window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_1924642": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1924642",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1924642",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1924639,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-520x261.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 261
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-160x80.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 80
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-375x188.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 188
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn.jpg",
"width": 916,
"height": 460
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-800x402.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 402
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-768x386.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 386
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn-240x121.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 121
}
},
"publishDate": 1527611067,
"modified": 1527622288,
"caption": "A female fin whale washed ashore in Bolinas on May 25, now confirmed as another ship-strike victim.",
"description": "A female fin whale washed ashore in Bolinas on May 25, now confirmed as another ship-strike victim.",
"title": "Dd_dEntVQAEWhjn",
"credit": "The Marine Mammal Center/Twitter",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1924603": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1924603",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1924603",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1924579,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o.jpg",
"width": 1620,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1527568014,
"modified": 1673894240,
"caption": "King tide floods China Camp in San Rafael, on New Year's Day, 2018.",
"description": null,
"title": "King Tide China Camp San Rafael, CA 1/1/18",
"credit": "Cindy Pavlinac/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/capav/38628863865/in/pool-cakingtides/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Flickr\u003c/a>",
"status": "inherit",
"altTag": "People walk along a flooded bike trail. next to a field full of water and brown plants. A green and tan mountains is in the background",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1924384": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1924384",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1924384",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1924383,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1334
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/shark-highway-1_enl-93045fc1bdb2ce57b0e6fda033816c57b4db166e-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1527110899,
"modified": 1527110899,
"caption": null,
"description": "Scientists have videotaped sharks traveling a 500-mile-long \"shark highway\" in the Pacific Ocean.",
"title": "Scientists have videotaped sharks traveling a 500-mile-long \"shark highway\" in the Pacific Ocean.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1924420": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1924420",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1924420",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1924401,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-520x345.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 345
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-1024x576.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-960x638.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 638
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-375x249.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"height": 680
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-1020x677.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 677
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-800x531.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 531
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-768x510.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 510
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b-240x159.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 159
}
},
"publishDate": 1527121706,
"modified": 1527121862,
"caption": "Cities have gone to court to have oil companies pay for the cost of rising sea levels.",
"description": "Cities have gone to court to have oil companies pay for the cost of rising sea levels.",
"title": "RS7907_8365001059_f1153c875a_b",
"credit": "Sarah Craig/Flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1923844": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1923844",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923844",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1923839,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-520x352.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 352
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-160x108.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 108
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-960x650.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 650
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-375x254.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 254
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 2031
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-1020x691.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 691
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-1180x799.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 799
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-1200x812.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 812
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-800x542.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 542
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-1920x1300.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1300
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-1180x799.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 799
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-1920x1300.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1300
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-768x520.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 520
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/GettyImages-106938023-1-240x162.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 162
}
},
"publishDate": 1526424872,
"modified": 1526434866,
"caption": "A worker moves a bin of Dungeness crab after it was landed during the 2010 crabbing season in San Francisco.",
"description": null,
"title": "California's Dungeness Crab Seasons Starts",
"credit": "Justin Sullivan/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1923143": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1923143",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923143",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1923141,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-520x353.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 353
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-160x109.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 109
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-960x652.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 652
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-375x255.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 255
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640.jpg",
"width": 7234,
"height": 4912
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1020x693.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 693
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1180x801.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 801
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1200x815.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 815
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-800x543.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 543
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1920x1304.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1304
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1180x801.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 801
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1920x1304.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1304
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-768x521.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 521
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-240x163.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 163
}
},
"publishDate": 1524816036,
"modified": 1524816054,
"caption": "Cropped shot view of full garbage.",
"description": null,
"title": "Full of plastic cup in recycle bin in the nature.",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1923160": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1923160",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923160",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1923154,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/900_01_ca170561-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1524843773,
"modified": 1528386974,
"caption": "The California Aqueduct is the state’s largest and longest water transport system, fed by the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.",
"description": null,
"title": "900_01_ca170561",
"credit": "Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_29424": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_29424",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "29424",
"found": true
},
"parent": 29294,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/artismobilus-20141.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 640
}
},
"publishDate": 1429560443,
"modified": 1524252894,
"caption": "Street art at the 2014 Earth Day San Francisco event",
"description": null,
"title": "artismobilus 2014",
"credit": "Hotel Zetta/Earth Day San Francisco",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922414": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922414",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922414",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922408,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-520x345.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 345
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-960x638.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 638
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-375x249.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221.jpg",
"width": 4288,
"height": 2848
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-1020x677.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 677
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-1180x784.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 784
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-1200x797.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 797
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-800x531.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 531
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-1920x1275.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1275
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-1180x784.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 784
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-1920x1275.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1275
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-768x510.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 510
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-151917221-240x159.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 159
}
},
"publishDate": 1523559338,
"modified": 1523559404,
"caption": "A Hawksbill sea turtle swims over a coral reef. Global warming is likely slowing the main Atlantic Ocean circulation, which has plunged to its weakest level on record, according to a new study.",
"description": null,
"title": "underwater seascape featuring a hawksbill sea turtle",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922051": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922051",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922051",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922045,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370.jpg",
"width": 5472,
"height": 3648
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-664085370-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1522883229,
"modified": 1522883332,
"caption": "Sea ice is seen from NASA's Operation IceBridge research aircraft off the northwest coast on March 30, 2017 above Greenland.",
"description": null,
"title": "NASA Continues Efforts To Monitor Arctic Ice Loss With Research Flights Over Greenland and Canada",
"credit": "Mario Tama/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1921639": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1921639",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1921639",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1921638,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624.jpg",
"width": 5200,
"height": 3463
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-1020x679.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 679
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-1920x1279.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1279
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-1920x1279.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1279
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/gettyimages-129368496_custom-a5f15a7b1a6279906ab1301f8dc8d92016fb8624-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1521763600,
"modified": 1521764357,
"caption": "Trash and assorted garbage collected from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which has up to 16 times more plastic in it than previously thought. ",
"description": "Trash and assorted garbage collected from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which has up to 16 times more plastic in it than previously thought.",
"title": "Trash and assorted garbage collected from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which has up to 16 times more plastic in it than previously thought.",
"credit": "Universal Images Group/ UIG via Getty Images ",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1921627": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1921627",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1921627",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1921626,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-375x249.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 532
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-800x532.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 532
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1521745731,
"modified": 1521745993,
"caption": "The Alameda County Water District’s Newark Desalination Facility, which treats brackish water.",
"description": null,
"title": "JRC_Alameda_County_Water_District-41",
"credit": "John Chacon/California Department of Water Resources",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_1924383": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1924383",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1924383",
"name": "Christopher Joyce, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1923154": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1923154",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1923154",
"name": "Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1922408": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1922408",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1922408",
"name": "Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1921638": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1921638",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1921638",
"name": "Christopher Joyce\u003cbr />NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1921626": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1921626",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1921626",
"name": "Ian Evans\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"isLoading": false
},
"dclyde": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "104",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "104",
"found": true
},
"name": "Don Clyde",
"firstName": "Don",
"lastName": "Clyde",
"slug": "dclyde",
"email": "dclyde@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Don Clyde is an online producer, reporter and copy editor for KQED News. Before venturing into journalism, he worked as a medical device engineer and scientist for nearly a decade after earning a degree in physics from UC Berkeley. He loves travel, reading, living in Oakland, and most importantly, a good walk. Email him at dclyde@kqed.org or follow him @clydedon.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/decd3e640c3eedbd0a574275aebb2d19?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "clydedon",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "artschool",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "about",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "mindshift",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "lowdown",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "spark",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "trulyca",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "imagemakers",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "education",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "checkplease",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "forum",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "perspectives",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Don Clyde | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/decd3e640c3eedbd0a574275aebb2d19?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/decd3e640c3eedbd0a574275aebb2d19?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dclyde"
},
"mpeterson": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11223",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11223",
"found": true
},
"name": "Molly Peterson",
"firstName": "Molly",
"lastName": "Peterson",
"slug": "mpeterson",
"email": "mpeterson@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Molly Peterson reports for KQED science and news on climate change, catastrophe and risk. Previously she was environment correspondent at Southern California Public Radio. Her work has also appeared at The New York Times, The Guardian, on NPR, at High Country News, on Code Switch, and other national outlets. She has been honored with awards from Public Radio News Directors Incorporated, Investigative Reporters and Editors, the Society for Professional Journalists, the Los Angeles Press Club, and RTNDA Edward R. Murrow awards, among others.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "Mollydacious",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/radiomolly/",
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Molly Peterson | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/mpeterson"
},
"aahmed": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11428",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11428",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amel Ahmed",
"firstName": "Amel",
"lastName": "Ahmed",
"slug": "aahmed",
"email": "aahmed@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "amelscript",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amel Ahmed | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aahmed"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_oceans": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"score": 12.942281
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Oceans",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 13
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=oceans",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 13
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_1924639": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1924639",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1924639",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1527622330000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1527622330,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Another Dead Whale, Another Confirmed Ship Strike",
"headTitle": "Another Dead Whale, Another Confirmed Ship Strike | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Marine scientists confirmed over the weekend that a dead fin whale found on a Bolinas shore last week died because it was hit by a ship.[contextly_sidebar id=”XzRsxjgKDz6OxyRWWNN1PlEm4W0xPMOG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third whale in the Bay Area found to have died due to human causes in the past month, researchers at the Marine Mammal Center and the California Academy of Sciences said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbie Halaska, a researcher for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, said the fin whale is endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody wants to hit these guys,” Halaska said. “I mean, they’re amazing creatures, and it’s all accidents. It’s just that we’re all using the same ocean and we need to figure out how we can all use this ocean together and all survive from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say ship strikes and entanglement in fishing gear are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1715680/can-song-loving-robots-help-save-whales-from-ships\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the leading causes\u003c/a> of whale mortality, especially during migration periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whale, and the one that washed ashore in the Oakland Estuary the week before, were both female and in their reproductive years,” Halaska said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924575\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924575\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ww2.kqed_.orgDeadWhale-800x458-9bb073adc1691fb249e14032f97fa938c0101e78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"458\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale carcass is towed out of the Oakland estuary near Jack London Square on Friday.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists found \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11669242/two-whales-found-dead-in-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two dead whales in the Bay Area on May 18\u003c/a> — one a fin whale at Oakland’s waterfront and the other a gray whale at Tennessee Valley Beach in Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whale found in Oakland was partially submerged in an estuary near Jack London Square, and was determined to have been killed by a ship strike. The whale at Tennessee Valley Beach showed indication that entanglement was responsible for its death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those carcasses were the fourth and fifth, respectively, to be found in the Bay this year by the Marine Mammal Center, which rescues animals along 600 miles of state coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through March of this year, nine dead whales have been found along the California coastline, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Last year there were 24 dead whales found in total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Billy Cruz and Muna Danish contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 355,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704927875,
"excerpt": "It's the third whale in the past month found to have died in the Bay Area from human causes.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "It's the third whale in the past month found to have died in the Bay Area from human causes.",
"title": "Another Dead Whale, Another Confirmed Ship Strike | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Another Dead Whale, Another Confirmed Ship Strike",
"datePublished": "2018-05-29T12:32:10-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:04:35-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "another-dead-whale-another-confirmed-ship-strike",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Oceans",
"path": "/science/1924639/another-dead-whale-another-confirmed-ship-strike",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Marine scientists confirmed over the weekend that a dead fin whale found on a Bolinas shore last week died because it was hit by a ship.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third whale in the Bay Area found to have died due to human causes in the past month, researchers at the Marine Mammal Center and the California Academy of Sciences said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbie Halaska, a researcher for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, said the fin whale is endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody wants to hit these guys,” Halaska said. “I mean, they’re amazing creatures, and it’s all accidents. It’s just that we’re all using the same ocean and we need to figure out how we can all use this ocean together and all survive from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say ship strikes and entanglement in fishing gear are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1715680/can-song-loving-robots-help-save-whales-from-ships\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the leading causes\u003c/a> of whale mortality, especially during migration periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whale, and the one that washed ashore in the Oakland Estuary the week before, were both female and in their reproductive years,” Halaska said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924575\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924575\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ww2.kqed_.orgDeadWhale-800x458-9bb073adc1691fb249e14032f97fa938c0101e78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"458\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale carcass is towed out of the Oakland estuary near Jack London Square on Friday.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists found \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11669242/two-whales-found-dead-in-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two dead whales in the Bay Area on May 18\u003c/a> — one a fin whale at Oakland’s waterfront and the other a gray whale at Tennessee Valley Beach in Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whale found in Oakland was partially submerged in an estuary near Jack London Square, and was determined to have been killed by a ship strike. The whale at Tennessee Valley Beach showed indication that entanglement was responsible for its death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those carcasses were the fourth and fifth, respectively, to be found in the Bay this year by the Marine Mammal Center, which rescues animals along 600 miles of state coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through March of this year, nine dead whales have been found along the California coastline, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Last year there were 24 dead whales found in total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Billy Cruz and Muna Danish contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1924639/another-dead-whale-another-confirmed-ship-strike",
"authors": [
"104"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_30",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_255"
],
"featImg": "science_1924642",
"label": "source_science_1924639"
},
"science_1924579": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1924579",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1924579",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1527577260000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1527577260,
"format": "audio",
"title": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?",
"headTitle": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">Y\u003c/span>ou can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of bayfront, in at least forty communities that touch water, the once-sneaky problem of sea level rise is revealing itself as it accelerates. At airports, at power plants, in subsiding urban areas and in shoreline development, rising seas are challenging our choices about living next to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Richard Mullane, Hassell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A History of Defending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ince the days when our best gauge was a numbered stick and a sharp-eyed observer, San Francisco Bay has been rising. At the Presidio station tidal gauge, the level of the bay has risen 8 inches since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water claims more space in our bay, we can choose to embrace it, or separate ourselves from it. We can learn to love a wetter landscape, or battle flooding and the risk we perceive from it. And over the past century, we’ve mostly chosen the latter course: to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s What’s in the Path of Sea Level Rise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Scientists say climate change could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100, a time when many of of today’s children will still be living. Everything from driving to flying to flushing your toilet is at risk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our traditional historic development pattern is where we built to the bay shore or in many cases into the bay,” says \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/profile/dave-pine\">Dave Pine\u003c/a>, a San Mateo County supervisor. “So we don’t have any natural protection against the rising Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural protection includes mounded earth that can absorb water and lowlands where it can flood without damaging buildings or putting the power out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dw6ZU0luAwX6x2e4o0BnRIW3uinSzyH5″]Climate change is now pressing on a shoreline devoid of that protection, a shoreline mostly locked in place by a century of development decisions. Our predecessors filled in 80% of historic marshes, widened and spread out the lowest-lying lands along the water, and built critical resources in places most likely to flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area,” says Richard Mullane, a principal landscape architect \u003ca href=\"https://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-news/introducing-hassell-principal-richard-mullane\">with the international firm Hassell\u003c/a>. Mullane has worked in Asia and Australia, and spent the past year working in San Mateo County. “There’s just so much low-lying land that’s impacted by even small amounts of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walls Narrow Everyone’s Options\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>lacing water treatment plants at sea level was once an engineering no-brainer: gravity drove sewage downhill, and sent treated wastewater directly into coastal waters, so these plants were more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924586\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foster City Manager Jeff Moneda says it’s not just homes that are threatened by flooding from rising seas and extreme storms. It’s critical systems, including electricity and water. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But now, fifteen water treatment plants around San Francisco Bay have a sea level rise problem, and \u003ca href=\"https://bacwa.org/document/february-16-2018-bacwa-executive-board-meeting-packet/\">a dozen more could develop one\u003c/a> within your children’s or grandchildren’s lifetimes. If one fails, people inland and upland couldn’t flush their toilets; this kind of flooding would affect five times as many people on average as coastal flooding alone does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise reveals to us that, in critical ways, the line we draw between water and land is an illusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of bay shorelines is, we define a line that separates water and land and we function on the land side of that line,” says \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at UC Berkeley who has studied the physics of the San Francisco Bay. “Shorelines are meant to be dynamic,” he says. “And once you lock them in place you’re creating an unnatural and an engineered shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you have the right to preserve your shorelines where they are or do you have an obligation to allow waters to go where they would naturally go?” Stacey wonders. “And what are the implications if your action affects those same questions for somebody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationships among moving waters and the surrounding land are complex, connected, and interdependent – and that’s influencing how some people envision the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924623\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portions of San Francisco’s Embarcadero flood during a king tide on January 11, 2017. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hard lines create the promise of risk reduction when they can’t really offer that,” says Marcel Wilson, a landscape architect who’s been working on solutions for sea level rise in San Rafael. “What they do is, they cause risk to be built up more and more, and if we can’t see that, then collectively we’ve learned nothing from the conditions that we’re seeing right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are Some Walls Necessary?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he problem is, year after year we’ve committed to living behind these lines. Billions of dollars in housing, critical infrastructure and other assets are defended by walls and levees. In some places, public officials say there’s no choice but the choice we’ve already made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Some walls are necessary and good.’\u003ccite>Larry Goldzband, BCDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two cities are seeking public support for raising walls along San Francisco Bay – Foster City voters will decide one measure on June 5, and San Francisco may weigh in on its ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P in Foster City asks voters to approve a $90 million tax to raise the city’s levee. No marshes or tidal lands protect Foster City; they were destroyed with tons of sand to create a bedroom community for Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, officials say multiple natural threats demand immediate repairs to the seawall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of San Francisco’s resilience director, Lindy Lowe, weaves among schoolkids and scooters, tourists and Tuesday lunchgoers: it’s a sunny, showoff day along the Embarcadero. Under our feet is the seawall that destroyed San Francisco’s marshlands, added acres to the city and turned the port into a deep-water powerhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3936px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3936\" height=\"2624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg 3936w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3936px) 100vw, 3936px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local playground in San Rafael that is near the city’s canal and has experienced flooding, according to Shore Up Marin. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the wall is vulnerable, both to king tides and earthquakes. High tides routinely spill over the Embarcadero. More important, the seawall could fail today, in a major quake. The Embarcadero could drop several feet in an instant, and critical utility, transportation and communication systems could fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the Port of San Francisco aims to ask voters to approve a $425 million bond to help protect the Embarcadero seawall from seismic and sea level risk. That would be the first bite into a project that could total three to five billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These price tags may sound high. But behind these dividing lines are billions of dollars in property. Policymakers say strengthening those defenses is both cost-effective and necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason to try to put a marvelous new wetland in front of the Embarcadero,” says Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission. “Some walls are necessary and good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embracing the Water By Designing With It in Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/05/PetersonSeaLevelRisePart2.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31131_IMG_9142-sfi.jpg\" Title=\"Sea Level Rise Part II: Designing With Water In Mind\" program=\"KQED Science\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>rban designers have been exploring alternatives to walls over the last year, in the Rockefeller Foundation-funded Resilient by Design challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need things that don’t have as much maintenance,” says UC Berkeley urban ecologist Kristina Hill, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-leandro-bay/\">the All-Bay Collective team in East Oakland\u003c/a>. “Landscapes are strong and muscular and they do an enormous amount of work for us. This isn’t jewelry. This is muscle. This is doing work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road.’\u003ccite>Marcel Wilson, Landscape Architect\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s logic Bay Area voters already have supported on a large scale, passing Measure AA in 2016. The $12 parcel tax now raises $25 million a year to restore tidal wetlands that have disappeared around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are remarkable things both for the ecosystem and for flood protection,” says Dave Pine, who also chairs the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, which oversees Measure AA revenue. He acknowledges that there’s a gap between the need and the funds; of 22 projects that applied for the first round of restoration funds, only \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/sf-bay-restoration-authority-current-projects-TEST.php\">9 will get a kick-start\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscape architect Marcel Wilson hopes San Rafael can get some of those funds. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-rafael/\">has spent a year\u003c/a> in that city’s canal neighborhood, one of Marin’s most vulnerable places. Here, workforce housing shares blue water with yacht clubs. A traditional defense against rising waters here would rely on gates, bigger pumps, and taller walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Wilson’s team has been pushing to use raised earth to absorb water, and curved lines to redirect wave energy rather than bounce it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road,” Wilson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the canal neighborhood, that would mean sharing space with water, abandoning low-lying buildings, and using natural berms as a means of control. It’ll take a lot to accomplish, but Wilson’s not daunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the beginning of an era of change,” Wilson says. “I see the opportunity for intervention. I see conditions that previous generations haven’t had to solve. And that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1830,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed"
],
"paragraphCount": 42
},
"modified": 1704927880,
"excerpt": "You can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of shoreline, where at least 40 communities touch water, rising seas are challenging our choices about how to live with them.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "You can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of shoreline, where at least 40 communities touch water, rising seas are challenging our choices about how to live with them.",
"title": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?",
"datePublished": "2018-05-29T00:01:00-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:04:40-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/05/PetersonSeaLevelRise.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 430,
"source": "Climate Change",
"path": "/science/1924579/like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them",
"audioDuration": 432000,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">Y\u003c/span>ou can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of bayfront, in at least forty communities that touch water, the once-sneaky problem of sea level rise is revealing itself as it accelerates. At airports, at power plants, in subsiding urban areas and in shoreline development, rising seas are challenging our choices about living next to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Richard Mullane, Hassell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A History of Defending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ince the days when our best gauge was a numbered stick and a sharp-eyed observer, San Francisco Bay has been rising. At the Presidio station tidal gauge, the level of the bay has risen 8 inches since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water claims more space in our bay, we can choose to embrace it, or separate ourselves from it. We can learn to love a wetter landscape, or battle flooding and the risk we perceive from it. And over the past century, we’ve mostly chosen the latter course: to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s What’s in the Path of Sea Level Rise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Scientists say climate change could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100, a time when many of of today’s children will still be living. Everything from driving to flying to flushing your toilet is at risk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our traditional historic development pattern is where we built to the bay shore or in many cases into the bay,” says \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/profile/dave-pine\">Dave Pine\u003c/a>, a San Mateo County supervisor. “So we don’t have any natural protection against the rising Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural protection includes mounded earth that can absorb water and lowlands where it can flood without damaging buildings or putting the power out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Climate change is now pressing on a shoreline devoid of that protection, a shoreline mostly locked in place by a century of development decisions. Our predecessors filled in 80% of historic marshes, widened and spread out the lowest-lying lands along the water, and built critical resources in places most likely to flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area,” says Richard Mullane, a principal landscape architect \u003ca href=\"https://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-news/introducing-hassell-principal-richard-mullane\">with the international firm Hassell\u003c/a>. Mullane has worked in Asia and Australia, and spent the past year working in San Mateo County. “There’s just so much low-lying land that’s impacted by even small amounts of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walls Narrow Everyone’s Options\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>lacing water treatment plants at sea level was once an engineering no-brainer: gravity drove sewage downhill, and sent treated wastewater directly into coastal waters, so these plants were more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924586\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foster City Manager Jeff Moneda says it’s not just homes that are threatened by flooding from rising seas and extreme storms. It’s critical systems, including electricity and water. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But now, fifteen water treatment plants around San Francisco Bay have a sea level rise problem, and \u003ca href=\"https://bacwa.org/document/february-16-2018-bacwa-executive-board-meeting-packet/\">a dozen more could develop one\u003c/a> within your children’s or grandchildren’s lifetimes. If one fails, people inland and upland couldn’t flush their toilets; this kind of flooding would affect five times as many people on average as coastal flooding alone does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise reveals to us that, in critical ways, the line we draw between water and land is an illusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of bay shorelines is, we define a line that separates water and land and we function on the land side of that line,” says \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at UC Berkeley who has studied the physics of the San Francisco Bay. “Shorelines are meant to be dynamic,” he says. “And once you lock them in place you’re creating an unnatural and an engineered shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you have the right to preserve your shorelines where they are or do you have an obligation to allow waters to go where they would naturally go?” Stacey wonders. “And what are the implications if your action affects those same questions for somebody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationships among moving waters and the surrounding land are complex, connected, and interdependent – and that’s influencing how some people envision the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924623\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portions of San Francisco’s Embarcadero flood during a king tide on January 11, 2017. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hard lines create the promise of risk reduction when they can’t really offer that,” says Marcel Wilson, a landscape architect who’s been working on solutions for sea level rise in San Rafael. “What they do is, they cause risk to be built up more and more, and if we can’t see that, then collectively we’ve learned nothing from the conditions that we’re seeing right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are Some Walls Necessary?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he problem is, year after year we’ve committed to living behind these lines. Billions of dollars in housing, critical infrastructure and other assets are defended by walls and levees. In some places, public officials say there’s no choice but the choice we’ve already made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Some walls are necessary and good.’\u003ccite>Larry Goldzband, BCDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two cities are seeking public support for raising walls along San Francisco Bay – Foster City voters will decide one measure on June 5, and San Francisco may weigh in on its ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P in Foster City asks voters to approve a $90 million tax to raise the city’s levee. No marshes or tidal lands protect Foster City; they were destroyed with tons of sand to create a bedroom community for Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, officials say multiple natural threats demand immediate repairs to the seawall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of San Francisco’s resilience director, Lindy Lowe, weaves among schoolkids and scooters, tourists and Tuesday lunchgoers: it’s a sunny, showoff day along the Embarcadero. Under our feet is the seawall that destroyed San Francisco’s marshlands, added acres to the city and turned the port into a deep-water powerhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3936px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3936\" height=\"2624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg 3936w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3936px) 100vw, 3936px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local playground in San Rafael that is near the city’s canal and has experienced flooding, according to Shore Up Marin. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the wall is vulnerable, both to king tides and earthquakes. High tides routinely spill over the Embarcadero. More important, the seawall could fail today, in a major quake. The Embarcadero could drop several feet in an instant, and critical utility, transportation and communication systems could fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the Port of San Francisco aims to ask voters to approve a $425 million bond to help protect the Embarcadero seawall from seismic and sea level risk. That would be the first bite into a project that could total three to five billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These price tags may sound high. But behind these dividing lines are billions of dollars in property. Policymakers say strengthening those defenses is both cost-effective and necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason to try to put a marvelous new wetland in front of the Embarcadero,” says Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission. “Some walls are necessary and good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embracing the Water By Designing With It in Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audio",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/05/PetersonSeaLevelRisePart2.mp3",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31131_IMG_9142-sfi.jpg",
"title": "Sea Level Rise Part II: Designing With Water In Mind",
"program": "KQED Science",
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>rban designers have been exploring alternatives to walls over the last year, in the Rockefeller Foundation-funded Resilient by Design challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need things that don’t have as much maintenance,” says UC Berkeley urban ecologist Kristina Hill, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-leandro-bay/\">the All-Bay Collective team in East Oakland\u003c/a>. “Landscapes are strong and muscular and they do an enormous amount of work for us. This isn’t jewelry. This is muscle. This is doing work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road.’\u003ccite>Marcel Wilson, Landscape Architect\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s logic Bay Area voters already have supported on a large scale, passing Measure AA in 2016. The $12 parcel tax now raises $25 million a year to restore tidal wetlands that have disappeared around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are remarkable things both for the ecosystem and for flood protection,” says Dave Pine, who also chairs the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, which oversees Measure AA revenue. He acknowledges that there’s a gap between the need and the funds; of 22 projects that applied for the first round of restoration funds, only \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/sf-bay-restoration-authority-current-projects-TEST.php\">9 will get a kick-start\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscape architect Marcel Wilson hopes San Rafael can get some of those funds. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-rafael/\">has spent a year\u003c/a> in that city’s canal neighborhood, one of Marin’s most vulnerable places. Here, workforce housing shares blue water with yacht clubs. A traditional defense against rising waters here would rely on gates, bigger pumps, and taller walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Wilson’s team has been pushing to use raised earth to absorb water, and curved lines to redirect wave energy rather than bounce it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road,” Wilson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the canal neighborhood, that would mean sharing space with water, abandoning low-lying buildings, and using natural berms as a means of control. It’ll take a lot to accomplish, but Wilson’s not daunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the beginning of an era of change,” Wilson says. “I see the opportunity for intervention. I see conditions that previous generations haven’t had to solve. And that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1924579/like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them",
"authors": [
"11223"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_31",
"science_40",
"science_2873",
"science_43",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3370",
"science_206"
],
"featImg": "science_1924603",
"label": "source_science_1924579"
},
"science_1924383": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1924383",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1924383",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1527174023000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1527174023,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Scientists Take A Ride On The Pacific's 'Shark Highway'",
"headTitle": "Scientists Take A Ride On The Pacific’s ‘Shark Highway’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have videotaped sharks traveling a 500-mile-long “shark highway” in the Pacific, and they plan to turn it into a protected wildlife corridor in the ocean.[contextly_sidebar id=”xz7uIeYNec1nMeR7ecUq53TDhuqehPaF”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have been attaching electronic tags to sharks near Costa Rica for years. They knew the sharks sometimes traveled south to the Galapagos Islands, but they’d never actually witnessed it. And they needed scientific — and visual — evidence to make their case for protecting the route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they took some GoPro-style cameras and attached them to metal frames along with bloody fish bait. They’re called BRUVS, for “baited remote underwater video system.” The researchers dragged these contraptions behind a research vessel for almost two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they waited, and waited, spending hours watching live video of nothing but blue water — until dozens of sharks suddenly swam out of the gloom and into view. “Amazing,” biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.mespinozamen.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mario Espinoza\u003c/a> says of the moment. “We actually documented over 16 species of sharks and fish, also sea turtles and dolphins. … It’s really surprising to see that many animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharks dominated — mostly hammerheads but also thresher sharks and silky sharks. Sometimes a single video frame captured dozens of them. What the scientists were witnessing is a continuous “swimway” of large marine animals. It starts in Cocos Island in Costa Rica and extends to the Galapagos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The route follows a range of underwater mountains. Called sea mounts, some of their peaks extend fairly close to the surface. “So this was the first time we actually documented animals using these seamounts,” Espinoza says. “We don’t know exactly whether they are feeding or they’re like stopping by or using these seamounts as navigation routes.”[contextly_sidebar id=”EDVOgf4QMVd6JZX8JKyrerfAYN8FchM4”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Road signs, perhaps, or drive-through restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza is at the University of Costa Rica, and the expedition was organized by a Costa Rican group called Pacifico. Zdenka Piskulich, president of the Pacifico Foundation, says it’s a challenge to get people interested in some sort of fish corridor in the middle of the ocean. “But finally we have visual evidence that there is a huge abundance in this area that needs to be protected, that there really is a highway,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocos Island and the Galapagos already have protected areas for fish, but the highway isn’t part of that, according to Lee Crockett of the Shark Conservation Fund, one of the effort’s sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once [sharks] get outside the protected area, its fair game,” he says. “And there’s lots of high seas fishing for tuna. It’s mostly long lines, and they catch a lot of sharks and a lot of turtles.” Some hammerhead shark species are endangered and others are in decline, as well as many turtle species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team and its sponsors are hoping to establish something new here: a marine protected area that’s not just a patch of ocean or reef, but a wildlife corridor in the ocean that extends for hundreds of miles. “That’s why we’re excited about this as kind of the next step in conservation,” Crockett says, “to establish these corridors or swimways between these protected areas so they get complete protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a highway that doesn’t go \u003cem>through\u003c/em> mountains, but above them. One with a great view, for sure, but unless you’re a shark, probably not a place where you’d want to hitchhike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Take+A+Ride+On+The+Pacific%27s+%27Shark+Highway%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 636,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704927891,
"excerpt": "Biologists knew the sharks sometimes traveled from waters off Costa Rica south to the Galapagos Islands, but they'd never actually witnessed it.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Biologists knew the sharks sometimes traveled from waters off Costa Rica south to the Galapagos Islands, but they'd never actually witnessed it.",
"title": "Scientists Take A Ride On The Pacific's 'Shark Highway' | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientists Take A Ride On The Pacific's 'Shark Highway'",
"datePublished": "2018-05-24T08:00:23-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:04:51-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientists-take-a-ride-on-the-pacifics-shark-highway",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=611955569&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Christopher Joyce, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 22 May 2018 11:46:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 22 May 2018 13:33:38 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/22/611955569/scientists-take-a-ride-on-the-pacifics-shark-highway?ft=nprml&f=611955569",
"nprImageAgency": "Andy Mann/Waitt Foundation/Pacifico ",
"source": "Animals",
"nprStoryId": "611955569",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 22 May 2018 13:33:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1924383/scientists-take-a-ride-on-the-pacifics-shark-highway",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have videotaped sharks traveling a 500-mile-long “shark highway” in the Pacific, and they plan to turn it into a protected wildlife corridor in the ocean.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have been attaching electronic tags to sharks near Costa Rica for years. They knew the sharks sometimes traveled south to the Galapagos Islands, but they’d never actually witnessed it. And they needed scientific — and visual — evidence to make their case for protecting the route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they took some GoPro-style cameras and attached them to metal frames along with bloody fish bait. They’re called BRUVS, for “baited remote underwater video system.” The researchers dragged these contraptions behind a research vessel for almost two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they waited, and waited, spending hours watching live video of nothing but blue water — until dozens of sharks suddenly swam out of the gloom and into view. “Amazing,” biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.mespinozamen.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mario Espinoza\u003c/a> says of the moment. “We actually documented over 16 species of sharks and fish, also sea turtles and dolphins. … It’s really surprising to see that many animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharks dominated — mostly hammerheads but also thresher sharks and silky sharks. Sometimes a single video frame captured dozens of them. What the scientists were witnessing is a continuous “swimway” of large marine animals. It starts in Cocos Island in Costa Rica and extends to the Galapagos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The route follows a range of underwater mountains. Called sea mounts, some of their peaks extend fairly close to the surface. “So this was the first time we actually documented animals using these seamounts,” Espinoza says. “We don’t know exactly whether they are feeding or they’re like stopping by or using these seamounts as navigation routes.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Road signs, perhaps, or drive-through restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza is at the University of Costa Rica, and the expedition was organized by a Costa Rican group called Pacifico. Zdenka Piskulich, president of the Pacifico Foundation, says it’s a challenge to get people interested in some sort of fish corridor in the middle of the ocean. “But finally we have visual evidence that there is a huge abundance in this area that needs to be protected, that there really is a highway,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocos Island and the Galapagos already have protected areas for fish, but the highway isn’t part of that, according to Lee Crockett of the Shark Conservation Fund, one of the effort’s sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once [sharks] get outside the protected area, its fair game,” he says. “And there’s lots of high seas fishing for tuna. It’s mostly long lines, and they catch a lot of sharks and a lot of turtles.” Some hammerhead shark species are endangered and others are in decline, as well as many turtle species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team and its sponsors are hoping to establish something new here: a marine protected area that’s not just a patch of ocean or reef, but a wildlife corridor in the ocean that extends for hundreds of miles. “That’s why we’re excited about this as kind of the next step in conservation,” Crockett says, “to establish these corridors or swimways between these protected areas so they get complete protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a highway that doesn’t go \u003cem>through\u003c/em> mountains, but above them. One with a great view, for sure, but unless you’re a shark, probably not a place where you’d want to hitchhike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Take+A+Ride+On+The+Pacific%27s+%27Shark+Highway%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1924383/scientists-take-a-ride-on-the-pacifics-shark-highway",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1924383"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_2549",
"science_324",
"science_2606"
],
"featImg": "science_1924384",
"label": "source_science_1924383"
},
"science_1924401": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1924401",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1924401",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1527170409000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1527170409,
"format": "audio",
"title": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit",
"headTitle": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[audio mp3=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ClimateLiabilityWestervelt180525.mp3\"][/audio]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: May 24, 6:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\nby Amy Westervelt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Oakland and San Francisco against large oil companies will move forward. But not because Judge William Alsup ruled on the oil companies’ motions to dismiss the case at today’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead Alsup is asking both sides to prepare additional written arguments by next week. He’s requested each provide a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-page brief outlining whether he needs to balance the benefits of fossil fuels with their impacts in this case, and why. \u003c/span>He’s also given them two months to collect more evidence, in the form of documents and interviews. The additional evidence is meant to clarify whether the case is within the jurisdiction of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final ruling on the motions to dismiss is expected in August. If the case does move forward, it could be the first of its kind to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s a make-or-break day in court for the Bay Area cities claiming oil companies are legally responsible for climate change impacts. On Thursday, a federal judge will hear arguments about \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-con\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">whether to dismiss claims\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from San Francisco and Oakland against Chevron, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem,” says Josh Lipshutz, a partner at Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, the firm representing Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cities argue that carbon emissions from the fossil fuels produced, refined and sold by the companies are directly responsible for changing climate and for its key impact along Bay Area shorelines: rising seas. Last September, cities brought claims under California public nuisance law, which has offered relief where companies fail to notify customers of the dangers of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco and Oakland are seeking millions of dollars to help the region adapt to rising sea levels. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">state-commissioned report on climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year found that sea levels could swell by more than three feet by century’s end, and in catastrophic emissions scenarios, by as much as 10 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>’Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem.’\u003ccite>Josh Lipshutz, Lawyer for Chevron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawyers for the oil companies countered, successfully, that federal law governs the companies’ activity, forcing the cities to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">amend\u003c/span> their initial claims. The companies also maintain that no federal common law claim exists to provide the cities a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate science \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434\">has played a prominent role\u003c/a> in the early stages of the legal dispute. District Court Judge William Alsup drew attention to the case \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\">when he took the unorthodox step\u003c/a> of asking both sides for a “climate tutorial,” back in March. At the same time, he also invited the Trump Administration to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a friend-of-the-court brief, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/2018051\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">filed two weeks ago\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the federal Justice Department has argued that the Clean Air Act preempts the cities’ common law claims, and that federal regulators — not courts — should handle the problems of carbon emissions and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Three states – California, New Jersey, and Washington – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180503_docket-317-cv-06011_amicus-motion-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have sought the right to file an amicus brief\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on behalf of San Francisco and Oakland, while Republican attorneys general from 15 states, including Colorado, Kansas, and Louisiana, \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/INAG/2018/04/20/file_attachments/994064/Amicus%2BBrief%2B224-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">have sided\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Thursday hearing, Judge Alsup could agree to dismiss the case on the spot, order the cities to amend their claims further, or permit the case to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the dispute between these two cities and five oil companies has proceeded in one federal courtroom, in another, similar legal claims are taking a more circuitous route forward. In March, federal District Court Judge Vince Chhabria sent claims from three other local jurisdictions – San Mateo County, Marin, and Imperial Beach – to state court. Those claims remain in legal limbo while the industry defendants seek to move them back to federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If Alsup sends San Francisco and Oakland’s claims forward to trial, it would be the first climate liability case to get that far.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 713,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1704927892,
"excerpt": "Federal Judge William Alsup did not rule on the case after Thursday's hearing, but asked both sides to come back with more information.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Federal Judge William Alsup did not rule on the case after Thursday's hearing, but asked both sides to come back with more information.",
"title": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit",
"datePublished": "2018-05-24T07:00:09-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:04:52-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "cities-vs-big-oil-climate-case-reaches-turning-point-in-federal-court",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/05/ClimateLiabilityWestervelt180525.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate",
"path": "/science/1924401/cities-vs-big-oil-climate-case-reaches-turning-point-in-federal-court",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audio",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"mp3": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ClimateLiabilityWestervelt180525.mp3",
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: May 24, 6:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\nby Amy Westervelt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Oakland and San Francisco against large oil companies will move forward. But not because Judge William Alsup ruled on the oil companies’ motions to dismiss the case at today’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead Alsup is asking both sides to prepare additional written arguments by next week. He’s requested each provide a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-page brief outlining whether he needs to balance the benefits of fossil fuels with their impacts in this case, and why. \u003c/span>He’s also given them two months to collect more evidence, in the form of documents and interviews. The additional evidence is meant to clarify whether the case is within the jurisdiction of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final ruling on the motions to dismiss is expected in August. If the case does move forward, it could be the first of its kind to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s a make-or-break day in court for the Bay Area cities claiming oil companies are legally responsible for climate change impacts. On Thursday, a federal judge will hear arguments about \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-con\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">whether to dismiss claims\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from San Francisco and Oakland against Chevron, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem,” says Josh Lipshutz, a partner at Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, the firm representing Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cities argue that carbon emissions from the fossil fuels produced, refined and sold by the companies are directly responsible for changing climate and for its key impact along Bay Area shorelines: rising seas. Last September, cities brought claims under California public nuisance law, which has offered relief where companies fail to notify customers of the dangers of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco and Oakland are seeking millions of dollars to help the region adapt to rising sea levels. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">state-commissioned report on climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year found that sea levels could swell by more than three feet by century’s end, and in catastrophic emissions scenarios, by as much as 10 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>’Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem.’\u003ccite>Josh Lipshutz, Lawyer for Chevron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawyers for the oil companies countered, successfully, that federal law governs the companies’ activity, forcing the cities to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">amend\u003c/span> their initial claims. The companies also maintain that no federal common law claim exists to provide the cities a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate science \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434\">has played a prominent role\u003c/a> in the early stages of the legal dispute. District Court Judge William Alsup drew attention to the case \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\">when he took the unorthodox step\u003c/a> of asking both sides for a “climate tutorial,” back in March. At the same time, he also invited the Trump Administration to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a friend-of-the-court brief, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/2018051\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">filed two weeks ago\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the federal Justice Department has argued that the Clean Air Act preempts the cities’ common law claims, and that federal regulators — not courts — should handle the problems of carbon emissions and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Three states – California, New Jersey, and Washington – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180503_docket-317-cv-06011_amicus-motion-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have sought the right to file an amicus brief\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on behalf of San Francisco and Oakland, while Republican attorneys general from 15 states, including Colorado, Kansas, and Louisiana, \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/INAG/2018/04/20/file_attachments/994064/Amicus%2BBrief%2B224-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">have sided\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Thursday hearing, Judge Alsup could agree to dismiss the case on the spot, order the cities to amend their claims further, or permit the case to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the dispute between these two cities and five oil companies has proceeded in one federal courtroom, in another, similar legal claims are taking a more circuitous route forward. In March, federal District Court Judge Vince Chhabria sent claims from three other local jurisdictions – San Mateo County, Marin, and Imperial Beach – to state court. Those claims remain in legal limbo while the industry defendants seek to move them back to federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If Alsup sends San Francisco and Oakland’s claims forward to trial, it would be the first climate liability case to get that far.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1924401/cities-vs-big-oil-climate-case-reaches-turning-point-in-federal-court",
"authors": [
"11223"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873",
"science_43",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_5193",
"science_182",
"science_3370",
"science_206"
],
"featImg": "science_1924420",
"label": "source_science_1924401"
},
"science_1923839": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1923839",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923839",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1526493623000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1526493623,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Study Projects Massive Northward Shift of Species as Oceans Warm",
"headTitle": "Study Projects Massive Northward Shift of Species as Oceans Warm | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Marine life across North America will experience a substantial shift northward over the next few decades, according to a new comprehensive report that looks at how climate change will alter the habitats of 686 marine species.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZWaC88LRXs3J7FU8fyQV618GAKLNrFBh”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As water warms up in some places it allows fish to colonize,” says\u003cspan class=\"\"> \u003ca href=\"https://marine.rutgers.edu/main/malin-pinsky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Malin Pinsky\u003c/a>, an ecologist at Rutgers University and co-author of the study. \u003c/span> “But if it gets too hot, the species gets driven out of the region. This is something that we already see happening all over North America, all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinsky says it’s hard to say how far, how soon this redistribution of marine life will play out gradually over the next 80 years and could continue long past the 21st century, depending on what choices society makes in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It could also have big implications for California’s iconic crab and salmon fisheries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://pinsky.marine.rutgers.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rutgers University\u003c/a> combined data from U.S. and Canadian government surveys that looked at where species have historically been found, with models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that project future environmental conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then did projections using both low and high estimates of future greenhouse gas emissions. Taking the lowest estimates into account, researchers found there will still be a substantial shift toward the North Pole, although it would reduce the extent of the shifts by one-half to two-thirds. Pinsky says “pretty much” all species would be affected, though not by as much as with higher emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right'] “So from the perspective of fishing communities and fishing managers, there are real benefits to sticking to the Paris Accord,” referring to the international climate agreement, from which the Trump administration has withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The projection models are particularly useful for California fisheries, where management decisions depend on a range of possible environmental conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rug is getting slowly pulled out from under coastal fishing communities,” says Pinsky. “That may mean longer trips and higher fuel costs. For others with smaller boats, it may mean needing to find a new species to catch, which can be challenging because buying permits for new fisheries can be really expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when smaller shifts in marine life distribution have happened in the past, it has often led to conflict, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something we see starting to happen, especially on the east coast. There have been ongoing debates about who should get access to species like flounder, black sea bass, all found in new locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Fisheries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habitats for some species will shift up to 900 miles north, including those that are crucial for California fisheries, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dungeness crab for instance, one of the most valuable fisheries in the state, is expected to shift up to 500 miles north. While the Chinook salmon, an important staple of California fisheries, is projected to move up to 200 miles north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, a substantial decline in habitat availability for certain species is expected over time, says Pinsky. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecordovatimes.com/2018/01/31/tanner-crab-fishery-opens-march-1-31/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanner crab\u003c/a>, important to the Alaskan fishing industry, could experience a 95 percent decline in habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinsky says entire ecosystems could face disruption from the impact of climate change on marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we know is that different fish and other animals shift at different rates,” he says. “So it often means that a predator may lose one of its prey, or a prey may gain a new predator. So these changes are disrupting food webs as well. And it’s quite hard to predict what the consequences of that will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinsky says these developments are likely to lead to more surprises in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point, climate change isn’t about uncertainty,” he says. “Unfortunately, we actually have a lot of certainty especially towards the direction these species will shift. And that is almost entirely towards the north.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 719,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704927916,
"excerpt": "California's iconic crab and salmon could move hundreds of miles from their current concentrations.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California's iconic crab and salmon could move hundreds of miles from their current concentrations.",
"title": "Study Projects Massive Northward Shift of Species as Oceans Warm | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Study Projects Massive Northward Shift of Species as Oceans Warm",
"datePublished": "2018-05-16T11:00:23-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:05:16-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "study-projects-massive-northward-shift-of-species-as-oceans-warm",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate",
"path": "/science/1923839/study-projects-massive-northward-shift-of-species-as-oceans-warm",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Marine life across North America will experience a substantial shift northward over the next few decades, according to a new comprehensive report that looks at how climate change will alter the habitats of 686 marine species.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As water warms up in some places it allows fish to colonize,” says\u003cspan class=\"\"> \u003ca href=\"https://marine.rutgers.edu/main/malin-pinsky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Malin Pinsky\u003c/a>, an ecologist at Rutgers University and co-author of the study. \u003c/span> “But if it gets too hot, the species gets driven out of the region. This is something that we already see happening all over North America, all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinsky says it’s hard to say how far, how soon this redistribution of marine life will play out gradually over the next 80 years and could continue long past the 21st century, depending on what choices society makes in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It could also have big implications for California’s iconic crab and salmon fisheries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://pinsky.marine.rutgers.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rutgers University\u003c/a> combined data from U.S. and Canadian government surveys that looked at where species have historically been found, with models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that project future environmental conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then did projections using both low and high estimates of future greenhouse gas emissions. Taking the lowest estimates into account, researchers found there will still be a substantial shift toward the North Pole, although it would reduce the extent of the shifts by one-half to two-thirds. Pinsky says “pretty much” all species would be affected, though not by as much as with higher emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "emailsignup",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"newslettername": "science",
"align": "right",
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> “So from the perspective of fishing communities and fishing managers, there are real benefits to sticking to the Paris Accord,” referring to the international climate agreement, from which the Trump administration has withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The projection models are particularly useful for California fisheries, where management decisions depend on a range of possible environmental conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rug is getting slowly pulled out from under coastal fishing communities,” says Pinsky. “That may mean longer trips and higher fuel costs. For others with smaller boats, it may mean needing to find a new species to catch, which can be challenging because buying permits for new fisheries can be really expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when smaller shifts in marine life distribution have happened in the past, it has often led to conflict, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something we see starting to happen, especially on the east coast. There have been ongoing debates about who should get access to species like flounder, black sea bass, all found in new locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Fisheries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habitats for some species will shift up to 900 miles north, including those that are crucial for California fisheries, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dungeness crab for instance, one of the most valuable fisheries in the state, is expected to shift up to 500 miles north. While the Chinook salmon, an important staple of California fisheries, is projected to move up to 200 miles north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, a substantial decline in habitat availability for certain species is expected over time, says Pinsky. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecordovatimes.com/2018/01/31/tanner-crab-fishery-opens-march-1-31/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanner crab\u003c/a>, important to the Alaskan fishing industry, could experience a 95 percent decline in habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinsky says entire ecosystems could face disruption from the impact of climate change on marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we know is that different fish and other animals shift at different rates,” he says. “So it often means that a predator may lose one of its prey, or a prey may gain a new predator. So these changes are disrupting food webs as well. And it’s quite hard to predict what the consequences of that will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinsky says these developments are likely to lead to more surprises in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point, climate change isn’t about uncertainty,” he says. “Unfortunately, we actually have a lot of certainty especially towards the direction these species will shift. And that is almost entirely towards the north.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1923839/study-projects-massive-northward-shift-of-species-as-oceans-warm",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_36",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3370",
"science_248",
"science_941",
"science_2549",
"science_324",
"science_247"
],
"featImg": "science_1923844",
"label": "source_science_1923839"
},
"science_1923141": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1923141",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923141",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1525215315000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1525215315,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Straw Wars! Bay Area Push to Ban Plastic Straws Picks Up Steam",
"headTitle": "Straw Wars! Bay Area Push to Ban Plastic Straws Picks Up Steam | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Oakland is now the latest Bay Area city to consider a proposal to bar food vendors from serving plastic straws unless requested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Abel Guillen, who introduced the proposal in March, says the legislation is part of broader effort in the city to reduce environmental waste. In 2006, Oakland adopted a policy called the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/PWA/o/FE/s/IDR/o/ZW/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zero Waste Strategic Plan,\u003c/a> which aims to dramatically reduce the city’s waste disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To make further progress on our waste-reduction goals and shift our culture away from single-use products, my ordinance will focus on ‘by request only’ use and better enforcement of existing legislation,” said Guillen in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.abelforoakland.com/abel_s_enews_reducing_waste_and_dumping_standing_up_for_immigrants_updates_on_housing_park_blvd_and_ballpark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley is considering similar legislation that would go one step further by banning single-use plastic straws altogether. Meanwhile straw-upon-request ordinances are already in place in Alameda, Davis, Manhattan Beach and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Big Culprits’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Local environmental advocates say that anti-plastic straw ordinances would eliminate a key source of pollution in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastic straws and stirrers are big culprits in trashing San Francisco Bay and our oceans,” David Lewis, the executive director of Save the Bay, told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Plastic-straws-stir-up-environmental-debate-in-11192651.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864939/the-last-straw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> to KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> radio program, the Plastics Industry Association says that straws are not the problem:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Straws have come under fire in some circles. But the issue with straws isn’t that they exist, it’s that they aren’t always being disposed of properly. No matter what straw is made of, it should not end up as litter. The real challenge is making it easier for everyone to better dispose of straws and single use products by enhancing our recycling technologies.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocate Nicole Kozlowski told Forum that the industry has been pointing the finger at consumers for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have surpassed the tipping point of how much plastic can be in the system and we can’t recycle our way out of this issue,” said Kozlowski, who is the co-leader of \u003ca href=\"https://www.surfrider.org/programs/rise-above-plastics\">Rise Above Plastics\u003c/a>, an initiative of the Surfrider Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straws are one of the top 10 items routinely found on beaches around the world, according to the nonprofit group \u003ca href=\"https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/International-Coastal-Cleanup_2017-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ocean Conservancy. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because plastic litter is not biodegradable, it ends up breaking into small parts that release toxins into the oceans, threatening the habitat of 500 wildlife species,\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Plastic-straws-stir-up-environmental-debate-in-11192651.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> including 23 endange\u003c/a>red species in San Francisco Bay, the Chronicle reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seabirds for example can ingest as much as 8 percent of their body weight in plastic, which for humans “is equivalent to the average woman having the weight of two babies in her stomach,” said Denise Hardesty, senior research scientist at Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Georgia environmental engineering professor Jenna Jambeck calculated that nearly 9 million tons end up in the world’s oceans and coastlines each year, as of 2010, according to her 2015 study in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/768\">Science\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For every pound of tuna we’re taking out of the ocean, we’re putting two pounds of plastic in the ocean,” said ocean scientist Sherry Lippiatt, California regional coordinator for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s marine debris \u003ca href=\"https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/\">program.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Bay Area cities are looking into reinterpreting current laws on the books to go after plastic rather than crafting new legislation from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz, for instance\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/home/showdocument?id=64417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">, expanded a 2007 ordinance\u003c/a> on food packaging to include straws, among other items. That went into effect in November of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Difficult to Recycle\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Because plastic is potentially recyclable, straws have traditionally been left out of the scope of these ordinances even though many waste-disposal sites don’t accept single-use plastic due to the high costs associated with processing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straws are especially difficult to recycle because their small size makes them difficult to sort, and they can clog up machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland, Emeryville and Albany have existing ordinances on waste reduction with similar wording to Santa Cruz, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/the-last-straws-several-east-bay-governments-aim-to-ban-the-plastic-foodware/Content?oid=7855804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Express.\u003c/a> On the other hand, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/4859\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.hayward-ca.gov/sites/default/files/Ch-5_A-11_PolystyreneFoamBan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward’s\u003c/a> ordinances explicitly exclude straws from their definition of “disposable foodware” and are therefore exempt from the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area legislation targeting single-use plastic straws is part of a growing effort in the state to curtail their use. An Assembly bill introduced in January would enact a straw-upon-request policy at restaurants statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 785,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704927947,
"excerpt": "Oakland is the latest Bay Area city to consider a proposal to bar food vendors from providing plastic straws unless requested.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Oakland is the latest Bay Area city to consider a proposal to bar food vendors from providing plastic straws unless requested.",
"title": "Straw Wars! Bay Area Push to Ban Plastic Straws Picks Up Steam | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Straw Wars! Bay Area Push to Ban Plastic Straws Picks Up Steam",
"datePublished": "2018-05-01T15:55:15-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:05:47-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "straw-wars-bay-area-push-to-ban-plastic-straws-picks-up-steam",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1923141/straw-wars-bay-area-push-to-ban-plastic-straws-picks-up-steam",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland is now the latest Bay Area city to consider a proposal to bar food vendors from serving plastic straws unless requested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Abel Guillen, who introduced the proposal in March, says the legislation is part of broader effort in the city to reduce environmental waste. In 2006, Oakland adopted a policy called the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/PWA/o/FE/s/IDR/o/ZW/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zero Waste Strategic Plan,\u003c/a> which aims to dramatically reduce the city’s waste disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To make further progress on our waste-reduction goals and shift our culture away from single-use products, my ordinance will focus on ‘by request only’ use and better enforcement of existing legislation,” said Guillen in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.abelforoakland.com/abel_s_enews_reducing_waste_and_dumping_standing_up_for_immigrants_updates_on_housing_park_blvd_and_ballpark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley is considering similar legislation that would go one step further by banning single-use plastic straws altogether. Meanwhile straw-upon-request ordinances are already in place in Alameda, Davis, Manhattan Beach and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Big Culprits’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Local environmental advocates say that anti-plastic straw ordinances would eliminate a key source of pollution in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastic straws and stirrers are big culprits in trashing San Francisco Bay and our oceans,” David Lewis, the executive director of Save the Bay, told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Plastic-straws-stir-up-environmental-debate-in-11192651.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864939/the-last-straw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> to KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> radio program, the Plastics Industry Association says that straws are not the problem:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Straws have come under fire in some circles. But the issue with straws isn’t that they exist, it’s that they aren’t always being disposed of properly. No matter what straw is made of, it should not end up as litter. The real challenge is making it easier for everyone to better dispose of straws and single use products by enhancing our recycling technologies.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocate Nicole Kozlowski told Forum that the industry has been pointing the finger at consumers for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have surpassed the tipping point of how much plastic can be in the system and we can’t recycle our way out of this issue,” said Kozlowski, who is the co-leader of \u003ca href=\"https://www.surfrider.org/programs/rise-above-plastics\">Rise Above Plastics\u003c/a>, an initiative of the Surfrider Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straws are one of the top 10 items routinely found on beaches around the world, according to the nonprofit group \u003ca href=\"https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/International-Coastal-Cleanup_2017-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ocean Conservancy. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because plastic litter is not biodegradable, it ends up breaking into small parts that release toxins into the oceans, threatening the habitat of 500 wildlife species,\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Plastic-straws-stir-up-environmental-debate-in-11192651.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> including 23 endange\u003c/a>red species in San Francisco Bay, the Chronicle reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seabirds for example can ingest as much as 8 percent of their body weight in plastic, which for humans “is equivalent to the average woman having the weight of two babies in her stomach,” said Denise Hardesty, senior research scientist at Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Georgia environmental engineering professor Jenna Jambeck calculated that nearly 9 million tons end up in the world’s oceans and coastlines each year, as of 2010, according to her 2015 study in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/768\">Science\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For every pound of tuna we’re taking out of the ocean, we’re putting two pounds of plastic in the ocean,” said ocean scientist Sherry Lippiatt, California regional coordinator for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s marine debris \u003ca href=\"https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/\">program.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Bay Area cities are looking into reinterpreting current laws on the books to go after plastic rather than crafting new legislation from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz, for instance\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/home/showdocument?id=64417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">, expanded a 2007 ordinance\u003c/a> on food packaging to include straws, among other items. That went into effect in November of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Difficult to Recycle\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Because plastic is potentially recyclable, straws have traditionally been left out of the scope of these ordinances even though many waste-disposal sites don’t accept single-use plastic due to the high costs associated with processing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straws are especially difficult to recycle because their small size makes them difficult to sort, and they can clog up machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland, Emeryville and Albany have existing ordinances on waste reduction with similar wording to Santa Cruz, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/the-last-straws-several-east-bay-governments-aim-to-ban-the-plastic-foodware/Content?oid=7855804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Express.\u003c/a> On the other hand, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/4859\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.hayward-ca.gov/sites/default/files/Ch-5_A-11_PolystyreneFoamBan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward’s\u003c/a> ordinances explicitly exclude straws from their definition of “disposable foodware” and are therefore exempt from the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area legislation targeting single-use plastic straws is part of a growing effort in the state to curtail their use. An Assembly bill introduced in January would enact a straw-upon-request policy at restaurants statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1923141/straw-wars-bay-area-push-to-ban-plastic-straws-picks-up-steam",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_856",
"science_5178",
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_3370",
"science_1189",
"science_554",
"science_269"
],
"featImg": "science_1923143",
"label": "source_science_1923141"
},
"science_1923154": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1923154",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923154",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1524855635000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1524855635,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Delta a Flash Point for Conflict as Climate Change Unfolds",
"headTitle": "California Delta a Flash Point for Conflict as Climate Change Unfolds | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is vital to water supplies for 25 million people and 4 million acres of farmland. It is linked to the Pacific Ocean via San Francisco Bay, which makes this water supply uniquely vulnerable to sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Yet understanding sea level rise in the Delta is complicated. The largest estuary on the West Coast of the Americas, it consists of some 70 islands and more than 1,000 miles of levees. It is also fed by California’s two largest rivers, which drain the Sierra Nevada range.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All of this complicates how sea level rise “propagates” through the Delta. It also increases the urgency of the need to understand how changing weather patterns caused by climate change will affect streamflow through the estuary.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To help with these questions, the Delta Stewardship Council, a state government agency, recently published a comprehensive new white paper on the issue: “\u003ca href=\"http://deltacouncil.ca.gov/docs/delta-plan/climate-change-and-delta-synthesis-public-draft-march-23-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Climate Change and the Delta: A Synthesis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.” To summarize the paper, Water Deeply interviewed Ronald Melcer, a senior environmental scientist at the council.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923161\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 672px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923161\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Melcer is a a senior environmental scientist at the Delta Stewardship Council, which has released a new white paper examining climate change impacts on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy Delta Stewardship Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What is the purpose of this report? Is it a first?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Ronald Melcer: We\u003c/span>’ve set out to do a series of synthesis papers that try and really distill the new science since 2013 related to various topics. We see climate change as a major one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t believe there’s been a synthesis of climate change specific to the Delta, though. So in that sense, this is new. It’s a more definitive look at climate change in the Delta than we’ve had before. We were really trying to set the stage for how we think about restoration in the Delta, and at the same time be as comprehensive as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What is your sea level rise projection in this report?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>Melcer: There is nearly a 70 percent chance that by 2100 we’re going to see 2.4ft of sea level rise at the Golden Gate Bridge. That’s with a low-emissions scenario, which is based on the Paris climate agreement. So if we were to do some significant work, it would take really relying on the best available technology, doing carbon sequestration and coupling that with a zero-emissions way of living. The way we operate on the planet would fundamentally change. It’s pretty optimistic to think that we’ll get there. But that’s what the Paris agreement calls for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The high emissions scenario is more akin to the trajectory that we’re on at this point. That\u003c/span>’s sort of a business as usual scenario. So if we don’t do anything, that’s where we’re headed. That shows 3.4ft of sea level rise by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: Will the Delta see the same magnitude of sea level rise as the Golden Gate?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: Depending on where you are, it will be less than these maximum numbers. But there are some interesting interactions that happen as land elevation changes and the forces of streamflow come in to meet with the tidal waters. That actually drives the water surface elevation up a little bit in localized areas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Currently we’re working on engaging some technical expertise to do a climate vulnerability assessment within the Delta. This is a key question we would be looking to answer: What do water surface elevations look like within the Delta? We’ll be identifying assets and vulnerabilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How will water flows change through the estuary?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: There is not universal agreement on the total amount of precipitation we would expect. But the big takeaways are that we expect to see higher streamflow due to rainfall in the winter across all the models. That ties back to atmospheric temperature, ocean temperature, warmer storms coming onboard. And on average, the peak of runoff would shift by one month earlier in the season.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What sort of management issues does this raise?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: T\u003c/span>he system is really predicated on a large snowpack that slowly feeds the reservoirs and river systems. So if we see shifts in runoff, that system starts to require changes in how we operate reservoirs. And that then has downstream impacts on our ability to provide for water supply and water quality management. There’s this cascading effect across all the functions that we rely on our reservoir systems for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What are the potential downstream effects?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: The Department of Water Resources has done some interesting modeling that shows the effects of just an increase in the frequency and magnitude of flood flows. There’s also an expectation that the occurrence of atmospheric rivers will increase. So on average, we expect flood volumes to increase 60–80 percent on the San Joaquin River, and 10–20 percent on the Sacramento River. That has to do with elevations of the mountain ranges in those different basins.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">These are significant increases in the amount of water that’s flowing across the landscape during a flood event. Whereas, historically we would see some of that contributing to snowpack and then being released slowly through the melting process later in the year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For some San Joaquin basin streams, we expect to see more than a 50 percent increase in 100-year flood events. That’s a massive increase in risk. We have an opportunity to start to figure out what that means, what our flood management infrastructure should look like, with some of the modeling work that\u003c/span>’s come out. We should be thinking about what we need on the landscape to pass that magnitude of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How will salinity change in the estuary?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: There are a couple of implications. An increase in water surface elevation increases the amount of salt water that makes its way into the Delta. We really focus on the implications for habitat, for fish species. That mixing point between freshwater and salt water is really important for the aquatic ecosystem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If we are to continue to manage water quality in the Delta with reservoirs, it really is going to require increased reservoir releases to counter that influx of salinity. Some studies have shown that, with 1ft of sea level rise, it would require almost 500,000 acre-feet of additional Delta outflow, generally in the form of reservoir releases, to meet salinity requirements as they stand at this point.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: That sounds like a lot of additional pressure on the state’s water system.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: It starts to paint a picture where we\u003c/span>’re having difficulty meeting all of those objectives. The implications of increasing streamflow in winter and less runoff later in the year leave us with reservoirs that are not full, and then we’re unable to really use managed flows to deal with things like salinity intrusion in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">We release flow at certain times of year to protect fish and their spawning activities. Supporting these fish becomes really difficult in these future scenarios where that flexibility continues to be reduced by dynamics of precipitation, sea level rise and salinity intrusion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/04/27/california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1282,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1704927959,
"excerpt": "Sea level rise and changing streamflows are converging with uncertain results in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Ronald Melcer, a senior environmental scientist at the Delta Stewardship Council, explains what the future may hold.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Sea level rise and changing streamflows are converging with uncertain results in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Ronald Melcer, a senior environmental scientist at the Delta Stewardship Council, explains what the future may hold.",
"title": "California Delta a Flash Point for Conflict as Climate Change Unfolds | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Delta a Flash Point for Conflict as Climate Change Unfolds",
"datePublished": "2018-04-27T12:00:35-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:05:59-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate",
"path": "/science/1923154/california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is vital to water supplies for 25 million people and 4 million acres of farmland. It is linked to the Pacific Ocean via San Francisco Bay, which makes this water supply uniquely vulnerable to sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Yet understanding sea level rise in the Delta is complicated. The largest estuary on the West Coast of the Americas, it consists of some 70 islands and more than 1,000 miles of levees. It is also fed by California’s two largest rivers, which drain the Sierra Nevada range.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All of this complicates how sea level rise “propagates” through the Delta. It also increases the urgency of the need to understand how changing weather patterns caused by climate change will affect streamflow through the estuary.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To help with these questions, the Delta Stewardship Council, a state government agency, recently published a comprehensive new white paper on the issue: “\u003ca href=\"http://deltacouncil.ca.gov/docs/delta-plan/climate-change-and-delta-synthesis-public-draft-march-23-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Climate Change and the Delta: A Synthesis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.” To summarize the paper, Water Deeply interviewed Ronald Melcer, a senior environmental scientist at the council.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923161\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 672px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923161\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ron-Melcer1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Melcer is a a senior environmental scientist at the Delta Stewardship Council, which has released a new white paper examining climate change impacts on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy Delta Stewardship Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What is the purpose of this report? Is it a first?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Ronald Melcer: We\u003c/span>’ve set out to do a series of synthesis papers that try and really distill the new science since 2013 related to various topics. We see climate change as a major one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t believe there’s been a synthesis of climate change specific to the Delta, though. So in that sense, this is new. It’s a more definitive look at climate change in the Delta than we’ve had before. We were really trying to set the stage for how we think about restoration in the Delta, and at the same time be as comprehensive as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What is your sea level rise projection in this report?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>Melcer: There is nearly a 70 percent chance that by 2100 we’re going to see 2.4ft of sea level rise at the Golden Gate Bridge. That’s with a low-emissions scenario, which is based on the Paris climate agreement. So if we were to do some significant work, it would take really relying on the best available technology, doing carbon sequestration and coupling that with a zero-emissions way of living. The way we operate on the planet would fundamentally change. It’s pretty optimistic to think that we’ll get there. But that’s what the Paris agreement calls for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The high emissions scenario is more akin to the trajectory that we’re on at this point. That\u003c/span>’s sort of a business as usual scenario. So if we don’t do anything, that’s where we’re headed. That shows 3.4ft of sea level rise by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: Will the Delta see the same magnitude of sea level rise as the Golden Gate?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: Depending on where you are, it will be less than these maximum numbers. But there are some interesting interactions that happen as land elevation changes and the forces of streamflow come in to meet with the tidal waters. That actually drives the water surface elevation up a little bit in localized areas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Currently we’re working on engaging some technical expertise to do a climate vulnerability assessment within the Delta. This is a key question we would be looking to answer: What do water surface elevations look like within the Delta? We’ll be identifying assets and vulnerabilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How will water flows change through the estuary?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: There is not universal agreement on the total amount of precipitation we would expect. But the big takeaways are that we expect to see higher streamflow due to rainfall in the winter across all the models. That ties back to atmospheric temperature, ocean temperature, warmer storms coming onboard. And on average, the peak of runoff would shift by one month earlier in the season.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What sort of management issues does this raise?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: T\u003c/span>he system is really predicated on a large snowpack that slowly feeds the reservoirs and river systems. So if we see shifts in runoff, that system starts to require changes in how we operate reservoirs. And that then has downstream impacts on our ability to provide for water supply and water quality management. There’s this cascading effect across all the functions that we rely on our reservoir systems for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: What are the potential downstream effects?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: The Department of Water Resources has done some interesting modeling that shows the effects of just an increase in the frequency and magnitude of flood flows. There’s also an expectation that the occurrence of atmospheric rivers will increase. So on average, we expect flood volumes to increase 60–80 percent on the San Joaquin River, and 10–20 percent on the Sacramento River. That has to do with elevations of the mountain ranges in those different basins.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">These are significant increases in the amount of water that’s flowing across the landscape during a flood event. Whereas, historically we would see some of that contributing to snowpack and then being released slowly through the melting process later in the year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For some San Joaquin basin streams, we expect to see more than a 50 percent increase in 100-year flood events. That’s a massive increase in risk. We have an opportunity to start to figure out what that means, what our flood management infrastructure should look like, with some of the modeling work that\u003c/span>’s come out. We should be thinking about what we need on the landscape to pass that magnitude of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How will salinity change in the estuary?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: There are a couple of implications. An increase in water surface elevation increases the amount of salt water that makes its way into the Delta. We really focus on the implications for habitat, for fish species. That mixing point between freshwater and salt water is really important for the aquatic ecosystem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If we are to continue to manage water quality in the Delta with reservoirs, it really is going to require increased reservoir releases to counter that influx of salinity. Some studies have shown that, with 1ft of sea level rise, it would require almost 500,000 acre-feet of additional Delta outflow, generally in the form of reservoir releases, to meet salinity requirements as they stand at this point.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Water Deeply: That sounds like a lot of additional pressure on the state’s water system.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Melcer: It starts to paint a picture where we\u003c/span>’re having difficulty meeting all of those objectives. The implications of increasing streamflow in winter and less runoff later in the year leave us with reservoirs that are not full, and then we’re unable to really use managed flows to deal with things like salinity intrusion in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">We release flow at certain times of year to protect fish and their spawning activities. Supporting these fish becomes really difficult in these future scenarios where that flexibility continues to be reduced by dynamics of precipitation, sea level rise and salinity intrusion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/04/27/california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1923154/california-delta-a-flash-point-for-conflict-as-climate-change-unfolds",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1923154"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_3151",
"science_3424",
"science_40",
"science_2873",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_324",
"science_100",
"science_206",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_1923160",
"label": "source_science_1923154"
},
"science_1922759": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922759",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922759",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1524252763000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1524252763,
"format": "standard",
"title": "The Bay Area Celebrates Earth Day",
"headTitle": "The Bay Area Celebrates Earth Day | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Earth Day, which takes place on April 22 each year, traces its roots to a 1969 oil spill off the coast of Santa Barbara. With California as the birthplace of the annual observance, the state will go the extra mile to honor the planet, with events planned in numerous cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Barbara oil spill, the largest oil spill at the time, awakened the American conscience and became one of the catalysts for the modern environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“America had been riding on a high for a long time, and all of a sudden this big oil spill opened people’s eyes as to what our lifestyles were creating,” Michael Lyons, president of nonprofit Get Oil Out, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the LA Times\u003c/a>, for a 2015 story about the history of the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catastrophic event, which devastated marine life and killed thousands of birds, led then-\u003ca href=\"http://www.nelsonearthday.net/nelson/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senator Gaylord Nelson\u003c/a> to organize a “national teach-in” on the environment on April 22, 1970. Twenty million Americans poured into the streets to show their support for the environment. Legendary news anchorman Walter Cronkite \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PL3480E41AA956A42B&time_continue=2&v=WbwC281uzUs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described it\u003c/a> as a “national outpouring of mankind seeking its own survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PL3480E41AA956A42B&v=WbwC281uzUs\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Earth Day has since become an annual tradition. Check out our guide below for film screenings and clean-ups, interactive workshops and musical performances, and other events planned throughout the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://alamedaca.gov/earth-day-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Alameda\u003c/span> \u003c/a>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>Earth Day Festival April 21, 2018, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922777 alignnone\" title=\"alamedaca.gov\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-800x850.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"353\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-800x850.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-160x170.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-768x816.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-1020x1084.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-1129x1200.jpg 1129w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-1180x1254.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-960x1020.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-240x255.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-375x398.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-520x553.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://thewatershedproject.org/event/earth-day-2018-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Albany\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Clean-Up, April 21, 9- 11:30 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.belmont.gov/Home/Components/Calendar/Event/5385/155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Belmont\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>Earth Day activities include an E-waste drop-off, document shredding, compost give-away, book recycling, games and prizes. April 21, 9am – Noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.cvsan.org/content/earth-day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Castro Valley\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day: Clean-Up and Recycle. Materials and light breakfast provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1922782 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-768x588.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-1180x904.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-960x735.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-240x184.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-375x287.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-520x398.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cupertino.org/our-city/departments/environment-sustainability/green-events-activities/earth-day-arbor-day-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Cupertino\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nPlanned activities include an Earth Day festival, bike campaign, food trucks, rock climbing, petting zoo, arts and crafts, electric vehicle demo, and live entertainment. April 21, 11am-3pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.el-cerrito.org/645/Earth-Day-Celebration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">El Cerrito\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Celebration\u003cb>, \u003c/b>April 21, 2018, 9 am-1:30 pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.emeryville.ca.us/1162/Environmental-Programs-Events\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emeryville\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Shoreline Clean-up, April 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.napaenvironmentaled.org/earth-day/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Napa\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nClean-Up & Festival, April 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://pacificabeachcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/earth-day-2018-poster.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacifica\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEco-fest, April 21.\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1922819 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-1020x1320.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-927x1200.jpg 927w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-960x1242.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-240x311.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-375x485.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-520x673.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster.jpg 1159w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofpleasantonca.gov/news/displaynews.asp?NewsID=365&TargetID=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Pleasanton\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nPresentations, workshops and screening of award-winning documentary \u003cem>Straws \u003c/em>at the Pleasanton Library, 1-4 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park Clean Up for ages 7 and up. Pre-registration is required at \u003ca href=\"http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pleasantonfun.com%2F&h=ATMTi6vkVpa7f7YmvCPny-Uiq4yz_MBePb9Sxn8KYVs4AboX-Q9vUhkN_Ak3uzEazbNP8x1lj5xXAR1oQMlhBVDqWyRTAP-3glBiexh4QUCUZacXUPw&s=1\">www.pleasantonfun.com. \u003c/a>Use registration code 6303.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://thewatershedproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>North Richmond Earth Day Cleanup, Sat., April 21, 9-11am. Register \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/earth-day-2018-at-wildcat-creek-tickets-44568593864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Albany Earth Day Shoreline Cleanup, Sat., April 21th, 9-11:30am. Register \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/earth-day-2018-at-albany-bulb-tickets-44160738959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here. \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://earthdaysf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nCivic Center Plaza, Sat., April 21, 11am-7pm.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1922783 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-800x1236.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"325\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-800x1236.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-160x247.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-768x1187.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-777x1200.jpg 777w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-960x1483.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-240x371.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-375x579.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-520x803.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.sanjoseca.gov/calendar.aspx?eid=6262\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day at Alum Rock Park, Sunday, April 22, 9am-4pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2eedea12c1cb29c9cc5e929cd/files/ad22796d-4ce7-4fef-bfaf-a35138eccdd8/SutainabilityFilmSeriesFlyer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">San Mateo\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFilm Series, April 18, April 23, May 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"details details-width\">\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sunnyvale.ca.gov/cals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Sunnyvale\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLiving Green Fair: Interactive activities at the public library. Drop-off for medications, mercury thermometers, batteries and cell phones. April 22, 12- 4pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://artvallejo.org/events/solano-county-earth-day-cleanup/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vallejo\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Clean-Up, Apr 21, 9am-12pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.townofwindsor.com/339/Earth-Day-on-the-Green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Windsor\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nWellness Expo: Events include free health screenings, exercise demos, children’s cooking classes, games, activities, and crafts and a plant sale. April 22, 10 am – 1pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://townofyountville.com/Home/Components/Calendar/Event/5262/24?backlist=%2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yountville\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nShredding and E-Waste Event, Friday, April 20, 12am-2am.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 560,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 28
},
"modified": 1704927976,
"excerpt": "KQED traces the local origins of the annual tribute and provides a list of events planned throughout the Bay Area.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "KQED traces the local origins of the annual tribute and provides a list of events planned throughout the Bay Area.",
"title": "The Bay Area Celebrates Earth Day | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Bay Area Celebrates Earth Day",
"datePublished": "2018-04-20T12:32:43-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:06:16-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-bay-area-celebrates-earth-day",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Events",
"path": "/science/1922759/the-bay-area-celebrates-earth-day",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Earth Day, which takes place on April 22 each year, traces its roots to a 1969 oil spill off the coast of Santa Barbara. With California as the birthplace of the annual observance, the state will go the extra mile to honor the planet, with events planned in numerous cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Barbara oil spill, the largest oil spill at the time, awakened the American conscience and became one of the catalysts for the modern environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“America had been riding on a high for a long time, and all of a sudden this big oil spill opened people’s eyes as to what our lifestyles were creating,” Michael Lyons, president of nonprofit Get Oil Out, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the LA Times\u003c/a>, for a 2015 story about the history of the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catastrophic event, which devastated marine life and killed thousands of birds, led then-\u003ca href=\"http://www.nelsonearthday.net/nelson/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senator Gaylord Nelson\u003c/a> to organize a “national teach-in” on the environment on April 22, 1970. Twenty million Americans poured into the streets to show their support for the environment. Legendary news anchorman Walter Cronkite \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PL3480E41AA956A42B&time_continue=2&v=WbwC281uzUs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described it\u003c/a> as a “national outpouring of mankind seeking its own survival.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/WbwC281uzUs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/WbwC281uzUs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Earth Day has since become an annual tradition. Check out our guide below for film screenings and clean-ups, interactive workshops and musical performances, and other events planned throughout the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://alamedaca.gov/earth-day-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Alameda\u003c/span> \u003c/a>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>Earth Day Festival April 21, 2018, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922777 alignnone\" title=\"alamedaca.gov\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-800x850.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"353\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-800x850.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-160x170.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-768x816.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-1020x1084.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-1129x1200.jpg 1129w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-1180x1254.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-960x1020.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-240x255.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-375x398.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header-520x553.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/header.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://thewatershedproject.org/event/earth-day-2018-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Albany\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Clean-Up, April 21, 9- 11:30 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.belmont.gov/Home/Components/Calendar/Event/5385/155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Belmont\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>Earth Day activities include an E-waste drop-off, document shredding, compost give-away, book recycling, games and prizes. April 21, 9am – Noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.cvsan.org/content/earth-day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Castro Valley\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day: Clean-Up and Recycle. Materials and light breakfast provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1922782 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-768x588.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-1180x904.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-960x735.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-240x184.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-375x287.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/FINAL-New-Logo-and-Look-2018-CAPS-WEB_2017-10-24-520x398.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cupertino.org/our-city/departments/environment-sustainability/green-events-activities/earth-day-arbor-day-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Cupertino\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nPlanned activities include an Earth Day festival, bike campaign, food trucks, rock climbing, petting zoo, arts and crafts, electric vehicle demo, and live entertainment. April 21, 11am-3pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.el-cerrito.org/645/Earth-Day-Celebration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">El Cerrito\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Celebration\u003cb>, \u003c/b>April 21, 2018, 9 am-1:30 pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.emeryville.ca.us/1162/Environmental-Programs-Events\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emeryville\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Shoreline Clean-up, April 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.napaenvironmentaled.org/earth-day/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Napa\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nClean-Up & Festival, April 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://pacificabeachcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/earth-day-2018-poster.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacifica\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEco-fest, April 21.\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1922819 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-1020x1320.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-927x1200.jpg 927w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-960x1242.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-240x311.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-375x485.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster-520x673.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/earth-day-2018-poster.jpg 1159w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofpleasantonca.gov/news/displaynews.asp?NewsID=365&TargetID=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Pleasanton\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nPresentations, workshops and screening of award-winning documentary \u003cem>Straws \u003c/em>at the Pleasanton Library, 1-4 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park Clean Up for ages 7 and up. Pre-registration is required at \u003ca href=\"http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pleasantonfun.com%2F&h=ATMTi6vkVpa7f7YmvCPny-Uiq4yz_MBePb9Sxn8KYVs4AboX-Q9vUhkN_Ak3uzEazbNP8x1lj5xXAR1oQMlhBVDqWyRTAP-3glBiexh4QUCUZacXUPw&s=1\">www.pleasantonfun.com. \u003c/a>Use registration code 6303.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://thewatershedproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>North Richmond Earth Day Cleanup, Sat., April 21, 9-11am. Register \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/earth-day-2018-at-wildcat-creek-tickets-44568593864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Albany Earth Day Shoreline Cleanup, Sat., April 21th, 9-11:30am. Register \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/earth-day-2018-at-albany-bulb-tickets-44160738959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here. \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://earthdaysf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nCivic Center Plaza, Sat., April 21, 11am-7pm.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1922783 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-800x1236.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"325\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-800x1236.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-160x247.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-768x1187.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-777x1200.jpg 777w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-960x1483.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-240x371.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-375x579.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1-520x803.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/EarthDaySF-11x17-1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.sanjoseca.gov/calendar.aspx?eid=6262\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day at Alum Rock Park, Sunday, April 22, 9am-4pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2eedea12c1cb29c9cc5e929cd/files/ad22796d-4ce7-4fef-bfaf-a35138eccdd8/SutainabilityFilmSeriesFlyer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">San Mateo\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFilm Series, April 18, April 23, May 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"details details-width\">\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sunnyvale.ca.gov/cals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Sunnyvale\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLiving Green Fair: Interactive activities at the public library. Drop-off for medications, mercury thermometers, batteries and cell phones. April 22, 12- 4pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://artvallejo.org/events/solano-county-earth-day-cleanup/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vallejo\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Clean-Up, Apr 21, 9am-12pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.townofwindsor.com/339/Earth-Day-on-the-Green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Windsor\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nWellness Expo: Events include free health screenings, exercise demos, children’s cooking classes, games, activities, and crafts and a plant sale. April 22, 10 am – 1pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"http://townofyountville.com/Home/Components/Calendar/Event/5262/24?backlist=%2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yountville\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nShredding and E-Waste Event, Friday, April 20, 12am-2am.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922759/the-bay-area-celebrates-earth-day",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_3424",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_856",
"science_182",
"science_1537",
"science_192",
"science_1037",
"science_25"
],
"featImg": "science_29424",
"label": "source_science_1922759"
},
"science_1922408": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922408",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922408",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523574055000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "global-warming-is-weakening-key-ocean-circulation",
"title": "Study: Global Warming is Weakening Ocean Circulation",
"publishDate": 1523574055,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Study: Global Warming is Weakening Ocean Circulation | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>Global warming is likely slowing the main Atlantic Ocean circulation, which has plunged to its weakest level on record, according to a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slowdown in the circulation — a crucial part of Earth’s climate — had been predicted by computer models, but researchers said they can now observe it. It could make for more extreme weather across the Northern Hemisphere, especially Europe, and could increase sea level rise along the U.S. East Coast, they said.[contextly_sidebar id=”rBXbrroqZ2YEkGIYJQGOOczDsnq7IBIn”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slowdown also raises the prospect of a complete circulation shutdown, which would be a dangerous “tipping point,” according to a study in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a shutdown was the premise of the scientifically inaccurate 2004 disaster movie “The Day After Tomorrow.” Study authors said a collapse is at least decades away but would be a catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know somewhere out there is a tipping point where this current system is likely to break down,” said study co-author Stefan Rahmstorf, a climate scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. “We still don’t know how far away or close to this tipping point we might be. … This is uncharted territory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other scientists are skeptical, citing a scarcity of data.[contextly_sidebar id=”NHnK3NaaMoXqY2V0rXvwyyEsFLqURaLU”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, called AMOC, is a key conveyor belt for ocean water and air, creating weather. Warm salty water moves north from the tropics along the Gulf Stream off the U.S. East Coast to the North Atlantic, where it cools, sinks and heads south. The faster it moves, the more water is turned over from warm surface to cool depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This overturning circulation redistributes heat on our planet,” said study lead author Levke Caesar, a physicist at the Potsdam Institute. “It brings heat from the tropics to the high latitudes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Caesar study and another one published in the same issue of Nature by a different team indicate that the Atlantic’s circulation is the weakest it’s been in about 1,500 years. And the slowdown is intensifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the middle of the 20th century, the speed at which the ocean moves water in the AMOC has dropped 15 percent, the study found, using cold subpolar water temperatures as an indirect measurement. And it has plummeted in recent years, the study concluded.[contextly_sidebar id=”Lw0kIwLUlZDhLNAgq3mazHe7QsPnD2TJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Gulf Stream, the warm water current where hurricanes can power up, historically veers away from the United States around the Carolinas or Virginia. The Gulf Stream now hugs closer to coast around New York, and there’s a significantly warmer bulge around Maine related to the circulation slowdown, Rahmstorf and Caesar said. The northern U.S. Atlantic coastal waters have warmed faster than most parts of the ocean in recent decades, researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists blame global warming in a couple of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warmer water lessens the amount of cooling and makes it harder for the water to sink and turn over. Ice sheets and glaciers in Greenland are melting and the fresh water is pouring into the area where the water turns over, making it less salty, less dense and therefore less likely to sink. There’s also more rain and snow in northern areas and more evaporation in southern areas, altering the flow, Rahmstorf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a slow change at the moment, but we’re changing it,” Caesar said. “One danger is in the unknown of what will happen. We should expect changes.”[contextly_sidebar id=”U4At75iQnf6Mh9rzLQIm9SGit6iW0eqq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahmstorf and Caesar looked at an established cold patch — about 2 million square miles (5.2 million square kilometers), or the size of India and Mexico combined — as the indirect measurements for the speed of the AMOC, calling it a fingerprint of the ocean circulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s clear that the circulation is weakening, said Colorado State hurricane expert Phil Klotzbach, who wasn’t part of the studies. Decades ago, that would have meant weaker Atlantic hurricane activity, but that hasn’t been happening and it could mean there is a difference in weakening in winter and summer, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andreas Schmittner at Oregon State University, who also wasn’t part of the studies, said the Potsdam group’s analysis makes sense, adding that as the world emits more greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels, we can expect it to slow further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But MIT’s Carl Wunsch said that the paper’s “assertions of weakening are conceivable, but unsupported by any data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Kevin Trenberth of the National Center for Atmospheric Research said his recent work faults regular cycles in the atmosphere more than the ocean. He said the Potsdam study doesn’t explain year to year variability, while atmospheric cycles do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahmstorf said his study averages data over a decade at a time to render year-to-year changes less meaningful. The work shows that it is ocean circulation that drives the changes in atmosphere, not the other way around, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "The slowdown in the circulation, a crucial part of Earth’s climate, could make for more extreme weather.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1725578221,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 24,
"wordCount": 904
},
"headData": {
"title": "Study: Global Warming is Weakening Ocean Circulation | KQED",
"description": "The slowdown in the circulation, a crucial part of Earth’s climate, could make for more extreme weather.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Study: Global Warming is Weakening Ocean Circulation",
"datePublished": "2018-04-12T16:00:55-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-09-05T16:17:01-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "Oceans",
"sticky": false,
"nprByline": "Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"path": "/science/1922408/global-warming-is-weakening-key-ocean-circulation",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Global warming is likely slowing the main Atlantic Ocean circulation, which has plunged to its weakest level on record, according to a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slowdown in the circulation — a crucial part of Earth’s climate — had been predicted by computer models, but researchers said they can now observe it. It could make for more extreme weather across the Northern Hemisphere, especially Europe, and could increase sea level rise along the U.S. East Coast, they said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slowdown also raises the prospect of a complete circulation shutdown, which would be a dangerous “tipping point,” according to a study in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a shutdown was the premise of the scientifically inaccurate 2004 disaster movie “The Day After Tomorrow.” Study authors said a collapse is at least decades away but would be a catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know somewhere out there is a tipping point where this current system is likely to break down,” said study co-author Stefan Rahmstorf, a climate scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. “We still don’t know how far away or close to this tipping point we might be. … This is uncharted territory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other scientists are skeptical, citing a scarcity of data.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, called AMOC, is a key conveyor belt for ocean water and air, creating weather. Warm salty water moves north from the tropics along the Gulf Stream off the U.S. East Coast to the North Atlantic, where it cools, sinks and heads south. The faster it moves, the more water is turned over from warm surface to cool depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This overturning circulation redistributes heat on our planet,” said study lead author Levke Caesar, a physicist at the Potsdam Institute. “It brings heat from the tropics to the high latitudes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Caesar study and another one published in the same issue of Nature by a different team indicate that the Atlantic’s circulation is the weakest it’s been in about 1,500 years. And the slowdown is intensifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the middle of the 20th century, the speed at which the ocean moves water in the AMOC has dropped 15 percent, the study found, using cold subpolar water temperatures as an indirect measurement. And it has plummeted in recent years, the study concluded.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Gulf Stream, the warm water current where hurricanes can power up, historically veers away from the United States around the Carolinas or Virginia. The Gulf Stream now hugs closer to coast around New York, and there’s a significantly warmer bulge around Maine related to the circulation slowdown, Rahmstorf and Caesar said. The northern U.S. Atlantic coastal waters have warmed faster than most parts of the ocean in recent decades, researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists blame global warming in a couple of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warmer water lessens the amount of cooling and makes it harder for the water to sink and turn over. Ice sheets and glaciers in Greenland are melting and the fresh water is pouring into the area where the water turns over, making it less salty, less dense and therefore less likely to sink. There’s also more rain and snow in northern areas and more evaporation in southern areas, altering the flow, Rahmstorf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a slow change at the moment, but we’re changing it,” Caesar said. “One danger is in the unknown of what will happen. We should expect changes.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahmstorf and Caesar looked at an established cold patch — about 2 million square miles (5.2 million square kilometers), or the size of India and Mexico combined — as the indirect measurements for the speed of the AMOC, calling it a fingerprint of the ocean circulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s clear that the circulation is weakening, said Colorado State hurricane expert Phil Klotzbach, who wasn’t part of the studies. Decades ago, that would have meant weaker Atlantic hurricane activity, but that hasn’t been happening and it could mean there is a difference in weakening in winter and summer, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andreas Schmittner at Oregon State University, who also wasn’t part of the studies, said the Potsdam group’s analysis makes sense, adding that as the world emits more greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels, we can expect it to slow further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But MIT’s Carl Wunsch said that the paper’s “assertions of weakening are conceivable, but unsupported by any data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Kevin Trenberth of the National Center for Atmospheric Research said his recent work faults regular cycles in the atmosphere more than the ocean. He said the Potsdam study doesn’t explain year to year variability, while atmospheric cycles do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahmstorf said his study averages data over a decade at a time to render year-to-year changes less meaningful. The work shows that it is ocean circulation that drives the changes in atmosphere, not the other way around, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922408/global-warming-is-weakening-key-ocean-circulation",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1922408"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_556",
"science_324"
],
"featImg": "science_1922414",
"label": "source_science_1922408"
},
"science_1922045": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922045",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922045",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1522890033000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1522890033,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Greenland Ice Sheet is Melting at its Fastest Rate in 400 years",
"headTitle": "Greenland Ice Sheet is Melting at its Fastest Rate in 400 years | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Greenland ice sheet\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is melting at its fastest rate in 400 years at a pace that has nearly doubled since the end of the 19th century, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017GL076641\">study\u003c/a> published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZLLASi7HqKFpu3kwwCEA9Dvfw7aITKt4″]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">That could have major consequences for global sea level rise, according to online environmental magazine \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/digest/greenland-ice-sheet-melting-doubled-over-the-last-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yale Environment 360\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Greenland ice sheet contains about 8 percent of the ice on earth, and if all of it were to melt in the coming centuries, global sea levels \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/quickfacts/icesheets.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would rise by 20 feet.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.9c8a7ee7200a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post \u003c/a>notes that the melting is already impacting sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">In recent years, as Arctic air and ocean temperatures have risen, Greenland has been losing more ice through melting on its surface and through iceberg breaks at its periphery. It’s currently contributing almost a millimeter annually to the rising of the oceans, more even than Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And the research suggests that global warming is largely to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[T]he study also noted that during past eras of warm seas or high blocking, melt wasn’t as extreme — suggesting that the steady global warming trend, representing a more than 2 degree Fahrenheit rise in Greenland since the preindustrial era, is the key to separating the present from past. — \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.6fa40cff7b6a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">When placed in the broader context of our planet’s history, the findings are pretty alarming,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.a958fd93b435\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> says lead researcher\u003c/a> Erich Osterberg, a Dartmouth glaciologist.[contextly_sidebar id=”MytjPi8UgzRIur6IN8Mna1d9DKB7HCsm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The last time it was as warm as now, we were getting much more radiation from the sun because of Earth’s orbit, and that was probably [7,000] or 8,000 years ago,” Osterberg told the Post.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">[contextly_sidebar id=”rRSdCg2zvXamqLMPS9kVMUihA41c7ueg”]Meanwhile “Scientific American” notes that while\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-400-years1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> icebergs get plenty\u003c/a> of media coverage, more attention needs to be paid to surface melting when assessing Greenland’s ice loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Much of the recent attention on Greenland’s ice loss has focused on icebergs breaking away from the ice sheet’s glaciers, eye-catching events that often draw media attention and capture the public’s imagination. But research suggests that melting from the surface of the ice sheet actually accounts for more than half of Greenland’s ice loss. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And with global warming becoming the norm, looking at the impact of greenhouse emissions will become crucial when making evaluations of sea level rise.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Essentially, the weather patterns that control these year-to-year changes become less and less important when you look over longer time scales,” Osterberg told \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-400-years1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientific American\u003c/a>. “Several decades into the future, the long-term warming trend from greenhouse gases — that’s going to dominate the signal.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 481,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 5
},
"modified": 1704928040,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The Greenland ice sheet is melting at its fastest rate in 400 years at a pace that has nearly doubled since the end of the 19th century, according to a new study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. That could have major consequences for global sea level rise, according to online environmental magazine Yale Environment 360. The",
"title": "Greenland Ice Sheet is Melting at its Fastest Rate in 400 years | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Greenland Ice Sheet is Melting at its Fastest Rate in 400 years",
"datePublished": "2018-04-04T18:00:33-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:07:20-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "greenland-ice-sheet-is-melting-at-its-fastest-rate-in-400-years",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate",
"path": "/science/1922045/greenland-ice-sheet-is-melting-at-its-fastest-rate-in-400-years",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Greenland ice sheet\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is melting at its fastest rate in 400 years at a pace that has nearly doubled since the end of the 19th century, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017GL076641\">study\u003c/a> published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">That could have major consequences for global sea level rise, according to online environmental magazine \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/digest/greenland-ice-sheet-melting-doubled-over-the-last-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yale Environment 360\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Greenland ice sheet contains about 8 percent of the ice on earth, and if all of it were to melt in the coming centuries, global sea levels \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/quickfacts/icesheets.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would rise by 20 feet.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.9c8a7ee7200a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post \u003c/a>notes that the melting is already impacting sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">In recent years, as Arctic air and ocean temperatures have risen, Greenland has been losing more ice through melting on its surface and through iceberg breaks at its periphery. It’s currently contributing almost a millimeter annually to the rising of the oceans, more even than Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And the research suggests that global warming is largely to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[T]he study also noted that during past eras of warm seas or high blocking, melt wasn’t as extreme — suggesting that the steady global warming trend, representing a more than 2 degree Fahrenheit rise in Greenland since the preindustrial era, is the key to separating the present from past. — \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.6fa40cff7b6a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">When placed in the broader context of our planet’s history, the findings are pretty alarming,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.a958fd93b435\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> says lead researcher\u003c/a> Erich Osterberg, a Dartmouth glaciologist.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The last time it was as warm as now, we were getting much more radiation from the sun because of Earth’s orbit, and that was probably [7,000] or 8,000 years ago,” Osterberg told the Post.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Meanwhile “Scientific American” notes that while\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-400-years1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> icebergs get plenty\u003c/a> of media coverage, more attention needs to be paid to surface melting when assessing Greenland’s ice loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Much of the recent attention on Greenland’s ice loss has focused on icebergs breaking away from the ice sheet’s glaciers, eye-catching events that often draw media attention and capture the public’s imagination. But research suggests that melting from the surface of the ice sheet actually accounts for more than half of Greenland’s ice loss. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And with global warming becoming the norm, looking at the impact of greenhouse emissions will become crucial when making evaluations of sea level rise.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Essentially, the weather patterns that control these year-to-year changes become less and less important when you look over longer time scales,” Osterberg told \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-400-years1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientific American\u003c/a>. “Several decades into the future, the long-term warming trend from greenhouse gases — that’s going to dominate the signal.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922045/greenland-ice-sheet-is-melting-at-its-fastest-rate-in-400-years",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_3151",
"science_3424",
"science_40",
"science_2873",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_182",
"science_192",
"science_556",
"science_2164",
"science_206"
],
"featImg": "science_1922051",
"label": "source_science_1922045"
},
"science_1921638": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1921638",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1921638",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1521764053000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1521764053,
"format": "standard",
"title": "The Trash Patch In The Pacific Is Many Times Bigger Than We Thought",
"headTitle": "The Trash Patch In The Pacific Is Many Times Bigger Than We Thought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Between California and Hawaii, there’s a teeming patch of garbage that’s stretched over an area more than double the size of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We already knew it was huge. There’s a reason it’s called the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch.” But new research has found that there is many times more garbage in this patch than previously thought – 4 to 16 times more than past estimates, according to a paper published today \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Nature Scientific Reports\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=”yD8fsGU5k8vxUrvP95KoKX36B7AOMSmG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, the scientists say there are about 79,000 tons of plastic in this patch. Lead researcher Laurent Lebreton, an oceanographer with The Ocean Cleanup Foundation, describes the experience of flying over the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You start to see one debris, two debris, three debris and so on,” he tells NPR. “Oh, there’s a crate, oh, there’s a buoy, oh, there’s a bottle. And it’s crazy because there’s nothing else around. There’s no land mass, there’s no humans, there’s nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lebreton chalks up the difference between this estimate and previous ones to more advanced research methods. The team took more than 7,000 aerial photographs of the area – a method that they say is more accurate compared to previous observations from boats. “We realized by doing this that the overall stark estimate was much bigger than what we thought already,” he says.[contextly_sidebar id=”2ZvfUEPEnydG5SYo0IIW7SsyLnm9ev42″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also trawled for samples of trash that they could analyze. More than three-quarters of the patch’s mass is made of pieces of trash bigger than 5 centimeters, the researchers say, and nearly half of it was made up of fishing nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, “we estimate 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic floating in this area,” Lebreton says. Plastic items that have broken down to very small pieces – also called microplastics – are most worrying because ocean animals can ingest them, then they work their way up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Increasing Plastic Waste\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt’s probably not just the improved methods that account for the larger estimate, Lebreton adds. The sheer amount of plastic also appears to be increasing. That’s clear when they compare the concentration of microplastics in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tsunami that hit Japan in 2011 also likely played a role in adding to the amount of plastic in the patch, though it’s not easy to tell where the debris is coming from. The best way to research that, he adds, is by identifying “clues, which could be like writings and logos and symbols and so on,” and 30 percent of those items are coming from Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patch is formed because of the Earth’s rotation, which creates water circulation around the equator that, in turn, powers clockwise currents in this area. But the researchers say that not every kind of plastic can travel all the way to the patch – it must be buoyant enough to float on the surface.[contextly_sidebar id=”8twaBFVWSfQnFaPdx7pgAAfB3hhMBbH2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most comprehensive study of how much plastic washes into the oceans was published three years ago. Since then, scientists and environmental groups have been trying to figure out where it goes and what happens to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how much plastic goes into the ocean — it’s estimated to be about 8 million tons per year — Lebreton says he expected to see more of it in the gyre, as the floating plastic pancake is known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously a lot of plastic is missing and one explanation is yes, a lot of it is likely sinking on the sea bed,” Lebreton says.[contextly_sidebar id=”gfYrNfr6CMxPcMWcZUqSWDMTT6hkAk0r”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that underscores this ongoing, age-old question — where are all the missing plastics?” says Nick Mallos, the director of the Ocean Conservancy’s Trash Free Seas Program. “There’s a lot of pathways along the way, whether it’s sinking into sediment, whether it’s being ingested by marine organisms, whether it is actually being spit out onto the beaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that it’s crucial to try to prevent fishing gear like nets from getting lost at sea. Part of the conservation strategy, Mallos adds, should focus on “major river arteries, coastal environments where the debris is most concentrated” — before it gets to the open ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cut off the source,” Mallos says, “and then let’s take care of what’s still out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Trash+Patch+In+The+Pacific+Is+Many+Times+Bigger+Than+We+Thought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 803,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1704928074,
"excerpt": "In total, there are about 79,000 tons of plastic in this area, more than double the size of Texas.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In total, there are about 79,000 tons of plastic in this area, more than double the size of Texas.",
"title": "The Trash Patch In The Pacific Is Many Times Bigger Than We Thought | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Trash Patch In The Pacific Is Many Times Bigger Than We Thought",
"datePublished": "2018-03-22T17:14:13-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:07:54-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-trash-patch-in-the-pacific-is-many-times-bigger-than-we-thought",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=596142560&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Christopher Joyce\u003cbr />NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 22 Mar 2018 17:41:42 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 22 Mar 2018 17:41:55 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/22/596142560/the-trash-patch-in-the-pacific-is-many-times-bigger-than-we-thought?ft=nprml&f=596142560",
"nprImageAgency": "UIG via Getty Images",
"nprImageCredit": "UniversalImagesGroup",
"source": "Oceans",
"nprStoryId": "596142560",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 22 Mar 2018 17:41:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1921638/the-trash-patch-in-the-pacific-is-many-times-bigger-than-we-thought",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Between California and Hawaii, there’s a teeming patch of garbage that’s stretched over an area more than double the size of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We already knew it was huge. There’s a reason it’s called the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch.” But new research has found that there is many times more garbage in this patch than previously thought – 4 to 16 times more than past estimates, according to a paper published today \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Nature Scientific Reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, the scientists say there are about 79,000 tons of plastic in this patch. Lead researcher Laurent Lebreton, an oceanographer with The Ocean Cleanup Foundation, describes the experience of flying over the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You start to see one debris, two debris, three debris and so on,” he tells NPR. “Oh, there’s a crate, oh, there’s a buoy, oh, there’s a bottle. And it’s crazy because there’s nothing else around. There’s no land mass, there’s no humans, there’s nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lebreton chalks up the difference between this estimate and previous ones to more advanced research methods. The team took more than 7,000 aerial photographs of the area – a method that they say is more accurate compared to previous observations from boats. “We realized by doing this that the overall stark estimate was much bigger than what we thought already,” he says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also trawled for samples of trash that they could analyze. More than three-quarters of the patch’s mass is made of pieces of trash bigger than 5 centimeters, the researchers say, and nearly half of it was made up of fishing nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, “we estimate 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic floating in this area,” Lebreton says. Plastic items that have broken down to very small pieces – also called microplastics – are most worrying because ocean animals can ingest them, then they work their way up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Increasing Plastic Waste\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt’s probably not just the improved methods that account for the larger estimate, Lebreton adds. The sheer amount of plastic also appears to be increasing. That’s clear when they compare the concentration of microplastics in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tsunami that hit Japan in 2011 also likely played a role in adding to the amount of plastic in the patch, though it’s not easy to tell where the debris is coming from. The best way to research that, he adds, is by identifying “clues, which could be like writings and logos and symbols and so on,” and 30 percent of those items are coming from Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patch is formed because of the Earth’s rotation, which creates water circulation around the equator that, in turn, powers clockwise currents in this area. But the researchers say that not every kind of plastic can travel all the way to the patch – it must be buoyant enough to float on the surface.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most comprehensive study of how much plastic washes into the oceans was published three years ago. Since then, scientists and environmental groups have been trying to figure out where it goes and what happens to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how much plastic goes into the ocean — it’s estimated to be about 8 million tons per year — Lebreton says he expected to see more of it in the gyre, as the floating plastic pancake is known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously a lot of plastic is missing and one explanation is yes, a lot of it is likely sinking on the sea bed,” Lebreton says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that underscores this ongoing, age-old question — where are all the missing plastics?” says Nick Mallos, the director of the Ocean Conservancy’s Trash Free Seas Program. “There’s a lot of pathways along the way, whether it’s sinking into sediment, whether it’s being ingested by marine organisms, whether it is actually being spit out onto the beaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that it’s crucial to try to prevent fishing gear like nets from getting lost at sea. Part of the conservation strategy, Mallos adds, should focus on “major river arteries, coastal environments where the debris is most concentrated” — before it gets to the open ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cut off the source,” Mallos says, “and then let’s take care of what’s still out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Trash+Patch+In+The+Pacific+Is+Many+Times+Bigger+Than+We+Thought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1921638/the-trash-patch-in-the-pacific-is-many-times-bigger-than-we-thought",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1921638"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_192",
"science_843",
"science_1155",
"science_1189"
],
"featImg": "science_1921639",
"label": "source_science_1921638"
},
"science_1921626": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1921626",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1921626",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1521746395000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1521746395,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Desalinated Water Doesn’t Have to Come From the Ocean",
"headTitle": "Desalinated Water Doesn’t Have to Come From the Ocean | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The California Department of Water Resources has awarded $34 million in \u003ca href=\"http://wdl.water.ca.gov/desalination/2017Cycle4Awards.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grants\u003c/a> to eight desalination projects throughout the state. The money is part of a round of awards for desalination projects, as designated by \u003ca href=\"https://www.water.ca.gov/Work-With-Us/Grants-And-Loans/IRWM-Grant-Programs/Proposition-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 1\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=”hUI6nVdV1PEPfKrni70ff3tufawP4LA6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While ocean desalination has often caught most of the public attention, two of those construction projects, in Antioch and Camarillo, focused specifically on inland brackish desalination, as did several of the other projects that received grant money. California has plenty of salty inland water,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/806524/water-windfall-found-in-drought-stricken-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> such as the water\u003c/a> in the upstream Delta or in underground aquifers that have absorbed soil salts. As local agencies look for more potable water sources, desalinating that local water may become an important part of the equation, says Richard Mills, the Department of Water Resources’ recycling and desalination chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not cheap. Mills says that brackish desalination can run from about $800 for an acre-foot of water to about $3,000. While these projects are generally cheaper than ocean desalination, costs vary significantly by location. Still, the proposed projects show that, despite the cost, there is still a lot of interest in brackish desalination. “That may mean that we’re running out of cheap water sources,” he said.[contextly_sidebar id=”qKThB4hgZBTNSY1ykLSmBw3XA8xhsCgm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water Deeply spoke with Mills about the projects and the role of brackish desalination, especially groundwater desalination, throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Water Deeply: In these awards, why is there so much emphasis on brackish desalination, as opposed to ocean water desalination?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Mills: I think that cost and the sustainability of implementation accounts for a lot of that. The cost of brackish water desalination is generally much less than seawater desalination, in part because the treatment itself – the cost is very much affected by the degree of salinity. The less salinity, the less cost. The environmental issues can [also] tend to be somewhat less, depending on the individual situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What are the current environmental impacts of brackish desalination?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: For open water intakes for brackish water – from San Francisco Bay or the upstream Delta – you have the effects on aquatic organisms in the water column. Brackish water [desalination] growth in California has been more focused on using groundwater, where the intake part isn’t so much of an environmental impact, other than the effect on the groundwater itself and potentially overdrafting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brine is the other key environmental issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is brackish groundwater desalination cheaper than seawater desalination?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: I should say that, for either ocean water or brackish water projects, there is a very wide range of project costs. If you just look at the treatment itself, the desalination treatment technology is to take the salts out of the water, and the most common treatment technology that is being used currently is reverse osmosis, which can be fairly energy-intensive and the amount of energy required is greatly affected by the concentration of the salts in the source water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the brackish water projects, we seem to be dealing in the range of 1,000–3,000 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids, whereas when we’re talking about ocean water, we’re more in the range of 30,000–35,000 milligrams of total dissolved solids. So you’re dealing with a concentration of salts that is about one-tenth that of ocean water, and therefore the cost itself is much less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1921629\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-768x516.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-375x252.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-520x350.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Poseidon Water Desalination Plant in Carlsbad, California, is one of the largest seawater treatment plants in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The brine is another significant cost, as well as an environmental issue. With ocean desalination, the quantities of brine are much greater, but one advantage is that you generally have the ability to discharge them into the ocean in an environmentally acceptable way. With inland projects, there’s the issue of what to do with the salts. Putting them in a landfill – could there potentially be contamination issues as salts leech back into the groundwater?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we can’t say that in an individual situation, brackish groundwater desalination is going to be a cheaper alternative, but as you see from the eight awards there is still a lot of interest in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How much do you think that brackish desalination will be a part of how California deals with water issues in the future?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: In the California Water Plan 2013, we had kind of an inventory of projects that were in place at the time, and also what seemed to be in planning. In 2013, there were 23 brackish groundwater desalination plants, and three ocean desalination plants. The ocean plants, at that time, were very minuscule in size, so the annual production and capacity was only 560 acre-feet a year, whereas with the brackish groundwater, the annual capacity was 139,000 acre-feet a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: As brackish desalination becomes a bigger part of California communities meeting their water needs, how is the Department of Water Resources balancing brackish groundwater withdrawal with the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: Well, one thing is that when we give grants toward the planning or even for construction, we’re expecting that there be an analysis of how the drawing of additional brackish water from the ground may impact the overall groundwater supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Groundwater Management Act, there’s a mandate to analyze these issues. I think that even if there wasn’t a prudent local effort to analyze the impacts on the part of the proponents of local brackish groundwater use, the groundwater management agencies that are trying to comply with the Groundwater Management Act are going to be a driving force to make sure that proper analysis is being done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Water Deeply: Thank you for talking with us. Is there anything else that you would like to say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: I think in summary, it’s not going to be on a statewide level a huge contribution to our state’s water supply, but it is important for many local communities who need a more significant source of supply, and it is a way to take advantage of a source of water that is currently unusable and being able to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This article originally appeared on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>Water Deeply\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, and you can find it \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/03/20/desalinated-water-in-california-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>here\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>sign up\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1096,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704928076,
"excerpt": "California has granted more than $34 million to desalination projects, and much of that money is going toward brackish water projects. That approach isn’t cheap or without environmental concerns, says Richard Mills of the Department of Water Resources.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California has granted more than $34 million to desalination projects, and much of that money is going toward brackish water projects. That approach isn’t cheap or without environmental concerns, says Richard Mills of the Department of Water Resources.",
"title": "Desalinated Water Doesn’t Have to Come From the Ocean | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Desalinated Water Doesn’t Have to Come From the Ocean",
"datePublished": "2018-03-22T12:19:55-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:07:56-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Ian Evans\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Water",
"path": "/science/1921626/desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Department of Water Resources has awarded $34 million in \u003ca href=\"http://wdl.water.ca.gov/desalination/2017Cycle4Awards.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grants\u003c/a> to eight desalination projects throughout the state. The money is part of a round of awards for desalination projects, as designated by \u003ca href=\"https://www.water.ca.gov/Work-With-Us/Grants-And-Loans/IRWM-Grant-Programs/Proposition-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 1\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While ocean desalination has often caught most of the public attention, two of those construction projects, in Antioch and Camarillo, focused specifically on inland brackish desalination, as did several of the other projects that received grant money. California has plenty of salty inland water,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/806524/water-windfall-found-in-drought-stricken-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> such as the water\u003c/a> in the upstream Delta or in underground aquifers that have absorbed soil salts. As local agencies look for more potable water sources, desalinating that local water may become an important part of the equation, says Richard Mills, the Department of Water Resources’ recycling and desalination chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not cheap. Mills says that brackish desalination can run from about $800 for an acre-foot of water to about $3,000. While these projects are generally cheaper than ocean desalination, costs vary significantly by location. Still, the proposed projects show that, despite the cost, there is still a lot of interest in brackish desalination. “That may mean that we’re running out of cheap water sources,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water Deeply spoke with Mills about the projects and the role of brackish desalination, especially groundwater desalination, throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Water Deeply: In these awards, why is there so much emphasis on brackish desalination, as opposed to ocean water desalination?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Mills: I think that cost and the sustainability of implementation accounts for a lot of that. The cost of brackish water desalination is generally much less than seawater desalination, in part because the treatment itself – the cost is very much affected by the degree of salinity. The less salinity, the less cost. The environmental issues can [also] tend to be somewhat less, depending on the individual situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What are the current environmental impacts of brackish desalination?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: For open water intakes for brackish water – from San Francisco Bay or the upstream Delta – you have the effects on aquatic organisms in the water column. Brackish water [desalination] growth in California has been more focused on using groundwater, where the intake part isn’t so much of an environmental impact, other than the effect on the groundwater itself and potentially overdrafting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brine is the other key environmental issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is brackish groundwater desalination cheaper than seawater desalination?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: I should say that, for either ocean water or brackish water projects, there is a very wide range of project costs. If you just look at the treatment itself, the desalination treatment technology is to take the salts out of the water, and the most common treatment technology that is being used currently is reverse osmosis, which can be fairly energy-intensive and the amount of energy required is greatly affected by the concentration of the salts in the source water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the brackish water projects, we seem to be dealing in the range of 1,000–3,000 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids, whereas when we’re talking about ocean water, we’re more in the range of 30,000–35,000 milligrams of total dissolved solids. So you’re dealing with a concentration of salts that is about one-tenth that of ocean water, and therefore the cost itself is much less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1921629\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-768x516.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-375x252.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/856161841-520x350.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Poseidon Water Desalination Plant in Carlsbad, California, is one of the largest seawater treatment plants in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The brine is another significant cost, as well as an environmental issue. With ocean desalination, the quantities of brine are much greater, but one advantage is that you generally have the ability to discharge them into the ocean in an environmentally acceptable way. With inland projects, there’s the issue of what to do with the salts. Putting them in a landfill – could there potentially be contamination issues as salts leech back into the groundwater?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we can’t say that in an individual situation, brackish groundwater desalination is going to be a cheaper alternative, but as you see from the eight awards there is still a lot of interest in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How much do you think that brackish desalination will be a part of how California deals with water issues in the future?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: In the California Water Plan 2013, we had kind of an inventory of projects that were in place at the time, and also what seemed to be in planning. In 2013, there were 23 brackish groundwater desalination plants, and three ocean desalination plants. The ocean plants, at that time, were very minuscule in size, so the annual production and capacity was only 560 acre-feet a year, whereas with the brackish groundwater, the annual capacity was 139,000 acre-feet a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: As brackish desalination becomes a bigger part of California communities meeting their water needs, how is the Department of Water Resources balancing brackish groundwater withdrawal with the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: Well, one thing is that when we give grants toward the planning or even for construction, we’re expecting that there be an analysis of how the drawing of additional brackish water from the ground may impact the overall groundwater supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Groundwater Management Act, there’s a mandate to analyze these issues. I think that even if there wasn’t a prudent local effort to analyze the impacts on the part of the proponents of local brackish groundwater use, the groundwater management agencies that are trying to comply with the Groundwater Management Act are going to be a driving force to make sure that proper analysis is being done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Water Deeply: Thank you for talking with us. Is there anything else that you would like to say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills: I think in summary, it’s not going to be on a statewide level a huge contribution to our state’s water supply, but it is important for many local communities who need a more significant source of supply, and it is a way to take advantage of a source of water that is currently unusable and being able to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This article originally appeared on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>Water Deeply\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, and you can find it \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/03/20/desalinated-water-in-california-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>here\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>sign up\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1921626/desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1921626"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_2873",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1193",
"science_572",
"science_192",
"science_843",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_1921627",
"label": "source_science_1921626"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=oceans": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 144,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 248,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_1924639",
"science_1924579",
"science_1924383",
"science_1924401",
"science_1923839",
"science_1923141",
"science_1923154",
"science_1922759",
"science_1922408",
"science_1922045",
"science_1921638",
"science_1921626"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_oceans": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
},
"source_science_1924639": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1924639",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Oceans",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1924579": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1924579",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1924383": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1924383",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1924401": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1924401",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1923839": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1923839",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1923141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1923141",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1923154": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1923154",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922759": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922759",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Events",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922408": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922408",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Oceans",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922045": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922045",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1921638": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1921638",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Oceans",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1921626": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1921626",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Water",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_2874": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2874",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2874",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2874,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/animals"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_255": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_255",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "255",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "whales",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "whales Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 259,
"slug": "whales",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/whales"
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_3370": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3370",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3370",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3370,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featured"
},
"science_206": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_206",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "206",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sea level rise",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sea level rise Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 210,
"slug": "sea-level-rise",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sea-level-rise"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 39,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/events"
},
"science_2549": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2549",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2549",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "marine animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "marine animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2561,
"slug": "marine-animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/marine-animals"
},
"science_324": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_324",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "324",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 330,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/oceans"
},
"science_2606": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2606",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2606",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sharks",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sharks Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2618,
"slug": "sharks",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sharks"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_5193": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5193",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5193",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chevron",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chevron Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5193,
"slug": "chevron",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/chevron"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
},
"science_36": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_36",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "36",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Food Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 38,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/food"
},
"science_248": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_248",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "248",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fish",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fish Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 252,
"slug": "fish",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fish"
},
"science_941": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_941",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "941",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fisheries",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fisheries Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 948,
"slug": "fisheries",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fisheries"
},
"science_247": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_247",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "247",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "salmon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "salmon Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 251,
"slug": "salmon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/salmon"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_856": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_856",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "856",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bay area",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bay area Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 862,
"slug": "bay-area",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/bay-area"
},
"science_5178": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5178",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5178",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5178,
"slug": "california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_1189": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1189",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1189",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "plastic",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "plastic Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1198,
"slug": "plastic",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/plastic"
},
"science_554": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_554",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "554",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pollution Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 560,
"slug": "pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pollution"
},
"science_269": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_269",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "269",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "recycling",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "recycling Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 273,
"slug": "recycling",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/recycling"
},
"science_3151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Future of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Future of You Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3151,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/future-of-you"
},
"science_3424": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3424",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3424",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future of You Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3424,
"slug": "kqed-future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/kqed-future-of-you"
},
"science_100": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_100",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "100",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 104,
"slug": "sacramento-san-joaquin-delta",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sacramento-san-joaquin-delta"
},
"science_201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "water-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-2"
},
"science_1537": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1537",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1537",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Earth Day",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Earth Day Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1546,
"slug": "earth-day",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/earth-day"
},
"science_1037": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1037",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1037",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "holidays",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "holidays Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1045,
"slug": "holidays",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/holidays"
},
"science_25": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_25",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "planet",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "planet Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 26,
"slug": "planet",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/planet"
},
"science_556": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_556",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "556",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global warming",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global warming Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 562,
"slug": "global-warming",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-warming"
},
"science_2164": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2164",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2164",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "greenhouse gas emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "greenhouse gas emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2175,
"slug": "greenhouse-gas-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/greenhouse-gas-emissions"
},
"science_843": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_843",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "843",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ocean",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ocean Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 849,
"slug": "ocean",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/ocean"
},
"science_1155": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1155",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1155",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pacific ocean",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pacific ocean Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1164,
"slug": "pacific-ocean",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pacific-ocean"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_1193": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1193",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1193",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "desalination",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "desalination Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1202,
"slug": "desalination",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/desalination"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}