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"content": "\u003cp>The Bay Area loves its food scene. On average, we eat \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/09/24/2014-san-francisco-zagat-guide-surveys-restaurants-residents-eating-preferences/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4.2 meals per week\u003c/a> on the town, and San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"http://insidescoopsf.sfgate.com/blog/2012/08/01/report-san-francisco-has-the-highest-density-of-restaurants-in-america-by-far/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more restaurants per household\u003c/a> than any other U.S. city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Americans go out to eat, they consume more calories, salt, cholesterol and fat than when they prepare their meals at home, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ejcn2015104a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a report\u003c/a> published last week in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ejcn/index.html\">European Journal of Clinical Nutrition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And full-service restaurants are not necessarily better than fast-food joints. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kch.illinois.edu/Faculty/Bios/An.aspx\">Ruopeng An\u003c/a>, the report’s author, found that patrons of sit-down restaurants actually consumed \u003cem>more\u003c/em> cholesterol and salt than those who ate fast food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89433\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/unnamed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-89433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/unnamed-400x598.jpg\" alt=\"Brunch is one of the most popular meals in San Francisco restaurants, but longer meal times and large portions may encourage diners to over eat.\" width=\"400\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/unnamed-400x598.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/unnamed.jpg 513w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brunch is one of the most popular meals in San Francisco restaurants, but longer meal times and large portions may encourage diners to over eat. \u003ccite>(Sarah Lappe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s likely that people consider full-service restaurants to be healthier,” says An, a scientist at University of Illinois, “so they may be less likely to make informed decisions there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, the food consumed at restaurants was healthier: restaurant meals contained more beneficial nutrients than fast food, like vitamins, potassium and omega-3 fatty acids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these benefits may be undermined by the drawback that people dining at \u003cem>any \u003c/em>establishment consumed about 10% more calories and salt than those eating at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going out is usually a social activity that takes a long time. An thinks this may be one factor that encourages overeating at restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report is based on data collected between 2003 and 2010 through the federally-funded \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/about_nhanes.htm\">National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey\u003c/a>, a project of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approximately 18,000 American adults were asked to recall everything they ate during two separate 24-hour windows, including where they got the food and where they ate it. An then compared how much the same individuals ate when they were at home, versus at a restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89432\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-89432\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"Enjoying good food and company may be benefits of eating out that were not considered in this study. \" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Enjoying good food and company may be benefits of eating out that were not considered in this study. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But dining out may be healthy in ways that were not considered in the study. \u003ca href=\"http://www.lindabacon.org/\">Linda Bacon\u003c/a>, a Bay Area-based nutrition researcher and the author of the books “Body Respect” and “Health at Every Size,” says enjoying the food and company matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t just reduce food to nutrients,” she says. “We have to take into account a much bigger picture than what people are eating if we really want to understand the effect that food is having on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bacon also cautions against using surveys to draw broad conclusions about health and diet, because people are notoriously inaccurate at self-reporting what they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would encourage people to move away from this fear-based idea of thinking that certain ways of eating are good and others are bad,” she says. “You should end up eating well because you want to and it helps you feel better. That’s much more sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area loves its food scene. On average, we eat \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/09/24/2014-san-francisco-zagat-guide-surveys-restaurants-residents-eating-preferences/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4.2 meals per week\u003c/a> on the town, and San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"http://insidescoopsf.sfgate.com/blog/2012/08/01/report-san-francisco-has-the-highest-density-of-restaurants-in-america-by-far/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more restaurants per household\u003c/a> than any other U.S. city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Americans go out to eat, they consume more calories, salt, cholesterol and fat than when they prepare their meals at home, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ejcn2015104a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a report\u003c/a> published last week in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ejcn/index.html\">European Journal of Clinical Nutrition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And full-service restaurants are not necessarily better than fast-food joints. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kch.illinois.edu/Faculty/Bios/An.aspx\">Ruopeng An\u003c/a>, the report’s author, found that patrons of sit-down restaurants actually consumed \u003cem>more\u003c/em> cholesterol and salt than those who ate fast food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89433\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/unnamed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-89433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/unnamed-400x598.jpg\" alt=\"Brunch is one of the most popular meals in San Francisco restaurants, but longer meal times and large portions may encourage diners to over eat.\" width=\"400\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/unnamed-400x598.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/unnamed.jpg 513w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brunch is one of the most popular meals in San Francisco restaurants, but longer meal times and large portions may encourage diners to over eat. \u003ccite>(Sarah Lappe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s likely that people consider full-service restaurants to be healthier,” says An, a scientist at University of Illinois, “so they may be less likely to make informed decisions there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, the food consumed at restaurants was healthier: restaurant meals contained more beneficial nutrients than fast food, like vitamins, potassium and omega-3 fatty acids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these benefits may be undermined by the drawback that people dining at \u003cem>any \u003c/em>establishment consumed about 10% more calories and salt than those eating at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going out is usually a social activity that takes a long time. An thinks this may be one factor that encourages overeating at restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report is based on data collected between 2003 and 2010 through the federally-funded \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/about_nhanes.htm\">National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey\u003c/a>, a project of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approximately 18,000 American adults were asked to recall everything they ate during two separate 24-hour windows, including where they got the food and where they ate it. An then compared how much the same individuals ate when they were at home, versus at a restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89432\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-89432\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"Enjoying good food and company may be benefits of eating out that were not considered in this study. \" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS14614_IMG_0554.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Enjoying good food and company may be benefits of eating out that were not considered in this study. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But dining out may be healthy in ways that were not considered in the study. \u003ca href=\"http://www.lindabacon.org/\">Linda Bacon\u003c/a>, a Bay Area-based nutrition researcher and the author of the books “Body Respect” and “Health at Every Size,” says enjoying the food and company matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t just reduce food to nutrients,” she says. “We have to take into account a much bigger picture than what people are eating if we really want to understand the effect that food is having on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bacon also cautions against using surveys to draw broad conclusions about health and diet, because people are notoriously inaccurate at self-reporting what they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would encourage people to move away from this fear-based idea of thinking that certain ways of eating are good and others are bad,” she says. “You should end up eating well because you want to and it helps you feel better. That’s much more sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Self-Driving Taxis: Great for Cutting Emissions, Not So Great for Cabbies",
"headTitle": "Self-Driving Taxis: Great for Cutting Emissions, Not So Great for Cabbies | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>If cab drivers see Uber as a threat, wait until the robo-cabs arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2685.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A study\u003c/a> released Monday by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory suggests that a fleet of self-driving electric taxis could save money and reduce personal vehicle emissions by 87–94 percent per mile in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good example of the cheapest option also being the most environmentally friendly,” says \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/jeffery-greenblatt\">Jeff Greenblatt\u003c/a>, the energy technology researcher who led the study. “You don’t often find that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personal vehicles are responsible for about 14 percent of \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/sources/transportation.html\">total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> each year. But electric robo-cabs could finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iezUmvPUDGw&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tip the economic balance\u003c/a> in favor of electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shared-use taxis would put in many more miles than personal cars. A typical private vehicle only travels about 12,000 miles per year, while taxis in the U.S. can log anywhere from 40,000 to 70,000 miles per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A driverless taxi could travel even farther, since it wouldn’t have to stop for breaks and could recharge itself unsupervised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Driving Efficiency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racking up that kind of mileage would also require more maintenance, so choosing the most efficient design would be critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”1hGFNXZxxXiq05wZlIAZXLW7Fw5Mlk5N”]”Under this scenario, battery electrics really come up on top as the lowest-cost transportation option,” says Greenblatt. Even with expected advances to internal combustion engines, he says electric cars will go farther on less energy and money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of emissions, it would be like getting 158 miles per gallon of gas. Of course, electrics are only as “green” as the power they’re plugging into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in a period of unprecedented transformation to the electric grid, in terms of becoming much more focused on renewables than we were before,” says Greenblatt, “and that helps make electric drive a lower greenhouse gas alternative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the LBNL scenario, cabs could also shrink substantially. A fleet of very small one-or-two-person cars could satisfy the majority of driving needs in cities, but that wouldn’t necessarily mean riding around in “clown cars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be kind of like a combination between Zipcar and a chauffeur service,” explains Greenblatt. “[The taxi] would pick you up and drop you off wherever you want, you don’t have to worry about refueling it because it would go charge itself, and you can get the right kind of car you need for that trip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drivers Not Wanted\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fares would also be lower in self-driving taxis, since 57 percent of cab fares currently go to drivers. Greenblatt concedes that this could have considerable social impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We do recognize that if we replace drivers with robots, there are going to be people out of a job.’\u003ccite> Jeff Greenblatt,energy technology researcher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We do recognize that if we replace drivers with robots, there are going to be people out of a job. We need to acknowledge that and think about how we can respond,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really interesting idea,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/%7Erclewlow/Home.html\">Regina Clewlow\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, who studies household transportation and energy decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She agrees that self-driving taxis would likely make electric vehicles more cost-effective. But she also thinks that more research will be needed. For example, self-driving cars might completely change travel demands in cities in unpredictable ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Clewlow notes that just because self-driving electric taxis would be the lowest cost option, doesn’t mean they’re what people will want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If all people made their choices based on the lowest cost alternatives, we wouldn’t have things like Teslas or Porsches.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If cab drivers see Uber as a threat, wait until the robo-cabs arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2685.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A study\u003c/a> released Monday by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory suggests that a fleet of self-driving electric taxis could save money and reduce personal vehicle emissions by 87–94 percent per mile in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good example of the cheapest option also being the most environmentally friendly,” says \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/jeffery-greenblatt\">Jeff Greenblatt\u003c/a>, the energy technology researcher who led the study. “You don’t often find that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personal vehicles are responsible for about 14 percent of \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/sources/transportation.html\">total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> each year. But electric robo-cabs could finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iezUmvPUDGw&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tip the economic balance\u003c/a> in favor of electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shared-use taxis would put in many more miles than personal cars. A typical private vehicle only travels about 12,000 miles per year, while taxis in the U.S. can log anywhere from 40,000 to 70,000 miles per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A driverless taxi could travel even farther, since it wouldn’t have to stop for breaks and could recharge itself unsupervised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Driving Efficiency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racking up that kind of mileage would also require more maintenance, so choosing the most efficient design would be critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”Under this scenario, battery electrics really come up on top as the lowest-cost transportation option,” says Greenblatt. Even with expected advances to internal combustion engines, he says electric cars will go farther on less energy and money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of emissions, it would be like getting 158 miles per gallon of gas. Of course, electrics are only as “green” as the power they’re plugging into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in a period of unprecedented transformation to the electric grid, in terms of becoming much more focused on renewables than we were before,” says Greenblatt, “and that helps make electric drive a lower greenhouse gas alternative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the LBNL scenario, cabs could also shrink substantially. A fleet of very small one-or-two-person cars could satisfy the majority of driving needs in cities, but that wouldn’t necessarily mean riding around in “clown cars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be kind of like a combination between Zipcar and a chauffeur service,” explains Greenblatt. “[The taxi] would pick you up and drop you off wherever you want, you don’t have to worry about refueling it because it would go charge itself, and you can get the right kind of car you need for that trip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drivers Not Wanted\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fares would also be lower in self-driving taxis, since 57 percent of cab fares currently go to drivers. Greenblatt concedes that this could have considerable social impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We do recognize that if we replace drivers with robots, there are going to be people out of a job.’\u003ccite> Jeff Greenblatt,energy technology researcher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We do recognize that if we replace drivers with robots, there are going to be people out of a job. We need to acknowledge that and think about how we can respond,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really interesting idea,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/%7Erclewlow/Home.html\">Regina Clewlow\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, who studies household transportation and energy decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She agrees that self-driving taxis would likely make electric vehicles more cost-effective. But she also thinks that more research will be needed. For example, self-driving cars might completely change travel demands in cities in unpredictable ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Clewlow notes that just because self-driving electric taxis would be the lowest cost option, doesn’t mean they’re what people will want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If all people made their choices based on the lowest cost alternatives, we wouldn’t have things like Teslas or Porsches.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "After Sketchy Science, Shark Week Promises to Turn Over a New Fin",
"headTitle": "After Sketchy Science, Shark Week Promises to Turn Over a New Fin | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It has been called the “Super Bowl of the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shark Week is a ratings bonanza for the Discovery Channel with more than 40 million people tuning in last year. Shark Week \u003ca href=\"http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/shark-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kicked off this weekend\u003c/a> with the most hours of programming ever in its 28-year history But many scientists think the huge audiences — and the hype — have come at the expense of real science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A generation of shark scientists cut their teeth on Shark Week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve loved sharks since I was a little kid,” says 29-year-old marine biologist Jonathan Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always dreamed of being on Shark Week,” he says. “It was my ultimate goal when I was a kid. I always watched it, and it was extremely informative when I was younger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Shark Week two years ago did not appreciate it when I recommended an 8-year-old neighbor to fact check the scripts for them.’\u003ccite> David Shiffman, University of Miami shark researcher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So imagine Davis’ joy when Shark Week producers called him two years ago to make a documentary, which they said would be about his research on bull sharks in Louisiana’s Lake Pontchartrain. As a graduate student at the University of New Orleans, Davis was thrilled when they paid for a day of tracking and tagging sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The producers interviewed Davis about his work and at the end, he says, they casually asked if he ever heard of a legendary shark of the bayous called the Rooken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I said, ‘No, of course not. That sounds like a ridiculous fisherman story,’ ” Davis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can guess what happened next. To his horror, Davis found himself \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/08/30/344562317/when-wildlife-documentaries-jump-the-shark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">featured on a “documentary”\u003c/a> that had little to do with his research.\u003cem> Voodoo Shark\u003c/em> strongly suggested that Davis believed in the Rooken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way I could’ve known they were going to portray it like that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Voodoo Shark\u003c/em> shows Davis and his team doing real research, pulling sharks out of the water and tagging them on the deck. Davis says he did not see any unusual sharks. What was unusual was a producer’s reaction when they hooked a big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the guys was like, “Oh, maybe you should just let it bite you, that would be so exciting.’ And I was just thinking to myself, ‘Are you kidding me? You really think I wanna let the shark bite me just for ratings? Are you serious?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”kvbD9oAVLxmNeBVmdFwj478XfaAeQtTD”]Ellen Prager, a marine scientist who has taught at the University of Miami and writes books for children about sharks, says she and her colleagues have a list of things that drive them crazy about Shark Week, such as the emphasis on sharks attacking people and feeding frenzies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not what you typically see in nature,” Prager says. “And in fact, some of the shark researchers I know have hardly ever even seen sharks feeding in the wild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the frenzy of factual errors. David Shiffman, who studies sharks at the University of Miami, has spent the past few years calling out Shark Week in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shark Week two years ago did not appreciate it when I recommended an 8-year-old neighbor to fact check the scripts for them,” he says. “Because that 8-year-old knew more about sharks than whoever was writing those scripts did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these scientists agree that Shark Week hit bottom two years ago with an infamous, fictionalized “documentary” about a 100-foot, 80-ton shark they called “the serial killer of the seas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That shark, named Megalodon, also happens to be extinct — and has been for more than a million years. But Discovery resurrected Megalodon, with made-up stories of sightings and attacks. The narrator even threw in some exciting Nazi connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the shark that’s in the Nazi U-boat photo is in fact the same shark that’s in the shark iPhoto that was taken just after the boat attack, then that means there’s been a 50-ton monster in these waters for over 70 years,” said one character in the movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives\u003c/em> was the highest-rated program in Shark Week history. Even though the network ran a disclaimer saying it was fake, experts like Shiffman were unimpressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was presented in such a way that you could very easily watch it and not know it was fictional,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Discovery says it’s turning over a new leaf — or a new fin — when it comes to Shark week, says Howard Swartz, who recently took over as head of development and production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we’re focusing quite a bit on research and science, more so probably than we have in the past,” Swartz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Discovery Channel has promised it will produce no more fake documentaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve toyed with a lot of different types of storytelling over the years,” Swartz says. “And I just think now in a forward-looking direction, I think we wanna focus more on the research angle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how do you make anything as sexy as a 50-ton Nazi-affiliated shark? Swartz says you go to Cuba, where there are stories about a monster great white roaming the coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allegedly, a 21-foot, 7,000-pound great white,” Swartz says. “So the question was, you know was that the biggest great white ever caught? And if it was, was there something unique to these Cuban waters that these animals are growing so big or attracting animals so big?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Shark Week sent some of its shows in advance to some critics, including Shiffman. He says sharks need the Discovery Channel to not demonize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I say one out of every four species of sharks, skates and rays are threatened with extinction, there are some people that say, ‘Good it should be more of them going extinct. Sharks are bad! Sharks are scary!’ But they’re not!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shiffman says sharks are beautiful and wild. He hopes this year Shark Week will make them reality stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Shark Week is here, and scientists are afraid. Not of the toothy swimmers — but of inaccuracies, bad science and the demonization of animals that aren't as ferocious as Discovery Channel has made out.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It has been called the “Super Bowl of the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shark Week is a ratings bonanza for the Discovery Channel with more than 40 million people tuning in last year. Shark Week \u003ca href=\"http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/shark-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kicked off this weekend\u003c/a> with the most hours of programming ever in its 28-year history But many scientists think the huge audiences — and the hype — have come at the expense of real science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A generation of shark scientists cut their teeth on Shark Week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve loved sharks since I was a little kid,” says 29-year-old marine biologist Jonathan Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always dreamed of being on Shark Week,” he says. “It was my ultimate goal when I was a kid. I always watched it, and it was extremely informative when I was younger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Shark Week two years ago did not appreciate it when I recommended an 8-year-old neighbor to fact check the scripts for them.’\u003ccite> David Shiffman, University of Miami shark researcher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So imagine Davis’ joy when Shark Week producers called him two years ago to make a documentary, which they said would be about his research on bull sharks in Louisiana’s Lake Pontchartrain. As a graduate student at the University of New Orleans, Davis was thrilled when they paid for a day of tracking and tagging sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The producers interviewed Davis about his work and at the end, he says, they casually asked if he ever heard of a legendary shark of the bayous called the Rooken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I said, ‘No, of course not. That sounds like a ridiculous fisherman story,’ ” Davis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can guess what happened next. To his horror, Davis found himself \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/08/30/344562317/when-wildlife-documentaries-jump-the-shark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">featured on a “documentary”\u003c/a> that had little to do with his research.\u003cem> Voodoo Shark\u003c/em> strongly suggested that Davis believed in the Rooken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way I could’ve known they were going to portray it like that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Voodoo Shark\u003c/em> shows Davis and his team doing real research, pulling sharks out of the water and tagging them on the deck. Davis says he did not see any unusual sharks. What was unusual was a producer’s reaction when they hooked a big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the guys was like, “Oh, maybe you should just let it bite you, that would be so exciting.’ And I was just thinking to myself, ‘Are you kidding me? You really think I wanna let the shark bite me just for ratings? Are you serious?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Ellen Prager, a marine scientist who has taught at the University of Miami and writes books for children about sharks, says she and her colleagues have a list of things that drive them crazy about Shark Week, such as the emphasis on sharks attacking people and feeding frenzies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not what you typically see in nature,” Prager says. “And in fact, some of the shark researchers I know have hardly ever even seen sharks feeding in the wild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the frenzy of factual errors. David Shiffman, who studies sharks at the University of Miami, has spent the past few years calling out Shark Week in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shark Week two years ago did not appreciate it when I recommended an 8-year-old neighbor to fact check the scripts for them,” he says. “Because that 8-year-old knew more about sharks than whoever was writing those scripts did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these scientists agree that Shark Week hit bottom two years ago with an infamous, fictionalized “documentary” about a 100-foot, 80-ton shark they called “the serial killer of the seas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That shark, named Megalodon, also happens to be extinct — and has been for more than a million years. But Discovery resurrected Megalodon, with made-up stories of sightings and attacks. The narrator even threw in some exciting Nazi connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the shark that’s in the Nazi U-boat photo is in fact the same shark that’s in the shark iPhoto that was taken just after the boat attack, then that means there’s been a 50-ton monster in these waters for over 70 years,” said one character in the movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives\u003c/em> was the highest-rated program in Shark Week history. Even though the network ran a disclaimer saying it was fake, experts like Shiffman were unimpressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was presented in such a way that you could very easily watch it and not know it was fictional,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Discovery says it’s turning over a new leaf — or a new fin — when it comes to Shark week, says Howard Swartz, who recently took over as head of development and production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we’re focusing quite a bit on research and science, more so probably than we have in the past,” Swartz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Discovery Channel has promised it will produce no more fake documentaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve toyed with a lot of different types of storytelling over the years,” Swartz says. “And I just think now in a forward-looking direction, I think we wanna focus more on the research angle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how do you make anything as sexy as a 50-ton Nazi-affiliated shark? Swartz says you go to Cuba, where there are stories about a monster great white roaming the coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allegedly, a 21-foot, 7,000-pound great white,” Swartz says. “So the question was, you know was that the biggest great white ever caught? And if it was, was there something unique to these Cuban waters that these animals are growing so big or attracting animals so big?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Shark Week sent some of its shows in advance to some critics, including Shiffman. He says sharks need the Discovery Channel to not demonize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I say one out of every four species of sharks, skates and rays are threatened with extinction, there are some people that say, ‘Good it should be more of them going extinct. Sharks are bad! Sharks are scary!’ But they’re not!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shiffman says sharks are beautiful and wild. He hopes this year Shark Week will make them reality stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Toxic Algae in Local Lakes Puts Damper on Summer Swimming",
"headTitle": "Toxic Algae in Local Lakes Puts Damper on Summer Swimming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">For the upcoming 4th of July weekend, two lakes in the East Bay Regional Parks will be closed to swimming due to toxic blue-green algae — Temescal in Oakland and Quarry Lakes in Fremont — and warnings are in place at Lake Chabot and Shinn Pond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Characterized by pea-green water or mats of algae at the surface, blue-green algae, also called cyanobacteria, “blooms” with warm weather and drought, then “busts,” dying and decomposing and sometimes releasing toxins into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Several dogs died last year after swimming in Lake Chabot during an algae bloom, likely due to swallowing water or licking their fur after swimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Algae Outbreak Leads to Legislation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One of the worst local outbreaks occurred at Pinto Lake near Watsonville in 2012. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fed by agricultural runoff, the cyanobacteria outflow of toxins from Pinto Lake reached Monterey Bay and killed 30 endangered Southern Sea Otters. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This catastrophe led to the creation of legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/environment-and-nature/20150213/bill-would-support-algal-bloom-research-potentially-help-pinto-lake\">Assembly Bill 300\u003c/a> which, if passed by the senate and signed into law by the Governor later this year, would provide training and a centralized database for local water authorities to test and report dangerous algae blooms. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It would also create a statewide algae task force that could look into causes and solutions as well as potential funding for dealing with the mounting problem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89798\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-89798 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Cyanobacteria grows quickly creating pea-green, soupy-looking water like this. It can also look like thick matts of surface algae and smell bad. (Hal Maclean/East Bay Regional Park District)\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle.jpg 1283w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cyanobacteria grows quickly creating pea-green, soupy-looking water like this. It can also look like thick matts of surface algae and smell bad. \u003ccite>(Hal MacLean, East Bay Regional Park District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Cases of toxic algae have been increasing because of our current warming trends, more concentrated phosphates from runoff and lower water levels in lakes and ponds due to our four-year drought. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Blame it on global Climate Change, but an increase in average temperatures over the last two centuries has resulted in blue-green algae growing at a much faster rate than other phytoplankton, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-06-scientists-health-toxic-blue-green-algae.html\">recent study\u003c/a> led by Professor Rolf Vinebrook from the University of Alberta. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Alberta scientists were testing a new method for early detection of freshwater cyanobacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">By adapting technology used by oceanographers to warn about shellfish poisoning events produced by toxic marine algae, they were more quickly able to catalog blue-green algae samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Symptoms from Exposure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Much remains unknown about freshwater toxic algae blooms but their toxicity to humans, as well as pets and wildlife, is well known. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Reactions to contact with water where blue-green algae toxins are present include rashes, skin and eye irritation, allergic reactions, and gastrointestinal upset. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Exposure to high levels of the toxins can cause serious illness and death.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-warning-poster.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-89799\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-warning-poster-400x515.jpg\" alt=\"Warning signs will be posted to notify you about potential hazards in parks and swim areas. \" width=\"400\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-warning-poster-400x515.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-warning-poster.jpg 651w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Warning signs will be posted to notify you about potential hazards in parks and swim areas. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of East Bay Regional Park District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This summer and fall use caution when visiting your favorite natural swim area, especially with children and pets. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">You can find more information on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/lake_chabot/Update_on_Toxic_Blue-Green_Algae\">EBRPD website\u003c/a> as well as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/environhealth/water/Pages/Bluegreenalgae.aspx\">California Department of Health’s website\u003c/a>. Do not swim in, drink, ingest or cook with water suspected of containing blue-green algae. You can still go fishing or boating in EBRPD parks with closed swim areas, unless otherwise posted.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Blue-green algae are increasing due to drought and climbing temperatures causing closures of popular swim areas. Find out about where they are and what's being done about them.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">For the upcoming 4th of July weekend, two lakes in the East Bay Regional Parks will be closed to swimming due to toxic blue-green algae — Temescal in Oakland and Quarry Lakes in Fremont — and warnings are in place at Lake Chabot and Shinn Pond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Characterized by pea-green water or mats of algae at the surface, blue-green algae, also called cyanobacteria, “blooms” with warm weather and drought, then “busts,” dying and decomposing and sometimes releasing toxins into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Several dogs died last year after swimming in Lake Chabot during an algae bloom, likely due to swallowing water or licking their fur after swimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Algae Outbreak Leads to Legislation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One of the worst local outbreaks occurred at Pinto Lake near Watsonville in 2012. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fed by agricultural runoff, the cyanobacteria outflow of toxins from Pinto Lake reached Monterey Bay and killed 30 endangered Southern Sea Otters. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This catastrophe led to the creation of legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/environment-and-nature/20150213/bill-would-support-algal-bloom-research-potentially-help-pinto-lake\">Assembly Bill 300\u003c/a> which, if passed by the senate and signed into law by the Governor later this year, would provide training and a centralized database for local water authorities to test and report dangerous algae blooms. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It would also create a statewide algae task force that could look into causes and solutions as well as potential funding for dealing with the mounting problem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89798\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-89798 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Cyanobacteria grows quickly creating pea-green, soupy-looking water like this. It can also look like thick matts of surface algae and smell bad. (Hal Maclean/East Bay Regional Park District)\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-boom-bust-cycle.jpg 1283w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cyanobacteria grows quickly creating pea-green, soupy-looking water like this. It can also look like thick matts of surface algae and smell bad. \u003ccite>(Hal MacLean, East Bay Regional Park District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Cases of toxic algae have been increasing because of our current warming trends, more concentrated phosphates from runoff and lower water levels in lakes and ponds due to our four-year drought. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Blame it on global Climate Change, but an increase in average temperatures over the last two centuries has resulted in blue-green algae growing at a much faster rate than other phytoplankton, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-06-scientists-health-toxic-blue-green-algae.html\">recent study\u003c/a> led by Professor Rolf Vinebrook from the University of Alberta. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Alberta scientists were testing a new method for early detection of freshwater cyanobacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">By adapting technology used by oceanographers to warn about shellfish poisoning events produced by toxic marine algae, they were more quickly able to catalog blue-green algae samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Symptoms from Exposure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Much remains unknown about freshwater toxic algae blooms but their toxicity to humans, as well as pets and wildlife, is well known. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Reactions to contact with water where blue-green algae toxins are present include rashes, skin and eye irritation, allergic reactions, and gastrointestinal upset. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Exposure to high levels of the toxins can cause serious illness and death.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-warning-poster.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-89799\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-warning-poster-400x515.jpg\" alt=\"Warning signs will be posted to notify you about potential hazards in parks and swim areas. \" width=\"400\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-warning-poster-400x515.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Bluegreen-Algae-EBRPD-warning-poster.jpg 651w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Warning signs will be posted to notify you about potential hazards in parks and swim areas. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of East Bay Regional Park District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This summer and fall use caution when visiting your favorite natural swim area, especially with children and pets. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">You can find more information on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/lake_chabot/Update_on_Toxic_Blue-Green_Algae\">EBRPD website\u003c/a> as well as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/environhealth/water/Pages/Bluegreenalgae.aspx\">California Department of Health’s website\u003c/a>. Do not swim in, drink, ingest or cook with water suspected of containing blue-green algae. You can still go fishing or boating in EBRPD parks with closed swim areas, unless otherwise posted.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Take a (Science) Hike: Five Great Bay Area Excursions",
"headTitle": "Take a (Science) Hike: Five Great Bay Area Excursions | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Amid the fireworks, picnics and concerts happening over Independence Day, many Bay Area residents are also looking to explore the great outdoors. Here are five accessible hikes that also provide opportunities to learn about science, nature and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77890\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-77890 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg\" alt=\"A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April.\" width=\"800\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1440x896.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1180x735.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-960x598.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April. \u003ccite>(Frank Schulenburg/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. See Elephant Seals onshore\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-77890 size-medium\">Location: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Año Nuevo State Park\u003c/a>, Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty: \u003c/strong>Moderate (3 – 4 miles; 3 hours round trip)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they spend much of their lives in search of food at sea, \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">elephant seals\u003c/a> come ashore to molt in the summer months. Early July is a great time to see thousands of seals on land, shedding last year’s skin and hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To observe the seals, you’ll need to acquire a free permit at the entrance station, between 8:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Follow the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Año Nuevo Point Trail\u003c/a> to the coast. Along the way, you will cross over sand dunes, through a stand of Monterey pines, and past a five-ton ship hull – all that remains of a schooner that wrecked here in 1913. You may also encounter a variety of \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">birds\u003c/a> and the occasional garter snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-77997 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, just south of Pacifica. At low tide, you can observe anemones, crabs, shellfish and other animals in the rocky tidepools.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, just south of Pacifica. At low tide, you can observe a diversity of colorful animals in the rocky tidepools. \u003ccite>(Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Explore California’s intertidal zone\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-77997 size-medium\">Location\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://parks.smcgov.org/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Preserve\u003c/a>, Moss Beach (San Mateo County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty:\u003c/strong> Easy (less than 1 mile, 1 hour round trip).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s intertidal zone is home to a variety of \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitzgeraldreserve.org/newffmrsite/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/TideZoneGuide1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marine animals\u003c/a>, including snails, barnacles, limpets, crabs, anemones, urchins and sea stars. But these animals are best appreciated at low tide, when the rocky pools are exposed and accessible from the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plan your visit to arrive at the north end of the \u003ca href=\"https://parks.smcgov.org/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fitzgerald Marine Preserve\u003c/a> within an hour of \u003ca href=\"http://www.protides.com/california/2193/2015/07/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">low tide\u003c/a>. If tides are high when you visit, you can still explore the \u003ca href=\"https://parks.smcgov.org/fitzgerald-marine-reserve-trails\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bluff-top trails\u003c/a>, or walk to \u003ca href=\"http://gurmeet.net/hiking/hikes/Low_Tide_Hike_In_Fitzgerald_Marine_Reserve.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pillar Point\u003c/a> for more coastal scenery. The area also has \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unique geology\u003c/a>, including the San Gregorio fault and dramatic curved features called \u003ca href=\"http://parks.smcgov.org/sites/parks.smcgov.org/files/FMR-self-guided-tour.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">synclines\u003c/a>, where rock layers have been folded, bent and eroded with time.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-78094 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-800x536.jpg\" alt=\"View up the Pioneer Tree trail. Many Bay Area redwood groves are found on hilly terrain like this, which provides a different ecosystem than the floodplains that host some more northern coast redwoods. \" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-960x643.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View along the Pioneer Tree trail. Most Bay Area redwood groves are found on hilly terrain, which creates a variety of microclimates for other plants and animals. \u003ccite>(KQED Quest)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Enjoy a shady redwood grove\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-78094 size-medium\">Location: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=469\">Samuel P. Taylor State Park\u003c/a>, Lagunitas (Marin County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty:\u003c/strong> Moderate (2.5 miles, 1 – 3 hours)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods are the tallest trees in the world, often exceeding 300 feet. They are also among the most \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/samuel-p-taylor-state-park-exploration/#tabs-15090-0-1%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resilient\u003c/a>. Compared to other trees, redwoods have thick bark with little oil, which makes them less likely to catch fire. They can also absorb water directly from fog, allowing them to survive dry spells with little rainfall. Even so, California’s current drought may be \u003ca href=\"http://berkeleysciencereview.com/article/big-trees-big-trouble/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taking a toll\u003c/a> on these iconic trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit the \u003ca href=\"http://www.redwoodhikes.com/Taylor/Pioneer.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pioneer Tree Trail\u003c/a> for a shady walk through a fern-filled grove of old growth coast redwoods. You can make a loop by including a half mile of the paved \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/469/files/SamuelPTaylorWebBrochure2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cross Marin Trail\u003c/a>, which follows the historic North Pacific Coast Railroad. Afterwards, cool off with a swim in Lagunitas Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-78192 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"One of the labyrinths at the bottom of the quarry at Round Top volcano.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-1440x809.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The labyrinths at the bottom of the quarry at Round Top volcano. \u003ccite>(Stefan Klocek/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Hike into the heart of a volcano\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-78192 size-medium\">Location:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley\">Sibley Volcanic Natural Preserve\u003c/a>, Oakland (Alameda County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty:\u003c/strong> Moderate (2.5 miles, 1 – 3 hours)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ridge above the east bay is home to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/sibley-volcanic-regional-preserve-exploration/\">an ancient volcano\u003c/a>. Now it is one of the highest peaks in the area, but 10 million years ago, Round Top volcano spewed forth most of the lava that underlies the Berkeley hills. Since then, tectonic forces have uplifted the area and forced the volcano on its side. And in recent times, a quarry exposed the very heart of the volcano, exposing its unique geological history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley\">Sibley Volcanic Park\u003c/a> visitor center has a brochure with a self-guided tour that highlights the area’s geology. Hike through a sequence of sedimentary and volcanic rocks on the Round Top loop trail, while enjoying beautiful views of the Bay and Marin County. You can also explore the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Spooky-and-Spiritual-No-one-knows-who-carved-2910155.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mysterious labyrinths\u003c/a> at the bottom of the volcanic quarry. And bring Fido – this hike is dog-friendly.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-78201 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Walking through the tidal marshes at the Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunrise over the tidal marshes at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge. \u003ccite>(Calwhiz/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Spot wetland birds\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-78201 size-medium\">Location: \u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/refuge/don_edwards_san_francisco_bay/\">Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>, Fremont (Santa Clara County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty:\u003c/strong> Easy (1.8 miles, 1 hour)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands provide important habitat to hundreds of species of invertebrates, fish, birds and mammals. They are also one of our most threatened ecosystems: about 85 percent of the bay’s original tidal marshes and shorelines have been developed or altered by humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Don_Edwards_San_Francisco_Bay/about.html\">Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> is the nation’s first urban wildlife refuge, occupying 30,000 acres in the South Bay. Start your tour near the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/refuge/don_edwards_san_francisco_bay/activities.html\">Visitor Center\u003c/a> in Fremont, where you can rent binoculars and family birding packs. Follow the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Headquarterstrailmaps.pdf\">Tidelands Trail\u003c/a> through ponds, sloughs and marshes that are home to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/SF_Bay%20birdlist.pdf\">birds\u003c/a> like herons, plovers, sandpipers and avocets. Feel like going farther? The refuge has over 30 miles of trails, many of which also allow bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Check out QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/\">regional science hikes \u003c/a>for more ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Know other great science-themed hikes? Let us know in the comments!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This holiday weekend, get outdoors and take a walk on the science side. ",
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"title": "Take a (Science) Hike: Five Great Bay Area Excursions | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amid the fireworks, picnics and concerts happening over Independence Day, many Bay Area residents are also looking to explore the great outdoors. Here are five accessible hikes that also provide opportunities to learn about science, nature and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77890\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-77890 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg\" alt=\"A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April.\" width=\"800\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1440x896.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1180x735.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-960x598.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April. \u003ccite>(Frank Schulenburg/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. See Elephant Seals onshore\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-77890 size-medium\">Location: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Año Nuevo State Park\u003c/a>, Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty: \u003c/strong>Moderate (3 – 4 miles; 3 hours round trip)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they spend much of their lives in search of food at sea, \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">elephant seals\u003c/a> come ashore to molt in the summer months. Early July is a great time to see thousands of seals on land, shedding last year’s skin and hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To observe the seals, you’ll need to acquire a free permit at the entrance station, between 8:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Follow the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Año Nuevo Point Trail\u003c/a> to the coast. Along the way, you will cross over sand dunes, through a stand of Monterey pines, and past a five-ton ship hull – all that remains of a schooner that wrecked here in 1913. You may also encounter a variety of \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">birds\u003c/a> and the occasional garter snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-77997 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, just south of Pacifica. At low tide, you can observe anemones, crabs, shellfish and other animals in the rocky tidepools.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/RS6244_Fitzgerald_Montara_8-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, just south of Pacifica. At low tide, you can observe a diversity of colorful animals in the rocky tidepools. \u003ccite>(Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Explore California’s intertidal zone\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-77997 size-medium\">Location\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://parks.smcgov.org/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Preserve\u003c/a>, Moss Beach (San Mateo County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty:\u003c/strong> Easy (less than 1 mile, 1 hour round trip).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s intertidal zone is home to a variety of \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitzgeraldreserve.org/newffmrsite/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/TideZoneGuide1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marine animals\u003c/a>, including snails, barnacles, limpets, crabs, anemones, urchins and sea stars. But these animals are best appreciated at low tide, when the rocky pools are exposed and accessible from the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plan your visit to arrive at the north end of the \u003ca href=\"https://parks.smcgov.org/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fitzgerald Marine Preserve\u003c/a> within an hour of \u003ca href=\"http://www.protides.com/california/2193/2015/07/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">low tide\u003c/a>. If tides are high when you visit, you can still explore the \u003ca href=\"https://parks.smcgov.org/fitzgerald-marine-reserve-trails\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bluff-top trails\u003c/a>, or walk to \u003ca href=\"http://gurmeet.net/hiking/hikes/Low_Tide_Hike_In_Fitzgerald_Marine_Reserve.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pillar Point\u003c/a> for more coastal scenery. The area also has \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unique geology\u003c/a>, including the San Gregorio fault and dramatic curved features called \u003ca href=\"http://parks.smcgov.org/sites/parks.smcgov.org/files/FMR-self-guided-tour.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">synclines\u003c/a>, where rock layers have been folded, bent and eroded with time.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-78094 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-800x536.jpg\" alt=\"View up the Pioneer Tree trail. Many Bay Area redwood groves are found on hilly terrain like this, which provides a different ecosystem than the floodplains that host some more northern coast redwoods. \" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o-960x643.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/2860538793_c0746668f6_o.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View along the Pioneer Tree trail. Most Bay Area redwood groves are found on hilly terrain, which creates a variety of microclimates for other plants and animals. \u003ccite>(KQED Quest)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Enjoy a shady redwood grove\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-78094 size-medium\">Location: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=469\">Samuel P. Taylor State Park\u003c/a>, Lagunitas (Marin County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty:\u003c/strong> Moderate (2.5 miles, 1 – 3 hours)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods are the tallest trees in the world, often exceeding 300 feet. They are also among the most \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/samuel-p-taylor-state-park-exploration/#tabs-15090-0-1%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resilient\u003c/a>. Compared to other trees, redwoods have thick bark with little oil, which makes them less likely to catch fire. They can also absorb water directly from fog, allowing them to survive dry spells with little rainfall. Even so, California’s current drought may be \u003ca href=\"http://berkeleysciencereview.com/article/big-trees-big-trouble/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taking a toll\u003c/a> on these iconic trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit the \u003ca href=\"http://www.redwoodhikes.com/Taylor/Pioneer.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pioneer Tree Trail\u003c/a> for a shady walk through a fern-filled grove of old growth coast redwoods. You can make a loop by including a half mile of the paved \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/469/files/SamuelPTaylorWebBrochure2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cross Marin Trail\u003c/a>, which follows the historic North Pacific Coast Railroad. Afterwards, cool off with a swim in Lagunitas Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-78192 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"One of the labyrinths at the bottom of the quarry at Round Top volcano.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-1440x809.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5010300509_9f498ef041_o-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The labyrinths at the bottom of the quarry at Round Top volcano. \u003ccite>(Stefan Klocek/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Hike into the heart of a volcano\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-78192 size-medium\">Location:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley\">Sibley Volcanic Natural Preserve\u003c/a>, Oakland (Alameda County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty:\u003c/strong> Moderate (2.5 miles, 1 – 3 hours)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ridge above the east bay is home to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/sibley-volcanic-regional-preserve-exploration/\">an ancient volcano\u003c/a>. Now it is one of the highest peaks in the area, but 10 million years ago, Round Top volcano spewed forth most of the lava that underlies the Berkeley hills. Since then, tectonic forces have uplifted the area and forced the volcano on its side. And in recent times, a quarry exposed the very heart of the volcano, exposing its unique geological history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley\">Sibley Volcanic Park\u003c/a> visitor center has a brochure with a self-guided tour that highlights the area’s geology. Hike through a sequence of sedimentary and volcanic rocks on the Round Top loop trail, while enjoying beautiful views of the Bay and Marin County. You can also explore the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Spooky-and-Spiritual-No-one-knows-who-carved-2910155.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mysterious labyrinths\u003c/a> at the bottom of the volcanic quarry. And bring Fido – this hike is dog-friendly.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-78201 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Walking through the tidal marshes at the Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/5675009672_0866d7b0f3_o-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunrise over the tidal marshes at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge. \u003ccite>(Calwhiz/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Spot wetland birds\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong class=\"wp-image-78201 size-medium\">Location: \u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/refuge/don_edwards_san_francisco_bay/\">Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>, Fremont (Santa Clara County)\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Hike Difficulty:\u003c/strong> Easy (1.8 miles, 1 hour)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands provide important habitat to hundreds of species of invertebrates, fish, birds and mammals. They are also one of our most threatened ecosystems: about 85 percent of the bay’s original tidal marshes and shorelines have been developed or altered by humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Don_Edwards_San_Francisco_Bay/about.html\">Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> is the nation’s first urban wildlife refuge, occupying 30,000 acres in the South Bay. Start your tour near the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/refuge/don_edwards_san_francisco_bay/activities.html\">Visitor Center\u003c/a> in Fremont, where you can rent binoculars and family birding packs. Follow the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Headquarterstrailmaps.pdf\">Tidelands Trail\u003c/a> through ponds, sloughs and marshes that are home to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/SF_Bay%20birdlist.pdf\">birds\u003c/a> like herons, plovers, sandpipers and avocets. Feel like going farther? The refuge has over 30 miles of trails, many of which also allow bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Check out QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/\">regional science hikes \u003c/a>for more ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Know other great science-themed hikes? Let us know in the comments!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Electricity Bills Set to Rise for Millions of Californians",
"headTitle": "Electricity Bills Set to Rise for Millions of Californians | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Electricity bills for millions of Californians could be on the rise, depending on what state energy regulators decide on Friday. It would be the most sweeping overhaul of electricity rates in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/puc/\">California Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a> are expected to decide between two competing plans that would change electricity prices for customers of Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities have been pushing for the overhaul, saying current prices don’t spread the cost of power fairly between heavy users and more efficient users. Solar companies, environmentalists and consumer groups have fought back, warning that California’s energy efficiency and renewable energy goals could suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Added Monthly Charge\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In months of debate leading up to Friday’s vote, the main sticking point had been something that may not seem earth-shattering at first glance: whether customers should have a fixed monthly charge on their bill. Utilities had proposed that customers pay $10 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Since the energy crisis back in the early 2000s, tiered rates were put in place to charge customers more as they used more energy. Today, it’s become an outdated way of paying for energy.’\u003ccite> Greg Snapper,PG&E spokesman \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“That’s to help share the cost of basic infrastructure that we all use and depend on – lines, poles, meters and so forth,” said PG&E spokesman Jonathan Marshall in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar companies saw it as a direct attack on their business model, since it makes solar installations less cost-effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A fixed charge does not help solar customers in any way because you can’t avoid it by generating your own electricity,” said Brad Heavner of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seia.org/state-solar-policy/california\">California Solar Energy Industries Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer groups also warned it would affect lower-income customers disproportionately and would make energy efficiency projects less appealing, since they would take longer to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response the fixed charge, PUC Commissioner Mike Florio offered an alternate plan that rejected the fixed charge in favor of a minimum bill amount, where customers would have to pay at least a minimal amount if their bills are close to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Wednesday, the original proposal was amended to reject the fixed charge as well, though it spells out conditions in the future where utilities could request it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Prices on the Rise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Today, some Californians see four different prices of electricity on their bills. A basic level of electricity use is charged at the lowest rate for everyone, which in PG&E territory is 16 cents per kilowatt hour. From there, the prices step up as a customer uses more, up to 33 cents a kilowatt hour. It’s known as tiered pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”sziw2CyjM2LKdjfLsLdGb723gzNWHocy”]“Since the energy crisis back in the early 2000s, tiered rates were put in place to charge customers more as they used more energy,” said Greg Snapper, a PG&E spokesman. “Today, it’s become an outdated way of paying for energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill that set the stage to revamp the tiers. Utilities say that since the energy crisis, the tiers have become skewed because the highest tiers have increased in price, but the lowest tired have remained largely the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the two new electricity rate proposals, the number of tiers would be reduced. The differences between the rates would be flattened as well. That’s expected to save money for the heaviest users of electricity, while those who use the least would see their bills rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the original proposal, there would be two tiers of electricity prices. According to an analysis done by the CPUC’s Office of Ratepayer Advocates before Wednesday’s revisions, 67 percent of customers would see an increase of $20 or more. Numbers have not been released for the revision released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Florio’s alternate plan, the tiers would only be reduced to three prices. In PG&E territory, the change would mean 35 percent of customers would see a monthly bill increase of $10 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some conservation groups don’t see the revised proposal going far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Commission has shown it continues to take orders from the utilities at the expense of the public,” said Evan Gillespie, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://content.sierraclub.org/coal/my-generation\">Sierra Club’s My Generation Campaign\u003c/a>. “The revised decision contains only nominal differences from the original, and continues to punish low energy users, hurt low income families and discourage conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC will decide on the two proposals on Friday. If the five-member commission approves one, it is scheduled to be phased in for customers by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State regulators will overhaul electricity prices at the request of utilities, but environmentalists and consumer advocates worry about the setbacks to solar power and low-income ratepayers. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Electricity bills for millions of Californians could be on the rise, depending on what state energy regulators decide on Friday. It would be the most sweeping overhaul of electricity rates in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/puc/\">California Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a> are expected to decide between two competing plans that would change electricity prices for customers of Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities have been pushing for the overhaul, saying current prices don’t spread the cost of power fairly between heavy users and more efficient users. Solar companies, environmentalists and consumer groups have fought back, warning that California’s energy efficiency and renewable energy goals could suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Added Monthly Charge\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In months of debate leading up to Friday’s vote, the main sticking point had been something that may not seem earth-shattering at first glance: whether customers should have a fixed monthly charge on their bill. Utilities had proposed that customers pay $10 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Since the energy crisis back in the early 2000s, tiered rates were put in place to charge customers more as they used more energy. Today, it’s become an outdated way of paying for energy.’\u003ccite> Greg Snapper,PG&E spokesman \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“That’s to help share the cost of basic infrastructure that we all use and depend on – lines, poles, meters and so forth,” said PG&E spokesman Jonathan Marshall in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar companies saw it as a direct attack on their business model, since it makes solar installations less cost-effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A fixed charge does not help solar customers in any way because you can’t avoid it by generating your own electricity,” said Brad Heavner of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seia.org/state-solar-policy/california\">California Solar Energy Industries Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer groups also warned it would affect lower-income customers disproportionately and would make energy efficiency projects less appealing, since they would take longer to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response the fixed charge, PUC Commissioner Mike Florio offered an alternate plan that rejected the fixed charge in favor of a minimum bill amount, where customers would have to pay at least a minimal amount if their bills are close to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Wednesday, the original proposal was amended to reject the fixed charge as well, though it spells out conditions in the future where utilities could request it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Prices on the Rise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Today, some Californians see four different prices of electricity on their bills. A basic level of electricity use is charged at the lowest rate for everyone, which in PG&E territory is 16 cents per kilowatt hour. From there, the prices step up as a customer uses more, up to 33 cents a kilowatt hour. It’s known as tiered pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“Since the energy crisis back in the early 2000s, tiered rates were put in place to charge customers more as they used more energy,” said Greg Snapper, a PG&E spokesman. “Today, it’s become an outdated way of paying for energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill that set the stage to revamp the tiers. Utilities say that since the energy crisis, the tiers have become skewed because the highest tiers have increased in price, but the lowest tired have remained largely the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the two new electricity rate proposals, the number of tiers would be reduced. The differences between the rates would be flattened as well. That’s expected to save money for the heaviest users of electricity, while those who use the least would see their bills rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the original proposal, there would be two tiers of electricity prices. According to an analysis done by the CPUC’s Office of Ratepayer Advocates before Wednesday’s revisions, 67 percent of customers would see an increase of $20 or more. Numbers have not been released for the revision released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Florio’s alternate plan, the tiers would only be reduced to three prices. In PG&E territory, the change would mean 35 percent of customers would see a monthly bill increase of $10 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some conservation groups don’t see the revised proposal going far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Commission has shown it continues to take orders from the utilities at the expense of the public,” said Evan Gillespie, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://content.sierraclub.org/coal/my-generation\">Sierra Club’s My Generation Campaign\u003c/a>. “The revised decision contains only nominal differences from the original, and continues to punish low energy users, hurt low income families and discourage conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC will decide on the two proposals on Friday. If the five-member commission approves one, it is scheduled to be phased in for customers by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Island Gets a Facelift With a Little Help From the Tides",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sea level and boat traffic are both on the rise in San Francisco Bay, and they are making big waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, rougher water in the Bay doesn’t just make ferry rides more exciting. It also\u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/26084-climate-change-to-claim-san-francisco-marshes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> erodes our remaining tidal marshes\u003c/a>, and fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tidal marshes in the Bay Area are receding, sometimes as quickly as three feet each year. These wetlands provide important habitat for endangered plants and animals, and may also be\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> key defenses against sea level rise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We feed the beach the material it needs, and then [the ocean] moves it around to the right places.’\u003ccite> Ecologist Peter Baye\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Protecting the remaining undeveloped shoreline is a real challenge, but a team of ecologists and engineers in Marin County have tried a radical new strategy that seems to be working–they’ve engineered a beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marincountyparks.org/depts/pk/our-work/parks-main-projects/aramburu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aramburu island\u003c/a> in Richardson Bay is a small man-made island built in the 1960s with waste materials from canal dredging and home development on nearby Strawberry Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last 45 years, the eastern shore of the island has eroded over 130 feet. Further erosion of the island might expose many Mill Valley homes to waves crossing the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team sought to engineer a new beach on the east side of Aramburu that would mimic the gravel barriers that naturally fringe tidal marshes in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rather than design the island to very precise specifications, the team wanted to build a more resilient beach that could stand up to natural processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX60704375\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX60704375\">“Self-assembly was really the construction premise: we feed the beach the material it needs, and then [the ocean] moves it around to the right places,” explained Peter Baye, \u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX174105577\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX174105577\">an ecologist who co-led the project design, along with Marin county engineer Roger Leventhal\u003c/span>\u003c/span>.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63204\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-63204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"The team examines the eroded east side of Aramburu island, prior to the enhancement project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The team examines the eroded east side of Aramburu island, prior to the enhancement project. \u003ccite>(Peter Baye)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-image-10568399 size-thumbnail\">So, in the summer of 2011, they started cutting back the eroded, unstable slopes on the island’s east side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They built a ramp with gravel, sand, oyster shell hash,and eucalyptus logs, most of which were recycled waste from local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size and shape of these materials closely matched the Bay’s natural beaches, where c\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX60704375\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX60704375\">oarser items like larger rocks and driftwood help trap finer sediments.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568399\">They then let nature take its course to reshape the materials into complex beach features along the shoreline. They also removed the weeds that had overrun the island and replaced them with over 36,000 native, salt-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years later, the results have exceeded expectations. The rapid erosion of the east side of the island has stopped, and the Bay’s first engineered beach is holding up against winter storms and continual increases in waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New tidal marshes, meadows and salt flats have also burgeoned along the west side of the island, and this new habitat has attracted huge numbers of birds. Since 2011, the number of birds observed on the island has nearly doubled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63206\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-63206\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-400x268.jpg\" alt=\"Black Oyster Catcher chicks hatched on Aramburu Island, June 2014.\" width=\"400\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-1440x965.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-1180x791.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black Oyster Catcher chicks hatched on Aramburu Island, June 2014. \u003ccite>(Kerry Wilcox / Audubon CA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX14684207\">“It’s created beautiful new beaches, which are perfect habitat for resting shorebirds and \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"SpellingError SCX14684207\">waterbirds,” says Kerry Wilcox, the \u003c/span>\u003c/span>Waterbird Program Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://richardsonbay.audubon.org/aramburu-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richardson Bay Audubon Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, w\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX14684207\">e’ve even seen successful nesting of black oyster catchers for the first time ever, as far as we know, in this part of the bay.”\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX221449534\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568382\"> “It’s a little out of the box,” says \u003ca href=\"http://biology.sfsu.edu/people/katharyn-boyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Katharyn Boyer\u003c/a>, a biology professor at San Francisco State University, who was not involved in the project design. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX221449534\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568382\">“A lot of people like me are really watching closely to see how this goes,” she adds, “but I think it’s proving to be an excellent model for the future.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sea level and boat traffic are both on the rise in San Francisco Bay, and they are making big waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, rougher water in the Bay doesn’t just make ferry rides more exciting. It also\u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/26084-climate-change-to-claim-san-francisco-marshes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> erodes our remaining tidal marshes\u003c/a>, and fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tidal marshes in the Bay Area are receding, sometimes as quickly as three feet each year. These wetlands provide important habitat for endangered plants and animals, and may also be\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> key defenses against sea level rise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We feed the beach the material it needs, and then [the ocean] moves it around to the right places.’\u003ccite> Ecologist Peter Baye\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Protecting the remaining undeveloped shoreline is a real challenge, but a team of ecologists and engineers in Marin County have tried a radical new strategy that seems to be working–they’ve engineered a beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marincountyparks.org/depts/pk/our-work/parks-main-projects/aramburu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aramburu island\u003c/a> in Richardson Bay is a small man-made island built in the 1960s with waste materials from canal dredging and home development on nearby Strawberry Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last 45 years, the eastern shore of the island has eroded over 130 feet. Further erosion of the island might expose many Mill Valley homes to waves crossing the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team sought to engineer a new beach on the east side of Aramburu that would mimic the gravel barriers that naturally fringe tidal marshes in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rather than design the island to very precise specifications, the team wanted to build a more resilient beach that could stand up to natural processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX60704375\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX60704375\">“Self-assembly was really the construction premise: we feed the beach the material it needs, and then [the ocean] moves it around to the right places,” explained Peter Baye, \u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX174105577\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX174105577\">an ecologist who co-led the project design, along with Marin county engineer Roger Leventhal\u003c/span>\u003c/span>.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63204\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-63204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"The team examines the eroded east side of Aramburu island, prior to the enhancement project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/P5270454.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The team examines the eroded east side of Aramburu island, prior to the enhancement project. \u003ccite>(Peter Baye)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-image-10568399 size-thumbnail\">So, in the summer of 2011, they started cutting back the eroded, unstable slopes on the island’s east side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They built a ramp with gravel, sand, oyster shell hash,and eucalyptus logs, most of which were recycled waste from local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size and shape of these materials closely matched the Bay’s natural beaches, where c\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX60704375\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX60704375\">oarser items like larger rocks and driftwood help trap finer sediments.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568399\">They then let nature take its course to reshape the materials into complex beach features along the shoreline. They also removed the weeds that had overrun the island and replaced them with over 36,000 native, salt-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years later, the results have exceeded expectations. The rapid erosion of the east side of the island has stopped, and the Bay’s first engineered beach is holding up against winter storms and continual increases in waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New tidal marshes, meadows and salt flats have also burgeoned along the west side of the island, and this new habitat has attracted huge numbers of birds. Since 2011, the number of birds observed on the island has nearly doubled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63206\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-63206\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-400x268.jpg\" alt=\"Black Oyster Catcher chicks hatched on Aramburu Island, June 2014.\" width=\"400\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-1440x965.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-1180x791.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/BLOYchicks-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black Oyster Catcher chicks hatched on Aramburu Island, June 2014. \u003ccite>(Kerry Wilcox / Audubon CA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX14684207\">“It’s created beautiful new beaches, which are perfect habitat for resting shorebirds and \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"SpellingError SCX14684207\">waterbirds,” says Kerry Wilcox, the \u003c/span>\u003c/span>Waterbird Program Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://richardsonbay.audubon.org/aramburu-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richardson Bay Audubon Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, w\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX14684207\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCX14684207\">e’ve even seen successful nesting of black oyster catchers for the first time ever, as far as we know, in this part of the bay.”\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX221449534\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568382\"> “It’s a little out of the box,” says \u003ca href=\"http://biology.sfsu.edu/people/katharyn-boyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Katharyn Boyer\u003c/a>, a biology professor at San Francisco State University, who was not involved in the project design. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"TextRun SCX221449534\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u003cspan class=\"size-medium wp-image-10568382\">“A lot of people like me are really watching closely to see how this goes,” she adds, “but I think it’s proving to be an excellent model for the future.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California cities hit record conservation during the drought after cutting water use 29 percent in May, according to data released by a state agency Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators hope the savings last through summer as California communities are under order to cut water use by 25 percent compared to 2013 levels. Gov. Jerry Brown announced his mandatory conservation order in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”kiPVduRmeheSUZVo2td0K3nNgzEWmC7P”]Felicia Marcus, chairwoman of the State Water Resources Control Board enforcing Brown’s order, said the results show it’s possible to meet steep conservation targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s gratifying that far more communities are stepping up and we want to see this much more through the summer,” Marcus said. “It ends up putting off the need for much harsher rationing which has greater impacts on people and the economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The May water savings were the best showing since the state started tracking conservation last year. It followed several months of tepid conservation, 13.5 percent in April and 4 percent in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June is the first month that water districts must meet mandatory water restrictions that range from 4 to 36 percent. This month, the water board will see how water districts are doing and some could face fines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation data is self-reported by California water departments and includes residential and business consumption. All regions of the state showed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The southern coast, which includes Los Angeles and San Diego, conserved 25 percent in May after months of tepid savings. Sacramento and its surrounding suburbs were the state’s top performer, cutting water use nearly 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation may have been skewed by rain in parts of the state, which reduces the need to water lawns. Regulators have been encouraging Californians to let their lawns go dry this summer as the easiest way to save large amounts of water and maintain local supplies if the drought continues.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California cities hit record conservation during the drought after cutting water use 29 percent in May, according to data released by a state agency Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators hope the savings last through summer as California communities are under order to cut water use by 25 percent compared to 2013 levels. Gov. Jerry Brown announced his mandatory conservation order in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Felicia Marcus, chairwoman of the State Water Resources Control Board enforcing Brown’s order, said the results show it’s possible to meet steep conservation targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s gratifying that far more communities are stepping up and we want to see this much more through the summer,” Marcus said. “It ends up putting off the need for much harsher rationing which has greater impacts on people and the economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The May water savings were the best showing since the state started tracking conservation last year. It followed several months of tepid conservation, 13.5 percent in April and 4 percent in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June is the first month that water districts must meet mandatory water restrictions that range from 4 to 36 percent. This month, the water board will see how water districts are doing and some could face fines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation data is self-reported by California water departments and includes residential and business consumption. All regions of the state showed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The southern coast, which includes Los Angeles and San Diego, conserved 25 percent in May after months of tepid savings. Sacramento and its surrounding suburbs were the state’s top performer, cutting water use nearly 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation may have been skewed by rain in parts of the state, which reduces the need to water lawns. Regulators have been encouraging Californians to let their lawns go dry this summer as the easiest way to save large amounts of water and maintain local supplies if the drought continues.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you’ve been following the drama unfolding in the early evening sky over the past week, you may have seen two brilliant luminaries, planets Venus and Jupiter, getting closer together, night by night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have not been hallucinating, and we’re not under attack by alien spacecraft!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venus and Jupiter are engaged in a rare close conjunction, something you don’t want to miss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonight is the night they will be closest to each other—about a third of a degree apart—less than the width of the full moon!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”g8IYD5aL5cScRoCBqNAYXr5NmoPxT1Ot”]Venus is the brighter one, Jupiter the more distant, though still stunningly bright, partner in this dance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find them, you need only look west after sunset—assuming there are clear skies and an unobstructed horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the glow of twilight, each of these planets is bright enough to be seen, and together more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planetary conjunctions are not particularly rare. Get-togethers by any two of the visible planets occur periodically as the planets go through their orbital cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is rare in this conjunction is how close Jupiter and Venus will get—as well as the fact that these two are the brightest planets in Earth’s skies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spectacle will be, well, spectacular to the casual gazer—no telescopes required! But, if you happen to have a pair of binoculars, or better still, a small telescope, it only gets better. A small telescope can reveal some breathtaking details of these two planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jupiter’s four large Galilean moons can be seen in a line across Jupiter’s disk—and if the telescope is powerful enough, you might glimpse some of Jupiter’s cloud belts, or its famous Great Red Spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venus, being closer to the sun than the Earth, goes through a cycle of phases like our Moon, and is currently in a crescent phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Try seeing Jupiter’s moons and Venus’ crescent in a single telescope view at any other time—you can’t!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venus and Jupiter will set around 11 p.m. PDT—sooner if your western horizon is obstructed by trees or buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enjoy the spectacle!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find them, you need only look west after sunset—assuming there are clear skies and an unobstructed horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the glow of twilight, each of these planets is bright enough to be seen, and together more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planetary conjunctions are not particularly rare. Get-togethers by any two of the visible planets occur periodically as the planets go through their orbital cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is rare in this conjunction is how close Jupiter and Venus will get—as well as the fact that these two are the brightest planets in Earth’s skies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spectacle will be, well, spectacular to the casual gazer—no telescopes required! But, if you happen to have a pair of binoculars, or better still, a small telescope, it only gets better. A small telescope can reveal some breathtaking details of these two planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jupiter’s four large Galilean moons can be seen in a line across Jupiter’s disk—and if the telescope is powerful enough, you might glimpse some of Jupiter’s cloud belts, or its famous Great Red Spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venus, being closer to the sun than the Earth, goes through a cycle of phases like our Moon, and is currently in a crescent phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Try seeing Jupiter’s moons and Venus’ crescent in a single telescope view at any other time—you can’t!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venus and Jupiter will set around 11 p.m. PDT—sooner if your western horizon is obstructed by trees or buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enjoy the spectacle!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Supreme Court Blocks Obama Administration Plan On Power Plant Emissions",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme court has ruled against an Obama administration effort to limit toxic mercury emissions from power plants, saying the costs of compliance with regulation should be taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 5-4 decision, the court sided with industry and 23 states that challenged the Environmental Protection Agency over the rules for oil- and coal-fired utilities, which the EPA estimated would cost $9.6 billion dollars annually. The states and industry groups said the cost estimate far outweighed the benefits the rules would produce, estimated at $4 million to $6 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courts majority agreed, saying the EPA interpreted the regulation “unreasonably when it deemed cost irrelevant to the decision to regulate power plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Nina Totenberg \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/03/25/395106455/obama-administration-emissions-rules-face-supreme-court-test\">has this background\u003c/a> on the case, \u003cem>Michigan v. Environmental Protection Agency:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The regulations have been in the works for nearly two decades. Work on them began in the Clinton administration, got derailed in the George W. Bush administration, and then were revived and adopted in the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The regulations were subsequently upheld by a federal appeals court in Washington, D.C., last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They stem from 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, which ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to expedite limits on power plant emissions of mercury and 188 other dangerous air pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mercury is considered one of the most toxic pollutants because studies show that when it falls from the atmosphere, it readily passes from fish and other sources to a pregnant woman’s unborn fetus and the fetal brain, causing neurological abnormalities and delays in children. The EPA estimated that 7 percent of American women of childbearing age — millions of women — were being exposed to the pollutant in dangerous amounts.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+Blocks+Obama+Administration+Plan+On+Power+Plant+Emissions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme court has ruled against an Obama administration effort to limit toxic mercury emissions from power plants, saying the costs of compliance with regulation should be taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 5-4 decision, the court sided with industry and 23 states that challenged the Environmental Protection Agency over the rules for oil- and coal-fired utilities, which the EPA estimated would cost $9.6 billion dollars annually. The states and industry groups said the cost estimate far outweighed the benefits the rules would produce, estimated at $4 million to $6 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courts majority agreed, saying the EPA interpreted the regulation “unreasonably when it deemed cost irrelevant to the decision to regulate power plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Nina Totenberg \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/03/25/395106455/obama-administration-emissions-rules-face-supreme-court-test\">has this background\u003c/a> on the case, \u003cem>Michigan v. Environmental Protection Agency:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The regulations have been in the works for nearly two decades. Work on them began in the Clinton administration, got derailed in the George W. Bush administration, and then were revived and adopted in the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The regulations were subsequently upheld by a federal appeals court in Washington, D.C., last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They stem from 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, which ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to expedite limits on power plant emissions of mercury and 188 other dangerous air pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mercury is considered one of the most toxic pollutants because studies show that when it falls from the atmosphere, it readily passes from fish and other sources to a pregnant woman’s unborn fetus and the fetal brain, causing neurological abnormalities and delays in children. The EPA estimated that 7 percent of American women of childbearing age — millions of women — were being exposed to the pollutant in dangerous amounts.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+Blocks+Obama+Administration+Plan+On+Power+Plant+Emissions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Parched California Farmers Hope to Tap Wastewater From Cities",
"headTitle": "Parched California Farmers Hope to Tap Wastewater From Cities | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/Science_Water_Recycling.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing record-low water supplies and a dry summer ahead, some California farmers are getting creative in looking for new sources of water. In one community, they’re planning to buy water from cities — after it’s already been used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through flushing toilets and running faucets, the city of Modesto produces millions of gallons of wastewater a day, just a stone’s throw from some of the driest agricultural areas in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As long as it’s wet, it’s water and it’s valuable.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Will Wong, city of Modesto\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a few years, that wastewater — treated and disinfected — could flow to farms in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanislauslafco.org/info/PDF/SOI/Districts/DelPuertoWD.pdf\">Del Puerto Water District\u003c/a>, in what would be the largest urban-to-agriculture water recycling project in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can’t go fast enough,” says Anthea Hansen, who runs the Del Puerto Water District. “Any water would be welcomed at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason is right outside her office window. “This field across the street is about 350 acres,” Hansen says, looking out at bare ground. “This land would typically be farmed in, probably, tomatoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A quarter of the district’s 45,000 acres are fallowed this year, but half of the district is planted in permanent crops, like almonds, that require water every year to stay alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Crazy’ wouldn’t adequately describe what we’re going through here,” Hansen says. “Having zero water available, we’ve been in survival and crisis mode for, literally, 24 months now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77772\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77772\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto.jpg\" alt=\"A quarter of farm fields in the Del Puerto Water District are fallowed this year.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-400x229.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-800x458.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-1440x825.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-1180x676.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-960x550.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A quarter of farm fields in the Del Puerto Water District are fallowed this year. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hansen’s district relies entirely on water from federal reservoirs in the state, through the Central Valley Project. But with record-low snowpack during the drought, that supply has been cut off completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district doesn’t have water rights to local rivers, and lacks groundwater to pump, as many other agricultural areas have turned to doing this year. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/23/some-california-farmers-fallow-fields-others-sell-water-for-big-profits/\">Buying water\u003c/a> on the open market has been Hansen’s only option, but prices have gone through the roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Drought-Proof Supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even during the drought, around 240,000 Modesto residents produce a steady stream of water — in the form of sewage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water is water,” says Will Wong, engineering division manager for the city of Modesto. “As long as it’s wet, it’s water and it’s valuable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s wastewater treatment plant is undergoing a $150 million upgrade to meet new water quality requirements. Currently, most of its wastewater is discharged into the San Joaquin River, and to protect the river, the city is being required to meet higher, “tertiary,” standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77773\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77773\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3.jpg\" alt=\"New filtering equipment is installed at the Modesto wastewater treament plant, part of a $150 million upgrade.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-1440x900.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New filtering equipment is being installed at the Modesto wastewater treatment plant, part of a $150 million upgrade. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The nice thing is that we have technology on our side here,” Wong says, “to take water that has some solids and whatnot, and essentially strip everything away and bring back pure water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New equipment will filter and disinfect the wastewater with ultraviolet light. It won’t be drinking water quality, but, according to state standards, it’ll be clean enough to use on crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what’s called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nvr-recycledwater.org/\">North Valley Regional Recycled Water Program\u003c/a>, the Del Puerto Water District would construct a six-mile, $100 million pipeline to carry the wastewater from the city to the Delta Mendota Canal. From there, it would go to the district’s farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really, really, really, truly hope that we can bring it across the line because it will be a model for others,” Hansen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water would be expensive for farmers, four to five times normal prices, but Hansen says that’s the cost of reliability. Growers like Jim Jasper are more than willing to pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When something like this comes up, you don’t have to think about it twice,” says Jasper, who owns Stewart & Jasper Orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“There’s absolutely more potential for recycled water use in California.”\u003ccite>Heather Cooley, Pacific Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> “Most farmers are internal optimists and I like to be optimistic,” Jasper says, “but without something like this, the future for my son and grandson and family — we’re into this third generation — I don’t know if we can keep our business going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water would meet about one-third of the water district’s “hardened” demand, or the minimal supply it can get by on. The cities of Turlock and Ceres are also looking at joining the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Recycling on the Rise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Other agricultural areas are taking notice, as they face their own drought shortfalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s absolutely more potential for recycled water use in California,” says Heather Cooley of the Pacific Institute, a non-profit water think tank in Oakland. According to her \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/ca-water-supply-solutions/\">analysis\u003c/a>, California could be using two to three times more recycled water for many purposes, including urban landscape and golf course irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recycling urban wastewater in coastal cities would have added benefits, she says. When wastewater is discharged into the ocean, it creates pollution problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”aQvcv7vl2ZQvV94UBJ1YzNZnE2UqDnYU”]But in inland areas, treated wastewater is usually released into rivers, so removing that source of water from the river by recycling it could impact the river itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to understand where that water would have gone,” Cooley says. “Is it providing important environmental flows? Is it providing water to a downstream community such that if you’re recycling it, there’s no longer water for that community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Challenges From Other Farmers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two agricultural water districts are protesting the North Valley Regional Recycled Water Program, saying it could harm the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands Water District, the largest irrigation district in the country, is challenging the project for its possible effects on the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river is used so heavily by the region that it \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/24/california-drought-one-more-setback-for-river-that-runs-dry/\">runs completely dry\u003c/a> in some years. As a result, minimal standards have been put in place to ensure enough water is flowing to protect water quality and the endangered salmon that use the river. When those standards aren’t met, water pumping to local irrigation districts must be slowed down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wastewater from Modesto and Turlock makes up only a tiny fraction of the overall flow of the San Joaquin River, but Westlands would rather see it go into the river, instead of being recycled, to help meet water quality standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77876\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77876\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6.jpg\" alt=\"A six-mile pipeline would connect Modesto's wastewater treament plant to a canal that reaches Del Puerto Water District's farms.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-400x229.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-800x458.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-1440x825.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-1180x676.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-960x550.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A six-mile pipeline would connect Modesto’s wastewater treament plant to a canal that reaches Del Puerto Water District’s farms. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In terms of San Joaquin River flow, we are at a point where every acre-foot is important,” Tom Birmingham, General Manager of Westlands Water District, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Turlock Irrigation District say they’d rather see the wastewater used to replenish local groundwater, and to combat overpumping in the area. The City of Turlock relies on groundwater for its water supply, and after it’s treated, it’s discharged into the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycled water is the primary source of water available to help achieve groundwater sustainability,” Calvin Curtin, spokesman for the Turlock Irrigation District, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>No Silver Bullet\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Recycled wastewater projects are currently used in Monterey and Sonoma Counties, where urban areas are close to farm fields. But much of the Central Valley is far from large urban areas, and moving wastewater long distances quickly becomes cost-prohibitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the single silver bullet solution for agriculture,” Cooley says. “Agriculture is going to have to do a lot of things to adapt to a future of less water availability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Del Puerto Water District, farmers see water recycling as a way to survive that future. The project still needs a range of permits from local and state authorities, but if it’s approved, the taps could open up in just three years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/Science_Water_Recycling.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing record-low water supplies and a dry summer ahead, some California farmers are getting creative in looking for new sources of water. In one community, they’re planning to buy water from cities — after it’s already been used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through flushing toilets and running faucets, the city of Modesto produces millions of gallons of wastewater a day, just a stone’s throw from some of the driest agricultural areas in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As long as it’s wet, it’s water and it’s valuable.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Will Wong, city of Modesto\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a few years, that wastewater — treated and disinfected — could flow to farms in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanislauslafco.org/info/PDF/SOI/Districts/DelPuertoWD.pdf\">Del Puerto Water District\u003c/a>, in what would be the largest urban-to-agriculture water recycling project in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can’t go fast enough,” says Anthea Hansen, who runs the Del Puerto Water District. “Any water would be welcomed at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason is right outside her office window. “This field across the street is about 350 acres,” Hansen says, looking out at bare ground. “This land would typically be farmed in, probably, tomatoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A quarter of the district’s 45,000 acres are fallowed this year, but half of the district is planted in permanent crops, like almonds, that require water every year to stay alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Crazy’ wouldn’t adequately describe what we’re going through here,” Hansen says. “Having zero water available, we’ve been in survival and crisis mode for, literally, 24 months now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77772\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77772\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto.jpg\" alt=\"A quarter of farm fields in the Del Puerto Water District are fallowed this year.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-400x229.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-800x458.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-1440x825.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-1180x676.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/DelPuerto-960x550.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A quarter of farm fields in the Del Puerto Water District are fallowed this year. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hansen’s district relies entirely on water from federal reservoirs in the state, through the Central Valley Project. But with record-low snowpack during the drought, that supply has been cut off completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district doesn’t have water rights to local rivers, and lacks groundwater to pump, as many other agricultural areas have turned to doing this year. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/23/some-california-farmers-fallow-fields-others-sell-water-for-big-profits/\">Buying water\u003c/a> on the open market has been Hansen’s only option, but prices have gone through the roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Drought-Proof Supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even during the drought, around 240,000 Modesto residents produce a steady stream of water — in the form of sewage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water is water,” says Will Wong, engineering division manager for the city of Modesto. “As long as it’s wet, it’s water and it’s valuable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s wastewater treatment plant is undergoing a $150 million upgrade to meet new water quality requirements. Currently, most of its wastewater is discharged into the San Joaquin River, and to protect the river, the city is being required to meet higher, “tertiary,” standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77773\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77773\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3.jpg\" alt=\"New filtering equipment is installed at the Modesto wastewater treament plant, part of a $150 million upgrade.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-1440x900.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wastewater3-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New filtering equipment is being installed at the Modesto wastewater treatment plant, part of a $150 million upgrade. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The nice thing is that we have technology on our side here,” Wong says, “to take water that has some solids and whatnot, and essentially strip everything away and bring back pure water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New equipment will filter and disinfect the wastewater with ultraviolet light. It won’t be drinking water quality, but, according to state standards, it’ll be clean enough to use on crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what’s called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nvr-recycledwater.org/\">North Valley Regional Recycled Water Program\u003c/a>, the Del Puerto Water District would construct a six-mile, $100 million pipeline to carry the wastewater from the city to the Delta Mendota Canal. From there, it would go to the district’s farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really, really, really, truly hope that we can bring it across the line because it will be a model for others,” Hansen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water would be expensive for farmers, four to five times normal prices, but Hansen says that’s the cost of reliability. Growers like Jim Jasper are more than willing to pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When something like this comes up, you don’t have to think about it twice,” says Jasper, who owns Stewart & Jasper Orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“There’s absolutely more potential for recycled water use in California.”\u003ccite>Heather Cooley, Pacific Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> “Most farmers are internal optimists and I like to be optimistic,” Jasper says, “but without something like this, the future for my son and grandson and family — we’re into this third generation — I don’t know if we can keep our business going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water would meet about one-third of the water district’s “hardened” demand, or the minimal supply it can get by on. The cities of Turlock and Ceres are also looking at joining the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Recycling on the Rise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Other agricultural areas are taking notice, as they face their own drought shortfalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s absolutely more potential for recycled water use in California,” says Heather Cooley of the Pacific Institute, a non-profit water think tank in Oakland. According to her \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/ca-water-supply-solutions/\">analysis\u003c/a>, California could be using two to three times more recycled water for many purposes, including urban landscape and golf course irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recycling urban wastewater in coastal cities would have added benefits, she says. When wastewater is discharged into the ocean, it creates pollution problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But in inland areas, treated wastewater is usually released into rivers, so removing that source of water from the river by recycling it could impact the river itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to understand where that water would have gone,” Cooley says. “Is it providing important environmental flows? Is it providing water to a downstream community such that if you’re recycling it, there’s no longer water for that community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Challenges From Other Farmers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two agricultural water districts are protesting the North Valley Regional Recycled Water Program, saying it could harm the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands Water District, the largest irrigation district in the country, is challenging the project for its possible effects on the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river is used so heavily by the region that it \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/24/california-drought-one-more-setback-for-river-that-runs-dry/\">runs completely dry\u003c/a> in some years. As a result, minimal standards have been put in place to ensure enough water is flowing to protect water quality and the endangered salmon that use the river. When those standards aren’t met, water pumping to local irrigation districts must be slowed down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wastewater from Modesto and Turlock makes up only a tiny fraction of the overall flow of the San Joaquin River, but Westlands would rather see it go into the river, instead of being recycled, to help meet water quality standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77876\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77876\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6.jpg\" alt=\"A six-mile pipeline would connect Modesto's wastewater treament plant to a canal that reaches Del Puerto Water District's farms.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-400x229.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-800x458.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-1440x825.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-1180x676.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/wasterwater6-960x550.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A six-mile pipeline would connect Modesto’s wastewater treament plant to a canal that reaches Del Puerto Water District’s farms. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In terms of San Joaquin River flow, we are at a point where every acre-foot is important,” Tom Birmingham, General Manager of Westlands Water District, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Turlock Irrigation District say they’d rather see the wastewater used to replenish local groundwater, and to combat overpumping in the area. The City of Turlock relies on groundwater for its water supply, and after it’s treated, it’s discharged into the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycled water is the primary source of water available to help achieve groundwater sustainability,” Calvin Curtin, spokesman for the Turlock Irrigation District, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>No Silver Bullet\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Recycled wastewater projects are currently used in Monterey and Sonoma Counties, where urban areas are close to farm fields. But much of the Central Valley is far from large urban areas, and moving wastewater long distances quickly becomes cost-prohibitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the single silver bullet solution for agriculture,” Cooley says. “Agriculture is going to have to do a lot of things to adapt to a future of less water availability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Del Puerto Water District, farmers see water recycling as a way to survive that future. The project still needs a range of permits from local and state authorities, but if it’s approved, the taps could open up in just three years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "San Francisco Ordered to Stop Using Century-Old Water Rights",
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"content": "\u003cp>State water managers have ordered the city of San Francisco to stop taking water from the Tuolumne River, restricting some of the city’s senior water rights. The orders are part of a larger effort by the state to limit water use from thousands of water rights holders, in order to manage dwindling supplies during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an historic moment for San Francisco, whose \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/11/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought/\">early water rights \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/02/a-new-stronger-tunnel-to-bring-hetch-hetchy-water-to-bay-area/\">exclusive water system\u003c/a> has kept the city out of the water battles that have plagued most of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city says it may choose to fight the cuts and take legal action, as other senior water rights holders \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/15/court-battles-loom-over-challenge-to-state-water-rights/\">have recently done\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Hetch Hetchy system stretches more than 100 miles into the high Sierra Nevada, where pristine water is captured from the Tuolumne River in the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/\">built inside Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>. It serves \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">more than a million residents\u003c/a> in San Francisco and other water districts on the Peninsula and the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n“We’ll be taking the appropriate action to protect our water rights.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steve Ritchie, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy water users aren’t expected to see any short term impacts, because the reservoir is fuller than most others in California, and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission can continue to draw on that water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our reservoir was as full as it was going to get already,” said Steve Ritchie, assistant general manager for water for the SFPUC. “We have plenty of water in storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC is still waiting to see the order from the State Water Resources Control Board to gauge the volume of water affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bigger issue for us is not the practical effect of curtailment, but the legality and precedence issues represented by it,” said Ritchie. “We may choose to file legal action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several lawsuits have already been filed by senior water rights holders who are\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/15/court-battles-loom-over-challenge-to-state-water-rights/\"> challenging the state water board’s authority\u003c/a> to cut their rights. Questions have been raised about whether the orders are actual “cease and desist” orders that must be followed, or are simply advisories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has several more water rights going back to 1901 that have not been curtailed, but could be in coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As supplies continue to decline through the summer, it is expected that more senior rights will be impacted by limited water availability,” the State Water Resources Control Board said in its release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be taking the appropriate action to protect our water rights,” Ritchie said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The city says it may take legal action to stop the cuts to its historic senior water rights.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State water managers have ordered the city of San Francisco to stop taking water from the Tuolumne River, restricting some of the city’s senior water rights. The orders are part of a larger effort by the state to limit water use from thousands of water rights holders, in order to manage dwindling supplies during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an historic moment for San Francisco, whose \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/11/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought/\">early water rights \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/02/a-new-stronger-tunnel-to-bring-hetch-hetchy-water-to-bay-area/\">exclusive water system\u003c/a> has kept the city out of the water battles that have plagued most of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city says it may choose to fight the cuts and take legal action, as other senior water rights holders \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/15/court-battles-loom-over-challenge-to-state-water-rights/\">have recently done\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Hetch Hetchy system stretches more than 100 miles into the high Sierra Nevada, where pristine water is captured from the Tuolumne River in the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/\">built inside Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>. It serves \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">more than a million residents\u003c/a> in San Francisco and other water districts on the Peninsula and the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n“We’ll be taking the appropriate action to protect our water rights.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Steve Ritchie, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Hetch Hetchy water users aren’t expected to see any short term impacts, because the reservoir is fuller than most others in California, and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission can continue to draw on that water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our reservoir was as full as it was going to get already,” said Steve Ritchie, assistant general manager for water for the SFPUC. “We have plenty of water in storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC is still waiting to see the order from the State Water Resources Control Board to gauge the volume of water affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bigger issue for us is not the practical effect of curtailment, but the legality and precedence issues represented by it,” said Ritchie. “We may choose to file legal action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several lawsuits have already been filed by senior water rights holders who are\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/15/court-battles-loom-over-challenge-to-state-water-rights/\"> challenging the state water board’s authority\u003c/a> to cut their rights. Questions have been raised about whether the orders are actual “cease and desist” orders that must be followed, or are simply advisories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has several more water rights going back to 1901 that have not been curtailed, but could be in coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As supplies continue to decline through the summer, it is expected that more senior rights will be impacted by limited water availability,” the State Water Resources Control Board said in its release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be taking the appropriate action to protect our water rights,” Ritchie said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
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},
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"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
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"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
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"Any Cuisine"
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},
"restaurantDataById": {},
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"userAgentReducer": {
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"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
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}
}
