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"content": "\u003cp>Hey bikers, you know the exercise is great for you. But for those of you cycling on busy city streets, ever wonder what breathing all that exhaust is doing to you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our public radio colleagues at WNYC have partnered with researchers at Columbia University in a fascinating new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're measuring air quality and its effects on people breathing it -- all done via bikers fitted with heart rate and respiration trackers, a portable blood pressure cuff, and specialized air monitors that measure pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science Friday produced\u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/story/bike-way-whats-air-you-cycle-city-streets/\" target=\"_blank\"> a short video\u003c/a> outlining the project. \"The core idea of this study is to take into account not just the personal exposures, but also the amount people are breathing and how that multiplier [from moving around the city] affects the actual dose of pollution,\" Columbia professor Darby Jack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is funded by the National Institute of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the longest time, most studies relied upon air monitors that have been on rooftops, far from sources, and have really been done primarily on ambient levels, totally ignoring the fact that people are breathing at very diferent rates levels throgh the day,\" said Steven Chillrud, also at Columbia. \"And that's our overall hypothesis, if you're an active person and exercise you should be looking at dose and not just concentration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you know any bikers in New York City who want to be part of the bicycle brigade, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/series/biking-and-breathing/\" target=\"_blank\">they can sign up here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hey bikers, you know the exercise is great for you. But for those of you cycling on busy city streets, ever wonder what breathing all that exhaust is doing to you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our public radio colleagues at WNYC have partnered with researchers at Columbia University in a fascinating new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're measuring air quality and its effects on people breathing it -- all done via bikers fitted with heart rate and respiration trackers, a portable blood pressure cuff, and specialized air monitors that measure pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science Friday produced\u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/story/bike-way-whats-air-you-cycle-city-streets/\" target=\"_blank\"> a short video\u003c/a> outlining the project. \"The core idea of this study is to take into account not just the personal exposures, but also the amount people are breathing and how that multiplier [from moving around the city] affects the actual dose of pollution,\" Columbia professor Darby Jack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is funded by the National Institute of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Crowded swimming holes, busy cooling centers and shuttered schools are all part of record-setting temperatures hitting California as excessive heat warnings were issued into Thursday night in many areas, especially the Central Valley and lower mountain elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of cooling centers are open in senior centers and libraries around California as high temperatures statewide, some triple-digit numbers, were expected from Sacramento to San Bernardino and Fresno to Fullerton in a heat-wave forecast, according to the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials are reminding people to protect themselves during the sizzling heat. \"It is important that everyone stay cool, stay hydrated, stay inside and take other precautions to avoid heat-related illnesses,\" said Dr. Karen Smith, state health officer, in a statement from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At highest risk during extreme heat are young children, the elderly, people with chronic illness or disabilities, pregnant women and people who are socially isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"zZvWkVEgzTms3cr9XESochfmM0y4pQnb\"]\"Taking a moment to check on someone who lives alone can make a big difference in these extreme conditions,\" said Will Lightbourne, director of the California Department of Social Services, in the CDPH release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In parts of the state where air quality is poor, people with chronic illnesses like heart disease, asthma or other respiratory problems, should avoid outdoor activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith has these suggestions to stay safe during the heat wave:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Drink plenty of water or juice, even if you are not thirsty. Avoid alcohol.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you don’t have air conditioning, visit a cooling center or a public place with air conditioning (such as a shopping mall or library) to cool off for a few hours each day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid outdoor physical activity during the hottest parts of the day -- generally 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear a wide-brimmed hat and loose-fitting clothing to keep cool and to protect your skin from the sun.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check frequently on elderly relatives or friends who live alone. Many may be on medications which increase likelihood of dehydration.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To prevent overheating, use cool compresses, misting, showers and baths. Get medical attention if you experience a rapid, strong pulse, you feel delirious or have a body temperature above 102 degrees.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Never leave infants, children, elderly or pets in a parked car. It can take as little as 10 minutes for the temperature inside a car to rise to levels that can kill.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear sunglasses that provide 100 percent UVA and UVB protection. Chronic exposure to the sun can cause cataracts.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Liberally apply sunscreen (at least SPF 15) 15 minutes before going outdoors and re-apply at least every two hours.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters say temperatures should be cooler this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District \u003ca href=\"http://www.sparetheair.org\" target=\"_blank\">issued Spare the Air Alerts\u003c/a> for Wednesday and Thursday, which is used on days when it's hot and air quality is forecast to be unhealthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Crowded swimming holes, busy cooling centers and shuttered schools are all part of record-setting temperatures hitting California as excessive heat warnings were issued into Thursday night in many areas, especially the Central Valley and lower mountain elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of cooling centers are open in senior centers and libraries around California as high temperatures statewide, some triple-digit numbers, were expected from Sacramento to San Bernardino and Fresno to Fullerton in a heat-wave forecast, according to the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials are reminding people to protect themselves during the sizzling heat. \"It is important that everyone stay cool, stay hydrated, stay inside and take other precautions to avoid heat-related illnesses,\" said Dr. Karen Smith, state health officer, in a statement from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At highest risk during extreme heat are young children, the elderly, people with chronic illness or disabilities, pregnant women and people who are socially isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"Taking a moment to check on someone who lives alone can make a big difference in these extreme conditions,\" said Will Lightbourne, director of the California Department of Social Services, in the CDPH release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In parts of the state where air quality is poor, people with chronic illnesses like heart disease, asthma or other respiratory problems, should avoid outdoor activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith has these suggestions to stay safe during the heat wave:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Drink plenty of water or juice, even if you are not thirsty. Avoid alcohol.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you don’t have air conditioning, visit a cooling center or a public place with air conditioning (such as a shopping mall or library) to cool off for a few hours each day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid outdoor physical activity during the hottest parts of the day -- generally 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear a wide-brimmed hat and loose-fitting clothing to keep cool and to protect your skin from the sun.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check frequently on elderly relatives or friends who live alone. Many may be on medications which increase likelihood of dehydration.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To prevent overheating, use cool compresses, misting, showers and baths. Get medical attention if you experience a rapid, strong pulse, you feel delirious or have a body temperature above 102 degrees.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Never leave infants, children, elderly or pets in a parked car. It can take as little as 10 minutes for the temperature inside a car to rise to levels that can kill.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear sunglasses that provide 100 percent UVA and UVB protection. Chronic exposure to the sun can cause cataracts.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Liberally apply sunscreen (at least SPF 15) 15 minutes before going outdoors and re-apply at least every two hours.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters say temperatures should be cooler this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District \u003ca href=\"http://www.sparetheair.org\" target=\"_blank\">issued Spare the Air Alerts\u003c/a> for Wednesday and Thursday, which is used on days when it's hot and air quality is forecast to be unhealthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What on Earth Do You Say to a Woman Who's Losing Her Hair?",
"title": "What on Earth Do You Say to a Woman Who's Losing Her Hair?",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In a culture that associates women's hair with beauty, health and desirability, losing it can be a a momentous prospect. Women can experience hair loss for a variety of reasons: through medical issues, cancer treatment, the aging process or a surprisingly common condition called alopecia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That last one is what I have: alopecia. It's an auto-immune condition -- meaning that the body attacks itself. With alopecia, the immune system attacks the hair follicles resulting in partial or total loss of hair, from the head to the entire body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Alopecia Areata Foundation \u003ca href=\"https://www.naaf.org/alopecia-areata\" target=\"_blank\">estimates\u003c/a> that more than 6.6 million people in the United States and 147 million worldwide have, had or will develop alopecia areata — the most common type, where sufferers find dime-sized patches of hair loss on their head. Alopecia can be temporary or permanent, and there's no 100 percent effective treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having lost all my hair at age 19, I've been \"hair-free\" (my personal rebrand) for a decade now. My colleagues at KQED Forum recently invited me to be part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201509041000\" target=\"_blank\">discussion about women and hair loss\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/222924065\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to working at KQED, I also write my \u003ca href=\"http://www.eyelineher.org/\" target=\"_blank\">EyelineHer blog\u003c/a> for women losing their hair -- for any reason -- dedicated to the practical tips and beauty tricks I've learned over ten years of being the ultimate \"blank canvas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you're the loved one, friend or colleague who's \u003cem>watching\u003c/em> someone going through hair loss — a period of (often rapid) transition in which their appearance changes dramatically — and you have no idea what to say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all get tongue-tied. So, as someone who has heard it all, here's my personal take on what not to say to someone experiencing hair loss to help you avoid worrying about causing inadvertent upset or offense, because how else would you know? Plus: a few things you can and definitely \u003cem>should\u003c/em> say and do!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What Not to Say...\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>\"I wish I could wear headscarves/wigs too!\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>People who say this are so well-meaning, because they're trying to offer a positive spin on the situation. Ultimately, however, it's not helpful for someone who suddenly \u003cem>has\u003c/em> to wear a headscarf or wig for whatever reason to hear this from someone with hair — who actually has a choice in the matter. At the very least, it comes off insincere. To be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"I'm jealous: it must take you no time at all to get ready in the morning!\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>See above! Someone who's just lost their hair would gladly trade in their alleged extra half-hour in the morning for their hair back, believe me. (And for most hair-free types, the reverse is actually true: if you use make-up to recreate eyebrows and eyelashes, this takes much longer than a \"normal\" make-up routine, at least initially.) The best you'll get here is a strained smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"Ugh, I'm having such a bad hair day\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This one is so easy to blurt out, and most people wouldn't bat an eyelid at you saying this — unless they've just lost their hair. The most mundane hair comments can cut surprisingly deeply for people in the midst of hair loss. At worst, they'll just yell, \"At least you have hair!\" at you, and \u003cem>that\u003c/em> will be awkward. This kind of stuff is super-easy to say without thinking, so if you do utter it, the best remedy is to apologize immediately with the words, \"Ugh I am a total idiot, sorry\" and breeze on through like it never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"It'll come back though, right?\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Otherwise known as \"the infuriating amateur diagnosis.\" (Actually, the last person who said this to me was the lady at the DMV after I submitted my request to wear my cap in my drivers license photo. I jokingly replied, \"That's news to me, sweetheart!\" She did not laugh.) Yes, many folks who lose their hair do get it back. Many don't. Regardless of what's going to happen in the future, if all you want in the world at that time is for your hair to come back, hearing Dr. Unqualified telling you what they \"think\" is going to happen with your medical condition can be a bit of a kick in the pants, to say the least — even if it's coming from a good place, because they think that's what you want to hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"My friend tried X, and it worked for her!\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trust me: the raw, vulnerable relative or friend in front of you does not want to hear about your acquaintance who tried yoga/steroids/guano masques/snake-oil. They're already being bombarded with Google Ads about that stuff. They're almost certainly in touch with a variety of medical professionals about the best route forward. Leave your contact out of it. Unless, of course, that contact is also a scientist who's literally just announced 100 percent success in a peer-reviewed clinical hair loss trial of 500 subjects: then, go right ahead and share that scientist's info!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"It's only hair.\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes, it's only hair. But to a woman who's just lost theirs, it's never \"only\" hair. It will be soon — but not right now. Wait til \u003cem>they're\u003c/em> the one saying this line. Then it's an awesome mantra!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What You \u003cem>Should\u003c/em> Do...\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Laugh at their hair loss jokes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Using humor — often very dark humor — can feel really good for people losing their hair (or people losing anything, for that matter.) Really try to get over any awkwardness you might feel about such jokes, and laugh along with them, even if it's shocked laughter. If you feel really awkward, just say, \"ohhhh... you went there!\" Don't leave them hanging. (Please note: do \u003cem>not \u003c/em>attempt to make the same jokes yourself. Trust me.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Send them inspiration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>So aggrieved was I by the utter paucity of hair-free role models for my female \u003ca href=\"http://www.eyelineher.org/\" target=\"_blank\">blog\u003c/a> readers that I made \u003ca href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/TeacupInTheBay/no-hair-hall-of-fame/\" target=\"_blank\">this Pinterest board\u003c/a> of famous (and not-so-famous) women looking absolutely incredible with no hair. We live in a culture that relentlessly associates hair with femininity and vice versa, and positive representations of women without hair can be hard to find. So there, I did it for you. Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/TeacupInTheBay/no-hair-hall-of-fame/\" target=\"_blank\">here \u003c/a>to see the board and send 'em the URL!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tell them they look great\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>...just do it. Repeatedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eyelineher.org/\" target=\"_blank\">A version of this post first appeared on EyelineHer.org\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a culture that associates women's hair with beauty, health and desirability, losing it can be a a momentous prospect. Women can experience hair loss for a variety of reasons: through medical issues, cancer treatment, the aging process or a surprisingly common condition called alopecia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That last one is what I have: alopecia. It's an auto-immune condition -- meaning that the body attacks itself. With alopecia, the immune system attacks the hair follicles resulting in partial or total loss of hair, from the head to the entire body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Alopecia Areata Foundation \u003ca href=\"https://www.naaf.org/alopecia-areata\" target=\"_blank\">estimates\u003c/a> that more than 6.6 million people in the United States and 147 million worldwide have, had or will develop alopecia areata — the most common type, where sufferers find dime-sized patches of hair loss on their head. Alopecia can be temporary or permanent, and there's no 100 percent effective treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having lost all my hair at age 19, I've been \"hair-free\" (my personal rebrand) for a decade now. My colleagues at KQED Forum recently invited me to be part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201509041000\" target=\"_blank\">discussion about women and hair loss\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/222924065&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/222924065'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to working at KQED, I also write my \u003ca href=\"http://www.eyelineher.org/\" target=\"_blank\">EyelineHer blog\u003c/a> for women losing their hair -- for any reason -- dedicated to the practical tips and beauty tricks I've learned over ten years of being the ultimate \"blank canvas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you're the loved one, friend or colleague who's \u003cem>watching\u003c/em> someone going through hair loss — a period of (often rapid) transition in which their appearance changes dramatically — and you have no idea what to say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all get tongue-tied. So, as someone who has heard it all, here's my personal take on what not to say to someone experiencing hair loss to help you avoid worrying about causing inadvertent upset or offense, because how else would you know? Plus: a few things you can and definitely \u003cem>should\u003c/em> say and do!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What Not to Say...\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>\"I wish I could wear headscarves/wigs too!\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>People who say this are so well-meaning, because they're trying to offer a positive spin on the situation. Ultimately, however, it's not helpful for someone who suddenly \u003cem>has\u003c/em> to wear a headscarf or wig for whatever reason to hear this from someone with hair — who actually has a choice in the matter. At the very least, it comes off insincere. To be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"I'm jealous: it must take you no time at all to get ready in the morning!\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>See above! Someone who's just lost their hair would gladly trade in their alleged extra half-hour in the morning for their hair back, believe me. (And for most hair-free types, the reverse is actually true: if you use make-up to recreate eyebrows and eyelashes, this takes much longer than a \"normal\" make-up routine, at least initially.) The best you'll get here is a strained smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"Ugh, I'm having such a bad hair day\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This one is so easy to blurt out, and most people wouldn't bat an eyelid at you saying this — unless they've just lost their hair. The most mundane hair comments can cut surprisingly deeply for people in the midst of hair loss. At worst, they'll just yell, \"At least you have hair!\" at you, and \u003cem>that\u003c/em> will be awkward. This kind of stuff is super-easy to say without thinking, so if you do utter it, the best remedy is to apologize immediately with the words, \"Ugh I am a total idiot, sorry\" and breeze on through like it never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"It'll come back though, right?\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Otherwise known as \"the infuriating amateur diagnosis.\" (Actually, the last person who said this to me was the lady at the DMV after I submitted my request to wear my cap in my drivers license photo. I jokingly replied, \"That's news to me, sweetheart!\" She did not laugh.) Yes, many folks who lose their hair do get it back. Many don't. Regardless of what's going to happen in the future, if all you want in the world at that time is for your hair to come back, hearing Dr. Unqualified telling you what they \"think\" is going to happen with your medical condition can be a bit of a kick in the pants, to say the least — even if it's coming from a good place, because they think that's what you want to hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"My friend tried X, and it worked for her!\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trust me: the raw, vulnerable relative or friend in front of you does not want to hear about your acquaintance who tried yoga/steroids/guano masques/snake-oil. They're already being bombarded with Google Ads about that stuff. They're almost certainly in touch with a variety of medical professionals about the best route forward. Leave your contact out of it. Unless, of course, that contact is also a scientist who's literally just announced 100 percent success in a peer-reviewed clinical hair loss trial of 500 subjects: then, go right ahead and share that scientist's info!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"It's only hair.\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes, it's only hair. But to a woman who's just lost theirs, it's never \"only\" hair. It will be soon — but not right now. Wait til \u003cem>they're\u003c/em> the one saying this line. Then it's an awesome mantra!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What You \u003cem>Should\u003c/em> Do...\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Laugh at their hair loss jokes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Using humor — often very dark humor — can feel really good for people losing their hair (or people losing anything, for that matter.) Really try to get over any awkwardness you might feel about such jokes, and laugh along with them, even if it's shocked laughter. If you feel really awkward, just say, \"ohhhh... you went there!\" Don't leave them hanging. (Please note: do \u003cem>not \u003c/em>attempt to make the same jokes yourself. Trust me.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Send them inspiration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>So aggrieved was I by the utter paucity of hair-free role models for my female \u003ca href=\"http://www.eyelineher.org/\" target=\"_blank\">blog\u003c/a> readers that I made \u003ca href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/TeacupInTheBay/no-hair-hall-of-fame/\" target=\"_blank\">this Pinterest board\u003c/a> of famous (and not-so-famous) women looking absolutely incredible with no hair. We live in a culture that relentlessly associates hair with femininity and vice versa, and positive representations of women without hair can be hard to find. So there, I did it for you. Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/TeacupInTheBay/no-hair-hall-of-fame/\" target=\"_blank\">here \u003c/a>to see the board and send 'em the URL!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tell them they look great\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>...just do it. Repeatedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eyelineher.org/\" target=\"_blank\">A version of this post first appeared on EyelineHer.org\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Math can be as scary as spiders and snakes, at least in the brain of an 8-year-old child. And that early anxiety about dealing with numbers can put a child at a significant \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701105\" target=\"_blank\">disadvantage\u003c/a>, not only in school but in negotiating life and career. Fortunately, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701105\" target=\"_blank\">recent study \u003c/a>of third-graders suggests an intervention that can help. One-on-one tutoring does more than teach kids, the researchers say. It calms the fear circuitry in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most exciting aspect of our findings is that cognitive tutoring not only improves performance, but is also anxiety-reducing,\" says neuroscientist Vinod Menon, the study's senior author and a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menon and his colleagues knew from their \u003ca href=\"http://scsnl.stanford.edu/documents/Young_Neurodevelopmental_Basis_Math_Anxiety_12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">earlier research\u003c/a> using MRI scans of the brain that math anxiety activates much the same network of cells that some other common phobias activate — fear of snakes or spiders or heights, for example. And they knew that a behavioral treatment known as \u003ca href=\"http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-exposure-therapy/\" target=\"_blank\">exposure therapy\u003c/a> helps some people resolve the anxiety of those other phobias. Could the same thing be happening with math tutoring?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the scientists recruited 46 third graders who answered \u003ca href=\"http://scsnl.stanford.edu/documents/Wu_SEMA_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">questions\u003c/a> about math worries, and were also tested on simple addition problems while having their brains scanned via functional MRI. Based on their answers, scans and scores in each of the tests, the children were divided into two groups: one deemed to have higher levels of math anxiety and one with lower levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, both groups received eight weeks of one-on-one tutoring in basic arithmetic, a few sessions a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both groups did better in math at the end of the tutoring, Menon says. But most importantly, he says, the kids who had been anxious about math were 20 percent less anxious at the end of the eight weeks — a finding their brain scans confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tutoring was highly personalized says Menon — if a child got stuck on a particular concept, the tutor would work with the student to \"get beyond the bottleneck in a non-negative, encouraging way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes to next study whether computerized tutoring can produce similar benefits and brain circuit changes, and whether the reduction in math anxiety persists as the children advance to more complex problem-solving skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=One+Tutor+%2B+One+Student+%3D+Better+Math+Scores%2C+Less+Fear&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Math can be as scary as spiders and snakes, at least in the brain of an 8-year-old child. And that early anxiety about dealing with numbers can put a child at a significant \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701105\" target=\"_blank\">disadvantage\u003c/a>, not only in school but in negotiating life and career. Fortunately, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701105\" target=\"_blank\">recent study \u003c/a>of third-graders suggests an intervention that can help. One-on-one tutoring does more than teach kids, the researchers say. It calms the fear circuitry in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most exciting aspect of our findings is that cognitive tutoring not only improves performance, but is also anxiety-reducing,\" says neuroscientist Vinod Menon, the study's senior author and a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menon and his colleagues knew from their \u003ca href=\"http://scsnl.stanford.edu/documents/Young_Neurodevelopmental_Basis_Math_Anxiety_12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">earlier research\u003c/a> using MRI scans of the brain that math anxiety activates much the same network of cells that some other common phobias activate — fear of snakes or spiders or heights, for example. And they knew that a behavioral treatment known as \u003ca href=\"http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-exposure-therapy/\" target=\"_blank\">exposure therapy\u003c/a> helps some people resolve the anxiety of those other phobias. Could the same thing be happening with math tutoring?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the scientists recruited 46 third graders who answered \u003ca href=\"http://scsnl.stanford.edu/documents/Wu_SEMA_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">questions\u003c/a> about math worries, and were also tested on simple addition problems while having their brains scanned via functional MRI. Based on their answers, scans and scores in each of the tests, the children were divided into two groups: one deemed to have higher levels of math anxiety and one with lower levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, both groups received eight weeks of one-on-one tutoring in basic arithmetic, a few sessions a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both groups did better in math at the end of the tutoring, Menon says. But most importantly, he says, the kids who had been anxious about math were 20 percent less anxious at the end of the eight weeks — a finding their brain scans confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tutoring was highly personalized says Menon — if a child got stuck on a particular concept, the tutor would work with the student to \"get beyond the bottleneck in a non-negative, encouraging way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes to next study whether computerized tutoring can produce similar benefits and brain circuit changes, and whether the reduction in math anxiety persists as the children advance to more complex problem-solving skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=One+Tutor+%2B+One+Student+%3D+Better+Math+Scores%2C+Less+Fear&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Siblings Most Common Cause of Whooping Cough Infection for Infants",
"title": "Siblings Most Common Cause of Whooping Cough Infection for Infants",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over the past decade, whooping cough has proven increasingly difficult to control. Over \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/fast-facts.html\" target=\"_blank\">48,000 Americans\u003c/a> caught the highly contagious bacterial disease in 2012, the most since 1955. And California experienced two epidemics that killed 13 babies in 2010 and 2014, when a total of 20,000 cases were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although researchers found that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine refusal contributed \u003c/a>to the 2010 epidemic, health officials now face an even bigger problem: protection afforded by the whooping cough vaccine doesn’t last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html\" target=\"_blank\">should get five doses\u003c/a> of the DTaP vaccine by age six, starting at two months, health experts say. While the vaccine is very effective in the short-term, protection begins to fade after the fifth dose, so kids need a booster when they turn 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, as evidence of the vaccine’s waning protection mounts, more and more vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/surv-reporting.html\" target=\"_blank\">children and adolescents\u003c/a> are getting whooping cough, also known as pertussis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a study shows, these older children and adolescents have become the most common source of infection for their baby sisters and brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors can identify a source of infection about half the time, the study, published Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org\" target=\"_blank\">Pediatrics\u003c/a>, shows that siblings –- as young as four and a half and as old as nine –- transmitted the disease in over 35 percent of cases with mothers responsible for infecting their babies in about 20 percent of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, mothers were the most common source of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough causes acute spasms of coughing, which are typically followed by high-pitched “\u003ca href=\"https://www.soundsofpertussis.com/\">whoops\u003c/a>” in the struggle to breathe. Infants, especially those too young to be vaccinated, face the greatest risk of severe illness and death from pertussis, as the deadly parasite overwhelms their still developing lungs. About half of infected babies must be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, health officials have recommended that all pregnant women get a Tdap shot, says Tami Skoff, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ez6lEliEAFWNE0XyinS8LGHEoqOaWp9H\"]“By vaccinating during pregnancy,” Skoff explains, “the mother passes protective antibodies to her baby that protect the baby against pertussis during the first few critical months of life, before the infant begins their own pertussis immunization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/whooping-cough-vaccination-pregnant.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Early studies\u003c/a> in the United Kingdom show that vaccinating during pregnancy is a highly effective strategy to protect infants, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the UK program was introduced in 2012, babies whose mothers were vaccinated against pertussis at least a week before birth had a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60686-3/abstract\">91 percent lower risk \u003c/a>of contracting the disease than babies whose mothers did not get a shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the shift in disease transmission from mothers to siblings, should recommendations for a booster be shifted younger than the current age of 11, if mom is expecting a baby?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not a trivial decision, says Art Reingold, a UC Berkeley professor of public health. “Given what we know about the fairly rapid decline in vaccine-induced protection, one would want to at least model the likely effects of shifting the age for a booster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, because protection from the vaccine starts to fade from about 98 percent effectiveness to about 70 percent five years later, changing the timing of the booster could simply shift the burden of disease to other age groups, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most effective strategy is to get all pregnant women vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/discond/pages/pertussis.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">during the third trimester\u003c/a> to protect babies for the first months of life, when pertussis is most likely to cause severe, life-threatening illness, says Reingold. The next most important thing to do, he says, is to make sure young children get all their shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an unknown source of infection for about 50 percent of cases, it’s still important for anyone who spends time with infants to be up to date on their pertussis vaccinations. Not just children, but all adults, too, including grandparents and caregivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This “\u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780027_2\" target=\"_blank\">cocooning\u003c/a>” strategy has been recommended since the Tdap booster was introduced in 2005. But it’s proven difficult to implement, says Reingold, in part because many adults are not inclined to get vaccinated. But even if they were, it might not matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current “acellular” vaccine, which contains fragments of the parasite, was introduced in the late 1990s to replace the whole cell version. The whole cell vaccine afforded longer lasting protection but also caused more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pertussis, the disease is caused by toxins that are released by bacteria. The pertussis vaccine protects you against those toxins, but may not prevent you from spreading the bacteria to others — and causing illness in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this year, California has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis%2520report%25208-3-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">more pertussis cases\u003c/a>, excluding the two recent epidemics, than in any year since the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts would love to develop a new vaccine that is not only safe but also affords protection over the long haul. But the incentives for manufacturers to invest substantial sums in the needed research and trials are extremely limited, says Reingold. “I don’t expect a new vaccine to provide us an alternative solution in the foreseeable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, he says, nothing offers better protection to an unvaccinated baby than being born to a recently-vaccinated mother.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the past decade, whooping cough has proven increasingly difficult to control. Over \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/fast-facts.html\" target=\"_blank\">48,000 Americans\u003c/a> caught the highly contagious bacterial disease in 2012, the most since 1955. And California experienced two epidemics that killed 13 babies in 2010 and 2014, when a total of 20,000 cases were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although researchers found that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine refusal contributed \u003c/a>to the 2010 epidemic, health officials now face an even bigger problem: protection afforded by the whooping cough vaccine doesn’t last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html\" target=\"_blank\">should get five doses\u003c/a> of the DTaP vaccine by age six, starting at two months, health experts say. While the vaccine is very effective in the short-term, protection begins to fade after the fifth dose, so kids need a booster when they turn 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, as evidence of the vaccine’s waning protection mounts, more and more vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/surv-reporting.html\" target=\"_blank\">children and adolescents\u003c/a> are getting whooping cough, also known as pertussis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a study shows, these older children and adolescents have become the most common source of infection for their baby sisters and brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors can identify a source of infection about half the time, the study, published Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org\" target=\"_blank\">Pediatrics\u003c/a>, shows that siblings –- as young as four and a half and as old as nine –- transmitted the disease in over 35 percent of cases with mothers responsible for infecting their babies in about 20 percent of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, mothers were the most common source of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough causes acute spasms of coughing, which are typically followed by high-pitched “\u003ca href=\"https://www.soundsofpertussis.com/\">whoops\u003c/a>” in the struggle to breathe. Infants, especially those too young to be vaccinated, face the greatest risk of severe illness and death from pertussis, as the deadly parasite overwhelms their still developing lungs. About half of infected babies must be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, health officials have recommended that all pregnant women get a Tdap shot, says Tami Skoff, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“By vaccinating during pregnancy,” Skoff explains, “the mother passes protective antibodies to her baby that protect the baby against pertussis during the first few critical months of life, before the infant begins their own pertussis immunization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/whooping-cough-vaccination-pregnant.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Early studies\u003c/a> in the United Kingdom show that vaccinating during pregnancy is a highly effective strategy to protect infants, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the UK program was introduced in 2012, babies whose mothers were vaccinated against pertussis at least a week before birth had a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60686-3/abstract\">91 percent lower risk \u003c/a>of contracting the disease than babies whose mothers did not get a shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the shift in disease transmission from mothers to siblings, should recommendations for a booster be shifted younger than the current age of 11, if mom is expecting a baby?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not a trivial decision, says Art Reingold, a UC Berkeley professor of public health. “Given what we know about the fairly rapid decline in vaccine-induced protection, one would want to at least model the likely effects of shifting the age for a booster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, because protection from the vaccine starts to fade from about 98 percent effectiveness to about 70 percent five years later, changing the timing of the booster could simply shift the burden of disease to other age groups, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most effective strategy is to get all pregnant women vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/discond/pages/pertussis.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">during the third trimester\u003c/a> to protect babies for the first months of life, when pertussis is most likely to cause severe, life-threatening illness, says Reingold. The next most important thing to do, he says, is to make sure young children get all their shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an unknown source of infection for about 50 percent of cases, it’s still important for anyone who spends time with infants to be up to date on their pertussis vaccinations. Not just children, but all adults, too, including grandparents and caregivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This “\u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780027_2\" target=\"_blank\">cocooning\u003c/a>” strategy has been recommended since the Tdap booster was introduced in 2005. But it’s proven difficult to implement, says Reingold, in part because many adults are not inclined to get vaccinated. But even if they were, it might not matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current “acellular” vaccine, which contains fragments of the parasite, was introduced in the late 1990s to replace the whole cell version. The whole cell vaccine afforded longer lasting protection but also caused more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pertussis, the disease is caused by toxins that are released by bacteria. The pertussis vaccine protects you against those toxins, but may not prevent you from spreading the bacteria to others — and causing illness in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this year, California has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis%2520report%25208-3-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">more pertussis cases\u003c/a>, excluding the two recent epidemics, than in any year since the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts would love to develop a new vaccine that is not only safe but also affords protection over the long haul. But the incentives for manufacturers to invest substantial sums in the needed research and trials are extremely limited, says Reingold. “I don’t expect a new vaccine to provide us an alternative solution in the foreseeable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, he says, nothing offers better protection to an unvaccinated baby than being born to a recently-vaccinated mother.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Google is Going All in on Diabetes",
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"content": "\u003cp>Millions of people with diabetes prick their finger more than five times a day to monitor their blood glucose levels. And that's a painful and expensive process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Google's Life Sciences division is putting its immense resources behind new initiatives aimed at helping them better live with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard for people to manage their blood sugar,\" said Jacquelyn Miller, a Google Life Sciences spokeswoman, in an interview with KQED. \"We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week the new Google Life Sciences unit announced that diabetes is the company's first major disease target. It may come as a surprise that Google, a company that helps people search online for flights and restaurants, and dabbles in other ventures like self-driving cars, is investing in new therapies to treat disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Michael Chae, executive director of the Bay Area Chapter at the American Diabetes Association, Google's decision is a no brainer. It's a highly lucrative opportunity -- in 2012, the total cost of managing diabetes was $245 billion in the U.S. alone -- and the timing is just right for technology companies to enter the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been an explosion of wearables, data and analytics,\" he said. \"People with diabetes are more comfortable living in a measured world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chae envisions a future where people with diabetes can measure their blood glucose levels on a continuous basis, using painless methods. One of Google's emerging products is a contact lens embedded with a glitter-sized sensor that can measure glucose levels in tears. \"There's a whole lot of innovation at once,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Didn't Feel Like a Normal Human Being'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methods that Cyrus Khambatta uses to manage his Type 1 diabetes haven't changed much in the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khambatta, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mangomannutrition.com\">a nutritionist\u003c/a> based in San Francisco was diagnosed with the disease at the age of 22. Each day, he pricks his finger between six and 10 times. He uses a lancet to draw a little blood, which he adds to a test strip, and feeds the strip into a glucose meter to check his blood sugar levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before meals and exercise, he injects himself with a syringe filled with insulin. He dials up the amount of insulin based on the data from the glucose meter. The insulin required at any given time is related to many factors, including stress, sleep, exercise and diet, Khambatta explained, and involves a high attention to detail combined with some degree of guesswork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unlike a migraine or acne, diabetes management is all about developing an understanding and manipulation of numbers over time,\" he said. \"Diabetes is very quantitative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Khambatta regulates his insulin levels with a glucose meter, syringe and lancet. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed.jpg 1046w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khambatta regulates his insulin levels with a glucose meter, syringe and lancet. \u003ccite>(Cyrus Khambatta )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khambatta describes his style for managing disease as \"old school\" compared to some of his peers. Many other diabetes sufferers use more modern alternatives for glucose monitoring, such as a patch with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dexcom.com/continuous-glucose-monitoring\">tiny needle-based sensors under the skin\u003c/a>, which connects to a transmitter and an insulin pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Khambatta, these options still require a good deal of effort, as the sensor needs to be changed every two to three days, and they serve as a constant visual reminder of his condition. When he tried them, he said: \"I didn't feel like a normal human being.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the near future, he said he also hopes that companies will develop non-invasive, continuous glucose monitoring, which wouldn't draw blood or cause pain or trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the holy grail,\" said Cameron Sepah, medical director from \u003ca href=\"https://omadahealth.com/\">Omada Health\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based company that focuses on technology for diabetes prevention. Sepah said such a sophisticated blood sugar-tracking system could be paired with a device that delivers insulin, and thus act as an \"artificial pancreas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health companies have been working on this for years,\" he said. \"But Google has a history of taking on very ambitious projects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Google? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google made a name for itself with search technology, but it has dabbled in more ambitious \"moonshot\" projects from self-driving cars to stratospheric Internet balloons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The life sciences' team, which initially worked with Google's secretive research arm Google X, spun out from the Google search engine business in August. Both entities will be held under an umbrella organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/10/google-alphabet-parent-company\">called Alphabet. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's really hard for people to manage their blood sugar. We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Jacquelyn Miller, spokesperson for Google Life Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The life sciences unit is led by molecular biologist Andy Conrad, who has helped the company secure partnerships with top drug makers and medical device companies. Conrad seems to be taking a different tack than the \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/healthcare/electronic-health-records/5-reasons-why-google-health-failed/d/d-id/1098623?\">the ill-fated \"Google Health\u003c/a>\" team, which offered a personal health record product and closed in 2011 because of a lack of traction, by seeking the input and assistance of more established players in the medical sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Life Sciences earlier this week announced a partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanofi.us/l/us/en/index.jsp\">Sanofi\u003c/a>, maker of an insulin inhaler and a slew of other products for people with diabetes. It is also working with \u003ca href=\"http://www.jnj.com/\">Johnson & Johnson \u003c/a>on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/robotics-surgeons-google-jandj\">surgical robots\u003c/a>; Novartis and Dexcom on \u003ca href=\"https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-license-google-smart-lens-technology\">diabetes-related projects\u003c/a>, and Biogen on\u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-27/google-biogen-seek-reasons-for-advance-of-multiple-sclerosis\"> potential treatments for multiple sclerosis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the diabetes opportunity appears to be the primary focus. Data and analytics is Google's area of expertise, and as Miller puts it, diabetes management is fundamentally an \"information problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients with diabetes lack clear information about how variables like nutrition and exercise affect their blood sugar levels, she said. And these kind of insights could help them adjust their insulin levels and avoid serious outcomes, like stroke, heart disease and hypoglycemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't expect any of the products from the Life Sciences team to hit the market next week. Given the technical challenges and the regulatory requirements, experts say, it could take years before any new device reaches patients.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Millions of people with diabetes prick their finger more than five times a day to monitor their blood glucose levels. And that's a painful and expensive process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Google's Life Sciences division is putting its immense resources behind new initiatives aimed at helping them better live with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard for people to manage their blood sugar,\" said Jacquelyn Miller, a Google Life Sciences spokeswoman, in an interview with KQED. \"We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week the new Google Life Sciences unit announced that diabetes is the company's first major disease target. It may come as a surprise that Google, a company that helps people search online for flights and restaurants, and dabbles in other ventures like self-driving cars, is investing in new therapies to treat disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Michael Chae, executive director of the Bay Area Chapter at the American Diabetes Association, Google's decision is a no brainer. It's a highly lucrative opportunity -- in 2012, the total cost of managing diabetes was $245 billion in the U.S. alone -- and the timing is just right for technology companies to enter the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been an explosion of wearables, data and analytics,\" he said. \"People with diabetes are more comfortable living in a measured world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chae envisions a future where people with diabetes can measure their blood glucose levels on a continuous basis, using painless methods. One of Google's emerging products is a contact lens embedded with a glitter-sized sensor that can measure glucose levels in tears. \"There's a whole lot of innovation at once,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Didn't Feel Like a Normal Human Being'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methods that Cyrus Khambatta uses to manage his Type 1 diabetes haven't changed much in the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khambatta, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mangomannutrition.com\">a nutritionist\u003c/a> based in San Francisco was diagnosed with the disease at the age of 22. Each day, he pricks his finger between six and 10 times. He uses a lancet to draw a little blood, which he adds to a test strip, and feeds the strip into a glucose meter to check his blood sugar levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before meals and exercise, he injects himself with a syringe filled with insulin. He dials up the amount of insulin based on the data from the glucose meter. The insulin required at any given time is related to many factors, including stress, sleep, exercise and diet, Khambatta explained, and involves a high attention to detail combined with some degree of guesswork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unlike a migraine or acne, diabetes management is all about developing an understanding and manipulation of numbers over time,\" he said. \"Diabetes is very quantitative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Khambatta regulates his insulin levels with a glucose meter, syringe and lancet. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed.jpg 1046w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khambatta regulates his insulin levels with a glucose meter, syringe and lancet. \u003ccite>(Cyrus Khambatta )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khambatta describes his style for managing disease as \"old school\" compared to some of his peers. Many other diabetes sufferers use more modern alternatives for glucose monitoring, such as a patch with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dexcom.com/continuous-glucose-monitoring\">tiny needle-based sensors under the skin\u003c/a>, which connects to a transmitter and an insulin pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Khambatta, these options still require a good deal of effort, as the sensor needs to be changed every two to three days, and they serve as a constant visual reminder of his condition. When he tried them, he said: \"I didn't feel like a normal human being.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the near future, he said he also hopes that companies will develop non-invasive, continuous glucose monitoring, which wouldn't draw blood or cause pain or trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the holy grail,\" said Cameron Sepah, medical director from \u003ca href=\"https://omadahealth.com/\">Omada Health\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based company that focuses on technology for diabetes prevention. Sepah said such a sophisticated blood sugar-tracking system could be paired with a device that delivers insulin, and thus act as an \"artificial pancreas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health companies have been working on this for years,\" he said. \"But Google has a history of taking on very ambitious projects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Google? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google made a name for itself with search technology, but it has dabbled in more ambitious \"moonshot\" projects from self-driving cars to stratospheric Internet balloons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The life sciences' team, which initially worked with Google's secretive research arm Google X, spun out from the Google search engine business in August. Both entities will be held under an umbrella organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/10/google-alphabet-parent-company\">called Alphabet. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's really hard for people to manage their blood sugar. We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Jacquelyn Miller, spokesperson for Google Life Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The life sciences unit is led by molecular biologist Andy Conrad, who has helped the company secure partnerships with top drug makers and medical device companies. Conrad seems to be taking a different tack than the \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/healthcare/electronic-health-records/5-reasons-why-google-health-failed/d/d-id/1098623?\">the ill-fated \"Google Health\u003c/a>\" team, which offered a personal health record product and closed in 2011 because of a lack of traction, by seeking the input and assistance of more established players in the medical sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Life Sciences earlier this week announced a partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanofi.us/l/us/en/index.jsp\">Sanofi\u003c/a>, maker of an insulin inhaler and a slew of other products for people with diabetes. It is also working with \u003ca href=\"http://www.jnj.com/\">Johnson & Johnson \u003c/a>on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/robotics-surgeons-google-jandj\">surgical robots\u003c/a>; Novartis and Dexcom on \u003ca href=\"https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-license-google-smart-lens-technology\">diabetes-related projects\u003c/a>, and Biogen on\u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-27/google-biogen-seek-reasons-for-advance-of-multiple-sclerosis\"> potential treatments for multiple sclerosis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the diabetes opportunity appears to be the primary focus. Data and analytics is Google's area of expertise, and as Miller puts it, diabetes management is fundamentally an \"information problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients with diabetes lack clear information about how variables like nutrition and exercise affect their blood sugar levels, she said. And these kind of insights could help them adjust their insulin levels and avoid serious outcomes, like stroke, heart disease and hypoglycemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't expect any of the products from the Life Sciences team to hit the market next week. Given the technical challenges and the regulatory requirements, experts say, it could take years before any new device reaches patients.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "For California, Last Year's West Nile Season Was Worst Ever",
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"content": "\u003cp>West Nile virus hit California harder than ever last year, with a record 561 cases of neuroinvasive disease -- the most serious types of the illness -- reported from the mosquito-borne virus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_e\" target=\"_blank\">federal health data\u003c/a> released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of these serious \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/3-west-nile-virus-cases-reported-to-cdc-by-state_1999-2014_06082015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California cases\u003c/a> was 83 percent higher than the previous record number reported in the state in 2005, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those cases — 70 percent — were reported from Los Angeles and Orange counties, which recorded 15 West Nile deaths last year. Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/wnv-disease-cases-and-pvds-by-state-2014_06052015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">31 people died\u003c/a> of West Nile disease in the state in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Py7dpEJu9iLPmYbglCz7y5U5zVy0PH9U\"]The West Nile virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes can become infected when they feed on birds carrying the virus. Most people infected will have no symptoms, but about one in five will develop a fever with other symptoms. Even fewer people will develop the serious neuroinvasive disease tracked by the CDC, including West Nile-caused meningitis and encephalitis, but most of them will require hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts say there’s no single explanation for why some West Nile virus seasons are more severe than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s drought, last year’s particularly warm summer temperatures, and changes in bird and mosquito populations all played a role in making the 2014 West Nile virus season one of the state’s worst, said Dr. Rachel Civen, medical epidemiologist in charge of vector-borne diseases for the Los Angeles County Public Health Department. The drought reduces water available for birds and mosquitoes, which then crowd together among remaining water sources, spreading the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civen noted that while the new CDC data focus on neuroinvasive cases, local public health agencies, including hers, report all West Nile virus infections, including people without symptoms whose infection is detected when they donate blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that respect, “we’re actually seeing a lot fewer cases” this year, Civen said. This week, Los Angeles County will report 10 infections, six of which were detected in asymptomatic blood donors. Last year in the same week, 49 infections were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">83 human cases\u003c/a> of West Nile virus have been reported this year, according to the California Department of Public Health. Two people, from San Bernardino and Nevada counties, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/preliminarymapsdata/histatedate.html\" target=\"_blank\">have died\u003c/a> from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7ZNnOH0LWnNIg6kjnLrZYtYgegGmsUKP\"]In Orange County, which had California’s highest number of infections in 2014, environmental health officials next week will start a large-scale aerial spraying campaign to control mosquitos. This will be the first aerial spraying campaign for the county, which in the past instead has “fogged” smaller areas with insecticide. The spraying campaign on Sept. 9 and 10 will cover the cities of Orange, Tustin and Villa Park, and parts of Anaheim, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove, Santa Ana and Stanton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, five people in Orange County had been infected with West Nile virus, according to the county’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus emerged in the United States in 1999 and was first reported in California in 2002. By 2004, the virus was reported in all of the state’s 58 counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>West Nile virus hit California harder than ever last year, with a record 561 cases of neuroinvasive disease -- the most serious types of the illness -- reported from the mosquito-borne virus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_e\" target=\"_blank\">federal health data\u003c/a> released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of these serious \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/3-west-nile-virus-cases-reported-to-cdc-by-state_1999-2014_06082015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California cases\u003c/a> was 83 percent higher than the previous record number reported in the state in 2005, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those cases — 70 percent — were reported from Los Angeles and Orange counties, which recorded 15 West Nile deaths last year. Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/wnv-disease-cases-and-pvds-by-state-2014_06052015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">31 people died\u003c/a> of West Nile disease in the state in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The West Nile virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes can become infected when they feed on birds carrying the virus. Most people infected will have no symptoms, but about one in five will develop a fever with other symptoms. Even fewer people will develop the serious neuroinvasive disease tracked by the CDC, including West Nile-caused meningitis and encephalitis, but most of them will require hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts say there’s no single explanation for why some West Nile virus seasons are more severe than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s drought, last year’s particularly warm summer temperatures, and changes in bird and mosquito populations all played a role in making the 2014 West Nile virus season one of the state’s worst, said Dr. Rachel Civen, medical epidemiologist in charge of vector-borne diseases for the Los Angeles County Public Health Department. The drought reduces water available for birds and mosquitoes, which then crowd together among remaining water sources, spreading the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civen noted that while the new CDC data focus on neuroinvasive cases, local public health agencies, including hers, report all West Nile virus infections, including people without symptoms whose infection is detected when they donate blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that respect, “we’re actually seeing a lot fewer cases” this year, Civen said. This week, Los Angeles County will report 10 infections, six of which were detected in asymptomatic blood donors. Last year in the same week, 49 infections were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">83 human cases\u003c/a> of West Nile virus have been reported this year, according to the California Department of Public Health. Two people, from San Bernardino and Nevada counties, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/preliminarymapsdata/histatedate.html\" target=\"_blank\">have died\u003c/a> from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In Orange County, which had California’s highest number of infections in 2014, environmental health officials next week will start a large-scale aerial spraying campaign to control mosquitos. This will be the first aerial spraying campaign for the county, which in the past instead has “fogged” smaller areas with insecticide. The spraying campaign on Sept. 9 and 10 will cover the cities of Orange, Tustin and Villa Park, and parts of Anaheim, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove, Santa Ana and Stanton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, five people in Orange County had been infected with West Nile virus, according to the county’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus emerged in the United States in 1999 and was first reported in California in 2002. By 2004, the virus was reported in all of the state’s 58 counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Likely Is It, Really, That Your Athletic Kid Will Turn Pro?",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the way to his son's baseball game on Long Island, sportswriter J.R. Gamble tells me that his son, J.C., is quite a ballplayer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have a lot of clips and highlights that I show people of him doing amazing things — jumping over catches, hitting balls right-handed, hitting balls left-handed,\" Gamble says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason his son is so good at baseball, Gamble explains, is that he started at an early age — a \u003cem>very \u003c/em>early age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When he was about 14 months, I put a golf ball in his hand to let him know how a baseball would feel when he got older,\" Gamble says. By age 2, J.C., was hitting and throwing the ball. By age 3, he was playing organized T-ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Gamble says, he has spent quite a bit of money on baseball for J.C. — bats and gloves, league fees, hotels, gas and more — and it seems a good investment. Several people have told Gamble that his son looks like he's good enough to play professionally one day. School will remain J.C.'s top priority, Gamble says. But he has high hopes for his son's baseball career, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd love it if he went pro,\" Gamble says. \"I'd quit whatever I'm doing and just go be at every game.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stop to pick up J.C., and I'm expecting a teenage Derek Jeter — someone tall and muscular. So I'm rather taken aback when Gamble introduces me to his son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.C. is just 9 years old, and about 4 feet 6 inches tall. He's wearing a crisp white baseball uniform and a blue cap with a \"D\" for his team, the Brooklyn Dukes. His dad calls him by the nickname \"Little Legend.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My dad gave [the nickname] to me when I was 3 years old,\" J.C. says. \"I had just started playing baseball. And when I got my first hit, he just started calling me 'Little Legend.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His dad laughs, and adds, \"I had to make sure that he was the goods first. I didn't just name him before I saw that he was pretty good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.C. now has his baseball future all mapped out. \"I'm going to go to Stanford and get a scholarship, and then I'm going to go to the Yankees in the MLB draft,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those big dreams aren't all that unusual. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/15/413379700/a-look-at-sports-and-health-in-america\" target=\"_blank\">recent poll\u003c/a> from NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 26 percent of U.S. parents whose children in high school play sports hope their child will become a professional athlete one day. Among families with household incomes of less than $50,000 annually, the number is 39 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/probability-competing-beyond-high-school\">,\u003c/a> only a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/probability-competing-beyond-high-school\" target=\"_blank\">tiny percentage\u003c/a> of high school athletes actually go on to play professionally — roughly 1 in 168 high school baseball players will get drafted by a Major League Baseball team, and just 1 in 2,451 men's high school basketball players will get drafted by a National Basketball Association team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's extremely difficult to make the pros; we all know that,\" says Tom Farrey, director of the Sports and Society Program at the Aspen Institute and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Game-On-All-American-Champions-Children/dp/1933060468\" target=\"_blank\">author\u003c/a> of \"Game On: The All-American Race to Make Champions of Our Children.\" Yet, in recent years, he has started to see a shift among the parents of kids playing youth sports. \"The difference is that a lot of parents today see those odds and say, well, I'd better get started early with my kid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrey says more and more parents are putting their children on travel teams, hiring private coaches, and having their kids play a single sport year-round. They \"basically feed these kids sports with a fire hose from a very early age,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrey says some parents are simply following their child's passions and aptitudes. But some push their kids into competitive sports early because they believe that's how their child will get an athletic scholarship or become a professional athlete. Now, there \u003cem>are\u003c/em> some famous examples of the latter strategy paying off, he says — Andre Agassi, Serena Williams and Tiger Woods were all groomed for success basically from the time they could walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But for the vast majority of [professional] athletes, that's not their path,\" Farrey says. \"They played multiple sports when they were young. It was not about chasing the college scholarship or becoming a pro; they were just enjoying the games and falling in love with sports.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that love of sports, Farrey says, that drives kids to keep playing and to become successful — not just their parents' dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who are too enthusiastic sometimes create problems, says Dr. David Conant-Norville, a child psychiatrist with the International Society for Sports Psychiatry. About 20 years ago, doctors noticed a worrying trend: more and more parents obsessing over their kids' athletic careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would spend all the family's money,\" says Conant-Norville. \"They would spend all the family's time. They would ignore all the other children. They would ignore school — just to push children to be successful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors developed a name for this extreme behavior: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16169447\">achievement by proxy distortion\u003c/a>. The idea is that, if the kids are successful, the parents feel successful. The parents may have good intentions, says Conant-Norville, but the behavior can be extremely harmful to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really leads to a lot of anxiety, a lot of depression, a lot of family discord and traumatic childhood experience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person who has seen this firsthand is \u003ca href=\"http://ussoccerplayers.com/player/jones-cobi\">Cobi Jones\u003c/a>, a sports broadcaster and former professional soccer player who competed in the Olympics and three World Cups, and was elected in 2011 to the National Soccer Hall of Fame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in California, Jones had a close friend whose father pushed him very hard and made his friend's life miserable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't tell you how many times we would just be sitting and talking, and he would not have any nice things to say about his father,\" Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is now an \u003ca href=\"http://togetherwearesoccer.org/our-game-our-stories/our-game-our-stories-jones\">ambassador\u003c/a> for the U.S. Soccer Foundation, and has made it something of a mission to help parents put professional sports in perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wanting your child to be a college athlete or even play sports professionally is \"a great goal to have,\" Jones says. \"But I think it needs to be tempered with the sense of understanding that, most likely, your kid is not going to be a professional player.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is taking his own advice. He's the father of two young boys and says he's careful not to pressure them into trying to follow in his footsteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you came into my house, you'd see that I don't have soccer stuff in my house at all,\" Jones says. \"I don't want this to be something where they have to look at, 'Oh, Dad did this,' 'Dad did that.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it doesn't matter to Jones whether his kids become great soccer players or professionals, he says. He just wants them to love sports — and to benefit from being part of a team.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our summer series \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/413970894/sports-and-health-in-america\">Sports and Health in America\u003c/a>\u003cem> has been based on the results of our \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://media.npr.org/documents/2015/june/sportsandhealthpoll.pdf\">poll\u003c/a> \u003cem>with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/\">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation\u003c/a>\u003cem> and the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/\">Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Likely+Is+It%2C+Really%2C+That+Your+Athletic+Kid+Will+Turn+Pro%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the way to his son's baseball game on Long Island, sportswriter J.R. Gamble tells me that his son, J.C., is quite a ballplayer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have a lot of clips and highlights that I show people of him doing amazing things — jumping over catches, hitting balls right-handed, hitting balls left-handed,\" Gamble says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason his son is so good at baseball, Gamble explains, is that he started at an early age — a \u003cem>very \u003c/em>early age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When he was about 14 months, I put a golf ball in his hand to let him know how a baseball would feel when he got older,\" Gamble says. By age 2, J.C., was hitting and throwing the ball. By age 3, he was playing organized T-ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Gamble says, he has spent quite a bit of money on baseball for J.C. — bats and gloves, league fees, hotels, gas and more — and it seems a good investment. Several people have told Gamble that his son looks like he's good enough to play professionally one day. School will remain J.C.'s top priority, Gamble says. But he has high hopes for his son's baseball career, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd love it if he went pro,\" Gamble says. \"I'd quit whatever I'm doing and just go be at every game.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stop to pick up J.C., and I'm expecting a teenage Derek Jeter — someone tall and muscular. So I'm rather taken aback when Gamble introduces me to his son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.C. is just 9 years old, and about 4 feet 6 inches tall. He's wearing a crisp white baseball uniform and a blue cap with a \"D\" for his team, the Brooklyn Dukes. His dad calls him by the nickname \"Little Legend.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My dad gave [the nickname] to me when I was 3 years old,\" J.C. says. \"I had just started playing baseball. And when I got my first hit, he just started calling me 'Little Legend.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His dad laughs, and adds, \"I had to make sure that he was the goods first. I didn't just name him before I saw that he was pretty good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.C. now has his baseball future all mapped out. \"I'm going to go to Stanford and get a scholarship, and then I'm going to go to the Yankees in the MLB draft,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those big dreams aren't all that unusual. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/15/413379700/a-look-at-sports-and-health-in-america\" target=\"_blank\">recent poll\u003c/a> from NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 26 percent of U.S. parents whose children in high school play sports hope their child will become a professional athlete one day. Among families with household incomes of less than $50,000 annually, the number is 39 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/probability-competing-beyond-high-school\">,\u003c/a> only a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/probability-competing-beyond-high-school\" target=\"_blank\">tiny percentage\u003c/a> of high school athletes actually go on to play professionally — roughly 1 in 168 high school baseball players will get drafted by a Major League Baseball team, and just 1 in 2,451 men's high school basketball players will get drafted by a National Basketball Association team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's extremely difficult to make the pros; we all know that,\" says Tom Farrey, director of the Sports and Society Program at the Aspen Institute and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Game-On-All-American-Champions-Children/dp/1933060468\" target=\"_blank\">author\u003c/a> of \"Game On: The All-American Race to Make Champions of Our Children.\" Yet, in recent years, he has started to see a shift among the parents of kids playing youth sports. \"The difference is that a lot of parents today see those odds and say, well, I'd better get started early with my kid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrey says more and more parents are putting their children on travel teams, hiring private coaches, and having their kids play a single sport year-round. They \"basically feed these kids sports with a fire hose from a very early age,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrey says some parents are simply following their child's passions and aptitudes. But some push their kids into competitive sports early because they believe that's how their child will get an athletic scholarship or become a professional athlete. Now, there \u003cem>are\u003c/em> some famous examples of the latter strategy paying off, he says — Andre Agassi, Serena Williams and Tiger Woods were all groomed for success basically from the time they could walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But for the vast majority of [professional] athletes, that's not their path,\" Farrey says. \"They played multiple sports when they were young. It was not about chasing the college scholarship or becoming a pro; they were just enjoying the games and falling in love with sports.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that love of sports, Farrey says, that drives kids to keep playing and to become successful — not just their parents' dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who are too enthusiastic sometimes create problems, says Dr. David Conant-Norville, a child psychiatrist with the International Society for Sports Psychiatry. About 20 years ago, doctors noticed a worrying trend: more and more parents obsessing over their kids' athletic careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would spend all the family's money,\" says Conant-Norville. \"They would spend all the family's time. They would ignore all the other children. They would ignore school — just to push children to be successful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors developed a name for this extreme behavior: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16169447\">achievement by proxy distortion\u003c/a>. The idea is that, if the kids are successful, the parents feel successful. The parents may have good intentions, says Conant-Norville, but the behavior can be extremely harmful to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really leads to a lot of anxiety, a lot of depression, a lot of family discord and traumatic childhood experience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person who has seen this firsthand is \u003ca href=\"http://ussoccerplayers.com/player/jones-cobi\">Cobi Jones\u003c/a>, a sports broadcaster and former professional soccer player who competed in the Olympics and three World Cups, and was elected in 2011 to the National Soccer Hall of Fame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in California, Jones had a close friend whose father pushed him very hard and made his friend's life miserable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't tell you how many times we would just be sitting and talking, and he would not have any nice things to say about his father,\" Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is now an \u003ca href=\"http://togetherwearesoccer.org/our-game-our-stories/our-game-our-stories-jones\">ambassador\u003c/a> for the U.S. Soccer Foundation, and has made it something of a mission to help parents put professional sports in perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wanting your child to be a college athlete or even play sports professionally is \"a great goal to have,\" Jones says. \"But I think it needs to be tempered with the sense of understanding that, most likely, your kid is not going to be a professional player.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is taking his own advice. He's the father of two young boys and says he's careful not to pressure them into trying to follow in his footsteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you came into my house, you'd see that I don't have soccer stuff in my house at all,\" Jones says. \"I don't want this to be something where they have to look at, 'Oh, Dad did this,' 'Dad did that.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it doesn't matter to Jones whether his kids become great soccer players or professionals, he says. He just wants them to love sports — and to benefit from being part of a team.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our summer series \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/413970894/sports-and-health-in-america\">Sports and Health in America\u003c/a>\u003cem> has been based on the results of our \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://media.npr.org/documents/2015/june/sportsandhealthpoll.pdf\">poll\u003c/a> \u003cem>with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/\">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation\u003c/a>\u003cem> and the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/\">Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Likely+Is+It%2C+Really%2C+That+Your+Athletic+Kid+Will+Turn+Pro%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Love in the Digital Age: Liam & Porn",
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"content": "\u003cp>This is not a story about whether porn is good or bad. This is not a story about whether porn addiction \u003cem>should\u003c/em> be a clinical diagnosis. This is a story about Liam (and we’re not using his real name because of the sensitive nature of the topic).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Liam, porn became a compulsive, damaging habit around the time that high-speed Internet came around -- which is to say, his entire adult life, starting when he was 20. He’s 38 now, and it’s been a little over a year since he decided to quit. We asked him to go back in time for us and describe what his habit was like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout alignright\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2015/09/14/LITDApodcastlogo.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/love-in-the-digital-age/id1037051180?mt=2\">Subscribe in iTunes\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Don't miss an episode of 'Love in the Digital Age'\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bubble\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like a bubble,\" he recalls. \"It's like an exciting, adrenaline-filled state of mind where you're not thinking about, 'OK, I have these bills due,' or 'I have to go meet my boss tomorrow and I'm nervous,' or 'She wants to talk about the relationship and I don't want to!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At times, Liam would stay in the bubble for five, 10 hours at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The variety of porn today is mind-boggling and unprecedented. Liam spent his hours scanning hundreds of images linking to videos, scrolling until he found just the right one for that moment. \"OK, there’s the girl I want to look at.\" Then he'd scroll some more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps he'd meet or pass a woman during the day that sparked his curiosity. “OK, I want to see what it would look like if that person was having sex.\" He'd go home and search for a video featuring somebody who looked like that woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"omWBriHHbVruyoAMyZ6MkR4EfKWEQkXW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liam's level of engagement with porn may have been more compulsive than average but it's hard to know, because many men are uncomfortable going public with their porn use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's an extra-special element of shame to this problem,\" says Liam, adding that people will \"deny it up and down the street, like I used to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pornography inspires powerful emotional responses, from those who see it as immoral, to those who feel it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/women-who-stray/201307/your-brain-porn-its-not-addictive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">demonized \u003c/a>by parents and the media, to those who would simply \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/06/was-i-actually-addicted-to-internet-pornography/276619/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">love a scientific explanation\u003c/a> for what they're experiencing. Sex, after all, is universal in a way few things are, other than food and sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this TED Talk, one of Liam's favorite public discussions about porn, retired science teacher Gary Wilson notes many researchers say they can't find a control group of men who have not been exposed to some pornography at some point in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSF82AwSDiU]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liam, who works in construction and lives in Los Angeles, is no awkward loner using porn as a stand-in for human contact. He's the son of a therapist, raised in a \"liberal\" home in Santa Cruz. He's articulate and charming, and a veteran of several relationships, one of which almost led to marriage. But from early on, those girlfriends were competing with porn for primacy in Liam's mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Excitement and shame mixed together makes [porn] this erotic thing, whereas just being with someone’s kinda boring,\" Liam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not to say Liam wasn't bothered by what he called his emotional numbness. \"It’s almost like when I’m looking at pornography, I’m burning off the little receptors that are my feelings and enable me to care for somebody. You know, they get fried.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Of course, I had these fantasies of ... oh, I want to do X, Y and Z once I saw that in a pornographic movie. But once I would find someone who was willing to do whatever I wanted, I’d be bored, like, right away.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Over the years, friends suggested to Liam he consider getting help, but he brushed them off. Ironically, he was open -- even proud -- of his involvement with \u003ca href=\"http://www.aa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alcoholics Anonymous\u003c/a>. He's been in AA for 16 years now, thriving on the structured approach to recovery and the supportive community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, about a year and a half ago, Liam paid for sex. \"The first time I did, I thought 'This is a great solution.' You know what I mean? 'Cause I can pay someone to be nice to me, and have sex with me, and it worked great.\" But subsequent dates were less enjoyable. \"I can’t describe other than, like, wow: This is the loneliest I’ve ever felt.\" By the fourth time, he says, \"I couldn't even have sex.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, Liam went to a men’s-only AA meeting and dropped an anonymous note into a basket asking if anybody else had trouble with porn and prostitution. Despite a lot of laughter and hooting when the question was read aloud, one man rose and invited whomever had written the note to reach out after the meeting. That man became Liam's sponsor in \u003ca href=\"https://saa-recovery.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sex Addicts Anonymous\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">Hear from one of the foremost thinkers on the subject of porn addiction: \u003cstrong>Alexandra Katehakis\u003c/strong>, founder and clinical director of the Center for Healthy Sex in Los Angeles:\u003cbr>\n[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/221349566\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Every night now, Liam reports by phone. Has he exercised that day? Has he done something fun like go to a movie? Or something shameful? Is he resentful about anything? What is he grateful for? One thing is for sure: Liam is grateful for his SAA sponsor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have one person who’s willing to spend a lot of time talking to me on the phone,\" he says. \"I’ve been doing that for over a year and he never, ever makes it seem like it’s a burden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, there have been a number of movies made about online porn addiction. For Liam, the best Hollywood treatment of the subject that doesn't glamorize it (like \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.sho.com/sho/californication/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Californication\u003c/a>\") is \"\u003ca href=\"http://thanksforsharingmovie.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thanks for Sharing\u003c/a>,\" starring Mark Ruffalo and Gwyneth Paltrow. “I’ve never seen anything that more accurately described how it is to be a sex addict,” Liam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movie drops into the life of the main character, Adam, when he is in recovery and considers whether he's ready to be in a relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR_OkBBzdew&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me,\" says Liam, \"the only problem is when he goes dark. He swings out of it really fast in the movie. Guys that I see do that in real life, it takes them a long time to recover from those relapses. And they lose their job. And she’s gone forever. All these really terrible consequences. Whereas [in the movie], he just, like, brushes his shoulder off. 'I’m back!'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liam says he doesn't have stories as terrible as the ones he's heard in SAA meetings. He also doesn't have a core reason or experience he can point to that might explain why pornography became a compulsive habit for him. He's happy to be dating now without the background presence and pressure that pornography put on his dating life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a lot more pleasant, and friendly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This podcast features music by Van-G (\"Enter Sandman\" remix) and Dave Porter (\"Negra Arroyo Lane\" from \"Breaking Bad\").\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This is not a story about whether porn is good or bad. This is not a story about whether porn addiction \u003cem>should\u003c/em> be a clinical diagnosis. This is a story about Liam (and we’re not using his real name because of the sensitive nature of the topic).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Liam, porn became a compulsive, damaging habit around the time that high-speed Internet came around -- which is to say, his entire adult life, starting when he was 20. He’s 38 now, and it’s been a little over a year since he decided to quit. We asked him to go back in time for us and describe what his habit was like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout alignright\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2015/09/14/LITDApodcastlogo.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/love-in-the-digital-age/id1037051180?mt=2\">Subscribe in iTunes\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Don't miss an episode of 'Love in the Digital Age'\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bubble\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like a bubble,\" he recalls. \"It's like an exciting, adrenaline-filled state of mind where you're not thinking about, 'OK, I have these bills due,' or 'I have to go meet my boss tomorrow and I'm nervous,' or 'She wants to talk about the relationship and I don't want to!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At times, Liam would stay in the bubble for five, 10 hours at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The variety of porn today is mind-boggling and unprecedented. Liam spent his hours scanning hundreds of images linking to videos, scrolling until he found just the right one for that moment. \"OK, there’s the girl I want to look at.\" Then he'd scroll some more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps he'd meet or pass a woman during the day that sparked his curiosity. “OK, I want to see what it would look like if that person was having sex.\" He'd go home and search for a video featuring somebody who looked like that woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liam's level of engagement with porn may have been more compulsive than average but it's hard to know, because many men are uncomfortable going public with their porn use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's an extra-special element of shame to this problem,\" says Liam, adding that people will \"deny it up and down the street, like I used to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pornography inspires powerful emotional responses, from those who see it as immoral, to those who feel it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/women-who-stray/201307/your-brain-porn-its-not-addictive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">demonized \u003c/a>by parents and the media, to those who would simply \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/06/was-i-actually-addicted-to-internet-pornography/276619/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">love a scientific explanation\u003c/a> for what they're experiencing. Sex, after all, is universal in a way few things are, other than food and sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this TED Talk, one of Liam's favorite public discussions about porn, retired science teacher Gary Wilson notes many researchers say they can't find a control group of men who have not been exposed to some pornography at some point in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/wSF82AwSDiU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/wSF82AwSDiU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liam, who works in construction and lives in Los Angeles, is no awkward loner using porn as a stand-in for human contact. He's the son of a therapist, raised in a \"liberal\" home in Santa Cruz. He's articulate and charming, and a veteran of several relationships, one of which almost led to marriage. But from early on, those girlfriends were competing with porn for primacy in Liam's mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Excitement and shame mixed together makes [porn] this erotic thing, whereas just being with someone’s kinda boring,\" Liam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not to say Liam wasn't bothered by what he called his emotional numbness. \"It’s almost like when I’m looking at pornography, I’m burning off the little receptors that are my feelings and enable me to care for somebody. You know, they get fried.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Of course, I had these fantasies of ... oh, I want to do X, Y and Z once I saw that in a pornographic movie. But once I would find someone who was willing to do whatever I wanted, I’d be bored, like, right away.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Over the years, friends suggested to Liam he consider getting help, but he brushed them off. Ironically, he was open -- even proud -- of his involvement with \u003ca href=\"http://www.aa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alcoholics Anonymous\u003c/a>. He's been in AA for 16 years now, thriving on the structured approach to recovery and the supportive community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, about a year and a half ago, Liam paid for sex. \"The first time I did, I thought 'This is a great solution.' You know what I mean? 'Cause I can pay someone to be nice to me, and have sex with me, and it worked great.\" But subsequent dates were less enjoyable. \"I can’t describe other than, like, wow: This is the loneliest I’ve ever felt.\" By the fourth time, he says, \"I couldn't even have sex.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, Liam went to a men’s-only AA meeting and dropped an anonymous note into a basket asking if anybody else had trouble with porn and prostitution. Despite a lot of laughter and hooting when the question was read aloud, one man rose and invited whomever had written the note to reach out after the meeting. That man became Liam's sponsor in \u003ca href=\"https://saa-recovery.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sex Addicts Anonymous\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">Hear from one of the foremost thinkers on the subject of porn addiction: \u003cstrong>Alexandra Katehakis\u003c/strong>, founder and clinical director of the Center for Healthy Sex in Los Angeles:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/221349566&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/221349566'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Every night now, Liam reports by phone. Has he exercised that day? Has he done something fun like go to a movie? Or something shameful? Is he resentful about anything? What is he grateful for? One thing is for sure: Liam is grateful for his SAA sponsor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have one person who’s willing to spend a lot of time talking to me on the phone,\" he says. \"I’ve been doing that for over a year and he never, ever makes it seem like it’s a burden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, there have been a number of movies made about online porn addiction. For Liam, the best Hollywood treatment of the subject that doesn't glamorize it (like \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.sho.com/sho/californication/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Californication\u003c/a>\") is \"\u003ca href=\"http://thanksforsharingmovie.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thanks for Sharing\u003c/a>,\" starring Mark Ruffalo and Gwyneth Paltrow. “I’ve never seen anything that more accurately described how it is to be a sex addict,” Liam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movie drops into the life of the main character, Adam, when he is in recovery and considers whether he's ready to be in a relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CR_OkBBzdew'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CR_OkBBzdew'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me,\" says Liam, \"the only problem is when he goes dark. He swings out of it really fast in the movie. Guys that I see do that in real life, it takes them a long time to recover from those relapses. And they lose their job. And she’s gone forever. All these really terrible consequences. Whereas [in the movie], he just, like, brushes his shoulder off. 'I’m back!'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liam says he doesn't have stories as terrible as the ones he's heard in SAA meetings. He also doesn't have a core reason or experience he can point to that might explain why pornography became a compulsive habit for him. He's happy to be dating now without the background presence and pressure that pornography put on his dating life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a lot more pleasant, and friendly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This podcast features music by Van-G (\"Enter Sandman\" remix) and Dave Porter (\"Negra Arroyo Lane\" from \"Breaking Bad\").\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More adults across the country are strapping on helmets and hopping on bikes to get to work. That's good news for people's hearts and waistlines, but it also means more visits to the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2432153\" target=\"_blank\">Hospital admissions because of bike injuries more than doubled\u003c/a> between 1998 and 2013, doctors reported Tuesday in \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em>, the journal of the American Medical Association. And the rise was the biggest with bikers ages 45 and over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are just more people riding and getting injured in that age group. It's definitely striking,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://urology.ucsf.edu/people/benjamin-n-breyer\">Dr. Benjamin Breyer\u003c/a>, who led the study at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6431a1.htm\" target=\"_blank\">published\u003c/a> last month in the \u003cem>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report\u003c/em>, found a similar trend with bicycle deaths: While the death rate among child cyclists has plummeted in the past four decades, the mortality rate among cyclists ages 35 to 54 has tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer isn't sure what's driving the surge in accidents among Generation Xers and baby boomers, but one reason could be what's known as the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/how-lance-armstrong-transformed-north-american-culture-1.1234593\" target=\"_blank\">Lance Armstrong effect\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After Lance Armstrong had all of his success at the Tour de France, a lot more people were riding, and there were a lot more older riders that took up the bicycle for sport,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent National Household Travel Survey showed that the vast majority of the increase in bicycling between 1995 and 2009 came from Americans older than 25, \u003ca href=\"http://www.peopleforbikes.org/blog/entry/bike-use-is-rising-among-the-young-but-it-is-skyrocketing-among-the-old\" target=\"_blank\">with the biggest increases coming in the oldest groups\u003c/a>. That has meant more men in their 50s and 60s on road bikes, riding at high speeds, Breyer says — a recipe for serious injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you consider a 65-year-old who falls off their bike exactly the same way a 25-year-old does, the 65-year-old is going to sustain more injuries even if they're in great shape,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what can be done to keep riders in this age group safe?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basic safety precautions are absolutely essential, Breyer says: Wear a helmet and reflective gear, have lights for night riding, and drive defensively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even that might not be enough, says \u003ca href=\"http://ghi.wisc.edu/person/vargo-jason/\">Jason Vargo\u003c/a>, who studies urban planning at the University of Wisconsin, Madison and led the recent study on bicycle deaths. He says society also needs to change the definition of what a road is to implicitly include bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities — including San Francisco as well as Portland, Ore. and Madison, Wis. — are starting to do a better job at this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're slowing down speeds on biking routes, adding protective places for cyclists and using different-colored paint,\" Vargo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the end of the day, reducing cycling accidents may boil down to something simpler: Making sure that bikers know the rules of the road — and that drivers know how to deal with bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+More+Adults+Pedal%2C+Their+Biking+Injuries+And+Deaths+Spike%2C+Too&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">Bicyclin\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More adults across the country are strapping on helmets and hopping on bikes to get to work. That's good news for people's hearts and waistlines, but it also means more visits to the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2432153\" target=\"_blank\">Hospital admissions because of bike injuries more than doubled\u003c/a> between 1998 and 2013, doctors reported Tuesday in \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em>, the journal of the American Medical Association. And the rise was the biggest with bikers ages 45 and over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are just more people riding and getting injured in that age group. It's definitely striking,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://urology.ucsf.edu/people/benjamin-n-breyer\">Dr. Benjamin Breyer\u003c/a>, who led the study at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6431a1.htm\" target=\"_blank\">published\u003c/a> last month in the \u003cem>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report\u003c/em>, found a similar trend with bicycle deaths: While the death rate among child cyclists has plummeted in the past four decades, the mortality rate among cyclists ages 35 to 54 has tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer isn't sure what's driving the surge in accidents among Generation Xers and baby boomers, but one reason could be what's known as the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/how-lance-armstrong-transformed-north-american-culture-1.1234593\" target=\"_blank\">Lance Armstrong effect\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After Lance Armstrong had all of his success at the Tour de France, a lot more people were riding, and there were a lot more older riders that took up the bicycle for sport,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent National Household Travel Survey showed that the vast majority of the increase in bicycling between 1995 and 2009 came from Americans older than 25, \u003ca href=\"http://www.peopleforbikes.org/blog/entry/bike-use-is-rising-among-the-young-but-it-is-skyrocketing-among-the-old\" target=\"_blank\">with the biggest increases coming in the oldest groups\u003c/a>. That has meant more men in their 50s and 60s on road bikes, riding at high speeds, Breyer says — a recipe for serious injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you consider a 65-year-old who falls off their bike exactly the same way a 25-year-old does, the 65-year-old is going to sustain more injuries even if they're in great shape,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what can be done to keep riders in this age group safe?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basic safety precautions are absolutely essential, Breyer says: Wear a helmet and reflective gear, have lights for night riding, and drive defensively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even that might not be enough, says \u003ca href=\"http://ghi.wisc.edu/person/vargo-jason/\">Jason Vargo\u003c/a>, who studies urban planning at the University of Wisconsin, Madison and led the recent study on bicycle deaths. He says society also needs to change the definition of what a road is to implicitly include bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities — including San Francisco as well as Portland, Ore. and Madison, Wis. — are starting to do a better job at this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're slowing down speeds on biking routes, adding protective places for cyclists and using different-colored paint,\" Vargo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the end of the day, reducing cycling accidents may boil down to something simpler: Making sure that bikers know the rules of the road — and that drivers know how to deal with bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+More+Adults+Pedal%2C+Their+Biking+Injuries+And+Deaths+Spike%2C+Too&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">Bicyclin\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has issued warning letters to five distributors of pure powdered caffeine, saying the products put consumers at risk. One of the five distributors is in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One teaspoon of pure powdered caffeine is equivalent to about 28 cups of coffee.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\">The letters\u003c/a>, which are dated Aug. 27, follow the overdose deaths last year of two young men from Ohio and Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caffeine powder is usually marketed as a dietary supplement and is unregulated, unlike caffeine added to soda. Since the FDA doesn't have the legal authority to pull such a substance off the shelves, the agency has been building a case against those who are marketing it in bulk in an attempt to persuade them to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, the FDA warned consumers to avoid pure powdered caffeine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency said \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/UCM460097\" target=\"_blank\">in a statement\u003c/a> Tuesday that it sent the warning letters to the distributors \"because these products are dangerous and present a significant or unreasonable risk of illness or injury to consumers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A teaspoon of pure powdered caffeine is roughly equivalent to 28 cups of coffee, according to the FDA. The difference between a safe and toxic amount is very small. And a safe serving can be nearly impossible to measure with common kitchen tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Volume measures, such as teaspoons, are not precise enough to calculate how many milligrams of caffeine are in the serving size,\" the FDA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The packages of pure caffeine referenced in the warning letters contain hundreds or thousands of servings of the stimulant. Such packaged quantities are potentially lethal to consumers, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some teenagers and young adults have been particularly drawn to the powder for an energy boost. Users add it to drinks for a pick-me-up before workouts or to control weight gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighteen-year-old Logan Stiner, of LaGrange, Ohio, died in May 2014 after consuming it. It was also linked to the June 2014 death of 24-year-old Wade Sweatt, of Alpharetta, Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stiner's parents and U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, have urged federal regulators to prohibit sales of the stimulant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Tuesday, Brown called the letters \"a step in the right direction\" and said he would continue to push for a ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA sent the warning letters last week to Bridge City Bulk - Bridge City LLC; Hard Eight Nutrition LLC; Purebulk Inc.; SPN LLC, which does business as Smartpowders; and Kreativ Health Inc., in Canoga Park, Calif., which does business as Natural Food Supplements. Their products are offered for sale online, according to the letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies have 15 days to respond to the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Rudnuck, president of Kreativ Health, told The Associated Press in a phone interview Tuesday that he would be taking its powdered caffeine off the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messages seeking comment were left Tuesday with Hard Eight Nutrition, Smartpowders, Bridge City and Purebulk.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A teaspoon of pure powdered caffeine is roughly equivalent to 28 cups of coffee, according to the FDA. The difference between a safe and toxic amount is very small. And a safe serving can be nearly impossible to measure with common kitchen tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Volume measures, such as teaspoons, are not precise enough to calculate how many milligrams of caffeine are in the serving size,\" the FDA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The packages of pure caffeine referenced in the warning letters contain hundreds or thousands of servings of the stimulant. Such packaged quantities are potentially lethal to consumers, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some teenagers and young adults have been particularly drawn to the powder for an energy boost. Users add it to drinks for a pick-me-up before workouts or to control weight gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighteen-year-old Logan Stiner, of LaGrange, Ohio, died in May 2014 after consuming it. It was also linked to the June 2014 death of 24-year-old Wade Sweatt, of Alpharetta, Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stiner's parents and U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, have urged federal regulators to prohibit sales of the stimulant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Tuesday, Brown called the letters \"a step in the right direction\" and said he would continue to push for a ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA sent the warning letters last week to Bridge City Bulk - Bridge City LLC; Hard Eight Nutrition LLC; Purebulk Inc.; SPN LLC, which does business as Smartpowders; and Kreativ Health Inc., in Canoga Park, Calif., which does business as Natural Food Supplements. Their products are offered for sale online, according to the letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies have 15 days to respond to the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Rudnuck, president of Kreativ Health, told The Associated Press in a phone interview Tuesday that he would be taking its powdered caffeine off the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messages seeking comment were left Tuesday with Hard Eight Nutrition, Smartpowders, Bridge City and Purebulk.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The viruses that cause the common cold are always lurking. But consider this: Even if we touch a doorknob or keyboard that's covered in cold germs from an infected person, we don't always catch the cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes when we're exposed to viruses, we end up not getting sick,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://lppiweb.ucsf.edu/faculty.aspx?id=7825\" target=\"_blank\">Aric Prather\u003c/a>, a psychologist at UC San Francisco, who studies how our behaviors can influence our health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our immune systems often fend off the viruses that cause colds. But, \u003cem>how well\u003c/em> our bodies mount this \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129829134\" target=\"_blank\">defense can vary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prather wanted to document the extent to which a good night's sleep is protective. So, he and a group of colleagues recruited 164 healthy men and women — their average age was 30 years old — to take part in a study. Using sleep diaries and a device similar to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fitbit.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Fitbit\u003c/a>, the researchers assessed each participant's sleep for a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the scientists sprayed a live common cold virus into each person's nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We infected them with the cold virus,\" Prather says, then quarantined everybody and watched to see who got sick. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.journalsleep.org/ViewAbstract.aspx?pid=30153\" target=\"_blank\">study's results\u003c/a> appear this week in the journal \u003cem>Sleep\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found was that individuals who were sleeping the least were substantially more likely to develop a cold,\" Prather says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the adults who averaged five or six hours nightly during the study were four times more likely to catch the cold than people who slept at least seven hours per night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analyzed another way: About 39 percent of those who slept six hours or less got sick. Of those who slept more than six hours, \"only 18 percent got colds,\" Prather says. \"It's striking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why a good night's sleep is protective isn't yet clear, but the scientists have a hunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's evidence that people who don't get enough sleep show higher levels of inflammation,\" says\u003ca href=\"http://www.psy.cmu.edu/people/cohen.html\"> Sheldon Cohen\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University who's been \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmu.edu/common-cold-project/\" target=\"_blank\">studying the common cold\u003c/a> for decades and co-authored the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other factors and behaviors may increase susceptibility too, research suggests. For instance, age may play a role, and smoking, chronic stress and a\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=131094125\" target=\"_blank\"> lack of exercise\u003c/a> can all make us more susceptible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for sleep's value, Prather's study is one more bit of evidence that many of us aren't getting enough. The National Sleep Foundation\u003ca href=\"http://sleepfoundation.org/media-center/press-release/national-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends\u003c/a> that adults get at least seven hours per night. And children and teens need even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sleep+More%2C+Sneeze+Less%3A+Increased+Slumber+Helps+Prevent+Colds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The viruses that cause the common cold are always lurking. But consider this: Even if we touch a doorknob or keyboard that's covered in cold germs from an infected person, we don't always catch the cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes when we're exposed to viruses, we end up not getting sick,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://lppiweb.ucsf.edu/faculty.aspx?id=7825\" target=\"_blank\">Aric Prather\u003c/a>, a psychologist at UC San Francisco, who studies how our behaviors can influence our health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our immune systems often fend off the viruses that cause colds. But, \u003cem>how well\u003c/em> our bodies mount this \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129829134\" target=\"_blank\">defense can vary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prather wanted to document the extent to which a good night's sleep is protective. So, he and a group of colleagues recruited 164 healthy men and women — their average age was 30 years old — to take part in a study. Using sleep diaries and a device similar to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fitbit.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Fitbit\u003c/a>, the researchers assessed each participant's sleep for a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the scientists sprayed a live common cold virus into each person's nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We infected them with the cold virus,\" Prather says, then quarantined everybody and watched to see who got sick. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.journalsleep.org/ViewAbstract.aspx?pid=30153\" target=\"_blank\">study's results\u003c/a> appear this week in the journal \u003cem>Sleep\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found was that individuals who were sleeping the least were substantially more likely to develop a cold,\" Prather says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the adults who averaged five or six hours nightly during the study were four times more likely to catch the cold than people who slept at least seven hours per night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analyzed another way: About 39 percent of those who slept six hours or less got sick. Of those who slept more than six hours, \"only 18 percent got colds,\" Prather says. \"It's striking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why a good night's sleep is protective isn't yet clear, but the scientists have a hunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's evidence that people who don't get enough sleep show higher levels of inflammation,\" says\u003ca href=\"http://www.psy.cmu.edu/people/cohen.html\"> Sheldon Cohen\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University who's been \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmu.edu/common-cold-project/\" target=\"_blank\">studying the common cold\u003c/a> for decades and co-authored the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other factors and behaviors may increase susceptibility too, research suggests. For instance, age may play a role, and smoking, chronic stress and a\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=131094125\" target=\"_blank\"> lack of exercise\u003c/a> can all make us more susceptible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for sleep's value, Prather's study is one more bit of evidence that many of us aren't getting enough. The National Sleep Foundation\u003ca href=\"http://sleepfoundation.org/media-center/press-release/national-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends\u003c/a> that adults get at least seven hours per night. And children and teens need even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sleep+More%2C+Sneeze+Less%3A+Increased+Slumber+Helps+Prevent+Colds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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