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"title": "Guess What's Showing Up in Our Shellfish? One Word: Plastics",
"headTitle": "Guess What’s Showing Up in Our Shellfish? One Word: Plastics | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Sarah Dudas doesn’t mind shucking an oyster or a clam in the name of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sit down with her and a plate of oysters on the half-shell or a bucket of steamed Manila clams, and she’ll probably point out a bivalve’s gonads or remark on its fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are comments I make at dinner parties,” she said. “I’ve spent too much time doing dissections. I’ve done too many spawnings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lately, the shellfish biologist is making other unappetizing comments to her dinner party guests — about plastics in those shellfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, she and her students at Vancouver Island University planted thousands of clams and oysters across coastal British Columbia and let them soak in the sand and saltwater of the Strait of Georgia. Three months later, they dissolved hundreds of them with chemicals, filtered out the biodegradable matter and looked at the remaining material under a microscope. Inside this Pacific Northwest culinary staple, they found a rainbow of little plastic particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1078\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shellfish biologist Sarah Dudas works with an oyster specimen at her Vancouver Island University lab. \u003ccite>(Ken Christensen/KCTS Television)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So when you eat clams and oysters, you’re eating plastics as well,” Dudas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funded by the Canadian government and British Columbia’s shellfish trade association, the project aimed to learn whether the shellfish aquaculture industry may be contaminating its own crop by using plastic infrastructure like nets, buoys and ropes. The experiment was a response to those claims by \u003ca href=\"https://adimsblog.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/microplastic-article.pdf\">local environmental groups\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tracking the origins of tiny plastic particles in a big ocean is new territory. So Dudas turned to Peter Ross, who has studied the effects of ocean pollution on sea life for 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve long known that plastic and debris can be a problem for ocean life,” says Ross, director of the Vancouver Aquarium’s Ocean Pollution Research Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, he began sampling the coast of British Columbia for microplastics. The researchers found up to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13007741\">9,200 particles of microplastic per cubic meter\u003c/a> of seawater — about the equivalent of emptying a salt shaker into a large moving box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2448px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2448\" height=\"1375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822.jpg 2448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-1920x1078.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2448px) 100vw, 2448px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The majority of microplastic particles found in Dudas’ samples consist of microscopic synthetic fibers. \u003ccite>(Ken Christensen/KCTS Television)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So, large numbers,” Ross says. “Rather shocking numbers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found plastics that were made small, like the polystyrene beads sold as \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Fairfield-Poly-Fil-Micro-Beads-20-Ounce/dp/B001DTOH8S\">bean bag filler\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000XZY0OY/ref=asc_df_B000XZY0OY5165111/?tag=hyprod-20&creative=395033&creativeASIN=B000XZY0OY&linkCode=df0&hvadid=194013412954&hvpos=1o1&hvnetw=g&hvrand=14387442267544610200&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9033313&hvtargid=pla-314745397104\">fake snow\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://vancouverisland.ctvnews.ca/b-c-librarian-says-nurdles-washing-up-on-beaches-is-cause-for-concern-1.3311057\">nurdles\u003c/a>, the hard resin pellets used as a raw material for other plastic products. Microbeads, common in \u003ca href=\"http://www.beatthemicrobead.org/product-lists/\">toothpaste and face wash\u003c/a>, were also present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the majority of microplastics in Ross’ samples resembled those showing up in Dudas’ shellfish. They’re showing up by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2017/06/29/uw-oceanography-senior-finds-plastic-microfibers-are-common-on-puget-sound-beaches/\">thousands along Puget Sound’s shorelines\u003c/a>, too. They’re microfibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s overwhelmingly fibers,” Ross says. “And they’re being readily consumed at the bottom of the food chain, in zooplankton.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research is adding to the evidence of a problem that touches every corner of the planet: from the depths of the \u003ca href=\"http://onemoregeneration.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Microplastic-pollution-in-deep-sea-sediments.pdf\">ocean abyss\u003c/a> to the surface waters of the Arctic to an area in the middle of the Pacific Ocean now known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Scientists think plastic pollution in the ocean could \u003ca href=\"http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_New_Plastics_Economy.pdf\">outweigh the fish there\u003c/a> by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nb7tbfjYu3o\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross believes that locating the source of microfibers will help slow that trend. So lately, his science lab is looking more like a crime lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detective work begins under a microscope. Researchers study a petri dish that looks like an \u003ca href=\"http://www6.miami.edu/lowe/exhibition/walter-wick.html\">I Spy book\u003c/a> — a white background strewn with small colorful items. They note each particle’s size, shape and color and zoom in to study its appearance: the way a fiber drapes across the dish or frays at its tip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If particles pass the eye test, they advance to a machine called the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a fancy forensic machine used at police stations,” Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine scans individual particles with infrared light and generates a line graph on a nearby computer. Then the program cross-references that graph with a global database of other squiggly lines. One piece of fabric pulls up a list of probable matches — fibers with names like Zeftron 500 and Wonder Thread. They’re types of nylon. Other fibers bring up generic and commercial names for olefin and polyester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data can’t pinpoint a fiber’s exact source, but taken in aggregate can point to larger trends about the presence of microplastic pollution in the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, the research is underlining the fact that many of the fibers ending up in the ocean are starting their journey much closer to home — probably in your home laundry machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor gear manufacturer Patagonia found that the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.6b03045\">average synthetic jacket releases 1.7 grams\u003c/a> of microfibers per load of laundry. Each load may generate \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/sep/27/washing-clothes-releases-water-polluting-fibres-study-finds\">hundreds of thousands of fibers\u003c/a>, which can slip through filters on washing machines and wastewater treatment plants and eventually make their way into ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fabrics are degrading over time and getting flushed out into the water system,” says Jeff Crook, chief product officer at Mountain Equipment Co-op, one of Canada’s biggest outdoor retailers. The Vancouver-based co-op paid $50,000 to support Ross’ effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improved filters may be one way to stop ocean-bound microfibers, Crook says, but he’s looking to Ross’ data for other information, like whether some types of fibers are ending up in the ocean more than others. The data could help start a conversation about creating industry-wide standards around fiber shedding, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more information we have, the more we can go back and tinker and improve the materials,” Crook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others note that the world consumes hundreds of millions of tons of plastic annually — like food packaging and straws. Dudas said that, while she is finding that farmed shellfish don’t contain any more plastic than nonfarmed shellfish, she has no doubt that nets and ropes from shellfish aquaculture sites also shed fibers into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My fear is that we have a latent reservoir of these products that could become our future supply of microplastics,” Ross says. “And they’ll in turn be ingested by zooplankton and move up into the food chain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we be concerned that we’re part of that food chain?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That research is ongoing, Dudas says, but the answer likely will depend on how much we consume. The clams and oysters in Dudas’ study contained an average of eight microplastic particles each, preliminary results show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some indications that those plastics can act as vectors for chemical pollutants and pathogens, and other researchers are studying whether plastics leave the human body after being eaten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When in doubt, ask a shellfish biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t be overly concerned about eating shellfish specifically,” Dudas said. “Microplastics are everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://kcts9.org/programs/earthfix/how-much-plastic-do-you-want-in-your-oysters-and-clams\">\u003cem>story\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> comes to us from \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://kcts9.org/\">\u003cem>KCTS9\u003c/em>\u003c/a> \u003cem>and\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.info/\">EarthFix\u003c/a>, \u003cem>an environmental journalism collaboration led by Oregon Public Broadcasting in partnership with five other public media stations in Oregon, Washington and Idaho.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 EarthFix. To see more, visit \u003ca>EarthFix\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Guess+What%27s+Showing+Up+In+Our+Shellfish%3F+One+Word%3A+Plastics&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists predict that plastic in the ocean will eventually outweigh the fish there. Where is it all coming from? And is it making our food unsafe? Researchers are trying to find the answers.",
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"description": "Scientists predict that plastic in the ocean will eventually outweigh the fish there. Where is it all coming from? And is it making our food unsafe? Researchers are trying to find the answers.",
"title": "Guess What's Showing Up in Our Shellfish? One Word: Plastics | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sarah Dudas doesn’t mind shucking an oyster or a clam in the name of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sit down with her and a plate of oysters on the half-shell or a bucket of steamed Manila clams, and she’ll probably point out a bivalve’s gonads or remark on its fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are comments I make at dinner parties,” she said. “I’ve spent too much time doing dissections. I’ve done too many spawnings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And lately, the shellfish biologist is making other unappetizing comments to her dinner party guests — about plastics in those shellfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, she and her students at Vancouver Island University planted thousands of clams and oysters across coastal British Columbia and let them soak in the sand and saltwater of the Strait of Georgia. Three months later, they dissolved hundreds of them with chemicals, filtered out the biodegradable matter and looked at the remaining material under a microscope. Inside this Pacific Northwest culinary staple, they found a rainbow of little plastic particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1078\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastics-fine-cut.00_00_22_01.still005-1_custom-7588e3d0ab0f1dc039e01ccbf6e473aa14c83702-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shellfish biologist Sarah Dudas works with an oyster specimen at her Vancouver Island University lab. \u003ccite>(Ken Christensen/KCTS Television)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So when you eat clams and oysters, you’re eating plastics as well,” Dudas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funded by the Canadian government and British Columbia’s shellfish trade association, the project aimed to learn whether the shellfish aquaculture industry may be contaminating its own crop by using plastic infrastructure like nets, buoys and ropes. The experiment was a response to those claims by \u003ca href=\"https://adimsblog.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/microplastic-article.pdf\">local environmental groups\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tracking the origins of tiny plastic particles in a big ocean is new territory. So Dudas turned to Peter Ross, who has studied the effects of ocean pollution on sea life for 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve long known that plastic and debris can be a problem for ocean life,” says Ross, director of the Vancouver Aquarium’s Ocean Pollution Research Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, he began sampling the coast of British Columbia for microplastics. The researchers found up to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13007741\">9,200 particles of microplastic per cubic meter\u003c/a> of seawater — about the equivalent of emptying a salt shaker into a large moving box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2448px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2448\" height=\"1375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822.jpg 2448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-1920x1078.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/image_47225-1_custom-d99a7890c022334e8b52bb2f90d5873dc3aa9822-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2448px) 100vw, 2448px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The majority of microplastic particles found in Dudas’ samples consist of microscopic synthetic fibers. \u003ccite>(Ken Christensen/KCTS Television)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So, large numbers,” Ross says. “Rather shocking numbers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found plastics that were made small, like the polystyrene beads sold as \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Fairfield-Poly-Fil-Micro-Beads-20-Ounce/dp/B001DTOH8S\">bean bag filler\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000XZY0OY/ref=asc_df_B000XZY0OY5165111/?tag=hyprod-20&creative=395033&creativeASIN=B000XZY0OY&linkCode=df0&hvadid=194013412954&hvpos=1o1&hvnetw=g&hvrand=14387442267544610200&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9033313&hvtargid=pla-314745397104\">fake snow\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://vancouverisland.ctvnews.ca/b-c-librarian-says-nurdles-washing-up-on-beaches-is-cause-for-concern-1.3311057\">nurdles\u003c/a>, the hard resin pellets used as a raw material for other plastic products. Microbeads, common in \u003ca href=\"http://www.beatthemicrobead.org/product-lists/\">toothpaste and face wash\u003c/a>, were also present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the majority of microplastics in Ross’ samples resembled those showing up in Dudas’ shellfish. They’re showing up by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2017/06/29/uw-oceanography-senior-finds-plastic-microfibers-are-common-on-puget-sound-beaches/\">thousands along Puget Sound’s shorelines\u003c/a>, too. They’re microfibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s overwhelmingly fibers,” Ross says. “And they’re being readily consumed at the bottom of the food chain, in zooplankton.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research is adding to the evidence of a problem that touches every corner of the planet: from the depths of the \u003ca href=\"http://onemoregeneration.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Microplastic-pollution-in-deep-sea-sediments.pdf\">ocean abyss\u003c/a> to the surface waters of the Arctic to an area in the middle of the Pacific Ocean now known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Scientists think plastic pollution in the ocean could \u003ca href=\"http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_New_Plastics_Economy.pdf\">outweigh the fish there\u003c/a> by 2050.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/nb7tbfjYu3o'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/nb7tbfjYu3o'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Ross believes that locating the source of microfibers will help slow that trend. So lately, his science lab is looking more like a crime lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detective work begins under a microscope. Researchers study a petri dish that looks like an \u003ca href=\"http://www6.miami.edu/lowe/exhibition/walter-wick.html\">I Spy book\u003c/a> — a white background strewn with small colorful items. They note each particle’s size, shape and color and zoom in to study its appearance: the way a fiber drapes across the dish or frays at its tip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If particles pass the eye test, they advance to a machine called the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a fancy forensic machine used at police stations,” Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine scans individual particles with infrared light and generates a line graph on a nearby computer. Then the program cross-references that graph with a global database of other squiggly lines. One piece of fabric pulls up a list of probable matches — fibers with names like Zeftron 500 and Wonder Thread. They’re types of nylon. Other fibers bring up generic and commercial names for olefin and polyester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data can’t pinpoint a fiber’s exact source, but taken in aggregate can point to larger trends about the presence of microplastic pollution in the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, the research is underlining the fact that many of the fibers ending up in the ocean are starting their journey much closer to home — probably in your home laundry machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor gear manufacturer Patagonia found that the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.6b03045\">average synthetic jacket releases 1.7 grams\u003c/a> of microfibers per load of laundry. Each load may generate \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/sep/27/washing-clothes-releases-water-polluting-fibres-study-finds\">hundreds of thousands of fibers\u003c/a>, which can slip through filters on washing machines and wastewater treatment plants and eventually make their way into ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fabrics are degrading over time and getting flushed out into the water system,” says Jeff Crook, chief product officer at Mountain Equipment Co-op, one of Canada’s biggest outdoor retailers. The Vancouver-based co-op paid $50,000 to support Ross’ effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improved filters may be one way to stop ocean-bound microfibers, Crook says, but he’s looking to Ross’ data for other information, like whether some types of fibers are ending up in the ocean more than others. The data could help start a conversation about creating industry-wide standards around fiber shedding, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more information we have, the more we can go back and tinker and improve the materials,” Crook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others note that the world consumes hundreds of millions of tons of plastic annually — like food packaging and straws. Dudas said that, while she is finding that farmed shellfish don’t contain any more plastic than nonfarmed shellfish, she has no doubt that nets and ropes from shellfish aquaculture sites also shed fibers into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My fear is that we have a latent reservoir of these products that could become our future supply of microplastics,” Ross says. “And they’ll in turn be ingested by zooplankton and move up into the food chain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we be concerned that we’re part of that food chain?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That research is ongoing, Dudas says, but the answer likely will depend on how much we consume. The clams and oysters in Dudas’ study contained an average of eight microplastic particles each, preliminary results show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some indications that those plastics can act as vectors for chemical pollutants and pathogens, and other researchers are studying whether plastics leave the human body after being eaten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When in doubt, ask a shellfish biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t be overly concerned about eating shellfish specifically,” Dudas said. “Microplastics are everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://kcts9.org/programs/earthfix/how-much-plastic-do-you-want-in-your-oysters-and-clams\">\u003cem>story\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> comes to us from \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://kcts9.org/\">\u003cem>KCTS9\u003c/em>\u003c/a> \u003cem>and\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.info/\">EarthFix\u003c/a>, \u003cem>an environmental journalism collaboration led by Oregon Public Broadcasting in partnership with five other public media stations in Oregon, Washington and Idaho.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 EarthFix. To see more, visit \u003ca>EarthFix\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Guess+What%27s+Showing+Up+In+Our+Shellfish%3F+One+Word%3A+Plastics&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author",
"headTitle": "Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes this month have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs, who for 26 years, headed the UC Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences, has advised state and local governments in California to plan for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>6 inches of sea rise by 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>12 inches by 2050, and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>36 inches (3 feet) by 2100\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Griggs spoke with KQED Science Editor Craig Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller: Let’s put that in some perspective, because this seems to be the problem with trying to get people to engage with sea level rise — that it is a sort of slow-motion train wreck. Six inches by 2030 might not sound like a lot. What would that actually look like in a place like the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gary Griggs: There are places now that are already what has been called nuisance flooding, but it’s really high tides: these El Niños, when sea level can rise a foot or two over two or three month at a time, or a king tide when it can be six inches or so higher than normal, or the combination of storm waves and high tides. The sea level is a ramp that all these are on top of, so everything’s going to get progressively worse as we go on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: I find it interesting that you say “progressively,” because seas are rising faster now than they used to.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: Yeah. The last century was, along the California coast, maybe seven or eight inches. Right now, the rate is just about twice that high. The last 20-plus years we’ve been measuring sea level from space through satellites. Previously, it was done by averaging global tide gauges, and some of those the land is going up, some of those it’s going down. Now that we’re measuring it very precisely from space, which takes out the land component, the rates are maybe 13 and-a-half inches per century, or roughly twice as fast as it was, say in the last century. That’s significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2550px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915668 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\" alt=\"Map shows estimated extend of flooding with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise.\" width=\"2550\" height=\"3300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg 2550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-160x207.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-800x1035.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-768x994.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1020x1320.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1920x2485.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1180x1527.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-960x1242.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-240x311.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-375x485.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-520x673.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows estimated extent of flooding around San Francisco Bay with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise. \u003ccite>(BCDC via UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Okay, so we now have Miami, where people are wading around certain streets, not just after Hurricane Irma but anytime there’s a high tide. How long before that’s the case on the Embarcadero in San Francisco?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We could see much more problematic conditions by 2030, in 10 or 15 years. But again we’re on this curve, and the rate of increase is not completely known. What’s going to happen to Antarctica — which is where the biggest amount of potential rise is — where you have these massive glaciers or ice sheets, but they’re held in place by these floating ice shelves. They’re starting to crack and break loose. That then, is like taking the cork out of the champagne bottle, so a big pulse could happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: The Bay Area may be the exception. We’ve seen some ambitious initiatives, and even a new tax recently, to prepare for encroaching seas. But do you think that Northern California as a whole is paying enough attention to this threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, as I look around the country and I see what’s happening in places like Florida, North Carolina, where you either outlaw it or don’t talk about it, I’d say we’re way ahead. I think the fact that that tax passed [Measure AA in 2016] is a good indication of people’s awareness and concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think talking about it is one thing, and getting something done is a much bigger step. The Bay has somewhere between 400 and 500 miles of shoreline. What many people don’t realize is, from the Golden Gate all the way to Sacramento — which is sea level because Sacramento’s an ocean port — it’s 100 miles inland. So not only is the Embarcadero a problem, but we’ve got a problem 100 miles inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Well, there’s a lot of critical infrastructure — airports, freeways, treatment plants — sitting almost right at sea level, with no place to move them really. What do we do about those? Are we looking at a future of ever rising sea walls?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, that’s the solution we’ve used in the short term. I think if you look at something like San Francisco International or Oakland, they weren’t thinking about sea level rise. You can imagine a levee or a wall for a while, but at some point that doesn’t work anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915609\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 667px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915609\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg\" alt=\"Griggs' book, "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge," takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution.\" width=\"667\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg 667w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-240x360.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-375x562.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-520x780.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Griggs’ book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge,” takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution. \u003ccite>(UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We also have most of our power plants around the Bay which are right at sea level, to pump in cold sea water for cooling. Those are not a parking lot or a bike trail, they are multi-million dollar facilities, and there are dozens and dozens of those. I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: If there’s one big takeaway from your book that you want to get out there, what would it be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it. I think traditionally what we’ve done — and we’re still doing now — is, whenever a conflict comes up, we draw a line and you get on that side and I get on this side and we punch it out. I think what we have to do is come to the realization finally that it’s a circle and we’re all inside of it.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The recent repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, \"Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.\"",
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"title": "Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes this month have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs, who for 26 years, headed the UC Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences, has advised state and local governments in California to plan for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>6 inches of sea rise by 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>12 inches by 2050, and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>36 inches (3 feet) by 2100\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Griggs spoke with KQED Science Editor Craig Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller: Let’s put that in some perspective, because this seems to be the problem with trying to get people to engage with sea level rise — that it is a sort of slow-motion train wreck. Six inches by 2030 might not sound like a lot. What would that actually look like in a place like the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gary Griggs: There are places now that are already what has been called nuisance flooding, but it’s really high tides: these El Niños, when sea level can rise a foot or two over two or three month at a time, or a king tide when it can be six inches or so higher than normal, or the combination of storm waves and high tides. The sea level is a ramp that all these are on top of, so everything’s going to get progressively worse as we go on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: I find it interesting that you say “progressively,” because seas are rising faster now than they used to.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: Yeah. The last century was, along the California coast, maybe seven or eight inches. Right now, the rate is just about twice that high. The last 20-plus years we’ve been measuring sea level from space through satellites. Previously, it was done by averaging global tide gauges, and some of those the land is going up, some of those it’s going down. Now that we’re measuring it very precisely from space, which takes out the land component, the rates are maybe 13 and-a-half inches per century, or roughly twice as fast as it was, say in the last century. That’s significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2550px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915668 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\" alt=\"Map shows estimated extend of flooding with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise.\" width=\"2550\" height=\"3300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg 2550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-160x207.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-800x1035.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-768x994.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1020x1320.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1920x2485.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1180x1527.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-960x1242.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-240x311.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-375x485.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-520x673.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows estimated extent of flooding around San Francisco Bay with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise. \u003ccite>(BCDC via UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Okay, so we now have Miami, where people are wading around certain streets, not just after Hurricane Irma but anytime there’s a high tide. How long before that’s the case on the Embarcadero in San Francisco?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We could see much more problematic conditions by 2030, in 10 or 15 years. But again we’re on this curve, and the rate of increase is not completely known. What’s going to happen to Antarctica — which is where the biggest amount of potential rise is — where you have these massive glaciers or ice sheets, but they’re held in place by these floating ice shelves. They’re starting to crack and break loose. That then, is like taking the cork out of the champagne bottle, so a big pulse could happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: The Bay Area may be the exception. We’ve seen some ambitious initiatives, and even a new tax recently, to prepare for encroaching seas. But do you think that Northern California as a whole is paying enough attention to this threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, as I look around the country and I see what’s happening in places like Florida, North Carolina, where you either outlaw it or don’t talk about it, I’d say we’re way ahead. I think the fact that that tax passed [Measure AA in 2016] is a good indication of people’s awareness and concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think talking about it is one thing, and getting something done is a much bigger step. The Bay has somewhere between 400 and 500 miles of shoreline. What many people don’t realize is, from the Golden Gate all the way to Sacramento — which is sea level because Sacramento’s an ocean port — it’s 100 miles inland. So not only is the Embarcadero a problem, but we’ve got a problem 100 miles inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Well, there’s a lot of critical infrastructure — airports, freeways, treatment plants — sitting almost right at sea level, with no place to move them really. What do we do about those? Are we looking at a future of ever rising sea walls?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, that’s the solution we’ve used in the short term. I think if you look at something like San Francisco International or Oakland, they weren’t thinking about sea level rise. You can imagine a levee or a wall for a while, but at some point that doesn’t work anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915609\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 667px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915609\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg\" alt=\"Griggs' book, "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge," takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution.\" width=\"667\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg 667w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-240x360.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-375x562.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-520x780.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Griggs’ book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge,” takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution. \u003ccite>(UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We also have most of our power plants around the Bay which are right at sea level, to pump in cold sea water for cooling. Those are not a parking lot or a bike trail, they are multi-million dollar facilities, and there are dozens and dozens of those. I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: If there’s one big takeaway from your book that you want to get out there, what would it be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it. I think traditionally what we’ve done — and we’re still doing now — is, whenever a conflict comes up, we draw a line and you get on that side and I get on this side and we punch it out. I think what we have to do is come to the realization finally that it’s a circle and we’re all inside of it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "design-teams-attack-growing-threat-for-bay-area-flooding-rising-seas",
"title": "Design Teams Attack Growing Threat for Bay Area Flooding: Rising Seas",
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"content": "\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/09/ScienceResilientDesignMiller170911.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Design Teams Attack Growing Threat for Bay Area Flooding: Rising Seas\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/IMG_6520.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten teams of experts will hit the ground this week in a yearlong blitz to bolster the Bay Area against rising seas and other potentially catastrophic risks posed by the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, dubbed \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/\">Resilient by Design\u003c/a>, was inspired by a similar planning challenge to rebuild east coast locations ravaged by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/13/world/americas/hurricane-sandy-fast-facts/index.html\">“Superstorm” Sandy\u003c/a> in October of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve realized that our current systems aren’t set up to address what we know is happening,” says Amanda Brown-Stevens, a land use advocate who is heading up the project. “So we want the teams to think outside the box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘In this country we tend to focus on disaster relief — putting in a lot of money after disasters happen. We don’t invest a lot in preparing for the future.’\u003ccite>Amanda Brown-Stevens, Resilient by Design\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The teams — some with nerdy-but-clever names like “Public Sediment” — comprise multi-disciplinary experts from local institutions and as far away as Australia. The final 10 teams were winnowed down from 51 that applied to be part of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s gonna be a very intense couple months,” says \u003ca href=\"https://caffeet.wordpress.com/claire-bonham-carter-director-of-sustainable-development-design-planning-aecom/\">Claire Bonham-Carter\u003c/a>, a member of one of the winning teams, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-all-bay-collective/\">All Bay Collective\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With funding from the Rockefeller Foundation and others, teams will spend the next several weeks touring potential flooding hotspots, from San Leandro’s wastewater treatment plant, to Highway 37, the thin strand of road that connects Marin County with points east, at the north end of the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from communities where each of the sites are located will be in on the ground floor, essentially presenting the teams with some of their most worrisome trouble spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”BoTlVcMONah8EcWl4ucfY0IgBmFJg6Dc”]Then the teams will go to work on creative solutions to protect those areas from future flood threats, “knowing that storm surges are getting stronger and flooding is getting more pervasive and then making sure teams are also thinking about seismic vulnerabilities, which are also exacerbated in theses storms,” as Brown-Stevens envisions it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have advised public planners to prepare for sea levels 18-24 inches higher by mid-century and perhaps four feet higher by 2100. But even at current levels, last winter’s relentless storms and high tides exposed local vulnerabilities. At least five times last winter, Caltrans had to close all or part of Highway 37 because of flooding from heavy rains. At the height of the season, overflowing reservoirs threatened tens of thousands in Santa Clara and Butte Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time international design teams have converged on the Bay Area to attack the problem of rising seas. Nearly ten years ago, the state’s Bay Conservation and Development Commission sponsored the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aiacc.org/2016/11/10/rising-tides-international-competition/\">Rising Tides\u003c/a> design competition, but none of the ideas were actually implemented. Resilient by Design organizers are hoping that this time will be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915498\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 598px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915498\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"598\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044.jpg 598w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044-240x149.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044-375x233.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044-520x323.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flooding on Highway 37 last February shut down this road through Novato for about two weeks. \u003ccite>(Caltrans)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re really hoping that at the end of this process we’ll have ten incredible, innovative and implementable designs that are set up for success,” says Brown-Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Set up for success” doesn’t necessarily mean funded, but organizers say the teams will have access to financial advisors and be ready with practical funding approaches by the end of the challenge, next May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A director of sustainable development with the international design firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.aecom.com/us/about-aecom/\">AECOM\u003c/a>, Bonham-Carter is still feeling the competitive edge from the team selection round. Asked if she has a dream project in mind, she replies, “That would be giving away the crown jewels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and teammate \u003ca href=\"https://www.cca.edu/academics/faculty/janettekim\">Janette Kim\u003c/a>, assistant professor of architecture at the California College of the Arts, both say they’re excited by the inclusive approach the competition is taking, involving communities in the actual design process, rather than leaving the task to experts and then asking communities to approve and fund it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking for big ideas that are grounded in a path to implementation,” says Brown-Stevens. With an eye to recent disasters in Texas and the Southeastern U.S., she adds, “In this country we tend to focus on disaster relief — putting in a lot of money after disasters happen. We don’t invest a lot in preparing for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the program pans out as organizers hope, that paradigm might be in for a big shift.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten teams of experts will hit the ground this week in a yearlong blitz to bolster the Bay Area against rising seas and other potentially catastrophic risks posed by the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, dubbed \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/\">Resilient by Design\u003c/a>, was inspired by a similar planning challenge to rebuild east coast locations ravaged by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/13/world/americas/hurricane-sandy-fast-facts/index.html\">“Superstorm” Sandy\u003c/a> in October of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve realized that our current systems aren’t set up to address what we know is happening,” says Amanda Brown-Stevens, a land use advocate who is heading up the project. “So we want the teams to think outside the box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘In this country we tend to focus on disaster relief — putting in a lot of money after disasters happen. We don’t invest a lot in preparing for the future.’\u003ccite>Amanda Brown-Stevens, Resilient by Design\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The teams — some with nerdy-but-clever names like “Public Sediment” — comprise multi-disciplinary experts from local institutions and as far away as Australia. The final 10 teams were winnowed down from 51 that applied to be part of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s gonna be a very intense couple months,” says \u003ca href=\"https://caffeet.wordpress.com/claire-bonham-carter-director-of-sustainable-development-design-planning-aecom/\">Claire Bonham-Carter\u003c/a>, a member of one of the winning teams, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-all-bay-collective/\">All Bay Collective\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With funding from the Rockefeller Foundation and others, teams will spend the next several weeks touring potential flooding hotspots, from San Leandro’s wastewater treatment plant, to Highway 37, the thin strand of road that connects Marin County with points east, at the north end of the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from communities where each of the sites are located will be in on the ground floor, essentially presenting the teams with some of their most worrisome trouble spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Then the teams will go to work on creative solutions to protect those areas from future flood threats, “knowing that storm surges are getting stronger and flooding is getting more pervasive and then making sure teams are also thinking about seismic vulnerabilities, which are also exacerbated in theses storms,” as Brown-Stevens envisions it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have advised public planners to prepare for sea levels 18-24 inches higher by mid-century and perhaps four feet higher by 2100. But even at current levels, last winter’s relentless storms and high tides exposed local vulnerabilities. At least five times last winter, Caltrans had to close all or part of Highway 37 because of flooding from heavy rains. At the height of the season, overflowing reservoirs threatened tens of thousands in Santa Clara and Butte Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time international design teams have converged on the Bay Area to attack the problem of rising seas. Nearly ten years ago, the state’s Bay Conservation and Development Commission sponsored the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aiacc.org/2016/11/10/rising-tides-international-competition/\">Rising Tides\u003c/a> design competition, but none of the ideas were actually implemented. Resilient by Design organizers are hoping that this time will be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915498\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 598px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915498\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"598\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044.jpg 598w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044-240x149.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044-375x233.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Hwy-37-Flooding-Feb-8-2017-044-520x323.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flooding on Highway 37 last February shut down this road through Novato for about two weeks. \u003ccite>(Caltrans)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re really hoping that at the end of this process we’ll have ten incredible, innovative and implementable designs that are set up for success,” says Brown-Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Set up for success” doesn’t necessarily mean funded, but organizers say the teams will have access to financial advisors and be ready with practical funding approaches by the end of the challenge, next May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A director of sustainable development with the international design firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.aecom.com/us/about-aecom/\">AECOM\u003c/a>, Bonham-Carter is still feeling the competitive edge from the team selection round. Asked if she has a dream project in mind, she replies, “That would be giving away the crown jewels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and teammate \u003ca href=\"https://www.cca.edu/academics/faculty/janettekim\">Janette Kim\u003c/a>, assistant professor of architecture at the California College of the Arts, both say they’re excited by the inclusive approach the competition is taking, involving communities in the actual design process, rather than leaving the task to experts and then asking communities to approve and fund it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking for big ideas that are grounded in a path to implementation,” says Brown-Stevens. With an eye to recent disasters in Texas and the Southeastern U.S., she adds, “In this country we tend to focus on disaster relief — putting in a lot of money after disasters happen. We don’t invest a lot in preparing for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the program pans out as organizers hope, that paradigm might be in for a big shift.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why Do Fish Eat Our Trash? Because It Smells Yummy",
"headTitle": "Why Do Fish Eat Our Trash? Because It Smells Yummy | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have been trying to figure out why fish that normally eat algae are eating the plastic particles that float in the ocean. Those tiny fragments absorb chemicals like PCBs and DDT, and the average person in the U.S. eats about \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/faqs/faq_aq_101.html#6howmuch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">15.8 pounds of fish and shellfish\u003c/a> a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are trying to determine whether humans are eating fish contaminated with toxic chemicals, and are looking at the feeding behavior of fish as part of that work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/284/1860/20171000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new study\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Davis\u003c/a>, researchers tested wild-caught anchovies and discovered the fish actually use smell to find food. Published recently in \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/284/1860/20171000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences\u003c/a>, the study is the first to document this foraging behavior in anchovies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914610\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914610\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anchovy cluster toward the side of a research tank after smelling plastic trash. \u003ccite>(Matthew Savoca)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Study author and ecologist Matthew Savoca, who is now at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>, says the fish didn’t mistake clean plastic for food, only plastic covered in algae. The algae makes the trash smell like something to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This plastic probably looks attractive to these animals as well as potentially smelling attractive,” Savoca says. “Animals like anchovy or sea birds aren’t the only animals that make decisions based off multiple senses; I mean, \u003cem>we\u003c/em> do this all the time, right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former UC Davis grad student says the animals’ reactions to algae-covered plastic were quick and pronounced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“When the fish were responding—both to the odors of their food and the odors of marine plastic—their response was so obvious, that was kind of surprising,” says Savoca.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the fish changed their swimming behavior and moved toward the algal smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Savoca says scientists don’t yet know how much plastic or how much toxic exposure humans might get from eating fish. But he says the reason for concern is that chemicals get more concentrated as they move up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study follows two other UC Davis reports revealing that sea birds \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/why-do-seabirds-eat-plastic-answer-stinks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eat plastic because it smells good\u003c/a> and that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/plastic-dinner-quarter-fish-sold-markets-contain-human-made-debris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a quarter of fish sampled\u003c/a> from California and Indonesian markets contained trash in their intestines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no proven way to completely rid the ocean of plastic debris (although \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du5d5PUrH0I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one man is trying\u003c/a>). So the best way to reduce plastic in fish is to stop it from polluting the ocean in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have been trying to figure out why fish that normally eat algae are eating the plastic particles that float in the ocean. Those tiny fragments absorb chemicals like PCBs and DDT, and the average person in the U.S. eats about \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/faqs/faq_aq_101.html#6howmuch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">15.8 pounds of fish and shellfish\u003c/a> a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are trying to determine whether humans are eating fish contaminated with toxic chemicals, and are looking at the feeding behavior of fish as part of that work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/284/1860/20171000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new study\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Davis\u003c/a>, researchers tested wild-caught anchovies and discovered the fish actually use smell to find food. Published recently in \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/284/1860/20171000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences\u003c/a>, the study is the first to document this foraging behavior in anchovies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914610\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914610\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Anchovy-after-plastic-debris-odor-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anchovy cluster toward the side of a research tank after smelling plastic trash. \u003ccite>(Matthew Savoca)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Study author and ecologist Matthew Savoca, who is now at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>, says the fish didn’t mistake clean plastic for food, only plastic covered in algae. The algae makes the trash smell like something to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This plastic probably looks attractive to these animals as well as potentially smelling attractive,” Savoca says. “Animals like anchovy or sea birds aren’t the only animals that make decisions based off multiple senses; I mean, \u003cem>we\u003c/em> do this all the time, right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former UC Davis grad student says the animals’ reactions to algae-covered plastic were quick and pronounced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“When the fish were responding—both to the odors of their food and the odors of marine plastic—their response was so obvious, that was kind of surprising,” says Savoca.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the fish changed their swimming behavior and moved toward the algal smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Savoca says scientists don’t yet know how much plastic or how much toxic exposure humans might get from eating fish. But he says the reason for concern is that chemicals get more concentrated as they move up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study follows two other UC Davis reports revealing that sea birds \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/why-do-seabirds-eat-plastic-answer-stinks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eat plastic because it smells good\u003c/a> and that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/plastic-dinner-quarter-fish-sold-markets-contain-human-made-debris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a quarter of fish sampled\u003c/a> from California and Indonesian markets contained trash in their intestines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no proven way to completely rid the ocean of plastic debris (although \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du5d5PUrH0I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one man is trying\u003c/a>). So the best way to reduce plastic in fish is to stop it from polluting the ocean in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Algae-Poisoned Sea Lions Inundate Marine Mammal Center",
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"content": "\u003cp>Beached Sea lions are turning up on California’s central coast with domoic acid poisoning, an affliction associated with marine algae blooms. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> in Sausalito has admitted 68 sea lions into its veterinary hospital since July 1\u003csup>st\u003c/sup>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That many animals in such a pretty short time period is a severe event,” says Cara Field, staff veterinarian at the Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity-2017.html\">Domoic acid\u003c/a> is a neurotoxin, which is a byproduct of algae blooms that crop up in coastal marine waters throughout the year, especially during the summer months. The noxious compounds are eaten by anchovies and sardines which are then consumed by sea lions and other marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PalzkxjilU&feature=youtu.be]\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Countdown the sea lion is head-weaving which is a telltale sign of domoic acid poisoning. After being admitted to the Marine Mammal Center, she was able to make a full recovery and was released on August 8th at Point Reyes National Seashore. (Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The symptoms of poisoning are neurological, including tremors and convulsions, which can affect immediate survival or cause long-term brain damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally sea lions spend a lot of time foraging for food and swimming around,” Field explains. “If they accumulate this bio-toxin, they can have a seizure in the water, drown or be eaten. Often they end up on shore where they may have seizures on the beach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a cascading effect of this poisoning in the sea lion community, explains Field, because most of the animals currently affected are lactating mothers with offspring that are dependent on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bad prognosis for the pups,” says Field, “because they’re not getting fed or they’re getting stranded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, sea lions are not an at-risk species and Field says their populations are stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our rescue teams were…working all day and all night, collecting animals and bringing them in for treatment’\u003ccite>Cara Field, Marine Mammal Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The number of affected sea lions is up since last year. A total of 89 animals have been treated so far this year, compared with 70 last year. However, in years with the biggest algae blooms, such as 2014-2015, numbers of affected animals were well above 200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marine Mammal Center started tracking sea lion domoic acid poisoning in 1998, and since then, has seen these events evolve from being a summer-only problem, to a year-round one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afflicted sea lions often display abnormal behaviors including head waving and wobbling, disorientation and a general lack of responsiveness. If you see a sea lion on the beach, Field advises you not to approach it. Instead call the center’s 24-hour \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/what-we-do/rescue/report-a-stranded-marine-mammal.html\">hotline\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>July was a busy month for the hotline. Some days, up to 10 sea lions were reported, many from San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rescue teams were in that area working all day and all night, collecting animals and bringing them in for treatment,” says Field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914659\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-%C2%AC-The-Marine-Mammal-Center.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center.jpg 4032w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spoodle was rescued on July 19th at Oceano Dunes in San Luis Obispo. She made a full recovery and was released on August 9th at Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003ccite>(Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once animals are brought to the center, they are treated with anti-seizure medicine and given time to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the northern California coast, the primary cause of marine algae blooms are natural factors such as \u003ca href=\"http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02quest/background/upwelling/upwelling.html\">ocean upwelling of nutrient-rich water\u003c/a> combined with warm ocean temperatures. Blooms are also fed by polluted runoff from agriculture and other human activity, and are projected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other animals such as dolphins, Guadalupe fur seals, northern fur seals and southern sea otters are also affected by the toxin.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beached Sea lions are turning up on California’s central coast with domoic acid poisoning, an affliction associated with marine algae blooms. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> in Sausalito has admitted 68 sea lions into its veterinary hospital since July 1\u003csup>st\u003c/sup>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That many animals in such a pretty short time period is a severe event,” says Cara Field, staff veterinarian at the Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity-2017.html\">Domoic acid\u003c/a> is a neurotoxin, which is a byproduct of algae blooms that crop up in coastal marine waters throughout the year, especially during the summer months. The noxious compounds are eaten by anchovies and sardines which are then consumed by sea lions and other marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-PalzkxjilU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-PalzkxjilU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Countdown the sea lion is head-weaving which is a telltale sign of domoic acid poisoning. After being admitted to the Marine Mammal Center, she was able to make a full recovery and was released on August 8th at Point Reyes National Seashore. (Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The symptoms of poisoning are neurological, including tremors and convulsions, which can affect immediate survival or cause long-term brain damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally sea lions spend a lot of time foraging for food and swimming around,” Field explains. “If they accumulate this bio-toxin, they can have a seizure in the water, drown or be eaten. Often they end up on shore where they may have seizures on the beach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a cascading effect of this poisoning in the sea lion community, explains Field, because most of the animals currently affected are lactating mothers with offspring that are dependent on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bad prognosis for the pups,” says Field, “because they’re not getting fed or they’re getting stranded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, sea lions are not an at-risk species and Field says their populations are stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our rescue teams were…working all day and all night, collecting animals and bringing them in for treatment’\u003ccite>Cara Field, Marine Mammal Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The number of affected sea lions is up since last year. A total of 89 animals have been treated so far this year, compared with 70 last year. However, in years with the biggest algae blooms, such as 2014-2015, numbers of affected animals were well above 200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marine Mammal Center started tracking sea lion domoic acid poisoning in 1998, and since then, has seen these events evolve from being a summer-only problem, to a year-round one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afflicted sea lions often display abnormal behaviors including head waving and wobbling, disorientation and a general lack of responsiveness. If you see a sea lion on the beach, Field advises you not to approach it. Instead call the center’s 24-hour \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/what-we-do/rescue/report-a-stranded-marine-mammal.html\">hotline\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>July was a busy month for the hotline. Some days, up to 10 sea lions were reported, many from San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rescue teams were in that area working all day and all night, collecting animals and bringing them in for treatment,” says Field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914659\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-%C2%AC-The-Marine-Mammal-Center.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center.jpg 4032w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/4.-CSL_Spoodle_in-rehab_-¬-The-Marine-Mammal-Center-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spoodle was rescued on July 19th at Oceano Dunes in San Luis Obispo. She made a full recovery and was released on August 9th at Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003ccite>(Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once animals are brought to the center, they are treated with anti-seizure medicine and given time to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the northern California coast, the primary cause of marine algae blooms are natural factors such as \u003ca href=\"http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02quest/background/upwelling/upwelling.html\">ocean upwelling of nutrient-rich water\u003c/a> combined with warm ocean temperatures. Blooms are also fed by polluted runoff from agriculture and other human activity, and are projected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other animals such as dolphins, Guadalupe fur seals, northern fur seals and southern sea otters are also affected by the toxin.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The number of whales becoming entangled in fishing gear off the West Coast this year is on pace to meet or surpass last year’s record, federal officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justin Viezbicke, marine mammal stranding coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in California, said there are three driving forces behind the surge in whale entanglements in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have increased presence of whales, increased fishing pressures, and better reporting, it all adds up to us seeing what we’ve been seeing,” he told KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, NOAA logged 71 reports of whale entanglements off the entire West Coast, according to NOAA’s annual survey. Fifty-two of those were off California. Viezbicke said so far this year, they’ve received about 30 reports off the West Coast and 20 reports off California alone. That’s double the number of whales spotted between 2000 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re mostly gray whales and humpback whales that get trapped in crab fishing lines. Viezbicke says the gear can restrict their movement, making it hard for them to dive below the surface and feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t get that gear off of that animal, or the animal can’t shake it off on their own, it’s going to die,” Viezbicke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whale in Crescent City videotaped by Ben Lester with Oregon State University became entangled in a fishing line in late July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ej2QDUojVr8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viezbicke says engaging with local fishermen and communities has led to more calls when a whale is in danger. Officials are currently working with crab fishermen to develop better practices that result in less lost fishing gear that could potentially ensnare whales and other sea creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocacy groups like the Center for Biological Diversity says more needs to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve worked with regulators and crabbers to address this problem over the past couple of years, and we’ve heard their statements of concern as the problem has gotten worse and worse,” said staff attorney Kristen Monsell in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/soapbox/article164278252.html\">op-ed \u003c/a>for the Sacramento Bee. “But words aren’t enough anymore. It’s time for action now, before the start of the next crab season in November.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental nonprofit Center for Biological Diversity \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fisheries/pdfs/NOI_CA_Crab_Gear_Entanglements_6-28-17.pdf\">plans to sue \u003c/a>the California Department of Fish and Wildlife over the issue at the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Kilduff, senior attorney at the Center, told KPCC that the state has made some progress. A law passed the Legislature last year aims to help fishermen retrieve lost crab lines and gear. And this year, a bill was introduced that would give more money to teams like Viezbicke’s that go out and disentangle whales and other marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kilduff says last year’s law still hasn’t been implemented. In the meantime, state recommendations on best fishing practices to prevent excess fishing lines that the Center has advocated for have not been followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A voluntary advisory attempting to reduce the number of crab traps in whale entanglement hotspots like the Monterey Bay also “didn’t have an effect,” Kilduff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this meant that we needed to file a lawsuit in order to get regulations to protect endangered marine wildlife,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilduff said since the time of notifying the state of their intentions to sue in late June, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/world/canada/whale-rescuer-killed-canada.html\">long-time whale rescuer in Canada was killed\u003c/a> as he attempted to free an entangled whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s highlighted just how dangerous this is for humans and for whales,” she said. “It lends credence to the fact that we really need to prevent these entanglements from happening in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The number of whales becoming entangled in fishing gear off the West Coast this year is on pace to meet or surpass last year’s record, federal officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justin Viezbicke, marine mammal stranding coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in California, said there are three driving forces behind the surge in whale entanglements in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have increased presence of whales, increased fishing pressures, and better reporting, it all adds up to us seeing what we’ve been seeing,” he told KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, NOAA logged 71 reports of whale entanglements off the entire West Coast, according to NOAA’s annual survey. Fifty-two of those were off California. Viezbicke said so far this year, they’ve received about 30 reports off the West Coast and 20 reports off California alone. That’s double the number of whales spotted between 2000 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re mostly gray whales and humpback whales that get trapped in crab fishing lines. Viezbicke says the gear can restrict their movement, making it hard for them to dive below the surface and feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t get that gear off of that animal, or the animal can’t shake it off on their own, it’s going to die,” Viezbicke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whale in Crescent City videotaped by Ben Lester with Oregon State University became entangled in a fishing line in late July.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Ej2QDUojVr8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Ej2QDUojVr8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Viezbicke says engaging with local fishermen and communities has led to more calls when a whale is in danger. Officials are currently working with crab fishermen to develop better practices that result in less lost fishing gear that could potentially ensnare whales and other sea creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocacy groups like the Center for Biological Diversity says more needs to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve worked with regulators and crabbers to address this problem over the past couple of years, and we’ve heard their statements of concern as the problem has gotten worse and worse,” said staff attorney Kristen Monsell in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/soapbox/article164278252.html\">op-ed \u003c/a>for the Sacramento Bee. “But words aren’t enough anymore. It’s time for action now, before the start of the next crab season in November.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental nonprofit Center for Biological Diversity \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fisheries/pdfs/NOI_CA_Crab_Gear_Entanglements_6-28-17.pdf\">plans to sue \u003c/a>the California Department of Fish and Wildlife over the issue at the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Kilduff, senior attorney at the Center, told KPCC that the state has made some progress. A law passed the Legislature last year aims to help fishermen retrieve lost crab lines and gear. And this year, a bill was introduced that would give more money to teams like Viezbicke’s that go out and disentangle whales and other marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kilduff says last year’s law still hasn’t been implemented. In the meantime, state recommendations on best fishing practices to prevent excess fishing lines that the Center has advocated for have not been followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A voluntary advisory attempting to reduce the number of crab traps in whale entanglement hotspots like the Monterey Bay also “didn’t have an effect,” Kilduff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this meant that we needed to file a lawsuit in order to get regulations to protect endangered marine wildlife,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilduff said since the time of notifying the state of their intentions to sue in late June, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/world/canada/whale-rescuer-killed-canada.html\">long-time whale rescuer in Canada was killed\u003c/a> as he attempted to free an entangled whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s highlighted just how dangerous this is for humans and for whales,” she said. “It lends credence to the fact that we really need to prevent these entanglements from happening in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rescuers off California on Tuesday freed a badly tangled humpback whale caught by fishing anchors that were dragging it to the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rescue team that included members of the state’s whale-entanglement teams, fishermen, academics, marine veterinarians and the U.S. Coast Guard unsnagged the whale Tuesday, after nearly eight hours of cutting off fishing lines, buoys and anchor lines wrapped around the animal, team leader Pieter Folkens said by phone, from near the rescue site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gaNxNLsTSsxIPuOMOsLRO8Qp73C58kZr”]The trapped whale was spotted two miles off Northern California on Thursday, and by Tuesday it was struggling to breathe, Folkens said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The animal had two fishing lines running through its mouth, at least six fishing buoys wrapped around a fin and fishing anchors pulling its tail straight down, Folkens said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once freed, the whale circled the rescuers’ boat before swimming away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folkens, who said he expects the whale to survive, called that a typical response of inspecting predators. Fishermen in the rescue took it as the animal thanking them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesman Michael Milstein of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said the agency will try to identify the shrimping vessels believed responsible for the lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the seventh instance this year of humpbacks caught in fishing gear off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups have pushed regulators to do more to compel fishing crews to reduce the number of whale entanglements, including 54 humpbacks caught in crabbing gear last year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rescuers off California on Tuesday freed a badly tangled humpback whale caught by fishing anchors that were dragging it to the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rescue team that included members of the state’s whale-entanglement teams, fishermen, academics, marine veterinarians and the U.S. Coast Guard unsnagged the whale Tuesday, after nearly eight hours of cutting off fishing lines, buoys and anchor lines wrapped around the animal, team leader Pieter Folkens said by phone, from near the rescue site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The trapped whale was spotted two miles off Northern California on Thursday, and by Tuesday it was struggling to breathe, Folkens said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The animal had two fishing lines running through its mouth, at least six fishing buoys wrapped around a fin and fishing anchors pulling its tail straight down, Folkens said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once freed, the whale circled the rescuers’ boat before swimming away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folkens, who said he expects the whale to survive, called that a typical response of inspecting predators. Fishermen in the rescue took it as the animal thanking them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesman Michael Milstein of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said the agency will try to identify the shrimping vessels believed responsible for the lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the seventh instance this year of humpbacks caught in fishing gear off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups have pushed regulators to do more to compel fishing crews to reduce the number of whale entanglements, including 54 humpbacks caught in crabbing gear last year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NOAA Halts Whale Disentanglement Efforts After Rescuer Dies",
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"content": "\u003cp>After a noted emergency responder died in rescuing an endangered right whale, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says it’s suspending efforts to free whales that are similarly trapped by fishing lines and gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the suspension comes as the whale rescue community mourns Joe Howlett, a Canadian who died during a rescue operation July 10. Howlett, a former fisherman and boat captain, had founded a whale rescue team and was based in Campobello Island, just across the border from Lubec, Maine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howlett died after freeing a right whale in Canada’s Gulf of St. Lawrence. At the time, he was aboard a fast response vessel and had just cut the whale loose—an operation that often involves using long poles with blades on the end to sever crab floats and fishing lines that have become wrapped around the large mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His colleagues reported that he was struck by the animal as it sped away,” \u003ca href=\"http://mainepublic.org/post/us-suspends-efforts-free-tangled-whales-after-death-lobsterman-canada\">Maine Public Radio reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcHY3-3qkTw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howlett was considered an expert in his field. His death is believed to be the first ever in the community that seeks to disentangle North Atlantic right whales, which migrate between Canada and the southeastern U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His death is a devastating tragedy, and those that knew him are in a state of shock. His loss will be felt in many ways,” says a statement from the Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life at the New England Aquarium, which tracks and rescues right whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While offering condolences to Howlett’s family and community, NOAA Fisheries’ public affairs officer Kate Brogan says the agency “is suspending all large whale entanglement response activities nationally until further notice,” to allow NOAA to review its emergency response protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1854803\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1854803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of how North Atlantic right whales get entangled in fishing gear. The gear hinders whales’ ability to eat and migrate, depletes their energy as they drag gear for months or years, and can result in a slow death. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Graphic Services, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brogan adds, “NOAA Fisheries and partners will continue to provide all other stranding response services to marine mammals in distress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As A.J. Higgins of Maine Public Radio reports for our Newscast unit from Bangor, “Whale rescuers and researchers at Allied Whale in Bar Harbor say they hope that NOAA will at least consider some whale rescue efforts on a case-by-case basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans said it’s immediately closing part of the snow crab fishing area where whales have been spotted. It also asked fishermen and commercial sailors to reduce speeds and share any whale sightings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NOAA+Halts+Whale+Disentanglement+Efforts+After+Rescuer+Dies&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a noted emergency responder died in rescuing an endangered right whale, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says it’s suspending efforts to free whales that are similarly trapped by fishing lines and gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the suspension comes as the whale rescue community mourns Joe Howlett, a Canadian who died during a rescue operation July 10. Howlett, a former fisherman and boat captain, had founded a whale rescue team and was based in Campobello Island, just across the border from Lubec, Maine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howlett died after freeing a right whale in Canada’s Gulf of St. Lawrence. At the time, he was aboard a fast response vessel and had just cut the whale loose—an operation that often involves using long poles with blades on the end to sever crab floats and fishing lines that have become wrapped around the large mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His colleagues reported that he was struck by the animal as it sped away,” \u003ca href=\"http://mainepublic.org/post/us-suspends-efforts-free-tangled-whales-after-death-lobsterman-canada\">Maine Public Radio reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/QcHY3-3qkTw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/QcHY3-3qkTw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howlett was considered an expert in his field. His death is believed to be the first ever in the community that seeks to disentangle North Atlantic right whales, which migrate between Canada and the southeastern U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His death is a devastating tragedy, and those that knew him are in a state of shock. His loss will be felt in many ways,” says a statement from the Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life at the New England Aquarium, which tracks and rescues right whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While offering condolences to Howlett’s family and community, NOAA Fisheries’ public affairs officer Kate Brogan says the agency “is suspending all large whale entanglement response activities nationally until further notice,” to allow NOAA to review its emergency response protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1854803\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1854803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Rightwhale-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of how North Atlantic right whales get entangled in fishing gear. The gear hinders whales’ ability to eat and migrate, depletes their energy as they drag gear for months or years, and can result in a slow death. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Graphic Services, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brogan adds, “NOAA Fisheries and partners will continue to provide all other stranding response services to marine mammals in distress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As A.J. Higgins of Maine Public Radio reports for our Newscast unit from Bangor, “Whale rescuers and researchers at Allied Whale in Bar Harbor say they hope that NOAA will at least consider some whale rescue efforts on a case-by-case basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans said it’s immediately closing part of the snow crab fishing area where whales have been spotted. It also asked fishermen and commercial sailors to reduce speeds and share any whale sightings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NOAA+Halts+Whale+Disentanglement+Efforts+After+Rescuer+Dies&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trump Administration Considers Shrinking Federally Protected Waters",
"headTitle": "Trump Administration Considers Shrinking Federally Protected Waters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Trump Administration is reviewing whether to shrink national marine sanctuaries and monuments under a recently-released plan that could expand offshore oil and gas drilling. The areas that could lose protection span from Central California to the South Pacific to New England, totalling about 425 million acres. Those acres include four national marine sanctuaries off the California coast: Monterey Bay, Cordell Bank, the Greater Farallones and the Channel Islands. A 30-day comment period on the proposal runs through July 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Paul Rogers, the managing editor of KQED’s science unit and environment writer at the Mercury News, about the government’s proposal and what it could mean for California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: T\u003cspan class=\"s1\">he president is considering reversing any marine sanctuary protections that happened after 2007. What were those protections?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Rogers: M\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">arine sanctuaries are kind of like underwater national parks, and essentially you’re allowed to fish in most of them but you can’t drill for oil, you can’t drill for gas, you can’t do underwater mining. No president has ever shrunk or killed a sanctuary in the 45 years that the program’s been around. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">There are 11 sanctuaries or national marine monuments that were expanded or created in the last 10 years, and one of the big ones is right here in our area. The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary was expanded in 2008 by President Bush, when scientists had discovered this really cool underwater dormant volcano off the coast of Monterey, called Davidson Seamount. He basically drew a square in the ocean and added that area to the Monterey Sanctuary. So Bush added that and now Trump may take it away.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" size=\"medium\" ids=\"1815629,1815628,1815627,1815626,1815625,1815623,1815622\" orderby=\"rand\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">What about California’s other national marine sanctuaries? What else could lose protections under this order from the Trump Administration?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: Fu\u003cspan class=\"s1\">rther north, the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary and the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary — which are mostly off the Marin County coast and have been there for decades — they were doubled in size by President Obama in 2015. That essentially banned new offshore oil drilling forever in those places. That is potentially on the chopping block now, and Trump may shrink those back in size as well.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Marine Sanctuaries at Risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In April, President Trump asked U.S. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross to evaluate whether 11 national marine sanctuaries and monuments created or expanded since 2007 would be appropriate for opening up to oil and gas exploration.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/9a5c4ac6-5124-4ae3-af33-a50254cc9e28/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">What about marine sanctuaries outside of California waters, like this new one near Hawaii?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">There’s a whole range of sanctuaries that could be affected. Obama created one off New England to protect canyons and underwater mountains there. George Bush created one to protect the Marianas Trench; it’s actually a national marine monument, but folks may know this is the deepest ocean area in the world, more than six miles deep. There are also areas expanded or created off American Samoa, and off the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, from Kauai all the way up to Midway, with amazing coral reefs. All of these places are now under review.[contextly_sidebar id=”a5sJFDN2aV3spPf2sLNY6tyGufNSbKGP”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: So, th\u003cspan class=\"s1\">e reason Trump wants to do this is that the administration is looking to expand oil drilling in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but I would think that just reversing the sanctuary protections isn’t enough to make that happen. Does California have a say in oil drilling off its coast?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: Y\u003cspan class=\"s1\">es, it does. As folks may know, we already have about 30 offshore oil platforms in California. They’re all off the southern California counties — Santa Barbara, Ventura, LA, those counties basically. There’s been drilling there since the 1950s, and after the famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1969 Santa Barbara oil blowout\u003c/a>, California’s really been involved in an activist way. Governor Pete Wilson, a Republican, signed a law banning all new oil drilling out to three miles in state waters, so that is locked in. But anything beyond that, which is federal waters, the federal government can push forward and try to lease these areas to oil companies. President Obama left office saying, “No leasing off California in new areas until at least 2022.” Trump is talking about undoing that as well. The Coastal Commission would fight if they try to lease new areas. There’d be lots of lawsuits, but taking sanctuaries away is the first step to new drilling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">What are the oil companies saying about this?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/06/26/2017-13308/review-of-national-marine-sanctuaries-and-marine-national-monuments-designated-or-expanded-since\">How to Comment\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is accepting public comments on the review of all designations and expansions of National Marine Sanctuaries and Marine National Monuments since April 28, 2007. The comment period ends July 26. \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/06/26/2017-13308/review-of-national-marine-sanctuaries-and-marine-national-monuments-designated-or-expanded-since\">Submit a formal comment\u003c/a> to the National Register.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Interestingly, national oil companies like the idea of taking marine sanctuaries and shrinking them. But I called the Western States Petroleum Association, which is the main industry trade group for California for oil companies, and they said none of their members are actually interested in drilling in these sanctuary areas. And they weren’t going to be submitting public comment, so apparently the oil industry in California isn’t really interested right now in drilling in these areas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">The public comment ends on July 26. What happens after that?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">The Secretary of Commerce, Wilbur Ross — who’s in charge of NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), the agency that oversees the sanctuaries — he will make a recommendation in October back to President Trump on which ones to kill or shrink. After that, the president’s going to make a decision. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Trump Administration is reviewing whether to shrink national marine sanctuaries and monuments under a recently-released plan that could expand offshore oil and gas drilling. The areas that could lose protection span from Central California to the South Pacific to New England, totalling about 425 million acres. Those acres include four national marine sanctuaries off the California coast: Monterey Bay, Cordell Bank, the Greater Farallones and the Channel Islands. A 30-day comment period on the proposal runs through July 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Paul Rogers, the managing editor of KQED’s science unit and environment writer at the Mercury News, about the government’s proposal and what it could mean for California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: T\u003cspan class=\"s1\">he president is considering reversing any marine sanctuary protections that happened after 2007. What were those protections?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Rogers: M\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">arine sanctuaries are kind of like underwater national parks, and essentially you’re allowed to fish in most of them but you can’t drill for oil, you can’t drill for gas, you can’t do underwater mining. No president has ever shrunk or killed a sanctuary in the 45 years that the program’s been around. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">There are 11 sanctuaries or national marine monuments that were expanded or created in the last 10 years, and one of the big ones is right here in our area. The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary was expanded in 2008 by President Bush, when scientists had discovered this really cool underwater dormant volcano off the coast of Monterey, called Davidson Seamount. He basically drew a square in the ocean and added that area to the Monterey Sanctuary. So Bush added that and now Trump may take it away.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">What about California’s other national marine sanctuaries? What else could lose protections under this order from the Trump Administration?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: Fu\u003cspan class=\"s1\">rther north, the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary and the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary — which are mostly off the Marin County coast and have been there for decades — they were doubled in size by President Obama in 2015. That essentially banned new offshore oil drilling forever in those places. That is potentially on the chopping block now, and Trump may shrink those back in size as well.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Marine Sanctuaries at Risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In April, President Trump asked U.S. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross to evaluate whether 11 national marine sanctuaries and monuments created or expanded since 2007 would be appropriate for opening up to oil and gas exploration.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/9a5c4ac6-5124-4ae3-af33-a50254cc9e28/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">What about marine sanctuaries outside of California waters, like this new one near Hawaii?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">There’s a whole range of sanctuaries that could be affected. Obama created one off New England to protect canyons and underwater mountains there. George Bush created one to protect the Marianas Trench; it’s actually a national marine monument, but folks may know this is the deepest ocean area in the world, more than six miles deep. There are also areas expanded or created off American Samoa, and off the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, from Kauai all the way up to Midway, with amazing coral reefs. All of these places are now under review.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: So, th\u003cspan class=\"s1\">e reason Trump wants to do this is that the administration is looking to expand oil drilling in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but I would think that just reversing the sanctuary protections isn’t enough to make that happen. Does California have a say in oil drilling off its coast?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: Y\u003cspan class=\"s1\">es, it does. As folks may know, we already have about 30 offshore oil platforms in California. They’re all off the southern California counties — Santa Barbara, Ventura, LA, those counties basically. There’s been drilling there since the 1950s, and after the famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1969 Santa Barbara oil blowout\u003c/a>, California’s really been involved in an activist way. Governor Pete Wilson, a Republican, signed a law banning all new oil drilling out to three miles in state waters, so that is locked in. But anything beyond that, which is federal waters, the federal government can push forward and try to lease these areas to oil companies. President Obama left office saying, “No leasing off California in new areas until at least 2022.” Trump is talking about undoing that as well. The Coastal Commission would fight if they try to lease new areas. There’d be lots of lawsuits, but taking sanctuaries away is the first step to new drilling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">What are the oil companies saying about this?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/06/26/2017-13308/review-of-national-marine-sanctuaries-and-marine-national-monuments-designated-or-expanded-since\">How to Comment\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is accepting public comments on the review of all designations and expansions of National Marine Sanctuaries and Marine National Monuments since April 28, 2007. The comment period ends July 26. \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/06/26/2017-13308/review-of-national-marine-sanctuaries-and-marine-national-monuments-designated-or-expanded-since\">Submit a formal comment\u003c/a> to the National Register.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Interestingly, national oil companies like the idea of taking marine sanctuaries and shrinking them. But I called the Western States Petroleum Association, which is the main industry trade group for California for oil companies, and they said none of their members are actually interested in drilling in these sanctuary areas. And they weren’t going to be submitting public comment, so apparently the oil industry in California isn’t really interested right now in drilling in these areas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Watt: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">The public comment ends on July 26. What happens after that?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Rogers: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">The Secretary of Commerce, Wilbur Ross — who’s in charge of NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), the agency that oversees the sanctuaries — he will make a recommendation in October back to President Trump on which ones to kill or shrink. After that, the president’s going to make a decision. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Science for the People: Grab Your Phone and Help Snap Pictures of Coastal Biodiversity | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Your moments peering into tide pools, gazing at spiny starfish, or eyeing bashful anemones can be more than just moments. They’re observations, and scientists can learn from them about what’s happening on California’s coastline. Thousands of observations, added together—that’s valuable data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way.’\u003ccite>Dr. Rebecca Johnson,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This weekend, Californians who love marine ecosystems can head to the bay or the beach, take pictures of all the animals they can see, upload them to the cell phone app iNaturalist, and take part in a statewide campaign to catalog the biodiversity of the state’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mpacollaborative.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marine Protected Area Collaborative Network\u003c/a> are hosting \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/citizen-science/snapshot-cal-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snapshot Cal Coast\u003c/a>, an annual coastal “bio-blitz” that started June 23 and wraps up on Sunday, July 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter what kind of science it is—it starts with an observation,” says Dr. Rebecca Johnson, citizen science research coordinator at the Cal Academy. “We’re providing a way for people to share those observations and then we can look for patterns and ask more questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snapping a photo of a sea anemone, to upload to the iNaturalist app for Snapshot Cal Coast. \u003ccite>(Calla Allison/Marine Protected Areas Collaborative Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy and other organizations are holding cataloging parties up and down the California coastline this weekend, to encourage people to get together and collect observations. In the Bay Area, families or individuals can head down to Ocean Beach on Sunday morning to join a team for free community \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">event\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Snapshot of Biodiversity \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get observations all along the coast at the same time of year, every year,” Johnson says, “we can get a snapshot of biodiversity, and the ranges of individual species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the project’s second year, and there are plans to make it an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we do this every year, we can see how species’ ranges are changing,” says Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coastal animal’s range can change for a variety of reasons such as invasive species, diseases such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sea star wasting syndrome\u003c/a>, and warming waters due to climate change. Biodiversity data is also essential in order to answer questions about the efficacy of marine protected areas and other conservation measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tidepoolers at Pillar Point look for marine life to photograph, during this year’s bio-blitz. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>iNaturalist is an phone app and website that aggregates geo-located photos of species. And you don’t have to be an expert to use it. Users can either enter identify their observations themselves or tag something as ‘unknown.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to know what you’re looking at,” says Johnson, “you just have to take good enough pictures that someone else can identify it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapshot Cal Coast is also a way for amateur naturalists, who know a lot about one place, to contribute to a larger-scale observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”pY10qOhKQ34943XDliZmrOLeBjHYgS6z”]Over the last week, 400 participants have uploaded 8,000 observations of coastal organisms, representing close to 900 species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart phones with great cameras, and apps like iNaturalist, make a model of citizen science possible that was never possible before. And Johnson says using a phone outdoors doesn’t have to distract from relaxing and observing natural spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and looking at a screen gets a bad rap for disconnecting people from each other,” she says. “Through the work that we do, we have really been able to use that technology to build community and connect people to nature and each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Demystifying Science \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the greatest beneficiaries of Snapshot Cal Coast are the citizen scientists themselves. By participating in an annual observation, people can start to see their local ecosystems with new eyes, and get hands-on experience with the scientific process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking for marine life at Doran Beach in Sonoma County, earlier this week. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When participants observe changes in species biodiversity from year-to-year, these changes may prompt them to ask questions about why they’re seeing what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way,” Johnson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people see it with their own eyes, they can feel empowered by their own experience and senses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of environmental threats to the rich biodiversity of the California coast—problems such as climate change and marine pollution—and the scale of the problems can be overwhelming to people. Working together on a project like this can, “help people have some power in a situation that seems powerless,” says Johnson, “and experience the joy of discovering something together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interested? If you’re in the Bay Area, check out a Snapshot Cal Coast event this Sunday, July 2, 9am at Ocean Beach. Click \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You don't have to be an expert at the annual Snapshot Cal Coast, with family fun at events up and down the coastline. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Your moments peering into tide pools, gazing at spiny starfish, or eyeing bashful anemones can be more than just moments. They’re observations, and scientists can learn from them about what’s happening on California’s coastline. Thousands of observations, added together—that’s valuable data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way.’\u003ccite>Dr. Rebecca Johnson,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This weekend, Californians who love marine ecosystems can head to the bay or the beach, take pictures of all the animals they can see, upload them to the cell phone app iNaturalist, and take part in a statewide campaign to catalog the biodiversity of the state’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mpacollaborative.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marine Protected Area Collaborative Network\u003c/a> are hosting \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/citizen-science/snapshot-cal-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snapshot Cal Coast\u003c/a>, an annual coastal “bio-blitz” that started June 23 and wraps up on Sunday, July 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter what kind of science it is—it starts with an observation,” says Dr. Rebecca Johnson, citizen science research coordinator at the Cal Academy. “We’re providing a way for people to share those observations and then we can look for patterns and ask more questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snapping a photo of a sea anemone, to upload to the iNaturalist app for Snapshot Cal Coast. \u003ccite>(Calla Allison/Marine Protected Areas Collaborative Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy and other organizations are holding cataloging parties up and down the California coastline this weekend, to encourage people to get together and collect observations. In the Bay Area, families or individuals can head down to Ocean Beach on Sunday morning to join a team for free community \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">event\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Snapshot of Biodiversity \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get observations all along the coast at the same time of year, every year,” Johnson says, “we can get a snapshot of biodiversity, and the ranges of individual species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the project’s second year, and there are plans to make it an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we do this every year, we can see how species’ ranges are changing,” says Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coastal animal’s range can change for a variety of reasons such as invasive species, diseases such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sea star wasting syndrome\u003c/a>, and warming waters due to climate change. Biodiversity data is also essential in order to answer questions about the efficacy of marine protected areas and other conservation measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tidepoolers at Pillar Point look for marine life to photograph, during this year’s bio-blitz. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>iNaturalist is an phone app and website that aggregates geo-located photos of species. And you don’t have to be an expert to use it. Users can either enter identify their observations themselves or tag something as ‘unknown.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to know what you’re looking at,” says Johnson, “you just have to take good enough pictures that someone else can identify it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapshot Cal Coast is also a way for amateur naturalists, who know a lot about one place, to contribute to a larger-scale observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Over the last week, 400 participants have uploaded 8,000 observations of coastal organisms, representing close to 900 species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart phones with great cameras, and apps like iNaturalist, make a model of citizen science possible that was never possible before. And Johnson says using a phone outdoors doesn’t have to distract from relaxing and observing natural spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and looking at a screen gets a bad rap for disconnecting people from each other,” she says. “Through the work that we do, we have really been able to use that technology to build community and connect people to nature and each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Demystifying Science \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the greatest beneficiaries of Snapshot Cal Coast are the citizen scientists themselves. By participating in an annual observation, people can start to see their local ecosystems with new eyes, and get hands-on experience with the scientific process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking for marine life at Doran Beach in Sonoma County, earlier this week. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When participants observe changes in species biodiversity from year-to-year, these changes may prompt them to ask questions about why they’re seeing what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way,” Johnson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people see it with their own eyes, they can feel empowered by their own experience and senses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of environmental threats to the rich biodiversity of the California coast—problems such as climate change and marine pollution—and the scale of the problems can be overwhelming to people. Working together on a project like this can, “help people have some power in a situation that seems powerless,” says Johnson, “and experience the joy of discovering something together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interested? If you’re in the Bay Area, check out a Snapshot Cal Coast event this Sunday, July 2, 9am at Ocean Beach. Click \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One hundred years ago this week, the Coast Guard cutter McCulloch, a world-traveled vessel stationed in San Francisco, collided with a passenger ship in the fog and sank to the ocean floor off the coast of Southern California. For almost a century, the ship was lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that the \u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/shipwrecks/mcculloch/\">McCulloch had been found\u003c/a>, four miles off Pt. Conception, west of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Searching in the Deep\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been decades in the works,” says Robert Schwemmer, the West Coast Regional Maritime Heritage Coordinator for NOAA. “To put the first eyes on the ship on the eve of its 100-year anniversary was very moving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historian and archeologist, Schwemmer has been studying the McCulloch for three decades and always hoped to find the remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The coast of California is a graveyard of the Pacific, a maritime history museum.’\u003ccite>Robert Schwemmer, NOAA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2013, maritime historian and shipwreck researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.bathymetricresearch.com/about/\">Gary Fabian\u003c/a> located a mass on the ocean floor using sonar. Suspecting that it might be the lost wreck, Fabian contacted Schwemmer with his hunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Schwemmer took the research vessel Shearwater over the potential wreck site. Using sonar, he saw high-relief images of the sea floor and a mass that could potentially be a wreck — but more importantly, he saw lots of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish are an indicator of habitat, and shipwrecks are great habitat,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now, Schwemmer felt confident that there was indeed a wreck. But with its strong currents and heavy winds, Pt. Conception had always been a common place for shipwrecks. There was still a chance that the murky image was a wreck, but not the one Schwemmer was looking for. Optimistically, he contacted the Coast Guard and told them that he suspected he had found the cutter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1718660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718660 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg\" alt=\"The wreck provides habitat for various species of marine life, including vermillion rockfish. Here, they swim around the steam engine, a 2400 horsepower engine, indicating McCulloch’s cruising speed was 17 knots.\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-768x436.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1020x579.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1920x1090.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1180x670.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-960x545.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-240x136.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-375x213.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-520x295.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wreck provides habitat for various species of marine life, including vermillion rockfish. Here, they swim around the steam engine, a 2400 horsepower engine, indicating McCulloch’s cruising speed was 17 knots. \u003ccite>(NOAA/USCG/VideoRay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finally, in October 2016, Schwemmer, along with a NOAA research team and a local branch of the Coast Guard, devoted an annual reconnaissance cruise to looking for the McCulloch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They teamed up with \u003ca href=\"http://www.videoray.com/\">Video Ray\u003c/a>, a technology firm that provided a small and robust underwater ROV to inspect the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the ROV footage revealed a 14-foot bronze torpedo launcher mounted on the bow of the vessel — a feature unique to the McCulloch — Schwemmer was sure that the long-lost cutter was found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Storied Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch spent its short life traversing the world and watching history unfold. Commissioned in 1897, the cutter traveled from its original location in Philadelphia to its home port in San Francisco via the Suez Canal and East Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”o4A5sjiEIhled0uXrvibem3YPrJDWoIL”]After stopping in Singapore in 1898, McCulloch did service in the Spanish-American war as part of Commodore George Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron in the Battle of Manila Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulloch passed its later years patrolling the Pacific coast from Mexico up to the Arctic. It spent time in remote regions of Alaska enforcing regulations on fur seal hunters, and briefly served as a floating courtroom as part of the Bering Sea Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>McCulloch’s Watery Grave\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulloch had a promising future as a military vessel, and in 1917, plans were made to re-fit the ship with increased armaments for the first world war. However, these plans were cut short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its way up the coast of California on a foggy morning in June, the McCulloch was struck by the passenger steamship SS Governor off Pt. Conception. Within 30 minutes, its crew had abandoned ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the boats were clear of the ship, Chief Engineer Glover in charge of the gig, came alongside and advised me to leave the ship as she was sinking faster every minute and nothing more could be done to save her,” the McCulloch’s captain recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His crew stood at attention on lifeboats and wept as they watched the cutter disappear beneath the waves. One crewman died of injuries sustained in the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1718663\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718663 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg\" alt=\"When NOAA historian Robert Schwemmer saw this 15-inch torpedo tube molded into the bow stem, he felt sure he'd located the USCG Cutter McCulloch. Metridium anemones drape the bow stem and are found on other sections of the wreck where there is exposure to prevailing currents.\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-768x436.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1020x579.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1920x1091.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1180x670.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-960x545.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-240x136.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-375x213.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-520x295.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When NOAA historian Robert Schwemmer saw this 15-inch torpedo tube molded into the bow stem, he felt sure he’d located the USCG Cutter McCulloch. Metridium anemones drape the bow stem and are found on other sections of the wreck where there is exposure to prevailing currents. \u003ccite>(NOAA/USCG/VideoRay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch rests on its port side in 300 feet of water, and now serves as habitat to a great diversity of marine life. The ROV exploration footage shows that the exposed bow of the cutter is covered in bright white Metridium anemones, filter feeders that thrive where the current is strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wreck is also home to species such as wolf eels, ling cod, vermillion and copper rockfish. This diverse ecosystem is what Schwemmer saw on the sonar images in 2015, that first clue to the wreck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch is federally protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.navy.mil/research/underwater-archaeology/policy-and-resource-management/sunken-military-craft-act.html\">Sunken Military Craft Act\u003c/a>. That and its fragile state prevent Schwemmer or other researchers from disrupting the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shipwrecks like this one connect Californians to the rich history of their waters. The Pacific coast is a particular hotspot, and each sunken wreck tells its own story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are millions of shipwrecks in the world and likely thousands off the Pacific coast,” Schwemmer reflects. “The coast of California is a graveyard of the Pacific –a maritime history museum.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One hundred years ago this week, the Coast Guard cutter McCulloch, a world-traveled vessel stationed in San Francisco, collided with a passenger ship in the fog and sank to the ocean floor off the coast of Southern California. For almost a century, the ship was lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that the \u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/shipwrecks/mcculloch/\">McCulloch had been found\u003c/a>, four miles off Pt. Conception, west of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Searching in the Deep\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been decades in the works,” says Robert Schwemmer, the West Coast Regional Maritime Heritage Coordinator for NOAA. “To put the first eyes on the ship on the eve of its 100-year anniversary was very moving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historian and archeologist, Schwemmer has been studying the McCulloch for three decades and always hoped to find the remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The coast of California is a graveyard of the Pacific, a maritime history museum.’\u003ccite>Robert Schwemmer, NOAA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2013, maritime historian and shipwreck researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.bathymetricresearch.com/about/\">Gary Fabian\u003c/a> located a mass on the ocean floor using sonar. Suspecting that it might be the lost wreck, Fabian contacted Schwemmer with his hunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Schwemmer took the research vessel Shearwater over the potential wreck site. Using sonar, he saw high-relief images of the sea floor and a mass that could potentially be a wreck — but more importantly, he saw lots of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish are an indicator of habitat, and shipwrecks are great habitat,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now, Schwemmer felt confident that there was indeed a wreck. But with its strong currents and heavy winds, Pt. Conception had always been a common place for shipwrecks. There was still a chance that the murky image was a wreck, but not the one Schwemmer was looking for. Optimistically, he contacted the Coast Guard and told them that he suspected he had found the cutter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1718660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718660 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg\" alt=\"The wreck provides habitat for various species of marine life, including vermillion rockfish. Here, they swim around the steam engine, a 2400 horsepower engine, indicating McCulloch’s cruising speed was 17 knots.\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-768x436.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1020x579.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1920x1090.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1180x670.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-960x545.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-240x136.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-375x213.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-520x295.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wreck provides habitat for various species of marine life, including vermillion rockfish. Here, they swim around the steam engine, a 2400 horsepower engine, indicating McCulloch’s cruising speed was 17 knots. \u003ccite>(NOAA/USCG/VideoRay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finally, in October 2016, Schwemmer, along with a NOAA research team and a local branch of the Coast Guard, devoted an annual reconnaissance cruise to looking for the McCulloch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They teamed up with \u003ca href=\"http://www.videoray.com/\">Video Ray\u003c/a>, a technology firm that provided a small and robust underwater ROV to inspect the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the ROV footage revealed a 14-foot bronze torpedo launcher mounted on the bow of the vessel — a feature unique to the McCulloch — Schwemmer was sure that the long-lost cutter was found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Storied Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch spent its short life traversing the world and watching history unfold. Commissioned in 1897, the cutter traveled from its original location in Philadelphia to its home port in San Francisco via the Suez Canal and East Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>After stopping in Singapore in 1898, McCulloch did service in the Spanish-American war as part of Commodore George Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron in the Battle of Manila Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulloch passed its later years patrolling the Pacific coast from Mexico up to the Arctic. It spent time in remote regions of Alaska enforcing regulations on fur seal hunters, and briefly served as a floating courtroom as part of the Bering Sea Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>McCulloch’s Watery Grave\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulloch had a promising future as a military vessel, and in 1917, plans were made to re-fit the ship with increased armaments for the first world war. However, these plans were cut short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its way up the coast of California on a foggy morning in June, the McCulloch was struck by the passenger steamship SS Governor off Pt. Conception. Within 30 minutes, its crew had abandoned ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the boats were clear of the ship, Chief Engineer Glover in charge of the gig, came alongside and advised me to leave the ship as she was sinking faster every minute and nothing more could be done to save her,” the McCulloch’s captain recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His crew stood at attention on lifeboats and wept as they watched the cutter disappear beneath the waves. One crewman died of injuries sustained in the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1718663\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718663 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg\" alt=\"When NOAA historian Robert Schwemmer saw this 15-inch torpedo tube molded into the bow stem, he felt sure he'd located the USCG Cutter McCulloch. Metridium anemones drape the bow stem and are found on other sections of the wreck where there is exposure to prevailing currents.\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-768x436.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1020x579.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1920x1091.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1180x670.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-960x545.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-240x136.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-375x213.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-520x295.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When NOAA historian Robert Schwemmer saw this 15-inch torpedo tube molded into the bow stem, he felt sure he’d located the USCG Cutter McCulloch. Metridium anemones drape the bow stem and are found on other sections of the wreck where there is exposure to prevailing currents. \u003ccite>(NOAA/USCG/VideoRay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch rests on its port side in 300 feet of water, and now serves as habitat to a great diversity of marine life. The ROV exploration footage shows that the exposed bow of the cutter is covered in bright white Metridium anemones, filter feeders that thrive where the current is strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wreck is also home to species such as wolf eels, ling cod, vermillion and copper rockfish. This diverse ecosystem is what Schwemmer saw on the sonar images in 2015, that first clue to the wreck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch is federally protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.navy.mil/research/underwater-archaeology/policy-and-resource-management/sunken-military-craft-act.html\">Sunken Military Craft Act\u003c/a>. That and its fragile state prevent Schwemmer or other researchers from disrupting the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shipwrecks like this one connect Californians to the rich history of their waters. The Pacific coast is a particular hotspot, and each sunken wreck tells its own story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are millions of shipwrecks in the world and likely thousands off the Pacific coast,” Schwemmer reflects. “The coast of California is a graveyard of the Pacific –a maritime history museum.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "U.S. Cancels New Protection for Endangered West Coast Whales",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration on Monday threw out a new rule intended to limit the numbers of endangered whales and sea turtles getting caught in fishing nets off the West Coast, even though the fishing industry had proposed the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”EC7Y8TV9yUyqvyzFXVv3dwHYmEphrgAC”]The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> said it decided the new protection was not warranted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action is one of the first by the Trump administration targeting protections for threatened species off the Pacific coast, said Catherine Kilduff, an attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity conservation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation was designed to reduce the numbers of humpback whales, leatherback sea turtles and other large creatures that accidentally become tangled in mile-long nets set adrift by commercial fishermen overnight to catch swordfish off California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation allowed for shutting down swordfish fishing with the drift nets for up to two fishing seasons if too many of the endangered animals were getting caught in the nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule applied to endangered fin, humpback, and sperm whales, short-fin pilot whales and common bottlenose dolphins, as well as endangered leatherback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, olive-ridley sea turtles and green sea turtles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the communities of whales that would have been protected under the rule have dwindled to the low hundreds, Kilduff said.\u003cbr>\nThe fishing industry’s Pacific Fishery Management Council had proposed the new regulation in 2015. Federal officials began implementing it the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On Monday, the Trump administration got rid of a rule intended to protect whales and sea turtles that get caught in fishing nets.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration on Monday threw out a new rule intended to limit the numbers of endangered whales and sea turtles getting caught in fishing nets off the West Coast, even though the fishing industry had proposed the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> said it decided the new protection was not warranted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action is one of the first by the Trump administration targeting protections for threatened species off the Pacific coast, said Catherine Kilduff, an attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity conservation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation was designed to reduce the numbers of humpback whales, leatherback sea turtles and other large creatures that accidentally become tangled in mile-long nets set adrift by commercial fishermen overnight to catch swordfish off California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation allowed for shutting down swordfish fishing with the drift nets for up to two fishing seasons if too many of the endangered animals were getting caught in the nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule applied to endangered fin, humpback, and sperm whales, short-fin pilot whales and common bottlenose dolphins, as well as endangered leatherback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, olive-ridley sea turtles and green sea turtles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the communities of whales that would have been protected under the rule have dwindled to the low hundreds, Kilduff said.\u003cbr>\nThe fishing industry’s Pacific Fishery Management Council had proposed the new regulation in 2015. Federal officials began implementing it the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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