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"content": "\u003cp>Fans of perfectly primped nails were forced to rethink a favorite beauty ritual earlier this year, when \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/10/nyregion/at-nail-salons-in-nyc-manicurists-are-underpaid-and-unprotected.html\" target=\"_blank\">The New York Times revealed\u003c/a> that the women pampering their feet and hands were likely subjected to abuse, discrimination and wage theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $8.5 billion nail salon industry grew nearly 25 percent between 2004 and 2014, as more women embraced the affordable treat. But salons kept manicure prices low, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/05/07/something-rotten-in-the-state-of-nail-salons/?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">the Times reported\u003c/a>, by exploiting their workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making matters worse, manicurists face serious health risks from handling toxic chemicals all day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412015300714\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a> suggests that manicurists aren’t the only ones at risk from using nail products. Women applying polish at home may also face risks from nail polish. Many brands of nail polish, it turns out, contain a chemical commonly used to make foam resist fire and plastics more durable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical – called triphenyl phosphate, or TPHP – appears to be seeping out of the polish into women’s bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emerging evidence of harm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidence of TPHP’s health effects is limited because federal regulations rarely require safety data for chemicals used in consumer products, leaving scientists scrambling to keep up with emerging chemicals of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research in lab and animal experiments suggests the chemical can disrupt hormone activity, promote obesity and cause heart damage. Human data is limited, though \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20194068\" target=\"_blank\">a 2010 study published in Environmental Health Perspectives\u003c/a> found an association between TPHP in men and lower sperm counts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heather Stapleton is an associate professor of environmental sciences and policy at Duke University and led the current study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of attention on nail salons and what the workers are exposed to,” she said in an interview. “But we should also be thinking about all the people attending these nail salons and what they are being exposed to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In previous work, Stapleton, an expert on human exposure to flame retardants, had found TPHP’s breakdown product, DPHP, in the urine of over 90 percent of people tested. She had assumed the exposures came from treated foam and electronics, among the chemical’s primary uses. But surprisingly, the levels in women were twice as high as those in men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gender disparity in exposures \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton was puzzled. How could women have higher levels if the exposures were coming from couches or computers? A similar pattern had been seen in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241863/pdf/ehp0112-000331.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control survey\u003c/a> of Americans’ exposure to phthalates, a chemical added to hairspray and perfume, which could explain the gender disparity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton doubted that manufacturers would use a flame retardant in personal care products. But a quick Internet search revealed that TPHP – commonly used to replace the brominated and chlorinated flame retardants that were phased out due to safety concerns -- was indeed being used in nail polish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Stapleton went to the store, bought some nail polish and analyzed it in her lab. “Sure enough,” she says, “it was in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this new study, published in Environment International, Stapleton partnered with scientists at the Environmental Working Group, which maintains a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/\" target=\"_blank\">database of ingredients\u003c/a> in cosmetics. About half of over 3,000 nail products on the market the past three years list TPHP as an ingredient, according to the EWG database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPHP is likely used as a plasticizer in polish, to prevent chipping and cracking so paint and nails bend together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out if the nail polish could explain the women’s higher TPHP exposures, Stapleton first bought 10 more bottles of polish and, using a magnifying glass to check the ingredients hidden in the tiny type, looked for TPHP. When her team analyzed the bottles, they found TPHP in eight of the samples, including two that didn’t list it. Clear nail polish had higher concentrations than colored varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the team recruited 16 women, gave them a urine collection kit and a bottle of clear nail polish and asked them to collect urine before and after they painted their nails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TPHP metabolite was in most of the urine samples before women started painting their nails. But 10 to 14 hours afterward, the levels in many of the samples were nearly seven times as high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Routes of exposure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton thought women were inhaling the chemical. To make sure, she recruited a second group of 10 women and modified the experiment. The volunteers still collected urine before and after applying nail polish, but this time they also applied polish to fake nails attached to gloves, to prevent skin contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton expected that when women painted the fake nails, TPHP levels would be about the same as when they painted their own nails. But they weren’t. They dropped substantially, looking more like the baseline levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was actually very shocked to see the levels drop so much,” Stapleton said. Nails are generally impervious to most substances. But clearly, the chemicals were entering the women’s bodies through the skin, probably through the cuticles, a possibility Stapleton says she still needs to test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/research/nailed/nail-polish-chemical-doubles-furniture-fire-retardant\" target=\"_blank\">report accompanying the study\u003c/a>, EWG recommends consumers check the label for TPHP and search their Skin Deep database to find brands that don’t use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Beth Lange, chief scientist for the Personal Care Products Council, said the council stands behind its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">\"Clearly, there is no substance behind these alarming claims,\" she said. \"The makers of nail polish ... take pride in providing Americans with access to a wide variety of safe high quality and innovative products they trust and enjoy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The council did not respond to questions about how long manufacturers have been using TPHP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 26 Duke University students and employees that participated in the study may not reflect the broader U.S. population, the researchers allow. But it’s not just a simple observational study, says Asa Bradman, an exposure assessment expert at the UC Berkeley, who was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tested different exposure scenarios and over 400 urine samples,” Bradman says. “It may not be representative of the general population, but it shows that nail polish is a source of exposure and that more general studies are needed to test population exposures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco recognized that nail products carry health risks five years ago, when it passed the first legislation in the country to encourage safer practices among the city’s 250 nail salons by promoting shops that avoid the “toxic trio” -- dibutyl phthalate, toluene and formaldehyde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton suspects that manufacturers are using TPHP as a replacement for dibutyl phthalate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the flame retardants, we went from brominated to chlorinated and then TPHP,\" says Green Science Policy Institute Director Arlene Blum, who helped revise the California furniture standard so flame retardants were no longer needed in foam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now most new furniture has no flame retardants,” Blum says. “It’s really ironic that we got the TPHP out of furniture only to find it in nail polish.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fans of perfectly primped nails were forced to rethink a favorite beauty ritual earlier this year, when \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/10/nyregion/at-nail-salons-in-nyc-manicurists-are-underpaid-and-unprotected.html\" target=\"_blank\">The New York Times revealed\u003c/a> that the women pampering their feet and hands were likely subjected to abuse, discrimination and wage theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $8.5 billion nail salon industry grew nearly 25 percent between 2004 and 2014, as more women embraced the affordable treat. But salons kept manicure prices low, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/05/07/something-rotten-in-the-state-of-nail-salons/?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">the Times reported\u003c/a>, by exploiting their workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making matters worse, manicurists face serious health risks from handling toxic chemicals all day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412015300714\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a> suggests that manicurists aren’t the only ones at risk from using nail products. Women applying polish at home may also face risks from nail polish. Many brands of nail polish, it turns out, contain a chemical commonly used to make foam resist fire and plastics more durable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical – called triphenyl phosphate, or TPHP – appears to be seeping out of the polish into women’s bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emerging evidence of harm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidence of TPHP’s health effects is limited because federal regulations rarely require safety data for chemicals used in consumer products, leaving scientists scrambling to keep up with emerging chemicals of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research in lab and animal experiments suggests the chemical can disrupt hormone activity, promote obesity and cause heart damage. Human data is limited, though \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20194068\" target=\"_blank\">a 2010 study published in Environmental Health Perspectives\u003c/a> found an association between TPHP in men and lower sperm counts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heather Stapleton is an associate professor of environmental sciences and policy at Duke University and led the current study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of attention on nail salons and what the workers are exposed to,” she said in an interview. “But we should also be thinking about all the people attending these nail salons and what they are being exposed to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In previous work, Stapleton, an expert on human exposure to flame retardants, had found TPHP’s breakdown product, DPHP, in the urine of over 90 percent of people tested. She had assumed the exposures came from treated foam and electronics, among the chemical’s primary uses. But surprisingly, the levels in women were twice as high as those in men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gender disparity in exposures \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton was puzzled. How could women have higher levels if the exposures were coming from couches or computers? A similar pattern had been seen in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241863/pdf/ehp0112-000331.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control survey\u003c/a> of Americans’ exposure to phthalates, a chemical added to hairspray and perfume, which could explain the gender disparity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton doubted that manufacturers would use a flame retardant in personal care products. But a quick Internet search revealed that TPHP – commonly used to replace the brominated and chlorinated flame retardants that were phased out due to safety concerns -- was indeed being used in nail polish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Stapleton went to the store, bought some nail polish and analyzed it in her lab. “Sure enough,” she says, “it was in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this new study, published in Environment International, Stapleton partnered with scientists at the Environmental Working Group, which maintains a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/\" target=\"_blank\">database of ingredients\u003c/a> in cosmetics. About half of over 3,000 nail products on the market the past three years list TPHP as an ingredient, according to the EWG database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPHP is likely used as a plasticizer in polish, to prevent chipping and cracking so paint and nails bend together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out if the nail polish could explain the women’s higher TPHP exposures, Stapleton first bought 10 more bottles of polish and, using a magnifying glass to check the ingredients hidden in the tiny type, looked for TPHP. When her team analyzed the bottles, they found TPHP in eight of the samples, including two that didn’t list it. Clear nail polish had higher concentrations than colored varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the team recruited 16 women, gave them a urine collection kit and a bottle of clear nail polish and asked them to collect urine before and after they painted their nails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TPHP metabolite was in most of the urine samples before women started painting their nails. But 10 to 14 hours afterward, the levels in many of the samples were nearly seven times as high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Routes of exposure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton thought women were inhaling the chemical. To make sure, she recruited a second group of 10 women and modified the experiment. The volunteers still collected urine before and after applying nail polish, but this time they also applied polish to fake nails attached to gloves, to prevent skin contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton expected that when women painted the fake nails, TPHP levels would be about the same as when they painted their own nails. But they weren’t. They dropped substantially, looking more like the baseline levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was actually very shocked to see the levels drop so much,” Stapleton said. Nails are generally impervious to most substances. But clearly, the chemicals were entering the women’s bodies through the skin, probably through the cuticles, a possibility Stapleton says she still needs to test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/research/nailed/nail-polish-chemical-doubles-furniture-fire-retardant\" target=\"_blank\">report accompanying the study\u003c/a>, EWG recommends consumers check the label for TPHP and search their Skin Deep database to find brands that don’t use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Beth Lange, chief scientist for the Personal Care Products Council, said the council stands behind its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">\"Clearly, there is no substance behind these alarming claims,\" she said. \"The makers of nail polish ... take pride in providing Americans with access to a wide variety of safe high quality and innovative products they trust and enjoy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The council did not respond to questions about how long manufacturers have been using TPHP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 26 Duke University students and employees that participated in the study may not reflect the broader U.S. population, the researchers allow. But it’s not just a simple observational study, says Asa Bradman, an exposure assessment expert at the UC Berkeley, who was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tested different exposure scenarios and over 400 urine samples,” Bradman says. “It may not be representative of the general population, but it shows that nail polish is a source of exposure and that more general studies are needed to test population exposures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco recognized that nail products carry health risks five years ago, when it passed the first legislation in the country to encourage safer practices among the city’s 250 nail salons by promoting shops that avoid the “toxic trio” -- dibutyl phthalate, toluene and formaldehyde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stapleton suspects that manufacturers are using TPHP as a replacement for dibutyl phthalate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the flame retardants, we went from brominated to chlorinated and then TPHP,\" says Green Science Policy Institute Director Arlene Blum, who helped revise the California furniture standard so flame retardants were no longer needed in foam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now most new furniture has no flame retardants,” Blum says. “It’s really ironic that we got the TPHP out of furniture only to find it in nail polish.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Dietary Supplements Send Thousands To ERs Yearly",
"title": "Dietary Supplements Send Thousands To ERs Yearly",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Tens of thousands of Americans are treated in hospital emergency rooms each year for problems caused by dietary supplements, federal health officials are reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complications include heart problems such as irregular or rapid heartbeat or chest pain, says \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.cdc.gov/safehealthcare/authors/robert-j-geller-md/\">Dr. Andrew Geller\u003c/a> of the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, who led the study \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1504267\">published\u003c/a> Wednesday in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other big problems are children ingesting supplements purchased by an adult, or older people choking on pills, he says. Nearly three-fourths (71.8 percent) of the ER visits were related to the use of weight-loss or energy-boosting supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis, based on data collected between 2004 and 2013, is the first national estimate of complications that result from using dietary supplements, Geller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using data from 63 emergency rooms, he and his colleagues calculated that 23,005 emergency room visits occur each year because of dietary supplements. Among those cases, 2,154 patients are hospitalized to receive further treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis did not include anyone who might have died on the way to the hospital or in the ER because those deaths are not recorded in the database used for the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geller says it's hard to know which products can cause problems or why. Unlike standard over-the-counter medications or prescription drugs, the companies that make dietary supplements are not required to prove to the Food and Drug Administration that their products are safe and effective before selling them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't have information about what's contained in these products,\" Geller says. \"And often times multiple active ingredients are combined into a single product.\" In addition, similarly named products can have very different active ingredients, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For all those reasons it can be hard for consumers, clinicians and public health agencies to determine which, if any, of the specific active ingredients caused the observed effects,\" Geller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, some dietary supplements have been recalled when they are found to contain unapproved ingredients or contaminants. But Geller says \"there's very little national data about how products that are not included in such recalls cause health problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary supplements have become increasingly popular in the United States. Americans spend nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19771719\">$14 billion\u003c/a> a year on vitamins, minerals, herbal remedies to treat a wide range of conditions, including colds, arthritis and immune system problems, and to promote weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the dietary supplement industry are welcoming the new research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the most important study that been published on supplements in the last 20 years,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/profiles/display/person/21925\">Dr. Pieter Cohen\u003c/a>, who studies supplements at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What this study does is find entirely flawed the underlying premise that supplements are safe,\" Cohen says. \"In fact, supplements are now shown by this elegant CDC study to send tens of thousands of people to emergency rooms every year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, he says, show there's a need to better track problems caused by supplements so the FDA can identify and remove dangerous supplements from the market sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary supplement companies, however, see the study as demonstrating the relative safety of supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you put it in context that over 150 million Americans take dietary supplements each year, we have, 'Far less than one-tenth of 1 percent of supplement users will visit the ER,' \" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.crnusa.org/who_staff_bios.html\">Duffy MacKay\u003c/a>, a naturopathic doctor and the senior vice president for scientific and regulatory affairs at the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a trade group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacKay argues that the study overestimates the dangers by including problems caused by products that aren't supplements — such as homeopathic remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also says any problems caused by supplements could be minimized by keeping the products away from children, developing pills that won't choke older people, and educating young people about how to use the products more carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Dietary+Supplements+Send+Thousands+To+ERs+Yearly&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tens of thousands of Americans are treated in hospital emergency rooms each year for problems caused by dietary supplements, federal health officials are reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complications include heart problems such as irregular or rapid heartbeat or chest pain, says \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.cdc.gov/safehealthcare/authors/robert-j-geller-md/\">Dr. Andrew Geller\u003c/a> of the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, who led the study \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1504267\">published\u003c/a> Wednesday in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other big problems are children ingesting supplements purchased by an adult, or older people choking on pills, he says. Nearly three-fourths (71.8 percent) of the ER visits were related to the use of weight-loss or energy-boosting supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis, based on data collected between 2004 and 2013, is the first national estimate of complications that result from using dietary supplements, Geller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using data from 63 emergency rooms, he and his colleagues calculated that 23,005 emergency room visits occur each year because of dietary supplements. Among those cases, 2,154 patients are hospitalized to receive further treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis did not include anyone who might have died on the way to the hospital or in the ER because those deaths are not recorded in the database used for the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geller says it's hard to know which products can cause problems or why. Unlike standard over-the-counter medications or prescription drugs, the companies that make dietary supplements are not required to prove to the Food and Drug Administration that their products are safe and effective before selling them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't have information about what's contained in these products,\" Geller says. \"And often times multiple active ingredients are combined into a single product.\" In addition, similarly named products can have very different active ingredients, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For all those reasons it can be hard for consumers, clinicians and public health agencies to determine which, if any, of the specific active ingredients caused the observed effects,\" Geller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, some dietary supplements have been recalled when they are found to contain unapproved ingredients or contaminants. But Geller says \"there's very little national data about how products that are not included in such recalls cause health problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary supplements have become increasingly popular in the United States. Americans spend nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19771719\">$14 billion\u003c/a> a year on vitamins, minerals, herbal remedies to treat a wide range of conditions, including colds, arthritis and immune system problems, and to promote weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the dietary supplement industry are welcoming the new research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the most important study that been published on supplements in the last 20 years,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/profiles/display/person/21925\">Dr. Pieter Cohen\u003c/a>, who studies supplements at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What this study does is find entirely flawed the underlying premise that supplements are safe,\" Cohen says. \"In fact, supplements are now shown by this elegant CDC study to send tens of thousands of people to emergency rooms every year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, he says, show there's a need to better track problems caused by supplements so the FDA can identify and remove dangerous supplements from the market sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary supplement companies, however, see the study as demonstrating the relative safety of supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you put it in context that over 150 million Americans take dietary supplements each year, we have, 'Far less than one-tenth of 1 percent of supplement users will visit the ER,' \" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.crnusa.org/who_staff_bios.html\">Duffy MacKay\u003c/a>, a naturopathic doctor and the senior vice president for scientific and regulatory affairs at the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a trade group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacKay argues that the study overestimates the dangers by including problems caused by products that aren't supplements — such as homeopathic remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also says any problems caused by supplements could be minimized by keeping the products away from children, developing pills that won't choke older people, and educating young people about how to use the products more carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Dietary+Supplements+Send+Thousands+To+ERs+Yearly&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I'm a member of Generation Y, or the millennial generation. People like me were born in the '80s and early '90s. But I don't like to broadcast that fact. Millennials tend to get a bad rap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalists and commentators love ragging on us. They say we're ill-prepared to deal with life's challenges. And that, as a result, we have higher rates of mental health issues like depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ideas have been coming up over and over again for almost a decade now. There's psychologist Jean Twenge, for instance, who in 2006 published a book called \u003cem>Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled — and More Miserable Than Ever Before\u003c/em>. \"In past generations, suicide and depression were considered afflictions of middle age,\" she writes. \"But for Generation Me, these problems are a rite of passage through adolescence and young adulthood\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/12/millennial_narcissism_helicopter_parents_are_college_students_bigger_problem.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Slate article\u003c/a> from a couple of years ago, titled \"Why Millennials Can't Grow Up.\" The explanation, according to psychotherapist Brooke Donatone: \"Their biggest challenge is conflict negotiation and they often are unable to think for themselves.\" Last year, in \u003cem>Vanity Fair\u003c/em>, Bret Easton Ellis \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/livre/articles/generation-wuss-by-bret-easton-ellis/15837\" target=\"_blank\">called us\u003c/a> \"Generation Wuss.\" Even NPR has asked: Are millennials \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/10/14/352979540/getting-some-me-time-why-millennials-are-so-individualistic\" target=\"_blank\">too narcissistic\u003c/a>? Do they \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/16/303741790/debate-millennials-dont-stand-a-chance\" target=\"_blank\">stand a chance\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now we're starting to turn against ourselves. In a recent \u003cem>Telegraph\u003c/em> article reporter Rachael Dove, a self-identifying millennial, wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-health/11534390/Anxiety-the-epidemic-sweeping-through-Generation-Y.html\">a piece\u003c/a> titled \"Anxiety: the epidemic sweeping through Generation Y.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Jay and I recently had a good laugh as we read through these articles together. \"Harsh,\" he said. \"But also kind of ridiculous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, I wondered: Could it be true? Could it be that millennials really are more depressed and anxious than young people from generations past?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've definitely heard reports regarding increased levels of psychopathology among millennials,\" says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. \"But I'm not sure there are data to support that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that young adulthood can be a turbulent time — for folks from any generation, Prinstein says. So young people are \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression-among-adults.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">more likely\u003c/a> than older adults to say they experienced a depressive episode in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we can't really compare how depressed millennials are with how it was for our parents and grandparents when they were young. That's because researchers weren't very good at collecting data on mental illness back in the '60s and '70s, when the baby boomers were in their late teens and 20s. The federal government does have \u003ca href=\"http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHmhfr2013/NSDUHmhfr2013.pdf\">data\u003c/a> going back to the early 2000s, and depression rates haven't increased since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/aag.html\" target=\"_blank\">better stats\u003c/a> on suicide among young people. Suicide rates for young adults increased through the '70s and '80s, but started dropping off in the late '90s and have continued to decrease. So, it seems young people these days don't have higher rates of suicide than generations past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this idea that millennials' mental health is declining even come from? Prinstein thinks people get that impression because we milliennials are full of angst. That's not new. But unlike past generations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/10/14/352979540/getting-some-me-time-why-millennials-are-so-individualistic\" target=\"_blank\">we like to broadcast\u003c/a> our angst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Millennials are certainly using social media in a way that we haven't seen with other generations,\" Prinstein says. \"They're not as shy about sharing their anxieties online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we do have a lot of things to stress about, he says, like an uncertain employment future and student loans. But stress doesn't necessarily equate to depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Depression is a biologically and psychologically driven form of mental illness that is remarkably common,\" Prinstein notes, \"but that is not necessarily experienced by everybody who is experiencing distress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some, like Joseph Allen, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, are concerned. Allen, who specializes in adolescent psychology, says in many cases, parents have worked too hard to make it too easy for their millennial children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents haven't challenged millennials to support themselves, he says, and millennials may find it difficult adjusting to adulthood. \"If you're living in the basement and playing video games because you can't get a job or you haven't been pushed to get a job, that's going to leave you feeling aimless and a bit at sea whether or not it counts as clinical depression in a formal way,\" Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, at this point there isn't any conclusive research to prove that millennials feel especially listless or unfulfilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, Gen Y is doing some things right when it comes to mental health, Prinstein says. Young people are generally more comfortable discussing mental health these days, he notes. And that helps reduce stigma so more people who really need mental health care are getting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I'm not sure if it's fair to characterize millennials as a group as poorly prepared to deal with life,\" Prinstein says. \"They're differently prepared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+The+Resilience+Of+Millennials+Underrated%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I'm a member of Generation Y, or the millennial generation. People like me were born in the '80s and early '90s. But I don't like to broadcast that fact. Millennials tend to get a bad rap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalists and commentators love ragging on us. They say we're ill-prepared to deal with life's challenges. And that, as a result, we have higher rates of mental health issues like depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ideas have been coming up over and over again for almost a decade now. There's psychologist Jean Twenge, for instance, who in 2006 published a book called \u003cem>Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled — and More Miserable Than Ever Before\u003c/em>. \"In past generations, suicide and depression were considered afflictions of middle age,\" she writes. \"But for Generation Me, these problems are a rite of passage through adolescence and young adulthood\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/12/millennial_narcissism_helicopter_parents_are_college_students_bigger_problem.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Slate article\u003c/a> from a couple of years ago, titled \"Why Millennials Can't Grow Up.\" The explanation, according to psychotherapist Brooke Donatone: \"Their biggest challenge is conflict negotiation and they often are unable to think for themselves.\" Last year, in \u003cem>Vanity Fair\u003c/em>, Bret Easton Ellis \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/livre/articles/generation-wuss-by-bret-easton-ellis/15837\" target=\"_blank\">called us\u003c/a> \"Generation Wuss.\" Even NPR has asked: Are millennials \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/10/14/352979540/getting-some-me-time-why-millennials-are-so-individualistic\" target=\"_blank\">too narcissistic\u003c/a>? Do they \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/16/303741790/debate-millennials-dont-stand-a-chance\" target=\"_blank\">stand a chance\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now we're starting to turn against ourselves. In a recent \u003cem>Telegraph\u003c/em> article reporter Rachael Dove, a self-identifying millennial, wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-health/11534390/Anxiety-the-epidemic-sweeping-through-Generation-Y.html\">a piece\u003c/a> titled \"Anxiety: the epidemic sweeping through Generation Y.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Jay and I recently had a good laugh as we read through these articles together. \"Harsh,\" he said. \"But also kind of ridiculous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, I wondered: Could it be true? Could it be that millennials really are more depressed and anxious than young people from generations past?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've definitely heard reports regarding increased levels of psychopathology among millennials,\" says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. \"But I'm not sure there are data to support that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that young adulthood can be a turbulent time — for folks from any generation, Prinstein says. So young people are \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression-among-adults.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">more likely\u003c/a> than older adults to say they experienced a depressive episode in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we can't really compare how depressed millennials are with how it was for our parents and grandparents when they were young. That's because researchers weren't very good at collecting data on mental illness back in the '60s and '70s, when the baby boomers were in their late teens and 20s. The federal government does have \u003ca href=\"http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHmhfr2013/NSDUHmhfr2013.pdf\">data\u003c/a> going back to the early 2000s, and depression rates haven't increased since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/aag.html\" target=\"_blank\">better stats\u003c/a> on suicide among young people. Suicide rates for young adults increased through the '70s and '80s, but started dropping off in the late '90s and have continued to decrease. So, it seems young people these days don't have higher rates of suicide than generations past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this idea that millennials' mental health is declining even come from? Prinstein thinks people get that impression because we milliennials are full of angst. That's not new. But unlike past generations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/10/14/352979540/getting-some-me-time-why-millennials-are-so-individualistic\" target=\"_blank\">we like to broadcast\u003c/a> our angst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Millennials are certainly using social media in a way that we haven't seen with other generations,\" Prinstein says. \"They're not as shy about sharing their anxieties online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we do have a lot of things to stress about, he says, like an uncertain employment future and student loans. But stress doesn't necessarily equate to depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Depression is a biologically and psychologically driven form of mental illness that is remarkably common,\" Prinstein notes, \"but that is not necessarily experienced by everybody who is experiencing distress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some, like Joseph Allen, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, are concerned. Allen, who specializes in adolescent psychology, says in many cases, parents have worked too hard to make it too easy for their millennial children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents haven't challenged millennials to support themselves, he says, and millennials may find it difficult adjusting to adulthood. \"If you're living in the basement and playing video games because you can't get a job or you haven't been pushed to get a job, that's going to leave you feeling aimless and a bit at sea whether or not it counts as clinical depression in a formal way,\" Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, at this point there isn't any conclusive research to prove that millennials feel especially listless or unfulfilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, Gen Y is doing some things right when it comes to mental health, Prinstein says. Young people are generally more comfortable discussing mental health these days, he notes. And that helps reduce stigma so more people who really need mental health care are getting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I'm not sure if it's fair to characterize millennials as a group as poorly prepared to deal with life,\" Prinstein says. \"They're differently prepared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+The+Resilience+Of+Millennials+Underrated%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The breast cancer rate in Marin County -- once called the highest in the world -- is now at the lowest level since tracking started in 1988 and matches the statewide average, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpic.org/files/PDF/Cancer_Registry/Cancer_Data_and_Statistics/CPIC_Breast_Cancer_Marin_Update_2015-09-21.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">new analysis. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, of course, is why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A whole lot of people are scratching their heads over this one,\" said Tina Clarke, an epidemiologist with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California and the study's lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair, Clarke can explain part of the decline. But before we get into more detail on that, a bit of history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, \u003ca href=\"http://www.zerobreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-in-marin\" target=\"_blank\">a report from CPIC \u003c/a>(then called Northern California Cancer Center) identified the high rate of breast cancer in Marin County, compared it to that of countries around the world and concluded that the Marin County rate was the highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women in Marin, an affluent county, have \"a whole cluster of established risk factors for breast cancer,\" Clarke said. These risk factors tend to go along with being more affluent: later age of childbearing, if at all, and higher alcohol consumption. White women are at slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer than are women of other races or ethnicities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the 1990s, breast cancer rates for non-Hispanic white women in Marin \u003ca href=\"http://www.marincounty.org/~/media/files/departments/bs/district-4/docs/faq_breast_cancer_in_marin.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\">climbed 60 percent,\u003c/a> compared to 5 percent in other parts of the Bay Area. It reached its peak in 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rate started to fall after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/press-releases/2002/nhlbi-stops-trial-of-estrogen-plus-progestin-due-to-increased-breast-cancer-risk-lack-of-overall-benefit\" target=\"_blank\">major study was halted in 2002\u003c/a>, when researchers identified a link between use of hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. Affluent women were also more likely to use hormone therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women abandoned the hormones in droves, and the breast cancer rate started to fall, in Marin and nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marin county's breast cancer rate still exceeded the statewide average until a second drop started in 2007. That's what researchers can't quite account for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarke said it's likely due to a host of reasons -- perhaps women are exercising more or losing weight, two other factors that reduce risk of breast cancer. It's also possible women are consuming less alcohol, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One factor they know is not responsible: the change in mammography screening guidelines. In 2009, a major government panel, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/breast-cancer-screening\" target=\"_blank\">recommended women have fewer mammograms\u003c/a>. Researchers found no evidence that this recommendation has led to less breast cancer being found, in part because the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ -- or DCIS -- is increasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The increased incidence of \u003cem>in situ \u003c/em>cancer suggests a decline in mammography screening likely is not a key factor contributing to the decline in invasive breast cancer in Marin County,\" Dr. Karly Kerlikowske, a UCSF epidemiologist said in a release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, \"We're really happy to see things trending in the right direction,\" Clarke said. \"We're obviously delighted to tell women in Marin County that the rates are similar to the rest of the state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, the breast cancer rate in Marin has dropped 31 percent. Mortality has also sharply declined. Since record-keeping began in 1988, the death rate from breast cancer has dropped 65 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An interesting footnote: Clarke said that monitoring incidence rates is based on county-level census data. It's highly likely, she said, that similarly affluent areas in California, like Palo Alto or West LA, might have had the same pattern of a higher rate -- fueled at least in part by hormone therapy -- and the decline that Marin has seen.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The breast cancer rate in Marin County -- once called the highest in the world -- is now at the lowest level since tracking started in 1988 and matches the statewide average, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpic.org/files/PDF/Cancer_Registry/Cancer_Data_and_Statistics/CPIC_Breast_Cancer_Marin_Update_2015-09-21.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">new analysis. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, of course, is why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A whole lot of people are scratching their heads over this one,\" said Tina Clarke, an epidemiologist with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California and the study's lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair, Clarke can explain part of the decline. But before we get into more detail on that, a bit of history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, \u003ca href=\"http://www.zerobreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-in-marin\" target=\"_blank\">a report from CPIC \u003c/a>(then called Northern California Cancer Center) identified the high rate of breast cancer in Marin County, compared it to that of countries around the world and concluded that the Marin County rate was the highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women in Marin, an affluent county, have \"a whole cluster of established risk factors for breast cancer,\" Clarke said. These risk factors tend to go along with being more affluent: later age of childbearing, if at all, and higher alcohol consumption. White women are at slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer than are women of other races or ethnicities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the 1990s, breast cancer rates for non-Hispanic white women in Marin \u003ca href=\"http://www.marincounty.org/~/media/files/departments/bs/district-4/docs/faq_breast_cancer_in_marin.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\">climbed 60 percent,\u003c/a> compared to 5 percent in other parts of the Bay Area. It reached its peak in 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rate started to fall after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/press-releases/2002/nhlbi-stops-trial-of-estrogen-plus-progestin-due-to-increased-breast-cancer-risk-lack-of-overall-benefit\" target=\"_blank\">major study was halted in 2002\u003c/a>, when researchers identified a link between use of hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. Affluent women were also more likely to use hormone therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women abandoned the hormones in droves, and the breast cancer rate started to fall, in Marin and nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marin county's breast cancer rate still exceeded the statewide average until a second drop started in 2007. That's what researchers can't quite account for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarke said it's likely due to a host of reasons -- perhaps women are exercising more or losing weight, two other factors that reduce risk of breast cancer. It's also possible women are consuming less alcohol, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One factor they know is not responsible: the change in mammography screening guidelines. In 2009, a major government panel, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/breast-cancer-screening\" target=\"_blank\">recommended women have fewer mammograms\u003c/a>. Researchers found no evidence that this recommendation has led to less breast cancer being found, in part because the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ -- or DCIS -- is increasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The increased incidence of \u003cem>in situ \u003c/em>cancer suggests a decline in mammography screening likely is not a key factor contributing to the decline in invasive breast cancer in Marin County,\" Dr. Karly Kerlikowske, a UCSF epidemiologist said in a release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, \"We're really happy to see things trending in the right direction,\" Clarke said. \"We're obviously delighted to tell women in Marin County that the rates are similar to the rest of the state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, the breast cancer rate in Marin has dropped 31 percent. Mortality has also sharply declined. Since record-keeping began in 1988, the death rate from breast cancer has dropped 65 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An interesting footnote: Clarke said that monitoring incidence rates is based on county-level census data. It's highly likely, she said, that similarly affluent areas in California, like Palo Alto or West LA, might have had the same pattern of a higher rate -- fueled at least in part by hormone therapy -- and the decline that Marin has seen.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Your Chair Is Killing You. Here's What You Need To Do To Stop It",
"title": "Your Chair Is Killing You. Here's What You Need To Do To Stop It",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>You've heard it a million times: The hours we spend sitting in front of our computers, sitting in front of the TV and sitting just about everywhere else are adding up. We are sitting ourselves to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it came as welcome news when we read last week that just 10 minutes — 10 minutes! — of walking after sitting for a long period of time \u003ca href=\"http://medicine.missouri.edu/news/0294.php\" target=\"_blank\">can restore the damage to our vascular system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about all those other studies that said we're doomed? Those that say that \u003ca href=\"http://www.uhn.ca/corporate/News/Pages/Exercise_doesn't_offset_life-threatening_risk_of_sitting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">exercise probably can't save us\u003c/a>, and that even if we go to the gym every night, it's still not enough?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then there's the study telling us we can \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00345-1/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">fidget our way out of the harmful effects of sitting\u003c/a>. Should we demand a standing desk or just lean back in our office chairs and throw up our hands?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We here at Shots decided to call up the guy who's arguably the godfather of the sitting-ourselves-to-death concept to get the bottom line: Can we be saved?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Levine is the inventor of the treadmill desk and co-director of Obesity Solutions at the Mayo Clinic and Arizona State University. He's also a professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic and author of the book \u003cem>Get Up! Why Your Chair Is Killing You and What You Can Do About It.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, Levine spoke to us via speakerphone while walking around his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cut to the chase. Is going to the gym a waste of time because we're all doomed anyway?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of people — more than three-quarters of the population — do not go to the gym. They simply don't go. People feel stigmatized, it's too expensive and people are simply too busy. So for them, spin classes, Pilates and the amount of it one does is completely irrelevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How about your readers who do go to the gym — what's in it for them? This is, I think, where the confusion comes from. But it isn't actually that confusing. What is very, very clear is the following: If you actually go to the gym and exercise, that is a really, really good thing for you. And the data suggests that the more of it you do, the more benefit you will reap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, something you do at the end of the day for one hour, three evenings a week, doesn't actually offset the harm for what you do 15 hours a day, seven days a week: sit. These are independent variables — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/02/19/279460759/sit-more-and-youre-more-likely-to-be-disabled-after-age-60\" target=\"_blank\">excess sitting\u003c/a> and the presence or absence of exercise. Doing exercise is great if you do it. But that doesn't offset the harm, even in the few people who do it, from excess sitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yikes. What \u003cem>is\u003c/em> the solution?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you have the annual staff meeting, [put] up your hand and [say] look, it's obvious that sitting is really harmful. What are we going to do as a company to give us better productivity and better health?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met with a client at one of our corporate programs. She literally ran up and hugged me. She said, \"Dr. Levine, I've lost 35 pounds.\" I said, \"How?\" She said, \"I decided to take this on as a mission. Instead of watching TV with the kids, we go walking. I take the bus to work instead of my car. At work, I have many of my meetings [be] walk and talk. I sort of built this into my life. And guess what? The weight came off me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recommend people drawing up a careful plan about what they're going to do about excess sitting. How about I conduct this telephone call, instead of sitting at my desk, but on a speakerphone pacing around while I'm talking to you. It requires planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So there's no quick fix?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often people want tips and tricks. You know, get a phone with a long cord, get a treadmill desk, get a bouncy ball, get a standing desk, get this, get that. Like anything that's important in our lives, the solution is not tips and tricks. The solution is a proper, sustained assault on the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot more to be gained by engaging your intellect and coming up with a proper plan than going shopping. And if you're really into this and you feel that [a treadmill desk] will help you, [it] probably will help you. But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/30/392580747/sure-use-a-treadmill-desk-but-you-still-need-to-exercise\" target=\"_blank\">treadmill desk\u003c/a> isn't the solution in and of itself. The solution is you, the individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When you look at the research, do you see questions that remain unanswered?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 150,000 unanswered questions, and I think what we could do is delay action for 15 more centuries and do absolutely nothing. But that would be the greatest tragedy of all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point in time, today, we have enough information to share with individuals, companies, schools and cities that we need to get people up off their bottoms, on their legs and off their chairs. That information is sure. And I think there's a lot more research to be done, but we do not need to wait a second longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you leave us with a few words of inspiration to get us up and going?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 20 years of building programs for companies and working with patients, I've never had a single person contact me to say this hasn't made their life better. Every person thus far I've interacted with [tells] me that their lives are better in some way. The surprising thing is that this advice comes with a money-back guarantee. I guarantee that if you get up and move more than you do, if you escape the chair sentence, you will be happier for it in some way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Your+Chair+Is+Killing+You.+Here%27s+What+You+Need+To+Do+To+Stop+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You've heard it a million times: The hours we spend sitting in front of our computers, sitting in front of the TV and sitting just about everywhere else are adding up. We are sitting ourselves to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it came as welcome news when we read last week that just 10 minutes — 10 minutes! — of walking after sitting for a long period of time \u003ca href=\"http://medicine.missouri.edu/news/0294.php\" target=\"_blank\">can restore the damage to our vascular system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about all those other studies that said we're doomed? Those that say that \u003ca href=\"http://www.uhn.ca/corporate/News/Pages/Exercise_doesn't_offset_life-threatening_risk_of_sitting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">exercise probably can't save us\u003c/a>, and that even if we go to the gym every night, it's still not enough?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then there's the study telling us we can \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00345-1/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">fidget our way out of the harmful effects of sitting\u003c/a>. Should we demand a standing desk or just lean back in our office chairs and throw up our hands?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We here at Shots decided to call up the guy who's arguably the godfather of the sitting-ourselves-to-death concept to get the bottom line: Can we be saved?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Levine is the inventor of the treadmill desk and co-director of Obesity Solutions at the Mayo Clinic and Arizona State University. He's also a professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic and author of the book \u003cem>Get Up! Why Your Chair Is Killing You and What You Can Do About It.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, Levine spoke to us via speakerphone while walking around his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cut to the chase. Is going to the gym a waste of time because we're all doomed anyway?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of people — more than three-quarters of the population — do not go to the gym. They simply don't go. People feel stigmatized, it's too expensive and people are simply too busy. So for them, spin classes, Pilates and the amount of it one does is completely irrelevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How about your readers who do go to the gym — what's in it for them? This is, I think, where the confusion comes from. But it isn't actually that confusing. What is very, very clear is the following: If you actually go to the gym and exercise, that is a really, really good thing for you. And the data suggests that the more of it you do, the more benefit you will reap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, something you do at the end of the day for one hour, three evenings a week, doesn't actually offset the harm for what you do 15 hours a day, seven days a week: sit. These are independent variables — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/02/19/279460759/sit-more-and-youre-more-likely-to-be-disabled-after-age-60\" target=\"_blank\">excess sitting\u003c/a> and the presence or absence of exercise. Doing exercise is great if you do it. But that doesn't offset the harm, even in the few people who do it, from excess sitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yikes. What \u003cem>is\u003c/em> the solution?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you have the annual staff meeting, [put] up your hand and [say] look, it's obvious that sitting is really harmful. What are we going to do as a company to give us better productivity and better health?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met with a client at one of our corporate programs. She literally ran up and hugged me. She said, \"Dr. Levine, I've lost 35 pounds.\" I said, \"How?\" She said, \"I decided to take this on as a mission. Instead of watching TV with the kids, we go walking. I take the bus to work instead of my car. At work, I have many of my meetings [be] walk and talk. I sort of built this into my life. And guess what? The weight came off me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recommend people drawing up a careful plan about what they're going to do about excess sitting. How about I conduct this telephone call, instead of sitting at my desk, but on a speakerphone pacing around while I'm talking to you. It requires planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So there's no quick fix?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often people want tips and tricks. You know, get a phone with a long cord, get a treadmill desk, get a bouncy ball, get a standing desk, get this, get that. Like anything that's important in our lives, the solution is not tips and tricks. The solution is a proper, sustained assault on the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot more to be gained by engaging your intellect and coming up with a proper plan than going shopping. And if you're really into this and you feel that [a treadmill desk] will help you, [it] probably will help you. But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/30/392580747/sure-use-a-treadmill-desk-but-you-still-need-to-exercise\" target=\"_blank\">treadmill desk\u003c/a> isn't the solution in and of itself. The solution is you, the individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When you look at the research, do you see questions that remain unanswered?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 150,000 unanswered questions, and I think what we could do is delay action for 15 more centuries and do absolutely nothing. But that would be the greatest tragedy of all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point in time, today, we have enough information to share with individuals, companies, schools and cities that we need to get people up off their bottoms, on their legs and off their chairs. That information is sure. And I think there's a lot more research to be done, but we do not need to wait a second longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you leave us with a few words of inspiration to get us up and going?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 20 years of building programs for companies and working with patients, I've never had a single person contact me to say this hasn't made their life better. Every person thus far I've interacted with [tells] me that their lives are better in some way. The surprising thing is that this advice comes with a money-back guarantee. I guarantee that if you get up and move more than you do, if you escape the chair sentence, you will be happier for it in some way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Your+Chair+Is+Killing+You.+Here%27s+What+You+Need+To+Do+To+Stop+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Bedtime Pass' Helps Parents And Kids Skip The Sleep Battles",
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"content": "\u003cp>When I first heard about the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> bestseller called \u003cem>Go The F— to Sleep\u003c/em>, my only wish was that I had written it, because I sure thought it a thousand times when my kids were little. And clearly, so have millions of other parents who face that time of day with equal parts dread and exhaustion: bedtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is hope — and it comes in the form of a solution that is so simple, and thus far so successful, you will be smacking your forehead wondering, \"Why didn't I think of that?\" (Sort of like me and that book.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called \"the bedtime pass,\" and it works like this: Every night, parents give their child a five-by-seven card that is the bedtime pass. They explain to their child that the pass is good for one excused departure from the bedroom per night, whether that's to use the bathroom, get one more hug, report a scary dream, whatever. After the pass is used, the child may not leave the bedroom again, and the parents are not to answer if they call out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really is that simple,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.boystownpediatrics.org/counselingservices/behavioralhealthstaff/Pages/ConnieSchnoes.aspx\">Connie Schnoes\u003c/a>, director of National Behavioral Health Dissemination at the Boys Town Center for Behavioral Health in Boys Town, Neb. \"The bedtime pass is all about the kids falling asleep by themselves in their own bed in a quiet, dark room. It gets the parent in the routine of putting them to bed, saying goodnight, and getting out, which is what parents typically want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preferably without having to resort to profanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schnoes conducted the original study on the bedtime pass as part of her PhD research. Patrick Friman, director of the Boys Town Center for Behavioral Health, had told her about a protocol he'd started using while in clinical service at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, helping families of young children with sleep problems and other behavioral issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Schnoes met Friman at Boys Town, he was still using the method, but no one had studied it. So Schnoes set up a pilot study with two boys, ages 3 and 10, and gathered data from 20 parents and 23 pediatricians who rated the acceptability of the bedtime pass intervention technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Crying and coming out of the bedroom reduced to zero rates in both children,\" according to the paper outlining the study released in October 1999 in the \u003cem>Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine\u003c/em>. \"Pediatricians rated the pass as significantly more acceptable than letting children sleep with parents and equivalent to ignoring. Parents rated the pass as more acceptable than either alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, larger studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the bedtime pass, particularly for children of preschool and early elementary school ages. In one study, 19 boys and girls aged 3 to 6 \"demonstrated significant reductions in the time required to quiet each night. Treatment effects were maintained at three-month follow-up. Parents reported high levels of satisfaction.\" Another study also found that the pass completely eliminated an \"extinction burst\" —what we parents refer to as a complete meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beauty of the pass is that it gives parents \u003cem>and\u003c/em> kids an element of control in what frequently is an out-of-control, emotional situation. The kids know that if they truly need to leave their room they can, but only once. And the parents know they are giving their child an option, but after that one exit they can in good conscience keep the door closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have a plan, as opposed to reacting each night, over and over,\" Schnoes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bedtime pass continues to be used at Boys Town and across the country as more pediatricians learn about it. And in case you're a parent out there who thinks that Schnoes' credentials as a specialist in behavioral pediatric sleep problems aren't enough to make her an expert, consider this: She's a mother of six.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trust me when we say there's desperation around sleep. I remember those days,\" she says. \"Bedtime resistance is about escaping that experience of bedtime that is essentially like a giant time out—the day is over, we're done playing and we're hanging out in a dark room. With the pass, children have a way to escape that in a way that's acceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wendy Mitman Clarke has contributed to Smithsonian and other magazines. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Bedtime+Pass+Helps+Parents+And+Kids+Skip+The+Sleep+Struggles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When I first heard about the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> bestseller called \u003cem>Go The F— to Sleep\u003c/em>, my only wish was that I had written it, because I sure thought it a thousand times when my kids were little. And clearly, so have millions of other parents who face that time of day with equal parts dread and exhaustion: bedtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is hope — and it comes in the form of a solution that is so simple, and thus far so successful, you will be smacking your forehead wondering, \"Why didn't I think of that?\" (Sort of like me and that book.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called \"the bedtime pass,\" and it works like this: Every night, parents give their child a five-by-seven card that is the bedtime pass. They explain to their child that the pass is good for one excused departure from the bedroom per night, whether that's to use the bathroom, get one more hug, report a scary dream, whatever. After the pass is used, the child may not leave the bedroom again, and the parents are not to answer if they call out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really is that simple,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.boystownpediatrics.org/counselingservices/behavioralhealthstaff/Pages/ConnieSchnoes.aspx\">Connie Schnoes\u003c/a>, director of National Behavioral Health Dissemination at the Boys Town Center for Behavioral Health in Boys Town, Neb. \"The bedtime pass is all about the kids falling asleep by themselves in their own bed in a quiet, dark room. It gets the parent in the routine of putting them to bed, saying goodnight, and getting out, which is what parents typically want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preferably without having to resort to profanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schnoes conducted the original study on the bedtime pass as part of her PhD research. Patrick Friman, director of the Boys Town Center for Behavioral Health, had told her about a protocol he'd started using while in clinical service at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, helping families of young children with sleep problems and other behavioral issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Schnoes met Friman at Boys Town, he was still using the method, but no one had studied it. So Schnoes set up a pilot study with two boys, ages 3 and 10, and gathered data from 20 parents and 23 pediatricians who rated the acceptability of the bedtime pass intervention technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Crying and coming out of the bedroom reduced to zero rates in both children,\" according to the paper outlining the study released in October 1999 in the \u003cem>Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine\u003c/em>. \"Pediatricians rated the pass as significantly more acceptable than letting children sleep with parents and equivalent to ignoring. Parents rated the pass as more acceptable than either alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, larger studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the bedtime pass, particularly for children of preschool and early elementary school ages. In one study, 19 boys and girls aged 3 to 6 \"demonstrated significant reductions in the time required to quiet each night. Treatment effects were maintained at three-month follow-up. Parents reported high levels of satisfaction.\" Another study also found that the pass completely eliminated an \"extinction burst\" —what we parents refer to as a complete meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beauty of the pass is that it gives parents \u003cem>and\u003c/em> kids an element of control in what frequently is an out-of-control, emotional situation. The kids know that if they truly need to leave their room they can, but only once. And the parents know they are giving their child an option, but after that one exit they can in good conscience keep the door closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have a plan, as opposed to reacting each night, over and over,\" Schnoes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bedtime pass continues to be used at Boys Town and across the country as more pediatricians learn about it. And in case you're a parent out there who thinks that Schnoes' credentials as a specialist in behavioral pediatric sleep problems aren't enough to make her an expert, consider this: She's a mother of six.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trust me when we say there's desperation around sleep. I remember those days,\" she says. \"Bedtime resistance is about escaping that experience of bedtime that is essentially like a giant time out—the day is over, we're done playing and we're hanging out in a dark room. With the pass, children have a way to escape that in a way that's acceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wendy Mitman Clarke has contributed to Smithsonian and other magazines. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Bedtime+Pass+Helps+Parents+And+Kids+Skip+The+Sleep+Struggles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Upon Retirement, Looking Back at Three Moments That Shaped My Life",
"title": "Upon Retirement, Looking Back at Three Moments That Shaped My Life",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: Scott Dwyer retired earlier this month after 30 years as KQED's Program Director. In his goodbye note to staff he shared his philosophy of making the most out of life. We republish it here.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As most of you know, tomorrow is my last working day at KQED. I started at KQED in 1985. I've been part of the PBS world since 1981.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, I dreamed of being a TV Program Director as a little kid. It truly has been a dream come true. It has been an honor\u003cbr>\nto work with such a passionate group of people that believe that media is important and that it can make a difference in people's lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"That day changed our lives forever. That is when my wife and I realized that we don’t get to decide when our time is up.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I've put my heart and soul into it. I've had a blast. To think I was able to get paid to do something I love to do still surprises me to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now you're asking yourself: So why then, Scott, are you retiring?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The easiest way for me to answer that is to give you three dates:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>October 17, 1989\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>April 28, 2009\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>July 24, 2014\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The first date, is the biggest date, October 17, 1989. That was the day of the Loma Prieta earthquake. I just happened to be at KQED working late that day, so I was not on the Nimitz Freeway when it collapsed and killed 42 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should have been #43. My next-door neighbor, and friend, was not so fortunate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day changed our lives forever. That is when my wife and I realized that we don't get to decide when our time is up. Sure, we were in a funk, but after months of feeling sorry for ourselves, we finally gave ourselves a kick in the ass. The earthquake forced us to prioritize our life and start planning it instead of letting life just happen to us. Thinking that we would figure it out later when we had the time was no longer going to be acceptable. The time was now. We started to save for retirement -- whenever that might be and whatever it might look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jump 20 years forward to Apr. 28, 2009. My wife, a physician assistant, was working in Salinas at the time. She had a \"code red\" at the hospital, which meant everyone was needed in the emergency room immediately. She was told there had been a bus full of French tourists which had overturned. Five people were immediately killed, and many more were in very critical condition, headed to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"We have a choice to make when bad things happen: Are you going to feel sorry for yourself and run .. or stand up to it?\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The patient she saw that night had a broken jaw, a crushed eye socket, and broken ribs. The woman's body was burned and embedded with pieces of blacktop. My wife didn't think she would make it through the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman and her husband were newlyweds, and this trip was their honeymoon. The husband said when the ambulance arrived on the scene, the first thing emergency workers did was to assess and tag every person -- as \"wait,\" \"critical\" or \"we cannot help/do not resuscitate.\" This last way was how his wife was tagged. But he was adamant that she was responsive and alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only because they had room in the ambulance did they bring her in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being a foreigner in a foreign land is difficult enough. Having to deal with hospital bureaucracy in your native language is stressful enough. Put yourselves in their shoes. Just imagine what it was like for this young, traumatized couple. The fact also did not escape us that, had we had children, they would have been the age of this young couple. As a result, my wife and I did the only thing we could do. For these strangers, we became their champions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every waking minute when my wife wasn't doing her regular job, she made sure this woman got the best care possible. We let her husband stay free at our apartment in Monterey and gave him one of our cars. We worked with the community and hospital to get goods donated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a long story short, this young woman survived. She was the last one of those injured in the accident to leave the hospital three months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past six years, the woman has had multiple surgeries, and has more to come, but I am proud to say this past December they had their first baby, a girl, and they named her after my wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final date is more recent, just over two years ago -- July 24, 2014. We had a good friend a few years older than us who was hoping to retire in a couple of years. He wanted to work \"just a few more years\" and make a few more dollars to provide for his kids and wife. He was really looking forward to retirement. We both looked forward to when we would have more time to be able to spend time together. We both believed working hard now, means enjoying the fruits of our labor later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was built like an ox and exercised daily. But in December, 2014, he came down with pneumonia, and it progressively got worse. He couldn't beat it, and he passed away last August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, you're all saying, \"Thanks a lot, Scott, for depressing the hell out of us.\" The point I'm trying to make is just the opposite. We have a choice to make when bad things happen. Are you going to feel sorry for yourself and run from it or stand up to it and spit in its eye?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vYN76EwzNb5gekysxm4yv9Bv2yl0y39J\"]Our time on earth is finite. We don't get to choose our exit date. Whatever you do, putting in less than maximum effort is only cheating yourself. These events reaffirmed for us that whatever you do in life, do it with passion, a respect for others, a sense of humor, and give it your all. I also learned the importance of creating balance in your life. People close to me know my mantra is \"work hard, but play harder.\" I never felt I was ever going to be the smartest person in the room, but I knew (due to my stubbornness) that I could work harder than anyone in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I leave having no regrets. That's not to say that leaving is easy, but it is time to pass the baton. You all share a special place in my heart. I'm a soft-spoken person and one who never wanted the spotlight. People who work with me on a daily basis know I am very passionate person. Everything thing I do, I go all in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This amazing and rewarding chapter in the book of my life is coming to an end. Thanks for being characters in my book (and some of you were truly characters). It's time to start writing the next chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take care. Work hard and play harder.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: Scott Dwyer retired earlier this month after 30 years as KQED's Program Director. In his goodbye note to staff he shared his philosophy of making the most out of life. We republish it here.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As most of you know, tomorrow is my last working day at KQED. I started at KQED in 1985. I've been part of the PBS world since 1981.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, I dreamed of being a TV Program Director as a little kid. It truly has been a dream come true. It has been an honor\u003cbr>\nto work with such a passionate group of people that believe that media is important and that it can make a difference in people's lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"That day changed our lives forever. That is when my wife and I realized that we don’t get to decide when our time is up.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I've put my heart and soul into it. I've had a blast. To think I was able to get paid to do something I love to do still surprises me to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now you're asking yourself: So why then, Scott, are you retiring?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The easiest way for me to answer that is to give you three dates:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>October 17, 1989\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>April 28, 2009\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>July 24, 2014\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The first date, is the biggest date, October 17, 1989. That was the day of the Loma Prieta earthquake. I just happened to be at KQED working late that day, so I was not on the Nimitz Freeway when it collapsed and killed 42 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should have been #43. My next-door neighbor, and friend, was not so fortunate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day changed our lives forever. That is when my wife and I realized that we don't get to decide when our time is up. Sure, we were in a funk, but after months of feeling sorry for ourselves, we finally gave ourselves a kick in the ass. The earthquake forced us to prioritize our life and start planning it instead of letting life just happen to us. Thinking that we would figure it out later when we had the time was no longer going to be acceptable. The time was now. We started to save for retirement -- whenever that might be and whatever it might look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jump 20 years forward to Apr. 28, 2009. My wife, a physician assistant, was working in Salinas at the time. She had a \"code red\" at the hospital, which meant everyone was needed in the emergency room immediately. She was told there had been a bus full of French tourists which had overturned. Five people were immediately killed, and many more were in very critical condition, headed to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"We have a choice to make when bad things happen: Are you going to feel sorry for yourself and run .. or stand up to it?\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The patient she saw that night had a broken jaw, a crushed eye socket, and broken ribs. The woman's body was burned and embedded with pieces of blacktop. My wife didn't think she would make it through the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman and her husband were newlyweds, and this trip was their honeymoon. The husband said when the ambulance arrived on the scene, the first thing emergency workers did was to assess and tag every person -- as \"wait,\" \"critical\" or \"we cannot help/do not resuscitate.\" This last way was how his wife was tagged. But he was adamant that she was responsive and alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only because they had room in the ambulance did they bring her in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being a foreigner in a foreign land is difficult enough. Having to deal with hospital bureaucracy in your native language is stressful enough. Put yourselves in their shoes. Just imagine what it was like for this young, traumatized couple. The fact also did not escape us that, had we had children, they would have been the age of this young couple. As a result, my wife and I did the only thing we could do. For these strangers, we became their champions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every waking minute when my wife wasn't doing her regular job, she made sure this woman got the best care possible. We let her husband stay free at our apartment in Monterey and gave him one of our cars. We worked with the community and hospital to get goods donated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a long story short, this young woman survived. She was the last one of those injured in the accident to leave the hospital three months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past six years, the woman has had multiple surgeries, and has more to come, but I am proud to say this past December they had their first baby, a girl, and they named her after my wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final date is more recent, just over two years ago -- July 24, 2014. We had a good friend a few years older than us who was hoping to retire in a couple of years. He wanted to work \"just a few more years\" and make a few more dollars to provide for his kids and wife. He was really looking forward to retirement. We both looked forward to when we would have more time to be able to spend time together. We both believed working hard now, means enjoying the fruits of our labor later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was built like an ox and exercised daily. But in December, 2014, he came down with pneumonia, and it progressively got worse. He couldn't beat it, and he passed away last August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, you're all saying, \"Thanks a lot, Scott, for depressing the hell out of us.\" The point I'm trying to make is just the opposite. We have a choice to make when bad things happen. Are you going to feel sorry for yourself and run from it or stand up to it and spit in its eye?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Our time on earth is finite. We don't get to choose our exit date. Whatever you do, putting in less than maximum effort is only cheating yourself. These events reaffirmed for us that whatever you do in life, do it with passion, a respect for others, a sense of humor, and give it your all. I also learned the importance of creating balance in your life. People close to me know my mantra is \"work hard, but play harder.\" I never felt I was ever going to be the smartest person in the room, but I knew (due to my stubbornness) that I could work harder than anyone in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I leave having no regrets. That's not to say that leaving is easy, but it is time to pass the baton. You all share a special place in my heart. I'm a soft-spoken person and one who never wanted the spotlight. People who work with me on a daily basis know I am very passionate person. Everything thing I do, I go all in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This amazing and rewarding chapter in the book of my life is coming to an end. Thanks for being characters in my book (and some of you were truly characters). It's time to start writing the next chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Certain complications during pregnancy may increase a woman's risk of dying from heart disease later in life, according to a new analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That increased risk can be dramatic, more than 7-fold, if a woman experiences combinations of problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis is from Oakland's Public Health Institute and was \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2015/09/14/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003901.abstract?sid=07de4322-6ada-4d01-9f5b-513f74251791\" target=\"_blank\">published Monday\u003c/a> in the American Heart Association journal, Circulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heart disease is the number one killer of women in America, responsible for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_women_heart.htm\" target=\"_blank\">one in every four deaths\u003c/a> among women, according to the Centers for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors have long known that pregnancy puts real stress on a woman's cardiovascular system, this study confirms and quantifies some known risks and identifies new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women followed and assessed were part of a unique group of more than 15,000 pregnant women who enrolled in the Oakland metropolitan area Child Health and Development Studies between 1959 and 1967. Researchers have been following these women for decades since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 7.1 times increased risk of death from heart disease happened in women who had pre-pregnancy or early-pregnancy high blood pressure in combination with a pre-term delivery of the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a woman had pre-existing high blood pressure and\u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/preeclampsia-eclampsia\" target=\"_blank\"> pre-eclampsia\u003c/a>, which is characterized by high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy and protein in the urine, her risk of later heart disease death increased 5.6 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior author Barbara Cohn with Oakland's Public Health Institute said she was surprised by the some of the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Knowing additional information about the combinations of complications ... led to higher risk of cardiovascular disease than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohn and her colleagues also identified statistically significant differences for African-American women. They made up 22 percent of the enrollees in the study, but were 1.7 times more likely to die of heart disease, if they developed high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Women in other ethnic groups -- Hispanic, Asian, and Caucasian -- did not appear to be at significant increased risk from this development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohn argued that doctors could save lives simply by taking a woman's pregnancy history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If she has had these complications, (doctors) can begin surveillance early, recommend prevention measures that the patient can take to address factors they can control,\" Cohn said. \"It's really not expensive to get this history. It doesn't require an intervention like a blood test or a special medical test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC San Francisco professor Dr. Rita Redberg, who directs women's cardiovascular services, was not involved in the study. In an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://consumer.healthday.com/cardiovascular-health-information-20/misc-stroke-related-heart-news-360/complicated-pregnancy-linked-to-later-heart-disease-703466.html\" target=\"_blank\">HealthDay \u003c/a>she said that the study reveals an opportunity to identify the at-risk population at a younger age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we're catching women younger when we're doing it during pregnancy,\" Redberg said. \"While it's never too late, we like to start young.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Certain complications during pregnancy may increase a woman's risk of dying from heart disease later in life, according to a new analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That increased risk can be dramatic, more than 7-fold, if a woman experiences combinations of problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis is from Oakland's Public Health Institute and was \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2015/09/14/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003901.abstract?sid=07de4322-6ada-4d01-9f5b-513f74251791\" target=\"_blank\">published Monday\u003c/a> in the American Heart Association journal, Circulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heart disease is the number one killer of women in America, responsible for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_women_heart.htm\" target=\"_blank\">one in every four deaths\u003c/a> among women, according to the Centers for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors have long known that pregnancy puts real stress on a woman's cardiovascular system, this study confirms and quantifies some known risks and identifies new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women followed and assessed were part of a unique group of more than 15,000 pregnant women who enrolled in the Oakland metropolitan area Child Health and Development Studies between 1959 and 1967. Researchers have been following these women for decades since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 7.1 times increased risk of death from heart disease happened in women who had pre-pregnancy or early-pregnancy high blood pressure in combination with a pre-term delivery of the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a woman had pre-existing high blood pressure and\u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/preeclampsia-eclampsia\" target=\"_blank\"> pre-eclampsia\u003c/a>, which is characterized by high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy and protein in the urine, her risk of later heart disease death increased 5.6 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior author Barbara Cohn with Oakland's Public Health Institute said she was surprised by the some of the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Knowing additional information about the combinations of complications ... led to higher risk of cardiovascular disease than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohn and her colleagues also identified statistically significant differences for African-American women. They made up 22 percent of the enrollees in the study, but were 1.7 times more likely to die of heart disease, if they developed high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Women in other ethnic groups -- Hispanic, Asian, and Caucasian -- did not appear to be at significant increased risk from this development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohn argued that doctors could save lives simply by taking a woman's pregnancy history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If she has had these complications, (doctors) can begin surveillance early, recommend prevention measures that the patient can take to address factors they can control,\" Cohn said. \"It's really not expensive to get this history. It doesn't require an intervention like a blood test or a special medical test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC San Francisco professor Dr. Rita Redberg, who directs women's cardiovascular services, was not involved in the study. In an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://consumer.healthday.com/cardiovascular-health-information-20/misc-stroke-related-heart-news-360/complicated-pregnancy-linked-to-later-heart-disease-703466.html\" target=\"_blank\">HealthDay \u003c/a>she said that the study reveals an opportunity to identify the at-risk population at a younger age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we're catching women younger when we're doing it during pregnancy,\" Redberg said. \"While it's never too late, we like to start young.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Do You Really Need Antimicrobials In Your Soap?",
"title": "Do You Really Need Antimicrobials In Your Soap?",
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"content": "\u003cp>With school in full swing and flu season just around the corner, you might be looking for a way to keep those germs at bay. But if you're stocking up on antibacterial soaps, a study suggests you might as well be reaching for that regular old bar of soap instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korean scientists found that antibacterial soap with the active ingredient triclosan was \"no more effective than plain soap at reducing bacterial contamination when used under 'real-life' conditions,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/jac/press_releases/prpaper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in the \u003cem>Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy\u003c/em> this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Brian Sansoni, a spokesman for the trade organization that represents makers of household cleaning products, calls the study \"kind of irrelevant.\" That's because Sansoni says companies are increasingly switching to other ingredients in place of triclosan, which has been criticized for potentially causing a variety of health issues, from antibiotic resistance to endocrine disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study \"talks about one specific ingredient that really is not being used in much of the mass-market antibacterial soaps anymore,\" says Sansoni, vice president of communication and membership for the American Cleaning Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how many antibacterial products still contain triclosan. A quick scan of the Internet finds a host of websites that list products containing it. But a closer look at some of the products shows that triclosan has been substituted for another antimicrobial ingredient. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dialsoap.com/products/original-antibacterial-foaming-hand-wash\" target=\"_blank\">Dial Complete Antibacterial Hand Wash\u003c/a> comes up in many searches for triclosan, despite the fact that it now contains benzethonium chloride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triclosan can still be found in some personal care items, like Cetaphil's Gentle Cleansing Antibacterial Bar, Colgate Total toothpaste, CVS Antibacterial Hand Soap and Dawn Ultra Antibacterial Dishwashing Liquid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Procter & Gamble, the maker of Dawn, states \u003ca href=\"http://us.pg.com/our_brands/product_safety/ingredient_safety/triclosan\" target=\"_blank\">on its webpage\u003c/a> that the company has removed triclosan from more than 99 percent of the products where it had been used and has \"an exit plan for the few remaining uses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Sansoni couldn't specify exactly why makers of antibacterial products are switching to other active ingredients, he says that the companies didn't ditch triclosan due to safety issues. Antibacterial soaps and washes have a long history of safety and effectiveness, he says, backed by scientific data and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Food and Drug Administration's consumer information \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm205999.htm\" target=\"_blank\">page on triclosan\u003c/a> is a little less definite. \"Triclosan is not currently known to be hazardous to humans,\" the page reads. \"But several scientific studies have come out since the last time FDA reviewed this ingredient that merit further review,\" including animal studies indicating that triclosan alters hormone regulation and other studies suggesting that triclosan contributes to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics used for medical treatments. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/111/48/17200.full.pdf+html\">study\u003c/a> published last year by the journal \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em> found that triclosan promotes liver tumors in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost two years ago, the Food and Drug Administration issued a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm378542.htm\" target=\"_blank\">proposed rule\u003c/a> that would require antibacterial soap manufacturers to show that the soaps and body washes are \"safe for long-term daily use and more effective than plain soap and water in preventing illness and the spread of certain infections.\" The rule would apply to all antibacterial soap products, not just those with the ingredient triclosan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An FDA spokesperson said via email that antibacterial soap products are allowed to stay on shelves for now, and that the FDA expects to issue a final ruling by this time next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the controversy over its safety, there's also the question of whether triclosan is better at tackling germs than plain old soap and water. The authors of this latest study, who are from Korea University in Seoul, compared the effects of regular soap and antibacterial soap on 20 strains of bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found no significant difference between the two soaps in combating bacteria in the short time frame typical for hand washing. The antibacterial soap had a greater bacteria-fighting effect than regular soap when applied for nine hours – long after we've stopped washing our hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This study shows that presence of antiseptic ingredients – in this case, triclosan – in soap does not always guarantee higher antimicrobial efficacy during hand washing,\" Min Suk Rhee, a professor in the department of biotechnology and one of the study's authors, says in an email. \"If the manufacturer would like to advertise antiseptic efficacy of their products, they should supply scientific evidence to support the claims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/23/387766821/there-s-bacteria-in-your-soap-and-everywhere-else\" target=\"_blank\">all soap contains bacteria\u003c/a>, as we noted earlier this year. Manufacturers are required to keep the germs down to a certain level, which they do with antimicrobial agents, even if the product isn't labeled as such.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+You+Really+Need+Antimicrobials+In+Your+Soap%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With school in full swing and flu season just around the corner, you might be looking for a way to keep those germs at bay. But if you're stocking up on antibacterial soaps, a study suggests you might as well be reaching for that regular old bar of soap instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korean scientists found that antibacterial soap with the active ingredient triclosan was \"no more effective than plain soap at reducing bacterial contamination when used under 'real-life' conditions,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/jac/press_releases/prpaper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in the \u003cem>Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy\u003c/em> this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Brian Sansoni, a spokesman for the trade organization that represents makers of household cleaning products, calls the study \"kind of irrelevant.\" That's because Sansoni says companies are increasingly switching to other ingredients in place of triclosan, which has been criticized for potentially causing a variety of health issues, from antibiotic resistance to endocrine disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study \"talks about one specific ingredient that really is not being used in much of the mass-market antibacterial soaps anymore,\" says Sansoni, vice president of communication and membership for the American Cleaning Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how many antibacterial products still contain triclosan. A quick scan of the Internet finds a host of websites that list products containing it. But a closer look at some of the products shows that triclosan has been substituted for another antimicrobial ingredient. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dialsoap.com/products/original-antibacterial-foaming-hand-wash\" target=\"_blank\">Dial Complete Antibacterial Hand Wash\u003c/a> comes up in many searches for triclosan, despite the fact that it now contains benzethonium chloride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triclosan can still be found in some personal care items, like Cetaphil's Gentle Cleansing Antibacterial Bar, Colgate Total toothpaste, CVS Antibacterial Hand Soap and Dawn Ultra Antibacterial Dishwashing Liquid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Procter & Gamble, the maker of Dawn, states \u003ca href=\"http://us.pg.com/our_brands/product_safety/ingredient_safety/triclosan\" target=\"_blank\">on its webpage\u003c/a> that the company has removed triclosan from more than 99 percent of the products where it had been used and has \"an exit plan for the few remaining uses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Sansoni couldn't specify exactly why makers of antibacterial products are switching to other active ingredients, he says that the companies didn't ditch triclosan due to safety issues. Antibacterial soaps and washes have a long history of safety and effectiveness, he says, backed by scientific data and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Food and Drug Administration's consumer information \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm205999.htm\" target=\"_blank\">page on triclosan\u003c/a> is a little less definite. \"Triclosan is not currently known to be hazardous to humans,\" the page reads. \"But several scientific studies have come out since the last time FDA reviewed this ingredient that merit further review,\" including animal studies indicating that triclosan alters hormone regulation and other studies suggesting that triclosan contributes to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics used for medical treatments. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/111/48/17200.full.pdf+html\">study\u003c/a> published last year by the journal \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em> found that triclosan promotes liver tumors in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost two years ago, the Food and Drug Administration issued a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm378542.htm\" target=\"_blank\">proposed rule\u003c/a> that would require antibacterial soap manufacturers to show that the soaps and body washes are \"safe for long-term daily use and more effective than plain soap and water in preventing illness and the spread of certain infections.\" The rule would apply to all antibacterial soap products, not just those with the ingredient triclosan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An FDA spokesperson said via email that antibacterial soap products are allowed to stay on shelves for now, and that the FDA expects to issue a final ruling by this time next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the controversy over its safety, there's also the question of whether triclosan is better at tackling germs than plain old soap and water. The authors of this latest study, who are from Korea University in Seoul, compared the effects of regular soap and antibacterial soap on 20 strains of bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found no significant difference between the two soaps in combating bacteria in the short time frame typical for hand washing. The antibacterial soap had a greater bacteria-fighting effect than regular soap when applied for nine hours – long after we've stopped washing our hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This study shows that presence of antiseptic ingredients – in this case, triclosan – in soap does not always guarantee higher antimicrobial efficacy during hand washing,\" Min Suk Rhee, a professor in the department of biotechnology and one of the study's authors, says in an email. \"If the manufacturer would like to advertise antiseptic efficacy of their products, they should supply scientific evidence to support the claims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/23/387766821/there-s-bacteria-in-your-soap-and-everywhere-else\" target=\"_blank\">all soap contains bacteria\u003c/a>, as we noted earlier this year. Manufacturers are required to keep the germs down to a certain level, which they do with antimicrobial agents, even if the product isn't labeled as such.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+You+Really+Need+Antimicrobials+In+Your+Soap%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump likely wrecked the day of vaccine experts across the country in\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/17/fiorina-seen-as-big-winner-in-debate\" target=\"_blank\"> last night's Republican debate.\u003c/a> Trump reiterated his opinion that vaccines cause autism, a belief that has been thoroughly debunked by\u003ca href=\"https://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/faq/vaccinestudies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> repeated studies.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidate Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, did refute Trump, saying, \"We have extremely well-documented proof that there's no autism associated with vaccinations.\" The Autism Self Advocacy Network also pointed to the \"wealth of scientific evidence debunking any link between autism and vaccinations,\" in its\u003ca href=\"http://autisticadvocacy.org/2015/09/asan-statement-on-gop-primary-debate-comments-on-autism-and-vaccination/\" target=\"_blank\"> own statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then pretty quickly, the discussion morphed into a challenge of the vaccine schedule itself. Worse, it started with Sen. Rand Paul, who is a physician, an ophthalmologist, and said he was for vaccines but also \"for freedom.\" He suggested spacing out vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump essentially said the same thing. “I’m in favor of vaccines,\" he said, then added the caveat: \"Do them over a longer period of time, same amount, ... But just in little sections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"O8p9ZQtXNTAMRJgH7Um67yJk3kMEayZM\"]The American Academy of Pediatrics is trying to set the record straight: \"There is no 'alternative' immunization schedule,\" Dr. Karen Remley, executive director of the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics-Reiterates-Safety-and-Importance-of-Vaccines.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement\u003c/a>. \"Delaying vaccines only leaves a child at risk of disease for a longer period of time; it does not make vaccinating safer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends \u003c/a>vaccinating against 14 diseases, beginning at birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Paul Offit, who directs the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, is one of the vaccine experts who is now spending a chunk of his day countering Trump's assertions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, 100 years ago, there was just one vaccine available -- smallpox. Today, there are far more. But the overall challenge to the immune system is actually smaller today, Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of immunological components in vaccines today is fewer than the one vaccine we got a hundred years ago,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond vaccines, simply living outside the womb's sterile environment, Offit says, makes your immune system work harder than today's vaccines do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you leave the womb,\" he said, \"very quickly you have living on the surface of your body trillions of bacteria to which you make an immune response.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're always exposed to a whole wealth of immune challenges, every day, that are far greater than what you get from vaccines,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Art Reingold, a professor of public health at UC Berkeley, also vouched for the safety of the schedule. \"We know we are not overwhelming the infant's immune system, that the infant on a daily basis sees more antigens just in terms of interacting with the environment and crawling around, than from vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine schedule is well-tested, Offit says, and new vaccines are not added randomly. \"You can't put a vaccine onto the existing schedule without proving that that vaccine doesn't interfere with the safety profile of existing vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when Donald Trump suggests that vaccines can be spaced out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's \"arguing for a schedule that's untested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While delaying vaccines puts children at risk of contracting disease, as the American Academy of Pediatrics' Remley noted, it's unclear how great that delay would be for specific shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would depend on which disease and how common it is,\" Reingold said and would be hard to quantify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But delaying vaccines might be the only way some parents will consent to vaccinating their child in the first place. \"There are providers who might say ... 'I'm willing to work with you on that,' \" Reingold speculated, while noting that he does not see patients himself. \"I'm sure those are difficult discussions between parents and providers.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump likely wrecked the day of vaccine experts across the country in\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/17/fiorina-seen-as-big-winner-in-debate\" target=\"_blank\"> last night's Republican debate.\u003c/a> Trump reiterated his opinion that vaccines cause autism, a belief that has been thoroughly debunked by\u003ca href=\"https://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/faq/vaccinestudies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> repeated studies.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidate Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, did refute Trump, saying, \"We have extremely well-documented proof that there's no autism associated with vaccinations.\" The Autism Self Advocacy Network also pointed to the \"wealth of scientific evidence debunking any link between autism and vaccinations,\" in its\u003ca href=\"http://autisticadvocacy.org/2015/09/asan-statement-on-gop-primary-debate-comments-on-autism-and-vaccination/\" target=\"_blank\"> own statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then pretty quickly, the discussion morphed into a challenge of the vaccine schedule itself. Worse, it started with Sen. Rand Paul, who is a physician, an ophthalmologist, and said he was for vaccines but also \"for freedom.\" He suggested spacing out vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump essentially said the same thing. “I’m in favor of vaccines,\" he said, then added the caveat: \"Do them over a longer period of time, same amount, ... But just in little sections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics is trying to set the record straight: \"There is no 'alternative' immunization schedule,\" Dr. Karen Remley, executive director of the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics-Reiterates-Safety-and-Importance-of-Vaccines.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement\u003c/a>. \"Delaying vaccines only leaves a child at risk of disease for a longer period of time; it does not make vaccinating safer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends \u003c/a>vaccinating against 14 diseases, beginning at birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Paul Offit, who directs the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, is one of the vaccine experts who is now spending a chunk of his day countering Trump's assertions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, 100 years ago, there was just one vaccine available -- smallpox. Today, there are far more. But the overall challenge to the immune system is actually smaller today, Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of immunological components in vaccines today is fewer than the one vaccine we got a hundred years ago,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond vaccines, simply living outside the womb's sterile environment, Offit says, makes your immune system work harder than today's vaccines do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you leave the womb,\" he said, \"very quickly you have living on the surface of your body trillions of bacteria to which you make an immune response.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're always exposed to a whole wealth of immune challenges, every day, that are far greater than what you get from vaccines,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Art Reingold, a professor of public health at UC Berkeley, also vouched for the safety of the schedule. \"We know we are not overwhelming the infant's immune system, that the infant on a daily basis sees more antigens just in terms of interacting with the environment and crawling around, than from vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine schedule is well-tested, Offit says, and new vaccines are not added randomly. \"You can't put a vaccine onto the existing schedule without proving that that vaccine doesn't interfere with the safety profile of existing vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when Donald Trump suggests that vaccines can be spaced out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's \"arguing for a schedule that's untested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While delaying vaccines puts children at risk of contracting disease, as the American Academy of Pediatrics' Remley noted, it's unclear how great that delay would be for specific shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would depend on which disease and how common it is,\" Reingold said and would be hard to quantify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But delaying vaccines might be the only way some parents will consent to vaccinating their child in the first place. \"There are providers who might say ... 'I'm willing to work with you on that,' \" Reingold speculated, while noting that he does not see patients himself. \"I'm sure those are difficult discussions between parents and providers.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "One-Third of American Kids Still Eat Fast Food Every Day",
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"content": "\u003cp>NEW YORK (AP) — About one-third of U.S. children and teens eat pizza or other fast food every day, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/\" target=\"_blank\">new government report \u003c/a>shows. That's about the same as it was in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At least we're not seeing it go up,\" said one of the report's authors, Cheryl Fryar. The report was released Wednesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also been no change in the proportion of calories that kids get from fast food daily. It's been at about 12 percent for the last decade, slightly more than the 11 percent previously reported for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast food is considered heavy in calories, and scientists have pointed at drive-thru french fries and takeout pizza as contributors to kids being overweight. Childhood obesity — a national health concern — has been stable at about 17 percent over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, the CDC asked about 3,100 children ages 2 through 19 — or their parents — what they ate over the previous 24 hours. The survey was done in 2011 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are averages: Included are some people who almost never eat fast food, as well as others who eat a lot of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Adolescents got about 17 percent of their daily calories from fast food, compared with about 9 percent in younger children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Black, white and Hispanic youth all got roughly the same proportion of their daily calories from fast food — around 12 percent. For Asians, the average was significantly lower, at 8 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There was no significant difference between kids from families of different income levels. Some studies have found a difference, Fryar noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study didn't give calorie totals, but other government research suggests kids consume about 1,900 calories a day. That means kids average about 245 calories each day from fast food. That's about the equivalent of a basic McDonald's hamburger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report was the first by the government on fast food calories in children, but other researchers have used CDC survey data to report on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NEW YORK (AP) — About one-third of U.S. children and teens eat pizza or other fast food every day, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/\" target=\"_blank\">new government report \u003c/a>shows. That's about the same as it was in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At least we're not seeing it go up,\" said one of the report's authors, Cheryl Fryar. The report was released Wednesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also been no change in the proportion of calories that kids get from fast food daily. It's been at about 12 percent for the last decade, slightly more than the 11 percent previously reported for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast food is considered heavy in calories, and scientists have pointed at drive-thru french fries and takeout pizza as contributors to kids being overweight. Childhood obesity — a national health concern — has been stable at about 17 percent over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, the CDC asked about 3,100 children ages 2 through 19 — or their parents — what they ate over the previous 24 hours. The survey was done in 2011 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hispanic Americans are more likely than other Americans to be diagnosed with skin cancer in its later stages, when it's more apt to be fatal. One reason is the misconception that people with darker skin are immune from skin cancer, researchers say. Another is that public health campaigns tend to focus on lighter-skinned people, inadvertently reinforcing that belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is an idea among Hispanics that 'People like me don't get skin cancer,' \" says Dr. Elliot J. Coups, a researcher and resident member at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey. \"It's true that they're at lower risk, but they're still at some risk — it's not zero risk. Hispanic individuals can be diagnosed with skin cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lifetime risk for being diagnosed with melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is just 0.5 percent for Hispanics, compared to 2.4 percent in non-Hispanic whites and 0.1 percent in blacks, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/detailedguide/melanoma-skin-cancer-key-statistics\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society.\u003c/a> But 26 percent of Hispanic patients with melanoma aren't diagnosed until the cancer has progressed to the late stages, compared to 16 percent of white patients. That vastly increases their risk of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not because people from Latin American countries don't realize they need to protect themselves from the sun, Coups says. Instead, his research has found the opposite – that as Hispanic people assimilate to mainstream U.S. culture, they're more likely to put themselves at risk, with behaviors including lower use of sunscreen and sun-protective clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add that to the fact that the vast majority of public health campaigns link skin cancer risk to skin tone, and it's no wonder many Hispanics think they needn't worry, says Jennifer Hay, a behavioral scientist and clinical health psychologist who treats melanoma patients at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Hay and her colleagues looked at skin cancer education practices in Albuquerque, N.M., where 40 percent of the city's population self-identifies as Hispanic. She \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjhp.org/Volume12Issue1_2014/documents/Formatted_CJHP07092013_Torres.pdf\">found\u003c/a> that U.S.-born Hispanics were more likely than non-Hispanic whites to report misconceptions like, \"People with skin cancer would have pain or other symptoms prior to diagnosis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were less likely to have gotten skin-cancer screening from a physician and less likely to wear sun-protective clothing, but as likely to use sunscreen and seek shade as were non-Hispanic whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There needs to be an increase in culturally relevant skin cancer prevention campaigns that target ethnic minorities, Hays says. Her current research, conducted in Spanish Harlem in New York City, has found that people do want information on preventing skin cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found is that people are really receptive to this kind of information, but they have not had the kind of access to it that we would like to see,\" says Hay. \"That behooves us as public health researchers to find vehicles and channels to get this information out to more populations who could benefit from it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not to say that skin tone doesn't matter; lighter-skinned people still do face a greater risk. \"Latinos have a wide range of skin types,\" says Hay. \"That range of skin type is much more important than whether one self-identifies as Latino or Hispanic. You can self-identify as Latino and still have very light skin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dr. Henry W. Lim, chairman of dermatology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, says everyone, no matter their skin tone, should \u003ca href=\"https://www.aad.org/spot-skin-cancer/learn-about-skin-cancer/prevent-skin-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">practice sun safety.\u003c/a> \"We should go out and enjoy outdoor activities, but we should try to seek shade and we should wear appropriate clothing to cover up,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ellie Hartleb is a freelance writer based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hispanics+May+Think+They+Can%27t+Get+Skin+Cancer%2C+But+They%27re+Wrong&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hispanic Americans are more likely than other Americans to be diagnosed with skin cancer in its later stages, when it's more apt to be fatal. One reason is the misconception that people with darker skin are immune from skin cancer, researchers say. Another is that public health campaigns tend to focus on lighter-skinned people, inadvertently reinforcing that belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is an idea among Hispanics that 'People like me don't get skin cancer,' \" says Dr. Elliot J. Coups, a researcher and resident member at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey. \"It's true that they're at lower risk, but they're still at some risk — it's not zero risk. Hispanic individuals can be diagnosed with skin cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lifetime risk for being diagnosed with melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is just 0.5 percent for Hispanics, compared to 2.4 percent in non-Hispanic whites and 0.1 percent in blacks, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/detailedguide/melanoma-skin-cancer-key-statistics\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society.\u003c/a> But 26 percent of Hispanic patients with melanoma aren't diagnosed until the cancer has progressed to the late stages, compared to 16 percent of white patients. That vastly increases their risk of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not because people from Latin American countries don't realize they need to protect themselves from the sun, Coups says. Instead, his research has found the opposite – that as Hispanic people assimilate to mainstream U.S. culture, they're more likely to put themselves at risk, with behaviors including lower use of sunscreen and sun-protective clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add that to the fact that the vast majority of public health campaigns link skin cancer risk to skin tone, and it's no wonder many Hispanics think they needn't worry, says Jennifer Hay, a behavioral scientist and clinical health psychologist who treats melanoma patients at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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