window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_27418": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27418",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27418",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27415,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/HIOC-BML-photo-e1424466621114.jpg",
"width": 480,
"height": 268
}
},
"publishDate": 1424450192,
"modified": 1424450384,
"caption": "Marine scientists at work on Hog Island in Tomales Bay, California (Tessa Hill/UC Davis)",
"description": null,
"title": null,
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_27575": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27575",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27575",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27570,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-CPC-1232-e1424829195348.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 361
}
},
"publishDate": 1424821164,
"modified": 1424821721,
"caption": "This CPC-1232 tank car represents an upgrade over an older models criticized for being easily punctured, but critics say there's still much to be desired. (Daniel Potter/KQED)",
"description": null,
"title": "DP--CPC-1232",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_27556": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27556",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27556",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27554,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Keystone-XL-e1424815861107.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1424815163,
"modified": 1424815232,
"caption": "Environmental activists inflate a long balloon to mock a pipeline during a demonstration in front of the White House in Washington, DC, on February 3, 2014 to protest against the Keystone pipeline project. (Jewel Samad /AFP/Getty Images)",
"description": "Environmental activists inflate a long balloon to mock a pipeline during a demonstration in front of the White House in Washington, DC, on February 3, 2014 to protest against the Keystone pipeline project. (Jewel Samad /AFP/Getty Images)",
"title": "US-POLITICS-ENVIRONMENT-KEYSTONE-PROTEST",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_27383": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27383",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27383",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27379,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple3.jpg",
"width": 5184,
"height": 3456
}
},
"publishDate": 1424390799,
"modified": 1424390808,
"caption": "(Anya Schultz/KQED)",
"description": null,
"title": "apple3",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_27239": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27239",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27239",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27226,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Kahn-Coast-Dairies-e1423789113533.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1423788967,
"modified": 1423789130,
"caption": "TK TK TK TK TK TK TK.",
"description": "Coast Dairies, Davenport, CA. 11/25/14",
"title": "Coast Dairies",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_27148": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27148",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27148",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27145,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson-e1423551357439.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 358
}
},
"publishDate": 1423550881,
"modified": 1423550910,
"caption": "(Courtesy Emmanuel Mignot)",
"description": null,
"title": "Watson",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_27099": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27099",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27099",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27067,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/elephantseal.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1423268963,
"modified": 1438123259,
"caption": "A male northern elephant seal calling at Ano Nuevo State Reserve. (A. Friendlaender)",
"description": null,
"title": "elephantseal",
"credit": "A. Friendlaender",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26995": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26995",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26995",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26984,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Gail-Cho-e1423172043262.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1423171919,
"modified": 1423172092,
"caption": "California Department of Fish and Wildlife)",
"description": null,
"title": "Gail Cho",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26749": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26749",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26749",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26746,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bionic-arm-e1422650054858.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 358
}
},
"publishDate": 1422649601,
"modified": 1422649761,
"caption": "Jason Koger, a father of three from Owensboro, Kentucky, uses a pair of high-tech bionic hands. Both his arms were amputated below the elbow after an ATV accident seven years ago. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)",
"description": null,
"title": "Bionic arm",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26786": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26786",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26786",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26776,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 480
}
},
"publishDate": 1422671249,
"modified": 1422671268,
"caption": "Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"description": "Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"title": "RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26730": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26730",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26730",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26725,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/state-parks-e1422642179692.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1422641803,
"modified": 1422641966,
"caption": " Monterey Pines and other trees at sunset in Asilomar State Park, which celebrated its centennial in 2013.\n(Leslie David/KQED)",
"description": null,
"title": "state parks",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"amystanden": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "210",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "210",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amy Standen",
"firstName": "Amy",
"lastName": "Standen",
"slug": "amystanden",
"email": "astanden@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amy Standen (@amystanden) is co-host of #\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap\">TheLeapPodcast\u003c/a> (subscribe on iTunes or Stitcher!) and host of KQED and PBSDigital Studios' science video series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>. Her science radio stories appear on KQED and NPR.\r\n\r\nEmail her at astanden@kqed.org",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amy Standen | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/amystanden"
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"sasha-khokha": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "254",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "254",
"found": true
},
"name": "Sasha Khokha",
"firstName": "Sasha",
"lastName": "Khokha",
"slug": "sasha-khokha",
"email": "skhokha@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"news"
],
"title": "Host, The California Report Magazine",
"bio": "Sasha Khokha is the host of \u003cem>The California Report's \u003c/em> weekly magazine program, which takes listeners on sound-rich excursions to meet the people that make the Golden State unique -- through audio documentaries and long-form stories. As \u003cem>The California Report's\u003c/em> Central Valley Bureau Chief based in Fresno for nearly a dozen years, Sasha brought the lives and concerns of rural Californians to listeners around the state. Her reporting helped expose the hidden price immigrant women janitors and farmworkers may pay to keep their jobs: sexual assault at work. It inspired two new California laws to protect them from sexual harassment. She was a key member of the reporting team for the Frontline film \u003cem>Rape on the Night Shift, \u003c/em>which was nominated for two national Emmys. Sasha has also won a national Edward R. Murrow and a national PRNDI award for investigative reporting, as well as multiple prizes from the Society for Professional Journalists. Sasha is a proud alum of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism and Brown University and a member of the South Asian Journalists Association.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "KQEDSashaKhokha",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Sasha Khokha | KQED",
"description": "Host, The California Report Magazine",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/sasha-khokha"
},
"lindseyhoshaw": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5432",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5432",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Hoshaw",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Hoshaw",
"slug": "lindseyhoshaw",
"email": "lhoshaw@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "lindseyhoshaw",
"facebook": "lindsey.hoshaw.9",
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_post_subscriptions",
"edit_usergroups",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"leadcoordinator",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lindseyhoshaw"
},
"kqedscience": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6387",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6387",
"found": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"firstName": "KQED",
"lastName": "Science",
"slug": "kqedscience",
"email": "kqedscience@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond by the flagship Northern California PBS and NPR affiliate.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "KQED Science | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kqedscience"
},
"dpotter": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6609",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6609",
"found": true
},
"name": "Daniel Potter",
"firstName": "Daniel",
"lastName": "Potter",
"slug": "dpotter",
"email": "dpotter@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Daniel Potter is a reporter for KQED Science. Before that, he worked at Nashville Public Radio for six years. He’s gathered tape for The New York Times, contributed to a growing list of podcasts, and done national features for NPR on everything from bats to meningitis. He tweets at @hellodanpo.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59396b9ad9c672dd4cd1d3e453425f12?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "hellodanpo",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Daniel Potter | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59396b9ad9c672dd4cd1d3e453425f12?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59396b9ad9c672dd4cd1d3e453425f12?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dpotter"
},
"mpickett": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6616",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6616",
"found": true
},
"name": "Mallory Pickett",
"firstName": "Mallory",
"lastName": "Pickett",
"slug": "mpickett",
"email": "mallorypickett@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Mallory Pickett is an intern with KQED Science, where she mostly contributes to Deep Look. Before coming to KQED Mallory was a chemist, studying climate change and ocean acidification in her graduate studies at UC San Diego and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Now she works as a freelance science and environmental reporter in Berkeley, California, and is also a student at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Mallory Pickett | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/mpickett"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_news": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"score": 10.810295
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "News",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 249
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=news",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 249
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_27415": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27415",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27415",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424989489000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424989489,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Scientists Tackle a Dual Threat: More Acid, Less Oxygen in the Ocean",
"headTitle": "Scientists Tackle a Dual Threat: More Acid, Less Oxygen in the Ocean | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27418\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 593px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/HIOC-BML-photo-e1424466621114.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/HIOC-BML-photo-e1424466621114.jpg\" alt=\"Marine scientists at work on Hog Island in Tomales Bay, California (Tessa Hill/UC Davis)\" width=\"593\" height=\"332\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine scientists at work on Hog Island in Tomales Bay, California. (Tessa Hill/UC Davis)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every summer for the past decade, fishermen and beachgoers along the Oregon coast have noticed dead crabs scattered along the shore, sometimes washed up in bunches. No one knows for sure why it’s happening, but scientists think “dead zones” formed by low oxygen levels in coastal waters could be the culprit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans absorb about a third of the carbon dioxide we pump into Earth’s atmosphere, which means that as we increase carbon dioxide in the air, we increase it in the ocean as well. The carbon dioxide reacts with water to create an acid, so that, over time, scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration say, ocean acidity has risen by \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F\">about 30 percent\u003c/a> and oxygen levels have dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the combined impacts of decreasing oxygen and increasing acidity could be disastrous for marine ecosystems and the humans who depend on them, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/acidification/state-vulnerability.asp\">not only in California and along the West Coast, but on the East and Gulf Coasts as well\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s a big problem and we need people to work together to think integratively.’\u003ccite>— Tessa Hill, U.C. Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Mollusks such as oysters and clams depend on minerals in the ocean to form their shells — specifically, calcium carbonate minerals. Increasingly acidic waters deplete the storehouse of calcium carbonate minerals, threatening the ability of shellfish to grow the structures in which they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shellfish, and most other marine organisms, also need oxygen in the water to survive. When oxygen levels get to too low — a condition called hypoxia — it can kill them, which is what scientists think happened to the crabs on Oregon’s beaches. Canadian scientists in 2007 found that oxygen levels off the West Coast have already declined by 20 percent over the past 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Threat to Food and Fishing Economies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v5/n3/full/nclimate2508.html\">A study\u003c/a> published this week in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nclimate/index.html\">Nature Climate Change\u003c/a> found that oyster, clam, crab and other fisheries in the Pacific Northwest, Mid-Atlantic, New England and the Gulf of Mexico are \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/acidification-hotspots/default.asp\">among the most vulnerable\u003c/a> in the U.S. to the impacts of ocean acidification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 assessment conducted by the state of Washington estimated that ocean acidification has already cost the oyster industry in the Pacific Northwest more than $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big problem and we need people to work together to think integratively,” says Tessa Hill, an oceanographer at U.C. Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Hill and marine scientists from Canada, Washington, Oregon and California formed \u003ca href=\"http://westcoastoah.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Panel\u003c/a> last year. Working under the auspices of the \u003ca href=\"http://calost.org/\">California Ocean Science Trust\u003c/a>, the group aims to help governments plan for the future of a rapidly changing ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group released \u003ca href=\"http://westcoastoah.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/EnvisioningFutureSciLandscape-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its first report\u003c/a> this month, outlining how scientific research can help policymakers craft smarter strategies for dealing with more acidic ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Can Science Help?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nScientists need to know more about how the multiple effects of ocean acidification, warming waters, and other stressors affect marine life. The report recommends developing studies that use real-life time scales and large environments, outside the lab, to help make predictive modeling more accurate. For example, scientists are partnering with shellfish farmers to gather data on how shellfish are affected by the chemistry of the water they’re exposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also recommends adding chemical and biological sensors to existing ocean buoys. That would cut the cost of installing the sensors and allow the network of ocean observers to share data more easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key idea is to share data between researchers and government to help policymakers evaluate programs already in place: marine protected areas, or water quality monitoring networks. Using feedback on how conservation programs are working, political leaders could, in theory, change policies as needed to be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists agree the long-term answer to ocean acidification is to decrease our fossil fuel emissions. Meanwhile, they hope to be able to foster resilience in marine ecosystems along West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are lots of groups coming together to try and address the problem in an innovative way,” Hill says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 730,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1704932217,
"excerpt": "Marine scientists from up and down the West Coast say it's a one-two punch to the Pacific food web.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Marine scientists from up and down the West Coast say it's a one-two punch to the Pacific food web.",
"title": "Scientists Tackle a Dual Threat: More Acid, Less Oxygen in the Ocean | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientists Tackle a Dual Threat: More Acid, Less Oxygen in the Ocean",
"datePublished": "2015-02-26T14:24:49-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:16:57-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientists-tackle-a-duel-threat-more-acid-less-oxygen-in-the-ocean",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/",
"sticky": false,
"source": "KQED Science",
"path": "/science/27415/scientists-tackle-a-duel-threat-more-acid-less-oxygen-in-the-ocean",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27418\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 593px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/HIOC-BML-photo-e1424466621114.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/HIOC-BML-photo-e1424466621114.jpg\" alt=\"Marine scientists at work on Hog Island in Tomales Bay, California (Tessa Hill/UC Davis)\" width=\"593\" height=\"332\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine scientists at work on Hog Island in Tomales Bay, California. (Tessa Hill/UC Davis)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every summer for the past decade, fishermen and beachgoers along the Oregon coast have noticed dead crabs scattered along the shore, sometimes washed up in bunches. No one knows for sure why it’s happening, but scientists think “dead zones” formed by low oxygen levels in coastal waters could be the culprit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans absorb about a third of the carbon dioxide we pump into Earth’s atmosphere, which means that as we increase carbon dioxide in the air, we increase it in the ocean as well. The carbon dioxide reacts with water to create an acid, so that, over time, scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration say, ocean acidity has risen by \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F\">about 30 percent\u003c/a> and oxygen levels have dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the combined impacts of decreasing oxygen and increasing acidity could be disastrous for marine ecosystems and the humans who depend on them, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/acidification/state-vulnerability.asp\">not only in California and along the West Coast, but on the East and Gulf Coasts as well\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s a big problem and we need people to work together to think integratively.’\u003ccite>— Tessa Hill, U.C. Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Mollusks such as oysters and clams depend on minerals in the ocean to form their shells — specifically, calcium carbonate minerals. Increasingly acidic waters deplete the storehouse of calcium carbonate minerals, threatening the ability of shellfish to grow the structures in which they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shellfish, and most other marine organisms, also need oxygen in the water to survive. When oxygen levels get to too low — a condition called hypoxia — it can kill them, which is what scientists think happened to the crabs on Oregon’s beaches. Canadian scientists in 2007 found that oxygen levels off the West Coast have already declined by 20 percent over the past 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Threat to Food and Fishing Economies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v5/n3/full/nclimate2508.html\">A study\u003c/a> published this week in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nclimate/index.html\">Nature Climate Change\u003c/a> found that oyster, clam, crab and other fisheries in the Pacific Northwest, Mid-Atlantic, New England and the Gulf of Mexico are \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/acidification-hotspots/default.asp\">among the most vulnerable\u003c/a> in the U.S. to the impacts of ocean acidification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 assessment conducted by the state of Washington estimated that ocean acidification has already cost the oyster industry in the Pacific Northwest more than $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big problem and we need people to work together to think integratively,” says Tessa Hill, an oceanographer at U.C. Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Hill and marine scientists from Canada, Washington, Oregon and California formed \u003ca href=\"http://westcoastoah.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Panel\u003c/a> last year. Working under the auspices of the \u003ca href=\"http://calost.org/\">California Ocean Science Trust\u003c/a>, the group aims to help governments plan for the future of a rapidly changing ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group released \u003ca href=\"http://westcoastoah.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/EnvisioningFutureSciLandscape-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its first report\u003c/a> this month, outlining how scientific research can help policymakers craft smarter strategies for dealing with more acidic ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Can Science Help?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nScientists need to know more about how the multiple effects of ocean acidification, warming waters, and other stressors affect marine life. The report recommends developing studies that use real-life time scales and large environments, outside the lab, to help make predictive modeling more accurate. For example, scientists are partnering with shellfish farmers to gather data on how shellfish are affected by the chemistry of the water they’re exposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also recommends adding chemical and biological sensors to existing ocean buoys. That would cut the cost of installing the sensors and allow the network of ocean observers to share data more easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key idea is to share data between researchers and government to help policymakers evaluate programs already in place: marine protected areas, or water quality monitoring networks. Using feedback on how conservation programs are working, political leaders could, in theory, change policies as needed to be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists agree the long-term answer to ocean acidification is to decrease our fossil fuel emissions. Meanwhile, they hope to be able to foster resilience in marine ecosystems along West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are lots of groups coming together to try and address the problem in an innovative way,” Hill says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27415/scientists-tackle-a-duel-threat-more-acid-less-oxygen-in-the-ocean",
"authors": [
"6616"
],
"series": [
"science_2625"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_29",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1321"
],
"featImg": "science_27418",
"label": "source_science_27415"
},
"science_27570": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27570",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27570",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424830500000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1753
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424830500,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Railroads, Big Oil Move to Ease Fears Over Crude Shipments",
"headTitle": "Railroads, Big Oil Move to Ease Fears Over Crude Shipments | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27575\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-CPC-1232-e1424829168341-1024x578.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27575\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-CPC-1232-e1424829168341-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"This CPC-1232 tank car represents an upgrade over an older models criticized for being easily punctured, but critics say there's still much to be desired. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"578\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This CPC-1232 tank car represents an upgrade over older models criticized for being easily punctured, but critics say there’s still much to be desired. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Facing growing apprehension among Californians, railroads and oil companies are trying to allay fears over the dangers of hauling crude oil into the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tensions have been heightened by a \u003ca title=\"Q-NewsFix - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/02/call-for-suspension-of-crude-by-rail-shipments-feather-river-derailment\">spate of derailments\u003c/a>, as well as a recently unearthed \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/457d7daf9116472380fbb9548b563739/ap-exclusive-fuel-hauling-trains-could-derail-10-year\">government report\u003c/a> with some sobering projections for the potential cost to life and property from such incidents in coming years. Federal regulators are weighing stricter rules governing everything from modernized braking systems to new speed limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a rare move Tuesday in Sacramento, officials with California’s two major railroads, Union Pacific and BNSF, held a media briefing explaining safety measures ranging from computerized stability controls to special foam for choking out fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the California State Railroad Museum, Pat Brady, a hazardous materials manager for BNSF, showed off a newer model tank car with half-inch thick “head shields” – metal plates extending halfway up on either end. The car was also equipped with “skid protection,” Brady said, pointing to a nozzle underneath that’s designed to break away in a derailment, leaving the valve itself intact, to avert spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tank car, the CPC-1232, is supposed to be safer and harder to puncture than the older DOT-111 version, but it’s facing skepticism after \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/17/us-usa-train-derailment-csx-idUSKBN0LK1ST20150217\">several exploded\u003c/a> last week when a train hauling North Dakota crude through West Virginia derailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27574\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 358px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-William-Boyd-Union-Pacific-1-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27574\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-William-Boyd-Union-Pacific-1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Using a simulator, Union Pacific's William Boyd demonstrates technology making sure train operators don't go too fast or end up on the wrong track. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"358\" height=\"268\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Union Pacific’s William Boyd showcases a locomotive simulation that conductors can use as a training device. It will slow down virtual speeding trains and issue warnings to the operator. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Industry officials at the Sacramento briefing were reluctant to comment about that incident, saying not all the facts are in yet, but several emphasized the importance of keeping trains from derailing to begin with, and claiming that more than 99.99 percent of such shipments arrive safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both BNSF and Union Pacific said tracks used to haul crude through California undergo daily visual inspections, said Union Pacific spokesman Aaron Hunt, as well as a battery of high-tech tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re using lasers to measure track gauge and track profile to keep trains on tracks,” he said, and also “pushing ultrasonic waves into our rail to detect potential cracks early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hunt says in a typical month, Union Pacific brings in 1,000 to 1,200 cars loaded with oil, a tiny fraction of the company’s in-state freight. BNSF said its oil haul is even less: about two trains a month. But some predict such \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/california-has-little-say-over-oil-train-safety/\">shipments could soar\u003c/a> in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also represented at the briefing was Valero Energy, which is hoping to start bringing two fifty-car oil trains a day \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">to its refinery in Benicia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Valero as a company has acquired over five thousand rail cars,” said Chris Howe, a health and safety manager at Valero’s Benicia facility. “We’re able to get a number of them committed to our project, so we will likely be using Valero cars of these newer designs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry’s shift away from the DOT-111 model is “a useful step,” says Patti Goldman, managing attorney with \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/\">Earthjustice\u003c/a>, who adds that the newer cars are still “not nearly safe enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you need to do to prevent catastrophes when trains do leave the tracks is have far better tank cars to be able to prevent the leaks and explosions in the first place,” says Goldman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthjustice is \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/12/environmentalists-sue-over-crude-by-rail-safety/\">in a legal fight\u003c/a> pushing for stronger oversight and regulation. Goldman charges that it’s taking a long time to fully phase out older models because the industry is more focused on growing fleets rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just inexcusable,” she says. “We don’t think they’re allowed to do that. We think they need to get these hazardous tank cars off the rails before they start increasing the amount of crude oil that’s going to be shipped on the rails.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 718,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704932220,
"excerpt": "Railroads and oil companies stage a show-and-tell in Sacramento to highlight safety measures they've put in place. Environmentalists and community activists remain skeptical.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Railroads and oil companies stage a show-and-tell in Sacramento to highlight safety measures they've put in place. Environmentalists and community activists remain skeptical.",
"title": "Railroads, Big Oil Move to Ease Fears Over Crude Shipments | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Railroads, Big Oil Move to Ease Fears Over Crude Shipments",
"datePublished": "2015-02-24T18:15:00-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:17:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "railroads-big-oil-move-to-ease-fears-over-crude-shipments",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/27570/railroads-big-oil-move-to-ease-fears-over-crude-shipments",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27575\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-CPC-1232-e1424829168341-1024x578.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27575\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-CPC-1232-e1424829168341-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"This CPC-1232 tank car represents an upgrade over an older models criticized for being easily punctured, but critics say there's still much to be desired. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"578\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This CPC-1232 tank car represents an upgrade over older models criticized for being easily punctured, but critics say there’s still much to be desired. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Facing growing apprehension among Californians, railroads and oil companies are trying to allay fears over the dangers of hauling crude oil into the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tensions have been heightened by a \u003ca title=\"Q-NewsFix - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/02/call-for-suspension-of-crude-by-rail-shipments-feather-river-derailment\">spate of derailments\u003c/a>, as well as a recently unearthed \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/457d7daf9116472380fbb9548b563739/ap-exclusive-fuel-hauling-trains-could-derail-10-year\">government report\u003c/a> with some sobering projections for the potential cost to life and property from such incidents in coming years. Federal regulators are weighing stricter rules governing everything from modernized braking systems to new speed limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a rare move Tuesday in Sacramento, officials with California’s two major railroads, Union Pacific and BNSF, held a media briefing explaining safety measures ranging from computerized stability controls to special foam for choking out fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the California State Railroad Museum, Pat Brady, a hazardous materials manager for BNSF, showed off a newer model tank car with half-inch thick “head shields” – metal plates extending halfway up on either end. The car was also equipped with “skid protection,” Brady said, pointing to a nozzle underneath that’s designed to break away in a derailment, leaving the valve itself intact, to avert spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tank car, the CPC-1232, is supposed to be safer and harder to puncture than the older DOT-111 version, but it’s facing skepticism after \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/17/us-usa-train-derailment-csx-idUSKBN0LK1ST20150217\">several exploded\u003c/a> last week when a train hauling North Dakota crude through West Virginia derailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27574\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 358px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-William-Boyd-Union-Pacific-1-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27574\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/DP-William-Boyd-Union-Pacific-1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Using a simulator, Union Pacific's William Boyd demonstrates technology making sure train operators don't go too fast or end up on the wrong track. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"358\" height=\"268\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Union Pacific’s William Boyd showcases a locomotive simulation that conductors can use as a training device. It will slow down virtual speeding trains and issue warnings to the operator. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Industry officials at the Sacramento briefing were reluctant to comment about that incident, saying not all the facts are in yet, but several emphasized the importance of keeping trains from derailing to begin with, and claiming that more than 99.99 percent of such shipments arrive safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both BNSF and Union Pacific said tracks used to haul crude through California undergo daily visual inspections, said Union Pacific spokesman Aaron Hunt, as well as a battery of high-tech tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re using lasers to measure track gauge and track profile to keep trains on tracks,” he said, and also “pushing ultrasonic waves into our rail to detect potential cracks early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hunt says in a typical month, Union Pacific brings in 1,000 to 1,200 cars loaded with oil, a tiny fraction of the company’s in-state freight. BNSF said its oil haul is even less: about two trains a month. But some predict such \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/california-has-little-say-over-oil-train-safety/\">shipments could soar\u003c/a> in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also represented at the briefing was Valero Energy, which is hoping to start bringing two fifty-car oil trains a day \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">to its refinery in Benicia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Valero as a company has acquired over five thousand rail cars,” said Chris Howe, a health and safety manager at Valero’s Benicia facility. “We’re able to get a number of them committed to our project, so we will likely be using Valero cars of these newer designs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry’s shift away from the DOT-111 model is “a useful step,” says Patti Goldman, managing attorney with \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/\">Earthjustice\u003c/a>, who adds that the newer cars are still “not nearly safe enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you need to do to prevent catastrophes when trains do leave the tracks is have far better tank cars to be able to prevent the leaks and explosions in the first place,” says Goldman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthjustice is \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/12/environmentalists-sue-over-crude-by-rail-safety/\">in a legal fight\u003c/a> pushing for stronger oversight and regulation. Goldman charges that it’s taking a long time to fully phase out older models because the industry is more focused on growing fleets rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just inexcusable,” she says. “We don’t think they’re allowed to do that. We think they need to get these hazardous tank cars off the rails before they start increasing the amount of crude oil that’s going to be shipped on the rails.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27570/railroads-big-oil-move-to-ease-fears-over-crude-shipments",
"authors": [
"6609"
],
"series": [
"science_1753"
],
"categories": [
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_552",
"science_1043"
],
"featImg": "science_27575",
"label": "science_1753"
},
"science_27554": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27554",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27554",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424815944000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424815944,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Obama Vetoes Keystone XL Pipeline Bill",
"headTitle": "Obama Vetoes Keystone XL Pipeline Bill | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27556\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Keystone-XL-e1424815265118-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27556\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Keystone-XL-e1424815265118-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Environmental activists inflate a long balloon to mock a pipeline during a demonstration in front of the White House in Washington, DC, on February 3, 2014 to protest against the Keystone pipeline project. (Jewel Samad /AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Environmental activists inflate a long balloon to mock a pipeline during a demonstration in front of the White House in Washington, DC, on February 3, 2014 to protest against the Keystone pipeline project. (Jewel Samad /AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By Krishnadev Calamur\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/24/388738159/obama-to-veto-keystone-xl-pipeline-today-without-drama-or-fanfare-or-delay\">\u003cstrong>NPR\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has notified the Senate that President Obama has, as promised, vetoed congressional legislation to fast-track approval of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/140086821/keystone-xl-pipeline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keystone XL pipeline\u003c/a> project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Through this bill, the United States Congress attempts to circumvent longstanding and proven processes for determining whether or not building and operating a cross-border pipeline serves the national interest,” Obama said in the notification to the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. State Department has been reviewing the pipeline for more than six years, working to determine whether it is in the national interest. Congressional Republicans want to circumvent that process and grant a permit immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said the Senate will vote no later than March 3 to override Obama’s veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans would need a two-thirds majority in each chamber to override Obama’s veto. They do not appear to have enough votes to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists both applauded the veto and urged further action. California financier and climate activist Tom Steyer urged Keystone opponents to press Obama to formally “reject TransCanada’s application to build the Keystone XL pipeline.” Today’s veto affects only the bill to force immediate approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/24/388738159/obama-to-veto-keystone-xl-pipeline-today-without-drama-or-fanfare-or-delay\">Read more\u003c/a> at NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 250,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1704932226,
"excerpt": "Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said the Senate will vote no later than March 3 to override the veto. But Republicans do not appear to have enough votes to override the veto.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said the Senate will vote no later than March 3 to override the veto. But Republicans do not appear to have enough votes to override the veto.",
"title": "Obama Vetoes Keystone XL Pipeline Bill | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Obama Vetoes Keystone XL Pipeline Bill",
"datePublished": "2015-02-24T14:12:24-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:17:06-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "obama-vetoes-keystone-xl-pipeline-bill",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/27554/obama-vetoes-keystone-xl-pipeline-bill",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27556\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Keystone-XL-e1424815265118-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27556\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Keystone-XL-e1424815265118-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Environmental activists inflate a long balloon to mock a pipeline during a demonstration in front of the White House in Washington, DC, on February 3, 2014 to protest against the Keystone pipeline project. (Jewel Samad /AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Environmental activists inflate a long balloon to mock a pipeline during a demonstration in front of the White House in Washington, DC, on February 3, 2014 to protest against the Keystone pipeline project. (Jewel Samad /AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By Krishnadev Calamur\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/24/388738159/obama-to-veto-keystone-xl-pipeline-today-without-drama-or-fanfare-or-delay\">\u003cstrong>NPR\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has notified the Senate that President Obama has, as promised, vetoed congressional legislation to fast-track approval of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/140086821/keystone-xl-pipeline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keystone XL pipeline\u003c/a> project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Through this bill, the United States Congress attempts to circumvent longstanding and proven processes for determining whether or not building and operating a cross-border pipeline serves the national interest,” Obama said in the notification to the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. State Department has been reviewing the pipeline for more than six years, working to determine whether it is in the national interest. Congressional Republicans want to circumvent that process and grant a permit immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said the Senate will vote no later than March 3 to override Obama’s veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans would need a two-thirds majority in each chamber to override Obama’s veto. They do not appear to have enough votes to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists both applauded the veto and urged further action. California financier and climate activist Tom Steyer urged Keystone opponents to press Obama to formally “reject TransCanada’s application to build the Keystone XL pipeline.” Today’s veto affects only the bill to force immediate approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/24/388738159/obama-to-veto-keystone-xl-pipeline-today-without-drama-or-fanfare-or-delay\">Read more\u003c/a> at NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27554/obama-vetoes-keystone-xl-pipeline-bill",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_27556",
"label": "science"
},
"science_27379": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27379",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27379",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424700006000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424700006,
"format": "aside",
"title": "A Visit to Apple’s Secret New Headquarters",
"headTitle": "A Visit to Apple’s Secret New Headquarters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/02/20150226Appleupdated.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27383\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple3-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27383\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple3-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"(Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main building will be a concrete and glass ring a mile in circumference. “Everything in the building is designed to accommodate these curves,” says Dan Whisenhunt, the company’s Vice President of Real Estate and Development. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The world’s largest Apple product is taking shape in Cupertino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is just one of several huge tech companies in the Bay Area building corporate campuses this year. But its project is perhaps the most secretive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when I asked for a tour, I didn’t expect to get one. Other reporters told me the company rarely talks to the press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Apple’s press team seemed to like the idea of talking about the green innovations in their new building, especially if the story would have presence on NPR. We proposed that angle for its connections to science. A tour was granted and on a sunny day in February, I found myself squeezed into an Apple Jeep with Dan Whisenhunt, the company’s VP of Real Estate and Development, and Lisa Jackson, who was appointed by President Obama to head the Environmental Protection Agency, and left in 2013 to become Apple’s VP of Environmental Initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our first stop was a scale model of the new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple9-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple9-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"(Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A scale model of the site shows the building set in a wooded landscape. The company contracted with an arborist to raise more than 6,000 trees offsite, which will later be transplanted to the campus. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Known as “the spaceship” – or, if you prefer, the “donut” – the building will be a glass and concrete ring, a mile in circumference, surrounded by trees and rolling hills. Much of the new building will be sculpted from the remains of the former Hewlett Packard campus that used to be on site. Fifteen thousand people will work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Apple CEO Steve Jobs oversaw plans for the campus. In 2011, six months before his death, Jobs appeared before the Cupertino City Council to win support for the project and show the city what it might expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Apple has grown like a weed,” he told the council. The company needed to build a new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can’t, then we have to go somewhere like Mountain View,” Jobs told the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d take our current people with us. We’d give up, and over years sell the land here and the largest tax base would go away. That wouldn’t be good for Cupertino and it wouldn’t be good for us either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27509\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 289px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Old-buildings-on-new-campus-687x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27509\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Old-buildings-on-new-campus-687x1024.jpg\" alt=\"These buildings on the former Hewlett Packard site were ground down for use in the construction of Apple's new campus.\" width=\"289\" height=\"430\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These buildings on the former Hewlett Packard site were ground down for use in the construction of Apple’s new campus.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Apple-campus.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-27453\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Apple-campus-626x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Apple campus\" width=\"296\" height=\"485\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nApple, says Rick Kitson, a city spokesman, is “unquestionably” the largest taxpayer in Cupertino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2013 economic \u003ca href=\"///Users/astanden/Downloads/Keyser%20Marston%20Report-Economic%20Impact%20of%20Apple%20in%20Cupertino%20May%202013.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a>, the city took in $8 million in net revenue from Apple between 2012-2013, 18 percent of the total city budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company projected that if they built the new campus in Cupertino, net revenue from Apple would rise to $11 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple stayed. Today, its construction site, near I-280, is shrouded in intrigue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site has become a magnet for amateur drone operators who fly over the campus on weekends, capturing sweeping aerial images of the vast construction site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/02/09/exclusive-february-aerial-tour-of-apple-incs-campus-2-shows-spaceship-ring-rising-theater-progress-more\">Some videos\u003c/a> have pounding techno soundtracks over captions like “the fourth floor of the parking garage is almost complete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Dan Whisenhunt whether he’d watched them. He said he had, and that as long as the drones stayed off Apple’s property, it was the operators’ right to fly them. He didn’t sound enthusiastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing wrong with sharing progress along the way,” he said. “But if it were our preference we’d like to share it in phases that are meaningful to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 5184px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/IMG_01861.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27390\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/IMG_01861.jpg\" alt=\"(Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of the building will include curved glass panels, each 46 feet long by 10 feet tall. “The largest type of structural glass that exists out there,” says Whisenhunt. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jackson and Whisenhunt were eager to talk about the campus’ many green features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two, four-story parking garages will carry a layer of rooftop solar panels, Whisenhunt explained. Jackson told me the campus will be powered mostly by electricity generated from solar panels onsite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a related endeavor, Apple CEO Tim Cook recently announced plans to build a nearly $850 million solar farm in Monterey County. That farm will produce enough electricity to offset the company’s 52 California stores, as well as its data centers and offices, Apple says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the new headquarters in Cupertino, toilets, cooling towers and landscape irrigation systems will use recycled water imported from municipal wastewater treatment centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Smaller-Apple-comparison-Campus-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27681\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Smaller-Apple-comparison-Campus-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"300\" height=\"353\">\u003c/a>Adjustable louvers on the exterior walls will control air flow through the building, says Jackson, so that employees will rarely need heat or air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the on-site concrete plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whisenhunt says 95 percent of the old site – including HP buildings, sidewalks and other features, is being recycled onsite rather than trucked to a landfill. That material is being ground down and used to construct the large concrete pieces that serve as a frame for the new circular building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It keeps all the cement trucks within the bounds of this site and off the road,” said Whisenhunt. “So it’s another innovation in construction that we’re proud of on this site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s the budget for this project? Whisenhunt smiled. “We have one,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About eighty percent of the new site will be open space, much of it forested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing in front of the scale model, Jackson remarked that while the building itself was beautiful, most striking to her were the thousands of trees that would eventually grow onsite, including some 6,000 mature trees that the company has been raising offsite and will eventually transplant to the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be, she said “almost like a forest of our own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked Jackson asked how much of that open space would be open to the public, Apple’s media hander signaled her not to answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I rephrased the question. Whisenhunt replied that the campus will be surrounded by a fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campus will have a visitors’ center, the handler informed me later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have called the building insular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison Arieff, an architecture critic for the New York Times, says there’s more to sustainability than solar panels and recycled water. It’s about engaging the community too. “They’ve definitely taken the approach of building as object, with not so much interest in anything else that’s happening apart from that object,” says Arieff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27384\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 602px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple6-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27384\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple6-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"apple6\" width=\"602\" height=\"401\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The campus includes a theatre for company events. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Critics have also asked why the company didn’t consider putting its campus into a downtown, such as San Jose’s, where it could revitalize underused areas and provide easier commute options for employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 70 percent of Apple’s employees commute by car, alone, says Whisenhunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t an office building,” Jackson says. “This is an R&D facility. Think of a national lab. Think of NASA. That’s the level of work that’s happening here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new campus is expected to open in late 2016.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1311,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 41
},
"modified": 1704932234,
"excerpt": "From the dust of the former Hewlett Packard campus in Cupertino, a glass and concrete ring is taking shape. Apple is building a new headquarters, and it's going to be bigger than the Pentagon. KQED got a tour and a look at the campus' green features. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "From the dust of the former Hewlett Packard campus in Cupertino, a glass and concrete ring is taking shape. Apple is building a new headquarters, and it's going to be bigger than the Pentagon. KQED got a tour and a look at the campus' green features. ",
"title": "A Visit to Apple’s Secret New Headquarters | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "A Visit to Apple’s Secret New Headquarters",
"datePublished": "2015-02-23T06:00:06-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:17:14-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "a-visit-to-apples-secret-new-headquarters",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/02/20150226Appleupdated.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/27379/a-visit-to-apples-secret-new-headquarters",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/02/20150226Appleupdated.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27383\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple3-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27383\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple3-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"(Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main building will be a concrete and glass ring a mile in circumference. “Everything in the building is designed to accommodate these curves,” says Dan Whisenhunt, the company’s Vice President of Real Estate and Development. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The world’s largest Apple product is taking shape in Cupertino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is just one of several huge tech companies in the Bay Area building corporate campuses this year. But its project is perhaps the most secretive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when I asked for a tour, I didn’t expect to get one. Other reporters told me the company rarely talks to the press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Apple’s press team seemed to like the idea of talking about the green innovations in their new building, especially if the story would have presence on NPR. We proposed that angle for its connections to science. A tour was granted and on a sunny day in February, I found myself squeezed into an Apple Jeep with Dan Whisenhunt, the company’s VP of Real Estate and Development, and Lisa Jackson, who was appointed by President Obama to head the Environmental Protection Agency, and left in 2013 to become Apple’s VP of Environmental Initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our first stop was a scale model of the new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple9-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple9-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"(Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A scale model of the site shows the building set in a wooded landscape. The company contracted with an arborist to raise more than 6,000 trees offsite, which will later be transplanted to the campus. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Known as “the spaceship” – or, if you prefer, the “donut” – the building will be a glass and concrete ring, a mile in circumference, surrounded by trees and rolling hills. Much of the new building will be sculpted from the remains of the former Hewlett Packard campus that used to be on site. Fifteen thousand people will work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Apple CEO Steve Jobs oversaw plans for the campus. In 2011, six months before his death, Jobs appeared before the Cupertino City Council to win support for the project and show the city what it might expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Apple has grown like a weed,” he told the council. The company needed to build a new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can’t, then we have to go somewhere like Mountain View,” Jobs told the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d take our current people with us. We’d give up, and over years sell the land here and the largest tax base would go away. That wouldn’t be good for Cupertino and it wouldn’t be good for us either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27509\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 289px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Old-buildings-on-new-campus-687x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27509\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Old-buildings-on-new-campus-687x1024.jpg\" alt=\"These buildings on the former Hewlett Packard site were ground down for use in the construction of Apple's new campus.\" width=\"289\" height=\"430\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These buildings on the former Hewlett Packard site were ground down for use in the construction of Apple’s new campus.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Apple-campus.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-27453\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Apple-campus-626x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Apple campus\" width=\"296\" height=\"485\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nApple, says Rick Kitson, a city spokesman, is “unquestionably” the largest taxpayer in Cupertino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2013 economic \u003ca href=\"///Users/astanden/Downloads/Keyser%20Marston%20Report-Economic%20Impact%20of%20Apple%20in%20Cupertino%20May%202013.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a>, the city took in $8 million in net revenue from Apple between 2012-2013, 18 percent of the total city budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company projected that if they built the new campus in Cupertino, net revenue from Apple would rise to $11 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple stayed. Today, its construction site, near I-280, is shrouded in intrigue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site has become a magnet for amateur drone operators who fly over the campus on weekends, capturing sweeping aerial images of the vast construction site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/02/09/exclusive-february-aerial-tour-of-apple-incs-campus-2-shows-spaceship-ring-rising-theater-progress-more\">Some videos\u003c/a> have pounding techno soundtracks over captions like “the fourth floor of the parking garage is almost complete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Dan Whisenhunt whether he’d watched them. He said he had, and that as long as the drones stayed off Apple’s property, it was the operators’ right to fly them. He didn’t sound enthusiastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing wrong with sharing progress along the way,” he said. “But if it were our preference we’d like to share it in phases that are meaningful to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 5184px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/IMG_01861.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27390\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/IMG_01861.jpg\" alt=\"(Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of the building will include curved glass panels, each 46 feet long by 10 feet tall. “The largest type of structural glass that exists out there,” says Whisenhunt. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jackson and Whisenhunt were eager to talk about the campus’ many green features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two, four-story parking garages will carry a layer of rooftop solar panels, Whisenhunt explained. Jackson told me the campus will be powered mostly by electricity generated from solar panels onsite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a related endeavor, Apple CEO Tim Cook recently announced plans to build a nearly $850 million solar farm in Monterey County. That farm will produce enough electricity to offset the company’s 52 California stores, as well as its data centers and offices, Apple says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the new headquarters in Cupertino, toilets, cooling towers and landscape irrigation systems will use recycled water imported from municipal wastewater treatment centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Smaller-Apple-comparison-Campus-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27681\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Smaller-Apple-comparison-Campus-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"300\" height=\"353\">\u003c/a>Adjustable louvers on the exterior walls will control air flow through the building, says Jackson, so that employees will rarely need heat or air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the on-site concrete plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whisenhunt says 95 percent of the old site – including HP buildings, sidewalks and other features, is being recycled onsite rather than trucked to a landfill. That material is being ground down and used to construct the large concrete pieces that serve as a frame for the new circular building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It keeps all the cement trucks within the bounds of this site and off the road,” said Whisenhunt. “So it’s another innovation in construction that we’re proud of on this site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s the budget for this project? Whisenhunt smiled. “We have one,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About eighty percent of the new site will be open space, much of it forested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing in front of the scale model, Jackson remarked that while the building itself was beautiful, most striking to her were the thousands of trees that would eventually grow onsite, including some 6,000 mature trees that the company has been raising offsite and will eventually transplant to the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be, she said “almost like a forest of our own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked Jackson asked how much of that open space would be open to the public, Apple’s media hander signaled her not to answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I rephrased the question. Whisenhunt replied that the campus will be surrounded by a fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campus will have a visitors’ center, the handler informed me later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have called the building insular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison Arieff, an architecture critic for the New York Times, says there’s more to sustainability than solar panels and recycled water. It’s about engaging the community too. “They’ve definitely taken the approach of building as object, with not so much interest in anything else that’s happening apart from that object,” says Arieff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27384\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 602px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple6-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27384\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/apple6-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"apple6\" width=\"602\" height=\"401\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The campus includes a theatre for company events. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Critics have also asked why the company didn’t consider putting its campus into a downtown, such as San Jose’s, where it could revitalize underused areas and provide easier commute options for employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 70 percent of Apple’s employees commute by car, alone, says Whisenhunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t an office building,” Jackson says. “This is an R&D facility. Think of a national lab. Think of NASA. That’s the level of work that’s happening here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new campus is expected to open in late 2016.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27379/a-visit-to-apples-secret-new-headquarters",
"authors": [
"210"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_652",
"science_138"
],
"featImg": "science_27383",
"label": "science"
},
"science_27226": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27226",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27226",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424095229000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424095229,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Does California Need More National Monuments?",
"headTitle": "Does California Need More National Monuments? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/02/20150216science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27239\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Kahn-Coast-Dairies-e1423789019337-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27239 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Kahn-Coast-Dairies-e1423789019337-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Conservationists are hoping to set aside nearly 6,000 acres for a Santa Cruz Redwoods National Monument.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conservationists are hoping to set aside nearly 6,000 acres for a Santa Cruz Redwoods National Monument. (Mike Kahn/Sempervirens Fund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This month, Congressman Mike Thompson (D-St. Helena) introduced — for at least the third time — a bill to set aside more than 350,000 acres north of the Bay Area as California’s newest national monument. Only this time, the footprint of the proposed Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Monument is minus Lake Berryessa, the man-made reservoir northeast of Napa which \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/another-try-for-californias-second-national-conservation-area/\">opponents say doesn’t merit special protections\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, environmentalists in California are pressing President Obama to use his own authority to protect hundreds of thousands of acres of federal lands from development by designating them as new national monuments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been a burst of activity on this front lately, with nearly 350,000 acres recently set aside for the new \u003ca title=\"USFS - SGMNM\" href=\"http://www.fs.fed.us/visit/san-gabriel-mountains-national-monument\">San Gabriel Mountains National Monument\u003c/a> and stretches of the north coast recently added to the eclectic string of oceanside features known collectively as the \u003ca title=\"BLM - CCNM\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/content/ca/en/prog/blm_special_areas/nm/ccnm.html\">California Coastal National Monument\u003c/a>. While some of California’s 13 national monuments date back more than a century (see map), four were either established or expanded in the past four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/National-Monuments-map1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27265\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/National-Monuments-map1-833x1024.jpg\" alt=\"National Monuments map\" width=\"388\" height=\"478\">\u003c/a>This month, former Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt was in Santa Cruz, stumping for a \u003ca title=\"SJ Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_27300683/new-national-monument-proposed-santa-cruz-coast\">new monument there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push for the Berryessa-Snow Mountain lands is \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/future-of-berryessa-snow-mountain-lands-in-limbo/\">proceeding on dual tracks\u003c/a>, seeking both presidential and congressional approval, whichever comes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, national monuments are established by executive order. Over the years, these designations have been both celebrated — and decried as an overreach of presidential authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as this year, Senator Steve Daines (R-Montana) introduced an \u003ca title=\"Daines - Antiquities Act\" href=\"http://www.daines.senate.gov/content/daines-efforts-stop-unilateral-monument-designations-draws-majority-support\">amendment to limit\u003c/a> “unilateral” monument designations under the Antiquities Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But public lands expert \u003ca title=\"UC Hastings - Leshy\" href=\"http://www.uchastings.edu/academics/faculty/facultybios/leshy/index.php\">John Leshy\u003c/a> says most presidential designations have withstood the test of time, and have often been affirmed or expanded by Congress, after initial objections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leshy is the Distinguished Professor of Real Property Law at the University of California’s Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco. He was also the Interior Department’s top lawyer under President Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In the interview (click on the audio player above):\u003c/strong> Leshy clears up the difference between a national park and national monument, and talks about how history has judged the 1906 law that established presidential discretion over new national monuments.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 415,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1704932269,
"excerpt": "Despite initial objections, most national monuments have withstood the test of time. We get some perspective from a leading authority on public lands law.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Despite initial objections, most national monuments have withstood the test of time. We get some perspective from a leading authority on public lands law.",
"title": "Does California Need More National Monuments? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Does California Need More National Monuments?",
"datePublished": "2015-02-16T06:00:29-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:17:49-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "does-california-need-more-national-monuments",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/02/20150216science.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/27226/does-california-need-more-national-monuments",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/02/20150216science.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27239\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Kahn-Coast-Dairies-e1423789019337-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27239 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Kahn-Coast-Dairies-e1423789019337-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Conservationists are hoping to set aside nearly 6,000 acres for a Santa Cruz Redwoods National Monument.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conservationists are hoping to set aside nearly 6,000 acres for a Santa Cruz Redwoods National Monument. (Mike Kahn/Sempervirens Fund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This month, Congressman Mike Thompson (D-St. Helena) introduced — for at least the third time — a bill to set aside more than 350,000 acres north of the Bay Area as California’s newest national monument. Only this time, the footprint of the proposed Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Monument is minus Lake Berryessa, the man-made reservoir northeast of Napa which \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/another-try-for-californias-second-national-conservation-area/\">opponents say doesn’t merit special protections\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, environmentalists in California are pressing President Obama to use his own authority to protect hundreds of thousands of acres of federal lands from development by designating them as new national monuments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been a burst of activity on this front lately, with nearly 350,000 acres recently set aside for the new \u003ca title=\"USFS - SGMNM\" href=\"http://www.fs.fed.us/visit/san-gabriel-mountains-national-monument\">San Gabriel Mountains National Monument\u003c/a> and stretches of the north coast recently added to the eclectic string of oceanside features known collectively as the \u003ca title=\"BLM - CCNM\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/content/ca/en/prog/blm_special_areas/nm/ccnm.html\">California Coastal National Monument\u003c/a>. While some of California’s 13 national monuments date back more than a century (see map), four were either established or expanded in the past four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/National-Monuments-map1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27265\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/National-Monuments-map1-833x1024.jpg\" alt=\"National Monuments map\" width=\"388\" height=\"478\">\u003c/a>This month, former Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt was in Santa Cruz, stumping for a \u003ca title=\"SJ Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_27300683/new-national-monument-proposed-santa-cruz-coast\">new monument there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push for the Berryessa-Snow Mountain lands is \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/future-of-berryessa-snow-mountain-lands-in-limbo/\">proceeding on dual tracks\u003c/a>, seeking both presidential and congressional approval, whichever comes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, national monuments are established by executive order. Over the years, these designations have been both celebrated — and decried as an overreach of presidential authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as this year, Senator Steve Daines (R-Montana) introduced an \u003ca title=\"Daines - Antiquities Act\" href=\"http://www.daines.senate.gov/content/daines-efforts-stop-unilateral-monument-designations-draws-majority-support\">amendment to limit\u003c/a> “unilateral” monument designations under the Antiquities Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But public lands expert \u003ca title=\"UC Hastings - Leshy\" href=\"http://www.uchastings.edu/academics/faculty/facultybios/leshy/index.php\">John Leshy\u003c/a> says most presidential designations have withstood the test of time, and have often been affirmed or expanded by Congress, after initial objections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leshy is the Distinguished Professor of Real Property Law at the University of California’s Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco. He was also the Interior Department’s top lawyer under President Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In the interview (click on the audio player above):\u003c/strong> Leshy clears up the difference between a national park and national monument, and talks about how history has judged the 1906 law that established presidential discretion over new national monuments.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27226/does-california-need-more-national-monuments",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_205",
"science_2166",
"science_2170"
],
"featImg": "science_27239",
"label": "science"
},
"science_27168": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27168",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27168",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1423614500000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1423614500,
"format": "aside",
"title": "State Proposes Rules to Protect Drinking Water From Fracking Waste",
"headTitle": "State Proposes Rules to Protect Drinking Water From Fracking Waste | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/fracking-photo-e1423612950444-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27177 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/fracking-photo-e1423612950444-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A pump jack and hydraulic fracturing tanks next to a farm over the Monterey Shale formation where a majority of fracking in California takes place. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pump jack and hydraulic fracturing tanks next to a farm in Lost Hills, Calif. (David McNew/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California officials have outlined a plan to make sure oil companies don’t contaminate aquifers where the water is clean enough to drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules proposal was drafted under pressure, amid a federal deadline and reports that, for years, state regulators gave oil companies permission to inject wastewater into aquifers that were supposed to be protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every barrel of petroleum that oil companies bring up, they get several more barrels of wastewater, which can be tainted with salt and chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California, the country’s third-largest oil producer, this adds up to billions of gallons of wastewater each year, the bulk of which is simply injected back underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/State-let-oil-companies-taint-drinkable-water-in-6054242.php\">recent reports\u003c/a> say \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/business/article9345830.html\">in more than 2,500 cases\u003c/a>, state officials gave permission for oil companies to inject wastewater into aquifers protected under the federal \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/index.cfm\">Safe Drinking Water Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a fourth year of drought looming, more people and farms in California are relying on water pumped from underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules could affect everything from how injection wells are built to monitoring requirements.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 203,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1704932286,
"excerpt": "Under pressure from a federal deadline and amid news reports that state regulators allowed oil companies to inject wastewater into aquifers clean enough to drink from, officials outlined plans for new safeguards.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Under pressure from a federal deadline and amid news reports that state regulators allowed oil companies to inject wastewater into aquifers clean enough to drink from, officials outlined plans for new safeguards.",
"title": "State Proposes Rules to Protect Drinking Water From Fracking Waste | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "State Proposes Rules to Protect Drinking Water From Fracking Waste",
"datePublished": "2015-02-10T16:28:20-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:18:06-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "state-proposes-rules-to-protect-drinking-water-from-fracking-waste",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/27168/state-proposes-rules-to-protect-drinking-water-from-fracking-waste",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/fracking-photo-e1423612950444-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27177 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/fracking-photo-e1423612950444-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A pump jack and hydraulic fracturing tanks next to a farm over the Monterey Shale formation where a majority of fracking in California takes place. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pump jack and hydraulic fracturing tanks next to a farm in Lost Hills, Calif. (David McNew/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California officials have outlined a plan to make sure oil companies don’t contaminate aquifers where the water is clean enough to drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules proposal was drafted under pressure, amid a federal deadline and reports that, for years, state regulators gave oil companies permission to inject wastewater into aquifers that were supposed to be protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every barrel of petroleum that oil companies bring up, they get several more barrels of wastewater, which can be tainted with salt and chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California, the country’s third-largest oil producer, this adds up to billions of gallons of wastewater each year, the bulk of which is simply injected back underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/State-let-oil-companies-taint-drinkable-water-in-6054242.php\">recent reports\u003c/a> say \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/business/article9345830.html\">in more than 2,500 cases\u003c/a>, state officials gave permission for oil companies to inject wastewater into aquifers protected under the federal \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/index.cfm\">Safe Drinking Water Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a fourth year of drought looming, more people and farms in California are relying on water pumped from underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules could affect everything from how injection wells are built to monitoring requirements.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27168/state-proposes-rules-to-protect-drinking-water-from-fracking-waste",
"authors": [
"6609"
],
"categories": [
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_38",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_429",
"science_955"
],
"label": "science"
},
"science_27145": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27145",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27145",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1423587304000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1423587304,
"format": "aside",
"title": "What a Narcoleptic Dog Can Teach Us About Sleep",
"headTitle": "What a Narcoleptic Dog Can Teach Us About Sleep | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27148\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson-e1423551319547-1024x573.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27148\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson-e1423551319547-1024x573.jpg\" alt=\"(Courtesy Emmanuel Mignot)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"573\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University professor Emmanuel Mignot adopted Watson from Vermont soon after his previous narcoleptic dog Bear passed away. (Courtesy Emmanuel Mignot)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Emmanuel Mignot’s new Chihuahua, Watson, is small enough to fit in a handbag, somewhat skittish around strangers and utterly vanquished by a slice of lamb chop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I spoke to Mignot on the phone, he held the receiver next to Watson so I could hear for myself. The two of them had been snuggling on Mignot’s leather sofa when I asked what it would take to hear Watson’s narcolepsy in action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mignot produced a lamb chop from his refrigerator and offered his pet a bite. I pressed my ear into the phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Parts of this interview aired on the California Report. Listen \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201503020850/c\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that a narcoleptic Chihuahua doesn’t make a whole lot of noise as it crumples to a cataplexic puddle on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a narcoleptic dog, Mignot is the owner you want. As director of Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"http://sleep.stanford.edu/\">Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine\u003c/a>, founded by the legendary sleep researcher William Dement, Mignot helped oversee the country’s first and largest pack of narcolepsy research dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dogs – about 80 of them at the program’s peak – were mostly Dobermans and Labradors, collected over the years mostly via word-of-mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Narcolepsy in dogs is vanishingly rare. Mignot estimates that about one in a million dogs have the disease compared to one in 2,000 humans. In 1999, Mignot \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/1999/august11/narcolepsy-811.html\">identified\u003c/a> the genetic cause of canine narcolepsy: a mutation that blocks a response to hypocretin, a brain chemical that keeps us awake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27149\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 416px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson_2-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27149\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson_2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"(Becky Bach)\" width=\"416\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Watson has a form of narcolepsy that has one of two causes and becomes apparent when he’s overly excited and then collapses. (Becky Bach)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Mignot and others believe another, “sporadic” form of narcolpesy may be caused by an immune reaction, perhaps to the flu. He believes dogs may experience this type as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mignot, who was born in France, cooed French reassurances to his new companion, Watson sprang back into action, attacking the lamb chop that had been his undoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mignot told me he hopes that narcoleptic dog research – dormant for the last decade or so – might have its own revival to answer new questions about sleep disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you find Watson?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I received an email from a veterinarian in Vermont, telling me they had a dog with narcolepsy. In this case, [an owner], seeing that the dog was collapsing and falling asleep all the time, didn’t want to keep him. So he had returned the dog to the breeder, who took it to the vet. They didn’t really know what to do with the dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was good timing. You probably know that I had another dog with narcolepsy before, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/17/stanford-sleep-researcher-mourns-the-loss-of-narcoleptic-dog/\">Bear\u003c/a>, and he just passed away. So it was almost like a reincarnation of Bear!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took the plane [to Vermont] and I brought him back. And I have to say he’s really adorable. I would have never thought I’d get a Chihuahua. He’s a crazy little spring on four legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Except when he’s asleep, that is…\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes he’s definitely sleepier than other dogs. There are times when you see he really needs to take a nap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s very cute. You see him fading, like “Oof, I fall asleep” and he kind of crumples, you know? Then he lifts his head again, like he nods, trying to stay awake. And he looks at you with his eyes half closed and you have the feeling like he’s telling you “I love you,” but in fact he’s falling asleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘He doesn’t fall from very high – I mean, he’s a Chihuahua.’\u003ccite>–Emmanuel MignotStanford University professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Falling asleep a lot is one aspect of narcolepsy. But another symptom is cataplexy, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. When Watson gets excited sometimes he becomes completely paralyzed. That happens with good food, but it has to be really good food, like a piece of chicken, or filet mignon. He gets excited and then –boom! — he’s paralyzed. Sometimes it’s just the back legs and he stumbles. Or sometimes he falls on the floor and can’t move for a few seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In humans [who have narcolepsy] it can happen when patients are laughing or joking, but with dogs it’s anything that he’s very happy about. For example it’s not uncommon that [I come home from work and] he’s running around, so happy to see me and then – boom! — he collapses and he can’t move for a few seconds or minutes. That’s called cataplexy. It’s a symptom that’s classic of narcolepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like going on the beach. We often go to the beach and he runs around and loves to run around and very often, when he’s too happy – poof! – he collapses on the sand. And he’s paralyzed for a few seconds to a minute sometimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You make this cataplexy sound cute and charming. But is it painful for him, or stressful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I don’t think it bothers him. He doesn’t fall from very high – I mean, he’s a Chihuahua. So he doesn’t really hurt himself. When he’s down, you can sense sometimes there’s frustration, like his nose is in front of a piece of food, and he’s trying to fight it. But it lasts for only a few seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best cure is to have him well rested. He has a normal life. It’s not severe enough that he needs to be treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Narcolepsy is a lot more stressful for people than for dogs, sounds like.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With humans, if you can nap at any time the disease is much less severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know a few patients who don’t get treated and have special lifestyle where they wake up, work for an hour and a half or so, then take a nap for a half an hour, work a bit more, and so on. If you can live like this, you can almost have a normal life. But in our society it’s usually impossible. That’s why narcolepsy is a terrible disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> [contextly_sidebar id=”xl2mSAc2xg8ykuvm03gR2Vadm631697Y”]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford no longer maintains a pack of narcoleptic dogs for research purposes. Is there anything you can still learn from Watson?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there’s still a mystery around narcolepsy that we have not solved. I mean thanks to the dogs, we found the cause of narcolepsy was this lack of this chemical in the brain, called hypocretin – a chemical produced by cells in the brain. When it’s not there you have narcolepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And sometimes this happens because of a genetic mutation. But other times it’s spontaneous?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we think that in these cases, it’s an immune disease, triggered by the flu. People develop a reaction to the flu that is abnormal and instead of just fighting flu they kind of confuse the flu with the cell that produced this chemical, hypocretin, and destroy it. Then you have narcolepsy. But we still don’t understand this process very well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the dogs we have probably developed narcolepsy the same way. I wouldn’t be surprised if we discover something new again that helps us understand how the immune system is killing the hypocretin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Watson, I don’t know if it’s the genetic form with the mutation, or if it’s the sporadic kind. I have blood samples from all the dogs who were in the colony. It’ll be interesting to sequence all these dogs that have sporadic form and see if we can find something else that will eliminate the human disease.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1401,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 37
},
"modified": 1704932288,
"excerpt": "Stanford retired its famed pack of narcoleptic research dogs almost a decade ago. But one researcher says there's more to be learned from a sleepy Chihuahua puppy who goes limp at the sight of a good snack. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Stanford retired its famed pack of narcoleptic research dogs almost a decade ago. But one researcher says there's more to be learned from a sleepy Chihuahua puppy who goes limp at the sight of a good snack. ",
"title": "What a Narcoleptic Dog Can Teach Us About Sleep | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What a Narcoleptic Dog Can Teach Us About Sleep",
"datePublished": "2015-02-10T08:55:04-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:18:08-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-a-narcoleptic-dog-can-teach-us-about-sleep",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/27145/what-a-narcoleptic-dog-can-teach-us-about-sleep",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27148\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson-e1423551319547-1024x573.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27148\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson-e1423551319547-1024x573.jpg\" alt=\"(Courtesy Emmanuel Mignot)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"573\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University professor Emmanuel Mignot adopted Watson from Vermont soon after his previous narcoleptic dog Bear passed away. (Courtesy Emmanuel Mignot)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Emmanuel Mignot’s new Chihuahua, Watson, is small enough to fit in a handbag, somewhat skittish around strangers and utterly vanquished by a slice of lamb chop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I spoke to Mignot on the phone, he held the receiver next to Watson so I could hear for myself. The two of them had been snuggling on Mignot’s leather sofa when I asked what it would take to hear Watson’s narcolepsy in action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mignot produced a lamb chop from his refrigerator and offered his pet a bite. I pressed my ear into the phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Parts of this interview aired on the California Report. Listen \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201503020850/c\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that a narcoleptic Chihuahua doesn’t make a whole lot of noise as it crumples to a cataplexic puddle on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a narcoleptic dog, Mignot is the owner you want. As director of Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"http://sleep.stanford.edu/\">Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine\u003c/a>, founded by the legendary sleep researcher William Dement, Mignot helped oversee the country’s first and largest pack of narcolepsy research dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dogs – about 80 of them at the program’s peak – were mostly Dobermans and Labradors, collected over the years mostly via word-of-mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Narcolepsy in dogs is vanishingly rare. Mignot estimates that about one in a million dogs have the disease compared to one in 2,000 humans. In 1999, Mignot \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/1999/august11/narcolepsy-811.html\">identified\u003c/a> the genetic cause of canine narcolepsy: a mutation that blocks a response to hypocretin, a brain chemical that keeps us awake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27149\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 416px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson_2-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27149\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Watson_2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"(Becky Bach)\" width=\"416\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Watson has a form of narcolepsy that has one of two causes and becomes apparent when he’s overly excited and then collapses. (Becky Bach)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Mignot and others believe another, “sporadic” form of narcolpesy may be caused by an immune reaction, perhaps to the flu. He believes dogs may experience this type as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mignot, who was born in France, cooed French reassurances to his new companion, Watson sprang back into action, attacking the lamb chop that had been his undoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mignot told me he hopes that narcoleptic dog research – dormant for the last decade or so – might have its own revival to answer new questions about sleep disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you find Watson?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I received an email from a veterinarian in Vermont, telling me they had a dog with narcolepsy. In this case, [an owner], seeing that the dog was collapsing and falling asleep all the time, didn’t want to keep him. So he had returned the dog to the breeder, who took it to the vet. They didn’t really know what to do with the dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was good timing. You probably know that I had another dog with narcolepsy before, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/17/stanford-sleep-researcher-mourns-the-loss-of-narcoleptic-dog/\">Bear\u003c/a>, and he just passed away. So it was almost like a reincarnation of Bear!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took the plane [to Vermont] and I brought him back. And I have to say he’s really adorable. I would have never thought I’d get a Chihuahua. He’s a crazy little spring on four legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Except when he’s asleep, that is…\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes he’s definitely sleepier than other dogs. There are times when you see he really needs to take a nap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s very cute. You see him fading, like “Oof, I fall asleep” and he kind of crumples, you know? Then he lifts his head again, like he nods, trying to stay awake. And he looks at you with his eyes half closed and you have the feeling like he’s telling you “I love you,” but in fact he’s falling asleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘He doesn’t fall from very high – I mean, he’s a Chihuahua.’\u003ccite>–Emmanuel MignotStanford University professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Falling asleep a lot is one aspect of narcolepsy. But another symptom is cataplexy, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. When Watson gets excited sometimes he becomes completely paralyzed. That happens with good food, but it has to be really good food, like a piece of chicken, or filet mignon. He gets excited and then –boom! — he’s paralyzed. Sometimes it’s just the back legs and he stumbles. Or sometimes he falls on the floor and can’t move for a few seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In humans [who have narcolepsy] it can happen when patients are laughing or joking, but with dogs it’s anything that he’s very happy about. For example it’s not uncommon that [I come home from work and] he’s running around, so happy to see me and then – boom! — he collapses and he can’t move for a few seconds or minutes. That’s called cataplexy. It’s a symptom that’s classic of narcolepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like going on the beach. We often go to the beach and he runs around and loves to run around and very often, when he’s too happy – poof! – he collapses on the sand. And he’s paralyzed for a few seconds to a minute sometimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You make this cataplexy sound cute and charming. But is it painful for him, or stressful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I don’t think it bothers him. He doesn’t fall from very high – I mean, he’s a Chihuahua. So he doesn’t really hurt himself. When he’s down, you can sense sometimes there’s frustration, like his nose is in front of a piece of food, and he’s trying to fight it. But it lasts for only a few seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best cure is to have him well rested. He has a normal life. It’s not severe enough that he needs to be treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Narcolepsy is a lot more stressful for people than for dogs, sounds like.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With humans, if you can nap at any time the disease is much less severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know a few patients who don’t get treated and have special lifestyle where they wake up, work for an hour and a half or so, then take a nap for a half an hour, work a bit more, and so on. If you can live like this, you can almost have a normal life. But in our society it’s usually impossible. That’s why narcolepsy is a terrible disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford no longer maintains a pack of narcoleptic dogs for research purposes. Is there anything you can still learn from Watson?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there’s still a mystery around narcolepsy that we have not solved. I mean thanks to the dogs, we found the cause of narcolepsy was this lack of this chemical in the brain, called hypocretin – a chemical produced by cells in the brain. When it’s not there you have narcolepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And sometimes this happens because of a genetic mutation. But other times it’s spontaneous?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we think that in these cases, it’s an immune disease, triggered by the flu. People develop a reaction to the flu that is abnormal and instead of just fighting flu they kind of confuse the flu with the cell that produced this chemical, hypocretin, and destroy it. Then you have narcolepsy. But we still don’t understand this process very well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the dogs we have probably developed narcolepsy the same way. I wouldn’t be surprised if we discover something new again that helps us understand how the immune system is killing the hypocretin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Watson, I don’t know if it’s the genetic form with the mutation, or if it’s the sporadic kind. I have blood samples from all the dogs who were in the colony. It’ll be interesting to sequence all these dogs that have sporadic form and see if we can find something else that will eliminate the human disease.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27145/what-a-narcoleptic-dog-can-teach-us-about-sleep",
"authors": [
"210"
],
"categories": [
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2266",
"science_5187"
],
"featImg": "science_27148",
"label": "science"
},
"science_27067": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27067",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27067",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1423490432000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1423490432,
"format": "audio",
"title": "Elephant Seals Battle for Love With Mating Songs and Bravado",
"headTitle": "Elephant Seals Battle for Love With Mating Songs and Bravado | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story won a national \u003ca href=\"http://rtdna.org/content/2014_national_edward_r_murrow_award_winners#.VNVTRJ3F98E\">Edward R. Murrow Award\u003c/a> in 2014 for Use of Sound. We bring it back to you as our Valentine from KQED Science. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Año Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the sultry sounds of Annie Lennox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV — fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,” says Wolfklain. “And they want to have the first right to mate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy’s coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others’ chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elepahant-Seal-numbers-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elepahant-Seal-numbers-1-420x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Elepahant Seal numbers 1\" width=\"207\" height=\"505\">\u003c/a>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite,” she says. “He always has this really lovely note at the end of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible,” Casey says. “All of the animals sound completely different from one another.” What’s more, Casey’s team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit,” says Casey, “call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals,” Casey explains. “That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.”\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elephant-seal-map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-27074\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elephant-seal-map-721x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"236\" height=\"336\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are more than 150,000 northern elephant seals — and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 920,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html"
],
"paragraphCount": 25
},
"modified": 1704932290,
"excerpt": "They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.",
"title": "Elephant Seals Battle for Love With Mating Songs and Bravado | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Elephant Seals Battle for Love With Mating Songs and Bravado",
"datePublished": "2015-02-09T06:00:32-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:18:10-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "elephant-seals-battle-for-love-with-mating-songs-and-bravado",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/02/20150209ElephantsealsScience.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"source": "KQED Science",
"path": "/science/27067/elephant-seals-battle-for-love-with-mating-songs-and-bravado",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story won a national \u003ca href=\"http://rtdna.org/content/2014_national_edward_r_murrow_award_winners#.VNVTRJ3F98E\">Edward R. Murrow Award\u003c/a> in 2014 for Use of Sound. We bring it back to you as our Valentine from KQED Science. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Año Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the sultry sounds of Annie Lennox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV — fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,” says Wolfklain. “And they want to have the first right to mate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy’s coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others’ chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elepahant-Seal-numbers-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elepahant-Seal-numbers-1-420x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Elepahant Seal numbers 1\" width=\"207\" height=\"505\">\u003c/a>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite,” she says. “He always has this really lovely note at the end of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible,” Casey says. “All of the animals sound completely different from one another.” What’s more, Casey’s team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit,” says Casey, “call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals,” Casey explains. “That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.”\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elephant-seal-map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-27074\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Elephant-seal-map-721x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"236\" height=\"336\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are more than 150,000 northern elephant seals — and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27067/elephant-seals-battle-for-love-with-mating-songs-and-bravado",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"series": [
"science_2625"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2265",
"science_727"
],
"featImg": "science_27099",
"label": "source_science_27067"
},
"science_26984": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26984",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26984",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1423181716000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1423181716,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Great Bird Goo Mystery: Why It's Not as Easy as 'CSI'",
"headTitle": "Great Bird Goo Mystery: Why It’s Not as Easy as ‘CSI’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26995\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 642px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Gail-Cho-e1423172004910-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26995\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Gail-Cho-e1423172004910-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\" width=\"642\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chemist Gail Cho is investigating the mystery goo and says it’s not as easy as putting a sample in a box and getting instant results. (California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:00 p.m., Feb. 12:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Fish and Wildlife scientists say they’ve narrowed down the possibilities of the mystery gunk to a mixture of oils and fats. They still don’t know if the substances are natural or manmade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve eliminated some of the suspect compounds including petroleum products, fuels, lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, things like that,” says state chemist David Crane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No word on how long it will take to make a final identification. Eight labs across the country are still working on the case and Crane says they’ll keep at it until they “hit a wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excited sea ducks and shorebirds leapt into the water Wednesday as the \u003ca href=\"http://bird-rescue.org/\">International Bird Rescue Center\u003c/a> released its third batch of water fowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birds started turning up San Francisco Bay in mid-January, coated in a sticky gray gunk. Three weeks later investigators are still trying to figure out what the mystery material is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not for lack of effort. State scientists, federal agencies, and a lab in Britain are all trying to identify the substance. To get a behind-the-scenes look at the forensic science involved, I drove to the state’s Fish and Wildlife lab, to find out why it’s taking so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab’s headquarters, a half-hour east of Sacramento, are completely unassuming. One paved road winds past discreetly marked stucco buildings: Petroleum Chemistry Laboratory, Water Pollution Control Laboratory, Aquatic Bioassessment Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each lab tests for different types of chemicals and once you’re inside, it’s kind of a geek’s paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’re basically trying to reconstruct a vase from a pile of powder.’\u003ccite>–Gail Cho,\u003cbr>\nChemist, California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside, various instruments click away, running simultaneous tests on the goo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look a little bit like a microwave oven but with a lot more buttons,” says chemist Gail Cho, who is showing me around, tossing out a dizzying stream of jargon. “And over here we’re standing in front of the gas mass-spec triple quad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s short for \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrometry\">gas chromatography mass spectrometry\u003c/a>. It’s a method for analyzing different substances within a test sample. The sample must be a gas and the device is able to identify trace organic compounds within the sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cho says, forget what you’ve seen on TV crime dramas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A typical ‘CSI’ show takes about 40 minutes minus the commercials,” Cho said. “A typical run for analyzing one compound like polychloride biphenyl takes almost an hour for one of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 209 \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl\">polychloride biphenyls\u003c/a>, so that’s nearly nine days just to clear all the varieties of one chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving on to another chemical could mean another nine days. After two weeks, working around the clock, you’d only have eliminated eliminate two chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27008\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/bird-release_1-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27008\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/bird-release_1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"After cleaning goo-covered birds with baking soda, vinegar and dish soap. the International Bird Rescue Center has released 101 back into the wild. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"357\" height=\"238\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After cleaning gunked birds with baking soda, vinegar and dish soap, responders have released more than 100 back into the wild.\u003cbr>(Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s the problem with an unidentified compound. Cho says investigators need some kind of starting point. Because even if they know what elements are in the compound, that’s still only marginally helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of things that have carbon and hydrogen but what is it?” says Cho. “Our bodies have that and most things in nature have that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Cho and her team can even begin the tests, they have to remove foreign matter like feathers and sand from the goo. Then they have to transform it into a liquid or gas, to run through the machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re basically trying to reconstruct a vase from a pile of powder,” says Cho. She says in her five years at the lab, she’s never seen anything like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003c/a>are also perplexed, and working on the case. After three weeks, they’ve ruled out two suspect substances.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 748,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704932308,
"excerpt": "State scientists, federal agencies, and a lab in Britain are all trying to identify a mystery gunk that killed hundreds of sea birds in San Francisco Bay. It's been three weeks, and still no word on what the gunk is. KQED investigates why it's taking so long.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "State scientists, federal agencies, and a lab in Britain are all trying to identify a mystery gunk that killed hundreds of sea birds in San Francisco Bay. It's been three weeks, and still no word on what the gunk is. KQED investigates why it's taking so long.",
"title": "Great Bird Goo Mystery: Why It's Not as Easy as 'CSI' | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Great Bird Goo Mystery: Why It's Not as Easy as 'CSI'",
"datePublished": "2015-02-05T16:15:16-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:18:28-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "great-bird-goo-mystery-why-its-not-as-easy-as-csi",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26984/great-bird-goo-mystery-why-its-not-as-easy-as-csi",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26995\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 642px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Gail-Cho-e1423172004910-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26995\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Gail-Cho-e1423172004910-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\" width=\"642\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chemist Gail Cho is investigating the mystery goo and says it’s not as easy as putting a sample in a box and getting instant results. (California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:00 p.m., Feb. 12:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Fish and Wildlife scientists say they’ve narrowed down the possibilities of the mystery gunk to a mixture of oils and fats. They still don’t know if the substances are natural or manmade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve eliminated some of the suspect compounds including petroleum products, fuels, lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, things like that,” says state chemist David Crane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No word on how long it will take to make a final identification. Eight labs across the country are still working on the case and Crane says they’ll keep at it until they “hit a wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excited sea ducks and shorebirds leapt into the water Wednesday as the \u003ca href=\"http://bird-rescue.org/\">International Bird Rescue Center\u003c/a> released its third batch of water fowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birds started turning up San Francisco Bay in mid-January, coated in a sticky gray gunk. Three weeks later investigators are still trying to figure out what the mystery material is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not for lack of effort. State scientists, federal agencies, and a lab in Britain are all trying to identify the substance. To get a behind-the-scenes look at the forensic science involved, I drove to the state’s Fish and Wildlife lab, to find out why it’s taking so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab’s headquarters, a half-hour east of Sacramento, are completely unassuming. One paved road winds past discreetly marked stucco buildings: Petroleum Chemistry Laboratory, Water Pollution Control Laboratory, Aquatic Bioassessment Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each lab tests for different types of chemicals and once you’re inside, it’s kind of a geek’s paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’re basically trying to reconstruct a vase from a pile of powder.’\u003ccite>–Gail Cho,\u003cbr>\nChemist, California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside, various instruments click away, running simultaneous tests on the goo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look a little bit like a microwave oven but with a lot more buttons,” says chemist Gail Cho, who is showing me around, tossing out a dizzying stream of jargon. “And over here we’re standing in front of the gas mass-spec triple quad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s short for \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrometry\">gas chromatography mass spectrometry\u003c/a>. It’s a method for analyzing different substances within a test sample. The sample must be a gas and the device is able to identify trace organic compounds within the sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cho says, forget what you’ve seen on TV crime dramas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A typical ‘CSI’ show takes about 40 minutes minus the commercials,” Cho said. “A typical run for analyzing one compound like polychloride biphenyl takes almost an hour for one of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 209 \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl\">polychloride biphenyls\u003c/a>, so that’s nearly nine days just to clear all the varieties of one chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving on to another chemical could mean another nine days. After two weeks, working around the clock, you’d only have eliminated eliminate two chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27008\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/bird-release_1-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27008\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/bird-release_1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"After cleaning goo-covered birds with baking soda, vinegar and dish soap. the International Bird Rescue Center has released 101 back into the wild. (Anya Schultz/KQED)\" width=\"357\" height=\"238\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After cleaning gunked birds with baking soda, vinegar and dish soap, responders have released more than 100 back into the wild.\u003cbr>(Anya Schultz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s the problem with an unidentified compound. Cho says investigators need some kind of starting point. Because even if they know what elements are in the compound, that’s still only marginally helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of things that have carbon and hydrogen but what is it?” says Cho. “Our bodies have that and most things in nature have that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Cho and her team can even begin the tests, they have to remove foreign matter like feathers and sand from the goo. Then they have to transform it into a liquid or gas, to run through the machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re basically trying to reconstruct a vase from a pile of powder,” says Cho. She says in her five years at the lab, she’s never seen anything like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003c/a>are also perplexed, and working on the case. After three weeks, they’ve ruled out two suspect substances.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26984/great-bird-goo-mystery-why-its-not-as-easy-as-csi",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_29",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2259",
"science_2209",
"science_64",
"science_5182"
],
"featImg": "science_26995",
"label": "science"
},
"science_26746": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26746",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26746",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422885647000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422885647,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Building a Better Bionic Arm by Teaching the Brain a New Signal",
"headTitle": "Building a Better Bionic Arm by Teaching the Brain a New Signal | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150130ArtificiallimbsScience.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bionic-arm-e1422650054858.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26749 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bionic-arm-e1422650054858.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Koger, a father of three from Owensboro, Kentucky, uses a pair of high-tech bionic hands. Both his arms were amputated below the elbow after an ATV accident seven years ago. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason Koger, a father of three from Owensboro, Kentucky, uses these old-style hooks, and has a pair of bionic arms. Both his arms were amputated below the elbow after an ATV accident seven years ago. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers have made dramatic improvements with artificial limbs in the last few years. Bionic hands, for example, are so dexterous they can pick up a quarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for prosthetics to move more naturally, they need both good engineering and a way to communicate with the brain. That’s something scientists at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/\">UC San Francisco\u003c/a> are working on, and their success hinges on the brain’s ability to make new connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Koger lost both his arms in an ATV accident seven years ago. A father of three from Owensboro, Kentucky, Koger doesn’t mind showing off the high-tech bionic hands he wears now. With them, he’s able to open soda cans and work gadgets that have pressure-sensitive touchscreens – but a few things are missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a three year old, a little boy,” Koger says, “and I can hold his hand, and we’re fixing to cross the street. But then all of the sudden I kind of look around and I look back and he’s not even holding my hand, and I thought he still was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just touch that’s absent. Koger has a hard time sensing where his bionic hands are when he can’t see them. Say, for example, he tries to thread a belt through the loops in the back of his blue jeans. He has to do it before putting them on. The bionic hands lack a sense called \u003ca href=\"http://io9.com/sensing-your-own-body-is-more-complicated-than-you-real-1473461740\">proprioception\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Body’s Sense of Spatial Awareness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26756\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 423px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Artifical-limbs-photo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26756\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Artifical-limbs-photo.jpg\" alt=\"Though Koger owns a pair of high-tech bionic hands, he sometimes opts for old-fashioned hooks, like when he’s planning to work outside or when he expects rain. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)\" width=\"423\" height=\"282\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Koger tosses a pitch to his daughter while wearing his hooks. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The human body has a built-in sense for where its various parts are in space, explains \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/philip.sabes\">Philip Sabes\u003c/a>, a professor and neurophysiologist at UC San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are sensors that live in your muscles, in your joints, even in your tendons,” Sabes says, “that tell your brain about where you body is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why you can touch your nose even with your eyes closed; proprioception tells you where your nose is with respect to your hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you move, proprioception gives the brain feedback, and this feedback lets you refine your movement, moment by moment. But amputees controlling a prosthetic have to do without this sense. Generally, they rely on sight instead, which isn’t as fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Visual feedback is much slower to get to the parts of the brain that control movement than proprioception is,” Sabes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabes’ research is backed by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.defense.gov/\">Department of Defense\u003c/a> research agency, \u003ca href=\"http://www.darpa.mil/default.aspx\">DARPA\u003c/a>. There are hundreds of thousands of amputees in the U.S., including some 1,500 veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sabes’ Experiment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabes is researching how an artificial limb might be able to send useful feedback to the brain of an amputee. What if the signal were artificial, he asked, could the brain figure out what it meant and put it to use?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabes began with a monkey that was trained to move his hands in response to a dot on a screen, that is, a visual signal. Then Sabes added a signal to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal went to a tiny chip, surgically implanted just inside the monkey’s skull. It delivered tiny fractions of a volt to the motor cortex — an amount of electricity so small, Sabes says, you probably wouldn’t feel it on your hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26757\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Prof-Sabes-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26757\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Prof-Sabes-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Philip Sabes is a professor and neurophysiologist at UC San Francisco, where he researches brain science and engineering in hopes of developing a better connection between man and machine. (Cindy Chew/UCSF)\" width=\"427\" height=\"284\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Philip Sabes is a professor and neurophysiologist at UC San Francisco, where he researches brain science and engineering in hopes of developing a better connection between humans and machines. (Cindy Chew/UCSF)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And so that signalled to the monkey,” Sabes says, “that maybe there was something lightly touching his arm or his elbow or his shoulder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers paired this stimulation alongside the visual signals the monkey was already used to reading. Sabes says initially, it didn’t make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over days and weeks,” he says, “we noticed that the monkey started to perform better and better when he had both cues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The monkey’s brain was incorporating the new signal — putting it to use, so he had to rely less on visual cues alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a few weeks, he was so good we actually let him do the task with just stimulation alone,” Sabes says. “So then he was able to sit in a dark room with no visual feedback, nonetheless he could reach from one target to the next to the next, because he could feel where those targets were, via the stimulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What It Means\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe results show that the primate brain, given an arbitrary kind of signal, can adapt to understand it as a kind of faux proprioception. Knowing that the brain can do this could someday lead to giving amputees a sense of where their artificial limbs are in space. Such signals could be delivered through feedback, Sabes says, via either the nerves or small implants in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how long until this kind of technology is far enough along it can help amputees control their prosthetics well enough to move like the real thing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to be bullish,” Sabes said. “Fifteen to 20 years until it’s as natural as normal movement.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 969,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 26
},
"modified": 1704932333,
"excerpt": "Even the best prosthetics today lack a natural sense that tells the brain where the body is in space. That makes it hard to comb the back of your hair, for example, or thread a belt.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Even the best prosthetics today lack a natural sense that tells the brain where the body is in space. That makes it hard to comb the back of your hair, for example, or thread a belt.",
"title": "Building a Better Bionic Arm by Teaching the Brain a New Signal | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Building a Better Bionic Arm by Teaching the Brain a New Signal",
"datePublished": "2015-02-02T06:00:47-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:18:53-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "building-a-better-bionic-arm-by-teaching-the-brain-a-new-signal",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150130ArtificiallimbsScience.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26746/building-a-better-bionic-arm-by-teaching-the-brain-a-new-signal",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150130ArtificiallimbsScience.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bionic-arm-e1422650054858.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26749 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bionic-arm-e1422650054858.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Koger, a father of three from Owensboro, Kentucky, uses a pair of high-tech bionic hands. Both his arms were amputated below the elbow after an ATV accident seven years ago. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason Koger, a father of three from Owensboro, Kentucky, uses these old-style hooks, and has a pair of bionic arms. Both his arms were amputated below the elbow after an ATV accident seven years ago. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers have made dramatic improvements with artificial limbs in the last few years. Bionic hands, for example, are so dexterous they can pick up a quarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for prosthetics to move more naturally, they need both good engineering and a way to communicate with the brain. That’s something scientists at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/\">UC San Francisco\u003c/a> are working on, and their success hinges on the brain’s ability to make new connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Koger lost both his arms in an ATV accident seven years ago. A father of three from Owensboro, Kentucky, Koger doesn’t mind showing off the high-tech bionic hands he wears now. With them, he’s able to open soda cans and work gadgets that have pressure-sensitive touchscreens – but a few things are missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a three year old, a little boy,” Koger says, “and I can hold his hand, and we’re fixing to cross the street. But then all of the sudden I kind of look around and I look back and he’s not even holding my hand, and I thought he still was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just touch that’s absent. Koger has a hard time sensing where his bionic hands are when he can’t see them. Say, for example, he tries to thread a belt through the loops in the back of his blue jeans. He has to do it before putting them on. The bionic hands lack a sense called \u003ca href=\"http://io9.com/sensing-your-own-body-is-more-complicated-than-you-real-1473461740\">proprioception\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Body’s Sense of Spatial Awareness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26756\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 423px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Artifical-limbs-photo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26756\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Artifical-limbs-photo.jpg\" alt=\"Though Koger owns a pair of high-tech bionic hands, he sometimes opts for old-fashioned hooks, like when he’s planning to work outside or when he expects rain. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)\" width=\"423\" height=\"282\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Koger tosses a pitch to his daughter while wearing his hooks. (Danny Beeler/Heart of the City Design)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The human body has a built-in sense for where its various parts are in space, explains \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/philip.sabes\">Philip Sabes\u003c/a>, a professor and neurophysiologist at UC San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are sensors that live in your muscles, in your joints, even in your tendons,” Sabes says, “that tell your brain about where you body is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why you can touch your nose even with your eyes closed; proprioception tells you where your nose is with respect to your hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you move, proprioception gives the brain feedback, and this feedback lets you refine your movement, moment by moment. But amputees controlling a prosthetic have to do without this sense. Generally, they rely on sight instead, which isn’t as fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Visual feedback is much slower to get to the parts of the brain that control movement than proprioception is,” Sabes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabes’ research is backed by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.defense.gov/\">Department of Defense\u003c/a> research agency, \u003ca href=\"http://www.darpa.mil/default.aspx\">DARPA\u003c/a>. There are hundreds of thousands of amputees in the U.S., including some 1,500 veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sabes’ Experiment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabes is researching how an artificial limb might be able to send useful feedback to the brain of an amputee. What if the signal were artificial, he asked, could the brain figure out what it meant and put it to use?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabes began with a monkey that was trained to move his hands in response to a dot on a screen, that is, a visual signal. Then Sabes added a signal to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal went to a tiny chip, surgically implanted just inside the monkey’s skull. It delivered tiny fractions of a volt to the motor cortex — an amount of electricity so small, Sabes says, you probably wouldn’t feel it on your hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26757\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Prof-Sabes-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26757\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Prof-Sabes-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Philip Sabes is a professor and neurophysiologist at UC San Francisco, where he researches brain science and engineering in hopes of developing a better connection between man and machine. (Cindy Chew/UCSF)\" width=\"427\" height=\"284\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Philip Sabes is a professor and neurophysiologist at UC San Francisco, where he researches brain science and engineering in hopes of developing a better connection between humans and machines. (Cindy Chew/UCSF)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And so that signalled to the monkey,” Sabes says, “that maybe there was something lightly touching his arm or his elbow or his shoulder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers paired this stimulation alongside the visual signals the monkey was already used to reading. Sabes says initially, it didn’t make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over days and weeks,” he says, “we noticed that the monkey started to perform better and better when he had both cues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The monkey’s brain was incorporating the new signal — putting it to use, so he had to rely less on visual cues alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a few weeks, he was so good we actually let him do the task with just stimulation alone,” Sabes says. “So then he was able to sit in a dark room with no visual feedback, nonetheless he could reach from one target to the next to the next, because he could feel where those targets were, via the stimulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What It Means\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe results show that the primate brain, given an arbitrary kind of signal, can adapt to understand it as a kind of faux proprioception. Knowing that the brain can do this could someday lead to giving amputees a sense of where their artificial limbs are in space. Such signals could be delivered through feedback, Sabes says, via either the nerves or small implants in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how long until this kind of technology is far enough along it can help amputees control their prosthetics well enough to move like the real thing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to be bullish,” Sabes said. “Fifteen to 20 years until it’s as natural as normal movement.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26746/building-a-better-bionic-arm-by-teaching-the-brain-a-new-signal",
"authors": [
"6609"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_30",
"science_89",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_64"
],
"featImg": "science_26749",
"label": "science"
},
"science_26776": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26776",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26776",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422720013000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422720013,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Your Chance to Weigh In on the EPA's New Smog Proposal",
"headTitle": "Your Chance to Weigh In on the EPA’s New Smog Proposal | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26786\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The federal\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/hearings.html\"> Environmental Protection Agency is holding a hearing\u003c/a> in Sacramento on Monday, Feb. 2, to hear public comment on new smog rules the Obama Administration says could prevent tens of thousands of asthma attacks and hundreds of premature deaths from air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing is one of just three across the nation where the EPA will listen to input on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/pdfs/20141125fs-overview.pdf\">new proposal\u003c/a> to reduce ozone from sources like diesel trucks, tractors, and oil refineries. The new standard would be 65-70 parts per billion (ppb), compared to today’s standard of 75 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain areas of California register some of the worst ozone pollution in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Living in the Central Valley, it’s dangerous to your health. You take risks by living here,” says Rosanna Esparza, of Bakersfield, an environmental activist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanwateraction.org/ca\">Clean Water Action\u003c/a>. “The standards as they are don’t protect us. Those are minimal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley is still struggling to meet the current ozone standard, set in 2008, and an even older standard of 84 ppb from 1997. The San Joaquin Valley Air District \u003ca href=\"http://www.centralvalleybusinesstimes.com/stories/001/?ID=27419\">says it would take a miracle\u003c/a> to meet the new standard; they say it would mean people all over the valley would have to swap out their cars and diesel trucks for zero-emission vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lower ozone threshold would also mean some counties, like Alameda and Contra Costa, which don’t currently violate the ozone standard, would likely be out of compliance with federal air rules. (Check out a map \u003ca href=\"http://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingSwipe/index.html?appid=a3c9f378699045749a85e9c04728fc79&webmap=3b3e0960060141c7828fc93b14e3d4d2\">here)\u003c/a>. Air quality flags warning of health risks would come out on more days of the year. Regions that don’t comply with the new standards risk fines and the loss of federal transportation money, among other consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry strongly \u003ca href=\"http://www.api.org/policy-and-issues/policy-items/environment/economic-impacts-of-ozone-regulations\">opposes the new smog rules\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmta.net/page/legupdate-article.php?legupdate_id=921824\">California Manufacturers and Technology Association\u003c/a> says a lower ozone standard would cost businesses – and kill jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires the EPA to base a decision on health science alone, not on the cost of achieving a standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can’t make it to the hearing, you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/how-to-comment.html\">submit public comment \u003c/a>online through March 17th.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 414,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704932340,
"excerpt": "Regulators say the stricter new standard could save lives and reduce hospitalizations. Critics say it would be costly and would kill jobs. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Regulators say the stricter new standard could save lives and reduce hospitalizations. Critics say it would be costly and would kill jobs. ",
"title": "Your Chance to Weigh In on the EPA's New Smog Proposal | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Your Chance to Weigh In on the EPA's New Smog Proposal",
"datePublished": "2015-01-31T08:00:13-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "your-chance-to-weigh-in-on-the-epas-new-smog-proposal",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26776/your-chance-to-weigh-in-on-the-epas-new-smog-proposal",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26786\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The federal\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/hearings.html\"> Environmental Protection Agency is holding a hearing\u003c/a> in Sacramento on Monday, Feb. 2, to hear public comment on new smog rules the Obama Administration says could prevent tens of thousands of asthma attacks and hundreds of premature deaths from air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing is one of just three across the nation where the EPA will listen to input on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/pdfs/20141125fs-overview.pdf\">new proposal\u003c/a> to reduce ozone from sources like diesel trucks, tractors, and oil refineries. The new standard would be 65-70 parts per billion (ppb), compared to today’s standard of 75 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain areas of California register some of the worst ozone pollution in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Living in the Central Valley, it’s dangerous to your health. You take risks by living here,” says Rosanna Esparza, of Bakersfield, an environmental activist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanwateraction.org/ca\">Clean Water Action\u003c/a>. “The standards as they are don’t protect us. Those are minimal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley is still struggling to meet the current ozone standard, set in 2008, and an even older standard of 84 ppb from 1997. The San Joaquin Valley Air District \u003ca href=\"http://www.centralvalleybusinesstimes.com/stories/001/?ID=27419\">says it would take a miracle\u003c/a> to meet the new standard; they say it would mean people all over the valley would have to swap out their cars and diesel trucks for zero-emission vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lower ozone threshold would also mean some counties, like Alameda and Contra Costa, which don’t currently violate the ozone standard, would likely be out of compliance with federal air rules. (Check out a map \u003ca href=\"http://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingSwipe/index.html?appid=a3c9f378699045749a85e9c04728fc79&webmap=3b3e0960060141c7828fc93b14e3d4d2\">here)\u003c/a>. Air quality flags warning of health risks would come out on more days of the year. Regions that don’t comply with the new standards risk fines and the loss of federal transportation money, among other consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry strongly \u003ca href=\"http://www.api.org/policy-and-issues/policy-items/environment/economic-impacts-of-ozone-regulations\">opposes the new smog rules\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmta.net/page/legupdate-article.php?legupdate_id=921824\">California Manufacturers and Technology Association\u003c/a> says a lower ozone standard would cost businesses – and kill jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires the EPA to base a decision on health science alone, not on the cost of achieving a standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can’t make it to the hearing, you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/how-to-comment.html\">submit public comment \u003c/a>online through March 17th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26776/your-chance-to-weigh-in-on-the-epas-new-smog-proposal",
"authors": [
"254"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_686",
"science_2080",
"science_554"
],
"featImg": "science_26786",
"label": "science"
},
"science_26725": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26725",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26725",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422644328000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422644328,
"format": "aside",
"title": "California parks: New funding, better accountability needed to stop decline, new report says",
"headTitle": "California parks: New funding, better accountability needed to stop decline, new report says | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26730\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/state-parks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/state-parks.jpg\" alt=\" Monterey Pines and other trees at sunset in Asilomar State Park, which celebrated its centennial in 2013. (Leslie David/KQED)\" width=\"850\" height=\"567\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Pines and other trees at sunset in Asilomar State Park, which celebrated its centennial in 2013.\u003cbr>(Leslie David/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s venerable state parks — from sunny Los Angeles beaches to towering redwoods in the Santa Cruz Mountains — are under “serious stress” and suffering from declining budgets, shorter hours, higher fees, a $1.3 billion maintenance backlog and outdated technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the conclusion of a new report scheduled for release Friday by a blue-ribbon state commission made up of business leaders, government officials and park experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Parks Forward Commission says the parks system can be fixed but that a dedicated source of new funding must be found. But first, the state parks department has to rebuild public confidence three years after Gov. Jerry Brown and Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger before him threatened to close dozens of parks to save money — and former parks director Ruth Coleman resigned after auditors found her staff had not reported millions of dollars sitting in accounts to state finance officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full story at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_27424214/state-parks-new-funding-better-accountability-needed-stop\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"ppixelP6r\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 187,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 6
},
"modified": 1704932343,
"excerpt": "Three years after California state parks were discovered to have mismanaged millions of dollars, a task force issued recommendations for how to manage and fund the state park system.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Three years after California state parks were discovered to have mismanaged millions of dollars, a task force issued recommendations for how to manage and fund the state park system.",
"title": "California parks: New funding, better accountability needed to stop decline, new report says | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California parks: New funding, better accountability needed to stop decline, new report says",
"datePublished": "2015-01-30T10:58:48-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:03-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-parks-new-funding-better-accountability-needed-to-stop-decline-new-report-says",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26725/california-parks-new-funding-better-accountability-needed-to-stop-decline-new-report-says",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26730\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/state-parks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/state-parks.jpg\" alt=\" Monterey Pines and other trees at sunset in Asilomar State Park, which celebrated its centennial in 2013. (Leslie David/KQED)\" width=\"850\" height=\"567\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Pines and other trees at sunset in Asilomar State Park, which celebrated its centennial in 2013.\u003cbr>(Leslie David/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s venerable state parks — from sunny Los Angeles beaches to towering redwoods in the Santa Cruz Mountains — are under “serious stress” and suffering from declining budgets, shorter hours, higher fees, a $1.3 billion maintenance backlog and outdated technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the conclusion of a new report scheduled for release Friday by a blue-ribbon state commission made up of business leaders, government officials and park experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Parks Forward Commission says the parks system can be fixed but that a dedicated source of new funding must be found. But first, the state parks department has to rebuild public confidence three years after Gov. Jerry Brown and Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger before him threatened to close dozens of parks to save money — and former parks director Ruth Coleman resigned after auditors found her staff had not reported millions of dollars sitting in accounts to state finance officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full story at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_27424214/state-parks-new-funding-better-accountability-needed-stop\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"ppixelP6r\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26725/california-parks-new-funding-better-accountability-needed-to-stop-decline-new-report-says",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1942",
"science_64",
"science_101"
],
"featImg": "science_26730",
"label": "science"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=news": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 2976,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 3366,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_27415",
"science_27570",
"science_27554",
"science_27379",
"science_27226",
"science_27168",
"science_27145",
"science_27067",
"science_26984",
"science_26746",
"science_26776",
"science_26725"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_news": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"source_science_27415": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_27415",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_27067": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_27067",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_2625": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2625",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2625",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "PBS and the BBC present 'Big Blue Live'",
"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_149123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"] (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption]\r\n\r\nFrom breaching humpback whales to fuzzy sea otters, great white sharks, kelp forests and an underwater canyon deeper than the Grand Canyon, Monterey Bay is one of the world's most amazing ocean destinations. In an unprecedented collaboration, PBS and the BBC presented \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/big-blue-live/home/\">Big Blue Live\u003c/a>,\" a three-night live broadcast that aired on KQED 9 at 8 pm Aug. 31 to Sept. 2, 2015 and featured the majestic marine life of Monterey Bay. \r\n\r\nAnchored from open-air studios at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and aboard research ships on the bay, scientists, filmmakers and other experts came together to document the extraordinary rejuvenation of the once-endangered and now thriving ecosystem of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary for viewers in the United States and Europe. Over the past decade, KQED has told many of the stories of this remarkable area on television, radio and the web.\r\n\r\nAlthough the Big Blue Live event is now over, you can \u003ca href=\"http://video.kqed.org/program/big-blue-live/\">watch all 3 episodes online through the entire month of September\u003c/a>:\r\n\r\nFeatured Stories",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_149123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"] (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] From breaching humpback whales to fuzzy sea otters, great white sharks, kelp forests and an underwater canyon deeper than the Grand Canyon, Monterey Bay is one of the world's most amazing ocean destinations. In an unprecedented collaboration, PBS and the BBC presented \"Big Blue Live,\" a three-night live broadcast that aired on KQED 9 at 8 pm Aug. 31 to Sept. 2, 2015 and featured the majestic marine life of Monterey Bay. Anchored from open-air studios at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and aboard research ships on the bay, scientists, filmmakers and other experts came together to document the extraordinary rejuvenation of the once-endangered and now thriving ecosystem of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary for viewers in the United States and Europe. Over the past decade, KQED has told many of the stories of this remarkable area on television, radio and the web. Although the Big Blue Live event is now over, you can watch all 3 episodes online through the entire month of September: Featured Stories",
"title": "PBS and the BBC present 'Big Blue Live' Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2637,
"slug": "big-blue-live",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/big-blue-live"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_29": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_29",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "29",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 31,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/chemistry"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_1321": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1321",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1321",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ocean acidification",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ocean acidification Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1330,
"slug": "ocean-acidification",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/ocean-acidification"
},
"science_1753": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1753",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1753",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Crude by Rail in California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Crude by Rail in California Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1763,
"slug": "crude-by-rail-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/crude-by-rail-california"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_552": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_552",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "552",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "crude oil",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "crude oil Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 558,
"slug": "crude-oil",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/crude-oil"
},
"science_1043": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1043",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1043",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "crude-by-rail",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "crude-by-rail Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1051,
"slug": "crude-by-rail",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/crude-by-rail"
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_652": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_652",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "652",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "green building",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "green building Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 658,
"slug": "green-building",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/green-building"
},
"science_138": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_138",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "138",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 142,
"slug": "solar",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/solar"
},
"science_205": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_205",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "205",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "conservation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "conservation Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 209,
"slug": "conservation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/conservation"
},
"science_2166": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2166",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2166",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Lake Berryessa",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Lake Berryessa Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2177,
"slug": "lake-berryessa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/lake-berryessa"
},
"science_2170": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2170",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2170",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "national monument",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "national monument Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2181,
"slug": "national-monument",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/national-monument"
},
"science_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Geology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Geology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 40,
"slug": "geology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/geology"
},
"science_429": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_429",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "429",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fracking",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fracking Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 435,
"slug": "fracking",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fracking"
},
"science_955": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_955",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "955",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "hydraulic fracturing",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "hydraulic fracturing Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 962,
"slug": "hydraulic-fracturing",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/hydraulic-fracturing"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_2266": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2266",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2266",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dogs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dogs Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2278,
"slug": "dogs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/dogs"
},
"science_5187": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5187",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5187",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Stanford University",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Stanford University Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5187,
"slug": "stanford-university",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/stanford-university"
},
"science_2265": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2265",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2265",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "animal mating",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "animal mating Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2277,
"slug": "animal-mating",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/animal-mating"
},
"science_727": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_727",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "727",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "UC Santa Cruz",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "UC Santa Cruz Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 734,
"slug": "uc-santa-cruz",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/uc-santa-cruz"
},
"science_2259": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2259",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2259",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California Department of Fish and Wildlife",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California Department of Fish and Wildlife Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2271,
"slug": "california-department-of-fish-and-wildlife",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california-department-of-fish-and-wildlife"
},
"science_2209": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2209",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2209",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environmental Protection Agency",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environmental Protection Agency Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2221,
"slug": "environmental-protection-agency",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environmental-protection-agency"
},
"science_64": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_64",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "64",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "full-image",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "full-image Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 67,
"slug": "full-image",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/full-image"
},
"science_5182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NOAA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NOAA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5182,
"slug": "noaa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/noaa"
},
"science_686": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_686",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "686",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "central valley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "central valley Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 693,
"slug": "central-valley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/central-valley"
},
"science_2080": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2080",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2080",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "EPA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "EPA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2091,
"slug": "epa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/epa"
},
"science_554": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_554",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "554",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pollution Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 560,
"slug": "pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pollution"
},
"science_1942": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1942",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1942",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California State Parks",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California State Parks Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1953,
"slug": "california-state-parks",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california-state-parks"
},
"science_101": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_101",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "101",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Jerry Brown",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Jerry Brown Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 105,
"slug": "jerry-brown",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/jerry-brown"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
