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"content": "\u003cp>Several years ago, pediatrician Lorena Siqueira treated a young boy who’d passed out after getting drunk. After he finally awoke, she asked him how much he drank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He couldn’t say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Pediatricians should screen all patients for alcohol use -- starting at age 9, report says.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All he remembered was how he got drunk. That’s when Siqueira realized just how dangerous alcohol use can be for teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vodka is their favored drink, she discovered, because it doesn’t taste or smell funny. “They take the bottle from their parents’ cabinet, sit in a circle, pass it around and take a swig,” says Siqueira, professor of pediatrics and director of adolescent medicine at Florida International University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids want to get a buzz, but aren’t sure how much to drink, and they might not stop until they’re nearly unconscious. Siqueira has heard the same story over and over since that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While alcohol use among youth \u003ca href=\"http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/monitoring-future/monitoring-future-survey-overview-findings-2014\" target=\"_blank\">has been falling\u003c/a> in recent years, binge drinking –- downing five or more drinks in two hours -- is still common. Teen binge drinking rates are so high, and the consequences so serious, that the American Academy of Pediatrics has issued a new report to help physicians spot and care for young drinkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To increase the chances of identifying at-risk youth, says Siqueira, the report’s lead author, doctors should screen every child in their practice for alcohol use, starting at age nine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A troubling trend\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most young people in the United States do not drink alcohol, but those who do are more likely than adults to drink heavily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the defining traits of adolescence –- a strong desire to fit in with peers, seek novel experiences and test limits –- make this tumultuous passage a prime time for flirting with substance use. And for most teens, alcohol is the substance of choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People dealing with increased stress are at higher risk for using drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism, says Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, director of research in the division of adolescent medicine at Stanford University. “Going back to school, especially for those taking difficult classes or thinking about college, can enhance stress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AAP report was published Monday in the journal Pediatrics. It draws on several national studies of youth drinking behavior which show that binge drinking rates increase with age and rise sharply in high school:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>21 percent of kids admit to having tried alcohol before 8th grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>79 percent of kids admit to having tried alcohol by 12th \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">grade\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>14.2 percent of 12- to 20-year-olds say they engaged in binge drinking in 2013\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>36 to 50 percent of high school students drink alcohol; 28 to 60 percent of them admit to binge drinking and nearly two-thirds have done so more than once in a month\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>10 percent of high school seniors say they’ve had more than 10 drinks in a row\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Studies of adolescent binge drinking may underestimate its impacts, the report warns, because the cutoff of five or more drinks in two hours is based on adult males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Uniquely vulnerable\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Binge drinking is particularly risky for teens because they are not little adults, says Siqueira. “Volume for volume, they’re far more likely to get intoxicated than you and I, so it can be very dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adolescents undergo many rapid physical and mental changes that make them more open to trying alcohol even as their still-developing bodies and brains are more vulnerable to its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one binge-drinking episode can result in death, either from alcohol poisoning or injuries sustained while engaging in risky behavior. Alcohol is associated with suicide, homicide and car crashes -- the leading causes of death for teenagers. Nearly a third of fatal auto accidents among 15- to 20-year-olds involve alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teen binge drinkers are also more likely to do poorly in school, have sex earlier, acquire sexually transmitted diseases from unprotected sex and fall prey to sexual violence during a drinking episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy drinking poses long-term risks, too. Alcohol exposure during adolescence, when connections between different brain regions are still forming, can lead to chronic problems with learning and memory and may increase susceptibility to addiction: kids who start drinking before age 15 are four times as likely to become alcohol dependent than those who start after age 20. Young binge drinkers are also at risk for developing multiple chronic conditions later in life, including cancer and liver disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For children with chronic medical conditions, alcohol can make them prone to skipping their medications, according to a new study, also published Monday in Pediatrics. More than a third of high school students with diabetes, asthma or other chronic conditions use alcohol, the study found, and are less likely to take their medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Report Recommends New Tool for Doctors\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Impulsive people who like to chase thrills are at high risk for substance abuse. But for kids, these traits may have more to do with an immature brain than a reckless nature. Younger kids and late bloomers may be more likely to try alcohol without considering the consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet doctors often mistakenly assume kids aren’t using alcohol, says Siqueira. That’s why the report recommends making a \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/YouthGuide/YouthGuide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">tool designed to spot alcohol\u003c/a> use in kids part of routine checkups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving health care providers specific questions to ask kids about how much they’re drinking, who they’re drinking with and when they’re drinking is particularly helpful, says Halpern-Felsher. Doctors can use that information to provide referrals, treatment and especially positive feedback, she says. “You want to say, ‘I’m glad you’re not drinking. That’s a great decision.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preventing alcohol use is far more effective than starting intervention once a problem is spotted, and parents play a critical role in prevention: 80 percent of teens say their parents are the biggest factor in deciding whether to drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siqueira encourages parents to view pediatricians as partners by giving them the chance to talk privately with a child. Children may be more likely to open up when they aren’t afraid of being judged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To counter the ubiquity of alcohol advertising -– especially brands that cater to teens with fruit-flavored concoctions and pretty little bottles –- experts say it’s important for parents to talk to their children as early as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too often, parents of kids hospitalized for intoxication feel relieved to learn that “it’s only alcohol” and not drugs, says Siqueira. But she thinks that’s a dangerous reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents need to realize that kids don’t nurse a drink like an adult might at a party, she says. “They’re swigging from a bottle, drinking huge amounts in a short time.” She hopes that parents take every opportunity to warn their children about the dangers of alcohol, before it’s too late.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several years ago, pediatrician Lorena Siqueira treated a young boy who’d passed out after getting drunk. After he finally awoke, she asked him how much he drank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He couldn’t say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Pediatricians should screen all patients for alcohol use -- starting at age 9, report says.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All he remembered was how he got drunk. That’s when Siqueira realized just how dangerous alcohol use can be for teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vodka is their favored drink, she discovered, because it doesn’t taste or smell funny. “They take the bottle from their parents’ cabinet, sit in a circle, pass it around and take a swig,” says Siqueira, professor of pediatrics and director of adolescent medicine at Florida International University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids want to get a buzz, but aren’t sure how much to drink, and they might not stop until they’re nearly unconscious. Siqueira has heard the same story over and over since that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While alcohol use among youth \u003ca href=\"http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/monitoring-future/monitoring-future-survey-overview-findings-2014\" target=\"_blank\">has been falling\u003c/a> in recent years, binge drinking –- downing five or more drinks in two hours -- is still common. Teen binge drinking rates are so high, and the consequences so serious, that the American Academy of Pediatrics has issued a new report to help physicians spot and care for young drinkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To increase the chances of identifying at-risk youth, says Siqueira, the report’s lead author, doctors should screen every child in their practice for alcohol use, starting at age nine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A troubling trend\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most young people in the United States do not drink alcohol, but those who do are more likely than adults to drink heavily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the defining traits of adolescence –- a strong desire to fit in with peers, seek novel experiences and test limits –- make this tumultuous passage a prime time for flirting with substance use. And for most teens, alcohol is the substance of choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People dealing with increased stress are at higher risk for using drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism, says Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, director of research in the division of adolescent medicine at Stanford University. “Going back to school, especially for those taking difficult classes or thinking about college, can enhance stress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AAP report was published Monday in the journal Pediatrics. It draws on several national studies of youth drinking behavior which show that binge drinking rates increase with age and rise sharply in high school:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>21 percent of kids admit to having tried alcohol before 8th grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>79 percent of kids admit to having tried alcohol by 12th \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">grade\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>14.2 percent of 12- to 20-year-olds say they engaged in binge drinking in 2013\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>36 to 50 percent of high school students drink alcohol; 28 to 60 percent of them admit to binge drinking and nearly two-thirds have done so more than once in a month\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>10 percent of high school seniors say they’ve had more than 10 drinks in a row\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Studies of adolescent binge drinking may underestimate its impacts, the report warns, because the cutoff of five or more drinks in two hours is based on adult males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Uniquely vulnerable\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Binge drinking is particularly risky for teens because they are not little adults, says Siqueira. “Volume for volume, they’re far more likely to get intoxicated than you and I, so it can be very dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adolescents undergo many rapid physical and mental changes that make them more open to trying alcohol even as their still-developing bodies and brains are more vulnerable to its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one binge-drinking episode can result in death, either from alcohol poisoning or injuries sustained while engaging in risky behavior. Alcohol is associated with suicide, homicide and car crashes -- the leading causes of death for teenagers. Nearly a third of fatal auto accidents among 15- to 20-year-olds involve alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teen binge drinkers are also more likely to do poorly in school, have sex earlier, acquire sexually transmitted diseases from unprotected sex and fall prey to sexual violence during a drinking episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy drinking poses long-term risks, too. Alcohol exposure during adolescence, when connections between different brain regions are still forming, can lead to chronic problems with learning and memory and may increase susceptibility to addiction: kids who start drinking before age 15 are four times as likely to become alcohol dependent than those who start after age 20. Young binge drinkers are also at risk for developing multiple chronic conditions later in life, including cancer and liver disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For children with chronic medical conditions, alcohol can make them prone to skipping their medications, according to a new study, also published Monday in Pediatrics. More than a third of high school students with diabetes, asthma or other chronic conditions use alcohol, the study found, and are less likely to take their medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Report Recommends New Tool for Doctors\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Impulsive people who like to chase thrills are at high risk for substance abuse. But for kids, these traits may have more to do with an immature brain than a reckless nature. Younger kids and late bloomers may be more likely to try alcohol without considering the consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet doctors often mistakenly assume kids aren’t using alcohol, says Siqueira. That’s why the report recommends making a \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/YouthGuide/YouthGuide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">tool designed to spot alcohol\u003c/a> use in kids part of routine checkups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving health care providers specific questions to ask kids about how much they’re drinking, who they’re drinking with and when they’re drinking is particularly helpful, says Halpern-Felsher. Doctors can use that information to provide referrals, treatment and especially positive feedback, she says. “You want to say, ‘I’m glad you’re not drinking. That’s a great decision.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preventing alcohol use is far more effective than starting intervention once a problem is spotted, and parents play a critical role in prevention: 80 percent of teens say their parents are the biggest factor in deciding whether to drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siqueira encourages parents to view pediatricians as partners by giving them the chance to talk privately with a child. Children may be more likely to open up when they aren’t afraid of being judged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To counter the ubiquity of alcohol advertising -– especially brands that cater to teens with fruit-flavored concoctions and pretty little bottles –- experts say it’s important for parents to talk to their children as early as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too often, parents of kids hospitalized for intoxication feel relieved to learn that “it’s only alcohol” and not drugs, says Siqueira. But she thinks that’s a dangerous reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Many parents likely fear the word “autism” but journalist Steven Silberman advocates a completely different approach in his sweeping book, \"\u003ca href=\"http://stevesilberman.com\" target=\"_blank\">Neurotribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity.\u003c/a>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A very quick definition of 'neurodiversity' is ‘Great minds don’t think alike, necessarily.' We have to stop pathologizing different styles of cognition.\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steve Silberman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Silberman dove into autism in 2001 when his article \"\u003ca href=\"http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/aspergers_pr.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Geek Syndrome\u003c/a>\" appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/category/magazine/\" target=\"_blank\">Wired\u003c/a>. Back then, he was focused on autism's cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The popularity of that article introduced him to many parents of autistic children. But as Silberman began to spend more time alongside those on the autistic spectrum, he realized that much of the national conversation about autism (and Silberman argues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0824-silberman-autism-speaks-20150824-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">the resources\u003c/a> available to help people live their lives) is focused on the wrong thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Years passed,\" he writes in his book, \"and I still got email about 'The Geek Syndrome' nearly every week.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began to worry that he'd missed \"a larger and more important story.\" He continues in the book:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A seemingly simple question began to formulate in my mind: After seventy years of research on autism, why do we still seem to know so little about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To find the answer to that question for this book, I decided to start my reporting at the very beginning, even before Kanner's and Asperger's allegedly independent discoveries of autism in the 1940s. By taking nothing for granted, I learned that the standard time line of autism history -- its creation myth so to speak -- is fundamentally flawed in ways that render autistic people in previous generations harder to see. Until these inaccuracies in the time line are corrected, they will continue to hamper our ability to make wise choices about the kinds of research and societal accommodations that would be most beneficial to autistic people and their families.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In a wide-ranging conversation recently on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201508251000\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's Forum\u003c/a>, Silberman addressed questions about the history of autism and Asperger's, misperceptions about the disorders, how different genders are affected by autism and the need for more services and resources for adults and families coping with autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220862510\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights of Silberman's discussion with host Michael Krasny:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Autism is Not New\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“I think it’s a mistake to see autism as a modern phenomenon and some kind of historical aberration,\" Silberman said. \"I actually think that’s one of the biggest traps in the world of autism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Quest for the Austism Gene\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Every couple of years a scientist announces that they have found what could be a biomarker for autism -- 'too much white matter.' Then two years later you read, 'too little white matter.' Actually, we still haven't zeroed in on exactly what the biomarkers for autism are. There is still no brain scan or blood test that can diagnose somebody. People are diagnosed on the basis of subjective clinical observations and a set of standardized clinical instruments. But it's still about observing people and about behavior and social context. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back when I wrote 'Geek Syndrome' a lot of parents were telling me ‘Oh yes, they're going to discover the autism gene.' Well they did -- except it turned out that there were more than a thousand candidate genes that contribute to autism. Not only that, each autistic person is genetically quite unique. As one of the big autism geneticists said and there's a saying in the autistic community ‘If you've met one autistic person, you've met one autistic person.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Great Minds Often Think Differently\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“That is the message of neurodiversity: the styles of human cognition should be celebrated rather than pathologized. A very quick definition of 'neurodiversity' is ‘Great minds don’t think alike, necessarily.' There are lots of different styles of cognition, and we have to stop pathologizing different ones, deal with the real, serious challenges that certain forms of neurodiversity present to people and their families and embrace that diversity as one of the strengths of our society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There Are Autistic Adults, Too\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"A truly shocking report came out in June from the Government Accountability Office that reported that the research into improving the lives of autistic adults has actually gone down in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to stop talking about ‘autistic children, autistic children, autistic children.’ We should talk about autistic people. If you think about it, there are more autistic adults than there are autistic children, and they are still virtually invisible to our society. There are very few services and resources available to them. It is one of the main things I want to change with my book. ... If you're an academic researcher who wants a promising area of study, please start looking at the lives -- and the life courses -- of autistic adults to figure out ways that we can support them as they go through these changes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parents are Heroes\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"There are so few resources for families. People often end up quitting their jobs to become sort of case managers for their children. People have had to prevail in the face of medical models of autism that blamed them. ... The parents of autistic kids and autistic people themselves are all heroes.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many parents likely fear the word “autism” but journalist Steven Silberman advocates a completely different approach in his sweeping book, \"\u003ca href=\"http://stevesilberman.com\" target=\"_blank\">Neurotribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity.\u003c/a>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A very quick definition of 'neurodiversity' is ‘Great minds don’t think alike, necessarily.' We have to stop pathologizing different styles of cognition.\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steve Silberman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Silberman dove into autism in 2001 when his article \"\u003ca href=\"http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/aspergers_pr.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Geek Syndrome\u003c/a>\" appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/category/magazine/\" target=\"_blank\">Wired\u003c/a>. Back then, he was focused on autism's cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The popularity of that article introduced him to many parents of autistic children. But as Silberman began to spend more time alongside those on the autistic spectrum, he realized that much of the national conversation about autism (and Silberman argues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0824-silberman-autism-speaks-20150824-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">the resources\u003c/a> available to help people live their lives) is focused on the wrong thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Years passed,\" he writes in his book, \"and I still got email about 'The Geek Syndrome' nearly every week.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began to worry that he'd missed \"a larger and more important story.\" He continues in the book:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A seemingly simple question began to formulate in my mind: After seventy years of research on autism, why do we still seem to know so little about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To find the answer to that question for this book, I decided to start my reporting at the very beginning, even before Kanner's and Asperger's allegedly independent discoveries of autism in the 1940s. By taking nothing for granted, I learned that the standard time line of autism history -- its creation myth so to speak -- is fundamentally flawed in ways that render autistic people in previous generations harder to see. Until these inaccuracies in the time line are corrected, they will continue to hamper our ability to make wise choices about the kinds of research and societal accommodations that would be most beneficial to autistic people and their families.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In a wide-ranging conversation recently on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201508251000\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's Forum\u003c/a>, Silberman addressed questions about the history of autism and Asperger's, misperceptions about the disorders, how different genders are affected by autism and the need for more services and resources for adults and families coping with autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220862510&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220862510'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights of Silberman's discussion with host Michael Krasny:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Autism is Not New\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“I think it’s a mistake to see autism as a modern phenomenon and some kind of historical aberration,\" Silberman said. \"I actually think that’s one of the biggest traps in the world of autism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Quest for the Austism Gene\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Every couple of years a scientist announces that they have found what could be a biomarker for autism -- 'too much white matter.' Then two years later you read, 'too little white matter.' Actually, we still haven't zeroed in on exactly what the biomarkers for autism are. There is still no brain scan or blood test that can diagnose somebody. People are diagnosed on the basis of subjective clinical observations and a set of standardized clinical instruments. But it's still about observing people and about behavior and social context. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back when I wrote 'Geek Syndrome' a lot of parents were telling me ‘Oh yes, they're going to discover the autism gene.' Well they did -- except it turned out that there were more than a thousand candidate genes that contribute to autism. Not only that, each autistic person is genetically quite unique. As one of the big autism geneticists said and there's a saying in the autistic community ‘If you've met one autistic person, you've met one autistic person.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Great Minds Often Think Differently\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“That is the message of neurodiversity: the styles of human cognition should be celebrated rather than pathologized. A very quick definition of 'neurodiversity' is ‘Great minds don’t think alike, necessarily.' There are lots of different styles of cognition, and we have to stop pathologizing different ones, deal with the real, serious challenges that certain forms of neurodiversity present to people and their families and embrace that diversity as one of the strengths of our society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There Are Autistic Adults, Too\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"A truly shocking report came out in June from the Government Accountability Office that reported that the research into improving the lives of autistic adults has actually gone down in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to stop talking about ‘autistic children, autistic children, autistic children.’ We should talk about autistic people. If you think about it, there are more autistic adults than there are autistic children, and they are still virtually invisible to our society. There are very few services and resources available to them. It is one of the main things I want to change with my book. ... If you're an academic researcher who wants a promising area of study, please start looking at the lives -- and the life courses -- of autistic adults to figure out ways that we can support them as they go through these changes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parents are Heroes\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"There are so few resources for families. People often end up quitting their jobs to become sort of case managers for their children. People have had to prevail in the face of medical models of autism that blamed them. ... The parents of autistic kids and autistic people themselves are all heroes.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Doctors’ practices are increasingly trying to reach their patients online. But don’t expect your doctor to “friend” you on Facebook – at least, not just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians generally draw a line: Public professional pages – focused on medicine, similar to those other businesses offer – are catching on. Some might email with patients. But doctors aren’t ready to share vacation photos and other more intimate details with patients, or even to advise them on medication or treatment options via private chats. They’re hesitant to blur the lines between personal lives and professional work and nervous about the privacy issues that could arise in discussing specific medical concerns on most Internet platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One study found 20 percent of patients tried to contact doctors via Facebook.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some of that may eventually change. One group, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, broke new ground this year in its \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2015/02000/Committee_Opinion_No__622___Professional_Use_of.47.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">latest social media guidelines\u003c/a>. It declined to advise members against becoming Facebook friends, instead leaving it to physicians to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the physician or health care provider trusts the relationships enough … we didn’t feel like it was appropriate to really try to outlaw that,” said Nathaniel DeNicola, an ob-gyn and clinical associate at the University of Pennsylvania, who helped write the ACOG guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even the use of these professional pages raises questions: How secure are these forums for talking about often-sensitive health information? When does using one complicate the doctor-patient relationship? Where should boundaries be drawn?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients, connecting with a physician’s office or group practice on Facebook can be a simple way to keep up with basic health news. It’s not unlike following a favorite sports team, your child’s middle school or the local grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Texas-based obstetrics and gynecology practice, for instance, uses \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/macobgyn?fref=ts\">a public Facebook page\u003c/a> to share tips about pregnancy and child care, with posts ranging from suggestions on how to stay cool in the summer to new research on effective exercise for post-birth weight gain. Practices have also been known to share healthy recipes, medical research news, and scheduling details for the flu shot season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have people come up to me and say, ‘I follow you on Facebook — thank you for posting this particular article. It helped me and my husband and my family,’ ” said Lisa Shaver, a primary care physician based in Portland, Ore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rgZhIiDHZBswchVQYBEsej3kf0JRkOJo\"]But unless they’re already friends, she won’t add patients to her personal account — where, she said, she posts less health information and more cat videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, professional groups, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acponline.org/newsroom/online_medical_professionalism.htm\" target=\"_blank\">American College of Physicians\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/about_site/SocialMediaFamPhys.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">American Academy of Family Physicians\u003c/a>, have advised against communicating through personal Facebook pages. The American Medical Association notes social media can be a valuable way to spread health information, but urged doctors in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion9124.page?\" target=\"_blank\">its 2010 guidelines\u003c/a> to separate their personal and professional online identities to “maintain professional boundaries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding ways to use Facebook and other forms of social media to connect with patients — even if it may just be through professional pages — fits a trend in which patients seek more equal footing with their doctors, said Zack Berger, an assistant professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who studies patient-doctor relationships and social media. It also follows what James Colbert, a hospitalist at Massachusetts-based Newton Wellesley Hospital, described as the growing consumer approach to medicine — including the notion that patients should be able to reach their physicians at all hours. Colbert is also an instructor at Harvard Medical School who researches how patients want to fit social technology into their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Email can be a particularly convenient method, though it isn’t without concerns. Eva Schweber, 44, emails her doctor from a personal account and sends messages through an online portal — a more digitally secure system that is being adopted by a growing number of practices. The portal, she said, is for discussing complex, specific information. She’ll email her doctor from her personal email for less private concerns: scheduling, filling prescriptions and asking if certain symptoms might warrant a check-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unsecure email is easier, in that I can do it from my phone, my tablet, whatever,” said Schweber, of Portland, Ore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent\u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11606-015-3374-7\" target=\"_blank\"> study\u003c/a> published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, almost 20 percent of patient respondents reported trying to contact doctors through Facebook, and almost 40 percent through email. “Patients want to communicate with doctors [in whatever way] is convenient,” said Joy Lee, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors don’t yet seem to share that enthusiasm, Colbert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, security questions persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social networking platforms aren’t usually digitally encrypted, increasing the odds they could get hacked or shared with third parties. The same worries hold true for other casual forms of online communication such as email and text-messaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means doctors who discuss specific health concerns with patients through those could break the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the patient privacy law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those concerns are always going to be there,” said David Fleming, past president of the American College of Physicians. “How private is it when we share, when we talk to people? … Once I’ve written it or once I’ve emailed it, it’s gone, and I have no control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because HIPAA was written before email and social media’s ascent, it may not address patient preferences or behavior, Colbert said. With more patients becoming comfortable using personal accounts for health needs, he said, the law perhaps deserves another look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should we allow patients to be able to share or send messages without going through these privacy safeguards if they’re willing to do so? Or do we say that that’s not safe, and even if patients don’t care about privacy we need to protect them?” he said. “That’s an open question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That public nature is a real worry for patients like Katie Cardenas, 45, who lives in Garner, N.C. She doesn’t think Facebook is secure enough for personal medical details. For sensitive information, she’ll usually send messages through a patient portal, the more secure website her doctor’s practice has set up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors could address that, several said, by using social media in other ways. These include maintaining active Twitter presences and professional Facebook pages for less-tailored health tips. That way, patients can get useful information and a sense of their doctors as people, but privacy stays intact and physicians maintain distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/author/shefali-luthra/\" target=\"_blank\">Shefali Luthra\u003c/a> is a reporter with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Doctors’ practices are increasingly trying to reach their patients online. But don’t expect your doctor to “friend” you on Facebook – at least, not just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians generally draw a line: Public professional pages – focused on medicine, similar to those other businesses offer – are catching on. Some might email with patients. But doctors aren’t ready to share vacation photos and other more intimate details with patients, or even to advise them on medication or treatment options via private chats. They’re hesitant to blur the lines between personal lives and professional work and nervous about the privacy issues that could arise in discussing specific medical concerns on most Internet platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One study found 20 percent of patients tried to contact doctors via Facebook.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some of that may eventually change. One group, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, broke new ground this year in its \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2015/02000/Committee_Opinion_No__622___Professional_Use_of.47.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">latest social media guidelines\u003c/a>. It declined to advise members against becoming Facebook friends, instead leaving it to physicians to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the physician or health care provider trusts the relationships enough … we didn’t feel like it was appropriate to really try to outlaw that,” said Nathaniel DeNicola, an ob-gyn and clinical associate at the University of Pennsylvania, who helped write the ACOG guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even the use of these professional pages raises questions: How secure are these forums for talking about often-sensitive health information? When does using one complicate the doctor-patient relationship? Where should boundaries be drawn?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients, connecting with a physician’s office or group practice on Facebook can be a simple way to keep up with basic health news. It’s not unlike following a favorite sports team, your child’s middle school or the local grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Texas-based obstetrics and gynecology practice, for instance, uses \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/macobgyn?fref=ts\">a public Facebook page\u003c/a> to share tips about pregnancy and child care, with posts ranging from suggestions on how to stay cool in the summer to new research on effective exercise for post-birth weight gain. Practices have also been known to share healthy recipes, medical research news, and scheduling details for the flu shot season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have people come up to me and say, ‘I follow you on Facebook — thank you for posting this particular article. It helped me and my husband and my family,’ ” said Lisa Shaver, a primary care physician based in Portland, Ore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But unless they’re already friends, she won’t add patients to her personal account — where, she said, she posts less health information and more cat videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, professional groups, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acponline.org/newsroom/online_medical_professionalism.htm\" target=\"_blank\">American College of Physicians\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/about_site/SocialMediaFamPhys.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">American Academy of Family Physicians\u003c/a>, have advised against communicating through personal Facebook pages. The American Medical Association notes social media can be a valuable way to spread health information, but urged doctors in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion9124.page?\" target=\"_blank\">its 2010 guidelines\u003c/a> to separate their personal and professional online identities to “maintain professional boundaries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding ways to use Facebook and other forms of social media to connect with patients — even if it may just be through professional pages — fits a trend in which patients seek more equal footing with their doctors, said Zack Berger, an assistant professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who studies patient-doctor relationships and social media. It also follows what James Colbert, a hospitalist at Massachusetts-based Newton Wellesley Hospital, described as the growing consumer approach to medicine — including the notion that patients should be able to reach their physicians at all hours. Colbert is also an instructor at Harvard Medical School who researches how patients want to fit social technology into their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Email can be a particularly convenient method, though it isn’t without concerns. Eva Schweber, 44, emails her doctor from a personal account and sends messages through an online portal — a more digitally secure system that is being adopted by a growing number of practices. The portal, she said, is for discussing complex, specific information. She’ll email her doctor from her personal email for less private concerns: scheduling, filling prescriptions and asking if certain symptoms might warrant a check-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unsecure email is easier, in that I can do it from my phone, my tablet, whatever,” said Schweber, of Portland, Ore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent\u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11606-015-3374-7\" target=\"_blank\"> study\u003c/a> published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, almost 20 percent of patient respondents reported trying to contact doctors through Facebook, and almost 40 percent through email. “Patients want to communicate with doctors [in whatever way] is convenient,” said Joy Lee, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors don’t yet seem to share that enthusiasm, Colbert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, security questions persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social networking platforms aren’t usually digitally encrypted, increasing the odds they could get hacked or shared with third parties. The same worries hold true for other casual forms of online communication such as email and text-messaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means doctors who discuss specific health concerns with patients through those could break the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the patient privacy law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those concerns are always going to be there,” said David Fleming, past president of the American College of Physicians. “How private is it when we share, when we talk to people? … Once I’ve written it or once I’ve emailed it, it’s gone, and I have no control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because HIPAA was written before email and social media’s ascent, it may not address patient preferences or behavior, Colbert said. With more patients becoming comfortable using personal accounts for health needs, he said, the law perhaps deserves another look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should we allow patients to be able to share or send messages without going through these privacy safeguards if they’re willing to do so? Or do we say that that’s not safe, and even if patients don’t care about privacy we need to protect them?” he said. “That’s an open question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That public nature is a real worry for patients like Katie Cardenas, 45, who lives in Garner, N.C. She doesn’t think Facebook is secure enough for personal medical details. For sensitive information, she’ll usually send messages through a patient portal, the more secure website her doctor’s practice has set up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors could address that, several said, by using social media in other ways. These include maintaining active Twitter presences and professional Facebook pages for less-tailored health tips. That way, patients can get useful information and a sense of their doctors as people, but privacy stays intact and physicians maintain distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/author/shefali-luthra/\" target=\"_blank\">Shefali Luthra\u003c/a> is a reporter with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Snooze Alert: A Sleep Disorder May Be Harming Your Body And Brain",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's time for consumers to wake up to the risks of sleep disorders, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 50 million adults in the U.S. have a disorder such as insomnia, restless leg syndrome or sleep apnea, according to an Institute of Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://iom.nationalacademies.org/Reports/2006/Sleep-Disorders-and-Sleep-Deprivation-An-Unmet-Public-Health-Problem.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a>. And it's now clear that a lack of sleep \"not only increases the risk of errors and accidents, it also has adverse effects on the body and brain,\" according to Charles Czeisler, chief of the division of sleep and circadian disorders at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/features/dssleep/\" target=\"_blank\">Research\u003c/a> in the past couple of decades has shown that a lack of sleep increases a person's risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, infections and maybe even Alzheimer's disease. Yet most sleep disorders go untreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Arnott, who is now 67, began having sleep problems in his 50s, he says. As a result, he often found himself having trouble staying awake during long drives on the Massachusetts Turnpike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would get groggy and feel like I've got to keep talking, open the window,\" Arnott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His wife, Mary White, says being a passenger on those drives could be scary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of a sudden there'd be a change in the speed and I'd look over, and his eyes would be starting to close,\" she remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White thought her husband might have sleep \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea\" target=\"_blank\">apnea\u003c/a>, which interferes with breathing. But Arnott was in denial. He figured he was free of most risk factors for apnea. He wasn't overweight, he didn't smoke or take sedatives, and he has always stayed in great shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a runner. I've run for more than 40 years,\" he says. \"I used to do marathons. Now I just do 5- and 10-kilometer road races.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his wife took the initiative. \"I asked him to see a doctor and he wouldn't,\" she says. In 2012, though, White persuaded him to take part in a sleep research study that paid for his participation, and took place at a sleep lab in Boston, not too far from the couple's home in Cambridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors found a couple of problems. \"I've got what they call moderate obstructive sleep apnea,\" Arnott says. He also has a form of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/restless_legs/detail_restless_legs.htm\" target=\"_blank\">restless leg syndrome\u003c/a> that causes him to kick during sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those conditions, along with his tendency to stay up late and wake up early, meant he wasn't getting enough quality sleep. And research in the past couple of decades has shown that's a problem even if you're not nodding off on the Massachusetts Turnpike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of that research was done in the same sleep lab at Brigham and Women's Hospital where Arnott was diagnosed. The lab includes rooms that are completely isolated from the light, sounds and even vibrations of the outside world. As study participants sleep in these rooms, their brain waves, respiration, oxygen levels and other signs can be monitored from a central control room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In highly controlled environments like this one, Czeisler and other researchers have shown that sleep affects everything from blood pressure to memory to metabolism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Within 2 1/2 weeks we can take someone who is young, healthy and fit and put them in a pre-diabetic state just by putting them on an irregular schedule,\" Czeisler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research also has shown a strong connection between sleep and the immune system, Czeisler says. \"People who are not getting sleep, if they're exposed to a virus like the adenovirus — that causes the common cold — they will have a 200 to 300 percent increased risk of actually catching a cold,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many studies suggest that a lack of sleep raises the risk of a heart attack or stroke. And most recently, Czeisler says, scientists have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.alzinfo.org/articles/poor-sleep-may-be-linked-to-alzheimers-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">evidence\u003c/a> that the brain actually needs sleep to stay healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's during sleep that we clear out many of the toxins that build up during wakefulness,\" Czeisler says. Among those toxins is beta-amyloid, which produces the sticky plaques that appear in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most sleep disorders can be treated, but often they aren't. Arnott, the sleepy driver from Cambridge, didn't address his symptoms until his wife pushed him to take part in a sleep study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66824\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/cpap-machine_enl-d9fb74618f9efb012da832fa3f8d290dfbaa3fc2-e1440437424497.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-66824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/cpap-machine_enl-d9fb74618f9efb012da832fa3f8d290dfbaa3fc2-400x266.jpg\" alt=\"When worn at night, the mask of a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine delivers enough air pressure to keep the upper airway passages open. Blocked passages are behind the poor sleep and other symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea.\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When worn at night, the mask of a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine delivers enough air pressure to keep the upper airway passages open. Blocked passages are behind the poor sleep and other symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea. \u003ccite>(Dr. P. Marazzi/Science Source)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"My whole clinic is full of patients who are brought in by their spouses,\" says Dr. Andrew Wellman, a sleep specialist at Harvard and Brigham and Women's who has cared for Arnott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Wellman is assessing a new patient, he asks a simple question: \"Do your eyelids get heavy when you'd prefer to be awake?\" If the answer is yes, that is a very specific indication that someone isn't getting enough sleep. Symptoms such as fatigue or feeling tired are less specific, and can have other causes, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of Wellman's practice is devoted to sleep apnea, which affects about 1 in 3 adult men and becomes more common with age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wellman says a sleep apnea diagnosis usually requires an overnight sleep study to measure the flow of air in and out of the lungs. \"If that flow is diminished, then that is the primary measurement that we use to detect these sleep apnea events,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem can be in the brain — a condition called central apnea. But more often the airway is getting blocked repeatedly during sleep, a disorder called obstructive sleep apnea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnott has an unusual variant of obstructive sleep apnea, Wellman says. \"His airway actually collapses at the epiglottis, which is a structure just below the base of the tongue that prevents food from going down in the airway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the cause, the go-to treatment for sleep apnea is a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. Arnott tried one for three months and hated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66825\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/sleep-science-1_enl-501e441057efbfa64b8bcc5154019da948b34b5d-e1440437318243.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/sleep-science-1_enl-501e441057efbfa64b8bcc5154019da948b34b5d-e1440437318243.jpg\" alt='Instead of relying on forced air to keep his airway open when he sleeps, Arnott now wears this soft oral appliance at night. The device is more comfortable than CPAP, he says, and has decreased his apnea symptoms to \"negligible\" or \"mild.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Instead of relying on forced air to keep his airway open when he sleeps, Arnott now wears this soft oral appliance at night. The device is more comfortable than CPAP, he says, and has decreased his apnea symptoms to \"negligible\" or \"mild.\" \u003ccite>(M. Scott Bauer for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"You have to have a mask on your face; you have a machine making noise all night, and you have to have electricity,\" he says. \"We hike. We go to places in the White Mountains of New Hampshire and Maine, where electricity is not always there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complaints like those are pretty common among people using CPAP machines, Wellman says. \"Somewhere around 50 percent of patients don't adhere to their therapy. Probably there are many people that don't even come to the sleep lab because they know they might get that breathing machine, and they don't want it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One alternative is surgery to help keep the airway open. Another is an oral appliance that moves the lower jaw forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnott eventually switched to an oral appliance and has made a series of other changes. He sleeps on his side, which reduces apnea. He tries to get to bed at the same time each night. And he has begun doing yoga before bedtime, which he says helps with his restless leg syndrome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those steps have made a big difference, Arnott says. For one thing, he no longer falls asleep at the wheel. And now, he says, \"There are times on long trips when Mary actually says, 'I'm getting groggy. You drive.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Snooze+Alert%3A+A+Sleep+Disorder+May+Be+Harming+Your+Body+And+Brain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A lack of sleep can increase the risk of traffic accidents, heart attacks, diabetes and maybe even Alzheimer's disease, research suggests. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's time for consumers to wake up to the risks of sleep disorders, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 50 million adults in the U.S. have a disorder such as insomnia, restless leg syndrome or sleep apnea, according to an Institute of Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://iom.nationalacademies.org/Reports/2006/Sleep-Disorders-and-Sleep-Deprivation-An-Unmet-Public-Health-Problem.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a>. And it's now clear that a lack of sleep \"not only increases the risk of errors and accidents, it also has adverse effects on the body and brain,\" according to Charles Czeisler, chief of the division of sleep and circadian disorders at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/features/dssleep/\" target=\"_blank\">Research\u003c/a> in the past couple of decades has shown that a lack of sleep increases a person's risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, infections and maybe even Alzheimer's disease. Yet most sleep disorders go untreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Arnott, who is now 67, began having sleep problems in his 50s, he says. As a result, he often found himself having trouble staying awake during long drives on the Massachusetts Turnpike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would get groggy and feel like I've got to keep talking, open the window,\" Arnott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His wife, Mary White, says being a passenger on those drives could be scary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of a sudden there'd be a change in the speed and I'd look over, and his eyes would be starting to close,\" she remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White thought her husband might have sleep \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea\" target=\"_blank\">apnea\u003c/a>, which interferes with breathing. But Arnott was in denial. He figured he was free of most risk factors for apnea. He wasn't overweight, he didn't smoke or take sedatives, and he has always stayed in great shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a runner. I've run for more than 40 years,\" he says. \"I used to do marathons. Now I just do 5- and 10-kilometer road races.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his wife took the initiative. \"I asked him to see a doctor and he wouldn't,\" she says. In 2012, though, White persuaded him to take part in a sleep research study that paid for his participation, and took place at a sleep lab in Boston, not too far from the couple's home in Cambridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors found a couple of problems. \"I've got what they call moderate obstructive sleep apnea,\" Arnott says. He also has a form of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/restless_legs/detail_restless_legs.htm\" target=\"_blank\">restless leg syndrome\u003c/a> that causes him to kick during sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those conditions, along with his tendency to stay up late and wake up early, meant he wasn't getting enough quality sleep. And research in the past couple of decades has shown that's a problem even if you're not nodding off on the Massachusetts Turnpike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of that research was done in the same sleep lab at Brigham and Women's Hospital where Arnott was diagnosed. The lab includes rooms that are completely isolated from the light, sounds and even vibrations of the outside world. As study participants sleep in these rooms, their brain waves, respiration, oxygen levels and other signs can be monitored from a central control room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In highly controlled environments like this one, Czeisler and other researchers have shown that sleep affects everything from blood pressure to memory to metabolism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Within 2 1/2 weeks we can take someone who is young, healthy and fit and put them in a pre-diabetic state just by putting them on an irregular schedule,\" Czeisler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research also has shown a strong connection between sleep and the immune system, Czeisler says. \"People who are not getting sleep, if they're exposed to a virus like the adenovirus — that causes the common cold — they will have a 200 to 300 percent increased risk of actually catching a cold,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many studies suggest that a lack of sleep raises the risk of a heart attack or stroke. And most recently, Czeisler says, scientists have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.alzinfo.org/articles/poor-sleep-may-be-linked-to-alzheimers-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">evidence\u003c/a> that the brain actually needs sleep to stay healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's during sleep that we clear out many of the toxins that build up during wakefulness,\" Czeisler says. Among those toxins is beta-amyloid, which produces the sticky plaques that appear in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most sleep disorders can be treated, but often they aren't. Arnott, the sleepy driver from Cambridge, didn't address his symptoms until his wife pushed him to take part in a sleep study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66824\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/cpap-machine_enl-d9fb74618f9efb012da832fa3f8d290dfbaa3fc2-e1440437424497.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-66824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/cpap-machine_enl-d9fb74618f9efb012da832fa3f8d290dfbaa3fc2-400x266.jpg\" alt=\"When worn at night, the mask of a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine delivers enough air pressure to keep the upper airway passages open. Blocked passages are behind the poor sleep and other symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea.\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When worn at night, the mask of a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine delivers enough air pressure to keep the upper airway passages open. Blocked passages are behind the poor sleep and other symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea. \u003ccite>(Dr. P. Marazzi/Science Source)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"My whole clinic is full of patients who are brought in by their spouses,\" says Dr. Andrew Wellman, a sleep specialist at Harvard and Brigham and Women's who has cared for Arnott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Wellman is assessing a new patient, he asks a simple question: \"Do your eyelids get heavy when you'd prefer to be awake?\" If the answer is yes, that is a very specific indication that someone isn't getting enough sleep. Symptoms such as fatigue or feeling tired are less specific, and can have other causes, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of Wellman's practice is devoted to sleep apnea, which affects about 1 in 3 adult men and becomes more common with age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wellman says a sleep apnea diagnosis usually requires an overnight sleep study to measure the flow of air in and out of the lungs. \"If that flow is diminished, then that is the primary measurement that we use to detect these sleep apnea events,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem can be in the brain — a condition called central apnea. But more often the airway is getting blocked repeatedly during sleep, a disorder called obstructive sleep apnea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnott has an unusual variant of obstructive sleep apnea, Wellman says. \"His airway actually collapses at the epiglottis, which is a structure just below the base of the tongue that prevents food from going down in the airway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the cause, the go-to treatment for sleep apnea is a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. Arnott tried one for three months and hated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66825\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/sleep-science-1_enl-501e441057efbfa64b8bcc5154019da948b34b5d-e1440437318243.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/sleep-science-1_enl-501e441057efbfa64b8bcc5154019da948b34b5d-e1440437318243.jpg\" alt='Instead of relying on forced air to keep his airway open when he sleeps, Arnott now wears this soft oral appliance at night. The device is more comfortable than CPAP, he says, and has decreased his apnea symptoms to \"negligible\" or \"mild.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Instead of relying on forced air to keep his airway open when he sleeps, Arnott now wears this soft oral appliance at night. The device is more comfortable than CPAP, he says, and has decreased his apnea symptoms to \"negligible\" or \"mild.\" \u003ccite>(M. Scott Bauer for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"You have to have a mask on your face; you have a machine making noise all night, and you have to have electricity,\" he says. \"We hike. We go to places in the White Mountains of New Hampshire and Maine, where electricity is not always there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complaints like those are pretty common among people using CPAP machines, Wellman says. \"Somewhere around 50 percent of patients don't adhere to their therapy. Probably there are many people that don't even come to the sleep lab because they know they might get that breathing machine, and they don't want it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One alternative is surgery to help keep the airway open. Another is an oral appliance that moves the lower jaw forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnott eventually switched to an oral appliance and has made a series of other changes. He sleeps on his side, which reduces apnea. He tries to get to bed at the same time each night. And he has begun doing yoga before bedtime, which he says helps with his restless leg syndrome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those steps have made a big difference, Arnott says. For one thing, he no longer falls asleep at the wheel. And now, he says, \"There are times on long trips when Mary actually says, 'I'm getting groggy. You drive.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Snooze+Alert%3A+A+Sleep+Disorder+May+Be+Harming+Your+Body+And+Brain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Affordable Care Act, aka Obamacare, has had a significant impact on\u003cbr>\ndecreasing the number of adults without health insurance, according to new \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2015/Medi-Cal-factsheet-aug2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">data\u003c/a> from the California Health Interview Survey, released Tuesday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two-year survey queried 23,160 Californians in 2013 and 24,845 in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center said that as a result of Obamacare's 2014 expansion of Medi-Cal to those households just above the federal poverty level, the rate of uninsured Californians ages 19-64 fell from 20.6 percent to 17.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among all nonelderly Californians, \"the uninsured rate declined to a new low of 13.6%,\" the center said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the negative side, two troubling statistics:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 27 percent of Californians were considered obese in 2014, compared to 19 percent in 2001. That's a whopping 42 percent increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And nearly 9 percent of respondents reported having been diagnosed with diabetes. The trendline on that is not encouraging, either, surging from 6.6 percent in 20013 to 8.9 percent in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/diabetes1-e1440009963382.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-64147\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/diabetes1-e1440009963382.jpg\" alt=\"diabetes\" width=\"640\" height=\"396\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More findings highlighted by the center in its press release:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Children and sedentary time. On a typical weekday, nearly half (46.5 percent) of children ages 2 to 11 spend 2 or more hours a day watching TV, playing computer games or talking with friends, and that increases on the weekend to more than 7 in 10 children (71.7 percent).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Teens and smoking. Roughly 1 in 10 teens reported “vaping,” smoking e-cigarettes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>High school students and community. Nearly 90 percent of adolescents feel they can make a difference in their community, a positive attitude that spanned disparate incomes and races/ethnicities.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Women and family planning. Birth control pills still reign as the most popular method of family planning among women. Of nearly 2 million women ages 18 to 44 who received birth control from a doctor, 56.6 percent were on the pill. Nearly 34 percent used IUDs, implants and other hormonal methods.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Adults and smoking. Nearly 12 percent of adults 18 and older are current smokers, but 7 in 10 of those smokers have thought about quitting in the next 6 months.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to find more stats related to the survey, you can register at the \u003ca href=\"http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/ask/SitePages/AskChisLogin.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2fAskCHIS%2ftools%2f_layouts%2fAuthenticate.aspx%3fSource%3d%252FAskCHIS%252Ftools%252F%255Flayouts%252FAskChisTool%252Fhome%252Easpx&Source=%2FAskCHIS%2Ftools%2F_layouts%2FAskChisTool%2Fhome%2Easpx\" target=\"_blank\">AskCHIS website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Affordable Care Act, aka Obamacare, has had a significant impact on\u003cbr>\ndecreasing the number of adults without health insurance, according to new \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2015/Medi-Cal-factsheet-aug2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">data\u003c/a> from the California Health Interview Survey, released Tuesday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two-year survey queried 23,160 Californians in 2013 and 24,845 in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center said that as a result of Obamacare's 2014 expansion of Medi-Cal to those households just above the federal poverty level, the rate of uninsured Californians ages 19-64 fell from 20.6 percent to 17.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among all nonelderly Californians, \"the uninsured rate declined to a new low of 13.6%,\" the center said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the negative side, two troubling statistics:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 27 percent of Californians were considered obese in 2014, compared to 19 percent in 2001. That's a whopping 42 percent increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And nearly 9 percent of respondents reported having been diagnosed with diabetes. The trendline on that is not encouraging, either, surging from 6.6 percent in 20013 to 8.9 percent in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/diabetes1-e1440009963382.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-64147\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/diabetes1-e1440009963382.jpg\" alt=\"diabetes\" width=\"640\" height=\"396\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More findings highlighted by the center in its press release:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Children and sedentary time. On a typical weekday, nearly half (46.5 percent) of children ages 2 to 11 spend 2 or more hours a day watching TV, playing computer games or talking with friends, and that increases on the weekend to more than 7 in 10 children (71.7 percent).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Teens and smoking. Roughly 1 in 10 teens reported “vaping,” smoking e-cigarettes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>High school students and community. Nearly 90 percent of adolescents feel they can make a difference in their community, a positive attitude that spanned disparate incomes and races/ethnicities.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Women and family planning. Birth control pills still reign as the most popular method of family planning among women. Of nearly 2 million women ages 18 to 44 who received birth control from a doctor, 56.6 percent were on the pill. Nearly 34 percent used IUDs, implants and other hormonal methods.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Adults and smoking. Nearly 12 percent of adults 18 and older are current smokers, but 7 in 10 of those smokers have thought about quitting in the next 6 months.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to find more stats related to the survey, you can register at the \u003ca href=\"http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/ask/SitePages/AskChisLogin.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2fAskCHIS%2ftools%2f_layouts%2fAuthenticate.aspx%3fSource%3d%252FAskCHIS%252Ftools%252F%255Flayouts%252FAskChisTool%252Fhome%252Easpx&Source=%2FAskCHIS%2Ftools%2F_layouts%2FAskChisTool%2Fhome%2Easpx\" target=\"_blank\">AskCHIS website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Are Millennials Ready to Ditch their Regular Doctor?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Unlike previous generations, young people today have countless options when it comes to their medical care. Millennials can video chat with a doctor practicing anywhere in the country, or sign up with a concierge medical group and schedule an appointment with the next-available provider online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A millennial myself, I haven't had a steady primary care doctor since I moved to the U.S. four years ago. I prize convenience over anything else, even if it means having to repeat basic information like my allergies and family history. Over the past few months, I've interviewed more than a dozen millennials and a range of health experts to find out whether I'm the exception or the norm, and whether doctor-patient loyalty is truly a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Olivia June Poole couldn't tell me the name of her primary care doctor. When she's feeling unwell, she makes an appointment online through San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\">One Medical\u003c/a>, a new brand of concierge care that prides itself on its online offerings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I personally don't care what doctor I see as long as they're competent, they have access to my medical records, and I can see them as soon as I need to,\" said Poole, a technology entrepreneur in her late twenties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost all of the millennials I spoke with said they had high expectations for their primary care and were willing to \"doctor shop\" until they felt satisfied. Most saw value in same-day appointments, online scheduling and access to their medical record, as well as the option to text or email the doctor between visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, \"the notion of having a single doctor that is theirs is a foreign concept\" to millennials, said Dr. Pat Basu, the chief medical officer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.doctorondemand.com/\">Doctor On Demand\u003c/a>, a San Francisco company that offers video visits with doctors for $40 per session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the Lack of Loyalty a Bad Thing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, I did not find a large-scale dataset to prove that millennials are less loyal to their doctor than previous generations -- one may not exist yet. But bits and pieces of research paint a picture of a millennial-set that is increasingly demanding of their primary care doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The notion of having a single doctor that is theirs is a foreign concept\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dr. Pat Basu, chief medical officer at Doctor On Demand\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A 2012 survey from Harris Poll, a market research firm, found a disparity between the desire for online health services and the availability of those services. Among those surveyed, 52 percent of baby boomers said they were \"very satisfied\" with their health care experience, compared to 48 percent of Gen Xers and just 35 percent of millennials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Services like Doctor On Demand do offer people the option to see the same doctor again. But according to Basu, 30 to 40 percent of patients do not typically maintain a relationship with one doctor, as it means longer wait times. That number jumps to more than 50 percent for patients in their twenties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But copious data does exist to show that there's still a great deal of value in a doctor-patient relationship, particularly for those with chronic or complex medical conditions. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/7/1113.abstract\">recently-published research\u003c/a> in the journal Health Affairs found that in California, continuity with a regular source of primary care leads to fewer hospitalizations and emergency room visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even in this digital age, someway, somehow there needs to be a connection [between doctor and patient],\" said Paul Grundy, IBM's director of healthcare transformation and the founding president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pcpcc.org/\">Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative\u003c/a>, a coalition of health care providers, patient advocates and employers based in Washington DC that advocates for higher quality care at a lower cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grundy's research from 2008 found that those who have a regular relationship with a primary care doctor, or \"healer\" as he calls them, cost the health system one-third less and experience a 19 percent lower mortality rate over a 15-year window than those who can't name their primary care doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a medical condition like cancer or HIV, then you should value the relationship,\" added Bob Kocher, an investor at health care-focused investment firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.venrock.com/\">Venrock\u003c/a> and a former specialist assistant to President Obama who helped write the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Kocher, there isn't an easy way for one doctor to share instructions or learnings for the next doctor. Information can get lost in the shuffle. Patients may undergo repeat tests, and will very likely need to spend time filling out a family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's certainly a lot lost when the next doctor tries to figure out what to do with you,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wanting it All\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What surprised me in my research is that while millennials do shop around for primary care, similar to how they compare auto insurance or airline flights, many said they were willing to commit once they've found a doctor who fits the bill. Others told me that they would prioritize seeing their regular doctor and would only consider seeing a new doctor via Doctor On Demand or One Medical if the wait time for a visit surpassed a couple days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ali Boldish, 28, of Medford, Ore., still values loyalty above all else. She said she has taken the time to choose a doctor who will spend time really listening to her, rather than staring at a screen or hastening her out the door after a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I trust they [my doctor] will be open and honest with me and that they trust me to hear not only my worries but my thoughts as well and take those into account,” she said. “I expect not to be rushed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent trip to the East Coast, I paid a visit to Manhattan-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.zocdoc.com/\">ZocDoc\u003c/a>, a website that helps millions of patients each month across the U.S. schedule doctor's visits. The vast majority of people who use ZocDoc are under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Even in this digital age, someway, somehow there needs to be a connection [between doctor and patient]\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Paul Grundy, IBM's director of healthcare transformation \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many patients who use ZocDoc hold a similar view as Ali Boldish. Three out of four returning patients will choose the same doctor, company spokeswoman Amy Juaristi said, adding that many of the doctors who have signed up to ZocDoc offer texts and email communication as well as weekend and evening appointments to appeal to busy young professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty-somethings are extremely loyal to their primary doctor if it means they don't have to give up on convenience. We try to foster that,\" said Oliver Kharraz, the company's president and founder. In order words, millennials are willing to wait a bit to see their regular doctor, but not a few weeks or months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nikolaos Bonatsos, a 31-year-old venture capitalist based in Palo Alto, has been seeing the same doctor for four years. Recently, he said he felt a bout of fatigue and tried to schedule a time to talk about his symptoms. Only when he didn't hear back for two days, did he opt to schedule an online visit via One Medical with a doctor who happened to be available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"F\u003cspan class=\"s1\">or small stuff, do I have loyalty? No,\" he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"In the era of text messaging and instant gratification, speed matters a lot. Traditional health providers don't do well,\" he added. \"So if you are a techie or a hypochondriac you start looking around for other alternatives.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their part, primary care groups say they're doing their best to improve the experience for young people, so they don't flock to a virtual alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Wergin of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/about.html\">American Academy of Family Physicians\u003c/a> said the organization conducts surveys of its members every year, which show a steady increase in doctors modernizing their practices by offering email communication and online access to billing and/or medical records since 2008. The American Academy of Family Physicians represents over 120,000 U.S. doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our approach is to encourage doctors to think about what a millennial would want and adapt,\" Wergin said. \"We still think patients benefit from having a consistent physician, or at least gravitating to one when they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you value your relationship with your primary care doctor? Have you ever consulted with your doctor via video chat? Share your story with me at cfarr@kqed.org \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Unlike previous generations, young people today have countless options when it comes to their medical care. Millennials can video chat with a doctor practicing anywhere in the country, or sign up with a concierge medical group and schedule an appointment with the next-available provider online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A millennial myself, I haven't had a steady primary care doctor since I moved to the U.S. four years ago. I prize convenience over anything else, even if it means having to repeat basic information like my allergies and family history. Over the past few months, I've interviewed more than a dozen millennials and a range of health experts to find out whether I'm the exception or the norm, and whether doctor-patient loyalty is truly a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Olivia June Poole couldn't tell me the name of her primary care doctor. When she's feeling unwell, she makes an appointment online through San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\">One Medical\u003c/a>, a new brand of concierge care that prides itself on its online offerings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I personally don't care what doctor I see as long as they're competent, they have access to my medical records, and I can see them as soon as I need to,\" said Poole, a technology entrepreneur in her late twenties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost all of the millennials I spoke with said they had high expectations for their primary care and were willing to \"doctor shop\" until they felt satisfied. Most saw value in same-day appointments, online scheduling and access to their medical record, as well as the option to text or email the doctor between visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, \"the notion of having a single doctor that is theirs is a foreign concept\" to millennials, said Dr. Pat Basu, the chief medical officer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.doctorondemand.com/\">Doctor On Demand\u003c/a>, a San Francisco company that offers video visits with doctors for $40 per session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the Lack of Loyalty a Bad Thing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, I did not find a large-scale dataset to prove that millennials are less loyal to their doctor than previous generations -- one may not exist yet. But bits and pieces of research paint a picture of a millennial-set that is increasingly demanding of their primary care doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The notion of having a single doctor that is theirs is a foreign concept\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dr. Pat Basu, chief medical officer at Doctor On Demand\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A 2012 survey from Harris Poll, a market research firm, found a disparity between the desire for online health services and the availability of those services. Among those surveyed, 52 percent of baby boomers said they were \"very satisfied\" with their health care experience, compared to 48 percent of Gen Xers and just 35 percent of millennials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Services like Doctor On Demand do offer people the option to see the same doctor again. But according to Basu, 30 to 40 percent of patients do not typically maintain a relationship with one doctor, as it means longer wait times. That number jumps to more than 50 percent for patients in their twenties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But copious data does exist to show that there's still a great deal of value in a doctor-patient relationship, particularly for those with chronic or complex medical conditions. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/7/1113.abstract\">recently-published research\u003c/a> in the journal Health Affairs found that in California, continuity with a regular source of primary care leads to fewer hospitalizations and emergency room visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even in this digital age, someway, somehow there needs to be a connection [between doctor and patient],\" said Paul Grundy, IBM's director of healthcare transformation and the founding president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pcpcc.org/\">Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative\u003c/a>, a coalition of health care providers, patient advocates and employers based in Washington DC that advocates for higher quality care at a lower cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grundy's research from 2008 found that those who have a regular relationship with a primary care doctor, or \"healer\" as he calls them, cost the health system one-third less and experience a 19 percent lower mortality rate over a 15-year window than those who can't name their primary care doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a medical condition like cancer or HIV, then you should value the relationship,\" added Bob Kocher, an investor at health care-focused investment firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.venrock.com/\">Venrock\u003c/a> and a former specialist assistant to President Obama who helped write the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Kocher, there isn't an easy way for one doctor to share instructions or learnings for the next doctor. Information can get lost in the shuffle. Patients may undergo repeat tests, and will very likely need to spend time filling out a family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's certainly a lot lost when the next doctor tries to figure out what to do with you,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wanting it All\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What surprised me in my research is that while millennials do shop around for primary care, similar to how they compare auto insurance or airline flights, many said they were willing to commit once they've found a doctor who fits the bill. Others told me that they would prioritize seeing their regular doctor and would only consider seeing a new doctor via Doctor On Demand or One Medical if the wait time for a visit surpassed a couple days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ali Boldish, 28, of Medford, Ore., still values loyalty above all else. She said she has taken the time to choose a doctor who will spend time really listening to her, rather than staring at a screen or hastening her out the door after a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I trust they [my doctor] will be open and honest with me and that they trust me to hear not only my worries but my thoughts as well and take those into account,” she said. “I expect not to be rushed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent trip to the East Coast, I paid a visit to Manhattan-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.zocdoc.com/\">ZocDoc\u003c/a>, a website that helps millions of patients each month across the U.S. schedule doctor's visits. The vast majority of people who use ZocDoc are under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Even in this digital age, someway, somehow there needs to be a connection [between doctor and patient]\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Paul Grundy, IBM's director of healthcare transformation \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many patients who use ZocDoc hold a similar view as Ali Boldish. Three out of four returning patients will choose the same doctor, company spokeswoman Amy Juaristi said, adding that many of the doctors who have signed up to ZocDoc offer texts and email communication as well as weekend and evening appointments to appeal to busy young professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty-somethings are extremely loyal to their primary doctor if it means they don't have to give up on convenience. We try to foster that,\" said Oliver Kharraz, the company's president and founder. In order words, millennials are willing to wait a bit to see their regular doctor, but not a few weeks or months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nikolaos Bonatsos, a 31-year-old venture capitalist based in Palo Alto, has been seeing the same doctor for four years. Recently, he said he felt a bout of fatigue and tried to schedule a time to talk about his symptoms. Only when he didn't hear back for two days, did he opt to schedule an online visit via One Medical with a doctor who happened to be available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"F\u003cspan class=\"s1\">or small stuff, do I have loyalty? No,\" he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"In the era of text messaging and instant gratification, speed matters a lot. Traditional health providers don't do well,\" he added. \"So if you are a techie or a hypochondriac you start looking around for other alternatives.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their part, primary care groups say they're doing their best to improve the experience for young people, so they don't flock to a virtual alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Wergin of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/about.html\">American Academy of Family Physicians\u003c/a> said the organization conducts surveys of its members every year, which show a steady increase in doctors modernizing their practices by offering email communication and online access to billing and/or medical records since 2008. The American Academy of Family Physicians represents over 120,000 U.S. doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our approach is to encourage doctors to think about what a millennial would want and adapt,\" Wergin said. \"We still think patients benefit from having a consistent physician, or at least gravitating to one when they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you value your relationship with your primary care doctor? Have you ever consulted with your doctor via video chat? Share your story with me at cfarr@kqed.org \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As an obstetrician, I have counseled countless patients on the benefits of breast-feeding to both mother and baby. But I breast-fed my daughter, Safiya, for only one month, and my son, Haider, for only one week. I was a breast-feeding failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My struggle with breast-feeding began immediately. After as easy a pregnancy and labor as I could ask for as a first-time mom, I was excited to begin bonding with my daughter. Safiya wasn't able to get a successful latch, but I knew she would soon figure it out. I put her to my breast every two hours until she would give up and fall asleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when we went home two days after Safiya's birth, she was still not nursing well, requiring me to pump breast milk and supplement with formula early on. I was a fourth-year medical student, and I had one month to study for the second of three exams required to obtain my medical license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I decided to pump exclusively and feed my pumped milk from a bottle. I pumped every hour to help increase my supply, storing the milk pumped on the odd hours, and feeding the milk pumped on the even hours. After each feeding, I supplemented with formula. In the hours from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., I studied between feedings, when the rest of my family was asleep. At 6 a.m., my mother-in-law, who had moved in with us to help with the baby, took Safiya and fed her stored milk and formula while I slept. At 10 a.m. I woke up and continued the cycle of pumping and feeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time I took my exam, I was exhausted and frustrated. Every minute the pump was attached to my body, Safiya was not. I could not enjoy the bonding that breast-feeding was supposed to offer and even began to resent Safiya for not being able to latch on better. I decided to stop pumping, and exclusively feed formula. While I felt relieved to live a more normal life, I continued to mourn the fact that I never experienced what it felt like to breast-feed my child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I became pregnant again, I was determined to succeed where I had failed before. I was a fourth-year resident in obstetrics and gynecology, and I knew so much more about breast-feeding. I was due in July, right after graduation, and would not start work until November. For four full months, my only job would be to breast-feed. I would not fall into the trap of supplementing with formula too early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My enthusiasm crumpled soon after delivery, however, when Haider had the same difficulty as Safiya. For every hour he spent at my breast, he latched for about one to two minutes. At 3 days old, he began to show signs of dehydration, with dry lips, weight loss and no wet diapers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I called Haider's pediatrician, who listened thoughtfully. She gently advised me that she was worried that Haider was becoming dangerously dehydrated, and that at this point, I should consider formula to be a medicine for him. We decided I would breast-feed for 20 to 30 minutes at each breast, then pump for 20 minutes at each breast and feed the pumped milk, then supplement with formula. I was to repeat this process every two hours. Sleeping did not fit into this equation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haider did start showing signs of improvement, but feeding him occupied every moment of the day. My husband and I had to send Safiya to my mother's house because we could not manage to look after her while trying to succeed at feeding Haider. We banned visitors, mostly because I could not manage to get through an entire hour without crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, I met with a lactation consultant. After working with us for an hour, she listed our diagnoses: retracting nipples, poor milk supply, tight \u003ca href=\"http://www.breastfeedingbasics.com/articles/tongue-tie\">frenulum\u003c/a>, poor latch, excessive infant weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I left feeling defeated. The mountain I had to climb to breast-feed seemed to get steeper and steeper. I began to despise every celebrity who posted a gorgeous picture of herself breast-feeding her child, every celebrity who called breast-feeding the most beautiful and natural thing in the world. I'm talking about you Olivia Wilde, Giselle, and Angelina Jolie! Sometimes breast-feeding is neither natural nor beautiful! Sometimes it is a heartbreaking and a painful struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an obstetrician, I had recommended exclusive breast-feeding to all my patients. Yet here I was, a complete failure. Not only did I feel like a bad mother, I also felt like a bad doctor; I could not even follow my own recommendation. I was resenting Haider, just as I had resented Safiya, for not being able to breast-feed. I was angry that my body was failing me, and I was failing my child. I missed Safiya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My pediatrician told me she would fully support me if I wanted to continue to breast-feed. Finally, she said, \"I also want you to know that if you want to stop breast-feeding, it's OK.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing I had heard for my entire pregnancy, and my entire training as an obstetrician for that matter, was how important breast-feeding was. I almost felt like I had been brainwashed into thinking breast-feeding was absolutely the only healthful way to feed my child. This was the first time I had ever heard that it was OK not to breast-feed. So on Haider's 1-week birthday, I decided to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do still sometimes mourn not having been able to breast-feed. But formula feeding allowed me to keep my family together, nourish my children and keep my sanity. It was the right choice for my family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recently saw a patient who was having trouble breast-feeding. I shared my own struggles and advised strategies that might help. Finally, I told her: If you decide to stop breast-feeding, let me give you permission to do so. You are no less a mother, and your child will be just fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I saw this patient again several months later. She told me how much my support meant to her and how it helped her come to terms with not being able to breast-feed. I hope that as health care providers, we can find a way to create encouraging and supportive environments for breast-feeding, while also supporting women who cannot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Maliha Sayla is an obstetrician-gynecologist at DuPage Health Specialists in Lisle, Ill. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=I%27m+An+Obstetrician+And+I+Failed+At+Breast-Feeding&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I became pregnant again, I was determined to succeed where I had failed before. I was a fourth-year resident in obstetrics and gynecology, and I knew so much more about breast-feeding. I was due in July, right after graduation, and would not start work until November. For four full months, my only job would be to breast-feed. I would not fall into the trap of supplementing with formula too early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My enthusiasm crumpled soon after delivery, however, when Haider had the same difficulty as Safiya. For every hour he spent at my breast, he latched for about one to two minutes. At 3 days old, he began to show signs of dehydration, with dry lips, weight loss and no wet diapers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I called Haider's pediatrician, who listened thoughtfully. She gently advised me that she was worried that Haider was becoming dangerously dehydrated, and that at this point, I should consider formula to be a medicine for him. We decided I would breast-feed for 20 to 30 minutes at each breast, then pump for 20 minutes at each breast and feed the pumped milk, then supplement with formula. I was to repeat this process every two hours. Sleeping did not fit into this equation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haider did start showing signs of improvement, but feeding him occupied every moment of the day. My husband and I had to send Safiya to my mother's house because we could not manage to look after her while trying to succeed at feeding Haider. We banned visitors, mostly because I could not manage to get through an entire hour without crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, I met with a lactation consultant. After working with us for an hour, she listed our diagnoses: retracting nipples, poor milk supply, tight \u003ca href=\"http://www.breastfeedingbasics.com/articles/tongue-tie\">frenulum\u003c/a>, poor latch, excessive infant weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I left feeling defeated. The mountain I had to climb to breast-feed seemed to get steeper and steeper. I began to despise every celebrity who posted a gorgeous picture of herself breast-feeding her child, every celebrity who called breast-feeding the most beautiful and natural thing in the world. I'm talking about you Olivia Wilde, Giselle, and Angelina Jolie! Sometimes breast-feeding is neither natural nor beautiful! Sometimes it is a heartbreaking and a painful struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an obstetrician, I had recommended exclusive breast-feeding to all my patients. Yet here I was, a complete failure. Not only did I feel like a bad mother, I also felt like a bad doctor; I could not even follow my own recommendation. I was resenting Haider, just as I had resented Safiya, for not being able to breast-feed. I was angry that my body was failing me, and I was failing my child. I missed Safiya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My pediatrician told me she would fully support me if I wanted to continue to breast-feed. Finally, she said, \"I also want you to know that if you want to stop breast-feeding, it's OK.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing I had heard for my entire pregnancy, and my entire training as an obstetrician for that matter, was how important breast-feeding was. I almost felt like I had been brainwashed into thinking breast-feeding was absolutely the only healthful way to feed my child. This was the first time I had ever heard that it was OK not to breast-feed. So on Haider's 1-week birthday, I decided to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do still sometimes mourn not having been able to breast-feed. But formula feeding allowed me to keep my family together, nourish my children and keep my sanity. It was the right choice for my family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recently saw a patient who was having trouble breast-feeding. I shared my own struggles and advised strategies that might help. Finally, I told her: If you decide to stop breast-feeding, let me give you permission to do so. You are no less a mother, and your child will be just fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I saw this patient again several months later. She told me how much my support meant to her and how it helped her come to terms with not being able to breast-feed. I hope that as health care providers, we can find a way to create encouraging and supportive environments for breast-feeding, while also supporting women who cannot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>John Oliver took a look at the state of sex ed in the United States and, not surprisingly found said education wanting. On Sunday's \"Last Week Tonight\" he spent 21 minutes taking on the lack of any standards in sex ed, lambasted abstinence-only curriculum and then delivered a celebrity-filled, sex-ed video of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most importantly, he showed how an opportunity is wasted to teach adolescents about consent. In one series of clips from an educational video, he found a teenage boy suggested sex, the girl said \"no,\" and the boy then wonders, \"Does that mean 'no' or 'yes'?\" The video then instructs the girl to say \"no\" more forcefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's good that that girl was being taught she has the power to say no,\" Oliver said, \"but nowhere in the video do they point out that that guy could have been a lot better at hearing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His educational video seems to get everything right -- anatomy, clear descriptions of how to put on a condom, the importance of consent and, yes, even that abstinence is OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It goes by many names: Delhi belly. Montezuma's revenge. The Aztec two-step. But doctors use one not-so-glamorous term: traveler's diarrhea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're visiting a place this summer with less than ideal sewage disposal — maybe a resort in Mexico or a village in Rajasthan — chances are your GI tract will give you trouble at least once ... maybe twice ... maybe continuously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are just about as many misconceptions and myths about \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/travelersdiarrhea_g.htm\" target=\"_blank\">traveler's diarrhea\u003c/a> as there are names for it. So we're here to try to set the record straight — or at least discuss what's known and not known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We dove into the literature and talked to two pioneers in the field to figure out what causes Montezuma to take revenge, what precautions might work and what to do when your tummy starts to rumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. I'm sick because the food has \"different\" bacteria in it that my GI tract isn't accustomed to. FALSE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hop on a red-eye flight from New York to New Delhi, and in 24 hours you'll literally have \"Delhi belly.\" About half the bacteria species in your gut will switch from those typically found in New Yorkers to those found in New Delhi residents, says Dr. Bradley Connor, who directs the New York Center for Travel And Tropical Medicine.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But that's not what makes you sick,\" Connor says. Those bacteria are the \"good guys.\" They're the bacteria that help you digest food and tune your immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problems arise when you accidentally pick up a \"bad guy\" — a pathogenic bacteria, Connor says. These bacteria would make you sick anywhere in the world, even here in the U.S. They're just more common in developing countries because they're found in raw sewage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, researchers in Finland \u003ca href=\"http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(13)00580-6/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">analyzed\u003c/a> stool samples from 96 travelers who had returned home from developing countries with GI problems. The team could identify the likely culprit(s) in three-quarters of the samples. The vast majority were some form of diarrhea-causing \u003cem>E. coli. \u003c/em>Some strains produce a molecule that literally tells your GI tract to leak water and chloride (hello, watery diarrhea). Others punch holes in your gut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses and parasites can also cause traveler's diarrhea, but they're much rarer, says Dr. David Shlim, president of the International Society of Travel Medicine and director of Jackson Hole Travel & Tropical Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Importantly, giardia, amoebas and other parasites don't typically show up in the first month of travel,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. If I keep eating the local cuisine for a month or so, I'll build up immunity to the bacteria. FALSE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shlim has spent 30 years studying travelers' illnesses in Nepal. He found that long-term trekkers and expats will eventually build up immunity to diarrhea-causing bacteria. But it takes years, not weeks or months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over a five-year period, your chances of coming down with diarrhea continue to drop,\" he says. \"And you get less severe cases. But nothing changes much for one to two years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why don't the locals get sick? They did — when they were kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young children in developing countries are frequently exposed to diarrhea-causing \u003cem>E. coli\u003c/em> and thus build up immunity to these strains during the first few years of life. These types of \u003cem>E. coli\u003c/em> are much rarer in the U.S., so kids here never become immune to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Washing my hands will keep me from getting sick. FALSE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, a quick wash with antibacterial soap will knock out bad \u003cem>E. coli\u003c/em>. But that's unlikely to cut your risk of getting sick, Shlim says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can never really be against hand-washing,\" he says. \"But the fact is that it usually takes a high quantity of bacteria, sometimes in the millions, to overcome your stomach acid. So just the random bacteria you get on your hands, I think, is unlikely to make you sick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. If I avoid certain types of foods, I won't get sick. MAYBE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major source of traveler's diarrhea is contaminated food and water at restaurants, Shlim says. Avoiding the bad water is easy — just buy bottled water, boil it or treat it yourself. But the food part is trickier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many travelers swear by the old saying \"boil it, cook it, peel it or forget it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientific studies don't really back it up. One \u003ca href=\"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/41/Supplement_8/S531.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> of seven studies didn't find a connection between getting bacterial diarrhea and eating raw vegetables or unpeeled fruits. But it did find a link between illness and foods that sat around at room temperature for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if a kitchen worker accidentally contaminates a lasagna or quiche — and the dish then stays warm for a while at a buffet — it can make you sick, even though it's been thoroughly cooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is usually poor hygiene in restaurants' kitchens, Shlim says. \"There may be a toilet in the kitchen and no place to wash hands. Or raw meat is chopped up on the same surface as fresh vegetables and fruit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is one strategy that seems to work, Shlim and Connor say: high temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the food is too hot for you to initially bite into right when it comes to your plate,\" Shlim says. \"That makes safe foods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, he says, getting sick often boils down to bad luck. You picked the wrong restaurant or even just took a bite of the wrong piece of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. If I get sick, I should take an antibiotic. MAYBE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, standard advice from travel clinics was clear-cut: Take a pack of Cipro on your trip and pop a pill at the first rumbles in your belly. Back in 2006, I was given that exact advice from a clinic in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the advice is a bit more nuanced. Travel doctors don't recommend taking antibiotics for mild or moderate cases of diarrhea — and definitely not as a preventive measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your body will naturally fight off bacterial diarrhea in three to seven days,\" Shlim says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you're running to the bathroom several times a day — or have bloody stools — then Shlim recommends a quick dose of antibiotics. \"You'll feel much better in six to 24 hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you don't need to take a full five-day regime, Shlim says. \"Most people will be cured with one day's treatment, either two doses of ciprofloxacin or a single does of azithromycin. The message is you can stop [taking the drug] when it is clear that you are starting to recover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One concern with travelers using antibiotics is the rise of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/04/02/396897770/drug-resistant-food-poisoning-lands-in-the-u-s\" target=\"_blank\">drug-resistant bacteria\u003c/a> around the world. Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/01/23/378919882/taking-antibiotics-during-travel-fosters-drug-resistant-germs\" target=\"_blank\">studies\u003c/a> have suggested that travelers may exacerbate the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Shlim says, compared to the widespread misuse of antibiotics in many developing countries, tourists' use of the drugs is a tiny drop in a vast ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think a traveler can go to India with more than a billion people in it, take an antibiotic and change the resistance pattern of the subcontinent,\" Shlim says. \"It's the pharmacy on every corner that gives out antibiotics for every illness that causes resistance, not tourists\" — not to mention the wide use of antibiotics in agriculture around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern about using antibiotics on vacation is that the drugs disrupt a healthy \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/172709084/microbiome\" target=\"_blank\">microbiome\u003c/a>. More research is needed to figure out if and how a brief dose of antibiotics alters the microbiome in the long run, Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+You+Protect+Your+Tummy+From+Traveler%27s+Diarrhea%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It goes by many names: Delhi belly. Montezuma's revenge. The Aztec two-step. But doctors use one not-so-glamorous term: traveler's diarrhea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're visiting a place this summer with less than ideal sewage disposal — maybe a resort in Mexico or a village in Rajasthan — chances are your GI tract will give you trouble at least once ... maybe twice ... maybe continuously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are just about as many misconceptions and myths about \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/travelersdiarrhea_g.htm\" target=\"_blank\">traveler's diarrhea\u003c/a> as there are names for it. So we're here to try to set the record straight — or at least discuss what's known and not known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We dove into the literature and talked to two pioneers in the field to figure out what causes Montezuma to take revenge, what precautions might work and what to do when your tummy starts to rumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. I'm sick because the food has \"different\" bacteria in it that my GI tract isn't accustomed to. FALSE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hop on a red-eye flight from New York to New Delhi, and in 24 hours you'll literally have \"Delhi belly.\" About half the bacteria species in your gut will switch from those typically found in New Yorkers to those found in New Delhi residents, says Dr. Bradley Connor, who directs the New York Center for Travel And Tropical Medicine.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But that's not what makes you sick,\" Connor says. Those bacteria are the \"good guys.\" They're the bacteria that help you digest food and tune your immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problems arise when you accidentally pick up a \"bad guy\" — a pathogenic bacteria, Connor says. These bacteria would make you sick anywhere in the world, even here in the U.S. They're just more common in developing countries because they're found in raw sewage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, researchers in Finland \u003ca href=\"http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(13)00580-6/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">analyzed\u003c/a> stool samples from 96 travelers who had returned home from developing countries with GI problems. The team could identify the likely culprit(s) in three-quarters of the samples. The vast majority were some form of diarrhea-causing \u003cem>E. coli. \u003c/em>Some strains produce a molecule that literally tells your GI tract to leak water and chloride (hello, watery diarrhea). Others punch holes in your gut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses and parasites can also cause traveler's diarrhea, but they're much rarer, says Dr. David Shlim, president of the International Society of Travel Medicine and director of Jackson Hole Travel & Tropical Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Importantly, giardia, amoebas and other parasites don't typically show up in the first month of travel,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. If I keep eating the local cuisine for a month or so, I'll build up immunity to the bacteria. FALSE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shlim has spent 30 years studying travelers' illnesses in Nepal. He found that long-term trekkers and expats will eventually build up immunity to diarrhea-causing bacteria. But it takes years, not weeks or months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over a five-year period, your chances of coming down with diarrhea continue to drop,\" he says. \"And you get less severe cases. But nothing changes much for one to two years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why don't the locals get sick? They did — when they were kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young children in developing countries are frequently exposed to diarrhea-causing \u003cem>E. coli\u003c/em> and thus build up immunity to these strains during the first few years of life. These types of \u003cem>E. coli\u003c/em> are much rarer in the U.S., so kids here never become immune to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Washing my hands will keep me from getting sick. FALSE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, a quick wash with antibacterial soap will knock out bad \u003cem>E. coli\u003c/em>. But that's unlikely to cut your risk of getting sick, Shlim says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can never really be against hand-washing,\" he says. \"But the fact is that it usually takes a high quantity of bacteria, sometimes in the millions, to overcome your stomach acid. So just the random bacteria you get on your hands, I think, is unlikely to make you sick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. If I avoid certain types of foods, I won't get sick. MAYBE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major source of traveler's diarrhea is contaminated food and water at restaurants, Shlim says. Avoiding the bad water is easy — just buy bottled water, boil it or treat it yourself. But the food part is trickier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many travelers swear by the old saying \"boil it, cook it, peel it or forget it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientific studies don't really back it up. One \u003ca href=\"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/41/Supplement_8/S531.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> of seven studies didn't find a connection between getting bacterial diarrhea and eating raw vegetables or unpeeled fruits. But it did find a link between illness and foods that sat around at room temperature for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if a kitchen worker accidentally contaminates a lasagna or quiche — and the dish then stays warm for a while at a buffet — it can make you sick, even though it's been thoroughly cooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is usually poor hygiene in restaurants' kitchens, Shlim says. \"There may be a toilet in the kitchen and no place to wash hands. Or raw meat is chopped up on the same surface as fresh vegetables and fruit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is one strategy that seems to work, Shlim and Connor say: high temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the food is too hot for you to initially bite into right when it comes to your plate,\" Shlim says. \"That makes safe foods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, he says, getting sick often boils down to bad luck. You picked the wrong restaurant or even just took a bite of the wrong piece of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. If I get sick, I should take an antibiotic. MAYBE.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, standard advice from travel clinics was clear-cut: Take a pack of Cipro on your trip and pop a pill at the first rumbles in your belly. Back in 2006, I was given that exact advice from a clinic in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the advice is a bit more nuanced. Travel doctors don't recommend taking antibiotics for mild or moderate cases of diarrhea — and definitely not as a preventive measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your body will naturally fight off bacterial diarrhea in three to seven days,\" Shlim says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you're running to the bathroom several times a day — or have bloody stools — then Shlim recommends a quick dose of antibiotics. \"You'll feel much better in six to 24 hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you don't need to take a full five-day regime, Shlim says. \"Most people will be cured with one day's treatment, either two doses of ciprofloxacin or a single does of azithromycin. The message is you can stop [taking the drug] when it is clear that you are starting to recover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One concern with travelers using antibiotics is the rise of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/04/02/396897770/drug-resistant-food-poisoning-lands-in-the-u-s\" target=\"_blank\">drug-resistant bacteria\u003c/a> around the world. Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/01/23/378919882/taking-antibiotics-during-travel-fosters-drug-resistant-germs\" target=\"_blank\">studies\u003c/a> have suggested that travelers may exacerbate the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Shlim says, compared to the widespread misuse of antibiotics in many developing countries, tourists' use of the drugs is a tiny drop in a vast ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think a traveler can go to India with more than a billion people in it, take an antibiotic and change the resistance pattern of the subcontinent,\" Shlim says. \"It's the pharmacy on every corner that gives out antibiotics for every illness that causes resistance, not tourists\" — not to mention the wide use of antibiotics in agriculture around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern about using antibiotics on vacation is that the drugs disrupt a healthy \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/172709084/microbiome\" target=\"_blank\">microbiome\u003c/a>. More research is needed to figure out if and how a brief dose of antibiotics alters the microbiome in the long run, Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+You+Protect+Your+Tummy+From+Traveler%27s+Diarrhea%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The federal government shares a fair amount of online data about hospitals and nursing homes, but it's probably a good bet that average consumers aren't spending a lot of time there or even know of its existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, millions of people visit Yelp to read and share reviews about a plethora of businesses. On Wednesday, the review site \u003ca href=\"http://officialblog.yelp.com/2015/08/yelps-consumer-protection-initiative-propublica-partnership-brings-medical-info-to-yelp.html\" target=\"_blank\">launched \u003c/a>a smart new feature. It will present hard data on health care, including things like average ER wait time, quality of a doctor's communication, fines paid by nursing homes and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new effort is part of a partnership between Yelp and ProPublica, an investigative news service based in New York. ProPublica is known for attacking giant data sets and streamlining them for easy use by consumers. In its most recent project, \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/surgeons/\" target=\"_blank\">Surgeon Scorecard\u003c/a>, reporters used Medicare data to determine death and complication rates for many surgeons and compiled their results into a publicly searchable database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, Yelp is primarily known for helping consumers find and review restaurants or bars, but Luther Lowe, vice president for public policy at Yelp, says that in 2004 \"the genesis question that started the company was 'How do you find a great doctor online?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health reviews make up 6 percent of Yelp's business,\" he says. And with this added data, that may well grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We view this partnership with ProPublica, and other work we've done pulling in helpful data, as providing information for consumers in a helpful context\" and at a critical decision-making point, Lowe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica's assistant managing editor, Scott Klein, called these kinds of partnerships a \"mission critical role\" for the Pulitzer Prize-winning organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is very much in our mission to get this data in front of as many people as we can,\" Klein said. \"And when they're at Yelp, they're at a really great pivot point that they're using to make health care choices. We think our information can inform that choice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nursing home data come from ProPublica, and the hospital/dialysis center measures come from CMS. ProPublica helped point Yelp to the specific measures Yelp has added to its health care reviews:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nursing Homes\u003c/strong> (\u003ca href=\"http://projects.propublica.org/nursing-homes/\">propublica.org\u003c/a> data):\u003c/p>\n\u003cul style=\"text-align: left\">\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Number of beds\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Fines paid over the past three years\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Number of serious deficiencies over the past three years\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Denials of payment for new admissions over the past three years\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hospitals \u003c/strong> (\u003cspan class=\"\">\u003ca class=\"\" href=\"http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html\">medicare.gov\u003c/a> data):\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul style=\"text-align: left\">\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Average ER wait time\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Quality of doctor communication, vs. state average\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">If the rooms are quiet at night, vs. state average\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dialysis Clinics\u003c/strong> (\u003cspan class=\"\">\u003ca class=\"\" href=\"http://www.medicare.gov/dialysisfacilitycompare/\">medicare.gov\u003c/a> data):\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">Number of dialysis stations\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">If they supply peritoneal dialysis\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">Rate of patient hospitalization, vs. standard\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">Rate of hospital readmission, vs. standard\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">Rate of patient survival, vs. standard\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In California, consumers could already look up plenty of specific metrics in health care at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calqualitycare.org\" target=\"_blank\">CalQualityCare.org\u003c/a>, a service of the California HealthCare Foundation. But Maribeth Shannon with the foundation was anything but jealous when she heard about Yelp's move into the space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was very excited it was out there,\" she said enthusiastically. \"For a long time, we've been anxious to get these types of measures onto websites that consumers use anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there were at least a few bumps on launch day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried to compare ER waiting times at different Bay Area hospitals, but most hospitals that came up on Yelp did not display it. The only one I could find during several minutes of searching was this one for San Francisco's California Pacific Medical Center. (\"ER Wait Time\" shown at lower right, 24 minutes.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-57340\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-08-05 at 3.49.46 PM\" width=\"1025\" height=\"743\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM.png 1025w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM-400x290.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM-800x580.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM-960x696.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1025px) 100vw, 1025px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jake Bograd-Denton, Yelp's product lead for the new service, said there were some technical problems, but that there should be steady improvement this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon said she was puzzled by some of the measures that were chosen, especially pointing to the hospital measure about room noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're very 'customer servicey' measures instead of clinical care measures ... like patient safety,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But overall, she applauded Yelp's new effort. Both ProPublica's Klein and Lowe of Yelp say this is only the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would love to get as much of ProPublica's data into Yelp as possible,\" Lowe said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The federal government shares a fair amount of online data about hospitals and nursing homes, but it's probably a good bet that average consumers aren't spending a lot of time there or even know of its existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, millions of people visit Yelp to read and share reviews about a plethora of businesses. On Wednesday, the review site \u003ca href=\"http://officialblog.yelp.com/2015/08/yelps-consumer-protection-initiative-propublica-partnership-brings-medical-info-to-yelp.html\" target=\"_blank\">launched \u003c/a>a smart new feature. It will present hard data on health care, including things like average ER wait time, quality of a doctor's communication, fines paid by nursing homes and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new effort is part of a partnership between Yelp and ProPublica, an investigative news service based in New York. ProPublica is known for attacking giant data sets and streamlining them for easy use by consumers. In its most recent project, \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/surgeons/\" target=\"_blank\">Surgeon Scorecard\u003c/a>, reporters used Medicare data to determine death and complication rates for many surgeons and compiled their results into a publicly searchable database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, Yelp is primarily known for helping consumers find and review restaurants or bars, but Luther Lowe, vice president for public policy at Yelp, says that in 2004 \"the genesis question that started the company was 'How do you find a great doctor online?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health reviews make up 6 percent of Yelp's business,\" he says. And with this added data, that may well grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We view this partnership with ProPublica, and other work we've done pulling in helpful data, as providing information for consumers in a helpful context\" and at a critical decision-making point, Lowe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica's assistant managing editor, Scott Klein, called these kinds of partnerships a \"mission critical role\" for the Pulitzer Prize-winning organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is very much in our mission to get this data in front of as many people as we can,\" Klein said. \"And when they're at Yelp, they're at a really great pivot point that they're using to make health care choices. We think our information can inform that choice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nursing home data come from ProPublica, and the hospital/dialysis center measures come from CMS. ProPublica helped point Yelp to the specific measures Yelp has added to its health care reviews:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nursing Homes\u003c/strong> (\u003ca href=\"http://projects.propublica.org/nursing-homes/\">propublica.org\u003c/a> data):\u003c/p>\n\u003cul style=\"text-align: left\">\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Number of beds\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Fines paid over the past three years\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Number of serious deficiencies over the past three years\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Denials of payment for new admissions over the past three years\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hospitals \u003c/strong> (\u003cspan class=\"\">\u003ca class=\"\" href=\"http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html\">medicare.gov\u003c/a> data):\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul style=\"text-align: left\">\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Average ER wait time\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">Quality of doctor communication, vs. state average\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan class=\"\">If the rooms are quiet at night, vs. state average\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dialysis Clinics\u003c/strong> (\u003cspan class=\"\">\u003ca class=\"\" href=\"http://www.medicare.gov/dialysisfacilitycompare/\">medicare.gov\u003c/a> data):\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">Number of dialysis stations\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">If they supply peritoneal dialysis\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">Rate of patient hospitalization, vs. standard\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">Rate of hospital readmission, vs. standard\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan class=\"\">Rate of patient survival, vs. standard\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In California, consumers could already look up plenty of specific metrics in health care at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calqualitycare.org\" target=\"_blank\">CalQualityCare.org\u003c/a>, a service of the California HealthCare Foundation. But Maribeth Shannon with the foundation was anything but jealous when she heard about Yelp's move into the space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was very excited it was out there,\" she said enthusiastically. \"For a long time, we've been anxious to get these types of measures onto websites that consumers use anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there were at least a few bumps on launch day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried to compare ER waiting times at different Bay Area hospitals, but most hospitals that came up on Yelp did not display it. The only one I could find during several minutes of searching was this one for San Francisco's California Pacific Medical Center. (\"ER Wait Time\" shown at lower right, 24 minutes.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-57340\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-08-05 at 3.49.46 PM\" width=\"1025\" height=\"743\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM.png 1025w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM-400x290.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM-800x580.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-05-at-3.49.46-PM-960x696.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1025px) 100vw, 1025px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jake Bograd-Denton, Yelp's product lead for the new service, said there were some technical problems, but that there should be steady improvement this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon said she was puzzled by some of the measures that were chosen, especially pointing to the hospital measure about room noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're very 'customer servicey' measures instead of clinical care measures ... like patient safety,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But overall, she applauded Yelp's new effort. Both ProPublica's Klein and Lowe of Yelp say this is only the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would love to get as much of ProPublica's data into Yelp as possible,\" Lowe said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Frustrated Looking for a Doctor? These Websites Aim to Help",
"title": "Frustrated Looking for a Doctor? These Websites Aim to Help",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/blogs/health/2015/07/29/18052/looking-for-a-doctor-word-of-mouth-data-both-helpf/\">This post originally appeared on KPCC's consumer health blog, Impatient.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Sarah Rothbard recently started a new job. That meant switching insurance plans and finding a primary care doctor in her network that she liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that proved to be a challenging task, even though she took a textbook approach to finding a doctor:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>She tried asking friends for recommendations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When that didn't work, she went to the website of her insurance company, Aetna, and searched for in-network doctors near her home or work.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>She checked out where the doctors went to medical school and when they graduated, and cross-referenced this information with online reviews.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a pretty meticulous planner, so when I plan a vacation, I'll Google it, then I'll ask friends and I'll also go to TripAdvisor,\" Rothbard, 31, says. \"I thought I would do this kind of thing for finding a doctor and it didn't really work out that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21572\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 736px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-21572\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full-736x600.jpg\" alt=\"Looking for the right doctor can be a frustrating procces\" width=\"736\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full-736x600.jpg 736w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full-400x326.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full-960x783.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking for the right doctor can be a frustrating process \u003ccite>(Sybren Stüvel via Flickr Creative Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She eventually selected a doctor based on her research, but after visiting his office, she decided he was not the right fit for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Data \"Inadequate\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a high-quality primary care doctor that you like and is covered by your insurance is a challenge. That's even true for other doctors, admits Dr. Bob Wachter, professor and interim chairman of the UC San Francisco Department of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the data that are available to patients to help them make these decisions are really inadequate,\" Wachter says. He adds that he runs a department of some 700 doctors and \"even in my position, I don't have any great way of figuring out who's really good at what they do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That being said, Wachter says there are some basic things to do when searching for a high-quality doctor:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check whether the doctor went through reputable training programs\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure the doctor is board-certified in his or her specialty\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check online review sites, but take the feedback with a grain of salt.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"There are doctors who have wonderful bedside manner and get terrific reviews and yet are dangerous,\" Wachter cautions. \"And there are other doctors who are a little bit grumpy, who are really terrific technically at surgery or cognitively.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're looking at the online reviews, chances are you're really getting a snapshot into their bedside manner, which is clearly important but not the only thing you care about.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports also offers \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2014/09/how-to-choose-a-doctor/index.htm\">these tips\u003c/a> for finding a doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Websites Offer More Data \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rothbard and Wachter are not alone in this struggle. In fact, it's spurred the development of at least two startup companies that aim to empower patients to connect with high quality, in-network doctors that they like and trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through \u003ca href=\"https://www.zocdoc.com/\">ZocDoc\u003c/a>, you can search for a type of doctor, filtered by zip code and your insurance carrier. A list of doctors pops up; you can then click on their individual profiles to get information about their medical education, hospital affiliations, board certifications and which insurance plans they accept. You can also see how other ZocDoc users reviewed the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another cool thing about ZocDoc: You can book an appointment with a doctor through the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"https://betterdoctor.com/\">BetterDoctor\u003c/a>, you can search for doctors by specialty and location. Again, a list of doctors pops up; you can check out their individual profiles to learn about their medical education and specialties, as well as patients' Yelp reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Why should it be that I get more information about buying a car or a refrigerator than trying to find a doctor for my cancer or my heart disease?\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Bob Wachter, professor and interim chairman of the UC San Francisco Department of Medicine.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The site also integrates data from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cms.gov/\">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services\u003c/a> regarding how often other physicians refer patients to this particular doctor and how often the doctor performs certain procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Wachter to look at both sites and he liked what he saw. He called the emergence of sites like these a \"healthy trend\" toward making quality and safety data more accessible to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Why should it be that I get more information about buying a car or a refrigerator than trying to find a doctor for my cancer or my heart disease,\" Wachter says. \"It's crazy but it's changing very, very quickly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Word-of-Mouth Trumps All'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back to my friend Sarah Rothbard: Not satisfied with the doctor she had selected, she went back to the drawing board. This time, she got a recommendation from one of her new colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're overwhelmed, word-of-mouth trumps all,\" says Rothbard, noting that she hasn't yet visited the new physician. \"I think when it comes to finding a doctor, it pretty quickly becomes overwhelming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ran this idea by Ari Tulla, co-founder and CEO of BetterDoctor. He says his site provides a sort of second opinion during the doctor search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a huge believer of peer recommendations and word-of-mouth,\" Tulla says. \"I think BetterDoctor and other tools are good at augmenting it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Have you had trouble finding a doctor or specialist that you like? What strategies have you used to find a doctor? Tell me all about it in the comments section below or e-mail me at Impatient@scpr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/blogs/health/2015/07/29/18052/looking-for-a-doctor-word-of-mouth-data-both-helpf/\">This post originally appeared on KPCC's consumer health blog, Impatient.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Sarah Rothbard recently started a new job. That meant switching insurance plans and finding a primary care doctor in her network that she liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that proved to be a challenging task, even though she took a textbook approach to finding a doctor:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>She tried asking friends for recommendations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When that didn't work, she went to the website of her insurance company, Aetna, and searched for in-network doctors near her home or work.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>She checked out where the doctors went to medical school and when they graduated, and cross-referenced this information with online reviews.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a pretty meticulous planner, so when I plan a vacation, I'll Google it, then I'll ask friends and I'll also go to TripAdvisor,\" Rothbard, 31, says. \"I thought I would do this kind of thing for finding a doctor and it didn't really work out that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21572\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 736px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-21572\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full-736x600.jpg\" alt=\"Looking for the right doctor can be a frustrating procces\" width=\"736\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full-736x600.jpg 736w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full-400x326.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full-960x783.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/109389-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking for the right doctor can be a frustrating process \u003ccite>(Sybren Stüvel via Flickr Creative Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She eventually selected a doctor based on her research, but after visiting his office, she decided he was not the right fit for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Data \"Inadequate\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a high-quality primary care doctor that you like and is covered by your insurance is a challenge. That's even true for other doctors, admits Dr. Bob Wachter, professor and interim chairman of the UC San Francisco Department of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the data that are available to patients to help them make these decisions are really inadequate,\" Wachter says. He adds that he runs a department of some 700 doctors and \"even in my position, I don't have any great way of figuring out who's really good at what they do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That being said, Wachter says there are some basic things to do when searching for a high-quality doctor:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check whether the doctor went through reputable training programs\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure the doctor is board-certified in his or her specialty\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check online review sites, but take the feedback with a grain of salt.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"There are doctors who have wonderful bedside manner and get terrific reviews and yet are dangerous,\" Wachter cautions. \"And there are other doctors who are a little bit grumpy, who are really terrific technically at surgery or cognitively.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're looking at the online reviews, chances are you're really getting a snapshot into their bedside manner, which is clearly important but not the only thing you care about.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports also offers \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2014/09/how-to-choose-a-doctor/index.htm\">these tips\u003c/a> for finding a doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Websites Offer More Data \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rothbard and Wachter are not alone in this struggle. In fact, it's spurred the development of at least two startup companies that aim to empower patients to connect with high quality, in-network doctors that they like and trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through \u003ca href=\"https://www.zocdoc.com/\">ZocDoc\u003c/a>, you can search for a type of doctor, filtered by zip code and your insurance carrier. A list of doctors pops up; you can then click on their individual profiles to get information about their medical education, hospital affiliations, board certifications and which insurance plans they accept. You can also see how other ZocDoc users reviewed the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another cool thing about ZocDoc: You can book an appointment with a doctor through the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"https://betterdoctor.com/\">BetterDoctor\u003c/a>, you can search for doctors by specialty and location. Again, a list of doctors pops up; you can check out their individual profiles to learn about their medical education and specialties, as well as patients' Yelp reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Why should it be that I get more information about buying a car or a refrigerator than trying to find a doctor for my cancer or my heart disease?\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Bob Wachter, professor and interim chairman of the UC San Francisco Department of Medicine.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The site also integrates data from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cms.gov/\">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services\u003c/a> regarding how often other physicians refer patients to this particular doctor and how often the doctor performs certain procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Wachter to look at both sites and he liked what he saw. He called the emergence of sites like these a \"healthy trend\" toward making quality and safety data more accessible to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Why should it be that I get more information about buying a car or a refrigerator than trying to find a doctor for my cancer or my heart disease,\" Wachter says. \"It's crazy but it's changing very, very quickly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Word-of-Mouth Trumps All'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back to my friend Sarah Rothbard: Not satisfied with the doctor she had selected, she went back to the drawing board. This time, she got a recommendation from one of her new colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're overwhelmed, word-of-mouth trumps all,\" says Rothbard, noting that she hasn't yet visited the new physician. \"I think when it comes to finding a doctor, it pretty quickly becomes overwhelming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ran this idea by Ari Tulla, co-founder and CEO of BetterDoctor. He says his site provides a sort of second opinion during the doctor search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a huge believer of peer recommendations and word-of-mouth,\" Tulla says. \"I think BetterDoctor and other tools are good at augmenting it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Have you had trouble finding a doctor or specialist that you like? What strategies have you used to find a doctor? Tell me all about it in the comments section below or e-mail me at Impatient@scpr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Do you roam city sidewalks with your nose buried in your phone, oblivious to what's going on around you? If so, you may want to look up and start paying attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texting while walking decreases the ability to walk in a straight line and slows down pace significantly, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133281\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published Wednesday in \u003cem>PLOS ONE\u003c/em>. But this gait change may not be as dangerous as it sounds, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hypothesized that more people would trip,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.bath.ac.uk/health/staff/conrad-earnest/\" target=\"_blank\">Conrad Earnest\u003c/a>, an exercise scientist at Texas A&M University who studied people while walking and texting. \"But nobody tripped and that's surprising; people actually slowed down and engaged in a more protective or cautious walking pattern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, Earnest noticed that people who text and walk tend to weave around, almost as if drunk. This change of gait got him wondering: What's the effect of being distracted with a mobile phone while walking?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, he and two students created an obstacle course that mimics city pathways. There were curb-like steps, stairs, a platform to step on and off of, and traffic posts and dummies to maneuver past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty people were recruited to make their way through the course three times. In the first instance, participants walked the course undistracted and without a phone. They texted during the second walk-through. In the third scenario, they texted and used an app to solve basic math problems. Thirteen nearby cameras captured the participants' movements and collected motion data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After analyzing the data, the research team found that people took significantly longer to complete the course while using a phone. While they tended to deviate from the path, text walkers didn't trip or bump into anything. They also lifted their feet higher to clear steps. When they were walking without distractions, for example, participants cleared the curb by about 3.7 inches. But when using their phones, they would raise their feet higher to about 4.37 inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That suggests they were being more careful to make sure they cleared the step,\" Earnest says. He adds that people could be slowing down to avoid potential accidents while they're distracted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.uab.edu/cas/psychology/psy-fac/33-primary-faculty/66-dr-david-c-schwebel\" target=\"_blank\">David Schwebel\u003c/a>, a professor at University of Alabama at Birmingham, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the participants recognized that their brain was overloaded and to protect themselves, became more cautious and slowed down to make it safer,\" says Schwebel, who was not involved with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he does not advocate texting while walking. His own \u003ca href=\"http://www.uab.edu/news/latest/item/1555-unplug-from-mobile-devices-to-cross-the-street-safely\" target=\"_blank\">research\u003c/a> has shown that pedestrians who are distracted with their phones are more likely to be in traffic accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and regional planner \u003ca href=\"http://knowlton.osu.edu/people/nasar\" target=\"_blank\">Jack Nasar\u003c/a>, on the other hand, does not believe a slower pace implies more caution. He thinks it simply proves that text walkers are having trouble multitasking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nasar, a professor emeritus at The Ohio State University who was not involved with the study, points to his own research on pedestrians using phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000145750700070X\">experiment\u003c/a>, Nasar found that people on cell phones are 48 percent more likely to walk unsafely into oncoming traffic. Another \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000145751300119X\">study\u003c/a> showed that injuries of pedestrians on phones more than doubled between 2004 and 2010. In fact, in 2010, the number of pedestrian injuries while texting exceeded the number of texting and driving injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pedestrians using cell phones are getting hurt, and that suggests they're not being cautious,\" Nasar says. \"If they were being cautious, they wouldn't be getting injured.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether text walkers are being careful or not, the general consensus seems to be: Don't do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite his findings, Earnest says people should pocket their phones and just enjoy the walk at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Texting+While+Walking%3A+Are+You+Cautious+Or+Clueless%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Do you roam city sidewalks with your nose buried in your phone, oblivious to what's going on around you? If so, you may want to look up and start paying attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texting while walking decreases the ability to walk in a straight line and slows down pace significantly, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133281\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published Wednesday in \u003cem>PLOS ONE\u003c/em>. But this gait change may not be as dangerous as it sounds, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hypothesized that more people would trip,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.bath.ac.uk/health/staff/conrad-earnest/\" target=\"_blank\">Conrad Earnest\u003c/a>, an exercise scientist at Texas A&M University who studied people while walking and texting. \"But nobody tripped and that's surprising; people actually slowed down and engaged in a more protective or cautious walking pattern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, Earnest noticed that people who text and walk tend to weave around, almost as if drunk. This change of gait got him wondering: What's the effect of being distracted with a mobile phone while walking?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, he and two students created an obstacle course that mimics city pathways. There were curb-like steps, stairs, a platform to step on and off of, and traffic posts and dummies to maneuver past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty people were recruited to make their way through the course three times. In the first instance, participants walked the course undistracted and without a phone. They texted during the second walk-through. In the third scenario, they texted and used an app to solve basic math problems. Thirteen nearby cameras captured the participants' movements and collected motion data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After analyzing the data, the research team found that people took significantly longer to complete the course while using a phone. While they tended to deviate from the path, text walkers didn't trip or bump into anything. They also lifted their feet higher to clear steps. When they were walking without distractions, for example, participants cleared the curb by about 3.7 inches. But when using their phones, they would raise their feet higher to about 4.37 inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That suggests they were being more careful to make sure they cleared the step,\" Earnest says. He adds that people could be slowing down to avoid potential accidents while they're distracted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.uab.edu/cas/psychology/psy-fac/33-primary-faculty/66-dr-david-c-schwebel\" target=\"_blank\">David Schwebel\u003c/a>, a professor at University of Alabama at Birmingham, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the participants recognized that their brain was overloaded and to protect themselves, became more cautious and slowed down to make it safer,\" says Schwebel, who was not involved with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he does not advocate texting while walking. His own \u003ca href=\"http://www.uab.edu/news/latest/item/1555-unplug-from-mobile-devices-to-cross-the-street-safely\" target=\"_blank\">research\u003c/a> has shown that pedestrians who are distracted with their phones are more likely to be in traffic accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and regional planner \u003ca href=\"http://knowlton.osu.edu/people/nasar\" target=\"_blank\">Jack Nasar\u003c/a>, on the other hand, does not believe a slower pace implies more caution. He thinks it simply proves that text walkers are having trouble multitasking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nasar, a professor emeritus at The Ohio State University who was not involved with the study, points to his own research on pedestrians using phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000145750700070X\">experiment\u003c/a>, Nasar found that people on cell phones are 48 percent more likely to walk unsafely into oncoming traffic. Another \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000145751300119X\">study\u003c/a> showed that injuries of pedestrians on phones more than doubled between 2004 and 2010. In fact, in 2010, the number of pedestrian injuries while texting exceeded the number of texting and driving injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pedestrians using cell phones are getting hurt, and that suggests they're not being cautious,\" Nasar says. \"If they were being cautious, they wouldn't be getting injured.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether text walkers are being careful or not, the general consensus seems to be: Don't do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite his findings, Earnest says people should pocket their phones and just enjoy the walk at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Texting+While+Walking%3A+Are+You+Cautious+Or+Clueless%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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