 89-year-old father, an active man and avid golfer. After he developed shortness of breath, his cardiologist determined he needed a heart valve replaced. The man \"sailed through the surgery,\" Brownlee said. But the pre-operative work-up had also revealed colon cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family tried to dissuade the man from doing anything, Brownlee went on. \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/colorectal-cancer-screening\" target=\"_blank\">Current guidelines \u003c/a>say that people older than 85 do not need to be screened for colon cancer -- the cancer is so slow growing, a person is significantly more likely to die with it, not from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the man could not be dissuaded. He had the surgery and contracted an infection -- with C-difficile, an antibiotic-resistant bacteria that's very difficult to treat. It left him with chronic diarrhea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He died six months later,\" Brownlee said, \"in a nursing home, having uncontrolled diarrhea for the last six months of his life, in despair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's tempting to think of these stories as isolated incidents, but they're disturbingly common. Analyses show \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=744298\" target=\"_blank\">about one-third\u003c/a> of everything we do in medicine is unnecessary. It happens across the system -- in hospitals, nursing homes, in all specialties of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overuse is pervasive,\" Brownlee says, \"it's in the air we breathe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"37yGQs0b8Fd9UvYBhCRmXYOulu1j0uNn\"]Brownlee said multiple forces contribute to overuse, but most of the ones that spring promptly to mind are not the big drivers. Doctors often point to \"defensive medicine\" -- that they do more to leave no stone unturned to avoid a potential lawsuit -- or they say that it is patients who demand to do everything possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownlee says these are certainly factors, but they're small. The big driver is money. \"We treat health care like a business,\" Brownlee says. \"We don't treat it like a public good.\" The payment system -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/fee-for-service/\" target=\"_blank\">fee-for-service medicine\u003c/a> -- has always favored doing more, as opposed to doing things that might make the patient better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while medicine is based in science, that does not mean that everything your doctor recommends is based on scientific evidence. \"About 50 percent of what physicians do is backed up by valid evidence,\" Brownlee says. \"I think about that in the context of airplane safety: the pilot comes out from the cockpit and says, 'I don't know what half of these dials do, but I think I can fly the plane anyway.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By this point I was flooded with questions from the audience -- sent up to me on index cards -- and plenty of people wanted to know how they were supposed to determine which half of the treatments their doctors recommended were actually backed up by evidence. After all, your doctor is the one who went to medical school. Most patients have not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if you have no medical background, you \"can be informed, as most patients can, of what the tradeoffs are of different treatment choices,\" Brownlee said. She pointed to an approach called \u003ca href=\"http://www.informedmedicaldecisions.org/what-is-share%E2%80%A6\" target=\"_blank\">shared decision making\u003c/a>, a collaborative process between doctors and patients where they weigh together both the scientific evidence -- and a patients' values and preferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The easiest place to think of weighing evidence and values is in end-of-life care. But it applies in many areas of medicine from cancer screening to knee surgery to gall bladder surgery and more, Brownlee says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are\u003ca href=\"http://www.informedmedicaldecisions.org/patient-resources/\" target=\"_blank\"> online tools and other decision aids\u003c/a> where patients can review their choices and \"understand ... what the tradeoffs are, what the potential benefits are, what the potential harms are,\" Brownlee says, and then have a detailed conversation with their doctors about a treatment path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shared decision making approach is something patients themselves can start demanding, but fundamentally, Brownlee says, we need a different payment model. Right now, overall, the more doctors or hospitals do, the more they get paid. Hospitals \"don't know how to care for a population of patients within a budget,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. national health care spend is an almost-impossible-to-imagine \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/health-expenditures.htm\" target=\"_blank\">$3 trillion,\u003c/a> more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/health-expenditures.htm\" target=\"_blank\">$9,200 per person\u003c/a>, and, again, half of that is not backed up by evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By wasting money, resources and time on care people don't need,\" Brownlee says, \"we are robbing many, many Americans of care they really do need.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As Obamacare's open enrollment kicks off for the third year, in California, there are still almost \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/new-estimates-of-eligibility-for-aca-coverage-among-the-uninsured/\" target=\"_blank\">4 million people who are uninsured,\u003c/a> part of the many more millions nationally who lack reliable access to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Let's be clear about what overtreatment is not: it's not rationing.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But at the same time that so many are underserved, many more are overserved. This is a hard concept for many Americans to wrap their minds around, the notion that they might be \"overtreated.\" It's against this backdrop that I spoke with Shannon Brownlee at \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyideas.com\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeley Uncharted\u003c/a>, the annual ideas festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownlee literally wrote the book on the topic with \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Overtreated-Medicine-Making-Sicker-Poorer/dp/1582345791\" target=\"_blank\">Overtreated: Why Too Much Medicine is Making us Sicker and Poorer\u003c/a>. Let's be clear about what overtreatment is not: it's not rationing. Rationing is denying care that people need to make them better. Overtreatment is about \"getting care you don't need and that can harm you,\" Brownlee told the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recounted the story of a friend's 89-year-old father, an active man and avid golfer. After he developed shortness of breath, his cardiologist determined he needed a heart valve replaced. The man \"sailed through the surgery,\" Brownlee said. But the pre-operative work-up had also revealed colon cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family tried to dissuade the man from doing anything, Brownlee went on. \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/colorectal-cancer-screening\" target=\"_blank\">Current guidelines \u003c/a>say that people older than 85 do not need to be screened for colon cancer -- the cancer is so slow growing, a person is significantly more likely to die with it, not from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the man could not be dissuaded. He had the surgery and contracted an infection -- with C-difficile, an antibiotic-resistant bacteria that's very difficult to treat. It left him with chronic diarrhea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He died six months later,\" Brownlee said, \"in a nursing home, having uncontrolled diarrhea for the last six months of his life, in despair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's tempting to think of these stories as isolated incidents, but they're disturbingly common. Analyses show \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=744298\" target=\"_blank\">about one-third\u003c/a> of everything we do in medicine is unnecessary. It happens across the system -- in hospitals, nursing homes, in all specialties of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overuse is pervasive,\" Brownlee says, \"it's in the air we breathe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Brownlee said multiple forces contribute to overuse, but most of the ones that spring promptly to mind are not the big drivers. Doctors often point to \"defensive medicine\" -- that they do more to leave no stone unturned to avoid a potential lawsuit -- or they say that it is patients who demand to do everything possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownlee says these are certainly factors, but they're small. The big driver is money. \"We treat health care like a business,\" Brownlee says. \"We don't treat it like a public good.\" The payment system -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/fee-for-service/\" target=\"_blank\">fee-for-service medicine\u003c/a> -- has always favored doing more, as opposed to doing things that might make the patient better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while medicine is based in science, that does not mean that everything your doctor recommends is based on scientific evidence. \"About 50 percent of what physicians do is backed up by valid evidence,\" Brownlee says. \"I think about that in the context of airplane safety: the pilot comes out from the cockpit and says, 'I don't know what half of these dials do, but I think I can fly the plane anyway.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By this point I was flooded with questions from the audience -- sent up to me on index cards -- and plenty of people wanted to know how they were supposed to determine which half of the treatments their doctors recommended were actually backed up by evidence. After all, your doctor is the one who went to medical school. Most patients have not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if you have no medical background, you \"can be informed, as most patients can, of what the tradeoffs are of different treatment choices,\" Brownlee said. She pointed to an approach called \u003ca href=\"http://www.informedmedicaldecisions.org/what-is-share%E2%80%A6\" target=\"_blank\">shared decision making\u003c/a>, a collaborative process between doctors and patients where they weigh together both the scientific evidence -- and a patients' values and preferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The easiest place to think of weighing evidence and values is in end-of-life care. But it applies in many areas of medicine from cancer screening to knee surgery to gall bladder surgery and more, Brownlee says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are\u003ca href=\"http://www.informedmedicaldecisions.org/patient-resources/\" target=\"_blank\"> online tools and other decision aids\u003c/a> where patients can review their choices and \"understand ... what the tradeoffs are, what the potential benefits are, what the potential harms are,\" Brownlee says, and then have a detailed conversation with their doctors about a treatment path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shared decision making approach is something patients themselves can start demanding, but fundamentally, Brownlee says, we need a different payment model. Right now, overall, the more doctors or hospitals do, the more they get paid. Hospitals \"don't know how to care for a population of patients within a budget,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. national health care spend is an almost-impossible-to-imagine \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/health-expenditures.htm\" target=\"_blank\">$3 trillion,\u003c/a> more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/health-expenditures.htm\" target=\"_blank\">$9,200 per person\u003c/a>, and, again, half of that is not backed up by evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By wasting money, resources and time on care people don't need,\" Brownlee says, \"we are robbing many, many Americans of care they really do need.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "PriceCheck: How Much for That Flu Shot?",
"title": "PriceCheck: How Much for That Flu Shot?",
"headTitle": "Price Check | State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>It's that time of year. And I don't mean pray for rain (although on the health desk, we're doing that, too). Flu season is ramping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself, the \u003ca href=\"http://flu%20shot%20recommendation%20cdc\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control recommends\u003c/a> that everyone over 6 months get a flu vaccine. While not 100 percent effective, it can keep you from getting the flu -- or, if you do get sick, it can mean a more mild course of illness and help you avoid serious complications, including hospitalization and even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\nShare what you paid for a flu shot on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's PriceCheck\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> When it comes to flu shots, we're also concerned about health care costs. On our \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck\u003c/a>\" project, we're \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/price-check/\" target=\"_blank\">crowdsourcing prices \u003c/a>for everything from mammograms to colonoscopies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now we're looking at cost of flu shots. We want to know what you were charged, what your insurer paid and what you paid (if anything) for your flu vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Affordable Care Act, flu shots are supposed to be covered by your insurance, with no copay or other costs out of your pocket. But the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/answers/affordable-care-act/will-the-aca-cover-my-flu-shot/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Health and Human Services specifies \u003c/a>to check with your insurance company in advance. \"Some insurance plans only cover vaccines given by your doctor or at a limited set of locations,\" HHS says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what's your story? We want to know. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2015/09/pharmacy_flu_vaccine_health_insurance_policies_should_cover_drug_store_shots.single.html\" target=\"_blank\">Slate reporter detailed \u003c/a>the hell he went through in trying to find out why coverage for his flu shot was declined. It wasn't supposed to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go to your own doctor, the shot should be covered, but plenty of people might rather get the flu shot while they're out running errands and pop into any one of a number of big box stores or pharmacies that offer them. Here are a few places, with currently-advertised prices:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.walgreens.com/topic/healthcare-clinic/price-menu.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Walgreens\u003c/a>: $31.99 per dose for ages 2+; mentions insurance, although does not explicitly say plans are accepted\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.target.com/c/flu-shots-pharmacy-health/-/N-4yn83\" target=\"_blank\">Target\u003c/a>: $24.99 per shot; \"most insurance accepted\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.costco.com/Pharmacy/adult-immunization-program.html\" target=\"_blank\">Costco\u003c/a>: $14.99; \"many insurance companies cover immunizations given at the pharmacy\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.walmart.com/cp/Immunizations-Flu-Shots/1228302\" target=\"_blank\">Walmart\u003c/a>: $25.00; \"most insurance plans accepted\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.safeway.com/ShopStores/Flu-Shots.page\" target=\"_blank\">Safeway\u003c/a>: While Safeway does not show on its website how much they'll charge, it does offer a \"10% off groceries\" coupon (unless you live in New Jersey, sorry).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much Did You Pay?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prices above are \"charged prices.\" These may differ from what your insurer pays -- and then there's the question of out-of-pocket costs for you. And are these large chains even \"in network\" for you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We want to know -- after you get your flu shot (or if you've already done it), please visit our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck page\u003c/a>. On the left side of the form, type in \"Flu shot\" under \"procedure or supplies\" then continue down the form filling in where you had received the vaccine and, perhaps most importantly, the three cost items: \"total price charged;\" \"insurance paid;\" and \"you paid.\" Please tell us more about your experience in the \"comments\" box -- and do leave an email address so we can contact you if we have questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks for helping us make health costs transparent. We'll write in a future post about what we learn regarding flu shot costs.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's that time of year. And I don't mean pray for rain (although on the health desk, we're doing that, too). Flu season is ramping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself, the \u003ca href=\"http://flu%20shot%20recommendation%20cdc\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control recommends\u003c/a> that everyone over 6 months get a flu vaccine. While not 100 percent effective, it can keep you from getting the flu -- or, if you do get sick, it can mean a more mild course of illness and help you avoid serious complications, including hospitalization and even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\nShare what you paid for a flu shot on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's PriceCheck\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> When it comes to flu shots, we're also concerned about health care costs. On our \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck\u003c/a>\" project, we're \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/price-check/\" target=\"_blank\">crowdsourcing prices \u003c/a>for everything from mammograms to colonoscopies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now we're looking at cost of flu shots. We want to know what you were charged, what your insurer paid and what you paid (if anything) for your flu vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Affordable Care Act, flu shots are supposed to be covered by your insurance, with no copay or other costs out of your pocket. But the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/answers/affordable-care-act/will-the-aca-cover-my-flu-shot/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Health and Human Services specifies \u003c/a>to check with your insurance company in advance. \"Some insurance plans only cover vaccines given by your doctor or at a limited set of locations,\" HHS says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what's your story? We want to know. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2015/09/pharmacy_flu_vaccine_health_insurance_policies_should_cover_drug_store_shots.single.html\" target=\"_blank\">Slate reporter detailed \u003c/a>the hell he went through in trying to find out why coverage for his flu shot was declined. It wasn't supposed to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go to your own doctor, the shot should be covered, but plenty of people might rather get the flu shot while they're out running errands and pop into any one of a number of big box stores or pharmacies that offer them. Here are a few places, with currently-advertised prices:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.walgreens.com/topic/healthcare-clinic/price-menu.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Walgreens\u003c/a>: $31.99 per dose for ages 2+; mentions insurance, although does not explicitly say plans are accepted\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.target.com/c/flu-shots-pharmacy-health/-/N-4yn83\" target=\"_blank\">Target\u003c/a>: $24.99 per shot; \"most insurance accepted\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.costco.com/Pharmacy/adult-immunization-program.html\" target=\"_blank\">Costco\u003c/a>: $14.99; \"many insurance companies cover immunizations given at the pharmacy\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.walmart.com/cp/Immunizations-Flu-Shots/1228302\" target=\"_blank\">Walmart\u003c/a>: $25.00; \"most insurance plans accepted\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.safeway.com/ShopStores/Flu-Shots.page\" target=\"_blank\">Safeway\u003c/a>: While Safeway does not show on its website how much they'll charge, it does offer a \"10% off groceries\" coupon (unless you live in New Jersey, sorry).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much Did You Pay?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prices above are \"charged prices.\" These may differ from what your insurer pays -- and then there's the question of out-of-pocket costs for you. And are these large chains even \"in network\" for you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We want to know -- after you get your flu shot (or if you've already done it), please visit our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck page\u003c/a>. On the left side of the form, type in \"Flu shot\" under \"procedure or supplies\" then continue down the form filling in where you had received the vaccine and, perhaps most importantly, the three cost items: \"total price charged;\" \"insurance paid;\" and \"you paid.\" Please tell us more about your experience in the \"comments\" box -- and do leave an email address so we can contact you if we have questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks for helping us make health costs transparent. We'll write in a future post about what we learn regarding flu shot costs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bad Day For Bacon: Processed Meats Cause Cancer, WHO Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>The World Health Organization has deemed that processed meats — such as bacon, sausages and hot dogs — cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the WHO says red meats including beef, pork, veal and lamb are \"probably carcinogenic\" to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">World Health Organization conclusion puts processed meats in same category as tobacco smoking and asbestos ...\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A group of 22 scientists reviewed the evidence linking red meat and processed meat consumption to cancer, and concluded that eating processed meats regularly increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Their evidence review is explained in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2815%2900444-1/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">article\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>The Lancet.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusion puts processed meats in the same \u003ca href=\"http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/ClassificationsAlphaOrder.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">category of cancer risk\u003c/a> as tobacco smoking and asbestos. This does not mean that they are equally dangerous, says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iarc.fr/\" target=\"_blank\">International Agency for Research on Cancer\u003c/a> — the agency within the WHO that sets the classifications. And it's important to note that even things such as aloe vera are on the list of possible carcinogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Q & A released by the IARC, the agency says that \"eating meat has known health benefits,\" but it also points out that the cancer risk increases with the amount of meat consumed. As we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/03/12/148457233/death-by-bacon-study-finds-eating-meat-is-risky\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>, studies show that the heaviest meat eaters tend to have the highest risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IARC says high-temperature cooking methods (such as cooking meat in direct contact with a flame) produce more carcinogenic compounds. However, the group says there were not enough data \"to reach a conclusion about whether the way meat is cooked affects the risk of cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/research/acsresearchers/susan-gapstur-phd-mph\">Susan Gapstur\u003c/a> of the American Cancer Society says the society recommends \"consuming a healthy diet with an emphasis on plant foods and limiting consumption of processed meat and red meat,\" she told us in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">... WHO also says red meats including beef, pork, veal and lamb are “probably carcinogenic” to people.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The recommendation, Gapstur tells The Salt, is based on research. For instance, a systematic literature review on colorectal cancer published in 2011 by the World Cancer Research Fund found a statistically significant, 16 percent increased risk of colorectal cancer associated with each 3.5 ounces of red and processed meat consumed per day. As the ACS points out, this is an amount of meat roughly equivalent in size to a deck of cards. And according to the experts convened by IARC to make its new evaluation, eating just half that amount of processed meats daily – about 1.8 ounces per day — will increase the risk of colorectal cancer — by about 18 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Lancet\u003c/em> paper points out that red meat also contains \"high biological-value proteins and important micronutrients such as B vitamins, iron and zinc.\" And the North American Meat Institute says lots of research points to the benefits of red meat consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Scientific evidence shows cancer is a complex disease not caused by single foods and that a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle choices are essential to good health,\" writes Barry Carpenter, president of the North American Meat Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.meatinstitute.org/index.php?ht=display/ReleaseDetails/i/116609\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> on the new WHO classification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carpenter says it's important to put this new classification in context. \"IARC's panel was given the basic task of looking at hazards that meat could pose at some level, under circumstance, but was not asked to consider any off-setting benefits, like the nutrition that meat delivers or the implications of drastically reducing or removing meat from the diet altogether,\" the statement concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Bad+Day+For+Bacon%3A+Processed+Meats+Cause+Cancer%2C+WHO+Says+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The World Health Organization has deemed that processed meats — such as bacon, sausages and hot dogs — cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the WHO says red meats including beef, pork, veal and lamb are \"probably carcinogenic\" to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">World Health Organization conclusion puts processed meats in same category as tobacco smoking and asbestos ...\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A group of 22 scientists reviewed the evidence linking red meat and processed meat consumption to cancer, and concluded that eating processed meats regularly increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Their evidence review is explained in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2815%2900444-1/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">article\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>The Lancet.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusion puts processed meats in the same \u003ca href=\"http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/ClassificationsAlphaOrder.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">category of cancer risk\u003c/a> as tobacco smoking and asbestos. This does not mean that they are equally dangerous, says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iarc.fr/\" target=\"_blank\">International Agency for Research on Cancer\u003c/a> — the agency within the WHO that sets the classifications. And it's important to note that even things such as aloe vera are on the list of possible carcinogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Q & A released by the IARC, the agency says that \"eating meat has known health benefits,\" but it also points out that the cancer risk increases with the amount of meat consumed. As we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/03/12/148457233/death-by-bacon-study-finds-eating-meat-is-risky\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>, studies show that the heaviest meat eaters tend to have the highest risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IARC says high-temperature cooking methods (such as cooking meat in direct contact with a flame) produce more carcinogenic compounds. However, the group says there were not enough data \"to reach a conclusion about whether the way meat is cooked affects the risk of cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/research/acsresearchers/susan-gapstur-phd-mph\">Susan Gapstur\u003c/a> of the American Cancer Society says the society recommends \"consuming a healthy diet with an emphasis on plant foods and limiting consumption of processed meat and red meat,\" she told us in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">... WHO also says red meats including beef, pork, veal and lamb are “probably carcinogenic” to people.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The recommendation, Gapstur tells The Salt, is based on research. For instance, a systematic literature review on colorectal cancer published in 2011 by the World Cancer Research Fund found a statistically significant, 16 percent increased risk of colorectal cancer associated with each 3.5 ounces of red and processed meat consumed per day. As the ACS points out, this is an amount of meat roughly equivalent in size to a deck of cards. And according to the experts convened by IARC to make its new evaluation, eating just half that amount of processed meats daily – about 1.8 ounces per day — will increase the risk of colorectal cancer — by about 18 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Lancet\u003c/em> paper points out that red meat also contains \"high biological-value proteins and important micronutrients such as B vitamins, iron and zinc.\" And the North American Meat Institute says lots of research points to the benefits of red meat consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Scientific evidence shows cancer is a complex disease not caused by single foods and that a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle choices are essential to good health,\" writes Barry Carpenter, president of the North American Meat Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.meatinstitute.org/index.php?ht=display/ReleaseDetails/i/116609\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> on the new WHO classification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carpenter says it's important to put this new classification in context. \"IARC's panel was given the basic task of looking at hazards that meat could pose at some level, under circumstance, but was not asked to consider any off-setting benefits, like the nutrition that meat delivers or the implications of drastically reducing or removing meat from the diet altogether,\" the statement concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Bad+Day+For+Bacon%3A+Processed+Meats+Cause+Cancer%2C+WHO+Says+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When it comes to feats of speed and strength, \u003cem>Homo sapiens \u003c/em>is a pretty pitiful species. The list of animals that can outsprint us is embarrassing. There's the cheetah, of course, but also horses, ostriches, greyhounds, grizzly bears, kangaroos, wild boars, even some house cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usain Bolt, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PH0SV4j1Es\" target=\"_blank\">the fastest man alive\u003c/a>, ran 100 meters in 9.58 seconds. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNjUOK8sJWs\" target=\"_blank\">A cheetah has done it in 5.95\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-97347 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a.jpg\" alt=\"Humans aren't very good at sprinting.\" width=\"1278\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a.jpg 1278w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the their speed unspooling fishing lines, we think \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mD7t057XIi8\" target=\"_blank\">black marlins can travel 80 mph\u003c/a>. But you don't need the fastest fish on the planet to make gold medal swimmer \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Ulet_VAAt-A\" target=\"_blank\">César Cielo\u003c/a> look slow. He also falls behind the Gentoo penguin and the common octopus, not to mention a whole lot of species of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97348\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615.jpg\" alt=\"Humans aren't very good at swimming.\" width=\"1278\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615.jpg 1278w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xgl9_xlL_0\" target=\"_blank\">snow leopard\u003c/a> easily jumps farther than world-record holder \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0WfsAwvTSU\" target=\"_blank\">Mike Powell\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97349\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511.jpg\" alt=\"Humans aren't very good at jumping.\" width=\"1278\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511.jpg 1278w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An elephant can lift more than Belorussian sensation \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQZjC7cNbyE\" target=\"_blank\">Leonid Taranenko\u003c/a>, and that's just with its trunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97350\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821.jpg\" alt=\"Humans aren't very good at lifting.\" width=\"1278\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821.jpg 1278w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is one event where humans might best every other species: the marathon. We may not be sprinters, but we can run incredibly long distances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vS2YVN0OAdc\" target=\"_blank\">video \u003c/a>from NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://skunkbear.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Skunk Bear\u003c/a> explores the physiology and evolution behind humanity's secret power, and takes you to a race in Wales that pits humans against horses. Now there's one human vs. animal race where we stand a chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+How+You+Can+Outrun+A+Horse&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Humans are pathetic at athletic feats compared to animals. We get outrun by ostriches and outswum by penguins. But human physiology makes us aces at one sport: endurance running. Sorry, horse.",
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"description": "Humans are pathetic at athletic feats compared to animals. We get outrun by ostriches and outswum by penguins. But human physiology makes us aces at one sport: endurance running. Sorry, horse.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to feats of speed and strength, \u003cem>Homo sapiens \u003c/em>is a pretty pitiful species. The list of animals that can outsprint us is embarrassing. There's the cheetah, of course, but also horses, ostriches, greyhounds, grizzly bears, kangaroos, wild boars, even some house cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usain Bolt, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PH0SV4j1Es\" target=\"_blank\">the fastest man alive\u003c/a>, ran 100 meters in 9.58 seconds. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNjUOK8sJWs\" target=\"_blank\">A cheetah has done it in 5.95\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-97347 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a.jpg\" alt=\"Humans aren't very good at sprinting.\" width=\"1278\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a.jpg 1278w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/sprint_00001_wide-1ca63182e6234813ad96fbda4b803ce1e8d54d6a-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the their speed unspooling fishing lines, we think \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mD7t057XIi8\" target=\"_blank\">black marlins can travel 80 mph\u003c/a>. But you don't need the fastest fish on the planet to make gold medal swimmer \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Ulet_VAAt-A\" target=\"_blank\">César Cielo\u003c/a> look slow. He also falls behind the Gentoo penguin and the common octopus, not to mention a whole lot of species of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97348\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615.jpg\" alt=\"Humans aren't very good at swimming.\" width=\"1278\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615.jpg 1278w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00000_wide-a8cea9e12cb721c3c7f7e69764b99382251d0615-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xgl9_xlL_0\" target=\"_blank\">snow leopard\u003c/a> easily jumps farther than world-record holder \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0WfsAwvTSU\" target=\"_blank\">Mike Powell\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97349\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511.jpg\" alt=\"Humans aren't very good at jumping.\" width=\"1278\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511.jpg 1278w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00003_wide-56ef0b02925d223c7c85bc309bfa2a0463cb0511-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An elephant can lift more than Belorussian sensation \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQZjC7cNbyE\" target=\"_blank\">Leonid Taranenko\u003c/a>, and that's just with its trunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97350\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821.jpg\" alt=\"Humans aren't very good at lifting.\" width=\"1278\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821.jpg 1278w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ao_00002_wide-775d13a3d99505591f50c76606707ffb1abed821-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is one event where humans might best every other species: the marathon. We may not be sprinters, but we can run incredibly long distances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vS2YVN0OAdc\" target=\"_blank\">video \u003c/a>from NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://skunkbear.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Skunk Bear\u003c/a> explores the physiology and evolution behind humanity's secret power, and takes you to a race in Wales that pits humans against horses. Now there's one human vs. animal race where we stand a chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+How+You+Can+Outrun+A+Horse&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Doctors, Not Parents, Are The Biggest Obstacle To The HPV Vaccine",
"title": "Doctors, Not Parents, Are The Biggest Obstacle To The HPV Vaccine",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Vaccination rates against human papillomavirus have remained far lower than rates for other routine childhood and teen immunizations. But a big reason for those low rates comes from a surprising source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not hesitant parents refusing the vaccine. Rather, primary care doctors treat the HPV vaccine differently from other routinely recommended immunizations, hesitating to recommend it fully and on time and approaching their discussions with parents differently, a study finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The single biggest barrier to increasing HPV vaccination is not receiving a health care provider's recommendation,\" said lead study author Melissa Gilkey, an assistant professor of population medicine at Harvard Medical School. That's more of an issue, she says, than parents' decisions to refuse or delay HPV vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem? \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/\" target=\"_blank\">HPV infections\u003c/a> are most commonly — though not always — transmitted sexually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These findings add to a growing literature that suggests that some providers find the interpersonal environment to be challenging when it comes to talking about HPV vaccination,\" said Gilkey. \"Discomfort talking about sex appears to be a more salient factor\" than safety concerns about the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all cervical cancers result from HPV infections, which can also cause vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile or head and neck cancers. Although most strains of HPV infections go away on their own, a three-dose series of the vaccine protects against \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2014/12/11/newest-hpv-vaccine-protects-against-9-strains/\" target=\"_blank\">the strains responsible\u003c/a> for an \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2015/06/22/gardasil-9-effectively-stops-90-percent-of-cancers-caused-by-hpv-in-girls-and-boys/\" target=\"_blank\">estimated 90 percent\u003c/a> of HPV-related cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/vaccine.html\">recommends it\u003c/a> for all girls and boys ages 11 and 12 because it's most effective prior to first engaging in sexual activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine has not been out long enough to establish how much cancer it will prevent, since most cancers take years to develop after an HPV infection. But multiple studies have shown reduced rates among vaccinated people of the precancerous lesions that grow into cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/30/398872421/the-great-success-and-enduring-dilemma-of-cervical-cancer-screening\" target=\"_blank\">regular screenings have reduced rates of cervical cancer\u003c/a> in the U.S., the other HPV-related cancers do not have reliable screening tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-vaccine-hcp.htm\" target=\"_blank\">safety and effectiveness\u003c/a> of the vaccines, only 38 percent of teen girls and 14 percent of teen boys receive all three doses of the vaccine, the study noted, far below rates typically in the 80 and 90 percents for other vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although this study may surprise many, this very concern about provider hesitancy has been at the forefront of the CDC's concern,\" said William Schaffner, a professor of preventive medicine and infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. He said it started with strong pushback when the vaccine debuted, as many people focused on the mode of transmission rather than the disease itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns that the vaccine would encourage promiscuity or would cause serious side effects dominated the conversation, but dozens of studies since have proven these \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24488747\" target=\"_blank\">concerns unfounded\u003c/a>, Schaffner explained. \"So many doctors were so bruised by all that parental reaction that now they're very tenuous,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilkey's team sent out an online survey to 2,368 primary care physicians, about half pediatricians and half family doctors. Of the little over 1,000 who responded, 776 of them met the criteria and completed the survey. The \u003ca href=\"Users</p><p>shuteAppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary%20Internet%20FilesContent.OutlookZ762YOGRdx.doi.org10.11581055-9965.EPI-15-0326\" target=\"_blank\">results\u003c/a>, published in Thursday in \u003cem>Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention,\u003c/em> a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, found that more than a quarter of the respondents (27 percent) reported that they do not strongly endorse the HPV vaccine in talking with their patients' families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were also less likely to recommend on-time vaccination for boys than for girls. Nearly 2 in 5 doctors (39 percent) did not recommend on-time HPV vaccination for their male patients compared with 26 percent for female patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The starkest findings, however, related to how the doctors approach their discussions with parents. Only half recommend the vaccine the same day they discuss it, and 59 percent said they approach discussions by assessing the child's risk for contracting the disease rather than consistently recommending it to all children as a routine immunization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to make the vaccine not about sex but about routine cancer prevention,\" said Jennifer Edman, an assistant professor of women's primary care at Oregon Health & Science University. Other shots recommended around the same age include the Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis) and meningococcal vaccines, but preventing cancer can seem distant at that age, Edman added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is easy to fall into the trap of negotiating with either the parent or the teen,\" she said, \"and the HPV vaccine can start to seem optional or of less immediate importance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not that the physicians themselves believe the vaccine is unimportant. A full 99 percent of the respondents said they tell their patients that the HPV vaccine prevents cervical cancer and 89 percent explain it prevents genital warts, though just over half say it can prevent other cancers. It's how they perceive the attitudes of their patients' parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of the physicians who responded (47 percent) believed that parents think of the HPV vaccine as only slightly important or not important at all for their preteen children. About a third somewhat or strongly agreed that they expected uncomfortable conversations with families about the vaccine, and a third said discussions were uncomfortable because HPV is a sexually transmitted disease. Yet these perceptions don't match up with reality, Gilkey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were surprised that physicians viewed parents as so unsupportive of HPV vaccination because research with parents themselves tells a somewhat different story,\" she said. \"A lot of parents say that they just need more information. It seems clear that providers need communication strategies for recommending the HPV vaccine with greater confidence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result has been very low coverage for the only vaccine besides hepatitis B that can reduce cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The needle has moved from parental hesitancy to provider hesitancy,\" Schaffner said. \"It's really saddened me because for a long time, an anti-cancer vaccine was a sort of a holy grail in medical research. This is a fabulous advance in women's and men's health, and we're letting young people grow into adulthood without that protection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tara Haelle is a freelance health and science writer based in Peoria, Ill. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/tarahaelle\" target=\"_blank\">@tarahaelle\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors%2C+Not+Parents%2C+Are+The+Biggest+Obstacle+To+The+HPV+Vaccine&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vaccination rates against human papillomavirus have remained far lower than rates for other routine childhood and teen immunizations. But a big reason for those low rates comes from a surprising source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not hesitant parents refusing the vaccine. Rather, primary care doctors treat the HPV vaccine differently from other routinely recommended immunizations, hesitating to recommend it fully and on time and approaching their discussions with parents differently, a study finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The single biggest barrier to increasing HPV vaccination is not receiving a health care provider's recommendation,\" said lead study author Melissa Gilkey, an assistant professor of population medicine at Harvard Medical School. That's more of an issue, she says, than parents' decisions to refuse or delay HPV vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem? \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/\" target=\"_blank\">HPV infections\u003c/a> are most commonly — though not always — transmitted sexually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These findings add to a growing literature that suggests that some providers find the interpersonal environment to be challenging when it comes to talking about HPV vaccination,\" said Gilkey. \"Discomfort talking about sex appears to be a more salient factor\" than safety concerns about the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all cervical cancers result from HPV infections, which can also cause vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile or head and neck cancers. Although most strains of HPV infections go away on their own, a three-dose series of the vaccine protects against \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2014/12/11/newest-hpv-vaccine-protects-against-9-strains/\" target=\"_blank\">the strains responsible\u003c/a> for an \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2015/06/22/gardasil-9-effectively-stops-90-percent-of-cancers-caused-by-hpv-in-girls-and-boys/\" target=\"_blank\">estimated 90 percent\u003c/a> of HPV-related cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/vaccine.html\">recommends it\u003c/a> for all girls and boys ages 11 and 12 because it's most effective prior to first engaging in sexual activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine has not been out long enough to establish how much cancer it will prevent, since most cancers take years to develop after an HPV infection. But multiple studies have shown reduced rates among vaccinated people of the precancerous lesions that grow into cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/30/398872421/the-great-success-and-enduring-dilemma-of-cervical-cancer-screening\" target=\"_blank\">regular screenings have reduced rates of cervical cancer\u003c/a> in the U.S., the other HPV-related cancers do not have reliable screening tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-vaccine-hcp.htm\" target=\"_blank\">safety and effectiveness\u003c/a> of the vaccines, only 38 percent of teen girls and 14 percent of teen boys receive all three doses of the vaccine, the study noted, far below rates typically in the 80 and 90 percents for other vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although this study may surprise many, this very concern about provider hesitancy has been at the forefront of the CDC's concern,\" said William Schaffner, a professor of preventive medicine and infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. He said it started with strong pushback when the vaccine debuted, as many people focused on the mode of transmission rather than the disease itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns that the vaccine would encourage promiscuity or would cause serious side effects dominated the conversation, but dozens of studies since have proven these \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24488747\" target=\"_blank\">concerns unfounded\u003c/a>, Schaffner explained. \"So many doctors were so bruised by all that parental reaction that now they're very tenuous,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilkey's team sent out an online survey to 2,368 primary care physicians, about half pediatricians and half family doctors. Of the little over 1,000 who responded, 776 of them met the criteria and completed the survey. The \u003ca href=\"Users</p><p>shuteAppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary%20Internet%20FilesContent.OutlookZ762YOGRdx.doi.org10.11581055-9965.EPI-15-0326\" target=\"_blank\">results\u003c/a>, published in Thursday in \u003cem>Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention,\u003c/em> a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, found that more than a quarter of the respondents (27 percent) reported that they do not strongly endorse the HPV vaccine in talking with their patients' families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were also less likely to recommend on-time vaccination for boys than for girls. Nearly 2 in 5 doctors (39 percent) did not recommend on-time HPV vaccination for their male patients compared with 26 percent for female patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The starkest findings, however, related to how the doctors approach their discussions with parents. Only half recommend the vaccine the same day they discuss it, and 59 percent said they approach discussions by assessing the child's risk for contracting the disease rather than consistently recommending it to all children as a routine immunization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to make the vaccine not about sex but about routine cancer prevention,\" said Jennifer Edman, an assistant professor of women's primary care at Oregon Health & Science University. Other shots recommended around the same age include the Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis) and meningococcal vaccines, but preventing cancer can seem distant at that age, Edman added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is easy to fall into the trap of negotiating with either the parent or the teen,\" she said, \"and the HPV vaccine can start to seem optional or of less immediate importance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not that the physicians themselves believe the vaccine is unimportant. A full 99 percent of the respondents said they tell their patients that the HPV vaccine prevents cervical cancer and 89 percent explain it prevents genital warts, though just over half say it can prevent other cancers. It's how they perceive the attitudes of their patients' parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of the physicians who responded (47 percent) believed that parents think of the HPV vaccine as only slightly important or not important at all for their preteen children. About a third somewhat or strongly agreed that they expected uncomfortable conversations with families about the vaccine, and a third said discussions were uncomfortable because HPV is a sexually transmitted disease. Yet these perceptions don't match up with reality, Gilkey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were surprised that physicians viewed parents as so unsupportive of HPV vaccination because research with parents themselves tells a somewhat different story,\" she said. \"A lot of parents say that they just need more information. It seems clear that providers need communication strategies for recommending the HPV vaccine with greater confidence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result has been very low coverage for the only vaccine besides hepatitis B that can reduce cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The needle has moved from parental hesitancy to provider hesitancy,\" Schaffner said. \"It's really saddened me because for a long time, an anti-cancer vaccine was a sort of a holy grail in medical research. This is a fabulous advance in women's and men's health, and we're letting young people grow into adulthood without that protection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tara Haelle is a freelance health and science writer based in Peoria, Ill. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/tarahaelle\" target=\"_blank\">@tarahaelle\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors%2C+Not+Parents%2C+Are+The+Biggest+Obstacle+To+The+HPV+Vaccine&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Tracking Food Poisoning Outbreaks, Here's How Yelp Might Fit In",
"title": "In Tracking Food Poisoning Outbreaks, Here's How Yelp Might Fit In",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>As dozens of people began getting sick from a Shigella outbreak at a San Jose restaurant last weekend, Yelp reviewers were on the case – right alongside public health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PLEASE DO NOT EAT HERE!!!!” Pauline A. wrote in her \u003ca href=\"http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.yelp.com/biz/mariscos-san-juan-san-jose-3\" target=\"_blank\">review\u003c/a> on Sunday of the Mariscos San Juan #3 restaurant on 4th Street. “My sister-in-law … and brother-in-law along with his parents ate here Friday night and all four of them ended up in the hospital with food poisoning!!!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same day, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department shut down the restaurant. Two days later, officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sccphd/en-us/Media/Documents/2015%20News%20Releases/Shigella-10-20-15-PM.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">announced\u003c/a> that more than 80 people who had eaten there had become acutely ill, with many requiring hospitalization. Twelve diners went to intensive care units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since then, the outbreak \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sccphd/en-us/HealthProviders/Diseases/Shigella/Pages/Shigella.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">has grown to 110 cases \u003c/a>in Santa Clara and Santa Cruz counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shigellosis is a contagious diarrheal disease caused by the Shigella group of bacteria and can be spread when people don’t wash their hands after using the bathroom. More than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/shigella/general-information.html\" target=\"_blank\">500,000 cases\u003c/a> are reported in the U.S. each year. The disease can cause severe dehydration or fainting and in rare cases may be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some health researchers and public health professionals believe consumer review sites like Yelp might help them identify and investigate food poisoning outbreaks similar to this one. It’s not unlike using Google searches to track potential \u003ca href=\"http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2015/08/the-next-chapter-for-flu-trends.html\" target=\"_blank\">flu and Dengue outbreaks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County epidemiologists currently aren’t using Yelp in their Shigella investigation, and the reviewers apparently were not out ahead of public health officials in this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But earlier research suggests that Yelp reviews may act as an early warning system or identify potential patients that public health officials might not otherwise have found in their food-borne illness investigations, especially if the reviewer did not seek medical care after falling ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"SQtkyoTa00XbSBFEDZfo5qyNX6DVoNjP\"]Public health workers in New York, aided by Columbia University researchers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/05/22/how-new-york-used-yelp-to-find-unreported-cases-of-food-poisoning/\" target=\"_blank\">scanned thousands of Yelp reviews\u003c/a> in 2012 and 2013 to find previously undetected food-borne illness, unearthing nearly 900 cases that were worthy of further investigation by epidemiologists. Ultimately, the researchers found \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24848215\" target=\"_blank\">three previously unreported restaurant-related outbreaks\u003c/a> linked to 16 illnesses that would have merited a public health investigation if officials had known of them at the time. Follow-up inspections of the restaurants found food-handling violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also have examined Twitter and Facebook as possible food-borne illness surveillance tools, and Chicago’s public health agency automatically sends information about its \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodbornechicago.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Foodborne Chicago\u003c/a> reporting site to local Twitter users who complain of food poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Yelp’s usefulness for epidemiologists is going to depend a lot on how it handles food poisoning complaints down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/yelp-and-the-business-of-extortion-20/Content?oid=1176635\" target=\"_blank\">accused of\u003c/a> approaching restaurants to remove negative reviews in exchange for advertising dollars, although a class action lawsuit on those grounds \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204505304577002170423750412\" target=\"_blank\">was dismissed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Yelp is \u003ca href=\"http://www.eater.com/2015/5/19/8588185/yelp-social-protest-trolling-memories-pizza\" target=\"_blank\">wrestling with how to handle reviews\u003c/a> for businesses that become controversial overnight, serving as magnets for irate reviewers who have not patronized the business and just want to make a point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the company placed an “Active Cleanup Alert” notice on \u003ca href=\"http://www.yelp.com/biz/mariscos-san-juan-san-jose-3\" target=\"_blank\">Mariscos San Juan #3's review page\u003c/a> noting that because the business “recently made waves in the news,” Yelp would “remove both positive and negative posts that appear to be motivated more by the news coverage itself than the reviewer’s personal consumer experience with the business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some reviews were easily visible, others were segregated into Yelp’s “not currently recommended” category, which requires readers to click to see them and do not figure in the establishment’s overall rating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Andr\u003cem>é\u003c/em>s Guerra’s review was quarantined. From his hospital bed, the 27-year-old San Jose attorney \u003ca href=\"http://www.yelp.com/user_details_reviews_self?userid=G6qs3iIh6oRy9rOE1YgQHA\" target=\"_blank\">wrote\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On Friday Oct 16th I ate the shrimp cocktail. I will spare the details, but I started being sick Friday night, then Saturday I was admitted to the ER and then the ICU. The Santa Clara County Public Health Department has already called me for their investigation …This restaurant put at least 11 people in the hospital I am at, and I’m sure countless others elsewhere. I do not wish for a single other person to go through the hell I’ve been through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reviews from five other people detailing how they fell ill were similarly hidden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After running a 104-degree fever and enduring days of vomiting, chills and diarrhea, “I was like, what the hell?” Guerra told me while recuperating at home. “I’m not trying to slander any business … I just want no one else to go through this. I think Yelp could do a better job distinguishing between people who want to inform and those who want to attack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one answered the phone at the restaurant when I called.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Yelp spokeswoman noted that health scores for restaurants are currently provided in several selected counties or cities in California, Colorado, Kentucky, North Carolina and Illinois. In response to questions about food poisoning complaints, she referred me to a general \u003ca href=\"http://officialblog.yelp.com/2013/11/yelp-recommended-reviews.html\" target=\"_blank\">blog post\u003c/a>, which says that the company tries not to “highlight reviews written by users we don’t know much about, or reviews that may be biased because they were solicited from family, friends, or favored customers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Powell, a former professor of food safety at Kansas State University who now lives in Australia and writes for the \u003ca href=\"http://barfblog.com/\" target=\"_blank\">BarfBlog\u003c/a> food safety blog, regards Yelp and social media as potentially useful tools for public health investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it doesn’t replace boots on the street, the epidemiological work that people have to do,” he said. “All these things have to be taken with a grain of salt, because Yelp is a business.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As dozens of people began getting sick from a Shigella outbreak at a San Jose restaurant last weekend, Yelp reviewers were on the case – right alongside public health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PLEASE DO NOT EAT HERE!!!!” Pauline A. wrote in her \u003ca href=\"http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.yelp.com/biz/mariscos-san-juan-san-jose-3\" target=\"_blank\">review\u003c/a> on Sunday of the Mariscos San Juan #3 restaurant on 4th Street. “My sister-in-law … and brother-in-law along with his parents ate here Friday night and all four of them ended up in the hospital with food poisoning!!!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same day, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department shut down the restaurant. Two days later, officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sccphd/en-us/Media/Documents/2015%20News%20Releases/Shigella-10-20-15-PM.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">announced\u003c/a> that more than 80 people who had eaten there had become acutely ill, with many requiring hospitalization. Twelve diners went to intensive care units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since then, the outbreak \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sccphd/en-us/HealthProviders/Diseases/Shigella/Pages/Shigella.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">has grown to 110 cases \u003c/a>in Santa Clara and Santa Cruz counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shigellosis is a contagious diarrheal disease caused by the Shigella group of bacteria and can be spread when people don’t wash their hands after using the bathroom. More than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/shigella/general-information.html\" target=\"_blank\">500,000 cases\u003c/a> are reported in the U.S. each year. The disease can cause severe dehydration or fainting and in rare cases may be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some health researchers and public health professionals believe consumer review sites like Yelp might help them identify and investigate food poisoning outbreaks similar to this one. It’s not unlike using Google searches to track potential \u003ca href=\"http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2015/08/the-next-chapter-for-flu-trends.html\" target=\"_blank\">flu and Dengue outbreaks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County epidemiologists currently aren’t using Yelp in their Shigella investigation, and the reviewers apparently were not out ahead of public health officials in this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But earlier research suggests that Yelp reviews may act as an early warning system or identify potential patients that public health officials might not otherwise have found in their food-borne illness investigations, especially if the reviewer did not seek medical care after falling ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Public health workers in New York, aided by Columbia University researchers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/05/22/how-new-york-used-yelp-to-find-unreported-cases-of-food-poisoning/\" target=\"_blank\">scanned thousands of Yelp reviews\u003c/a> in 2012 and 2013 to find previously undetected food-borne illness, unearthing nearly 900 cases that were worthy of further investigation by epidemiologists. Ultimately, the researchers found \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24848215\" target=\"_blank\">three previously unreported restaurant-related outbreaks\u003c/a> linked to 16 illnesses that would have merited a public health investigation if officials had known of them at the time. Follow-up inspections of the restaurants found food-handling violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also have examined Twitter and Facebook as possible food-borne illness surveillance tools, and Chicago’s public health agency automatically sends information about its \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodbornechicago.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Foodborne Chicago\u003c/a> reporting site to local Twitter users who complain of food poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Yelp’s usefulness for epidemiologists is going to depend a lot on how it handles food poisoning complaints down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/yelp-and-the-business-of-extortion-20/Content?oid=1176635\" target=\"_blank\">accused of\u003c/a> approaching restaurants to remove negative reviews in exchange for advertising dollars, although a class action lawsuit on those grounds \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204505304577002170423750412\" target=\"_blank\">was dismissed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Yelp is \u003ca href=\"http://www.eater.com/2015/5/19/8588185/yelp-social-protest-trolling-memories-pizza\" target=\"_blank\">wrestling with how to handle reviews\u003c/a> for businesses that become controversial overnight, serving as magnets for irate reviewers who have not patronized the business and just want to make a point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the company placed an “Active Cleanup Alert” notice on \u003ca href=\"http://www.yelp.com/biz/mariscos-san-juan-san-jose-3\" target=\"_blank\">Mariscos San Juan #3's review page\u003c/a> noting that because the business “recently made waves in the news,” Yelp would “remove both positive and negative posts that appear to be motivated more by the news coverage itself than the reviewer’s personal consumer experience with the business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some reviews were easily visible, others were segregated into Yelp’s “not currently recommended” category, which requires readers to click to see them and do not figure in the establishment’s overall rating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Andr\u003cem>é\u003c/em>s Guerra’s review was quarantined. From his hospital bed, the 27-year-old San Jose attorney \u003ca href=\"http://www.yelp.com/user_details_reviews_self?userid=G6qs3iIh6oRy9rOE1YgQHA\" target=\"_blank\">wrote\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On Friday Oct 16th I ate the shrimp cocktail. I will spare the details, but I started being sick Friday night, then Saturday I was admitted to the ER and then the ICU. The Santa Clara County Public Health Department has already called me for their investigation …This restaurant put at least 11 people in the hospital I am at, and I’m sure countless others elsewhere. I do not wish for a single other person to go through the hell I’ve been through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reviews from five other people detailing how they fell ill were similarly hidden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After running a 104-degree fever and enduring days of vomiting, chills and diarrhea, “I was like, what the hell?” Guerra told me while recuperating at home. “I’m not trying to slander any business … I just want no one else to go through this. I think Yelp could do a better job distinguishing between people who want to inform and those who want to attack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one answered the phone at the restaurant when I called.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Yelp spokeswoman noted that health scores for restaurants are currently provided in several selected counties or cities in California, Colorado, Kentucky, North Carolina and Illinois. In response to questions about food poisoning complaints, she referred me to a general \u003ca href=\"http://officialblog.yelp.com/2013/11/yelp-recommended-reviews.html\" target=\"_blank\">blog post\u003c/a>, which says that the company tries not to “highlight reviews written by users we don’t know much about, or reviews that may be biased because they were solicited from family, friends, or favored customers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Powell, a former professor of food safety at Kansas State University who now lives in Australia and writes for the \u003ca href=\"http://barfblog.com/\" target=\"_blank\">BarfBlog\u003c/a> food safety blog, regards Yelp and social media as potentially useful tools for public health investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it doesn’t replace boots on the street, the epidemiological work that people have to do,” he said. “All these things have to be taken with a grain of salt, because Yelp is a business.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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