window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_25788": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25788",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25788",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25752,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Fracking-feature-e1420074776733.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1420074582,
"modified": 1420074582,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Fracking feature",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25729": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25729",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25729",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25693,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Sierra-Nevada-snowpack-e1419916145918.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1419916032,
"modified": 1419916057,
"caption": null,
"description": "In 2011, lower elevations in the Sierra Nevada sported a healthy snow cover. (Comrogues/flickr)",
"title": "Sierra Nevada snowpack",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25687": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25687",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25687",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25663,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Washington-state-e1419883940895.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1419883879,
"modified": 1419883879,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Washington state",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25487": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25487",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25487",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25462,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1419287999,
"modified": 1419289420,
"caption": "(Josh Cassidy, Jeremy Raff, Josh Edelson, Scott Taylor)",
"description": null,
"title": "Year end stories",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25621": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25621",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25621",
"found": true
},
"title": "RS2531_IMG_0545-lpr",
"publishDate": 1419388628,
"status": "inherit",
"parent": 25508,
"modified": 1758751719,
"caption": "A tsunami warning sign in Crescent City, CA, which has a well-rehearsed response plan. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"credit": "Craig Miller/KQED",
"altTag": "A tsunami warning sign in Crescent City, CA, which has a well-rehearsed response plan. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"description": "A tsunami warning sign in Crescent City, CA, which has a well-rehearsed response plan. ",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/RS2531_IMG_0545-lpr.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1500
}
},
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25395": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25395",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25395",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25388,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria_feature-image-e1419037715518.jpg",
"width": 638,
"height": 356
}
},
"publishDate": 1419037503,
"modified": 1419037524,
"caption": "(Pacifica Hotels)",
"description": null,
"title": "Cambria_feature image",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25307": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25307",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25307",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25305,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1418960210,
"modified": 1418960290,
"caption": "Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24, 2014 in Napa, California. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)",
"description": null,
"title": "Napa_quake",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25178": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25178",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25178",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25153,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/rainwater-collection-system-e1418870031518.jpeg",
"width": 638,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1418770299,
"modified": 1418770299,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "rainwater collection system",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25008": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25008",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25008",
"found": true
},
"parent": 24915,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/10-Lone-Signal-e1418439112294.jpg",
"width": 636,
"height": 358
}
},
"publishDate": 1418430164,
"modified": 1418430164,
"caption": null,
"description": "Human hands on background of the moon and the sky",
"title": "Hands and moon",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_24972": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_24972",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "24972",
"found": true
},
"parent": 24909,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/AA9Q7388-e1418437853581.jpg",
"width": 638,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1418426117,
"modified": 1418426319,
"caption": "A skier at Alpine Meadows Ski Resort on Friday after a Bay Area storm left more than a foot of snow in parts of the Sierra Nevada. (Jeff Engerbretson/Squaw Valley Alpine Meadows)",
"description": null,
"title": "Skier Amie Engerbretson,Alpine Meadows,12.12.14",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_24894": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_24894",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "24894",
"found": true
},
"parent": 24757,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Storm_GIF.gif",
"width": 720,
"height": 480
}
},
"publishDate": 1418329978,
"modified": 1418330867,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Storm_GIF",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_24642": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_24642",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "24642",
"found": true
},
"parent": 24634,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/12290993595_30600f2df7_z-e1418080548549.jpg",
"width": 620,
"height": 348
}
},
"publishDate": 1418080453,
"modified": 1418080858,
"caption": "(Ian Abbott/Flickr)",
"description": null,
"title": "Uvas Reservoir",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"amystanden": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "210",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "210",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amy Standen",
"firstName": "Amy",
"lastName": "Standen",
"slug": "amystanden",
"email": "astanden@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amy Standen (@amystanden) is co-host of #\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap\">TheLeapPodcast\u003c/a> (subscribe on iTunes or Stitcher!) and host of KQED and PBSDigital Studios' science video series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>. Her science radio stories appear on KQED and NPR.\r\n\r\nEmail her at astanden@kqed.org",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amy Standen | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/amystanden"
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"lindseyhoshaw": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5432",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5432",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Hoshaw",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Hoshaw",
"slug": "lindseyhoshaw",
"email": "lhoshaw@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "lindseyhoshaw",
"facebook": "lindsey.hoshaw.9",
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_post_subscriptions",
"edit_usergroups",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"leadcoordinator",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lindseyhoshaw"
},
"kqedscience": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6387",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6387",
"found": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"firstName": "KQED",
"lastName": "Science",
"slug": "kqedscience",
"email": "kqedscience@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond by the flagship Northern California PBS and NPR affiliate.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "KQED Science | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kqedscience"
},
"mortegawelch": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6591",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6591",
"found": true
},
"name": "Marissa Ortega-Welch",
"firstName": "Marissa",
"lastName": "Ortega-Welch",
"slug": "mortegawelch",
"email": "mortegawelch@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Marissa Ortega-Welch is an intern for KQED Science News. Prior to this, she interned for KPFA in Berkeley. In addition to her radio work, she has taught environmental education for the past ten years and is currently the Youth Education Manager for the Golden Gate Audubon Society of the Bay Area. She’s also worked as a field biologist, surveying birds on the West Coast from California to Alaska, and specializing in identifying birds by ear. She holds a BS in Conservation and Resource Studies from UC Berkeley.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/da36042ce8c113649af16cf24a836fa1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Marissa Ortega-Welch | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/da36042ce8c113649af16cf24a836fa1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/da36042ce8c113649af16cf24a836fa1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/mortegawelch"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_news": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"score": 10.810253
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "News",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 251
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=news",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 251
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_25752": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25752",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25752",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1420207248000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1022
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1420207248,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Interior Secretary: Local Fracking Bans Are 'Wrong Way To Go'",
"headTitle": "Interior Secretary: Local Fracking Bans Are ‘Wrong Way To Go’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25788\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Fracking-feature-e1420074728976-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25788 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Fracking-feature-e1420074728976-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Fracking feature\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pumpjacks draw crude oil from wells on Signal Hill in Long Beach. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama’s chief custodian of federal lands says local and regional bans on fracking are taking regulation of oil and gas recovery in the wrong direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say that is the wrong way to go,” Interior Secretary Sally Jewell told KQED in an exclusive interview. “I think it’s going to be very difficult for industry to figure out what the rules are if different counties have different rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, two California counties added themselves to a growing list of \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/05/new-california-county-fracking-bans-likely-to-face-challenges/\">local bans on hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a>. Voters approved measures in San Benito and Mendocino Counties by wide margins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of fears out there in the general public and that manifests itself with local laws or regional laws,” Jewell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"Nat Geo - post\" href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2014/12/141218-fracking-ban-new-york-states-oil-gas-drilling-energy-news/\">recent move by New York\u003c/a> to extend a statewide ban does not sit especially well with Jewell, who, as a former petroleum engineer, has hands-on experience with fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a lot of misinformation about fracking,” Jewell said. “I think that localized efforts or statewide efforts in many cases don’t understand the science behind it and I think there needs to be more science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘I think that localized efforts or statewide efforts in many cases don’t understand the science.’\u003ccite>— Sally Jewell,\u003cbr>\nU.S. Secretary of the Interior\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“These are very troubling comments,” said Kassie Siegel, who directs the Climate Law Institute at the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In essence Secretary Jewell seems to be saying that communities around the country, the governor and public health commissioner of New York, and the over 600,000 people who wrote to the Interior Department urging her to adopt a ban on fracking, don’t understand the science and are just acting out of an irrational fear of fracking,” Siegel said. “It’s insulting, and quite simply wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siegel said “numerous studies” have established the health dangers posed by common oilfield chemicals, and noted that “the oil and gas fields on federal land under her jurisdiction are among the biggest sources of methane and ozone pollution in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jewell said she’s counting on government scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies to “really help us understand what is happening on the landscapes with hydraulic fracturing and also deep water injections, induced seismicity, those kinds of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas companies use fracking, or \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Fracking\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/fracking-california/\">hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a> methods to get at reserves that were previously too costly to pursue. Chemical slurries forced into underground rock fissures at high pressure create channels for crude oil and natural gas to flow to surface wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need is sound science that is driving our decision-making,” Jewell said, “and as a regulator that is exactly what we’re relying on as we are looking at releasing our own fracking regulations, which are out for public comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a public meeting in Napa in December, Jewell told KQED that the public is speaking. “They are concerned about this and they want to make sure any kind of oil and gas activity is done safely and responsibly in terms of their water supply and in terms of their communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And where does that responsibility lie?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is an industry responsibility,” Jewell said. “I’ve made it very clear to industry that it’s not my job to defend their practices; it’s their job to both ensure their practices are safe and then communicate with communities that their practices are safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not surprising that with state and federal officials in denial,” Siegel said, “Californians are taking action at the local level to protect themselves from all the perils of oil and gas drilling, and this is a trend that will continue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certainly there are more local measures in the works. The Los Angeles city attorney is drafting a moratorium for consideration by the city council, and officials in Monterey County are also considering placing a fracking ban on the ballot in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 728,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704932449,
"excerpt": "County and even statewide strictures are misguided, says federal lands chief.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "County and even statewide strictures are misguided, says federal lands chief.",
"title": "Interior Secretary: Local Fracking Bans Are 'Wrong Way To Go' | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Interior Secretary: Local Fracking Bans Are 'Wrong Way To Go'",
"datePublished": "2015-01-02T06:00:48-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:20:49-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "interior-secretary-local-fracking-bans-are-wrong-way-to-go",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25752/interior-secretary-local-fracking-bans-are-wrong-way-to-go",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25788\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Fracking-feature-e1420074728976-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25788 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Fracking-feature-e1420074728976-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Fracking feature\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pumpjacks draw crude oil from wells on Signal Hill in Long Beach. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama’s chief custodian of federal lands says local and regional bans on fracking are taking regulation of oil and gas recovery in the wrong direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say that is the wrong way to go,” Interior Secretary Sally Jewell told KQED in an exclusive interview. “I think it’s going to be very difficult for industry to figure out what the rules are if different counties have different rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, two California counties added themselves to a growing list of \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/05/new-california-county-fracking-bans-likely-to-face-challenges/\">local bans on hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a>. Voters approved measures in San Benito and Mendocino Counties by wide margins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of fears out there in the general public and that manifests itself with local laws or regional laws,” Jewell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"Nat Geo - post\" href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2014/12/141218-fracking-ban-new-york-states-oil-gas-drilling-energy-news/\">recent move by New York\u003c/a> to extend a statewide ban does not sit especially well with Jewell, who, as a former petroleum engineer, has hands-on experience with fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a lot of misinformation about fracking,” Jewell said. “I think that localized efforts or statewide efforts in many cases don’t understand the science behind it and I think there needs to be more science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘I think that localized efforts or statewide efforts in many cases don’t understand the science.’\u003ccite>— Sally Jewell,\u003cbr>\nU.S. Secretary of the Interior\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“These are very troubling comments,” said Kassie Siegel, who directs the Climate Law Institute at the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In essence Secretary Jewell seems to be saying that communities around the country, the governor and public health commissioner of New York, and the over 600,000 people who wrote to the Interior Department urging her to adopt a ban on fracking, don’t understand the science and are just acting out of an irrational fear of fracking,” Siegel said. “It’s insulting, and quite simply wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siegel said “numerous studies” have established the health dangers posed by common oilfield chemicals, and noted that “the oil and gas fields on federal land under her jurisdiction are among the biggest sources of methane and ozone pollution in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jewell said she’s counting on government scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies to “really help us understand what is happening on the landscapes with hydraulic fracturing and also deep water injections, induced seismicity, those kinds of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas companies use fracking, or \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Fracking\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/fracking-california/\">hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a> methods to get at reserves that were previously too costly to pursue. Chemical slurries forced into underground rock fissures at high pressure create channels for crude oil and natural gas to flow to surface wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need is sound science that is driving our decision-making,” Jewell said, “and as a regulator that is exactly what we’re relying on as we are looking at releasing our own fracking regulations, which are out for public comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a public meeting in Napa in December, Jewell told KQED that the public is speaking. “They are concerned about this and they want to make sure any kind of oil and gas activity is done safely and responsibly in terms of their water supply and in terms of their communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And where does that responsibility lie?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is an industry responsibility,” Jewell said. “I’ve made it very clear to industry that it’s not my job to defend their practices; it’s their job to both ensure their practices are safe and then communicate with communities that their practices are safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not surprising that with state and federal officials in denial,” Siegel said, “Californians are taking action at the local level to protect themselves from all the perils of oil and gas drilling, and this is a trend that will continue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certainly there are more local measures in the works. The Los Angeles city attorney is drafting a moratorium for consideration by the city council, and officials in Monterey County are also considering placing a fracking ban on the ballot in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25752/interior-secretary-local-fracking-bans-are-wrong-way-to-go",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1022"
],
"categories": [
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_429",
"science_955"
],
"featImg": "science_25788",
"label": "science_1022"
},
"science_25693": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25693",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25693",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1419948050000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1419948050,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Warm Temps Mean Less Snow for the Sierra",
"headTitle": "Warm Temps Mean Less Snow for the Sierra | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25729\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Sierra-Nevada-snowpack-e1419916145918.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25729 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Sierra-Nevada-snowpack-e1419916145918.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Nevada snowpack\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2011, lower elevations in the Sierra Nevada sported a healthy snow cover. (Comrogues/flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:30 p.m. Tuesday (Dec. 30): \u003c/strong>Today, officials announced this winter’s first manual snow survey, which shows snowpack in the Sierra is 50 percent of what is average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>December’s storms boosted water levels in state reservoirs, but unusually warm temperatures meant rain instead of snow for parts of the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a long ways to go,” says Roger Bales, Director of \u003ca href=\"http://snri.ucmerced.edu/\">U.C. Merced’s Sierra Nevada Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need three to four more good storms in order for the snowpack to get up to average or above average levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25715\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 264px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/field-station-682x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25715\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/field-station-682x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A solar-powered tower managed by Roger Bales and his research team measures trees' water uptake in the Sierra Nevada. (Roger Wynan)\" width=\"264\" height=\"397\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A solar-powered tower managed by Roger Bales and his research team measures trees’ water uptake in the Sierra Nevada. (Roger Wynan)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State water officials have estimated that California would need more than 150 percent of “normal” winter precipitation to substantially reverse the drought, now in its fourth year. Snow in the Sierra Nevada provides about a third of the water that the state relies on for drinking, business and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instruments that measure water content of the snowpack show that statewide, it’s at 51 percent of normal for late December. Most of the snow accumulates in January through March before it all starts to melt in April, says Bales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically the Sierra snowpack comes in four to six big storms each year and so far we’ve really only had one big storm this year,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales says those storms need to be cold so they produce snow instead of rain. This year will almost certainly go down as California’s warmest on record, making it harder for snow to stick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two things happen when you have warmer, drier weather after the first snowfall,” says Bales. “First, some of it melts and second, some of that water gets used for growing plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales and his research group use ground-based measurement systems and satellite data to study water cycles in the Sierra Nevada’s forests, meadows and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, more of his weather stations are surrounded by water instead of snow, meaning the team must rely on fewer data points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate warms and snow is only at higher elevations, there’s more uncertainty, which will become more common as the climate changes.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 430,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704932456,
"excerpt": "Despite those December storms, this year's Sierra snowpack is far below average for this date.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Despite those December storms, this year's Sierra snowpack is far below average for this date.",
"title": "Warm Temps Mean Less Snow for the Sierra | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Warm Temps Mean Less Snow for the Sierra",
"datePublished": "2014-12-30T06:00:50-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:20:56-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "warm-temps-mean-less-snow-for-the-sierra",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25693/warm-temps-mean-less-snow-for-the-sierra",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25729\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Sierra-Nevada-snowpack-e1419916145918.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25729 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Sierra-Nevada-snowpack-e1419916145918.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Nevada snowpack\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2011, lower elevations in the Sierra Nevada sported a healthy snow cover. (Comrogues/flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:30 p.m. Tuesday (Dec. 30): \u003c/strong>Today, officials announced this winter’s first manual snow survey, which shows snowpack in the Sierra is 50 percent of what is average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>December’s storms boosted water levels in state reservoirs, but unusually warm temperatures meant rain instead of snow for parts of the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a long ways to go,” says Roger Bales, Director of \u003ca href=\"http://snri.ucmerced.edu/\">U.C. Merced’s Sierra Nevada Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need three to four more good storms in order for the snowpack to get up to average or above average levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25715\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 264px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/field-station-682x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25715\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/field-station-682x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A solar-powered tower managed by Roger Bales and his research team measures trees' water uptake in the Sierra Nevada. (Roger Wynan)\" width=\"264\" height=\"397\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A solar-powered tower managed by Roger Bales and his research team measures trees’ water uptake in the Sierra Nevada. (Roger Wynan)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State water officials have estimated that California would need more than 150 percent of “normal” winter precipitation to substantially reverse the drought, now in its fourth year. Snow in the Sierra Nevada provides about a third of the water that the state relies on for drinking, business and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instruments that measure water content of the snowpack show that statewide, it’s at 51 percent of normal for late December. Most of the snow accumulates in January through March before it all starts to melt in April, says Bales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically the Sierra snowpack comes in four to six big storms each year and so far we’ve really only had one big storm this year,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales says those storms need to be cold so they produce snow instead of rain. This year will almost certainly go down as California’s warmest on record, making it harder for snow to stick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two things happen when you have warmer, drier weather after the first snowfall,” says Bales. “First, some of it melts and second, some of that water gets used for growing plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales and his research group use ground-based measurement systems and satellite data to study water cycles in the Sierra Nevada’s forests, meadows and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, more of his weather stations are surrounded by water instead of snow, meaning the team must rely on fewer data points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate warms and snow is only at higher elevations, there’s more uncertainty, which will become more common as the climate changes.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25693/warm-temps-mean-less-snow-for-the-sierra",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1213",
"science_109",
"science_1127"
],
"featImg": "science_25729",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_25663": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25663",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25663",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1419879591000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1419879591,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Washington State Offers Ambitious Cap-and-Trade Plan",
"headTitle": "Washington State Offers Ambitious Cap-and-Trade Plan | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25687\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Washington-state-e1419883940895.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25687 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Washington-state-e1419883940895.jpg\" alt=\"Washington state\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Washington State Department of Transportation/flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By John Upton\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Washington’s governor gets his legislative holiday wish, the Evergreen State in 18 months will launch one of the world’s most sophisticated and all-encompassing climate-pollution pricing programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Draft \u003ca href=\"http://www.governor.wa.gov/issues/climate/documents/CarbonPolutionAccountabilityAct2015_Z-0307.2.pdf\">legislation released last week\u003c/a> by the office of Gov. Jay Inslee (D) would — if sufficient support can be mustered from state lawmakers — raise an estimated $1 billion a year through a new levee on greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program would cap statewide pollution rates at levels that decline over time, with polluters allowed to trade state-sold pollution allowances among themselves. It would affect as great a share of carbon as any similar program operating in the U.S., while avoiding pitfalls of other programs, such as giveaways for certain polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was crafted to help Washington \u003ca href=\"http://governor.wa.gov/issues/economy/climateWorkgroup/documents/Leidos_ExecSum_20131011.pdf\">get on track\u003c/a> toward meeting its goals, established by the legislature in 2008, of producing no more greenhouse gases in 2020 than had been the case in 1990, with a further 50 percent reduction by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Windfall \u003ca href=\"http://www.governor.wa.gov/issues/climate/documents/carbon_market_revenue.pdf\">revenue under the cap-and-trade proposal would\u003c/a> ease entrenched shortfalls in transportation and education spending, reduce taxes and fund household energy efficiency improvements for poorer residents, and help meet the general costs of running the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘He talks about polluters; we talk about these individuals as employers throughout our state.’\u003ccite>–Brandon Houskeeper,\u003cbr>\nAssociation of Washington Business government affairs official\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The program would become the latest in a growing list of worldwide schemes that charge for the act of polluting the climate — with the dual goals of slowing climate change and, in many cases, providing funds to help tackle the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Congress unwilling to take action on global warming, efforts such as Washington’s are independently burbling up from American states and regions. Fusing together and promoting these “bottom up” approaches to climate action will be a heavy focus of the next international climate treaty, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-accord-struck-in-lima-18443\">due a year from now\u003c/a>, following the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/whats-at-stake-in-lima-climate-talks-18388\">failures of the Kyoto Protocol\u003c/a> and other attempts to dictate climate policy to nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts in the fast-growing universe of carbon markets lauded the Washington proposal’s technical prowess, which they characterized as best practice. “It’s about as good as you can design these things,” Environmental Defense Fund economist \u003ca href=\"http://www.edf.org/people/gernot-wagner\">Gernot Wagner\u003c/a> said. “It’s exactly what you ought to be doing to rein in emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The business body representing many of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/docs/ECYlistofEntitieswithMajorGHGEmissions12-18-14_F.pdf\">130 companies\u003c/a> that would directly pay the new $1 billion a year pollution tax, the costs of which would presumably be spread among customers — including, ultimately, households and motorists — is less enthusiastic. It worries about the economic impacts of the new fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned with how the governor is framing the debate,” Association of Washington Business government affairs official \u003ca href=\"http://www.awb.org/brandon-houskeeper/\">Brandon Houskeeper\u003c/a> said. “He talks about polluters; we talk about these individuals as employers throughout our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houskeeper said the association agrees that climate change is a problem that needs to be addressed. But he pointed to gradually declining greenhouse gas pollution rates in Washington in recent years as evidence that industry can improve its environmental performance without new regulations as it switches to more efficient energy technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25681\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 510px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Climate-Central-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25681\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Climate-Central-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"(Gov. Jay Inslee's office)\" width=\"510\" height=\"287\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Washington Governor Jay Inslee’s office)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://governor.wa.gov/issues/economy/climateWorkgroup/documents/Leidos_ExecSum_20131011.pdf\">state analysis, however, concluded\u003c/a> that Washington is not on target to comply with the 2008 law regarding required reductions in greenhouse gas pollution. It found that the requirement of reducing yearly pollution levels back to 1990 levels in 2020 would “likely” be met if a new cap and trade policy is implemented. Further steps would be needed to meet more ambitious reductions required by 2035 and 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other Washington experts interviewed, Houskeeper said he doesn’t know whether lawmakers will approve Inslee’s bill. A similar state bill failed in 2008. He acknowledged that a “unique budget problem in Washington” could help win lawmaker support for it. “We anticipate there will be a heavy push by the governor,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program would cover an estimated 85 percent of the climate pollution produced by Washington — the same proportion that California’s program will \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieta.org/assets/Reports/EmissionsTradingAroundTheWorld/edf_ieta_california_case_study_may_2013.pdf\">cover in the new year\u003c/a> after it expands to include transportation fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a joint project of nine northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states plus regions of Canada, by contrast, affects electricity generation only, covering \u003ca href=\"http://nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/crs/R41836.pdf\">22 percent of climate pollution\u003c/a>. The European Union’s trading scheme affects the electricity and manufacturing sectors, plus flights within Europe, \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/clima/publications/docs/factsheet_ets_en.pdf\">covering 45 percent\u003c/a> of the union’s 28 countries’ carbon pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”E8D1SbObECXTSOEexLI92g1Lrhkt6scP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inslee’s proposed program would affect pollution produced by factories, trucks and cars and power plants, including those that produce electricity in other states and import it across state lines. The program would lack the allowance giveaways for select polluters that reduce the potency of other programs, such as in Europe, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.rtcc.org/2014/10/29/poland-won-eu-2030-deal-does-the-climate-lose/\">Poland’s coal plants could get free passes\u003c/a> for decades to come. It could permit some allowances to be traded through other carbon markets operating in the U.S. and elsewhere — creating economic linkages that economists say can drive down the overall cost of climate action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite widespread opposition among members of Congress, carbon pricing and trading is being embraced by governments and industry worldwide — \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/09/22/governments-businesses-support-carbon-pricing\">even by Royal Dutch Shell\u003c/a> — as an approach that can simultaneously curb greenhouse gas pollution while raising money needed to combat climate change. Many see it as logical to charge for pollution, instead of expecting society to bear its costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, such as in Inslee’s proposal, such programs can help finance government spending following declines in revenue from other fees and taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Eberhard, a researcher at the Sightline Institute, a think tank focused on sustainability issues in the Pacific Northwest, recently \u003ca href=\"http://daily.sightline.org/2014/11/17/all-the-worlds-carbon-pricing-systems-in-one-animated-map/\">counted 39 carbon pricing programs\u003c/a> in place across the world, from the flagship trading scheme operated by the European Union to a \u003ca href=\"https://icapcarbonaction.com/index.php?option=com_etsmap&task=export&format=pdf&layout=list&systems%5B%5D=46\">2-year-old program in Kazakhstan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She concluded that 12 percent of the globe’s carbon pollution now comes under the control of such programs — a figure that will rise to nearly a quarter after China begins a national program in 2016. “Sightline for many years has been saying we should price pollution,” Eberhard said. “So this is an exciting proposal for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state senate is controlled by Republicans, and the Republican chair of the senate’s energy and environment committee, Doug Ericksen, also said it was too early to say what would happen to the bill if it reaches his chamber next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the battle over the legislation could be fought largely on non-environmental grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington’s \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.seattletimes.com/politicsnorthwest/2014/09/11/supreme-court-finds-legislature-in-contempt-on-education-funding/\">legislature is being held in contempt of court\u003c/a> by the state’s Supreme Court for failing to provide sufficient funds for public education. Sanctions have been threatened if the problem remains unfixed by the end of 2015, and Inslee has proposed that the carbon allowance fees would be used to provide hundreds of millions of dollars for education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/washington/chris-davis-q-a.xml\">Chris Davis\u003c/a>, a carbon markets advisor to Inslee, said “shifts the balance politically” in the cap-and-trade proposal’s favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1266,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 29
},
"modified": 1704932458,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "By John Upton Climate Central If Washington’s governor gets his legislative holiday wish, the Evergreen State in 18 months will launch one of the world’s most sophisticated and all-encompassing climate-pollution pricing programs. Draft legislation released last week by the office of Gov. Jay Inslee (D) would — if sufficient support can be mustered from state lawmakers",
"title": "Washington State Offers Ambitious Cap-and-Trade Plan | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Washington State Offers Ambitious Cap-and-Trade Plan",
"datePublished": "2014-12-29T10:59:51-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:20:58-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "washington-state-offers-ambitious-cap-and-trade-plan",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25663/washington-state-offers-ambitious-cap-and-trade-plan",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25687\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Washington-state-e1419883940895.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25687 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Washington-state-e1419883940895.jpg\" alt=\"Washington state\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Washington State Department of Transportation/flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By John Upton\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Washington’s governor gets his legislative holiday wish, the Evergreen State in 18 months will launch one of the world’s most sophisticated and all-encompassing climate-pollution pricing programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Draft \u003ca href=\"http://www.governor.wa.gov/issues/climate/documents/CarbonPolutionAccountabilityAct2015_Z-0307.2.pdf\">legislation released last week\u003c/a> by the office of Gov. Jay Inslee (D) would — if sufficient support can be mustered from state lawmakers — raise an estimated $1 billion a year through a new levee on greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program would cap statewide pollution rates at levels that decline over time, with polluters allowed to trade state-sold pollution allowances among themselves. It would affect as great a share of carbon as any similar program operating in the U.S., while avoiding pitfalls of other programs, such as giveaways for certain polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was crafted to help Washington \u003ca href=\"http://governor.wa.gov/issues/economy/climateWorkgroup/documents/Leidos_ExecSum_20131011.pdf\">get on track\u003c/a> toward meeting its goals, established by the legislature in 2008, of producing no more greenhouse gases in 2020 than had been the case in 1990, with a further 50 percent reduction by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Windfall \u003ca href=\"http://www.governor.wa.gov/issues/climate/documents/carbon_market_revenue.pdf\">revenue under the cap-and-trade proposal would\u003c/a> ease entrenched shortfalls in transportation and education spending, reduce taxes and fund household energy efficiency improvements for poorer residents, and help meet the general costs of running the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘He talks about polluters; we talk about these individuals as employers throughout our state.’\u003ccite>–Brandon Houskeeper,\u003cbr>\nAssociation of Washington Business government affairs official\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The program would become the latest in a growing list of worldwide schemes that charge for the act of polluting the climate — with the dual goals of slowing climate change and, in many cases, providing funds to help tackle the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Congress unwilling to take action on global warming, efforts such as Washington’s are independently burbling up from American states and regions. Fusing together and promoting these “bottom up” approaches to climate action will be a heavy focus of the next international climate treaty, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-accord-struck-in-lima-18443\">due a year from now\u003c/a>, following the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/whats-at-stake-in-lima-climate-talks-18388\">failures of the Kyoto Protocol\u003c/a> and other attempts to dictate climate policy to nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts in the fast-growing universe of carbon markets lauded the Washington proposal’s technical prowess, which they characterized as best practice. “It’s about as good as you can design these things,” Environmental Defense Fund economist \u003ca href=\"http://www.edf.org/people/gernot-wagner\">Gernot Wagner\u003c/a> said. “It’s exactly what you ought to be doing to rein in emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The business body representing many of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/docs/ECYlistofEntitieswithMajorGHGEmissions12-18-14_F.pdf\">130 companies\u003c/a> that would directly pay the new $1 billion a year pollution tax, the costs of which would presumably be spread among customers — including, ultimately, households and motorists — is less enthusiastic. It worries about the economic impacts of the new fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned with how the governor is framing the debate,” Association of Washington Business government affairs official \u003ca href=\"http://www.awb.org/brandon-houskeeper/\">Brandon Houskeeper\u003c/a> said. “He talks about polluters; we talk about these individuals as employers throughout our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houskeeper said the association agrees that climate change is a problem that needs to be addressed. But he pointed to gradually declining greenhouse gas pollution rates in Washington in recent years as evidence that industry can improve its environmental performance without new regulations as it switches to more efficient energy technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25681\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 510px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Climate-Central-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25681\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Climate-Central-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"(Gov. Jay Inslee's office)\" width=\"510\" height=\"287\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Washington Governor Jay Inslee’s office)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://governor.wa.gov/issues/economy/climateWorkgroup/documents/Leidos_ExecSum_20131011.pdf\">state analysis, however, concluded\u003c/a> that Washington is not on target to comply with the 2008 law regarding required reductions in greenhouse gas pollution. It found that the requirement of reducing yearly pollution levels back to 1990 levels in 2020 would “likely” be met if a new cap and trade policy is implemented. Further steps would be needed to meet more ambitious reductions required by 2035 and 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other Washington experts interviewed, Houskeeper said he doesn’t know whether lawmakers will approve Inslee’s bill. A similar state bill failed in 2008. He acknowledged that a “unique budget problem in Washington” could help win lawmaker support for it. “We anticipate there will be a heavy push by the governor,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program would cover an estimated 85 percent of the climate pollution produced by Washington — the same proportion that California’s program will \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieta.org/assets/Reports/EmissionsTradingAroundTheWorld/edf_ieta_california_case_study_may_2013.pdf\">cover in the new year\u003c/a> after it expands to include transportation fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a joint project of nine northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states plus regions of Canada, by contrast, affects electricity generation only, covering \u003ca href=\"http://nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/crs/R41836.pdf\">22 percent of climate pollution\u003c/a>. The European Union’s trading scheme affects the electricity and manufacturing sectors, plus flights within Europe, \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/clima/publications/docs/factsheet_ets_en.pdf\">covering 45 percent\u003c/a> of the union’s 28 countries’ carbon pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inslee’s proposed program would affect pollution produced by factories, trucks and cars and power plants, including those that produce electricity in other states and import it across state lines. The program would lack the allowance giveaways for select polluters that reduce the potency of other programs, such as in Europe, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.rtcc.org/2014/10/29/poland-won-eu-2030-deal-does-the-climate-lose/\">Poland’s coal plants could get free passes\u003c/a> for decades to come. It could permit some allowances to be traded through other carbon markets operating in the U.S. and elsewhere — creating economic linkages that economists say can drive down the overall cost of climate action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite widespread opposition among members of Congress, carbon pricing and trading is being embraced by governments and industry worldwide — \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/09/22/governments-businesses-support-carbon-pricing\">even by Royal Dutch Shell\u003c/a> — as an approach that can simultaneously curb greenhouse gas pollution while raising money needed to combat climate change. Many see it as logical to charge for pollution, instead of expecting society to bear its costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, such as in Inslee’s proposal, such programs can help finance government spending following declines in revenue from other fees and taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Eberhard, a researcher at the Sightline Institute, a think tank focused on sustainability issues in the Pacific Northwest, recently \u003ca href=\"http://daily.sightline.org/2014/11/17/all-the-worlds-carbon-pricing-systems-in-one-animated-map/\">counted 39 carbon pricing programs\u003c/a> in place across the world, from the flagship trading scheme operated by the European Union to a \u003ca href=\"https://icapcarbonaction.com/index.php?option=com_etsmap&task=export&format=pdf&layout=list&systems%5B%5D=46\">2-year-old program in Kazakhstan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She concluded that 12 percent of the globe’s carbon pollution now comes under the control of such programs — a figure that will rise to nearly a quarter after China begins a national program in 2016. “Sightline for many years has been saying we should price pollution,” Eberhard said. “So this is an exciting proposal for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state senate is controlled by Republicans, and the Republican chair of the senate’s energy and environment committee, Doug Ericksen, also said it was too early to say what would happen to the bill if it reaches his chamber next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the battle over the legislation could be fought largely on non-environmental grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington’s \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.seattletimes.com/politicsnorthwest/2014/09/11/supreme-court-finds-legislature-in-contempt-on-education-funding/\">legislature is being held in contempt of court\u003c/a> by the state’s Supreme Court for failing to provide sufficient funds for public education. Sanctions have been threatened if the problem remains unfixed by the end of 2015, and Inslee has proposed that the carbon allowance fees would be used to provide hundreds of millions of dollars for education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/washington/chris-davis-q-a.xml\">Chris Davis\u003c/a>, a carbon markets advisor to Inslee, said “shifts the balance politically” in the cap-and-trade proposal’s favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25663/washington-state-offers-ambitious-cap-and-trade-plan",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_121",
"science_2164"
],
"featImg": "science_25687",
"label": "science"
},
"science_25462": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25462",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25462",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1419602436000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1419602436,
"format": "aside",
"title": "KQED Science's Top Five Stories of 2014",
"headTitle": "KQED Science’s Top Five Stories of 2014 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25487\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25487 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg\" alt=\"Year end stories\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy, Jeremy Raff, Josh Edelson, Scott Taylor)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year, our reporters and producers \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/02/the-hidden-perils-of-permafrost/\">exposed themselves to freezing temperatures\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">flew a helicopter with brain waves\u003c/a> and visited \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/for-san-francisco-bone-collector-skulls-are-a-lifelong-love-affair/\">a bone collector’s basement\u003c/a> to bring you a diverse array of science stories. We launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a> (a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios\">PBS Digital Studios\u003c/a> video series), won some top awards and created our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/\">Drought Watch\u003c/a> page to chronicle water scarcity in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are the top stories (based on the number of views) that you enjoyed in 2014:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-20940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg\" alt=\"Screengrab from UC Berkeley ShakeAlert video. \" width=\"722\" height=\"491\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">UC Berkeley System Gave Early Warning of South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Napa Valley on August 24, scientists at UC Berkeley and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) saw their early warning system in action. ShakeAlert at UC Berkeley detected the quake five seconds before it struck. In December \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/16/california-gets-5-million-for-earthquake-early-warning-system\">Congress set aside $5 million\u003c/a> for the system; the USGS still needs $11 million to fully fund the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25493\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Galls-Marquee-2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25493 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Galls-Marquee-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Galls-Marquee-2\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/18/what-gall-the-crazy-cribs-of-parasitic-wasps/\">What Gall! The Crazy Cribs of Parasitic Wasps\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our third \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a> episode, we investigated “oak apples,” the strange galls that grow on oak trees and house larvae for insects like parasitic wasps. When creatures like \u003ca href=\"http://leftcoastnatty.blogspot.com/2010/09/oak-gall-wasps-cynipids.html\">Cynipids\u003c/a> introduce chemicals to a tree, the plant’s hormones go into overdrive and create growths of varying sizes and colors. It’s a bizarre process and it’s not surprising people wanted to see how these alien-looking structures form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25495\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/lunar-eclipse-1024x731.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25495 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/lunar-eclipse-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"041027-N-9500T-001\" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Scott Taylor/U.S. Navy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/03/set-your-alarm-for-the-early-morning-total-lunar-eclipse-on-october-8/\">Set Your Alarm for the Early Morning Total Lunar Eclipse on October 8\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total lunar eclipse on October 8 started at 1 AM and was visible from North America, Australia, western South America and parts of East Asia. If you missed it, not to worry — the eclipse was part of a tetrad of lunar eclipses, with the next two scheduled to occur in April and September of next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25506\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/martins-beach-access-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-25506\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/martins-beach-access-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"(Jeremy Raff/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jeremy Raff/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/silicon-valley-billionaire-battles-surfers-over-beach-access/\">Silicon Valley Billionaire Battles Surfers Over Beach Access\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over Martins Beach, three miles south of Half Moon Bay, began when Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla blocked public access to the area. Surfers had used the access road to the beach for decades, but after Khosla bought the property, the venture capitalist posted a no-trespassing sign. Four lawsuits were filed, and in October a San Mateo County Superior Court judge \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/24/martins-beach-ruling-superior-court-judge/\">ruled that the venture capitalist needs a coastal development permit\u003c/a> in order to close the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25515\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/pygmy-seahorses.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25515 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/pygmy-seahorses.jpg\" alt=\"pygmy seahorses\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>1. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/21/pygmy-seahorses-masters-of-camouflage/\">Pygmy Seahorses: Masters of Camouflage\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our pilot episode of Deep Look was our most popular piece by far with more than 100,00 YouTube views. It tells the story of how baby seahorses attach to vibrant corals, and take on their colors to become nearly invisible. Biologists at the California Academy of Sciences have successfully bred the seahorses in captivity for the first time. In this video we see the seahorses’ amazing act of camouflage and ask the question — what is identity?\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 517,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704932472,
"excerpt": "From the launch of our original web video series Deep Look to our stories over the science of schizophrenia and the politics of water — it's been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here's a round-up of our top 5 stories (based on page views) that you enjoyed in 2014.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "From the launch of our original web video series Deep Look to our stories over the science of schizophrenia and the politics of water — it's been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here's a round-up of our top 5 stories (based on page views) that you enjoyed in 2014.",
"title": "KQED Science's Top Five Stories of 2014 | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "KQED Science's Top Five Stories of 2014",
"datePublished": "2014-12-26T06:00:36-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:21:12-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "kqed-sciences-top-five-stories-of-2014",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25462/kqed-sciences-top-five-stories-of-2014",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25487\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25487 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg\" alt=\"Year end stories\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy, Jeremy Raff, Josh Edelson, Scott Taylor)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year, our reporters and producers \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/02/the-hidden-perils-of-permafrost/\">exposed themselves to freezing temperatures\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">flew a helicopter with brain waves\u003c/a> and visited \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/for-san-francisco-bone-collector-skulls-are-a-lifelong-love-affair/\">a bone collector’s basement\u003c/a> to bring you a diverse array of science stories. We launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a> (a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios\">PBS Digital Studios\u003c/a> video series), won some top awards and created our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/\">Drought Watch\u003c/a> page to chronicle water scarcity in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are the top stories (based on the number of views) that you enjoyed in 2014:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-20940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg\" alt=\"Screengrab from UC Berkeley ShakeAlert video. \" width=\"722\" height=\"491\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">UC Berkeley System Gave Early Warning of South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Napa Valley on August 24, scientists at UC Berkeley and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) saw their early warning system in action. ShakeAlert at UC Berkeley detected the quake five seconds before it struck. In December \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/16/california-gets-5-million-for-earthquake-early-warning-system\">Congress set aside $5 million\u003c/a> for the system; the USGS still needs $11 million to fully fund the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25493\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Galls-Marquee-2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25493 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Galls-Marquee-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Galls-Marquee-2\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/18/what-gall-the-crazy-cribs-of-parasitic-wasps/\">What Gall! The Crazy Cribs of Parasitic Wasps\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our third \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a> episode, we investigated “oak apples,” the strange galls that grow on oak trees and house larvae for insects like parasitic wasps. When creatures like \u003ca href=\"http://leftcoastnatty.blogspot.com/2010/09/oak-gall-wasps-cynipids.html\">Cynipids\u003c/a> introduce chemicals to a tree, the plant’s hormones go into overdrive and create growths of varying sizes and colors. It’s a bizarre process and it’s not surprising people wanted to see how these alien-looking structures form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25495\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/lunar-eclipse-1024x731.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25495 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/lunar-eclipse-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"041027-N-9500T-001\" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Scott Taylor/U.S. Navy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/03/set-your-alarm-for-the-early-morning-total-lunar-eclipse-on-october-8/\">Set Your Alarm for the Early Morning Total Lunar Eclipse on October 8\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total lunar eclipse on October 8 started at 1 AM and was visible from North America, Australia, western South America and parts of East Asia. If you missed it, not to worry — the eclipse was part of a tetrad of lunar eclipses, with the next two scheduled to occur in April and September of next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25506\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/martins-beach-access-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-25506\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/martins-beach-access-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"(Jeremy Raff/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jeremy Raff/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/silicon-valley-billionaire-battles-surfers-over-beach-access/\">Silicon Valley Billionaire Battles Surfers Over Beach Access\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over Martins Beach, three miles south of Half Moon Bay, began when Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla blocked public access to the area. Surfers had used the access road to the beach for decades, but after Khosla bought the property, the venture capitalist posted a no-trespassing sign. Four lawsuits were filed, and in October a San Mateo County Superior Court judge \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/24/martins-beach-ruling-superior-court-judge/\">ruled that the venture capitalist needs a coastal development permit\u003c/a> in order to close the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25515\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/pygmy-seahorses.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25515 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/pygmy-seahorses.jpg\" alt=\"pygmy seahorses\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>1. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/21/pygmy-seahorses-masters-of-camouflage/\">Pygmy Seahorses: Masters of Camouflage\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our pilot episode of Deep Look was our most popular piece by far with more than 100,00 YouTube views. It tells the story of how baby seahorses attach to vibrant corals, and take on their colors to become nearly invisible. Biologists at the California Academy of Sciences have successfully bred the seahorses in captivity for the first time. In this video we see the seahorses’ amazing act of camouflage and ask the question — what is identity?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25462/kqed-sciences-top-five-stories-of-2014",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_64",
"science_1927",
"science_1159",
"science_1841",
"science_577"
],
"featImg": "science_25487",
"label": "science"
},
"science_25508": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25508",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25508",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1419379516000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1419379516,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Ten Years After Indian Ocean Tsunami, California is Better Prepared",
"headTitle": "Ten Years After Indian Ocean Tsunami, California is Better Prepared | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/RS2531_IMG_0545-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/RS2531_IMG_0545-lpr.jpg\" alt=\"A tsunami warning sign in Crescent City, CA, which has a well-rehearsed response plan. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tsunami warning sign in Crescent City, CA, which has a well-rehearsed response plan. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The day after Christmas marks the tenth anniversary of the deadliest tsunami on record. An underwater earthquake measuring 9.1 in magnitude formed waves up to 65 feet high that crashed into the Indian subcontinent. More than 230,000 lives were lost, with the greatest fatalities in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tragedy was a worldwide wake-up call. It triggered a decade of improvements to tsunami warning and response technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really the biggest lesson I learned from that was just how critical it was for all coastlines to be covered by a tsunami warning system,” says Paul Whitmore, head of the National Tsunami Warning Center in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“In 2004 our response time was more on the order of ten to fifteen minutes. So comparatively we’ve sped up by a factor of two.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Whitmore says today, the U.S. has that system in place. The nation’s seismic detection network is now fully enabled to transmit data in real time, to immediately flag earthquakes that could trigger tsunamis. Warning centers, which receive and broadcast this information, are now staffed around the clock, instead of just during business hours. And the public can now get \u003ca href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/com/weatherreadynation/files/WEAFactSheet3.pdf\">tsunami alerts\u003c/a> on their phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25546\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/DART.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25546 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/DART.gif\" alt=\"DART\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. and international DART (Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) buoys can provide information about tsunamis before they hit shore. (NOAA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Let’s just say we had an earthquake offshore of San Francisco,” explains Whitmore. If the earthquake was big enough to warrant a tsunami warning, he says the response time would “average between 3 and 4 minutes to get the alerts out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2004 our response time was more on the order of ten to fifteen minutes. So comparatively we’ve sped up by a factor of two,” he notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New technology also allows scientists to forecast not just \u003cem>when\u003c/em> a tsunami is coming, but how it will act when it makes landfall. There are now twice as many \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml\">deep-ocea\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml\">n buoys\u003c/a> in the Pacific that can help predict how big the tsunami will be when it hits shore. The warning centers can also use computer modeling to predict whether coastlines will flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indonesia, Australia, and India all have this technology, which has improved the warning system for the Indian Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Whitmore warns, this alert system won’t help you if you’re out in the ocean. “If you’re very near the source of a tsunami, you don’t have much time. You didn’t 10 years ago and you still don’t.” Whitmore says if you feel an earthquake that lasts more than 20 seconds and you’re on the coast, you should immediately move inland and seek higher ground. “When people are right in the source of a tsunami, it’s their own education and response that will save them.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 514,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704932476,
"excerpt": "The tragedy sparked a decade of improvements to our tsunami warning system.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The tragedy sparked a decade of improvements to our tsunami warning system.",
"title": "Ten Years After Indian Ocean Tsunami, California is Better Prepared | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Ten Years After Indian Ocean Tsunami, California is Better Prepared",
"datePublished": "2014-12-23T16:05:16-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:21:16-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "ten-years-after-indian-ocean-tsunami-california-is-better-prepared",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25508/ten-years-after-indian-ocean-tsunami-california-is-better-prepared",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/RS2531_IMG_0545-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/RS2531_IMG_0545-lpr.jpg\" alt=\"A tsunami warning sign in Crescent City, CA, which has a well-rehearsed response plan. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tsunami warning sign in Crescent City, CA, which has a well-rehearsed response plan. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The day after Christmas marks the tenth anniversary of the deadliest tsunami on record. An underwater earthquake measuring 9.1 in magnitude formed waves up to 65 feet high that crashed into the Indian subcontinent. More than 230,000 lives were lost, with the greatest fatalities in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tragedy was a worldwide wake-up call. It triggered a decade of improvements to tsunami warning and response technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really the biggest lesson I learned from that was just how critical it was for all coastlines to be covered by a tsunami warning system,” says Paul Whitmore, head of the National Tsunami Warning Center in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“In 2004 our response time was more on the order of ten to fifteen minutes. So comparatively we’ve sped up by a factor of two.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Whitmore says today, the U.S. has that system in place. The nation’s seismic detection network is now fully enabled to transmit data in real time, to immediately flag earthquakes that could trigger tsunamis. Warning centers, which receive and broadcast this information, are now staffed around the clock, instead of just during business hours. And the public can now get \u003ca href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/com/weatherreadynation/files/WEAFactSheet3.pdf\">tsunami alerts\u003c/a> on their phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25546\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/DART.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25546 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/DART.gif\" alt=\"DART\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. and international DART (Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) buoys can provide information about tsunamis before they hit shore. (NOAA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Let’s just say we had an earthquake offshore of San Francisco,” explains Whitmore. If the earthquake was big enough to warrant a tsunami warning, he says the response time would “average between 3 and 4 minutes to get the alerts out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2004 our response time was more on the order of ten to fifteen minutes. So comparatively we’ve sped up by a factor of two,” he notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New technology also allows scientists to forecast not just \u003cem>when\u003c/em> a tsunami is coming, but how it will act when it makes landfall. There are now twice as many \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml\">deep-ocea\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml\">n buoys\u003c/a> in the Pacific that can help predict how big the tsunami will be when it hits shore. The warning centers can also use computer modeling to predict whether coastlines will flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indonesia, Australia, and India all have this technology, which has improved the warning system for the Indian Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Whitmore warns, this alert system won’t help you if you’re out in the ocean. “If you’re very near the source of a tsunami, you don’t have much time. You didn’t 10 years ago and you still don’t.” Whitmore says if you feel an earthquake that lasts more than 20 seconds and you’re on the coast, you should immediately move inland and seek higher ground. “When people are right in the source of a tsunami, it’s their own education and response that will save them.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25508/ten-years-after-indian-ocean-tsunami-california-is-better-prepared",
"authors": [
"6591"
],
"categories": [
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1888",
"science_257",
"science_64",
"science_258"
],
"featImg": "science_25621",
"label": "science"
},
"science_25388": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25388",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25388",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1419256802000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1419256802,
"format": "aside",
"title": "A Thirsty Town Debates Need for New Source of Water",
"headTitle": "A Thirsty Town Debates Need for New Source of Water | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/12/20141222science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 726px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria_feature-image.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria_feature-image.jpg\" alt=\"(Pacifica Hotels)\" width=\"726\" height=\"408\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As water becomes scarce, Cambria develops an emergency water system that’s facing a growing opposition. (Pacifica Hotels)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>By Randol White\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://kcbx.org/\">KCBX Central Coast Public Radio\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal tourist town of Cambria, located just below Big Sur and adjacent to Hearst Castle on California’s central coast, will begin pumping about 300 gallons a minute of treated water into the local aquifer this week. The new water source is part of a controversial emergency solution—built just this fall—to keep the community from running dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town’s water agency says three years of drought have pushed Cambria’s only water source, two local creek basins, to the brink of exhaustion. Officials with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cambriacsd.org/cm/Home.html\">Cambria Community Services District\u003c/a> (CCSD) say this new facility will solve the crisis, one that built up not just during the current drought but over two decades of political battles about the town’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were at the limit and we had to do something,” said CCSD spokesman Tom Gray during a tour of the newly built plant. “We knew we had to have a supplemental water source at some point, and figured we might as well just do it. I mean, this is the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CCSD estimates the cost of the project at $9.13 million, and expects that to rise, with expenses related to change orders and to environmental mitigations required by permitting agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Summer Scarcity Eases\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Linn has lived in the area for nearly four decades and owns the popular tourist restaurant and pie shop, \u003ca href=\"http://www.linnsfruitbin.com/\">Linn’s of Cambria\u003c/a>, located in the heart of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25411\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 356px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Wine-coast-country.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25411\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Wine-coast-country.jpg\" alt=\"Cambria is a tourist town filled with restaurants and wine shops, some of which had to truck in water or use bottled water when supplies were scarce. (Wine Coast Country)\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cambria is a tourist town filled with restaurants and wine shops, some of which had to truck in water or use bottled water when supplies were scarce. (Wine Coast Country)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says despite the water shortages, he’s had two record years for sales. The emergency water facility couldn’t come at a better time in his opinion, as he’s one of the top water-users in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve suffered from surcharges, and essentially the government leaning on us to try to do everything we could to conserve,” Linn said recently, during a busy Saturday lunch at his restaurant. “That’s happened in the past, but this year was certainly the worst—this past year—was certainly the worst we’ve ever seen, and the most heavy-handed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linn says in order to keep his business running by his standards, he had to truck in his own water last summer from wells at his nearby farm. Some business owners who didn’t have their own wells served bottled water. Paper plates and plastic cups cut down on the water needed for dishwashing, and porta-potties were brought in to reduce bathroom water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some question whether the project is actually needed, now that the town’s wells are starting to fill naturally. After a series of Pacific storms that hit the state during the first half of December, rainfall totals are now well above the seasonal norm for Cambria. Nonetheless, because the drought has been so severe, the \u003ca href=\"http://drought.unl.edu/\">National Drought Mitigation Center\u003c/a> lists the Central Coast area as still in exceptional drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deborah Sivas is a professor of environmental law at \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> and Director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.stanford.edu/organizations/clinics/environmental-law-clinic\">Stanford Environmental Law Clinic\u003c/a>. She’s representing \u003ca href=\"http://www.landwatch.com/California_land_for_sale/San_Luis_Obispo_County\">LandWatch\u003c/a> of San Luis Obispo County, a group that’s suing to get a more extensive environmental review of the water project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My understanding is that the aquifers there down in Cambria are really filling up,” Sivas said, “and that there’s not really a need to turn the project on at this point, there’s no emergency. We don’t believe there was even an emergency back in the summertime because the water levels were more-or-less where they typically are at that time of year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decades of Political Battles\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambriea-Map.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-25444\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambriea-Map-663x1024.png\" alt=\"Cambriea Map\" width=\"331\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cambria has been battling over its water sources for at least two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While other central coast communities have diversified their water sources by building pipelines to local reservoirs or hooking up to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\">California State Water Project\u003c/a>, Cambria’s elected leaders have restricted town’s growth partly by restricting its water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to build a home here, there’s a water connection waiting list of nearly 700 projects that has remained unchanged since 2001.John Coleman is president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a> and is also the director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a>, which provides water to some 1.3 million Bay Area customers. He sees the CCSD’s inaction to secure a secondary water source over the years as a disservice to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some cases one could argue it’s almost a very selfish attitude.” Coleman said. “‘I live here, I have mine, but you’re not going to live here and we’re going to make sure that we’re not going to have you live here because we’re not going to expand our water supply to meet, not only current needs, but needs during a drought.’ So, from my personal perspective, I think it’s the wrong policy approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linn says the CCSD has tried to solve the single-source water issue, but has hit roadblocks in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The town, the CCSD, the Cambria Community Services District has tried for years and years and years to solve the problem,” Linn said, “but we had other government agencies—county, state, Coastal Commission, first and foremost among them—doing everything they could to dissuade the town from any kind of growth, to the point of suing one another. Really, as a citizen it’s insane to watch it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Fast-Tracked Solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past spring the CCSD finally pushed forward with a solution that uses a mix of groundwater and recycled water to provide nearly a third of the town’s annual supply. \u003ca href=\"http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/site4.aspx\">San Luis Obispo County\u003c/a> issued an emergency permit for the water project in mid-May, with a requirement that the District get a coastal development permit. That permit requires environmental analyses and mitigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25414\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria-desal-plant-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25414\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria-desal-plant-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Cambria’s emergency water project involves treating wastewater and pumping it back into aquifers. (Jason Lopez)\" width=\"422\" height=\"211\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cambria’s emergency water project involves treating groundwater and wastewater, before pumping it back into aquifers. (Jason Lopez)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plant draws up non-potable water from beneath the District’s wastewater treatment facility, adjacent to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=590\">Hearst San Simeon State Park\u003c/a>. That water is a combination of fresh groundwater, treated wastewater, and sea water. The plant filters this brackish water using reverse osmosis. It then pumps the water uphill, back into the local aquifer, feeding the town’s wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only about 1/30th of the saltiness of seawater, it has a little more saltiness than drinking water, so it’s brackish,” Gray said, pointing out that the facility is not technically a desalination plant, as some are calling it. “It’s mostly groundwater with some penetration of seawater in it and then between 5 and 10 percent of the treated wastewater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As communities up and down the West Coast drain their groundwater basins, seawater intrusion is becoming a concern. Gray says other locations may want to consider using this same technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conflict Brewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone is on board with the District’s rapid action this year, nor with its choice of solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cambrians for Change founder Tina Dickason says she doesn’t understand why the CCSD had to move forward with such an expensive project when there were other options available. She says the town should have built a dam, instead of a new treatment facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dickason says a reservoir with a capacity of 600-700 acre feet would be much more “environmentally desirable,” with fewer issues than the new facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The more we see that it does not have dramatic and drastic environmental adverse consequences, the more this town will look back and wonder, why were we upset with this?’\u003ccite>—Mark Rochefort,Cambrians for Water\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sivas and Dickason are watching the project’s permitting process closely. They’re concerned about what will happen to the salty by-products of the reverse osmosis, and they want to be sure the plant doesn’t affect endangered species in the San Simeon Creek lagoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airlin Singewald with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/planning.htm\">San Luis Obispo County Planning Department\u003c/a> says those issues will be addressed in the draft environmental impact report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wouldn’t surprise many people if the project ends up embroiled in a legal process with the California Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the commission does not have any authority over the project. However, that would change if the county approves the Coastal Development Permit, taking away the facility’s emergency status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Rochefort is a former lawyer who moved to Cambria to retire. He started a group earlier this year called Cambrians for Water to support the CCSD’s efforts. He says he’s not looking forward to a fight with the Coastal Commission, but he and many others in town believe it’s coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Change is a threatening thing to a lot of people,” Rochefort says, “but I am firmly convinced that the longer this plant operates, the more we see its benefits, the more we see that it does not have dramatic and drastic environmental adverse consequences, the more this town will look back and wonder, why were we upset with this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singewald says a draft EIR could be ready in four to six months, but there is no timeline for the steps to be completed. If everything goes quickly, the planning commission could begin debating the project by late spring 2015.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1690,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 38
},
"modified": 1704932484,
"excerpt": "The central coast town of Cambria faced running out of water this year. This week, the town launches its new emergency water source, but some in the community believe a fight to shut it down is only just beginning.\r\n",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The central coast town of Cambria faced running out of water this year. This week, the town launches its new emergency water source, but some in the community believe a fight to shut it down is only just beginning.\r\n",
"title": "A Thirsty Town Debates Need for New Source of Water | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "A Thirsty Town Debates Need for New Source of Water",
"datePublished": "2014-12-22T06:00:02-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:21:24-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "drought-stressed-town-tries-controversial-new-water-plan",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/12/20141222science.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25388/drought-stressed-town-tries-controversial-new-water-plan",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/12/20141222science.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 726px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria_feature-image.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria_feature-image.jpg\" alt=\"(Pacifica Hotels)\" width=\"726\" height=\"408\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As water becomes scarce, Cambria develops an emergency water system that’s facing a growing opposition. (Pacifica Hotels)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>By Randol White\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://kcbx.org/\">KCBX Central Coast Public Radio\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal tourist town of Cambria, located just below Big Sur and adjacent to Hearst Castle on California’s central coast, will begin pumping about 300 gallons a minute of treated water into the local aquifer this week. The new water source is part of a controversial emergency solution—built just this fall—to keep the community from running dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town’s water agency says three years of drought have pushed Cambria’s only water source, two local creek basins, to the brink of exhaustion. Officials with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cambriacsd.org/cm/Home.html\">Cambria Community Services District\u003c/a> (CCSD) say this new facility will solve the crisis, one that built up not just during the current drought but over two decades of political battles about the town’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were at the limit and we had to do something,” said CCSD spokesman Tom Gray during a tour of the newly built plant. “We knew we had to have a supplemental water source at some point, and figured we might as well just do it. I mean, this is the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CCSD estimates the cost of the project at $9.13 million, and expects that to rise, with expenses related to change orders and to environmental mitigations required by permitting agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Summer Scarcity Eases\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Linn has lived in the area for nearly four decades and owns the popular tourist restaurant and pie shop, \u003ca href=\"http://www.linnsfruitbin.com/\">Linn’s of Cambria\u003c/a>, located in the heart of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25411\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 356px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Wine-coast-country.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25411\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Wine-coast-country.jpg\" alt=\"Cambria is a tourist town filled with restaurants and wine shops, some of which had to truck in water or use bottled water when supplies were scarce. (Wine Coast Country)\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cambria is a tourist town filled with restaurants and wine shops, some of which had to truck in water or use bottled water when supplies were scarce. (Wine Coast Country)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says despite the water shortages, he’s had two record years for sales. The emergency water facility couldn’t come at a better time in his opinion, as he’s one of the top water-users in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve suffered from surcharges, and essentially the government leaning on us to try to do everything we could to conserve,” Linn said recently, during a busy Saturday lunch at his restaurant. “That’s happened in the past, but this year was certainly the worst—this past year—was certainly the worst we’ve ever seen, and the most heavy-handed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linn says in order to keep his business running by his standards, he had to truck in his own water last summer from wells at his nearby farm. Some business owners who didn’t have their own wells served bottled water. Paper plates and plastic cups cut down on the water needed for dishwashing, and porta-potties were brought in to reduce bathroom water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some question whether the project is actually needed, now that the town’s wells are starting to fill naturally. After a series of Pacific storms that hit the state during the first half of December, rainfall totals are now well above the seasonal norm for Cambria. Nonetheless, because the drought has been so severe, the \u003ca href=\"http://drought.unl.edu/\">National Drought Mitigation Center\u003c/a> lists the Central Coast area as still in exceptional drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deborah Sivas is a professor of environmental law at \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> and Director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.stanford.edu/organizations/clinics/environmental-law-clinic\">Stanford Environmental Law Clinic\u003c/a>. She’s representing \u003ca href=\"http://www.landwatch.com/California_land_for_sale/San_Luis_Obispo_County\">LandWatch\u003c/a> of San Luis Obispo County, a group that’s suing to get a more extensive environmental review of the water project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My understanding is that the aquifers there down in Cambria are really filling up,” Sivas said, “and that there’s not really a need to turn the project on at this point, there’s no emergency. We don’t believe there was even an emergency back in the summertime because the water levels were more-or-less where they typically are at that time of year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decades of Political Battles\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambriea-Map.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-25444\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambriea-Map-663x1024.png\" alt=\"Cambriea Map\" width=\"331\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cambria has been battling over its water sources for at least two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While other central coast communities have diversified their water sources by building pipelines to local reservoirs or hooking up to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\">California State Water Project\u003c/a>, Cambria’s elected leaders have restricted town’s growth partly by restricting its water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to build a home here, there’s a water connection waiting list of nearly 700 projects that has remained unchanged since 2001.John Coleman is president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a> and is also the director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a>, which provides water to some 1.3 million Bay Area customers. He sees the CCSD’s inaction to secure a secondary water source over the years as a disservice to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some cases one could argue it’s almost a very selfish attitude.” Coleman said. “‘I live here, I have mine, but you’re not going to live here and we’re going to make sure that we’re not going to have you live here because we’re not going to expand our water supply to meet, not only current needs, but needs during a drought.’ So, from my personal perspective, I think it’s the wrong policy approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linn says the CCSD has tried to solve the single-source water issue, but has hit roadblocks in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The town, the CCSD, the Cambria Community Services District has tried for years and years and years to solve the problem,” Linn said, “but we had other government agencies—county, state, Coastal Commission, first and foremost among them—doing everything they could to dissuade the town from any kind of growth, to the point of suing one another. Really, as a citizen it’s insane to watch it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Fast-Tracked Solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past spring the CCSD finally pushed forward with a solution that uses a mix of groundwater and recycled water to provide nearly a third of the town’s annual supply. \u003ca href=\"http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/site4.aspx\">San Luis Obispo County\u003c/a> issued an emergency permit for the water project in mid-May, with a requirement that the District get a coastal development permit. That permit requires environmental analyses and mitigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25414\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria-desal-plant-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25414\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Cambria-desal-plant-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Cambria’s emergency water project involves treating wastewater and pumping it back into aquifers. (Jason Lopez)\" width=\"422\" height=\"211\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cambria’s emergency water project involves treating groundwater and wastewater, before pumping it back into aquifers. (Jason Lopez)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plant draws up non-potable water from beneath the District’s wastewater treatment facility, adjacent to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=590\">Hearst San Simeon State Park\u003c/a>. That water is a combination of fresh groundwater, treated wastewater, and sea water. The plant filters this brackish water using reverse osmosis. It then pumps the water uphill, back into the local aquifer, feeding the town’s wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only about 1/30th of the saltiness of seawater, it has a little more saltiness than drinking water, so it’s brackish,” Gray said, pointing out that the facility is not technically a desalination plant, as some are calling it. “It’s mostly groundwater with some penetration of seawater in it and then between 5 and 10 percent of the treated wastewater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As communities up and down the West Coast drain their groundwater basins, seawater intrusion is becoming a concern. Gray says other locations may want to consider using this same technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conflict Brewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone is on board with the District’s rapid action this year, nor with its choice of solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cambrians for Change founder Tina Dickason says she doesn’t understand why the CCSD had to move forward with such an expensive project when there were other options available. She says the town should have built a dam, instead of a new treatment facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dickason says a reservoir with a capacity of 600-700 acre feet would be much more “environmentally desirable,” with fewer issues than the new facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The more we see that it does not have dramatic and drastic environmental adverse consequences, the more this town will look back and wonder, why were we upset with this?’\u003ccite>—Mark Rochefort,Cambrians for Water\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sivas and Dickason are watching the project’s permitting process closely. They’re concerned about what will happen to the salty by-products of the reverse osmosis, and they want to be sure the plant doesn’t affect endangered species in the San Simeon Creek lagoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airlin Singewald with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/planning.htm\">San Luis Obispo County Planning Department\u003c/a> says those issues will be addressed in the draft environmental impact report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wouldn’t surprise many people if the project ends up embroiled in a legal process with the California Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the commission does not have any authority over the project. However, that would change if the county approves the Coastal Development Permit, taking away the facility’s emergency status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Rochefort is a former lawyer who moved to Cambria to retire. He started a group earlier this year called Cambrians for Water to support the CCSD’s efforts. He says he’s not looking forward to a fight with the Coastal Commission, but he and many others in town believe it’s coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Change is a threatening thing to a lot of people,” Rochefort says, “but I am firmly convinced that the longer this plant operates, the more we see its benefits, the more we see that it does not have dramatic and drastic environmental adverse consequences, the more this town will look back and wonder, why were we upset with this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singewald says a draft EIR could be ready in four to six months, but there is no timeline for the steps to be completed. If everything goes quickly, the planning commission could begin debating the project by late spring 2015.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25388/drought-stressed-town-tries-controversial-new-water-plan",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_40",
"science_43",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1622",
"science_1491",
"science_64"
],
"featImg": "science_25395",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_25305": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25305",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25305",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1419026289000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1419026289,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Next Napa Quake Could Be Bigger, Stronger",
"headTitle": "Next Napa Quake Could Be Bigger, Stronger | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25307\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25307\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24, 2014 in Napa, California. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24 in Napa, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recent studies of the \u003ca href=\"http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72282711#summary\">magnitude 6.0 Napa quake\u003c/a> in August suggest that the fault is longer and thus more powerful than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main strand of the West Napa Fault Zone was initially thought to span 25 miles, from Benicia north toward St. Helena. But \u003ca href=\"http://ucdavis.edu/\">U.C. Davis\u003c/a> scientists who have scrutinized the local geology in the wake of the August temblor, say that the fault is 45 miles long, reaching nearly to Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means more potential slippage, which could mean bigger earthquakes, according to U.C. Davis geology professor \u003ca href=\"http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/oskin/\">Mike Oskin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘A magnitude 7.0 would be much more destructive because it would hit the entire wine industry.’\u003ccite>–Mike Oskin,U.C. Davis geology professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Napa Valley and its surroundings shouldn’t be complacent,” said Oskin. “A magnitude 7.0 would be much more destructive because it would hit the entire wine industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, scientists have called the August quake an “overachieving 6.0,” in terms of the damage it caused and the extent of ruptures at the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oskin and his class mapped the Northern stem of the West Napa Valley Fault, which hadn’t been documented as active. There had been no Napa Valley surface rupture in recorded history prior to 2014; surface ruptures are a direct confirmation that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/09/quake-revived-streams-could-keep-flowing-for-a-while/\">the fault is active\u003c/a>, according to Oskin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professor also noticed a line of deformed young gravel deposits along the West side of Napa Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We noticed the folding of river gravel,” Oskin said. “River valleys are flat so when you see a linear scar that’s an indication that the fault is active.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stretching from Benicia north, this young newly overturned rock suggested the fault is active and contiguous up to Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25378\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa-map-e1419027585710.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25378\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa-map-e1419027585710.jpg\" alt=\"The West Napa Valley Fault, including a newly mapped section near Calistoga created by U.C. Davis geology professor Mike Oskin and his class. (Mike Oskin)\" width=\"250\" height=\"327\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The West Napa Valley Fault, including a newly mapped section near Calistoga created by U.C. Davis geology professor Mike Oskin and his class. (Mike Oskin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we did was continue mapping that fault,” said U.C. Davis geologist Chad Trexler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We extended that map all the way north to Calistoga, and when we realized it was all on one continuous structure, we started to think about what would happen if the whole fault ruptured in a single earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s potentially ugly. Trexler says the fault could produce a magnitude 7.0 quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins/\">South Napa quake\u003c/a> struck in August it was the strongest to hit the Bay Area in 25 years. About 200 people were injured and it caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to wineries and historic buildings downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey \u003c/a>revealed this week that the fault is still moving, showing persistent “afterslip,” as it’s known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, they called it “the fastest-moving fault in the world,” with the potential to slip another 2 to 6 inches over the next few years. Scientist say, however, that the afterslip doesn’t necessarily portend another imminent earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very far from predicting an earthquake but we’re closer to knowing where they are likely to occur,” said Oskin. “Ideally we’ll get to something more like forecasting the weather in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oskin added a caveat saying even weather predictions aren’t foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 608,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704932488,
"excerpt": "New research indicates the fault that triggered the August quake is 20 miles longer than scientists realized, which could produce more powerful earthquakes in the future.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "New research indicates the fault that triggered the August quake is 20 miles longer than scientists realized, which could produce more powerful earthquakes in the future.",
"title": "Next Napa Quake Could Be Bigger, Stronger | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Next Napa Quake Could Be Bigger, Stronger",
"datePublished": "2014-12-19T13:58:09-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:21:28-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "next-napa-quake-could-be-bigger-stronger",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25305/next-napa-quake-could-be-bigger-stronger",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25307\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25307\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24, 2014 in Napa, California. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24 in Napa, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recent studies of the \u003ca href=\"http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72282711#summary\">magnitude 6.0 Napa quake\u003c/a> in August suggest that the fault is longer and thus more powerful than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main strand of the West Napa Fault Zone was initially thought to span 25 miles, from Benicia north toward St. Helena. But \u003ca href=\"http://ucdavis.edu/\">U.C. Davis\u003c/a> scientists who have scrutinized the local geology in the wake of the August temblor, say that the fault is 45 miles long, reaching nearly to Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means more potential slippage, which could mean bigger earthquakes, according to U.C. Davis geology professor \u003ca href=\"http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/oskin/\">Mike Oskin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘A magnitude 7.0 would be much more destructive because it would hit the entire wine industry.’\u003ccite>–Mike Oskin,U.C. Davis geology professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Napa Valley and its surroundings shouldn’t be complacent,” said Oskin. “A magnitude 7.0 would be much more destructive because it would hit the entire wine industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, scientists have called the August quake an “overachieving 6.0,” in terms of the damage it caused and the extent of ruptures at the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oskin and his class mapped the Northern stem of the West Napa Valley Fault, which hadn’t been documented as active. There had been no Napa Valley surface rupture in recorded history prior to 2014; surface ruptures are a direct confirmation that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/09/quake-revived-streams-could-keep-flowing-for-a-while/\">the fault is active\u003c/a>, according to Oskin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professor also noticed a line of deformed young gravel deposits along the West side of Napa Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We noticed the folding of river gravel,” Oskin said. “River valleys are flat so when you see a linear scar that’s an indication that the fault is active.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stretching from Benicia north, this young newly overturned rock suggested the fault is active and contiguous up to Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25378\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa-map-e1419027585710.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25378\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa-map-e1419027585710.jpg\" alt=\"The West Napa Valley Fault, including a newly mapped section near Calistoga created by U.C. Davis geology professor Mike Oskin and his class. (Mike Oskin)\" width=\"250\" height=\"327\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The West Napa Valley Fault, including a newly mapped section near Calistoga created by U.C. Davis geology professor Mike Oskin and his class. (Mike Oskin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we did was continue mapping that fault,” said U.C. Davis geologist Chad Trexler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We extended that map all the way north to Calistoga, and when we realized it was all on one continuous structure, we started to think about what would happen if the whole fault ruptured in a single earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s potentially ugly. Trexler says the fault could produce a magnitude 7.0 quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins/\">South Napa quake\u003c/a> struck in August it was the strongest to hit the Bay Area in 25 years. About 200 people were injured and it caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to wineries and historic buildings downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey \u003c/a>revealed this week that the fault is still moving, showing persistent “afterslip,” as it’s known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, they called it “the fastest-moving fault in the world,” with the potential to slip another 2 to 6 inches over the next few years. Scientist say, however, that the afterslip doesn’t necessarily portend another imminent earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very far from predicting an earthquake but we’re closer to knowing where they are likely to occur,” said Oskin. “Ideally we’ll get to something more like forecasting the weather in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oskin added a caveat saying even weather predictions aren’t foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25305/next-napa-quake-could-be-bigger-stronger",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_218",
"science_1841"
],
"featImg": "science_25307",
"label": "science"
},
"science_25153": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25153",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25153",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1418874291000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1418874291,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Storms a Boon for Rainwater Harvesters",
"headTitle": "Storms a Boon for Rainwater Harvesters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25178\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 681px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/rainwater-collection-system.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25178\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/rainwater-collection-system.jpeg\" alt=\"rainwater collection system\" width=\"681\" height=\"511\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Northern California counties now offer rebates for rain barrels purchased for residential use. (Water Cache)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water didn’t just pour into city streets during last week’s storm, it was also stashed away by rain harvesting enthusiasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s crazy we have all this wasted water that is flooding our cities and we could be capturing and using it,” says Claire Elliot, a home owner in Palo Alto. Elliot has six barrels in her back yard that she uses to water her plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they hold a total of 300 gallons of water, she says all six filled up within a couple of hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was excited to see them fill up but the question is whether I can use all the water before the next storm event.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water is not potable but can be used as “graywater,” for outdoor irrigation, laundry and dish washing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25225\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 339px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Acterra_rain-barrel.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25225\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Acterra_rain-barrel.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers for Acterra, an environmental non-profit, install rain barrels at Arastradero nature preserve in Palo Alto. (Acterra)\" width=\"339\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers for Acterra, an environmental non-profit, install rain barrels at Arastradero nature preserve in Palo Alto. (Acterra)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It hasn’t been universally embraced. In parts of the West, rainwater harvesting has been outlawed, seen as an infringement on those who have downstream water rights on rivers where that rain might end up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Californians have legally been able to collect household runoff \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120AB1750\">without a permit\u003c/a> since 2012. In fact, several counties and the \u003ca href=\"http://bawsca.org/conservation/rain-barrel-rebate-program/\">Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation Agency\u003c/a> provide up to $100 in rebates for barrels or cisterns purchased for rainwater harvesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BAWSCA has issued 75 rebates since launching its program in October. “We were getting calls the first day after the program was announced,” says Water Resources Manager Michael Hurley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco will start a similar program by spring of next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most systems for corralling rainwater use a barrel, a mesh screen and a diverter. As rainfall collects in rooftop gutters, instead of gushing out of downspouts it takes a detour through the diverter and into storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the first rush of water often contains contaminants like leaves, insects and animal waste, many diverters will capture this debris and prevent it from flowing into the barrel, and the mesh discourages mosquitoes from using the collected water as a nursery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Australia, rainwater collection systems became standard accessories during the recent nine-year drought known as the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-lessons-from-down-under/\">Big Dry\u003c/a>, but have been slower to catch on in California. During a previous four-year program, San Francisco issued fewer than 1,000 rebates for rain catchments within the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a tangible activity that people can do on their own to try and help address drought conditions,” said Hurley. “It won’t be the entire solution but it provides some benefit to home owners and the region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain barrels are available at most large hardware supply stores and hold between 50 and 200 gallons of water. A 100-gallon barrel costs about $200.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 513,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704932500,
"excerpt": "More Northern California residents are harnessing winter storms and cashing in on local rebate programs for rainwater harvesting.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "More Northern California residents are harnessing winter storms and cashing in on local rebate programs for rainwater harvesting.",
"title": "Storms a Boon for Rainwater Harvesters | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Storms a Boon for Rainwater Harvesters",
"datePublished": "2014-12-17T19:44:51-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:21:40-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "storms-a-boon-for-rain-water-harvesters",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25153/storms-a-boon-for-rain-water-harvesters",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25178\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 681px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/rainwater-collection-system.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25178\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/rainwater-collection-system.jpeg\" alt=\"rainwater collection system\" width=\"681\" height=\"511\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Northern California counties now offer rebates for rain barrels purchased for residential use. (Water Cache)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water didn’t just pour into city streets during last week’s storm, it was also stashed away by rain harvesting enthusiasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s crazy we have all this wasted water that is flooding our cities and we could be capturing and using it,” says Claire Elliot, a home owner in Palo Alto. Elliot has six barrels in her back yard that she uses to water her plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they hold a total of 300 gallons of water, she says all six filled up within a couple of hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was excited to see them fill up but the question is whether I can use all the water before the next storm event.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water is not potable but can be used as “graywater,” for outdoor irrigation, laundry and dish washing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25225\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 339px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Acterra_rain-barrel.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25225\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Acterra_rain-barrel.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers for Acterra, an environmental non-profit, install rain barrels at Arastradero nature preserve in Palo Alto. (Acterra)\" width=\"339\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers for Acterra, an environmental non-profit, install rain barrels at Arastradero nature preserve in Palo Alto. (Acterra)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It hasn’t been universally embraced. In parts of the West, rainwater harvesting has been outlawed, seen as an infringement on those who have downstream water rights on rivers where that rain might end up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Californians have legally been able to collect household runoff \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120AB1750\">without a permit\u003c/a> since 2012. In fact, several counties and the \u003ca href=\"http://bawsca.org/conservation/rain-barrel-rebate-program/\">Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation Agency\u003c/a> provide up to $100 in rebates for barrels or cisterns purchased for rainwater harvesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BAWSCA has issued 75 rebates since launching its program in October. “We were getting calls the first day after the program was announced,” says Water Resources Manager Michael Hurley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco will start a similar program by spring of next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most systems for corralling rainwater use a barrel, a mesh screen and a diverter. As rainfall collects in rooftop gutters, instead of gushing out of downspouts it takes a detour through the diverter and into storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the first rush of water often contains contaminants like leaves, insects and animal waste, many diverters will capture this debris and prevent it from flowing into the barrel, and the mesh discourages mosquitoes from using the collected water as a nursery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Australia, rainwater collection systems became standard accessories during the recent nine-year drought known as the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-lessons-from-down-under/\">Big Dry\u003c/a>, but have been slower to catch on in California. During a previous four-year program, San Francisco issued fewer than 1,000 rebates for rain catchments within the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a tangible activity that people can do on their own to try and help address drought conditions,” said Hurley. “It won’t be the entire solution but it provides some benefit to home owners and the region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain barrels are available at most large hardware supply stores and hold between 50 and 200 gallons of water. A 100-gallon barrel costs about $200.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25153/storms-a-boon-for-rain-water-harvesters",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_64",
"science_1213"
],
"featImg": "science_25178",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_24915": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_24915",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "24915",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1418652025000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1418652025,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Designing the Interstellar Doorbell (Or How to Talk to ET)",
"headTitle": "Designing the Interstellar Doorbell (Or How to Talk to ET) | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/12/20141215science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25008\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 718px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/10-Lone-Signal-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25008\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/10-Lone-Signal-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Hands and moon\" width=\"718\" height=\"478\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last month at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\">SETI Institute\u003c/a> in Mountain View, an international group of scientists, linguists, philosophers and others \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/weeky-lecture/communicating-across-cosmos-summary-workshop-interstellar-message-design\">convened in a workshop\u003c/a> to discuss what might be the most challenging conversation in the history of humankind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we could send a message to an intelligent extra-terrestrial on some distant planet, they asked, what would we say?This is not a new question. NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_plaque\">asked it\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_Message_%281962%29\">Russians\u003c/a> and the Japanese have asked it. Doritos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080612122817.htm\">asked it\u003c/a>. They seem to have asked it a lot in the 1970s. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We aren’t just sending messages out into the aether anymore. We have addresses.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kepler’s Contribution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a very good reason to be asking it again now, in 2014. Thanks to the \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">Kepler Telescope\u003c/a>, we won’t just be sending messages out into the aether anymore. We have addresses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its launch in 2009, Kepler has identified \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/science/space/keplers-tally-of-planets.html?_r=0\">hundreds of planets\u003c/a> outside our solar system. Some are rocky and Earth-like, orbiting distant stars. Maybe they have -– or, like Mars billions of years ago, they might once have had — mountains, clouds, \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/27950-mars-crater-lake-curiosity-rover.html\">lakes\u003c/a> and oceans, even life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can direct powerful radio transmissions at these planets and hope some form of life knows how to receive them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there’s life out there,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/users/douglas-vakoch\">Douglas Vakoch\u003c/a>, SETI’s Director of Interstellar Message Composition, “our chances of finding it have increased astronomically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So What Should We Say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humanity’s attempts to answer this question (maybe \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/unique-everybody-else/201210/dmt-aliens-and-reality-part-1\">not all\u003c/a> attempts) take two basic forms. There are physical objects (e.g., the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_plaque\">Pioneer Plaques\u003c/a>) that we’ve attached to unmanned spaceships on a one-way mission — like messages in a bottle that some space-faring alien might stumble upon. Then there are powerful radio signals such as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/seti-institute/project/details/arecibo-message\">Arecibo message\u003c/a>, which was broadcast from a radio telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in terms of messages that try to sum up the subjective experience of being alive on Earth, the gold standard is a \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/goldenrec.html\">pair of 12-inch copper discs\u003c/a> that were attached to the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts in 1977. The Voyagers were launched on missions to explore Saturn and Jupiter (plus Uranus and Neptune for Voyager 2) then drift into the universe, \u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/12sep_voyager1/\">indefinitely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/7-Across-the-Universe.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25026\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/7-Across-the-Universe.jpg\" alt=\"NASA broadcast the Beatle’s hit “Across the Universe” toward the star Polaris on the 40th anniversary of the song’s recording in 2008. (NASA/JPL)\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA broadcast the Beatle’s hit “Across the Universe” toward the star Polaris on the 40th anniversary of the song’s recording in 2008. (NASA/JPL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Golden Records were an afterthought. A team led by Carl Sagan saw the opportunity for an interstellar postcard and filled the discs with \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/scenes.html\">images\u003c/a>, with \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/greetings.html\">greetings in different languages\u003c/a> and with \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/music.html\">music\u003c/a> from Beethoven to Blind Willie Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the sound of a \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/audio/footsteps.wav\">heartbeat\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/audio/volcanoes.wav\">volcano\u003c/a>. A mother \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/audio/kiss.wav\">comforting\u003c/a> her child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have you eaten yet?” asks a speaker of Min Chinese. “Please contact us,” pleads a man speaking Gujarati.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One musical passage in particular captures a range of human experience, Vakoch says, moving from an orderly Bach piano piece into mournful bagpipes and then into a thunderous passage of Stravinsky’s Rites of Spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will an extra-terrestrial understand what it means?” he asks. “Certainly not in the way we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be a moot point. Vakoch says at its current pace, the Voyager spacecraft — and the records inside it –- won’t come close to another star for another 75,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radio messages could take “only” hundreds of years to reach their destination. But that’d still make for an awkward conversation. If ET got our message and responded, no one on Earth today would be alive to hear it. Would our great-great-great-grandchildren even remember what we’d said?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That quandary assumes an even greater feat: that the extra-terrestrials are able to decode our message in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How do you communicate with a life form you know absolutely nothing about? Will these extra-terrestrials have language? If we sent an image, could they see it? Even a simple series of numbers — say a Fibonacci sequence — may be as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KveKjHIipgo\">anthropocentric\u003c/a> as a line of Shakespeare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Send Everything? Or Just One Thing?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with all this uncertainty, participants at the SETI workshop last month fell into two rough camps: Send ET everything — as in the entire Internet — or send them one thing -– a kind of interstellar doorbell.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Do extra terrestrials have language? What if a simple series of numbers, say a Fibonacci sequence, is as anthropocentric as a line of Shakespeare?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I’ll explain the doorbell in a minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The send-them-everything camp, Vakoch says, argues that a smarter, more technologically advanced alien civilization might search the Internet and find patterns. Eventually, they might crack the code of human language, even without an interstellar Rosetta Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These civilizations are likely much older than ours, says SETI’s \u003ca href=\"http://communicating.seti.org/?q=speakers/seth-shostak\">Seth Shostak\u003c/a>, since any message we receive would have been sent hundreds of years ago. And they’re likely more technologically advanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These aren’t soft squishy guys who are interested in arts or music, at least our art and music,” he says. “They’re machines of some sort. Advanced societies will say that more bits are better. More information is better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This struck the other camp at the conference as a really bad idea, maybe even impolite, the equivalent of meeting someone at a party and just screaming at them for an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if, they said, we sent them something drastically smaller: a simple signal, a kind of doorbell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of a doorbell indicates a query, an openness,” Vakoch says. “It’s not a demand to be let in. It’s an indication of the desire to make contact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Olfactory Message\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles artist \u003ca href=\"http://sites.artsblock.ucr.edu/free-enterprise/carrie-paterson/\">Carrie Paterson\u003c/a> came to the conference to \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWQlop5Yedk\">present\u003c/a> a radical idea, even among a crowd of unconventional thinkers: that our message might consist of a “symphony of smells.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the whole point is to send a kind of poem that provokes some curiosity about us,” she says, “some desire to respond.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25032\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 399px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/6-Teen-Age-Message.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/6-Teen-Age-Message.jpg\" alt=\"The content for the Teen-Age Message was decided by Russian adolescents. It included the “1st Theremin Concert for Aliens” and was sent toward six nearby stars in 2001. (Rumlin/Creative Commons)\" width=\"399\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The content for the Teen-Age Message was decided by Russian adolescents. It included the “1st Theremin Concert for Aliens” and was sent toward six nearby stars in 2001. (Rumlin/Creative Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smells, Paterson points out, are chemical cues, the same language used by thousands of species on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope, she says, is that we might “create something a tree would understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How, exactly, do you transmit a smell 25 million light years? No one really knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paterson’s point is that whatever we send should represent all of our planet. Not just humans. Not just scientists. Not just Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vakoch agrees. He’d love to see the United Nations involved, to make this a global question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Secretary-General calls us up,” Vakoch says, “and says, ‘We’d like to have a special session on this,’ I’d be delighted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Vakoch has built a website to collect suggestions from all over the world: \u003ca href=\"http://earthspeaks.seti.org/\">Earth Speaks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever some kind of consensus emerges, maybe it’s time to hit send, and hope someone out there is listening.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1300,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 41
},
"modified": 1704932514,
"excerpt": "Humans have been sending messages into outer space for decades, hoping some intelligent extra-terrestrial might come upon them. Now, for the first time in history, we have addresses. So, what should we say? ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Humans have been sending messages into outer space for decades, hoping some intelligent extra-terrestrial might come upon them. Now, for the first time in history, we have addresses. So, what should we say? ",
"title": "Designing the Interstellar Doorbell (Or How to Talk to ET) | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Designing the Interstellar Doorbell (Or How to Talk to ET)",
"datePublished": "2014-12-15T06:00:25-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:21:54-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "designing-the-inter-stellar-doorbell-or-how-to-talk-to-et",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/12/20141215science.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/24915/designing-the-inter-stellar-doorbell-or-how-to-talk-to-et",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/12/20141215science.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25008\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 718px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/10-Lone-Signal-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25008\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/10-Lone-Signal-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Hands and moon\" width=\"718\" height=\"478\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last month at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\">SETI Institute\u003c/a> in Mountain View, an international group of scientists, linguists, philosophers and others \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/weeky-lecture/communicating-across-cosmos-summary-workshop-interstellar-message-design\">convened in a workshop\u003c/a> to discuss what might be the most challenging conversation in the history of humankind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we could send a message to an intelligent extra-terrestrial on some distant planet, they asked, what would we say?This is not a new question. NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_plaque\">asked it\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_Message_%281962%29\">Russians\u003c/a> and the Japanese have asked it. Doritos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080612122817.htm\">asked it\u003c/a>. They seem to have asked it a lot in the 1970s. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We aren’t just sending messages out into the aether anymore. We have addresses.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kepler’s Contribution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a very good reason to be asking it again now, in 2014. Thanks to the \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">Kepler Telescope\u003c/a>, we won’t just be sending messages out into the aether anymore. We have addresses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its launch in 2009, Kepler has identified \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/science/space/keplers-tally-of-planets.html?_r=0\">hundreds of planets\u003c/a> outside our solar system. Some are rocky and Earth-like, orbiting distant stars. Maybe they have -– or, like Mars billions of years ago, they might once have had — mountains, clouds, \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/27950-mars-crater-lake-curiosity-rover.html\">lakes\u003c/a> and oceans, even life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can direct powerful radio transmissions at these planets and hope some form of life knows how to receive them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there’s life out there,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/users/douglas-vakoch\">Douglas Vakoch\u003c/a>, SETI’s Director of Interstellar Message Composition, “our chances of finding it have increased astronomically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So What Should We Say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humanity’s attempts to answer this question (maybe \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/unique-everybody-else/201210/dmt-aliens-and-reality-part-1\">not all\u003c/a> attempts) take two basic forms. There are physical objects (e.g., the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_plaque\">Pioneer Plaques\u003c/a>) that we’ve attached to unmanned spaceships on a one-way mission — like messages in a bottle that some space-faring alien might stumble upon. Then there are powerful radio signals such as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/seti-institute/project/details/arecibo-message\">Arecibo message\u003c/a>, which was broadcast from a radio telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in terms of messages that try to sum up the subjective experience of being alive on Earth, the gold standard is a \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/goldenrec.html\">pair of 12-inch copper discs\u003c/a> that were attached to the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts in 1977. The Voyagers were launched on missions to explore Saturn and Jupiter (plus Uranus and Neptune for Voyager 2) then drift into the universe, \u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/12sep_voyager1/\">indefinitely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/7-Across-the-Universe.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25026\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/7-Across-the-Universe.jpg\" alt=\"NASA broadcast the Beatle’s hit “Across the Universe” toward the star Polaris on the 40th anniversary of the song’s recording in 2008. (NASA/JPL)\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA broadcast the Beatle’s hit “Across the Universe” toward the star Polaris on the 40th anniversary of the song’s recording in 2008. (NASA/JPL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Golden Records were an afterthought. A team led by Carl Sagan saw the opportunity for an interstellar postcard and filled the discs with \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/scenes.html\">images\u003c/a>, with \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/greetings.html\">greetings in different languages\u003c/a> and with \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/music.html\">music\u003c/a> from Beethoven to Blind Willie Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the sound of a \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/audio/footsteps.wav\">heartbeat\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/audio/volcanoes.wav\">volcano\u003c/a>. A mother \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/audio/kiss.wav\">comforting\u003c/a> her child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have you eaten yet?” asks a speaker of Min Chinese. “Please contact us,” pleads a man speaking Gujarati.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One musical passage in particular captures a range of human experience, Vakoch says, moving from an orderly Bach piano piece into mournful bagpipes and then into a thunderous passage of Stravinsky’s Rites of Spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will an extra-terrestrial understand what it means?” he asks. “Certainly not in the way we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be a moot point. Vakoch says at its current pace, the Voyager spacecraft — and the records inside it –- won’t come close to another star for another 75,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radio messages could take “only” hundreds of years to reach their destination. But that’d still make for an awkward conversation. If ET got our message and responded, no one on Earth today would be alive to hear it. Would our great-great-great-grandchildren even remember what we’d said?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That quandary assumes an even greater feat: that the extra-terrestrials are able to decode our message in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How do you communicate with a life form you know absolutely nothing about? Will these extra-terrestrials have language? If we sent an image, could they see it? Even a simple series of numbers — say a Fibonacci sequence — may be as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KveKjHIipgo\">anthropocentric\u003c/a> as a line of Shakespeare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Send Everything? Or Just One Thing?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with all this uncertainty, participants at the SETI workshop last month fell into two rough camps: Send ET everything — as in the entire Internet — or send them one thing -– a kind of interstellar doorbell.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Do extra terrestrials have language? What if a simple series of numbers, say a Fibonacci sequence, is as anthropocentric as a line of Shakespeare?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I’ll explain the doorbell in a minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The send-them-everything camp, Vakoch says, argues that a smarter, more technologically advanced alien civilization might search the Internet and find patterns. Eventually, they might crack the code of human language, even without an interstellar Rosetta Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These civilizations are likely much older than ours, says SETI’s \u003ca href=\"http://communicating.seti.org/?q=speakers/seth-shostak\">Seth Shostak\u003c/a>, since any message we receive would have been sent hundreds of years ago. And they’re likely more technologically advanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These aren’t soft squishy guys who are interested in arts or music, at least our art and music,” he says. “They’re machines of some sort. Advanced societies will say that more bits are better. More information is better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This struck the other camp at the conference as a really bad idea, maybe even impolite, the equivalent of meeting someone at a party and just screaming at them for an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if, they said, we sent them something drastically smaller: a simple signal, a kind of doorbell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of a doorbell indicates a query, an openness,” Vakoch says. “It’s not a demand to be let in. It’s an indication of the desire to make contact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Olfactory Message\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles artist \u003ca href=\"http://sites.artsblock.ucr.edu/free-enterprise/carrie-paterson/\">Carrie Paterson\u003c/a> came to the conference to \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWQlop5Yedk\">present\u003c/a> a radical idea, even among a crowd of unconventional thinkers: that our message might consist of a “symphony of smells.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the whole point is to send a kind of poem that provokes some curiosity about us,” she says, “some desire to respond.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25032\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 399px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/6-Teen-Age-Message.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/6-Teen-Age-Message.jpg\" alt=\"The content for the Teen-Age Message was decided by Russian adolescents. It included the “1st Theremin Concert for Aliens” and was sent toward six nearby stars in 2001. (Rumlin/Creative Commons)\" width=\"399\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The content for the Teen-Age Message was decided by Russian adolescents. It included the “1st Theremin Concert for Aliens” and was sent toward six nearby stars in 2001. (Rumlin/Creative Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smells, Paterson points out, are chemical cues, the same language used by thousands of species on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope, she says, is that we might “create something a tree would understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How, exactly, do you transmit a smell 25 million light years? No one really knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paterson’s point is that whatever we send should represent all of our planet. Not just humans. Not just scientists. Not just Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vakoch agrees. He’d love to see the United Nations involved, to make this a global question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Secretary-General calls us up,” Vakoch says, “and says, ‘We’d like to have a special session on this,’ I’d be delighted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Vakoch has built a website to collect suggestions from all over the world: \u003ca href=\"http://earthspeaks.seti.org/\">Earth Speaks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever some kind of consensus emerges, maybe it’s time to hit send, and hope someone out there is listening.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/24915/designing-the-inter-stellar-doorbell-or-how-to-talk-to-et",
"authors": [
"210"
],
"categories": [
"science_28",
"science_46",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_922"
],
"featImg": "science_25008",
"label": "science"
},
"science_24909": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_24909",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "24909",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1418438688000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1418438688,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Northern California Ski Slopes Reopen After Storm",
"headTitle": "Northern California Ski Slopes Reopen After Storm | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24972\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 782px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/AA9Q7388-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-24972\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/AA9Q7388-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A skier at Alpine Meadows Ski Resort on Friday after a Bay Area storm left more than a foot of snow in parts of the Sierra Nevada. (Jeff Engerbretson/Squaw Valley Alpine Meadows)\" width=\"782\" height=\"521\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A skier at Alpine Meadows on Friday after a Bay Area storm left more than a foot of snow in parts of the Sierra Nevada. (Jeff Engerbretson/Squaw Valley Alpine Meadows)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strong winds and white-out conditions forced many Sierra Nevada ski resorts to close Thursday. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.weather.gov/\">National Weather Service\u003c/a> issued a blizzard warning and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/cgi-bin/roads.cgi\">Caltrans\u003c/a> urged travelers to use chains while traveling Highway 80 toward Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Friday, the roads cleared and many ski resorts opened after receiving almost two feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.onthesnow.com/california/sugar-bowl-resort/ski-resort.html\">Sugar Bowl Resort\u003c/a>, near Donner Lake, got 22 inches and \u003ca href=\"http://www.onthesnow.com/california/alpine-meadows/ski-resort.html\">Alpine Meadows\u003c/a>, which opened for the first time this season, has 14 inches of new snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tegan Kopilenko, a spokeswoman for \u003ca href=\"http://squawalpine.com/\">Squaw Valley-Alpine Meadows\u003c/a>, said the storm improved ski trails near the base of the mountain, where the resort has been relying on man-made snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lower parts don’t always get snow early,” Kopilenko said, “and this year they are, so it makes more of the mountain accessible to more people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra has had less snow this year in 2014, due partly to normal fluctuations temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Snow-pack-maps.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-24992\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Snow-pack-maps.png\" alt=\"Snow pack maps\" width=\"422\" height=\"383\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has played a minor role too, according to Greg Fall, a researcher at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/\">National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the drought, we started off with almost no snow in the Sierra,” Fall said. “This storm has made a significant dent but it hasn’t turned it into a normal year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/nsa/index.html?region=Sierra_Nevada&year=2013&month=12&day=12&units=e\">75 percent\u003c/a> of the Sierra Nevada range was covered in snow; this year, it’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/nsa/index.html?region=Sierra_Nevada&year=2014&month=12&day=12&units=e\">25 percent\u003c/a>, according to data from the Remote Sensing Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A storm the first week of December left little more than what Coop Cooper calls “snain” — a combination of snow and rain. Cooper is a public communications manager for \u003ca href=\"http://www.onthesnow.com/california/kirkwood/ski-resort.html\">Kirkwood Mountain Resort\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rain came in really warm,” he said. Not this time, though. Kirkwood got 13 inches of snow in Thursday’s storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resorts can expect more snow next week as a new storm moves through the Bay Area Monday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 365,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1704932520,
"excerpt": "Bay Area Storm Brings Fresh Snow and Ski-Worthy Conditions to the Sierra Nevada",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Bay Area Storm Brings Fresh Snow and Ski-Worthy Conditions to the Sierra Nevada",
"title": "Northern California Ski Slopes Reopen After Storm | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Northern California Ski Slopes Reopen After Storm",
"datePublished": "2014-12-12T18:44:48-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:22:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "northern-california-ski-slopes-reopen-after-storm",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/24909/northern-california-ski-slopes-reopen-after-storm",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24972\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 782px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/AA9Q7388-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-24972\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/AA9Q7388-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A skier at Alpine Meadows Ski Resort on Friday after a Bay Area storm left more than a foot of snow in parts of the Sierra Nevada. (Jeff Engerbretson/Squaw Valley Alpine Meadows)\" width=\"782\" height=\"521\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A skier at Alpine Meadows on Friday after a Bay Area storm left more than a foot of snow in parts of the Sierra Nevada. (Jeff Engerbretson/Squaw Valley Alpine Meadows)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strong winds and white-out conditions forced many Sierra Nevada ski resorts to close Thursday. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.weather.gov/\">National Weather Service\u003c/a> issued a blizzard warning and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/cgi-bin/roads.cgi\">Caltrans\u003c/a> urged travelers to use chains while traveling Highway 80 toward Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Friday, the roads cleared and many ski resorts opened after receiving almost two feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.onthesnow.com/california/sugar-bowl-resort/ski-resort.html\">Sugar Bowl Resort\u003c/a>, near Donner Lake, got 22 inches and \u003ca href=\"http://www.onthesnow.com/california/alpine-meadows/ski-resort.html\">Alpine Meadows\u003c/a>, which opened for the first time this season, has 14 inches of new snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tegan Kopilenko, a spokeswoman for \u003ca href=\"http://squawalpine.com/\">Squaw Valley-Alpine Meadows\u003c/a>, said the storm improved ski trails near the base of the mountain, where the resort has been relying on man-made snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lower parts don’t always get snow early,” Kopilenko said, “and this year they are, so it makes more of the mountain accessible to more people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra has had less snow this year in 2014, due partly to normal fluctuations temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Snow-pack-maps.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-24992\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Snow-pack-maps.png\" alt=\"Snow pack maps\" width=\"422\" height=\"383\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has played a minor role too, according to Greg Fall, a researcher at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/\">National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the drought, we started off with almost no snow in the Sierra,” Fall said. “This storm has made a significant dent but it hasn’t turned it into a normal year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/nsa/index.html?region=Sierra_Nevada&year=2013&month=12&day=12&units=e\">75 percent\u003c/a> of the Sierra Nevada range was covered in snow; this year, it’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/nsa/index.html?region=Sierra_Nevada&year=2014&month=12&day=12&units=e\">25 percent\u003c/a>, according to data from the Remote Sensing Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A storm the first week of December left little more than what Coop Cooper calls “snain” — a combination of snow and rain. Cooper is a public communications manager for \u003ca href=\"http://www.onthesnow.com/california/kirkwood/ski-resort.html\">Kirkwood Mountain Resort\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rain came in really warm,” he said. Not this time, though. Kirkwood got 13 inches of snow in Thursday’s storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resorts can expect more snow next week as a new storm moves through the Bay Area Monday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/24909/northern-california-ski-slopes-reopen-after-storm",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_64",
"science_109",
"science_107"
],
"featImg": "science_24972",
"label": "science"
},
"science_24757": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_24757",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "24757",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1418330789000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1418330789,
"format": "aside",
"title": "'Pineapple Express' Soaks Bay Area",
"headTitle": "‘Pineapple Express’ Soaks Bay Area | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24894\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Storm_GIF.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24894 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Storm_GIF.gif\" alt=\"Storm_GIF\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image shows an atmospheric river, which brought rain and strong winds to the U.S. West Coast on Thursday. (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As city streets flood and power lines go down, don’t blame \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">El Niño\u003c/a>. The epic storm that hit California early Thursday morning is caused by a water vapor filled low-pressure system called an atmospheric river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long and narrow, it carries ten Mississippi Rivers’ worth of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originating near Hawaii, this ‘Pineapple Express’ brings atmospheric moisture up to the West Coast. As it condenses, water vapor in the river falls as rain – or snow – at higher elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of storms during California’s rainy season are atmospheric rivers that release large amounts of water in a short period of time. Although a megastorm can last more than a week, smaller atmospheric rivers usually last a few days. Annually, atmospheric rivers account for 30 to 50 percent of California’s precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”op29xT9KjaYGLxM5RebKoJBr5wxvJWJA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These streams in the sky form near mid-latitudes. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1188\">last large one\u003c/a> to hit the Bay Area was in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With 80 percent of California in an extreme drought, the deluge could bring some areas back to their average annual rainfall totals, according to \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/mralph\">Marty Ralph\u003c/a>, a meteorologist with the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/\">Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will have a potentially useful impact on water supply during this drought,” said Ralph.”Some reservoirs will get a real benefit out of this,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some Bay Area counties are expected to receive more than a foot of water. Guerneville in Sonoma County has received nearly five inches of water in less than 24 hours. A blizzard warning is also in effect for the western slope of the northern Sierra Nevada, which could receive up to 3 feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24844\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/NOAA.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-24844\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/NOAA.jpg\" alt=\"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) electronics engineer Tom Ayers conducting an atmospheric river observation at the Bodega Marine Laboratory in Bodega Bay, CA, on March 19, 2013.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) electronics engineer Tom Ayers conducting an atmospheric river observation at the Bodega Marine Laboratory in Bodega Bay on March 19, 2013. (California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After three years of little rain, some reservoirs like Uvas near Gilroy are at less than five percent of capacity. Fuller reservoirs may be one result of this storm, in addition to power outages, mudslides and blizzard conditions in the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expect “numerous trees down” due to gusts of wind measuring 50 miles per hour, said meteorologist Steve Anderson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.weather.gov/\">National Weather Service\u003c/a>. “Most of the trees are in drought stress…so it won’t take much, if anything, to push them all over,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Damage from the storm, such as downed trees, power lines and mudslides, may extend from Mendocino to Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For meteorologist Marty Ralph, who studies extreme atmospheric events, this storm is a chance to understand how the pressure system works, which could help prepare for future powerful storm events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"http://bml.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory\u003c/a> in Bodega Bay, he measures soil moisture networks and uses rain gauges to track precipitation.”This is part of the beauty of science, we’re studying how this all works…in real time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm is expected to clear tomorrow, as the atmospheric river of rain continues moving down the coast to San Diego, losing strength along the way.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 599,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704932523,
"excerpt": "The precipitation flooding many parts of the Bay Area is part of a low pressure system that is both common and uncommon during California's winter months.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The precipitation flooding many parts of the Bay Area is part of a low pressure system that is both common and uncommon during California's winter months.",
"title": "'Pineapple Express' Soaks Bay Area | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "'Pineapple Express' Soaks Bay Area",
"datePublished": "2014-12-11T12:46:29-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:22:03-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "pineapple-express-soaks-bay-area",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/24757/pineapple-express-soaks-bay-area",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24894\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Storm_GIF.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24894 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Storm_GIF.gif\" alt=\"Storm_GIF\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image shows an atmospheric river, which brought rain and strong winds to the U.S. West Coast on Thursday. (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As city streets flood and power lines go down, don’t blame \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">El Niño\u003c/a>. The epic storm that hit California early Thursday morning is caused by a water vapor filled low-pressure system called an atmospheric river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long and narrow, it carries ten Mississippi Rivers’ worth of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originating near Hawaii, this ‘Pineapple Express’ brings atmospheric moisture up to the West Coast. As it condenses, water vapor in the river falls as rain – or snow – at higher elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of storms during California’s rainy season are atmospheric rivers that release large amounts of water in a short period of time. Although a megastorm can last more than a week, smaller atmospheric rivers usually last a few days. Annually, atmospheric rivers account for 30 to 50 percent of California’s precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These streams in the sky form near mid-latitudes. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1188\">last large one\u003c/a> to hit the Bay Area was in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With 80 percent of California in an extreme drought, the deluge could bring some areas back to their average annual rainfall totals, according to \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/mralph\">Marty Ralph\u003c/a>, a meteorologist with the \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/\">Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will have a potentially useful impact on water supply during this drought,” said Ralph.”Some reservoirs will get a real benefit out of this,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some Bay Area counties are expected to receive more than a foot of water. Guerneville in Sonoma County has received nearly five inches of water in less than 24 hours. A blizzard warning is also in effect for the western slope of the northern Sierra Nevada, which could receive up to 3 feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24844\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/NOAA.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-24844\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/NOAA.jpg\" alt=\"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) electronics engineer Tom Ayers conducting an atmospheric river observation at the Bodega Marine Laboratory in Bodega Bay, CA, on March 19, 2013.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) electronics engineer Tom Ayers conducting an atmospheric river observation at the Bodega Marine Laboratory in Bodega Bay on March 19, 2013. (California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After three years of little rain, some reservoirs like Uvas near Gilroy are at less than five percent of capacity. Fuller reservoirs may be one result of this storm, in addition to power outages, mudslides and blizzard conditions in the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expect “numerous trees down” due to gusts of wind measuring 50 miles per hour, said meteorologist Steve Anderson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.weather.gov/\">National Weather Service\u003c/a>. “Most of the trees are in drought stress…so it won’t take much, if anything, to push them all over,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Damage from the storm, such as downed trees, power lines and mudslides, may extend from Mendocino to Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For meteorologist Marty Ralph, who studies extreme atmospheric events, this storm is a chance to understand how the pressure system works, which could help prepare for future powerful storm events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"http://bml.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory\u003c/a> in Bodega Bay, he measures soil moisture networks and uses rain gauges to track precipitation.”This is part of the beauty of science, we’re studying how this all works…in real time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm is expected to clear tomorrow, as the atmospheric river of rain continues moving down the coast to San Diego, losing strength along the way.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/24757/pineapple-express-soaks-bay-area",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_182",
"science_572",
"science_2114",
"science_64",
"science_1213",
"science_365"
],
"featImg": "science_24894",
"label": "science"
},
"science_24634": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_24634",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "24634",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1418082181000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1418082181,
"format": "aside",
"title": "California's Drought: Is it Global Warming?",
"headTitle": "California’s Drought: Is it Global Warming? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24642\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/12290993595_30600f2df7_z-e1418080548549.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24642\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/12290993595_30600f2df7_z-e1418080548549.jpg\" alt=\"12290993595_30600f2df7_z\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Uvas Reservoir north of Gilroy stood at less than four percent of its total capacity in early December. (Ian Abbott/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Federal climate scientists say that \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Drought Watch\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/?=science_widget\">California’s drought\u003c/a>, now in its fourth year, is not likely the product of human-induced global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca title=\"NOAA - drought drivers report\" href=\"http://cpo.noaa.gov/ClimatePrograms/ModelingAnalysisPredictionsandProjections/MAPPTaskForces/DroughtTaskForce/CaliforniaDrought.aspx\">new report\u003c/a>, based on seven models that ran 160 “reenactments” of the last three years, concludes that “perhaps about two-thirds of the precipitation deficits” of the last three years have been the product of various convergent factors, including “a randomness of the atmosphere,” says Marty Hoerling, a climate scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>‘s Earth System Research Laboratory and one of the study’s co-authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, it’s been mostly natural variability, which is science-speak for the random year-to-year fluctuations in precipitation that we would normally expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The current California drought is ‘one of the most severe’ since 1895.\u003ccite>— Richard Seager,\u003cbr>\nColumbia University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most climate models show that rising greenhouse gas emissions should produce more intense precipitation during California’s core mid-winter “rainy season” and less during the spring months, creating what lead author Richard Seager of Columbia University calls a “shorter, sharper rainy season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t been happening in recent years. Therefore, says Seager, “The events of the last three winters were primarily due to the natural variability of the atmosphere-ocean system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report has drawn fire from some scientists and commentators who say that it leaves out the effects of \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/15/heat-breaks-records-all-over-bay-area-weather\">record-high temperatures\u003c/a> in California this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda Ekwurzel, senior climate scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/\">Union of Concerned Scientists\u003c/a>, wrote in a response that, “The NOAA study points to natural variability, but it is important to note that these random variations are happening in the context of higher overall temperatures caused by climate change and warmer temperatures spell trouble for water in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s well understood that \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">high temperatures tend to exacerbate drought\u003c/a> impacts, baking moisture out of the ground through increased evaporation and transpiration by plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”SJvxYJSRSSNAGhrem6PCh8609h1g5lSK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, “Warmer temperatures are widening the gap between water supply and demand by contributing to earlier spring snow melt meaning less water is available when demands are the highest in mid-to-late summer,” said UCS climate scientist Juliet Christian-Smith in the same response. “As global warming continues, decreasing snowpack and earlier snowmelt — coupled with increasing demand for water — will likely exacerbate water shortages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seager says the “main driver” of the drought has been lack of precipitation, which defied the predictive models amid rising carbon emissions, but he and Hoerling agree that it would be useful to “continue the analysis by looking at the land surface hydrology and working out what the role of increasing temperature was,” as Seager put it to reporters in a conference call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrologist Peter Gleick of the Oakland-based Pacific Institute says the NOAA report lends itself to misinterpretation because of the “fundamental difference between ’cause’ and ‘influence.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking whether climate changes ’caused’ the current drought is simply the wrong question,” Gleick wrote in an email to KQED. “While there remains plenty of interesting science to be done about how climate changes will cause extreme events in the future, we already see today a growing and clear influence of climate changes on storms and droughts around the world. The influence of human-caused climate change is already apparent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOAA scientists acknowledge the historic nature of the drought itself. Seager describes it as “one of the most severe” since 1895, when the state began keeping precipitation records. Even with December coming down on the wet side so far, it’s impossible to say whether this winter will extend the drought or help bring an end to it, according to Seager and Hoerling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the last three years, California lost essentially one whole year’s worth of precipitation,” Seager notes.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 704,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704932535,
"excerpt": "Not really, says a new report from federal climate scientists. But others say that report doesn't show the whole picture.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Not really, says a new report from federal climate scientists. But others say that report doesn't show the whole picture.",
"title": "California's Drought: Is it Global Warming? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California's Drought: Is it Global Warming?",
"datePublished": "2014-12-08T15:43:01-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:22:15-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "californias-drought-is-it-global-warming",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/24634/californias-drought-is-it-global-warming",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24642\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/12290993595_30600f2df7_z-e1418080548549.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24642\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/12290993595_30600f2df7_z-e1418080548549.jpg\" alt=\"12290993595_30600f2df7_z\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Uvas Reservoir north of Gilroy stood at less than four percent of its total capacity in early December. (Ian Abbott/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Federal climate scientists say that \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Drought Watch\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/?=science_widget\">California’s drought\u003c/a>, now in its fourth year, is not likely the product of human-induced global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca title=\"NOAA - drought drivers report\" href=\"http://cpo.noaa.gov/ClimatePrograms/ModelingAnalysisPredictionsandProjections/MAPPTaskForces/DroughtTaskForce/CaliforniaDrought.aspx\">new report\u003c/a>, based on seven models that ran 160 “reenactments” of the last three years, concludes that “perhaps about two-thirds of the precipitation deficits” of the last three years have been the product of various convergent factors, including “a randomness of the atmosphere,” says Marty Hoerling, a climate scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>‘s Earth System Research Laboratory and one of the study’s co-authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, it’s been mostly natural variability, which is science-speak for the random year-to-year fluctuations in precipitation that we would normally expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The current California drought is ‘one of the most severe’ since 1895.\u003ccite>— Richard Seager,\u003cbr>\nColumbia University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most climate models show that rising greenhouse gas emissions should produce more intense precipitation during California’s core mid-winter “rainy season” and less during the spring months, creating what lead author Richard Seager of Columbia University calls a “shorter, sharper rainy season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t been happening in recent years. Therefore, says Seager, “The events of the last three winters were primarily due to the natural variability of the atmosphere-ocean system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report has drawn fire from some scientists and commentators who say that it leaves out the effects of \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/15/heat-breaks-records-all-over-bay-area-weather\">record-high temperatures\u003c/a> in California this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda Ekwurzel, senior climate scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/\">Union of Concerned Scientists\u003c/a>, wrote in a response that, “The NOAA study points to natural variability, but it is important to note that these random variations are happening in the context of higher overall temperatures caused by climate change and warmer temperatures spell trouble for water in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s well understood that \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">high temperatures tend to exacerbate drought\u003c/a> impacts, baking moisture out of the ground through increased evaporation and transpiration by plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, “Warmer temperatures are widening the gap between water supply and demand by contributing to earlier spring snow melt meaning less water is available when demands are the highest in mid-to-late summer,” said UCS climate scientist Juliet Christian-Smith in the same response. “As global warming continues, decreasing snowpack and earlier snowmelt — coupled with increasing demand for water — will likely exacerbate water shortages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seager says the “main driver” of the drought has been lack of precipitation, which defied the predictive models amid rising carbon emissions, but he and Hoerling agree that it would be useful to “continue the analysis by looking at the land surface hydrology and working out what the role of increasing temperature was,” as Seager put it to reporters in a conference call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrologist Peter Gleick of the Oakland-based Pacific Institute says the NOAA report lends itself to misinterpretation because of the “fundamental difference between ’cause’ and ‘influence.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking whether climate changes ’caused’ the current drought is simply the wrong question,” Gleick wrote in an email to KQED. “While there remains plenty of interesting science to be done about how climate changes will cause extreme events in the future, we already see today a growing and clear influence of climate changes on storms and droughts around the world. The influence of human-caused climate change is already apparent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOAA scientists acknowledge the historic nature of the drought itself. Seager describes it as “one of the most severe” since 1895, when the state began keeping precipitation records. Even with December coming down on the wet side so far, it’s impossible to say whether this winter will extend the drought or help bring an end to it, according to Seager and Hoerling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the last three years, California lost essentially one whole year’s worth of precipitation,” Seager notes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/24634/californias-drought-is-it-global-warming",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1622",
"science_194",
"science_572",
"science_5182",
"science_201",
"science_365"
],
"featImg": "science_24642",
"label": "science_1151"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=news": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 3000,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 3366,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_25752",
"science_25693",
"science_25663",
"science_25462",
"science_25508",
"science_25388",
"science_25305",
"science_25153",
"science_24915",
"science_24909",
"science_24757",
"science_24634"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_news": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_1022": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1022",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1022",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Fracking in California",
"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_13657\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"351\"]\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/files/2014/01/Fracking-main.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13657\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/files/2014/01/Fracking-main.jpg\" alt=\"Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"351\" height=\"263\" />\u003c/a> Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption]\r\n\r\nHydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/05/21/californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows/\">Monterey Shale\u003c/a>.\r\n\r\nIn California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>What is it?\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nFracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. \u003ca href=\"http://fracfocus.org/\">According to the oil industry\u003c/a>, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Concerns\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nEnvironmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">uses large volumes of freshwater\u003c/a>. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Where it Stands\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn November 2013, state regulators \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">released draft rules for fracking\u003c/a> that are now \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/californias-new-fracking-regulations-delayed-half-a-year/\">expected to go into effect in July 2015\u003c/a>. They followed passage of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote\">SB 4\u003c/a>, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover.\r\n\r\nUnder the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. The regulations are expected to be finalized by the end of 2014.",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_13657\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"351\"] Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the Monterey Shale. In California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas. What is it? Fracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. According to the oil industry, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state. Concerns Environmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also uses large volumes of freshwater. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found. Where it Stands In November 2013, state regulators released draft rules for fracking that are now expected to go into effect in July 2015. They followed passage of SB 4, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover. Under the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. The regulations are expected to be finalized by the end of 2014.",
"title": "Fracking in California Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1030,
"slug": "fracking-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/fracking-california"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_429": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_429",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "429",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fracking",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fracking Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 435,
"slug": "fracking",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fracking"
},
"science_955": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_955",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "955",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "hydraulic fracturing",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "hydraulic fracturing Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 962,
"slug": "hydraulic-fracturing",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/hydraulic-fracturing"
},
"science_1151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Drought Watch",
"description": "\u003cem>What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n[iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"]\r\n\r\n\u003cem>We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the \u003ca href=\"#background\">background\u003c/a> and rounding up \u003ca href=\"#river\">all the stories\u003c/a> we’ve produced.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Relief at Last\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. [http_redir]",
"title": "Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1160,
"slug": "california-drought-watch",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/california-drought-watch"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_1213": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1213",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1213",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "rain",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "rain Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1222,
"slug": "rain",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/rain"
},
"science_109": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_109",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "109",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sierra nevada",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sierra nevada Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 113,
"slug": "sierra-nevada",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sierra-nevada"
},
"science_1127": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1127",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1127",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "snowpack",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "snowpack Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1135,
"slug": "snowpack",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/snowpack"
},
"science_121": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_121",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "121",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cap and trade",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cap and trade Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 125,
"slug": "cap-and-trade",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/cap-and-trade"
},
"science_2164": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2164",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2164",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "greenhouse gas emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "greenhouse gas emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2175,
"slug": "greenhouse-gas-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/greenhouse-gas-emissions"
},
"science_64": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_64",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "64",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "full-image",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "full-image Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 67,
"slug": "full-image",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/full-image"
},
"science_1927": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1927",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "lunar eclipse",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "lunar eclipse Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1938,
"slug": "lunar-eclipse",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/lunar-eclipse"
},
"science_1159": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1159",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1159",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "martins beach",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "martins beach Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1168,
"slug": "martins-beach",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/martins-beach"
},
"science_1841": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1841",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1841",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "south napa earthquake",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "south napa earthquake Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1852,
"slug": "south-napa-earthquake",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/south-napa-earthquake"
},
"science_577": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_577",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "577",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "space",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "space Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 583,
"slug": "space",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/space"
},
"science_1888": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1888",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1888",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "disaster preparedness",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "disaster preparedness Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1899,
"slug": "disaster-preparedness",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/disaster-preparedness"
},
"science_257": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_257",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "257",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "earthquake",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "earthquake Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 261,
"slug": "earthquake",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/earthquake"
},
"science_258": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_258",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "258",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "tsunami",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "tsunami Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 262,
"slug": "tsunami",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/tsunami"
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_1622": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1622",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1622",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1631,
"slug": "california-drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california-drought"
},
"science_1491": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1491",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1491",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Drought Watch 2014",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Drought Watch 2014 Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1500,
"slug": "drought-watch-2014",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought-watch-2014"
},
"science_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Geology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Geology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 40,
"slug": "geology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/geology"
},
"science_218": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_218",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "218",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "geology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "geology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 222,
"slug": "geology-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/geology-2"
},
"science_28": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_28",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "28",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Astronomy",
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"title": "Astronomy Articles | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 30,
"slug": "astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/astronomy"
},
"science_922": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_922",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "922",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "SETI",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "SETI Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 929,
"slug": "seti",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/seti"
},
"science_107": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_107",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "107",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "snow",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "snow Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 111,
"slug": "snow",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/snow"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_2114": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2114",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2114",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "flooding",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "flooding Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2125,
"slug": "flooding",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/flooding"
},
"science_365": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_365",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "365",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "weather",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "weather Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 371,
"slug": "weather",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/weather"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_5182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NOAA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NOAA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5182,
"slug": "noaa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/noaa"
},
"science_201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "water-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-2"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
