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"content": "\u003cp>It’s not your imagination. A recent spike in home runs \u003cem>has\u003c/em> hit professional baseball.[contextly_sidebar id=”Bm3Ie0mdSoxZXTYlR8rbwPinv7zk5I6F”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/bat.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Major League Baseball’s home run rate\u003c/a> averaged 1.01 per game (it had been 0.86 the year before). In 2016, it grew to 1.16. Last year it was 1.26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theories have abounded as to why, many centering on the balls having been altered, or “juiced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the balls are juiced, 100 percent,” Astros pitcher Dallas Keuchel\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/26/sports/baseball/world-series-home-runs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> said last October\u003c/a> after his team won Game 2 of the World Series. “Major League Baseball wants to put on a show.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the league is attempting to show what is really happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hired a panel of 10 experts — including baseball researchers and professors in engineering, math and physics — who on Thursday \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlb.com/documents/7/9/4/278128794/Full_Report_of_the_Committee_Studying_Home_Run_Rates_in_Major_League_Baseball_052418.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released the findings\u003c/a> of a months-long study in a bid to provide answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-receives-report-on-increased-home-run-rate/c-278136100?tid=267537442\">concluded \u003c/a>that the increased rate of home runs was owing — at least in part — “to a change in the aerodynamic properties of the baseball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huh?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line, the researchers say, the ball is definitely going farther, thanks to reduced drag. \u003ca href=\"https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/ballforce.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drag is the force\u003c/a> working against a flying ball. Less drag means less resistance — a good thing for those who want the ball to go farther.[contextly_sidebar id=”DvTgUUVQpshIKuduVKjw19e71MJeZ28v”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landing on that conclusion was a win, according to Alan Nathan, study chairman and a professor emeritus of physics at the University of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was, to me, an unexpected but very, very satisfying result of this study,” Nathan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the scientists could not say exactly \u003cem>why\u003c/em> there is reduced drag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot find a single property that we can measure that would account for decreased drag,” said Nathan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were, however, able to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-report-on-baseballs-home-run-rates/c-278120310\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">say a few things\u003c/a> about what is \u003cem>not \u003c/em>happening:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. The balls are not juiced. The committee came to that conclusion after testing 15 dozen unused MLB baseballs. (Nathan conceded there is variation year to year within ball samples, “just from normal manufacturing process and measurement uncertainty,” but it is not enough to account for the spike in home runs.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. It’s not because of the weather. While hotter temperatures lower air density and result in reduced drag, the panel found that the home run rate rose even at fixed temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. It’s not the pitchers. The panel found no evidence of a meaningful change in pitching strategies that could account for the spike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan said while a lot of people had come up with conspiracy theories, he and the other panelists took a scientific approach to the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it was important to do that, if for no other reason than to satisfy ourselves and what it is we know and don’t know and to address some of the theories that were out there as to why there was such an increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that he understands some people will be unsatisfied with the panel’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to claim more than we can legitimately claim,” Nathan said. “To admit that there are things that we don’t know, we don’t like to have to admit that. But that’s what we have to admit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee has made several recommendations as a result of the study, including standardizing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2011/10/23/141563522/pro-pitchers-dirty-secret-rubbed-on-every-ball\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">application of mud on the baseballs\u003c/a>, since the texture of the surface impacts drag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, testing to pinpoint the cause of the reduced drag is ongoing, and there remains room for theories — some possibly coming from left field — about just what is going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What%27s+Up+With+All+The+Home+Runs%3F+MLB+Hired+Scientists.+Here%27s+What+They+Found+Out&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hired a panel of 10 experts — including baseball researchers and professors in engineering, math and physics — who on Thursday \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlb.com/documents/7/9/4/278128794/Full_Report_of_the_Committee_Studying_Home_Run_Rates_in_Major_League_Baseball_052418.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released the findings\u003c/a> of a months-long study in a bid to provide answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-receives-report-on-increased-home-run-rate/c-278136100?tid=267537442\">concluded \u003c/a>that the increased rate of home runs was owing — at least in part — “to a change in the aerodynamic properties of the baseball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huh?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line, the researchers say, the ball is definitely going farther, thanks to reduced drag. \u003ca href=\"https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/ballforce.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drag is the force\u003c/a> working against a flying ball. Less drag means less resistance — a good thing for those who want the ball to go farther.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landing on that conclusion was a win, according to Alan Nathan, study chairman and a professor emeritus of physics at the University of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was, to me, an unexpected but very, very satisfying result of this study,” Nathan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the scientists could not say exactly \u003cem>why\u003c/em> there is reduced drag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot find a single property that we can measure that would account for decreased drag,” said Nathan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were, however, able to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-report-on-baseballs-home-run-rates/c-278120310\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">say a few things\u003c/a> about what is \u003cem>not \u003c/em>happening:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. The balls are not juiced. The committee came to that conclusion after testing 15 dozen unused MLB baseballs. (Nathan conceded there is variation year to year within ball samples, “just from normal manufacturing process and measurement uncertainty,” but it is not enough to account for the spike in home runs.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. It’s not because of the weather. While hotter temperatures lower air density and result in reduced drag, the panel found that the home run rate rose even at fixed temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. It’s not the pitchers. The panel found no evidence of a meaningful change in pitching strategies that could account for the spike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan said while a lot of people had come up with conspiracy theories, he and the other panelists took a scientific approach to the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it was important to do that, if for no other reason than to satisfy ourselves and what it is we know and don’t know and to address some of the theories that were out there as to why there was such an increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that he understands some people will be unsatisfied with the panel’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to claim more than we can legitimately claim,” Nathan said. “To admit that there are things that we don’t know, we don’t like to have to admit that. But that’s what we have to admit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee has made several recommendations as a result of the study, including standardizing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2011/10/23/141563522/pro-pitchers-dirty-secret-rubbed-on-every-ball\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">application of mud on the baseballs\u003c/a>, since the texture of the surface impacts drag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, testing to pinpoint the cause of the reduced drag is ongoing, and there remains room for theories — some possibly coming from left field — about just what is going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What%27s+Up+With+All+The+Home+Runs%3F+MLB+Hired+Scientists.+Here%27s+What+They+Found+Out&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Proposition 68: Money for Parks, Beaches and Water Projects",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/68/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68\u003c/a> is a $4.1 billion bond measure that will clean up dilapidated parks, improve water projects, upgrade flood protection and protect scenic open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 68\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>About two-thirds of the money would be dedicated to parks and wildlife, and one-third would be allocated to water and flood control projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Payments on the bond will cost taxpayers about $200 million annually over 40 years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> (LAO) estimates the\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> infrastructure investments will likely save communities tens of millions of dollars annually.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Here’s how the allocations break down:\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Parks and Recreation: $1.283 billion for neighborhood parks in low-income communities, plus city and county park facilities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Natural Resources: $1.547 billion for conservation projects and climate change preparedness\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water: $1.27 billion for drinking water treatment, groundwater clean-up and flood protection\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did Proposition 68 Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 68 was written by state Sen. Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, and was placed on the ballot by a two-thirds vote of state lawmakers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a neighborhood in San Diego that was all asphalt, that was concrete and cement,” de León says. “No green parks. No open space. No trees for shade. This is an intentional way of democratizing our benefits so that every child regardless of their zip code has access to Mother Nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 68 provides funding for disaster prevention, clean drinking water and safe parks for children and future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923211\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 5184px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg 5184w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5184px) 100vw, 5184px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fellow “fairy lanterns” bloom at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. This year they are especially abundant following the recent wildfire. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Voters have not approved a statewide ballot measure to fund parks, beaches, wildlife and forests in 12 years. Environmentalists say the measure is necessary to protect the state from droughts, floods, sea level rise and wildfires that are likely to increase in intensity under climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never a mistake to invest in people and nature,” said Louis Blumberg, of The Nature Conservancy. “We look back and we always say we are glad we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proponents include the American Lung Association in California, California Chamber of Commerce and The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no organized campaign against the measure. But some critics do not support more state debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t borrow more,” said Sen. John Moorlach, R-Orange County. “We should pay as we go. We actually have extra money because the state has a budget surplus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s budget surplus is $9 billion, but Governor Jerry Brown argues that money should remain in a rainy day fund. Moorlach disagrees because a bond like Proposition 68 will end up costing a lot more than it’s initial price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you borrow money you have to pay double for the infrastructure because of the interest costs,” said Moorlach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interest on Prop. 68 will cost about 200 million dollars annually for 40 years. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> that’s about about one-fifth of one percent of the state’s current General Fund budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California voters have not passed a statewide ballot measure to provide funding for parks, beaches, wildlife and forests since 2006. This measure provides 4.1 billion dollars for parks, beaches and water projects, with a focus on parks in low-income neighborhoods.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/68/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68\u003c/a> is a $4.1 billion bond measure that will clean up dilapidated parks, improve water projects, upgrade flood protection and protect scenic open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 68\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>About two-thirds of the money would be dedicated to parks and wildlife, and one-third would be allocated to water and flood control projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Payments on the bond will cost taxpayers about $200 million annually over 40 years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> (LAO) estimates the\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> infrastructure investments will likely save communities tens of millions of dollars annually.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Here’s how the allocations break down:\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Parks and Recreation: $1.283 billion for neighborhood parks in low-income communities, plus city and county park facilities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Natural Resources: $1.547 billion for conservation projects and climate change preparedness\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water: $1.27 billion for drinking water treatment, groundwater clean-up and flood protection\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did Proposition 68 Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 68 was written by state Sen. Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, and was placed on the ballot by a two-thirds vote of state lawmakers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a neighborhood in San Diego that was all asphalt, that was concrete and cement,” de León says. “No green parks. No open space. No trees for shade. This is an intentional way of democratizing our benefits so that every child regardless of their zip code has access to Mother Nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 68 provides funding for disaster prevention, clean drinking water and safe parks for children and future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923211\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 5184px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg 5184w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5184px) 100vw, 5184px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fellow “fairy lanterns” bloom at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. This year they are especially abundant following the recent wildfire. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Voters have not approved a statewide ballot measure to fund parks, beaches, wildlife and forests in 12 years. Environmentalists say the measure is necessary to protect the state from droughts, floods, sea level rise and wildfires that are likely to increase in intensity under climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never a mistake to invest in people and nature,” said Louis Blumberg, of The Nature Conservancy. “We look back and we always say we are glad we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proponents include the American Lung Association in California, California Chamber of Commerce and The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no organized campaign against the measure. But some critics do not support more state debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t borrow more,” said Sen. John Moorlach, R-Orange County. “We should pay as we go. We actually have extra money because the state has a budget surplus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s budget surplus is $9 billion, but Governor Jerry Brown argues that money should remain in a rainy day fund. Moorlach disagrees because a bond like Proposition 68 will end up costing a lot more than it’s initial price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you borrow money you have to pay double for the infrastructure because of the interest costs,” said Moorlach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interest on Prop. 68 will cost about 200 million dollars annually for 40 years. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> that’s about about one-fifth of one percent of the state’s current General Fund budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Scientists Take A Ride On The Pacific's 'Shark Highway'",
"headTitle": "Scientists Take A Ride On The Pacific’s ‘Shark Highway’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have videotaped sharks traveling a 500-mile-long “shark highway” in the Pacific, and they plan to turn it into a protected wildlife corridor in the ocean.[contextly_sidebar id=”xz7uIeYNec1nMeR7ecUq53TDhuqehPaF”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have been attaching electronic tags to sharks near Costa Rica for years. They knew the sharks sometimes traveled south to the Galapagos Islands, but they’d never actually witnessed it. And they needed scientific — and visual — evidence to make their case for protecting the route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they took some GoPro-style cameras and attached them to metal frames along with bloody fish bait. They’re called BRUVS, for “baited remote underwater video system.” The researchers dragged these contraptions behind a research vessel for almost two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they waited, and waited, spending hours watching live video of nothing but blue water — until dozens of sharks suddenly swam out of the gloom and into view. “Amazing,” biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.mespinozamen.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mario Espinoza\u003c/a> says of the moment. “We actually documented over 16 species of sharks and fish, also sea turtles and dolphins. … It’s really surprising to see that many animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharks dominated — mostly hammerheads but also thresher sharks and silky sharks. Sometimes a single video frame captured dozens of them. What the scientists were witnessing is a continuous “swimway” of large marine animals. It starts in Cocos Island in Costa Rica and extends to the Galapagos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The route follows a range of underwater mountains. Called sea mounts, some of their peaks extend fairly close to the surface. “So this was the first time we actually documented animals using these seamounts,” Espinoza says. “We don’t know exactly whether they are feeding or they’re like stopping by or using these seamounts as navigation routes.”[contextly_sidebar id=”EDVOgf4QMVd6JZX8JKyrerfAYN8FchM4”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Road signs, perhaps, or drive-through restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza is at the University of Costa Rica, and the expedition was organized by a Costa Rican group called Pacifico. Zdenka Piskulich, president of the Pacifico Foundation, says it’s a challenge to get people interested in some sort of fish corridor in the middle of the ocean. “But finally we have visual evidence that there is a huge abundance in this area that needs to be protected, that there really is a highway,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocos Island and the Galapagos already have protected areas for fish, but the highway isn’t part of that, according to Lee Crockett of the Shark Conservation Fund, one of the effort’s sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once [sharks] get outside the protected area, its fair game,” he says. “And there’s lots of high seas fishing for tuna. It’s mostly long lines, and they catch a lot of sharks and a lot of turtles.” Some hammerhead shark species are endangered and others are in decline, as well as many turtle species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team and its sponsors are hoping to establish something new here: a marine protected area that’s not just a patch of ocean or reef, but a wildlife corridor in the ocean that extends for hundreds of miles. “That’s why we’re excited about this as kind of the next step in conservation,” Crockett says, “to establish these corridors or swimways between these protected areas so they get complete protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a highway that doesn’t go \u003cem>through\u003c/em> mountains, but above them. One with a great view, for sure, but unless you’re a shark, probably not a place where you’d want to hitchhike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Take+A+Ride+On+The+Pacific%27s+%27Shark+Highway%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have videotaped sharks traveling a 500-mile-long “shark highway” in the Pacific, and they plan to turn it into a protected wildlife corridor in the ocean.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have been attaching electronic tags to sharks near Costa Rica for years. They knew the sharks sometimes traveled south to the Galapagos Islands, but they’d never actually witnessed it. And they needed scientific — and visual — evidence to make their case for protecting the route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they took some GoPro-style cameras and attached them to metal frames along with bloody fish bait. They’re called BRUVS, for “baited remote underwater video system.” The researchers dragged these contraptions behind a research vessel for almost two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they waited, and waited, spending hours watching live video of nothing but blue water — until dozens of sharks suddenly swam out of the gloom and into view. “Amazing,” biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.mespinozamen.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mario Espinoza\u003c/a> says of the moment. “We actually documented over 16 species of sharks and fish, also sea turtles and dolphins. … It’s really surprising to see that many animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharks dominated — mostly hammerheads but also thresher sharks and silky sharks. Sometimes a single video frame captured dozens of them. What the scientists were witnessing is a continuous “swimway” of large marine animals. It starts in Cocos Island in Costa Rica and extends to the Galapagos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The route follows a range of underwater mountains. Called sea mounts, some of their peaks extend fairly close to the surface. “So this was the first time we actually documented animals using these seamounts,” Espinoza says. “We don’t know exactly whether they are feeding or they’re like stopping by or using these seamounts as navigation routes.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Road signs, perhaps, or drive-through restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza is at the University of Costa Rica, and the expedition was organized by a Costa Rican group called Pacifico. Zdenka Piskulich, president of the Pacifico Foundation, says it’s a challenge to get people interested in some sort of fish corridor in the middle of the ocean. “But finally we have visual evidence that there is a huge abundance in this area that needs to be protected, that there really is a highway,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocos Island and the Galapagos already have protected areas for fish, but the highway isn’t part of that, according to Lee Crockett of the Shark Conservation Fund, one of the effort’s sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once [sharks] get outside the protected area, its fair game,” he says. “And there’s lots of high seas fishing for tuna. It’s mostly long lines, and they catch a lot of sharks and a lot of turtles.” Some hammerhead shark species are endangered and others are in decline, as well as many turtle species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team and its sponsors are hoping to establish something new here: a marine protected area that’s not just a patch of ocean or reef, but a wildlife corridor in the ocean that extends for hundreds of miles. “That’s why we’re excited about this as kind of the next step in conservation,” Crockett says, “to establish these corridors or swimways between these protected areas so they get complete protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a highway that doesn’t go \u003cem>through\u003c/em> mountains, but above them. One with a great view, for sure, but unless you’re a shark, probably not a place where you’d want to hitchhike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Take+A+Ride+On+The+Pacific%27s+%27Shark+Highway%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit",
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"content": "\u003cp>[audio mp3=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ClimateLiabilityWestervelt180525.mp3\"][/audio]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: May 24, 6:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\nby Amy Westervelt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Oakland and San Francisco against large oil companies will move forward. But not because Judge William Alsup ruled on the oil companies’ motions to dismiss the case at today’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead Alsup is asking both sides to prepare additional written arguments by next week. He’s requested each provide a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-page brief outlining whether he needs to balance the benefits of fossil fuels with their impacts in this case, and why. \u003c/span>He’s also given them two months to collect more evidence, in the form of documents and interviews. The additional evidence is meant to clarify whether the case is within the jurisdiction of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final ruling on the motions to dismiss is expected in August. If the case does move forward, it could be the first of its kind to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s a make-or-break day in court for the Bay Area cities claiming oil companies are legally responsible for climate change impacts. On Thursday, a federal judge will hear arguments about \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-con\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">whether to dismiss claims\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from San Francisco and Oakland against Chevron, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem,” says Josh Lipshutz, a partner at Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, the firm representing Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cities argue that carbon emissions from the fossil fuels produced, refined and sold by the companies are directly responsible for changing climate and for its key impact along Bay Area shorelines: rising seas. Last September, cities brought claims under California public nuisance law, which has offered relief where companies fail to notify customers of the dangers of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco and Oakland are seeking millions of dollars to help the region adapt to rising sea levels. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">state-commissioned report on climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year found that sea levels could swell by more than three feet by century’s end, and in catastrophic emissions scenarios, by as much as 10 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>’Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem.’\u003ccite>Josh Lipshutz, Lawyer for Chevron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawyers for the oil companies countered, successfully, that federal law governs the companies’ activity, forcing the cities to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">amend\u003c/span> their initial claims. The companies also maintain that no federal common law claim exists to provide the cities a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate science \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434\">has played a prominent role\u003c/a> in the early stages of the legal dispute. District Court Judge William Alsup drew attention to the case \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\">when he took the unorthodox step\u003c/a> of asking both sides for a “climate tutorial,” back in March. At the same time, he also invited the Trump Administration to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a friend-of-the-court brief, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/2018051\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">filed two weeks ago\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the federal Justice Department has argued that the Clean Air Act preempts the cities’ common law claims, and that federal regulators — not courts — should handle the problems of carbon emissions and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Three states – California, New Jersey, and Washington – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180503_docket-317-cv-06011_amicus-motion-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have sought the right to file an amicus brief\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on behalf of San Francisco and Oakland, while Republican attorneys general from 15 states, including Colorado, Kansas, and Louisiana, \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/INAG/2018/04/20/file_attachments/994064/Amicus%2BBrief%2B224-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">have sided\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Thursday hearing, Judge Alsup could agree to dismiss the case on the spot, order the cities to amend their claims further, or permit the case to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the dispute between these two cities and five oil companies has proceeded in one federal courtroom, in another, similar legal claims are taking a more circuitous route forward. In March, federal District Court Judge Vince Chhabria sent claims from three other local jurisdictions – San Mateo County, Marin, and Imperial Beach – to state court. Those claims remain in legal limbo while the industry defendants seek to move them back to federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If Alsup sends San Francisco and Oakland’s claims forward to trial, it would be the first climate liability case to get that far.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: May 24, 6:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\nby Amy Westervelt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Oakland and San Francisco against large oil companies will move forward. But not because Judge William Alsup ruled on the oil companies’ motions to dismiss the case at today’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead Alsup is asking both sides to prepare additional written arguments by next week. He’s requested each provide a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-page brief outlining whether he needs to balance the benefits of fossil fuels with their impacts in this case, and why. \u003c/span>He’s also given them two months to collect more evidence, in the form of documents and interviews. The additional evidence is meant to clarify whether the case is within the jurisdiction of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final ruling on the motions to dismiss is expected in August. If the case does move forward, it could be the first of its kind to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s a make-or-break day in court for the Bay Area cities claiming oil companies are legally responsible for climate change impacts. On Thursday, a federal judge will hear arguments about \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-con\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">whether to dismiss claims\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from San Francisco and Oakland against Chevron, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem,” says Josh Lipshutz, a partner at Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, the firm representing Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cities argue that carbon emissions from the fossil fuels produced, refined and sold by the companies are directly responsible for changing climate and for its key impact along Bay Area shorelines: rising seas. Last September, cities brought claims under California public nuisance law, which has offered relief where companies fail to notify customers of the dangers of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco and Oakland are seeking millions of dollars to help the region adapt to rising sea levels. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">state-commissioned report on climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year found that sea levels could swell by more than three feet by century’s end, and in catastrophic emissions scenarios, by as much as 10 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>’Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem.’\u003ccite>Josh Lipshutz, Lawyer for Chevron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawyers for the oil companies countered, successfully, that federal law governs the companies’ activity, forcing the cities to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">amend\u003c/span> their initial claims. The companies also maintain that no federal common law claim exists to provide the cities a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate science \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434\">has played a prominent role\u003c/a> in the early stages of the legal dispute. District Court Judge William Alsup drew attention to the case \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\">when he took the unorthodox step\u003c/a> of asking both sides for a “climate tutorial,” back in March. At the same time, he also invited the Trump Administration to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a friend-of-the-court brief, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/2018051\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">filed two weeks ago\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the federal Justice Department has argued that the Clean Air Act preempts the cities’ common law claims, and that federal regulators — not courts — should handle the problems of carbon emissions and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Three states – California, New Jersey, and Washington – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180503_docket-317-cv-06011_amicus-motion-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have sought the right to file an amicus brief\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on behalf of San Francisco and Oakland, while Republican attorneys general from 15 states, including Colorado, Kansas, and Louisiana, \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/INAG/2018/04/20/file_attachments/994064/Amicus%2BBrief%2B224-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">have sided\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Thursday hearing, Judge Alsup could agree to dismiss the case on the spot, order the cities to amend their claims further, or permit the case to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the dispute between these two cities and five oil companies has proceeded in one federal courtroom, in another, similar legal claims are taking a more circuitous route forward. In March, federal District Court Judge Vince Chhabria sent claims from three other local jurisdictions – San Mateo County, Marin, and Imperial Beach – to state court. Those claims remain in legal limbo while the industry defendants seek to move them back to federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If Alsup sends San Francisco and Oakland’s claims forward to trial, it would be the first climate liability case to get that far.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Push to Ban Coral-Killing Sunscreens Goes National",
"headTitle": "Push to Ban Coral-Killing Sunscreens Goes National | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>An environmental group has \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2018/corals-05-23-2018.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">petitioned\u003c/a> the federal government to ban two coral-killing chemicals from sunscreen and personal care products, just weeks after Hawaii passed a law banning their sale due to alleged toxic effects on marine life.[contextly_sidebar id=”iy7wlGpuXGBaFvWtWUrlXN0ABOSaQGlN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a> petitioned the Food and Drug Administration to ban products containing oxybenzone and octinoxate, noting that even a miniscule amount of oxybenzone is toxic to corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science is clearer every day that coral-killing chemicals are in our sunscreens,” says CBD biologist and lead attorney Emily Jeffers. “This is a nationwide problem and applies everywhere, even to people who don’t live next to the ocean. Whatever sunscreen people apply rubs off into water sources, which eventually flow back into the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is already wreaking havoc on coral reefs, says Jeffers, and the added stress of chemical contamination is only deepening the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A widely cited \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6371/80\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2015 study\u003c/a> found that oxybenzone and octinoxate, which function as UV blockers, disrupt marine life and contribute to coral bleaching, which occurs when heat stress drives out nutrient-rich algae, which is the coral’s food source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once extremely rare, incidents of oral bleaching have increased fourfold over the last three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Studies find that corals are bleaching due to high water temperature. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees that the two chemicals are to blame for the destruction of coral reefs. Trade groups for cosmetics and over-the-counter drug companies have \u003ca href=\"https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/login?URI=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F02%2F19%2Ftravel%2Fmost-sunscreens-can-harm-coral-reefs-what-should-travelers-do.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pointed to\u003c/a> other culprits such as global warming and overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the ban in Hawaii, the Consumer Healthcare Products Association\u003ca href=\"https://chpa.org/SunscreenBan2018.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> accused\u003c/a> the state’s legislature of compromising the safety and welfare of residents by effectively banning at least 70 percent of sunscreen products currently on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jeffers says that plenty of alternatives exist for effective sunscreen protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want people to use sunscreen to protect against skin cancer and there are so many non-toxic alternatives out there,” she says. “So why would we voluntarily put chemicals into our oceans? There’s a way to protect your skin and corals at the same time and that’s what we should be doing.”[contextly_sidebar id=”9uDNWCty7Drr3GiXzu4UpatCYNuGwYZ8”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CBD petition comes one day after the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/sunscreen/report/executive-summary/#.WwXTCqqpVeU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Working Group\u003c/a> published its annual sunscreen guide, which found oxybenzone in two-thirds of the 650 sunscreens it reviewed. The group cites oxybenzone as an environmental and health hazard that acts as a hormone disruptor and is measured in the body of nearly every American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For safe and effective sunscreens, the EWG guide recommends products containing zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An environmental group has \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2018/corals-05-23-2018.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">petitioned\u003c/a> the federal government to ban two coral-killing chemicals from sunscreen and personal care products, just weeks after Hawaii passed a law banning their sale due to alleged toxic effects on marine life.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a> petitioned the Food and Drug Administration to ban products containing oxybenzone and octinoxate, noting that even a miniscule amount of oxybenzone is toxic to corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science is clearer every day that coral-killing chemicals are in our sunscreens,” says CBD biologist and lead attorney Emily Jeffers. “This is a nationwide problem and applies everywhere, even to people who don’t live next to the ocean. Whatever sunscreen people apply rubs off into water sources, which eventually flow back into the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is already wreaking havoc on coral reefs, says Jeffers, and the added stress of chemical contamination is only deepening the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A widely cited \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6371/80\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2015 study\u003c/a> found that oxybenzone and octinoxate, which function as UV blockers, disrupt marine life and contribute to coral bleaching, which occurs when heat stress drives out nutrient-rich algae, which is the coral’s food source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once extremely rare, incidents of oral bleaching have increased fourfold over the last three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/iStock-528164381-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Studies find that corals are bleaching due to high water temperature. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees that the two chemicals are to blame for the destruction of coral reefs. Trade groups for cosmetics and over-the-counter drug companies have \u003ca href=\"https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/login?URI=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F02%2F19%2Ftravel%2Fmost-sunscreens-can-harm-coral-reefs-what-should-travelers-do.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pointed to\u003c/a> other culprits such as global warming and overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the ban in Hawaii, the Consumer Healthcare Products Association\u003ca href=\"https://chpa.org/SunscreenBan2018.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> accused\u003c/a> the state’s legislature of compromising the safety and welfare of residents by effectively banning at least 70 percent of sunscreen products currently on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jeffers says that plenty of alternatives exist for effective sunscreen protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want people to use sunscreen to protect against skin cancer and there are so many non-toxic alternatives out there,” she says. “So why would we voluntarily put chemicals into our oceans? There’s a way to protect your skin and corals at the same time and that’s what we should be doing.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CBD petition comes one day after the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/sunscreen/report/executive-summary/#.WwXTCqqpVeU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Working Group\u003c/a> published its annual sunscreen guide, which found oxybenzone in two-thirds of the 650 sunscreens it reviewed. The group cites oxybenzone as an environmental and health hazard that acts as a hormone disruptor and is measured in the body of nearly every American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For safe and effective sunscreens, the EWG guide recommends products containing zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Checking the Math On Cap And Trade, Some Experts Say It’s Not Adding Up",
"headTitle": "Checking the Math On Cap And Trade, Some Experts Say It’s Not Adding Up | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As California accelerates its efforts to reduce greenhouses gases over the next decade, experts are pointing to vulnerabilities in its celebrated cap-and-trade system, weaknesses that could make the state’s goals difficult—even impossible—to reach.[contextly_sidebar id=”0xCbhs39gK6664SED8MRTuo0WlzFiHJZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap and trade, featuring a market where permission to pollute is bought and sold, is a key mechanism California uses to lower the volume of harmful discharges by industries that are subject to state emissions caps. But as the California Air Resources Board ponders a major retrofitting of the highly complex program, state analysts say that in a little over a decade emissions could soar much higher than the legally binding level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Checking the math on cap and trade has taken on urgency this year because the state is leaning more heavily on the system to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The air board \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projects\u003c/a> the program will account for about 46 percent of annual reductions in coming years, a figure that has surprised many experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One calculation is out of California’s control: a possible political shift in Ontario, Canada, after provincial elections there next month. One leading candidate has vowed to dismantle the province’s cap-and-trade system, which participates in California’s emissions-trading market. A Canadian withdrawal could undermine California officials’ message about its stability and growth as they recruit other states and nations to join.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far more troubling are red flags highlighted in reports from academia, the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office, independent market experts and other major carbon markets, all concluding that California has a serious problem with too many unused pollution credits.[contextly_sidebar id=”pydcypHcJLfS22mjQ4Zv0n7XyuPAqYX6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the cap-and-trade system, major polluters must either produce fewer greenhouse gases to comply with California’s emissions caps or buy credits to offset their excess emissions from companies that pollute less. Credits are traded at state-sanctioned auctions and on secondary markets. And the state gives some free to utilities, natural-gas suppliers and industries that are vulnerable to out-of-state competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have not yet needed to use up the allowances to stay within state emissions limits and probably won’t have to in the next couple of years, according to some analysts, who estimate there are hundreds of millions of unused credits in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is a glut of credits that could allow businesses to keep polluting past state limits in later years, after the overall cap becomes more restrictive. Unless the oversupply is addressed, experts say, polluters will have no incentive to cut emissions to required levels by 2030; instead, industries could continue polluting and use banked allowances to offset their emissions and technically keep them under the cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislative Analyst’s Office foresees a reckoning, \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3719\">estimating\u003c/a> that because of excess allowances, actual emissions could be as much as 30 percent over the statewide target by 2030.[contextly_sidebar id=”1FUOJxcgGZAGZ3NWS0BDBo2Jwfxkmd4X”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One analyst likened the problem to a game of musical chairs that starts with too many chairs and allows participants to save seats for later. The issue has plagued both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/28/reform-of-eu-carbon-trading-scheme-agreed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Union’s\u003c/a> carbon-trading system and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rggi.org/sites/default/files/Uploads/Program-Review/12-19-2017/Announcement_Completed_Model_Rule.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative\u003c/a>, a consortium of nine eastern U.S. states that sells credits for the electricity sector. Both markets have put policies in place to limit surpluses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, lawmakers instructed the air board to examine the issue last year, and the agency has steadfastly maintained that the surplus of credits will not imperil California’s fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rajinder Sahota, who oversees much of the cap-and-trade program for the air board, has testified numerous times before the Legislature on this topic. On each occasion she has assured lawmakers that the system is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not believe that there are unused allowances in the system that will hinder our goals for 2020,” she told CALmatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She didn’t address how allowances might play out in subsequent years. But the agency forecasts that the state will also meet its 2030 target, when emissions limits will tighten dramatically, the number of free allowances will come down and the cap-and-trade program will expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the skeptics is Ontario’s environmental oversight agency. The commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://docs.assets.eco.on.ca/reports/climate-change/2017/From-Plan-to-Progress.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual report\u003c/a> in January stated flatly that California has an oversupply of allowances that could last for the life of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that the board believes…they don’t have an oversupply problem,” said \u003ca href=\"https://eco.on.ca/about-us/commissioner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dianne Saxe\u003c/a>, the environmental commissioner of Ontario. “Frankly, we don’t understand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disconnect will be addressed this week in a hearing before the newly formed Joint \u003ca href=\"http://climatechangepolicies.legislature.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Committee on Climate Change Policies\u003c/a>. The committee chairman, Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia, a Democrat from Coachella, said the air board will be grilled on how it intends to manage allowances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our numbers don’t pencil out to be the same numbers they propose,” Garcia said. “We will go back and reexamine the numbers they are projecting. We have some questions about how they got there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danny Cullenward is an energy economist with the climate-change think tank Near Zero and teaches environmental law at Stanford University. He’s also a member of the newly established Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee that is charged with reviewing the mechanics of cap and trade. He says the air board not only got its \u003ca href=\"http://wp.nearzero.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Near-Zero-Post-2020-Caps-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projections\u003c/a> wrong but also used an incorrect model for its calculations. The board’s most recent estimates are off by 10 percent and used a model that the agency identified in 2010 as problematic, he said in an interview.[contextly_sidebar id=”U5xXa4nbIchABlRUuFPmPSS0WtwtOvua”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t emphasize enough, this is a basic question of scientific integrity,” Cullenward said. The board has been reluctant to engage outside experts on the issue of allowances, “in a rush to justify that this is not a problem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said external studies have not taken into account that allowances are set aside if they have gone unsold for 24 months—a “self-ratcheting mechanism,” she said, that prevents a glut on the market. The Canadian study, she said, relied on a flawed analysis conducted by Chris Busch, research director at Energy Innovation, a San Francisco-based climate-change and clean-energy think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saxe, the environment commissioner, stood behind the report’s conclusions, saying, “We did our own analysis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Busch, who was among the first researchers to identify the oversupply problem, is a longtime supporter of California’s cap-and-trade system, which he calls the best designed in the world. Busch said he used the air board’s own data to reach his \u003ca href=\"http://energyinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/WCI-oversupply-grows-February-update.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conclusions\u003c/a> about allowances, which he said were conservative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sought to engage the air board to evaluate what they thought of the numbers,” he said. “They didn’t want to engage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said she had not read all of the recent reports, but the air board is taking all the research and criticisms seriously.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As California accelerates its efforts to reduce greenhouses gases over the next decade, experts are pointing to vulnerabilities in its celebrated cap-and-trade system, weaknesses that could make the state’s goals difficult—even impossible—to reach.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap and trade, featuring a market where permission to pollute is bought and sold, is a key mechanism California uses to lower the volume of harmful discharges by industries that are subject to state emissions caps. But as the California Air Resources Board ponders a major retrofitting of the highly complex program, state analysts say that in a little over a decade emissions could soar much higher than the legally binding level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Checking the math on cap and trade has taken on urgency this year because the state is leaning more heavily on the system to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The air board \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projects\u003c/a> the program will account for about 46 percent of annual reductions in coming years, a figure that has surprised many experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One calculation is out of California’s control: a possible political shift in Ontario, Canada, after provincial elections there next month. One leading candidate has vowed to dismantle the province’s cap-and-trade system, which participates in California’s emissions-trading market. A Canadian withdrawal could undermine California officials’ message about its stability and growth as they recruit other states and nations to join.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far more troubling are red flags highlighted in reports from academia, the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office, independent market experts and other major carbon markets, all concluding that California has a serious problem with too many unused pollution credits.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the cap-and-trade system, major polluters must either produce fewer greenhouse gases to comply with California’s emissions caps or buy credits to offset their excess emissions from companies that pollute less. Credits are traded at state-sanctioned auctions and on secondary markets. And the state gives some free to utilities, natural-gas suppliers and industries that are vulnerable to out-of-state competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have not yet needed to use up the allowances to stay within state emissions limits and probably won’t have to in the next couple of years, according to some analysts, who estimate there are hundreds of millions of unused credits in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is a glut of credits that could allow businesses to keep polluting past state limits in later years, after the overall cap becomes more restrictive. Unless the oversupply is addressed, experts say, polluters will have no incentive to cut emissions to required levels by 2030; instead, industries could continue polluting and use banked allowances to offset their emissions and technically keep them under the cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislative Analyst’s Office foresees a reckoning, \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3719\">estimating\u003c/a> that because of excess allowances, actual emissions could be as much as 30 percent over the statewide target by 2030.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One analyst likened the problem to a game of musical chairs that starts with too many chairs and allows participants to save seats for later. The issue has plagued both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/28/reform-of-eu-carbon-trading-scheme-agreed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Union’s\u003c/a> carbon-trading system and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rggi.org/sites/default/files/Uploads/Program-Review/12-19-2017/Announcement_Completed_Model_Rule.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative\u003c/a>, a consortium of nine eastern U.S. states that sells credits for the electricity sector. Both markets have put policies in place to limit surpluses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, lawmakers instructed the air board to examine the issue last year, and the agency has steadfastly maintained that the surplus of credits will not imperil California’s fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rajinder Sahota, who oversees much of the cap-and-trade program for the air board, has testified numerous times before the Legislature on this topic. On each occasion she has assured lawmakers that the system is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not believe that there are unused allowances in the system that will hinder our goals for 2020,” she told CALmatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She didn’t address how allowances might play out in subsequent years. But the agency forecasts that the state will also meet its 2030 target, when emissions limits will tighten dramatically, the number of free allowances will come down and the cap-and-trade program will expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the skeptics is Ontario’s environmental oversight agency. The commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://docs.assets.eco.on.ca/reports/climate-change/2017/From-Plan-to-Progress.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual report\u003c/a> in January stated flatly that California has an oversupply of allowances that could last for the life of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that the board believes…they don’t have an oversupply problem,” said \u003ca href=\"https://eco.on.ca/about-us/commissioner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dianne Saxe\u003c/a>, the environmental commissioner of Ontario. “Frankly, we don’t understand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disconnect will be addressed this week in a hearing before the newly formed Joint \u003ca href=\"http://climatechangepolicies.legislature.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Committee on Climate Change Policies\u003c/a>. The committee chairman, Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia, a Democrat from Coachella, said the air board will be grilled on how it intends to manage allowances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our numbers don’t pencil out to be the same numbers they propose,” Garcia said. “We will go back and reexamine the numbers they are projecting. We have some questions about how they got there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danny Cullenward is an energy economist with the climate-change think tank Near Zero and teaches environmental law at Stanford University. He’s also a member of the newly established Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee that is charged with reviewing the mechanics of cap and trade. He says the air board not only got its \u003ca href=\"http://wp.nearzero.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Near-Zero-Post-2020-Caps-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projections\u003c/a> wrong but also used an incorrect model for its calculations. The board’s most recent estimates are off by 10 percent and used a model that the agency identified in 2010 as problematic, he said in an interview.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t emphasize enough, this is a basic question of scientific integrity,” Cullenward said. The board has been reluctant to engage outside experts on the issue of allowances, “in a rush to justify that this is not a problem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said external studies have not taken into account that allowances are set aside if they have gone unsold for 24 months—a “self-ratcheting mechanism,” she said, that prevents a glut on the market. The Canadian study, she said, relied on a flawed analysis conducted by Chris Busch, research director at Energy Innovation, a San Francisco-based climate-change and clean-energy think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saxe, the environment commissioner, stood behind the report’s conclusions, saying, “We did our own analysis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Busch, who was among the first researchers to identify the oversupply problem, is a longtime supporter of California’s cap-and-trade system, which he calls the best designed in the world. Busch said he used the air board’s own data to reach his \u003ca href=\"http://energyinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/WCI-oversupply-grows-February-update.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conclusions\u003c/a> about allowances, which he said were conservative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sought to engage the air board to evaluate what they thought of the numbers,” he said. “They didn’t want to engage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said she had not read all of the recent reports, but the air board is taking all the research and criticisms seriously.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Little-Known Accounting Policy Could Fuel Green Infrastructure Surge",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the years to come, we’re likely to see a lot more “green” and distributed infrastructure projects from water utilities, like permeable pavement, rainwater capture and efficiency rebates. That’s because coming up with the money needed to scale these projects just got a lot easier.[contextly_sidebar id=”DIms7kZFOMyfTNVNNzAYs2M8vRiOi2iF”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the water world, most big infrastructure projects like treatment facilities and pipelines are usually financed by water agencies selling bonds, which can help them raise millions of dollars for a project that only needs to be paid off a little bit at a time over many years. That’s because these projects are owned by the agencies and are considered an asset on which they can capitalize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But turf removal programs, green roofs and other localized water projects that can have significant impact on water consumption – often referred to as “distributed infrastructure” – weren’t typically considered an asset because they weren’t actually owned by an agency. Instead rebates for these kinds of projects were funded from operating budgets, which often isn’t enough to really scale such efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gasb.org/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Government Accounting Standards Board\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>), which is an independent organization that establishes accounting and financial standards, approved a policy \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gasb.org/jsp/GASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1176170563952&acceptedDisclaimer=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">implementation guide\u003c/a> on May 7. This time one of the guidelines it addressed was Statement No. 62 (also referred to in shorthand as \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62 has actually been around for years, but it wasn’t well known. That prompted \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> this month to clarify the language around “business-type activities” of public agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a universe of things that public agencies spend money on. Some of it is straightforward: If you’re buying chemicals every year, that’s an annual expense, and if you’re building a treatment facility, that’s a capital asset,” said Cynthia Koehler, executive director of the San Francisco-based nonprofit \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://waternow.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WaterNow Alliance\u003c/a> and board member of the Marin Municipal Water District. “In between are things that \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>recognizes as ‘business type activities’ of public agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> also refers to these as “regulated operations,” and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62 says that it’s possible for these regulated operations to be considered assets that can be capitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this language may be new to many folks not in the accounting world, what it means in the real world is that many water agencies will now be able to use bonds to fund things they didn’t typically consider an asset before. In particular, distributed infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “potentially a massive game changer,” said Koehler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for a water agency to be able to capitalize regulated operations, it needs to meet some criteria. It has to have a governing board able to set its own rates and it needs to be able to set rates that are likely to recover the cost of the regulated operation.[contextly_sidebar id=”JYWmRdIUco2POFkelfZf9hZPIglueRvE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a public agency can do that, “the money you spend can be considered an asset and once you have an asset you can bond-fund it,” said \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gfoa.org/ed-harrington\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ed Harrington\u003c/a>, who served as the controller for the city and county of San Francisco and later as the general manager of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission until he retired in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a big shift for most water utilities, which are used to thinking about fixed things like pipes and pumps as assets. But \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>’s latest guideline is confirming that this practice of capitalizing regulated operations is definitely above board. “This guidance connects the dots from a statement that has existed for some time, specifically to water utilities and how they book expenses for distributed infrastructure,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now utilities can raise a lot more money for distributed infrastructure projects that they can then pay off slowly over many years, instead of trying to finance projects with cash on hand. That opens up the door to more money for initiatives like cash-for-grass rebates, leak detection devices, rainwater capture, graywater reuse, green roofs, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, direct installation of high efficiency toilets or fixtures, and smart irrigation control rebates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_131249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-131249\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180523040322/900_01_us_ca_48_33761.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 865-gallon rain barrel next to a water filter and micron filters for harvested rainwater on a green home in Los Angeles. (Citizen of the Planet/Education Images/\u003cspan class=\"caps\">UIG\u003c/span> via Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These distributed infrastructure projects have huge potential. A \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/nrdc-switchboard-urban-water-conservation-and-efficiency-enormous-potential-close-to-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 report\u003c/a> from the Pacific Institute, an Oakland-based global water think-tank, found that there’s the potential to save \u003cspan class=\"caps\">3.1\u003c/span> billion to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">6.4\u003c/span> billion cubic meters (enough water for \u003cspan class=\"caps\">5.8\u003c/span> million to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">10.4\u003c/span> million families a year) through efficiencies in the urban water sector alone in California. “Our analysis focused on the savings that could be achieved through more widespread adoption of technology and practices that are available and already in use in California and elsewhere around the world,” the Pacific Institute found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that will bring more than just financial benefits, said Rowan Schmidt, program director for finance and investment strategies at \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.eartheconomics.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Economics\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps organizations make investment and policy decisions by taking nature into account. “Green infrastructure will support core services, but you also get these co-benefits out of it like increased resilience compared with centralized infrastructure, as well as health benefits and property value improvements.”[contextly_sidebar id=”o5tq1EpJUM0K7lEOD6tcc8ym241uvweN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a community has issues with flooding, for example, Harrington said, instead of using pipes and pumps to tackle the problem, agencies can explore other distributed or green infrastructure options. “You can say I’m going to go much more into permeable pavement, green roofs, those kind of things that use nature, that bring the water back into the aquifer, that avoid flooding, that can be very efficient and cost effective and can be done much quicker,” said Harrington. “It’s not to say you’re never going to need pipes and pumps, but you could probably meet a good amount of the flooding problem if you just returned things back to the way they were before there was so much concrete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step now is getting the word out, said Schmidt. “I think there is a lot of education required. How do we get the mechanism to scale up across thousands of utilities and special districts across the country?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">The challenge, added Koehler, is for groups like WaterNow Alliance and Earth Economics to help explain what this opportunity is all about, and to socialize and normalize it. “Opportunity is the operative word,” she said. “There’s no mandate here. What to me is great about it is the flexibility. It’s there if you want to use it, it’s this opportunity, but nobody is forcing you to go this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/23/little-known-accounting-policy-could-fuel-green-infrastructure-surge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Most water agencies don’t think of local water projects like green roofs or efficiency rebates as assets, but now they can. And that means agencies can now access capital markets for funding, which could help dramatically grow these projects.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the years to come, we’re likely to see a lot more “green” and distributed infrastructure projects from water utilities, like permeable pavement, rainwater capture and efficiency rebates. That’s because coming up with the money needed to scale these projects just got a lot easier.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the water world, most big infrastructure projects like treatment facilities and pipelines are usually financed by water agencies selling bonds, which can help them raise millions of dollars for a project that only needs to be paid off a little bit at a time over many years. That’s because these projects are owned by the agencies and are considered an asset on which they can capitalize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But turf removal programs, green roofs and other localized water projects that can have significant impact on water consumption – often referred to as “distributed infrastructure” – weren’t typically considered an asset because they weren’t actually owned by an agency. Instead rebates for these kinds of projects were funded from operating budgets, which often isn’t enough to really scale such efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gasb.org/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Government Accounting Standards Board\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>), which is an independent organization that establishes accounting and financial standards, approved a policy \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gasb.org/jsp/GASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1176170563952&acceptedDisclaimer=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">implementation guide\u003c/a> on May 7. This time one of the guidelines it addressed was Statement No. 62 (also referred to in shorthand as \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62 has actually been around for years, but it wasn’t well known. That prompted \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> this month to clarify the language around “business-type activities” of public agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a universe of things that public agencies spend money on. Some of it is straightforward: If you’re buying chemicals every year, that’s an annual expense, and if you’re building a treatment facility, that’s a capital asset,” said Cynthia Koehler, executive director of the San Francisco-based nonprofit \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://waternow.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WaterNow Alliance\u003c/a> and board member of the Marin Municipal Water District. “In between are things that \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>recognizes as ‘business type activities’ of public agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> also refers to these as “regulated operations,” and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62 says that it’s possible for these regulated operations to be considered assets that can be capitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this language may be new to many folks not in the accounting world, what it means in the real world is that many water agencies will now be able to use bonds to fund things they didn’t typically consider an asset before. In particular, distributed infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “potentially a massive game changer,” said Koehler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for a water agency to be able to capitalize regulated operations, it needs to meet some criteria. It has to have a governing board able to set its own rates and it needs to be able to set rates that are likely to recover the cost of the regulated operation.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a public agency can do that, “the money you spend can be considered an asset and once you have an asset you can bond-fund it,” said \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gfoa.org/ed-harrington\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ed Harrington\u003c/a>, who served as the controller for the city and county of San Francisco and later as the general manager of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission until he retired in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a big shift for most water utilities, which are used to thinking about fixed things like pipes and pumps as assets. But \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>’s latest guideline is confirming that this practice of capitalizing regulated operations is definitely above board. “This guidance connects the dots from a statement that has existed for some time, specifically to water utilities and how they book expenses for distributed infrastructure,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now utilities can raise a lot more money for distributed infrastructure projects that they can then pay off slowly over many years, instead of trying to finance projects with cash on hand. That opens up the door to more money for initiatives like cash-for-grass rebates, leak detection devices, rainwater capture, graywater reuse, green roofs, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, direct installation of high efficiency toilets or fixtures, and smart irrigation control rebates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_131249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-131249\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180523040322/900_01_us_ca_48_33761.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 865-gallon rain barrel next to a water filter and micron filters for harvested rainwater on a green home in Los Angeles. (Citizen of the Planet/Education Images/\u003cspan class=\"caps\">UIG\u003c/span> via Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These distributed infrastructure projects have huge potential. A \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/nrdc-switchboard-urban-water-conservation-and-efficiency-enormous-potential-close-to-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 report\u003c/a> from the Pacific Institute, an Oakland-based global water think-tank, found that there’s the potential to save \u003cspan class=\"caps\">3.1\u003c/span> billion to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">6.4\u003c/span> billion cubic meters (enough water for \u003cspan class=\"caps\">5.8\u003c/span> million to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">10.4\u003c/span> million families a year) through efficiencies in the urban water sector alone in California. “Our analysis focused on the savings that could be achieved through more widespread adoption of technology and practices that are available and already in use in California and elsewhere around the world,” the Pacific Institute found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that will bring more than just financial benefits, said Rowan Schmidt, program director for finance and investment strategies at \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.eartheconomics.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Economics\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps organizations make investment and policy decisions by taking nature into account. “Green infrastructure will support core services, but you also get these co-benefits out of it like increased resilience compared with centralized infrastructure, as well as health benefits and property value improvements.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a community has issues with flooding, for example, Harrington said, instead of using pipes and pumps to tackle the problem, agencies can explore other distributed or green infrastructure options. “You can say I’m going to go much more into permeable pavement, green roofs, those kind of things that use nature, that bring the water back into the aquifer, that avoid flooding, that can be very efficient and cost effective and can be done much quicker,” said Harrington. “It’s not to say you’re never going to need pipes and pumps, but you could probably meet a good amount of the flooding problem if you just returned things back to the way they were before there was so much concrete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step now is getting the word out, said Schmidt. “I think there is a lot of education required. How do we get the mechanism to scale up across thousands of utilities and special districts across the country?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">The challenge, added Koehler, is for groups like WaterNow Alliance and Earth Economics to help explain what this opportunity is all about, and to socialize and normalize it. “Opportunity is the operative word,” she said. “There’s no mandate here. What to me is great about it is the flexibility. It’s there if you want to use it, it’s this opportunity, but nobody is forcing you to go this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/23/little-known-accounting-policy-could-fuel-green-infrastructure-surge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Legend of Loch Ness Monster Will Be Tested With DNA Samples",
"headTitle": "Legend of Loch Ness Monster Will Be Tested With DNA Samples | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The stories seem as tall as the lake is deep. For hundreds of years, visitors to Scotland’s Loch Ness have described seeing a monster that some believe lurks in the depths.[contextly_sidebar id=”G6DlheYZR0smrSiFJ3bBhOTxjR7S37VO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now the legend of “Nessie” may have no place left to hide. A New Zealand scientist is leading an international team to the lake next month, where they will take samples of the murky waters and conduct DNA tests to determine what species live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Otago professor Neil Gemmell says he’s no believer in Nessie, but he wants to take people on an adventure and communicate some science along the way. Besides, he says, his kids think it’s one of the coolest things he’s ever done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the more far-fetched theories is that Nessie is a long-necked plesiosaur that somehow survived the period when dinosaurs became extinct. Another theory is that the monster is actually a sturgeon or giant catfish. Many believe the sightings are hoaxes or can be explained by floating logs or strong winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gemmell said that when creatures move about in water, they leave behind tiny fragments of DNA. It comes from their skin, feathers, scales and urine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said his team will take 300 samples of water from different points around the lake and at different depths. They will filter the organic material and extract the DNA, he said, sequencing it by using technology originally created for the human genome project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the DNA results will then be compared against a database of known species. He said they should have answers by the end of the year.[contextly_sidebar id=”zeohbzvnjqAqQx49WE3ywbniuH3FjQlZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going into this thinking it’s unlikely there is a monster, but I want to test that hypothesis,” Gemmell said. “What we’ll get is a really nice survey of the biodiversity of the Loch Ness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the real discoveries may come in determining things like the prevalence of invasive species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gemmell, 51, said he first visited Loch Ness in his late 20s while on vacation. Like thousands of tourists before him, he gazed out over the lake trying to catch sight of a monster. He said he first came up with the idea of testing DNA from the lake a couple of years ago and it resonated with many, including his children, aged 7 and 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graeme Matheson, chief of the Scottish Society of New Zealand, said he, too, has visited Loch Ness and gazed out over the water, and that he wishes Gemmell all the best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope he and his cohorts find something, although I think they’ll be battling,” Matheson said. “Still, it’s a good way to get a trip to Scotland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gemmell said that even if they don’t find any monster DNA, it won’t deter some Nessie believers. He said they’ve already been offering him theories, like that Nessie might be on vacation after swimming to the sea via hidden underwater caves, or that the creature might be extraterrestrial and not leave behind any DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In our lives we want there still to be mysteries, some of which we will ultimately solve,” Gemmell said. “That’s part of the spirit of discovery. And sometimes, what you find may not be what you were expecting.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The stories seem as tall as the lake is deep. For hundreds of years, visitors to Scotland’s Loch Ness have described seeing a monster that some believe lurks in the depths.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now the legend of “Nessie” may have no place left to hide. A New Zealand scientist is leading an international team to the lake next month, where they will take samples of the murky waters and conduct DNA tests to determine what species live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Otago professor Neil Gemmell says he’s no believer in Nessie, but he wants to take people on an adventure and communicate some science along the way. Besides, he says, his kids think it’s one of the coolest things he’s ever done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the more far-fetched theories is that Nessie is a long-necked plesiosaur that somehow survived the period when dinosaurs became extinct. Another theory is that the monster is actually a sturgeon or giant catfish. Many believe the sightings are hoaxes or can be explained by floating logs or strong winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gemmell said that when creatures move about in water, they leave behind tiny fragments of DNA. It comes from their skin, feathers, scales and urine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said his team will take 300 samples of water from different points around the lake and at different depths. They will filter the organic material and extract the DNA, he said, sequencing it by using technology originally created for the human genome project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the DNA results will then be compared against a database of known species. He said they should have answers by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going into this thinking it’s unlikely there is a monster, but I want to test that hypothesis,” Gemmell said. “What we’ll get is a really nice survey of the biodiversity of the Loch Ness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the real discoveries may come in determining things like the prevalence of invasive species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gemmell, 51, said he first visited Loch Ness in his late 20s while on vacation. Like thousands of tourists before him, he gazed out over the lake trying to catch sight of a monster. He said he first came up with the idea of testing DNA from the lake a couple of years ago and it resonated with many, including his children, aged 7 and 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graeme Matheson, chief of the Scottish Society of New Zealand, said he, too, has visited Loch Ness and gazed out over the water, and that he wishes Gemmell all the best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope he and his cohorts find something, although I think they’ll be battling,” Matheson said. “Still, it’s a good way to get a trip to Scotland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gemmell said that even if they don’t find any monster DNA, it won’t deter some Nessie believers. He said they’ve already been offering him theories, like that Nessie might be on vacation after swimming to the sea via hidden underwater caves, or that the creature might be extraterrestrial and not leave behind any DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In our lives we want there still to be mysteries, some of which we will ultimately solve,” Gemmell said. “That’s part of the spirit of discovery. And sometimes, what you find may not be what you were expecting.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Five Things to Know About Water Bonds on Upcoming California Ballots",
"headTitle": "Five Things to Know About Water Bonds on Upcoming California Ballots | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Californians this year will vote on not one but two water bond measures totaling $13 billion. Given that the state still hasn’t spent all of the $7.5 billion from the Proposition 1 water bond passed in 2014, it raises a crucial question: Does California really need another $13 billion in water bonds?[contextly_sidebar id=”fsd61lRlueQgaNlzuX3HqQUz3uVlPLtP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of December 2017, the state had allocated only about $1 billion from Proposition 1. About half of the total money available from the bond is dedicated to new water storage under a complicated new process that funds only the “public benefits” of such projects. The first dribble of money from that pot is expected to be awarded later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all that money still coming, why two more water bonds? Here are answers to some basic questions about the ballot measures that may help illuminate the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who sponsored these ballot measures and what are they for?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/68/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68\u003c/a>, a $4.1 billion bond measure, wins the prize for most unwieldy title. Known as the California Drought, Water, Parks, Climate, Coastal Protection and Outdoor Access for All Act of 2018, it was placed on the June 5 primary ballot by the state legislature. Sponsored by former Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, nearly two-thirds of the money appears destined for park and wildlife projects, not water projects. However, much of this money would indirectly benefit state water resources, such as projects along specific river corridors that would improve water quality.[contextly_sidebar id=”l6qj0Xjf6ytPnfdsmFUCZaYaGQmWJkWx”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://waterbond.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Supply and Water Quality Bond\u003c/a> (proposition number not yet designated) has qualified for the November 6 general election ballot and would allocate $8.9billion for water projects. The main sponsor is Jerry Meral, former deputy secretary of the California Natural Resources Agency and now director of the California Water Program at the nonprofit Natural Heritage Institute. This bond is more strictly focused on water and wastewater projects. There is no money for parks, but there is money for watershed improvements all over the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do the two bonds overlap at all?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, they do. Both bond measures include money for \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/11/10/can-a-new-salton-sea-plan-fend-off-ecological-and-health-disasters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Salton Sea\u003c/a> restoration ($200 million each), where declining agricultural runoff is shrinking the water elevation. This reduces important waterfowl habitat, and also exposes the erosive lakebed to strong desert winds, creating a potential air-quality concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bonds also include funding for wastewater recycling (up to $390 million in Prop. 69, $650 million in Meral’s measure), an increasingly important source of drinking water for the state as public acceptance grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also some overlap in funding to protect and enhance watersheds and rivers. For example, a state agency, the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy, is designated funding in both bonds for river restoration projects. Numerous other waterways across the state would get money under both bonds, including the American River, the Russian River, the Guadalupe River and the Santa Margarita River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither bond includes any funding explicitly for traditional water storage projects like new dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, what distinguishes the two bonds then?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, if you care about parks as well as water, you’ll want to support Prop. 68. It includes nearly $1.3 billion for park projects. This includes $218 million to restore and improve state parks, which faces an estimated $1.2 billion maintenance backlog. It also includes $725 million to help build new local parks in communities that are known to be underserved when it comes to recreation amenities. This includes the San Joaquin Valley and the state’s desert communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 68 also includes $767 million for projects to enhance wildlife and watersheds. Many of these projects will have indirect benefits to water quality. For example, each of the state’s designated regional habitat conservancies are allocated money in the bond to continue their efforts to protect land and water. Funds are also designated to improve fish passage at water diversions along streams or where streams are impacted by road crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180516015610/CAWaterBondsComparoACWA1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"738\" height=\"666\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association of California Water Agencies prepared this chart comparing funding levels for water projects in the two bond measures that will be on the ballot this year. (Image Courtesy Association of California Water Agencies)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The November bond measure targets a much broader array of water projects. For example, it includes $100 million to change the way existing water storage reservoirs are operated so they can capture more runoff. The dams themselves would not be changed, only their operating rules. It also includes $550 million for projects to capture and reuse stormwater, $300 million for water conservation projects and $60 million to improve data gathering on the state’s water resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bond also includes a particular focus on groundwater, with $640 million designated to help implement the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, the state’s first effort to comprehensively regulate groundwater extraction. Most of this money will be offered as grants to help dozens of new groundwater management agencies acquire land and water from willing sellers to begin recharging depleted aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there any downside to these bonds we should know about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few cases, these ballot measures are asking taxpayers across the state to pay for projects that should be helping themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the November bond measure includes $200 million to help pay for repairs at Oroville Dam, which was heavily damaged by storms in February 2017. This money is being made available in case the Federal Emergency Management Agency doesn’t cover all the repair costs. But Oroville Dam doesn’t serve every Californian. It is part of the State Water Project, which provides some water for about two-thirds of the state’s residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same bond includes $750 million to repair the Friant-Kern Canal. The canal is buckling because of heavy groundwater pumping in the San Joaquin Valley that caused the land to subside. This has compromised the canal’s water-delivery capacity. In short, every California taxpayer is being asked to fix a canal that serves about 14 agricultural irrigation districts, which was damaged by a handful of groundwater users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, a lot of the money for park projects in Prop. 68 will be spent in locations that most Californians will never visit. This is particularly so with the $725 million set aside to develop and improve local community parks. It could be argued, however, that this money will improve the general welfare of the populace, making the state overall a more pleasant place to live. But that’s hard to quantify.[contextly_sidebar id=”RM7VDAzmpMOcm1CpzfPthnJ4t5zQMAMK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtually all bond measures contain funding like this that benefits a local area and not the state as a whole. Partly this is done to ensure voters in every part of the state find a reason to vote for it. It’s up to each voter to decide if the bond measure, on balance, is a good investment of their tax dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bond money isn’t free. How much will these propositions cost the state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislative Analyst’s Office estimates that repaying the $4.1 billion in bonds offered up by Prop. 68 will cost the state $200 million every year for 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $8.9 billion November bond measure is estimated to have annual repayment costs about twice that. The state attorney general’s office estimated in April, when the measure was certified for the ballot, that repayment would cost about $433 million annually for 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Money to repay the bonds comes out of the state’s general fund. In total, California spends less than 5 percent of its total general tax revenue paying off bonds every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/21/five-things-to-know-about-water-bonds-on-upcoming-california-ballots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California voters will be confronted with two multibillion-dollar propositions this year dealing with water, one on the June 5 ballot and another on the November 6 ballot. While the bond measures overlap somewhat, they also have important differences.",
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"description": "California voters will be confronted with two multibillion-dollar propositions this year dealing with water, one on the June 5 ballot and another on the November 6 ballot. While the bond measures overlap somewhat, they also have important differences.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians this year will vote on not one but two water bond measures totaling $13 billion. Given that the state still hasn’t spent all of the $7.5 billion from the Proposition 1 water bond passed in 2014, it raises a crucial question: Does California really need another $13 billion in water bonds?\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of December 2017, the state had allocated only about $1 billion from Proposition 1. About half of the total money available from the bond is dedicated to new water storage under a complicated new process that funds only the “public benefits” of such projects. The first dribble of money from that pot is expected to be awarded later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all that money still coming, why two more water bonds? Here are answers to some basic questions about the ballot measures that may help illuminate the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who sponsored these ballot measures and what are they for?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/68/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68\u003c/a>, a $4.1 billion bond measure, wins the prize for most unwieldy title. Known as the California Drought, Water, Parks, Climate, Coastal Protection and Outdoor Access for All Act of 2018, it was placed on the June 5 primary ballot by the state legislature. Sponsored by former Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, nearly two-thirds of the money appears destined for park and wildlife projects, not water projects. However, much of this money would indirectly benefit state water resources, such as projects along specific river corridors that would improve water quality.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://waterbond.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Supply and Water Quality Bond\u003c/a> (proposition number not yet designated) has qualified for the November 6 general election ballot and would allocate $8.9billion for water projects. The main sponsor is Jerry Meral, former deputy secretary of the California Natural Resources Agency and now director of the California Water Program at the nonprofit Natural Heritage Institute. This bond is more strictly focused on water and wastewater projects. There is no money for parks, but there is money for watershed improvements all over the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do the two bonds overlap at all?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, they do. Both bond measures include money for \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/11/10/can-a-new-salton-sea-plan-fend-off-ecological-and-health-disasters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Salton Sea\u003c/a> restoration ($200 million each), where declining agricultural runoff is shrinking the water elevation. This reduces important waterfowl habitat, and also exposes the erosive lakebed to strong desert winds, creating a potential air-quality concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bonds also include funding for wastewater recycling (up to $390 million in Prop. 69, $650 million in Meral’s measure), an increasingly important source of drinking water for the state as public acceptance grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also some overlap in funding to protect and enhance watersheds and rivers. For example, a state agency, the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy, is designated funding in both bonds for river restoration projects. Numerous other waterways across the state would get money under both bonds, including the American River, the Russian River, the Guadalupe River and the Santa Margarita River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither bond includes any funding explicitly for traditional water storage projects like new dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, what distinguishes the two bonds then?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, if you care about parks as well as water, you’ll want to support Prop. 68. It includes nearly $1.3 billion for park projects. This includes $218 million to restore and improve state parks, which faces an estimated $1.2 billion maintenance backlog. It also includes $725 million to help build new local parks in communities that are known to be underserved when it comes to recreation amenities. This includes the San Joaquin Valley and the state’s desert communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 68 also includes $767 million for projects to enhance wildlife and watersheds. Many of these projects will have indirect benefits to water quality. For example, each of the state’s designated regional habitat conservancies are allocated money in the bond to continue their efforts to protect land and water. Funds are also designated to improve fish passage at water diversions along streams or where streams are impacted by road crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180516015610/CAWaterBondsComparoACWA1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"738\" height=\"666\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association of California Water Agencies prepared this chart comparing funding levels for water projects in the two bond measures that will be on the ballot this year. (Image Courtesy Association of California Water Agencies)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The November bond measure targets a much broader array of water projects. For example, it includes $100 million to change the way existing water storage reservoirs are operated so they can capture more runoff. The dams themselves would not be changed, only their operating rules. It also includes $550 million for projects to capture and reuse stormwater, $300 million for water conservation projects and $60 million to improve data gathering on the state’s water resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bond also includes a particular focus on groundwater, with $640 million designated to help implement the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, the state’s first effort to comprehensively regulate groundwater extraction. Most of this money will be offered as grants to help dozens of new groundwater management agencies acquire land and water from willing sellers to begin recharging depleted aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there any downside to these bonds we should know about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few cases, these ballot measures are asking taxpayers across the state to pay for projects that should be helping themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the November bond measure includes $200 million to help pay for repairs at Oroville Dam, which was heavily damaged by storms in February 2017. This money is being made available in case the Federal Emergency Management Agency doesn’t cover all the repair costs. But Oroville Dam doesn’t serve every Californian. It is part of the State Water Project, which provides some water for about two-thirds of the state’s residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same bond includes $750 million to repair the Friant-Kern Canal. The canal is buckling because of heavy groundwater pumping in the San Joaquin Valley that caused the land to subside. This has compromised the canal’s water-delivery capacity. In short, every California taxpayer is being asked to fix a canal that serves about 14 agricultural irrigation districts, which was damaged by a handful of groundwater users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, a lot of the money for park projects in Prop. 68 will be spent in locations that most Californians will never visit. This is particularly so with the $725 million set aside to develop and improve local community parks. It could be argued, however, that this money will improve the general welfare of the populace, making the state overall a more pleasant place to live. But that’s hard to quantify.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtually all bond measures contain funding like this that benefits a local area and not the state as a whole. Partly this is done to ensure voters in every part of the state find a reason to vote for it. It’s up to each voter to decide if the bond measure, on balance, is a good investment of their tax dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bond money isn’t free. How much will these propositions cost the state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislative Analyst’s Office estimates that repaying the $4.1 billion in bonds offered up by Prop. 68 will cost the state $200 million every year for 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $8.9 billion November bond measure is estimated to have annual repayment costs about twice that. The state attorney general’s office estimated in April, when the measure was certified for the ballot, that repayment would cost about $433 million annually for 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Money to repay the bonds comes out of the state’s general fund. In total, California spends less than 5 percent of its total general tax revenue paying off bonds every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/21/five-things-to-know-about-water-bonds-on-upcoming-california-ballots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Jupiter’s Backward-Flying Asteroid From Another Star System",
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"content": "\u003cp>Just months after the discovery of our first known interstellar visitor, it turns out there’s another asteroid from yet another star system residing in our cosmic club in plain view.[contextly_sidebar id=”f2xncEdmZbwY6o4QqnKKq4rrIxhXTbKl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists reported Monday that this interstellar resident is an asteroid sharing Jupiter’s orbit but circling in the opposite direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid, known as 2015 BZ509, has been in this peculiar backward orbit around the sun ever since getting sucked into our solar system, the researchers said. About 2 miles across, it joined our neighborhood in the first moments after our solar system formed 4.5 billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The French and Brazilian researchers base their finding on extensive computer simulations showing BZ always has orbited around the sun in reverse and thus harkens back to the beginning of our solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ras.org.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Royal Astronomical Society\u003c/a> , come several months after the discovery of our first known interstellar visitor, a smaller, cigar-shaped asteroid that zoomed by last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That passer-by rock was named Oumuamua, Hawaiian for messenger from afar arriving first, or scout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oumuamua is of interstellar origin but it is also only a tourist passing by our solar system,” said lead author Fathi Namouni of the University of Cote d’Azur in Nice, France. “BZ is not. It is a bona fide immigrant and the notion of immigration is a hot topic nowadays all over the world!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Namouni said stars were closer back when our solar system was forming, and asteroids were zipping around between star systems. It’s extremely unlikely — “practically zero” — that BZ came from the same star system as Oumuamua, he noted in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He expects lots more interstellar immigrants in our backyard.[contextly_sidebar id=”EPqUsB3Oi4EiXZp3QflqMjOoUjjae1hM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no reason why there shouldn’t be more masquerading as solar system asteroids like BZ did so far,” Namouni wrote. He said the area just beyond Neptune, the farthest planet in our solar system, might be teeming with extrasolar asteroids — or exo asteroids — like BZ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s extremely unlikely — “practically zero” — that BZ came from the same star system as Oumuamua, according to Namouni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-author Helena Morais of Sao Paulo State University in Brazil said she was surprised by the finding, but noted “that’s part of the fun” of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we may have asteroids that pass by, then we should also expect asteroids that come to stay,” she wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By identifying more immigrant asteroids, Namouni said, scientists can determine their composition. If BZ contains water, for example, researchers can compare it with Earth’s water and, perhaps, better understand how water originated here at home.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just months after the discovery of our first known interstellar visitor, it turns out there’s another asteroid from yet another star system residing in our cosmic club in plain view.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists reported Monday that this interstellar resident is an asteroid sharing Jupiter’s orbit but circling in the opposite direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid, known as 2015 BZ509, has been in this peculiar backward orbit around the sun ever since getting sucked into our solar system, the researchers said. About 2 miles across, it joined our neighborhood in the first moments after our solar system formed 4.5 billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The French and Brazilian researchers base their finding on extensive computer simulations showing BZ always has orbited around the sun in reverse and thus harkens back to the beginning of our solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ras.org.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Royal Astronomical Society\u003c/a> , come several months after the discovery of our first known interstellar visitor, a smaller, cigar-shaped asteroid that zoomed by last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That passer-by rock was named Oumuamua, Hawaiian for messenger from afar arriving first, or scout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oumuamua is of interstellar origin but it is also only a tourist passing by our solar system,” said lead author Fathi Namouni of the University of Cote d’Azur in Nice, France. “BZ is not. It is a bona fide immigrant and the notion of immigration is a hot topic nowadays all over the world!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Namouni said stars were closer back when our solar system was forming, and asteroids were zipping around between star systems. It’s extremely unlikely — “practically zero” — that BZ came from the same star system as Oumuamua, he noted in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He expects lots more interstellar immigrants in our backyard.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no reason why there shouldn’t be more masquerading as solar system asteroids like BZ did so far,” Namouni wrote. He said the area just beyond Neptune, the farthest planet in our solar system, might be teeming with extrasolar asteroids — or exo asteroids — like BZ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s extremely unlikely — “practically zero” — that BZ came from the same star system as Oumuamua, according to Namouni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-author Helena Morais of Sao Paulo State University in Brazil said she was surprised by the finding, but noted “that’s part of the fun” of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we may have asteroids that pass by, then we should also expect asteroids that come to stay,” she wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By identifying more immigrant asteroids, Namouni said, scientists can determine their composition. If BZ contains water, for example, researchers can compare it with Earth’s water and, perhaps, better understand how water originated here at home.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Proposition 72: Rainwater Capture Tax Break Passes Handily",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: Voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 72 by a roughly 83-17 margin, in a move to promote water conservation in the state.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 72\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Exempts rainwater catchment systems from property tax assessments\u003cbr>\n• Applies to systems constructed on or after Jan. 1, 2019\u003cbr>\n• The rainwater system is included in the value of the home when it is sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did It Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers put Proposition 72 on the ballot with a unanimous vote in both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainwater systems catch rain from the roof of a home and siphon it to a large barrel, or even larger cistern, for outdoor use. Prop 72 aims to encourage rainwater catchment by ensuring that homeowners who install a system won’t have to pay property tax on the increased value of the home. Using rainwater for landscaping will preserve drinking water, lower utility bills and retain more water in streams and rivers, thereby aiding fish and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prominent state newspapers have endorsed it. So have environmental groups like Save the Bay and Trout Unlimited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, there’s no organized opposition to Proposition 72, and no opposition statement listed in the California Secretary of State voter guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Gains — Who Loses?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners gain an incentive to install rainwater catchment systems, because they won’t have to pay property tax on the home improvement. The savings for homeowners can be varied. An inexpensive system might mean only a few dollars saved in property taxes. But there are also bigger, more expensive systems that can cost thousands to install and would otherwise raise property taxes a noticeable amount. The value of the catchment system would be included in the value of the home when it is sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments may bring in slightly lower property tax revenues.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: Voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 72 by a roughly 83-17 margin, in a move to promote water conservation in the state.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 72\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Exempts rainwater catchment systems from property tax assessments\u003cbr>\n• Applies to systems constructed on or after Jan. 1, 2019\u003cbr>\n• The rainwater system is included in the value of the home when it is sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did It Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers put Proposition 72 on the ballot with a unanimous vote in both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For some lizards it’s easy being green. It’s in their blood. Six species of lizards in New Guinea bleed lime green thanks to evolution gone weird.[contextly_sidebar id=”Yf9INRFhGQhyMKr7rwTccXcKgANj2po3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unusual, but there are critters that bleed different colors of the rainbow besides red. The New Guinea lizards’ blood — along with their tongues, muscles and bones — appear green because of incredibly large doses of a green bile pigment. The bile levels are higher than other animals, including people, could survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still don’t know why this happened, but evolution is providing some hints into this nearly 50-year mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mapping the evolutionary family tree of New Guinea lizards, researchers found that green blood developed inside the amphibians at four independent points in history, likely from a red-blooded ancestor, according to a study in Wednesday’s journal Science Advances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t a random accident of nature but suggests this trait of green blood gives the lizards an evolutionary advantage of some kind, said Christopher Austin of Louisiana State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Evolution can do amazing things given enough time,” Austin said. “The natural world is a fascinating place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin first thought that maybe being green and full of bile would make New Guinea lizards taste bad to potential predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually ate several lizards myself and they didn’t taste bad,” Austin said. He also fed plenty of them to a paradise kingfisher bird with no ill effects except maybe a fatter bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bile Link\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding bile is probably key. Blood cells don’t last forever. After they break down, the iron is recycled for new red blood cells, but toxins are also produced, which is essentially bile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the New Guinea lizards, levels of a green bile pigment are 40 times higher than what would be toxic in humans. It’s green enough to overwhelm the color of the red blood cells and turn everything green, Austin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In people, elevated green bile pigment levels sometimes kill malaria parasites. Austin thinks that might be why lizards evolved to be green-blooded because malaria is an issue for New Guinea and lizards. It might be the result of evolution trying to kill the malaria parasite in lizards or it might be past lizards were infected so heavily that this was the body’s reaction, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is to search for the specific genes involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']Michael Oellermann, a researcher at the University of Tasmania in Australia, praised Austin’s work and wondered if there is an evolutionary cost to having green blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise more critters would bleed green or another color, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many insects, spiders and molluscs have the copper-containing blood pigment that’s clear unless it attaches to oxygen and then it turns blue. Squids and octopuses have intense blue blood. Icefish in Antarctica have clear blood, while little crustaceans from Lake Baikal in Siberia have blood that’s blue or red or green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine worms called \u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/issues/best-of-chemmatters/sample-lesson-plan-the-many-colors-of-blood.pdf\">lamp shells\u003c/a> have violet to pink blood, according to the American Chemical Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biology is incredibly diverse,” Austin said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Some critters bleed different colors of the rainbow besides red. The New Guinea lizards’ blood — along with their tongues, muscles and bones — appear green. Scientists still don’t know why this happened, but evolution is providing some hints into this nearly 50-year mystery.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For some lizards it’s easy being green. It’s in their blood. Six species of lizards in New Guinea bleed lime green thanks to evolution gone weird.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unusual, but there are critters that bleed different colors of the rainbow besides red. The New Guinea lizards’ blood — along with their tongues, muscles and bones — appear green because of incredibly large doses of a green bile pigment. The bile levels are higher than other animals, including people, could survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still don’t know why this happened, but evolution is providing some hints into this nearly 50-year mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mapping the evolutionary family tree of New Guinea lizards, researchers found that green blood developed inside the amphibians at four independent points in history, likely from a red-blooded ancestor, according to a study in Wednesday’s journal Science Advances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t a random accident of nature but suggests this trait of green blood gives the lizards an evolutionary advantage of some kind, said Christopher Austin of Louisiana State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Evolution can do amazing things given enough time,” Austin said. “The natural world is a fascinating place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin first thought that maybe being green and full of bile would make New Guinea lizards taste bad to potential predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually ate several lizards myself and they didn’t taste bad,” Austin said. He also fed plenty of them to a paradise kingfisher bird with no ill effects except maybe a fatter bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bile Link\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding bile is probably key. Blood cells don’t last forever. After they break down, the iron is recycled for new red blood cells, but toxins are also produced, which is essentially bile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the New Guinea lizards, levels of a green bile pigment are 40 times higher than what would be toxic in humans. It’s green enough to overwhelm the color of the red blood cells and turn everything green, Austin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In people, elevated green bile pigment levels sometimes kill malaria parasites. Austin thinks that might be why lizards evolved to be green-blooded because malaria is an issue for New Guinea and lizards. It might be the result of evolution trying to kill the malaria parasite in lizards or it might be past lizards were infected so heavily that this was the body’s reaction, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is to search for the specific genes involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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