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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have long held out hope that major earthquakes might be predictable from their “foreshocks” — the smaller tremors that often occur right before a major quake. But a new study suggests that the foreshock theory is, well, shaky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, some scientists thought tremors that preceded a 1999 \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_%C4%B0zmit_earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earthquake near Izmit, Turkey\u003c/a> might prove that foreshocks are warnings of bigger quakes to come, due to the way geologic events played out miles below the surface. But new and expanded analysis of seismographic data from that magnitude 7.6 event shows no connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the foreshocks — the earthquakes that preceded it — were no different than ordinary earthquakes,” says geophysicist Bill Ellsworth, who \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/press/view/21149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led the study\u003c/a> for Stanford. “There were no characteristics that impending signs of an earthquake about to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems to reiterate the standard position,” says \u003ca href=\"https://websites.pmc.ucsc.edu/~seisweb/emily_brodsky/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emily Brodsky\u003c/a>, who studies earthquake prediction at UC Santa Cruz.” Brodsky points out that while about half of big earthquakes have “observable foreshocks,” only about 5 percent of earthquakes turn out to be foreshocks. (The trouble with any precursor quakes is that you never know if they’re foreshocks — that is, related to the main shock — until the dust clears.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been the quandary for some time,” says Brodsky. “This study reinforces that quandary by once again finding no specific attribute of the foreshocks that can distinguish them in real time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of quake prediction is distinct from current efforts to provide “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922600/112-years-after-the-san-francisco-earthquake-an-app-to-give-warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">early warning\u003c/a>” of impending quakes. The latter is based on technology picking up the “P-wave,” or primary wave that precedes the shaking and instantaneously transmitting a warning seconds before that shaking arrives at your location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us to ‘predict’ something will follow, we need to see a sequence of events like this before all earthquakes. We do not,” adds Richard Allen, who heads the Berkeley Seismology Lab at UC Berkeley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that leaves is a very interesting scientific question about the process by which an earthquake starts,” offers Richard Allen, who heads the Berkeley Seismology Lab at UC Berkeley. “Does it start with slow slip that grows and may generate foreshocks? ‘No it does not,’ says this study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellsworth says studying faultlines has given us much better knowledge of where quakes are likely to occur and even how strong they might be — but this latest study leaves doubt that foreshocks can tell us when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that small earthquakes are symptoms of conditions that are favorable for occurrence of larger earthquakes,” he says. “We just don’t know when those small earthquakes say the larger one will occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therefore he says, the key is for communities to be truly prepared for the big event, whenever it happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joint study by scientists at Stanford and in Turkey at Boğaziçi University’s Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute was published online Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/ngeo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature Geoscience\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have long held out hope that major earthquakes might be predictable from their “foreshocks” — the smaller tremors that often occur right before a major quake. But a new study suggests that the foreshock theory is, well, shaky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, some scientists thought tremors that preceded a 1999 \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_%C4%B0zmit_earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earthquake near Izmit, Turkey\u003c/a> might prove that foreshocks are warnings of bigger quakes to come, due to the way geologic events played out miles below the surface. But new and expanded analysis of seismographic data from that magnitude 7.6 event shows no connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the foreshocks — the earthquakes that preceded it — were no different than ordinary earthquakes,” says geophysicist Bill Ellsworth, who \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/press/view/21149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led the study\u003c/a> for Stanford. “There were no characteristics that impending signs of an earthquake about to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems to reiterate the standard position,” says \u003ca href=\"https://websites.pmc.ucsc.edu/~seisweb/emily_brodsky/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emily Brodsky\u003c/a>, who studies earthquake prediction at UC Santa Cruz.” Brodsky points out that while about half of big earthquakes have “observable foreshocks,” only about 5 percent of earthquakes turn out to be foreshocks. (The trouble with any precursor quakes is that you never know if they’re foreshocks — that is, related to the main shock — until the dust clears.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been the quandary for some time,” says Brodsky. “This study reinforces that quandary by once again finding no specific attribute of the foreshocks that can distinguish them in real time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of quake prediction is distinct from current efforts to provide “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922600/112-years-after-the-san-francisco-earthquake-an-app-to-give-warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">early warning\u003c/a>” of impending quakes. The latter is based on technology picking up the “P-wave,” or primary wave that precedes the shaking and instantaneously transmitting a warning seconds before that shaking arrives at your location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us to ‘predict’ something will follow, we need to see a sequence of events like this before all earthquakes. We do not,” adds Richard Allen, who heads the Berkeley Seismology Lab at UC Berkeley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that leaves is a very interesting scientific question about the process by which an earthquake starts,” offers Richard Allen, who heads the Berkeley Seismology Lab at UC Berkeley. “Does it start with slow slip that grows and may generate foreshocks? ‘No it does not,’ says this study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellsworth says studying faultlines has given us much better knowledge of where quakes are likely to occur and even how strong they might be — but this latest study leaves doubt that foreshocks can tell us when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that small earthquakes are symptoms of conditions that are favorable for occurrence of larger earthquakes,” he says. “We just don’t know when those small earthquakes say the larger one will occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therefore he says, the key is for communities to be truly prepared for the big event, whenever it happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joint study by scientists at Stanford and in Turkey at Boğaziçi University’s Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute was published online Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/ngeo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature Geoscience\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Tuesday, 50-year-old swimmer Ben Lecomte will push off from a beach in Choshi, Japan, wearing a shark repellent bracelet and an armband to track radiation in the ocean. He hopes to reach San Francisco in six months as the first person to swim across the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful 5,500-mile journey will be a feat of athleticism and a major scientific opportunity. Lecomte, a Frenchman now living in Texas, is traveling alongside a boat with a six-person crew. He’ll swim eight hours per day on a route that includes the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the White Shark Migration Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific partners, including NASA and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, have provided equipment for the swimmer’s crew to conduct research on his body and the ocean along the way. They’ll gather over 1,000 water samples, in part to gather data on pollution and plant life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lecomte has been planning the journey since he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/08/23/433926565/ben-lecomte-swam-across-the-atlantic-next-he-tries-the-pacific\">swam across the Atlantic Ocean\u003c/a> 20 years ago. This time, he’ll pick up each morning exactly where he left the night before, in hopes that this swim will become an official record. Seeker.com and Discovery have teamed up to track \u003ca href=\"https://www.seeker.com/theswim\">the journey\u003c/a>, which Lecomte is doing in part to raise awareness for climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is in peril,” he says. “I think it’s my duty to use my passion to make a little change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Weekend Edition\u003c/em>‘s Lulu Garcia-Navarro spoke with Lecomte as he prepares for his swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On starting the swim\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real training will start when I jump in the water. Because it’s not something you can really replicate, you know — swimming eight hours a day, sleeping on the boat and having limited contact with the outside — it’s very particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what scares Lecomte about the trip\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharks are there, I mean, that’s their environment. But for me, the biggest concern, I think — it’s mostly the cold water. Because you can do so much in cold water after so many hours in the water, and no matter how thick your wetsuit is, you get cold, and it’s very, very uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After his swim across the Atlantic, Lecomte said “never again” \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take that long for me to change my mind. Three, four months afterwards I was already thinking about my next adventure and doing something kind of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had the idea of the swim in the Pacific early on, but I got married and had children so I put that on the side. That was my priority, and now I come back to that dream that I had. I don’t want to live with any regrets, so it’s something that I’ve pursued, and I’m determined to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his children, who will join the last leg of Lecomte’s journey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are very enthusiastic. They are with me right now, they were on the boat last night with me and they are going to be on the boat tonight, and love it. We swim very often together, so we share the same passion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why he’s swimming across the Pacific \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is in peril. I’m very sensitive to my kids and knowing what they are going to have in their lives. I think it’s my duty to try to use my passion to make a little change. We have to find what our role is if we want to preserve what we have. And that’s very important for me — and for me to do that for my children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Raise+Awareness+For+Climate+Change%2C+50-Year-Old+Makes+Bid+To+Swim+Across+Pacific&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Tuesday, 50-year-old swimmer Ben Lecomte will push off from a beach in Choshi, Japan, wearing a shark repellent bracelet and an armband to track radiation in the ocean. He hopes to reach San Francisco in six months as the first person to swim across the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful 5,500-mile journey will be a feat of athleticism and a major scientific opportunity. Lecomte, a Frenchman now living in Texas, is traveling alongside a boat with a six-person crew. He’ll swim eight hours per day on a route that includes the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the White Shark Migration Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific partners, including NASA and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, have provided equipment for the swimmer’s crew to conduct research on his body and the ocean along the way. They’ll gather over 1,000 water samples, in part to gather data on pollution and plant life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lecomte has been planning the journey since he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/08/23/433926565/ben-lecomte-swam-across-the-atlantic-next-he-tries-the-pacific\">swam across the Atlantic Ocean\u003c/a> 20 years ago. This time, he’ll pick up each morning exactly where he left the night before, in hopes that this swim will become an official record. Seeker.com and Discovery have teamed up to track \u003ca href=\"https://www.seeker.com/theswim\">the journey\u003c/a>, which Lecomte is doing in part to raise awareness for climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is in peril,” he says. “I think it’s my duty to use my passion to make a little change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Weekend Edition\u003c/em>‘s Lulu Garcia-Navarro spoke with Lecomte as he prepares for his swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On starting the swim\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real training will start when I jump in the water. Because it’s not something you can really replicate, you know — swimming eight hours a day, sleeping on the boat and having limited contact with the outside — it’s very particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what scares Lecomte about the trip\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharks are there, I mean, that’s their environment. But for me, the biggest concern, I think — it’s mostly the cold water. Because you can do so much in cold water after so many hours in the water, and no matter how thick your wetsuit is, you get cold, and it’s very, very uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After his swim across the Atlantic, Lecomte said “never again” \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take that long for me to change my mind. Three, four months afterwards I was already thinking about my next adventure and doing something kind of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had the idea of the swim in the Pacific early on, but I got married and had children so I put that on the side. That was my priority, and now I come back to that dream that I had. I don’t want to live with any regrets, so it’s something that I’ve pursued, and I’m determined to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his children, who will join the last leg of Lecomte’s journey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are very enthusiastic. They are with me right now, they were on the boat last night with me and they are going to be on the boat tonight, and love it. We swim very often together, so we share the same passion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why he’s swimming across the Pacific \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is in peril. I’m very sensitive to my kids and knowing what they are going to have in their lives. I think it’s my duty to try to use my passion to make a little change. We have to find what our role is if we want to preserve what we have. And that’s very important for me — and for me to do that for my children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Raise+Awareness+For+Climate+Change%2C+50-Year-Old+Makes+Bid+To+Swim+Across+Pacific&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Get ready to tighten those faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a pair of bills into law on Thursday that create a framework for permanent statewide water efficiency standards, whether the state is in drought or not.[contextly_sidebar id=”4TcRMLsNwPNhYLFtMZj93EwOft3t4XqZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In preparation for the next drought and our changing environment, we must use our precious resources wisely. We have efficiency goals for energy and cars — and now we have them for water,” said\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brown\u003c/a> in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new standards, which must be met by 2020, set limits on personal water use and require water providers to develop annual water budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws set an initial limit for indoor water use of 55 gallons per-person per-day in 2022, which gradually drops to 50 gallons per person by 2030. Just how consumers will be required to meet the goals remains unknown. — \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a> reports that the new mandates are a response to pushback from water suppliers who complained about the strict standards enacted during the emergency drought period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws are a response to complaints from some water agencies that the mandatory water targets the Brown administration put in place during the drought were too inflexible and didn’t take into account local water supplies, population growth and other factors.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Californians used an average of 90 gallons of indoor and outdoor water per day in 2017, down from 109 gallons in 2013, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists expressed disappointment with the new standards, writes Paul Rogers for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Environmentalists like Sierra Club California said the rules didn’t go far enough. Of particular concern was a compromise inserted in the bill that allowed cities and water districts to get 15 percent credit on their water use totals if they produce certain types of recycled water.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>State regulators will conduct studies and consult with local districts to establish appropriate outdoor targets that take into account local needs, reports the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and State Water Resources Control Board will conduct studies and recommend standards for outdoor use by October 2021. State regulators will consult with local districts, recognizing differences in climate, water availability and demand across the state, to establish outdoor targets. Water districts that have already taken steps, such as recycling, to broaden their water supply could get more leeway even in dry conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the drought and the following year, temporary limits on water use were established. Those measures were lifted in \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Get ready to tighten those faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a pair of bills into law on Thursday that create a framework for permanent statewide water efficiency standards, whether the state is in drought or not.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In preparation for the next drought and our changing environment, we must use our precious resources wisely. We have efficiency goals for energy and cars — and now we have them for water,” said\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brown\u003c/a> in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new standards, which must be met by 2020, set limits on personal water use and require water providers to develop annual water budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws set an initial limit for indoor water use of 55 gallons per-person per-day in 2022, which gradually drops to 50 gallons per person by 2030. Just how consumers will be required to meet the goals remains unknown. — \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a> reports that the new mandates are a response to pushback from water suppliers who complained about the strict standards enacted during the emergency drought period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws are a response to complaints from some water agencies that the mandatory water targets the Brown administration put in place during the drought were too inflexible and didn’t take into account local water supplies, population growth and other factors.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Californians used an average of 90 gallons of indoor and outdoor water per day in 2017, down from 109 gallons in 2013, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists expressed disappointment with the new standards, writes Paul Rogers for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Environmentalists like Sierra Club California said the rules didn’t go far enough. Of particular concern was a compromise inserted in the bill that allowed cities and water districts to get 15 percent credit on their water use totals if they produce certain types of recycled water.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>State regulators will conduct studies and consult with local districts to establish appropriate outdoor targets that take into account local needs, reports the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and State Water Resources Control Board will conduct studies and recommend standards for outdoor use by October 2021. State regulators will consult with local districts, recognizing differences in climate, water availability and demand across the state, to establish outdoor targets. Water districts that have already taken steps, such as recycling, to broaden their water supply could get more leeway even in dry conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the drought and the following year, temporary limits on water use were established. Those measures were lifted in \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California utilities will invest nearly $768 million to expand a network of charging stations and build other infrastructure for electric vehicles as the state moves toward a goal of 5 million zero-emission cars on the roads by 2030.[contextly_sidebar id=”8Otz20GKvE2W2ODwNEDfFvBarpZObIqX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission voted 5-0 Thursday to pay for programs statewide over the next five years, with an emphasis on establishing facilities in disadvantaged communities where traffic and air pollution are often heaviest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funding includes $136 million by San Diego Gas & Electric Co. to provide rebates for as many as 60,000 customers to install home charging stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric will build 230 direct current fast-charging stations, for a total of nearly $22.5 million. And PG&E and Southern California Edison will spend a combined $580 million to support the electrification of almost 15,000 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles including transit and school buses, semi-trucks, forklifts and cargo equipment at ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re successful with this and other electrification efforts already underway, much of the nation will likely follow California’s lead,” said CPUC Commissioner Carla J. Peterman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utilities initially asked for $1 billion to implement the projects. After a series of workshops and hearings, the CPUC decided on a budget of approximately $738 million, with an additional $29.5 million for program evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall plan is a result of a 2016 CPUC order directing utilities to submit applications proposing projects aimed at accelerating transportation electrification across all sectors, from light-duty passenger cars to medium- and heavy-duty fleet, transit and freight vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison’s Katie Sloan estimated its projects would lead to a monthly bill increase for customers of about 50 cents over a few years. After that, she said, ratepayers will see their bills steadily drop as the infrastructure is completed.[contextly_sidebar id=”MURzGbfzpuBlzEbCG9L6iEyWDNtxBSPO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E and SDGE did not immediately have estimates for whether their plans would increase monthly bills for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown in January outlined a $2.5 billion proposal to help Californians buy electric vehicles as part of a long-term plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Currently there are about 350,000 zero-emission vehicles on California roads; Brown wants that number to grow 15-fold over the next dozen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor has positioned California as a global leader in fighting climate change amid President Donald Trump’s decision to pull the U.S. out of the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Great White Sharks Have A Secret 'Cafe,' And They Led Scientists Right To It",
"headTitle": "Great White Sharks Have A Secret ‘Cafe,’ And They Led Scientists Right To It | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Great white sharks have a “hidden life” that is becoming a lot less hidden thanks to a scientific expedition that has been years in the making.[contextly_sidebar id=”7x1aQGoWmRFT2DRfaE8EZul4botHj0nA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists used to think the apex predators moved up and down the western coast of North America, snacking in waters with lots of food close to shore. Almost 20 years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/person/dr-barbara-a-block/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford marine biologist Barbara Block\u003c/a> started putting tags on the sharks that could track their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other researchers noticed something surprising — the tags showed that the sharks were moving away from these food-rich waters and heading more than a thousand miles off the coast of Baja California in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite images suggested the area was an ocean desert, a place with very little life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mystery of what was drawing the sharks to this strange place set new research into motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to know if there was a hidden oasis that was formed by the currents that we couldn’t see from space,” Block said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the scientists tagged over 30 great white sharks last fall — more than they had ever done in a single season. They’ve already gotten to know some of these animals from years of research. They’ve even given them names, such as Eugene, Tilden and Leona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then this spring, the research team set off on a state-of-the-art ship called \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/rv-falkor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the research vessel Falkor\u003c/a> toward the mysterious area, hoping to find the sharks they tagged.[contextly_sidebar id=”fCKG7i6T6oe39MShk0LxJLEXSP9olcMQ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of expectation when you put technology on an animal and then you take an expensive ship like the Falkor with 40 people to a box in the middle of the ocean and expect that these white sharks are going to be there,” Block said, speaking from the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, the animals were indeed swimming to this remote place, which the researchers have nicknamed the “White Shark Cafe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as we predicted, the sharks showed up right in the cruise box,” Block added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tags were programmed to pop off and float to the surface right when the Falkor was there. Each tag that reached the surface gave off a signal — and kicked off what Block called an “open-ocean treasure hunt,” as the team tried to find something the size of a small microphone in an area about the size of Colorado. These sophisticated tags record temperature, pressure, light and time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We doubled our current 20-year data set in three weeks,” Block said. The tags have 2,500 days of data at one- to three-second intervals, allowing researchers to see how the white sharks move up and down through the water with unprecedented detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists will need time to parse all of this information, including new mysteries such as why male and female sharks move differently through the water. The males move up and down rapidly — sometimes 120 times a day. Females will go up to the shallow water at night, then down much deeper in the day.[contextly_sidebar id=”IaYZs5Kx7uGlt71vtem4gg4V9GpMDqFr”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The male white shark and the female white shark are doing completely different things, and that’s not something we’ve seen so much before,” Block said. “We have to spend some time studying these behaviors to try to understand if this is courtship behavior or is this really a feeding or foraging behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after the tags popped up, the scientists used a range of techniques to learn about the water nearby. They had a couple of saildrones, which are surface vehicles that can locate plankton and fish. They also gathered DNA from the water to figure out what is moving down there and observed creatures using a remotely operated underwater vehicle and by pulling them up in nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expected it to be the desert that the textbooks sort of advertised it would be,” said Bruce Robison, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/person/bruce-robison-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this was no desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A layer of nutrient-rich plant life exists deeper under the ocean than satellites could detect. Tiny creatures feed on it, and larger creatures feed on them. And up and up. It represents “a complete food chain, a ladder of consumption, that made us believe that there was an adequate food supply out here for big animals like tunas and the sharks,” Robison said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robison was surprised by how diverse the area was, with animals such as fish, squids, crustaceans and jellyfish. They saw totally different patterns of life in sites just a few miles away from one another, an indication of the area’s complexity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that scientists didn’t even know this area existed until sharks led them there speaks to how much we still don’t know about the ocean. In fact, according to \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/exploration.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA’s National Ocean Service\u003c/a>, humans have explored just 5 percent of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t really get is why it’s like that — it’s because it’s really hard to do,” Block said. She added that there could be more ocean hot spots out there that scientists are not yet aware of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Robison said all the information they gathered could help build a case for why the White Shark Cafe should be officially protected by the U.N. cultural agency. UNESCO is \u003ca href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/highseas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considering recognizing and protecting it\u003c/a> by making it a World Heritage Site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Great+White+Sharks+Have+A+Secret+%27Cafe%2C%27+And+They+Led+Scientists+Right+To+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Great white sharks have a “hidden life” that is becoming a lot less hidden thanks to a scientific expedition that has been years in the making.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists used to think the apex predators moved up and down the western coast of North America, snacking in waters with lots of food close to shore. Almost 20 years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/person/dr-barbara-a-block/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford marine biologist Barbara Block\u003c/a> started putting tags on the sharks that could track their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other researchers noticed something surprising — the tags showed that the sharks were moving away from these food-rich waters and heading more than a thousand miles off the coast of Baja California in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite images suggested the area was an ocean desert, a place with very little life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mystery of what was drawing the sharks to this strange place set new research into motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to know if there was a hidden oasis that was formed by the currents that we couldn’t see from space,” Block said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the scientists tagged over 30 great white sharks last fall — more than they had ever done in a single season. They’ve already gotten to know some of these animals from years of research. They’ve even given them names, such as Eugene, Tilden and Leona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then this spring, the research team set off on a state-of-the-art ship called \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/rv-falkor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the research vessel Falkor\u003c/a> toward the mysterious area, hoping to find the sharks they tagged.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of expectation when you put technology on an animal and then you take an expensive ship like the Falkor with 40 people to a box in the middle of the ocean and expect that these white sharks are going to be there,” Block said, speaking from the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, the animals were indeed swimming to this remote place, which the researchers have nicknamed the “White Shark Cafe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as we predicted, the sharks showed up right in the cruise box,” Block added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tags were programmed to pop off and float to the surface right when the Falkor was there. Each tag that reached the surface gave off a signal — and kicked off what Block called an “open-ocean treasure hunt,” as the team tried to find something the size of a small microphone in an area about the size of Colorado. These sophisticated tags record temperature, pressure, light and time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We doubled our current 20-year data set in three weeks,” Block said. The tags have 2,500 days of data at one- to three-second intervals, allowing researchers to see how the white sharks move up and down through the water with unprecedented detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists will need time to parse all of this information, including new mysteries such as why male and female sharks move differently through the water. The males move up and down rapidly — sometimes 120 times a day. Females will go up to the shallow water at night, then down much deeper in the day.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The male white shark and the female white shark are doing completely different things, and that’s not something we’ve seen so much before,” Block said. “We have to spend some time studying these behaviors to try to understand if this is courtship behavior or is this really a feeding or foraging behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after the tags popped up, the scientists used a range of techniques to learn about the water nearby. They had a couple of saildrones, which are surface vehicles that can locate plankton and fish. They also gathered DNA from the water to figure out what is moving down there and observed creatures using a remotely operated underwater vehicle and by pulling them up in nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expected it to be the desert that the textbooks sort of advertised it would be,” said Bruce Robison, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/person/bruce-robison-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this was no desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A layer of nutrient-rich plant life exists deeper under the ocean than satellites could detect. Tiny creatures feed on it, and larger creatures feed on them. And up and up. It represents “a complete food chain, a ladder of consumption, that made us believe that there was an adequate food supply out here for big animals like tunas and the sharks,” Robison said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robison was surprised by how diverse the area was, with animals such as fish, squids, crustaceans and jellyfish. They saw totally different patterns of life in sites just a few miles away from one another, an indication of the area’s complexity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that scientists didn’t even know this area existed until sharks led them there speaks to how much we still don’t know about the ocean. In fact, according to \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/exploration.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA’s National Ocean Service\u003c/a>, humans have explored just 5 percent of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t really get is why it’s like that — it’s because it’s really hard to do,” Block said. She added that there could be more ocean hot spots out there that scientists are not yet aware of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Robison said all the information they gathered could help build a case for why the White Shark Cafe should be officially protected by the U.N. cultural agency. UNESCO is \u003ca href=\"https://whc.unesco.org/en/highseas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considering recognizing and protecting it\u003c/a> by making it a World Heritage Site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Great+White+Sharks+Have+A+Secret+%27Cafe%2C%27+And+They+Led+Scientists+Right+To+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Century-Old Campaign to Take Hetch Hetchy from San Francisco Still Going",
"headTitle": "Century-Old Campaign to Take Hetch Hetchy from San Francisco Still Going | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A century-old fight over a dam in Yosemite National Park is headed to a California appeals court on May 30. [contextly_sidebar id=”5DPGcSxqw2Crz7mSjetsijfYRK4XIqAS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign to restore the once lush Hetch Hetchy Valley is among the country’s oldest environmental debates, widely credited with giving birth to environmental activism in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some environmentalists, the dam is an abomination, desecrating the valley’s natural beauty and wildlife, submerging it under 300 feet of water. San Francisco officials say the dam serves as a crucial water supply to millions of people in the San Francisco Bay area. U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein, the former mayor of San Francisco, has \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1987-08-07/news/mn-1121_1_hetch-hetchy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called the\u003c/a> reservoir the city’s “birthright” and slammed efforts to remove it as “dumb, dumb, dumb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed by nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.hetchhetchy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Restore Hetch Hetchy,\u003c/a> will be heard in the 5th District Court of Appeal in Fresno. The group says the dam \u003ca href=\"https://www.hetchhetchy.org/legal_campaign_update\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been rendered obsolete\u003c/a> by newer reservoirs and water treatment technologies. The dam, they argue, violates California’s Constitutional law regulating water distribution, which prohibits any “unreasonable method of diversion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Birth of a Campaign\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1914, Congress authorized the city of San Francisco to construct the dam along the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local legend has it that shortly after Congress approved the plan, Sierra Club co-founder John Muir \u003ca href=\"http://vault.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/hetch_hetchy_task_force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">died of a broken heart\u003c/a> on Christmas Eve in 1914. Muir, in his 70s at the time, was a vociferous critic of the damn’s construction and\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=F2ewWxxwn50C&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=The+San+Francisco+Chronicle+described+opponents+of+the+dam+as+%E2%80%9Choggish+and+mushy+esthetes.%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=D9Ef9c4q02&sig=J_mBk3TT0t56a584132KdA6y7fE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjH6bSU66HbAhWbIDQIHekSDksQ6AEIPTAC#v=onepage&q=hoggi&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> once said\u003c/a>, “I’ll be relieved when it’s settled, for it’s killing me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-768x554.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1200x866.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1920x1385.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1180x851.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-960x693.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-240x173.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-375x271.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-520x375.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A painting of the former Hetch Hetchy Valley by artist Albert Bierstadt. \u003ccite>(Museum of Fine Arts/Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Muir led the national campaign against the dam’s construction and \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/departments/espm/env-hist/espm160/assignments/hetch_hetchy/hetch_qts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticized\u003c/a> the pro-dam camp as “temple destroyers, devotees of ravaging commercialism.” San Francisco publications returned the favor, with at least one newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/a_century_later_the_battle_for_hetch_hetchy_continues/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">referring\u003c/a> to Muir and his supporters as “hoggish and mushy esthetes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the decades since, the battle to drain the reservoir has ebbed and flowed, gaining traction again in recent years due to political developments and media coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger asked the state’s Department of Water Resources to examine the issue, ultimately finding that an alternative is \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/pubs/environment/hetch_hetchy_restoration_study/hetch_hetchy_restoration_study_report.pdf\">feasible, but potentially costly\u003c/a>. Also that year, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/tom-philp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published a series\u003c/a> of Pulitizer-winning articles that helped to revive the debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012 a San Francisco ballot initiative to conduct a study of the potential implications of dam removal was defeated.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A century-old fight over a dam in Yosemite National Park is headed to a California appeals court on May 30. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign to restore the once lush Hetch Hetchy Valley is among the country’s oldest environmental debates, widely credited with giving birth to environmental activism in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some environmentalists, the dam is an abomination, desecrating the valley’s natural beauty and wildlife, submerging it under 300 feet of water. San Francisco officials say the dam serves as a crucial water supply to millions of people in the San Francisco Bay area. U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein, the former mayor of San Francisco, has \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1987-08-07/news/mn-1121_1_hetch-hetchy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called the\u003c/a> reservoir the city’s “birthright” and slammed efforts to remove it as “dumb, dumb, dumb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed by nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.hetchhetchy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Restore Hetch Hetchy,\u003c/a> will be heard in the 5th District Court of Appeal in Fresno. The group says the dam \u003ca href=\"https://www.hetchhetchy.org/legal_campaign_update\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been rendered obsolete\u003c/a> by newer reservoirs and water treatment technologies. The dam, they argue, violates California’s Constitutional law regulating water distribution, which prohibits any “unreasonable method of diversion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Birth of a Campaign\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1914, Congress authorized the city of San Francisco to construct the dam along the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local legend has it that shortly after Congress approved the plan, Sierra Club co-founder John Muir \u003ca href=\"http://vault.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/hetch_hetchy_task_force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">died of a broken heart\u003c/a> on Christmas Eve in 1914. Muir, in his 70s at the time, was a vociferous critic of the damn’s construction and\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=F2ewWxxwn50C&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=The+San+Francisco+Chronicle+described+opponents+of+the+dam+as+%E2%80%9Choggish+and+mushy+esthetes.%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=D9Ef9c4q02&sig=J_mBk3TT0t56a584132KdA6y7fE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjH6bSU66HbAhWbIDQIHekSDksQ6AEIPTAC#v=onepage&q=hoggi&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> once said\u003c/a>, “I’ll be relieved when it’s settled, for it’s killing me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-768x554.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1200x866.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1920x1385.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-1180x851.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-960x693.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-240x173.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-375x271.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/The_Hetch_Hetchy_Valley_California_by_Albert_Bierstadt_undated_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Springfield_MA_-_DSC03988-520x375.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A painting of the former Hetch Hetchy Valley by artist Albert Bierstadt. \u003ccite>(Museum of Fine Arts/Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Muir led the national campaign against the dam’s construction and \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/departments/espm/env-hist/espm160/assignments/hetch_hetchy/hetch_qts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticized\u003c/a> the pro-dam camp as “temple destroyers, devotees of ravaging commercialism.” San Francisco publications returned the favor, with at least one newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/a_century_later_the_battle_for_hetch_hetchy_continues/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">referring\u003c/a> to Muir and his supporters as “hoggish and mushy esthetes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the decades since, the battle to drain the reservoir has ebbed and flowed, gaining traction again in recent years due to political developments and media coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger asked the state’s Department of Water Resources to examine the issue, ultimately finding that an alternative is \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/pubs/environment/hetch_hetchy_restoration_study/hetch_hetchy_restoration_study_report.pdf\">feasible, but potentially costly\u003c/a>. Also that year, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/tom-philp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published a series\u003c/a> of Pulitizer-winning articles that helped to revive the debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012 a San Francisco ballot initiative to conduct a study of the potential implications of dam removal was defeated.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Your batteries may be ticking time bombs, according to organizers behind “Avoid the Spark,” a new nationwide campaign launched in California to teach consumers how to properly store and dispose of batteries.[contextly_sidebar id=”2xZL9a1owmEwP85fgY4i6QUgzGip1HPg”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology, a hallmark of modern life, brings with it the good and the bad, and some of that bad comes in the form of improperly stored batteries. They’re blamed for the majority of fires at 26 waste facilities throughout California. And with 95 percent of Americans owning a cellphone and nearly half owning portable tablets, battery use will only increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, according to nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/?utm_source=California%2520press%2520release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Call2Recycle\u003c/a>, a North American battery recycling program, many consumers do not know how to properly handle their batteries once they reach the end of their useful lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/california-campaign-release/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> commissioned by the group in 2016 found that 60 percent of consumers simply tossed out at least some of their single-use batteries, while 15 percent did the same with rechargeable batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of special concern are lithium batteries, the battery of choice for many cellphones, cameras, and computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Call2Recycle’s Carl Smith \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/technology/avoid-the-spark-campaign-launched-to-prevent-fires/3531572/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tells ABC affiliate KGO-TV.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Even a perfectly fine laptop battery that is no longer useful can be potentially dangerous if not handled correctly at the end of life.” says Carl Smith, CEO and president of the not-for-profit, Call2Recycle, the country’s largest battery recycling program. He says if a lithium battery comes into contact with metal in just the right way, sparks can fly. “They look like fire crackers going off,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>To avoid this risk, the group says consumers should use non-conductive duct tape or clear packing tape to cover the terminals of lithium-based batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers should also avoid storing batteries together, which can lead to a potential explosion and exposure to hazardous materials.[contextly_sidebar id=”3fXkdiS2t16sS1VzL8IbFcmTlWQkF24A”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the batteries can form and release hydrogen, a highly volatile gas that could be ignited by elevated temperatures or static electricity, according to a study commissioned by the California Integrated Waste Management Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The accumulation of hydrogen gas can be avoided if batteries are stored in ventilated containers and/or not allowed to make physical contact [with each other],” says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/publications/Documents/HHW/40292001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More tips on how to store and dispose of batteries are posted at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Call2Recycle \u003c/a>website, along with a\u003ca href=\"https://www.call2recycle.org/locator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> list of drop-off locations\u003c/a> in the Bay Area for those wishing to dispose of their batteries.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Revelations that an Amazon Echo smart speaker inadvertently \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/59d4ee7564c54d8da6517360fd4b6a7c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a family’s private conversation\u003c/a> to an acquaintance highlights some unexpected risks of new voice-enabled technologies.[contextly_sidebar id=”1uvQkNFzlqFqfjEhcfiJrIgWImsOiXzs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Amazon, the fault was an “unlikely” series of inadvertent vocal cues that triggered the speaker, caused it to begin recording and then led it to interpret subsequent conversation as a “send message” request.\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>There’s no way to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/4bb11b6066224b33b11ab2702d079f03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eliminate these sorts of privacy risks\u003c/a> short of unplugging entirely. But you can minimize the odds of unpleasant privacy surprises with these tips:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— KILL THE MIC: Most smart speakers have a physical button to disable the microphone, so a private conversation can’t be recorded to begin with. You can hit that when you’re having sensitive conversations. The button on the Echo will turn red; other devices have similar cues. It doesn’t make sense to keep the mic disabled throughout the day, though. If the Echo can’t hear you, it won’t be able to order you more toilet paper or play smooth jazz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— LIMIT THE MIC: Disabling the microphone isn’t practical on a smartphone, but you can limit what apps have access to it. Go to the settings and turn off mic access to all but essential apps such as voice recorders or video conferencing. Netflix doesn’t really need voice access; you can simply type the name of the show you’re searching for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— ABOUT THAT CAMERA: Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg famously puts a piece of tape over his laptop’s camera to prevent spying if anyone were to hack his device. Buy yourself a roll. Or use bandages. If you have a home-security camera that’s connected to the internet, turn the camera to the wall when you’re home. Just remember to turn it back before you leave, or you defeat the point of having a security camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— BLOCK THE SIGNALS: For smartphones and other gadgets you carry with you, a “Faraday bag” that blocks electromagnetic waves can help prevent unwanted spying. The good ones will block cellular and other signals, meaning privacy-compromising information such as your location won’t leak out either. Just remember, your phone won’t get any calls while it’s in the bag — that’s the whole point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— BE INFORMED: Apple, Samsung and other tech companies have worked over the years to ensure that their products work “out of the box,” without users having to pore through lengthy manuals and operating instructions. The downside is that users are often unaware of all the things their gadgets can do, good or bad. Checking reputable online reviews, how-to guides and even instructional videos will help you get the most out of new technologies. They’ll also tell you about any known glitches and risks.[contextly_sidebar id=”DQooA7JhAVK6tA185TE5TXgIPunKQ04q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the safest approach is not to buy a new gadget in the first place. That might not be practical for smartphones these days, but do you really need a smart speaker or a television set that’s connected to the internet? (As it turns out, it’s actually difficult to buy a TV without “smart” capabilities these days, but nothing says you have to connect it at home.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From toothbrushes to slow cookers to toys, if companies can dream it up, it’s out there. Companies often release smart gadgets without thinking through the risks and ensuring their security. This makes them easy targets for malicious hackers. This is especially true with manufacturers that aren’t well known or that specialize in toys and other non-tech businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_87467 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_87467\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_87467\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Marine scientists confirmed over the weekend that a dead fin whale found on a Bolinas shore last week died because it was hit by a ship.[contextly_sidebar id=”XzRsxjgKDz6OxyRWWNN1PlEm4W0xPMOG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third whale in the Bay Area found to have died due to human causes in the past month, researchers at the Marine Mammal Center and the California Academy of Sciences said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbie Halaska, a researcher for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, said the fin whale is endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody wants to hit these guys,” Halaska said. “I mean, they’re amazing creatures, and it’s all accidents. It’s just that we’re all using the same ocean and we need to figure out how we can all use this ocean together and all survive from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say ship strikes and entanglement in fishing gear are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1715680/can-song-loving-robots-help-save-whales-from-ships\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the leading causes\u003c/a> of whale mortality, especially during migration periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whale, and the one that washed ashore in the Oakland Estuary the week before, were both female and in their reproductive years,” Halaska said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924575\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924575\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ww2.kqed_.orgDeadWhale-800x458-9bb073adc1691fb249e14032f97fa938c0101e78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"458\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale carcass is towed out of the Oakland estuary near Jack London Square on Friday.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists found \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11669242/two-whales-found-dead-in-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two dead whales in the Bay Area on May 18\u003c/a> — one a fin whale at Oakland’s waterfront and the other a gray whale at Tennessee Valley Beach in Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whale found in Oakland was partially submerged in an estuary near Jack London Square, and was determined to have been killed by a ship strike. The whale at Tennessee Valley Beach showed indication that entanglement was responsible for its death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those carcasses were the fourth and fifth, respectively, to be found in the Bay this year by the Marine Mammal Center, which rescues animals along 600 miles of state coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through March of this year, nine dead whales have been found along the California coastline, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Last year there were 24 dead whales found in total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Billy Cruz and Muna Danish contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whale, and the one that washed ashore in the Oakland Estuary the week before, were both female and in their reproductive years,” Halaska said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924575\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924575\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ww2.kqed_.orgDeadWhale-800x458-9bb073adc1691fb249e14032f97fa938c0101e78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"458\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale carcass is towed out of the Oakland estuary near Jack London Square on Friday.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists found \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11669242/two-whales-found-dead-in-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two dead whales in the Bay Area on May 18\u003c/a> — one a fin whale at Oakland’s waterfront and the other a gray whale at Tennessee Valley Beach in Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whale found in Oakland was partially submerged in an estuary near Jack London Square, and was determined to have been killed by a ship strike. The whale at Tennessee Valley Beach showed indication that entanglement was responsible for its death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those carcasses were the fourth and fifth, respectively, to be found in the Bay this year by the Marine Mammal Center, which rescues animals along 600 miles of state coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through March of this year, nine dead whales have been found along the California coastline, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Last year there were 24 dead whales found in total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Billy Cruz and Muna Danish contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms",
"headTitle": "Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Researchers and U.S. authorities are finding what they say is an alarming increase in the use of a powerful banned pesticide at illegal marijuana farms hidden on public land in California.[contextly_sidebar id=”tnu2cVSM5BB8RzYTVxghpKA5S3c9Np56″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pesticide residue is showing up in about 30 percent of the plants themselves, researcher Mourad Gabriel told The Associated Press. U.S. and state authorities will announce Tuesday that they will use $2.5 million in federal money to target the illegal grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found the highly toxic pesticide Carbofuran at 72 percent of grow sites last year, up from 15 percent in 2012, said Gabriel, executive director and senior ecologist at Integral Ecology Research Center and one of the few researchers studying the ecological impact of illicit grow sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long allowed medicinal marijuana and legalized recreational pot this year. While U.S. Attorney McGregor Scott will enforce federal laws that ban the drug, he said he is targeting illicit grows on public land with cooperation from California’s attorney general and the state’s National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is happening here is illegal for all purposes under anybody’s law,” he said in an interview before Tuesday’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the illegally grown California pot is destined for Midwestern and Eastern states where it is more profitable, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other officials toured a remote contaminated grow site last week where piles of trash remained months after 3,000 to 4,000 plants were removed. Officials said they are concerned the chemical residue could wash into a watershed and eventually reach areas where increasingly rare salmon breed.[contextly_sidebar id=”FW9X1D3To0bLIZxA56NHg4xfnlSGhYtY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A danger before legalization in California was the uncertainty of what was in pot products, but authorities say the rise in Carbofuran use poses an increased danger. Gabriel’s research found that traces of the chemical are showing up in pot but did not attempt to quantify how much was in each sample or its effects on people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical is intended for use as an insecticide but is so powerful that a quarter of a teaspoon can kill a 300-pound (136-kilogram) bear, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by Gabriel and colleagues previously showed that the use of pesticides at illegal marijuana farms is poisoning significant numbers of California’s few hundred remaining fishers, a threatened weasel-like mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbofuran can’t legally be used in the United States, and every bottle found at the grow sites since 2012 has been labeled in Spanish, Gabriel said.[contextly_sidebar id=”reP3A7AaJ8yFDOyCLdIlTsHnBvwSMztT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said it is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana. Laborers, who must carry the plants, fertilizer, irrigation hose and camping supplies into faraway sites, tell Gabriel that the remoteness is one reason highly toxic Carbofuran is so popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they are saying to us is this is extremely effective — it takes a little amount to kill a deer or a bear — so we don’t need to bring a lot of it to last a season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At normal levels, a typical bottle containing less than 1 liter should be diluted with up to 5,000 gallons (18,927 liters) of water, he said. But illegal growers are diluting it with just 3 to 5 gallons (11 to 19 liters) of water to spray plants or using the concentrate directly to kill wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers and U.S. authorities are finding what they say is an alarming increase in the use of a powerful banned pesticide at illegal marijuana farms hidden on public land in California.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pesticide residue is showing up in about 30 percent of the plants themselves, researcher Mourad Gabriel told The Associated Press. U.S. and state authorities will announce Tuesday that they will use $2.5 million in federal money to target the illegal grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found the highly toxic pesticide Carbofuran at 72 percent of grow sites last year, up from 15 percent in 2012, said Gabriel, executive director and senior ecologist at Integral Ecology Research Center and one of the few researchers studying the ecological impact of illicit grow sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long allowed medicinal marijuana and legalized recreational pot this year. While U.S. Attorney McGregor Scott will enforce federal laws that ban the drug, he said he is targeting illicit grows on public land with cooperation from California’s attorney general and the state’s National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is happening here is illegal for all purposes under anybody’s law,” he said in an interview before Tuesday’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the illegally grown California pot is destined for Midwestern and Eastern states where it is more profitable, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other officials toured a remote contaminated grow site last week where piles of trash remained months after 3,000 to 4,000 plants were removed. Officials said they are concerned the chemical residue could wash into a watershed and eventually reach areas where increasingly rare salmon breed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A danger before legalization in California was the uncertainty of what was in pot products, but authorities say the rise in Carbofuran use poses an increased danger. Gabriel’s research found that traces of the chemical are showing up in pot but did not attempt to quantify how much was in each sample or its effects on people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical is intended for use as an insecticide but is so powerful that a quarter of a teaspoon can kill a 300-pound (136-kilogram) bear, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by Gabriel and colleagues previously showed that the use of pesticides at illegal marijuana farms is poisoning significant numbers of California’s few hundred remaining fishers, a threatened weasel-like mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbofuran can’t legally be used in the United States, and every bottle found at the grow sites since 2012 has been labeled in Spanish, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said it is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana. Laborers, who must carry the plants, fertilizer, irrigation hose and camping supplies into faraway sites, tell Gabriel that the remoteness is one reason highly toxic Carbofuran is so popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they are saying to us is this is extremely effective — it takes a little amount to kill a deer or a bear — so we don’t need to bring a lot of it to last a season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At normal levels, a typical bottle containing less than 1 liter should be diluted with up to 5,000 gallons (18,927 liters) of water, he said. But illegal growers are diluting it with just 3 to 5 gallons (11 to 19 liters) of water to spray plants or using the concentrate directly to kill wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?",
"headTitle": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">Y\u003c/span>ou can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of bayfront, in at least forty communities that touch water, the once-sneaky problem of sea level rise is revealing itself as it accelerates. At airports, at power plants, in subsiding urban areas and in shoreline development, rising seas are challenging our choices about living next to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Richard Mullane, Hassell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A History of Defending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ince the days when our best gauge was a numbered stick and a sharp-eyed observer, San Francisco Bay has been rising. At the Presidio station tidal gauge, the level of the bay has risen 8 inches since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water claims more space in our bay, we can choose to embrace it, or separate ourselves from it. We can learn to love a wetter landscape, or battle flooding and the risk we perceive from it. And over the past century, we’ve mostly chosen the latter course: to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s What’s in the Path of Sea Level Rise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Scientists say climate change could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100, a time when many of of today’s children will still be living. Everything from driving to flying to flushing your toilet is at risk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our traditional historic development pattern is where we built to the bay shore or in many cases into the bay,” says \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/profile/dave-pine\">Dave Pine\u003c/a>, a San Mateo County supervisor. “So we don’t have any natural protection against the rising Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural protection includes mounded earth that can absorb water and lowlands where it can flood without damaging buildings or putting the power out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dw6ZU0luAwX6x2e4o0BnRIW3uinSzyH5″]Climate change is now pressing on a shoreline devoid of that protection, a shoreline mostly locked in place by a century of development decisions. Our predecessors filled in 80% of historic marshes, widened and spread out the lowest-lying lands along the water, and built critical resources in places most likely to flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area,” says Richard Mullane, a principal landscape architect \u003ca href=\"https://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-news/introducing-hassell-principal-richard-mullane\">with the international firm Hassell\u003c/a>. Mullane has worked in Asia and Australia, and spent the past year working in San Mateo County. “There’s just so much low-lying land that’s impacted by even small amounts of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walls Narrow Everyone’s Options\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>lacing water treatment plants at sea level was once an engineering no-brainer: gravity drove sewage downhill, and sent treated wastewater directly into coastal waters, so these plants were more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924586\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foster City Manager Jeff Moneda says it’s not just homes that are threatened by flooding from rising seas and extreme storms. It’s critical systems, including electricity and water. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But now, fifteen water treatment plants around San Francisco Bay have a sea level rise problem, and \u003ca href=\"https://bacwa.org/document/february-16-2018-bacwa-executive-board-meeting-packet/\">a dozen more could develop one\u003c/a> within your children’s or grandchildren’s lifetimes. If one fails, people inland and upland couldn’t flush their toilets; this kind of flooding would affect five times as many people on average as coastal flooding alone does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise reveals to us that, in critical ways, the line we draw between water and land is an illusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of bay shorelines is, we define a line that separates water and land and we function on the land side of that line,” says \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at UC Berkeley who has studied the physics of the San Francisco Bay. “Shorelines are meant to be dynamic,” he says. “And once you lock them in place you’re creating an unnatural and an engineered shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you have the right to preserve your shorelines where they are or do you have an obligation to allow waters to go where they would naturally go?” Stacey wonders. “And what are the implications if your action affects those same questions for somebody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationships among moving waters and the surrounding land are complex, connected, and interdependent – and that’s influencing how some people envision the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924623\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portions of San Francisco’s Embarcadero flood during a king tide on January 11, 2017. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hard lines create the promise of risk reduction when they can’t really offer that,” says Marcel Wilson, a landscape architect who’s been working on solutions for sea level rise in San Rafael. “What they do is, they cause risk to be built up more and more, and if we can’t see that, then collectively we’ve learned nothing from the conditions that we’re seeing right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are Some Walls Necessary?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he problem is, year after year we’ve committed to living behind these lines. Billions of dollars in housing, critical infrastructure and other assets are defended by walls and levees. In some places, public officials say there’s no choice but the choice we’ve already made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Some walls are necessary and good.’\u003ccite>Larry Goldzband, BCDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two cities are seeking public support for raising walls along San Francisco Bay – Foster City voters will decide one measure on June 5, and San Francisco may weigh in on its ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P in Foster City asks voters to approve a $90 million tax to raise the city’s levee. No marshes or tidal lands protect Foster City; they were destroyed with tons of sand to create a bedroom community for Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, officials say multiple natural threats demand immediate repairs to the seawall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of San Francisco’s resilience director, Lindy Lowe, weaves among schoolkids and scooters, tourists and Tuesday lunchgoers: it’s a sunny, showoff day along the Embarcadero. Under our feet is the seawall that destroyed San Francisco’s marshlands, added acres to the city and turned the port into a deep-water powerhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3936px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3936\" height=\"2624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg 3936w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3936px) 100vw, 3936px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local playground in San Rafael that is near the city’s canal and has experienced flooding, according to Shore Up Marin. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the wall is vulnerable, both to king tides and earthquakes. High tides routinely spill over the Embarcadero. More important, the seawall could fail today, in a major quake. The Embarcadero could drop several feet in an instant, and critical utility, transportation and communication systems could fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the Port of San Francisco aims to ask voters to approve a $425 million bond to help protect the Embarcadero seawall from seismic and sea level risk. That would be the first bite into a project that could total three to five billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These price tags may sound high. But behind these dividing lines are billions of dollars in property. Policymakers say strengthening those defenses is both cost-effective and necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason to try to put a marvelous new wetland in front of the Embarcadero,” says Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission. “Some walls are necessary and good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embracing the Water By Designing With It in Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/05/PetersonSeaLevelRisePart2.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31131_IMG_9142-sfi.jpg\" Title=\"Sea Level Rise Part II: Designing With Water In Mind\" program=\"KQED Science\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>rban designers have been exploring alternatives to walls over the last year, in the Rockefeller Foundation-funded Resilient by Design challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need things that don’t have as much maintenance,” says UC Berkeley urban ecologist Kristina Hill, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-leandro-bay/\">the All-Bay Collective team in East Oakland\u003c/a>. “Landscapes are strong and muscular and they do an enormous amount of work for us. This isn’t jewelry. This is muscle. This is doing work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road.’\u003ccite>Marcel Wilson, Landscape Architect\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s logic Bay Area voters already have supported on a large scale, passing Measure AA in 2016. The $12 parcel tax now raises $25 million a year to restore tidal wetlands that have disappeared around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are remarkable things both for the ecosystem and for flood protection,” says Dave Pine, who also chairs the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, which oversees Measure AA revenue. He acknowledges that there’s a gap between the need and the funds; of 22 projects that applied for the first round of restoration funds, only \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/sf-bay-restoration-authority-current-projects-TEST.php\">9 will get a kick-start\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscape architect Marcel Wilson hopes San Rafael can get some of those funds. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-rafael/\">has spent a year\u003c/a> in that city’s canal neighborhood, one of Marin’s most vulnerable places. Here, workforce housing shares blue water with yacht clubs. A traditional defense against rising waters here would rely on gates, bigger pumps, and taller walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Wilson’s team has been pushing to use raised earth to absorb water, and curved lines to redirect wave energy rather than bounce it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road,” Wilson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the canal neighborhood, that would mean sharing space with water, abandoning low-lying buildings, and using natural berms as a means of control. It’ll take a lot to accomplish, but Wilson’s not daunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the beginning of an era of change,” Wilson says. “I see the opportunity for intervention. I see conditions that previous generations haven’t had to solve. And that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of shoreline, where at least 40 communities touch water, rising seas are challenging our choices about how to live with them.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">Y\u003c/span>ou can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of bayfront, in at least forty communities that touch water, the once-sneaky problem of sea level rise is revealing itself as it accelerates. At airports, at power plants, in subsiding urban areas and in shoreline development, rising seas are challenging our choices about living next to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Richard Mullane, Hassell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A History of Defending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ince the days when our best gauge was a numbered stick and a sharp-eyed observer, San Francisco Bay has been rising. At the Presidio station tidal gauge, the level of the bay has risen 8 inches since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water claims more space in our bay, we can choose to embrace it, or separate ourselves from it. We can learn to love a wetter landscape, or battle flooding and the risk we perceive from it. And over the past century, we’ve mostly chosen the latter course: to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s What’s in the Path of Sea Level Rise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Scientists say climate change could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100, a time when many of of today’s children will still be living. Everything from driving to flying to flushing your toilet is at risk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our traditional historic development pattern is where we built to the bay shore or in many cases into the bay,” says \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/profile/dave-pine\">Dave Pine\u003c/a>, a San Mateo County supervisor. “So we don’t have any natural protection against the rising Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural protection includes mounded earth that can absorb water and lowlands where it can flood without damaging buildings or putting the power out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Climate change is now pressing on a shoreline devoid of that protection, a shoreline mostly locked in place by a century of development decisions. Our predecessors filled in 80% of historic marshes, widened and spread out the lowest-lying lands along the water, and built critical resources in places most likely to flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area,” says Richard Mullane, a principal landscape architect \u003ca href=\"https://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-news/introducing-hassell-principal-richard-mullane\">with the international firm Hassell\u003c/a>. Mullane has worked in Asia and Australia, and spent the past year working in San Mateo County. “There’s just so much low-lying land that’s impacted by even small amounts of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walls Narrow Everyone’s Options\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>lacing water treatment plants at sea level was once an engineering no-brainer: gravity drove sewage downhill, and sent treated wastewater directly into coastal waters, so these plants were more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924586\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foster City Manager Jeff Moneda says it’s not just homes that are threatened by flooding from rising seas and extreme storms. It’s critical systems, including electricity and water. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But now, fifteen water treatment plants around San Francisco Bay have a sea level rise problem, and \u003ca href=\"https://bacwa.org/document/february-16-2018-bacwa-executive-board-meeting-packet/\">a dozen more could develop one\u003c/a> within your children’s or grandchildren’s lifetimes. If one fails, people inland and upland couldn’t flush their toilets; this kind of flooding would affect five times as many people on average as coastal flooding alone does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise reveals to us that, in critical ways, the line we draw between water and land is an illusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of bay shorelines is, we define a line that separates water and land and we function on the land side of that line,” says \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at UC Berkeley who has studied the physics of the San Francisco Bay. “Shorelines are meant to be dynamic,” he says. “And once you lock them in place you’re creating an unnatural and an engineered shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you have the right to preserve your shorelines where they are or do you have an obligation to allow waters to go where they would naturally go?” Stacey wonders. “And what are the implications if your action affects those same questions for somebody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationships among moving waters and the surrounding land are complex, connected, and interdependent – and that’s influencing how some people envision the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924623\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portions of San Francisco’s Embarcadero flood during a king tide on January 11, 2017. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hard lines create the promise of risk reduction when they can’t really offer that,” says Marcel Wilson, a landscape architect who’s been working on solutions for sea level rise in San Rafael. “What they do is, they cause risk to be built up more and more, and if we can’t see that, then collectively we’ve learned nothing from the conditions that we’re seeing right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are Some Walls Necessary?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he problem is, year after year we’ve committed to living behind these lines. Billions of dollars in housing, critical infrastructure and other assets are defended by walls and levees. In some places, public officials say there’s no choice but the choice we’ve already made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Some walls are necessary and good.’\u003ccite>Larry Goldzband, BCDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two cities are seeking public support for raising walls along San Francisco Bay – Foster City voters will decide one measure on June 5, and San Francisco may weigh in on its ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P in Foster City asks voters to approve a $90 million tax to raise the city’s levee. No marshes or tidal lands protect Foster City; they were destroyed with tons of sand to create a bedroom community for Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, officials say multiple natural threats demand immediate repairs to the seawall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of San Francisco’s resilience director, Lindy Lowe, weaves among schoolkids and scooters, tourists and Tuesday lunchgoers: it’s a sunny, showoff day along the Embarcadero. Under our feet is the seawall that destroyed San Francisco’s marshlands, added acres to the city and turned the port into a deep-water powerhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3936px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3936\" height=\"2624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg 3936w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3936px) 100vw, 3936px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local playground in San Rafael that is near the city’s canal and has experienced flooding, according to Shore Up Marin. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the wall is vulnerable, both to king tides and earthquakes. High tides routinely spill over the Embarcadero. More important, the seawall could fail today, in a major quake. The Embarcadero could drop several feet in an instant, and critical utility, transportation and communication systems could fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the Port of San Francisco aims to ask voters to approve a $425 million bond to help protect the Embarcadero seawall from seismic and sea level risk. That would be the first bite into a project that could total three to five billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These price tags may sound high. But behind these dividing lines are billions of dollars in property. Policymakers say strengthening those defenses is both cost-effective and necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason to try to put a marvelous new wetland in front of the Embarcadero,” says Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission. “Some walls are necessary and good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embracing the Water By Designing With It in Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>rban designers have been exploring alternatives to walls over the last year, in the Rockefeller Foundation-funded Resilient by Design challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need things that don’t have as much maintenance,” says UC Berkeley urban ecologist Kristina Hill, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-leandro-bay/\">the All-Bay Collective team in East Oakland\u003c/a>. “Landscapes are strong and muscular and they do an enormous amount of work for us. This isn’t jewelry. This is muscle. This is doing work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road.’\u003ccite>Marcel Wilson, Landscape Architect\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s logic Bay Area voters already have supported on a large scale, passing Measure AA in 2016. The $12 parcel tax now raises $25 million a year to restore tidal wetlands that have disappeared around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are remarkable things both for the ecosystem and for flood protection,” says Dave Pine, who also chairs the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, which oversees Measure AA revenue. He acknowledges that there’s a gap between the need and the funds; of 22 projects that applied for the first round of restoration funds, only \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/sf-bay-restoration-authority-current-projects-TEST.php\">9 will get a kick-start\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscape architect Marcel Wilson hopes San Rafael can get some of those funds. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-rafael/\">has spent a year\u003c/a> in that city’s canal neighborhood, one of Marin’s most vulnerable places. Here, workforce housing shares blue water with yacht clubs. A traditional defense against rising waters here would rely on gates, bigger pumps, and taller walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Wilson’s team has been pushing to use raised earth to absorb water, and curved lines to redirect wave energy rather than bounce it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road,” Wilson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the canal neighborhood, that would mean sharing space with water, abandoning low-lying buildings, and using natural berms as a means of control. It’ll take a lot to accomplish, but Wilson’s not daunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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