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You guys are the ones who started it and we’re the ones who are going to have to deal with it. Please, take us seriously,” said Sam Spielman, a sophomore at Berkeley High School and a member of the school’s Green Team, a student organization formed to support the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gp.org/green_new_deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic stimulus package\u003c/a> designed to reduce climate change, authored by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spielman and thousands of other teenagers and children marched about a mile from Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi’s office near Civic Center to Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s office in the Financial District.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939123/meet-the-5th-grade-organizer-behind-berkeleys-student-strike-against-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meet the 5th Grader Behind Berkeley’s Student Strike Against Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939123/meet-the-5th-grade-organizer-behind-berkeleys-student-strike-against-climate-change/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Student-Strike-Climate-Change-Juniper-Grace-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With a little help from her parents and her friends, 11-year-old Grace has made posters, handed out permission slips, and planned a two-hour walkout and march to Berkeley’s Civic Center on Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many said they were inspired by Greta Thunberg, a 16-year-old Swedish climate activist who skipped school to protest the lack of progress in reducing reliance on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second-grader Eloise Simons wore her hair in two braids, just like Thunberg. Her father, Jesse Simons, explained that her teacher at Park Day School assigned her class a presentation about someone who inspires them. Eloise chose Greta Thunberg and insisted on participating in the student strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to stop climate change,” Eloise said. “And Nancy Pelosi won’t! So we need to do something to try and stop it. We need to protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students were generally on message — in an age appropriate way. High schoolers explained that they don’t know how to prepare for jobs and careers in a warmer future full of uncertainty. Middle schoolers talked about the importance of passing the Green New Deal. And elementary school students worried about storms and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the children had even heard about what happened when their fellow activists visited Feinstein’s office to lobby for the Green New Deal, when the senator lectured them about her recent electoral win. A group of middle schoolers from Urban Montessori in Oakland had\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sunrisemvmt/status/1099075460649107458\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> seen the video\u003c/a>, and they were not impressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if she didn’t like what those kids were saying, she didn’t have to be disrespectful,” said 12-year-old Fatoumata Kaba. “We want our planet to stay safe. We want a future for ourselves and our future kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1939212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-1020x749.jpg\" alt='Students Bruck and Jai hold up a banner that says \"Youth vs Apocalypse\" outside of the office building of Nancy Pelosi in downtown San Francisco on Friday March 15, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)' width=\"640\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-800x588.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-1200x881.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students Bruck and Jai hold up a banner that says “Youth vs Apocalypse” outside of the office building of Nancy Pelosi in downtown San Francisco on Friday March 15, 2019. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The students proceeded down Market Street with a sense of urgency that only comes with youth. Teenagers counted down the years until they can register to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a little disappointed by DiFi in that video. I think it’s about time we get someone new in office,” said Ella Wadbrook, a 15-year-old at Berkeley High. “It’s our lives that are being affected when they don’t act. It’s frustrating that we can’t choose who’s making the laws that determine our future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wadbrook said she and her friends are unwilling to wait to have their say until the climate degrades beyond repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m two-and-a-half years away from voting. It feels like forever,” she said, expressing both the impatience of youth and the urgency of a veteran climate activist.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Parent chaperones herded younger kids together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giddy teenagers climbed up lamp posts to get a better look at the protesters making their way down Market Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students of all ages skipped class to send a message that action on climate change can’t wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s march in San Francisco was just \u003ca href=\"https://www.fridaysforfuture.org/events/map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> one of hundreds of student strikes\u003c/a> across the world that aim to hold the powerful accountable for not doing enough to slow climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a problem and we have to deal with it now. You guys are the ones who started it and we’re the ones who are going to have to deal with it. Please, take us seriously,” said Sam Spielman, a sophomore at Berkeley High School and a member of the school’s Green Team, a student organization formed to support the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gp.org/green_new_deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic stimulus package\u003c/a> designed to reduce climate change, authored by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spielman and thousands of other teenagers and children marched about a mile from Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi’s office near Civic Center to Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s office in the Financial District.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939123/meet-the-5th-grade-organizer-behind-berkeleys-student-strike-against-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meet the 5th Grader Behind Berkeley’s Student Strike Against Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939123/meet-the-5th-grade-organizer-behind-berkeleys-student-strike-against-climate-change/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Student-Strike-Climate-Change-Juniper-Grace-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With a little help from her parents and her friends, 11-year-old Grace has made posters, handed out permission slips, and planned a two-hour walkout and march to Berkeley’s Civic Center on Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many said they were inspired by Greta Thunberg, a 16-year-old Swedish climate activist who skipped school to protest the lack of progress in reducing reliance on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second-grader Eloise Simons wore her hair in two braids, just like Thunberg. Her father, Jesse Simons, explained that her teacher at Park Day School assigned her class a presentation about someone who inspires them. Eloise chose Greta Thunberg and insisted on participating in the student strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to stop climate change,” Eloise said. “And Nancy Pelosi won’t! So we need to do something to try and stop it. We need to protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students were generally on message — in an age appropriate way. High schoolers explained that they don’t know how to prepare for jobs and careers in a warmer future full of uncertainty. Middle schoolers talked about the importance of passing the Green New Deal. And elementary school students worried about storms and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the children had even heard about what happened when their fellow activists visited Feinstein’s office to lobby for the Green New Deal, when the senator lectured them about her recent electoral win. A group of middle schoolers from Urban Montessori in Oakland had\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sunrisemvmt/status/1099075460649107458\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> seen the video\u003c/a>, and they were not impressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if she didn’t like what those kids were saying, she didn’t have to be disrespectful,” said 12-year-old Fatoumata Kaba. “We want our planet to stay safe. We want a future for ourselves and our future kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1939212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-1020x749.jpg\" alt='Students Bruck and Jai hold up a banner that says \"Youth vs Apocalypse\" outside of the office building of Nancy Pelosi in downtown San Francisco on Friday March 15, 2019. (Lindsey Moore/KQED)' width=\"640\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-800x588.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003-1200x881.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/RS35843_YouthClimateStrike_003.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students Bruck and Jai hold up a banner that says “Youth vs Apocalypse” outside of the office building of Nancy Pelosi in downtown San Francisco on Friday March 15, 2019. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The students proceeded down Market Street with a sense of urgency that only comes with youth. Teenagers counted down the years until they can register to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a little disappointed by DiFi in that video. I think it’s about time we get someone new in office,” said Ella Wadbrook, a 15-year-old at Berkeley High. “It’s our lives that are being affected when they don’t act. It’s frustrating that we can’t choose who’s making the laws that determine our future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wadbrook said she and her friends are unwilling to wait to have their say until the climate degrades beyond repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m two-and-a-half years away from voting. It feels like forever,” she said, expressing both the impatience of youth and the urgency of a veteran climate activist.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "U.S. Moves to Take Wolf Off Endangered List, But California Protections Still Strong",
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"content": "\u003cp>If the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service moves forward with its plan to take the gray wolf off the Endangered Species list, it may be bad news for wolves around the country, but California wolves will still be protected under state environmental laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If they’re coming from the Oregon side of the border or from Nevada, once they set a paw down in California they are protected.’ \u003ccite>Amaroq Weiss, Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal wildlife officials say delisting the wolf would free up resources for other endangered species. The Fish and Wildlife Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ref=department-of-the-interior-celebrates-recovery-of-the-gray-wolf-with-&_ID=36378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced the plan\u003c/a> Thursday. Asserting in a press release that the wolf now “roams free in nine states and is stable and healthy throughout its current range,” the agency said the revitalization of the species “constitutes one of the greatest comebacks for an animal in U.S. conservation history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gray wolf received federal endangered species protections in 1975, when only about 1,000 of them remained in northern Minnesota. Now \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/aboutwolves/wolfpopus.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 5,000 of the animals\u003c/a> live in the lower 48 states. Over the years, the federal government’s attempts to delist the wolves in some parts of the country, a response to ranchers worried about their cows and sheep becoming prey, became the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">back-and-forth legal battles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Fish and Wildlife intends to make a final decision on lifting protections after a public comment period running through May 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Wolves\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, state biologists say six wolves with radio tracking collars now rove the sparsely populated corners of Lassen and Plumas counties. Other, uncollared wolves have wandered as far \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925619/california-comeback-for-gray-wolf-hits-farthest-point-south\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">south\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925619/california-comeback-for-gray-wolf-hits-farthest-point-south\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925619/california-comeback-for-gray-wolf-hits-farthest-point-south\">Nevada County\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=135026&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wolf\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=135026&inline\">management\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=135026&inline\">plan\u003c/a> estimates that Northern California, not including the Sierra, a habitat conducive to the species\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>could support up to 500 wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California didn’t have any wolves to protect between 1924, when the last wild gray wolf was killed, and 2011, when a lone wolf from Oregon entered Siskiyou County in search of \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=42104&inline=true\">new\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=42104&inline=true\">territory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists designated the male OR-7. Endangered species activists called him “Journey.” His fans even set up a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/wolf_or7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/wolf_or7\">account\u003c/a> for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, he found a mate, sired five pups and became the leader of a pack before migrating back to Oregon and fathering even more offspring. The battery in his GPS collar died in 2015, but Oregon biologists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dfw.state.or.us/wolves/Packs/Rogue.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tracked his activity\u003c/a> since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article225258150.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> that an entire California-born pack \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article225258150.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mysteriously\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article225258150.html\">went\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article225258150.html\">missing\u003c/a> in remote Siskiyou County late last year. Wildlife biologists weren’t able to trap and collar the parent wolves or their five pups before they disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Fish and Wildlife is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Gray-Wolf/Updates/december-2018-gray-wolf-website-updates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigating\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Gray-Wolf/Updates/december-2018-gray-wolf-website-updates\">the\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Gray-Wolf/Updates/december-2018-gray-wolf-website-updates\">death\u003c/a> of a collared yearling male from Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the California Fish and Game Commission granted the gray wolf protection under the state’s Endangered Species Act. That action became the subject of a lawsuit by the Pacific Legal Foundation, the California Farm Bureau Federation and the California Cattlemen’s Association. The groups argued that an unchecked population of wolves would kill deer and valuable cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, a San Diego \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/wolves_on_the_west_coast/pdfs/California-Gray-Wolf-Matter-Final-Order.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">judge ruled against\u003c/a> the farmers and ranchers and found even wolves wandering in from neighboring states should be protected by California’s laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do not need to have been born here,” said Amaroq Weiss, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">wolf specialist\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">with\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">the\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">Center\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">Biological\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">Diversity\u003c/a>, which supported the state’s argument that wolves should retain protections. “If they’re coming from the Oregon side of the border or from Nevada, once they set a paw down in California they are protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss says it’s a “miracle” that wolves are coming back to California and thriving. She credits the federal protections they received under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Protections are what is necessary to allow a species to get a foothold once again. So having wolves back in California is a success story for the federal Endangered Species Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farmers and ranchers see the saga of the U.S. gray wolf in the same way, while coming to a very different conclusion. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fb.org/newsroom/farm-bureau-statement-on-gray-wolf-delisting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>, the American Farm Bureau Federation said delisting the wolf from the endangered species list is “a triumph of common sense we all should herald as a conservation success story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s president, Zippy Duvall, said, “Populations have far surpassed the recovery thresholds set forth by recovery plans, but too many environmentalists fail to recognize this success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service moves forward with its plan to take the gray wolf off the Endangered Species list, it may be bad news for wolves around the country, but California wolves will still be protected under state environmental laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If they’re coming from the Oregon side of the border or from Nevada, once they set a paw down in California they are protected.’ \u003ccite>Amaroq Weiss, Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal wildlife officials say delisting the wolf would free up resources for other endangered species. The Fish and Wildlife Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ref=department-of-the-interior-celebrates-recovery-of-the-gray-wolf-with-&_ID=36378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced the plan\u003c/a> Thursday. Asserting in a press release that the wolf now “roams free in nine states and is stable and healthy throughout its current range,” the agency said the revitalization of the species “constitutes one of the greatest comebacks for an animal in U.S. conservation history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gray wolf received federal endangered species protections in 1975, when only about 1,000 of them remained in northern Minnesota. Now \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/aboutwolves/wolfpopus.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 5,000 of the animals\u003c/a> live in the lower 48 states. Over the years, the federal government’s attempts to delist the wolves in some parts of the country, a response to ranchers worried about their cows and sheep becoming prey, became the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">back-and-forth legal battles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Fish and Wildlife intends to make a final decision on lifting protections after a public comment period running through May 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Wolves\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, state biologists say six wolves with radio tracking collars now rove the sparsely populated corners of Lassen and Plumas counties. Other, uncollared wolves have wandered as far \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925619/california-comeback-for-gray-wolf-hits-farthest-point-south\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">south\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925619/california-comeback-for-gray-wolf-hits-farthest-point-south\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925619/california-comeback-for-gray-wolf-hits-farthest-point-south\">Nevada County\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=135026&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wolf\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=135026&inline\">management\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=135026&inline\">plan\u003c/a> estimates that Northern California, not including the Sierra, a habitat conducive to the species\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>could support up to 500 wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California didn’t have any wolves to protect between 1924, when the last wild gray wolf was killed, and 2011, when a lone wolf from Oregon entered Siskiyou County in search of \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=42104&inline=true\">new\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=42104&inline=true\">territory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists designated the male OR-7. Endangered species activists called him “Journey.” His fans even set up a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/wolf_or7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/wolf_or7\">account\u003c/a> for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, he found a mate, sired five pups and became the leader of a pack before migrating back to Oregon and fathering even more offspring. The battery in his GPS collar died in 2015, but Oregon biologists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dfw.state.or.us/wolves/Packs/Rogue.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tracked his activity\u003c/a> since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article225258150.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> that an entire California-born pack \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article225258150.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mysteriously\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article225258150.html\">went\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article225258150.html\">missing\u003c/a> in remote Siskiyou County late last year. Wildlife biologists weren’t able to trap and collar the parent wolves or their five pups before they disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Fish and Wildlife is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Gray-Wolf/Updates/december-2018-gray-wolf-website-updates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigating\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Gray-Wolf/Updates/december-2018-gray-wolf-website-updates\">the\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Gray-Wolf/Updates/december-2018-gray-wolf-website-updates\">death\u003c/a> of a collared yearling male from Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the California Fish and Game Commission granted the gray wolf protection under the state’s Endangered Species Act. That action became the subject of a lawsuit by the Pacific Legal Foundation, the California Farm Bureau Federation and the California Cattlemen’s Association. The groups argued that an unchecked population of wolves would kill deer and valuable cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, a San Diego \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/wolves_on_the_west_coast/pdfs/California-Gray-Wolf-Matter-Final-Order.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">judge ruled against\u003c/a> the farmers and ranchers and found even wolves wandering in from neighboring states should be protected by California’s laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do not need to have been born here,” said Amaroq Weiss, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">wolf specialist\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">with\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">the\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">Center\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">Biological\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/index.html\">Diversity\u003c/a>, which supported the state’s argument that wolves should retain protections. “If they’re coming from the Oregon side of the border or from Nevada, once they set a paw down in California they are protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss says it’s a “miracle” that wolves are coming back to California and thriving. She credits the federal protections they received under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Protections are what is necessary to allow a species to get a foothold once again. So having wolves back in California is a success story for the federal Endangered Species Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farmers and ranchers see the saga of the U.S. gray wolf in the same way, while coming to a very different conclusion. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fb.org/newsroom/farm-bureau-statement-on-gray-wolf-delisting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>, the American Farm Bureau Federation said delisting the wolf from the endangered species list is “a triumph of common sense we all should herald as a conservation success story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s president, Zippy Duvall, said, “Populations have far surpassed the recovery thresholds set forth by recovery plans, but too many environmentalists fail to recognize this success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Meet the 5th Grader Behind Berkeley's Student Strike Against Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939140\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939140\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Student-Strike-Climate-Change-Juniper-Grace-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fifth grade climate activist holding sign.\" width=\"640\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Student-Strike-Climate-Change-Juniper-Grace-3-1.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Student-Strike-Climate-Change-Juniper-Grace-3-1-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">5th grader Juniper Grace is organizing a student strike against climate change in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Andie Grace)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fifth-grader Juniper Grace is into Greta Thunberg like girls her age used to be into Justin Bieber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Thunberg is the Swedish teenage climate activist whose school walkout to protest inaction on climate change has inspired a global youth movement. Her example turned 11-year-old Juniper into an organizer and the leader of the Berkeley’s Kids’ Climate March on Friday. The action is part of a global youth climate strike, with teenagers and other young people around the world rallying to the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juniper can’t say enough about Thunberg. “Greta is really inspiring. She always talks very confidently,” she said. “She’s just stating how it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">With a little help from her parents and her friends, Juniper has made posters, handed out permission slips, and planned a two-hour walkout and march to Berkeley’s Civic Center on Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">More importantly, Juniper said, she’s talking with her peers about why kids have a special role to play in the fight against climate change, and how they can lobby U.S. politicians to reduce fossil fuel emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I come home from school and immediately answer a bunch of emails and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/climatekids4\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">go on Twitter to post an update\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,” Juniper said, referring to the social media account she set up only last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Juniper isn’t allowed to have her own cell phone yet, but that hasn’t stopped her from becoming a grassroots political organizer. It helps that her parents are fully supportive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Something got triggered in our daughter that made her want to get in on this one. She knows it’s a matter of her having a planet to live on in the future,” said her mother, Andie Grace, who will lend her mobile device and time as a chaperone to her daughter’s cause. “Of course, I don’t want my fifth grader responding to emails from random strangers on the Internet, so we’re helping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Andie Grace said she and her husband are delighted that her grassroots organizing has spread from her school, Washington Elementary, to four other Berkeley schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s super-cool because she’s been to protests with us. This is coming from her,” Andie Grace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">While some high schoolers plan to take BART to San Francisco to \u003ca href=\"https://actionnetwork.org/events/california-youth-climate-strike-san-francisco?zipcode=94609&country=US\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">demonstrate at Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi’s offices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Juniper is content to march to Berkeley’s Civic Center park for two hours and then return to class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I know there’s a lot of other kids who can’t get out of class, get on BART and go to San Francisco,” she said. “It’s important to have small strikes so everyone can take part and understand the issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Watching Greta Thunberg videos online has inspired her to write and practice her own speech, she said. Juniper sees herself and her entire generation in Thunberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Her classes don’t involve a lot of public speaking or learning about climate change. So Grace is improvising her own curriculum, becoming a teacher to her peers, and stepping up to lead a movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939140\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939140\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Student-Strike-Climate-Change-Juniper-Grace-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fifth grade climate activist holding sign.\" width=\"640\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Student-Strike-Climate-Change-Juniper-Grace-3-1.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Student-Strike-Climate-Change-Juniper-Grace-3-1-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">5th grader Juniper Grace is organizing a student strike against climate change in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Andie Grace)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fifth-grader Juniper Grace is into Greta Thunberg like girls her age used to be into Justin Bieber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Thunberg is the Swedish teenage climate activist whose school walkout to protest inaction on climate change has inspired a global youth movement. Her example turned 11-year-old Juniper into an organizer and the leader of the Berkeley’s Kids’ Climate March on Friday. The action is part of a global youth climate strike, with teenagers and other young people around the world rallying to the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juniper can’t say enough about Thunberg. “Greta is really inspiring. She always talks very confidently,” she said. “She’s just stating how it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">With a little help from her parents and her friends, Juniper has made posters, handed out permission slips, and planned a two-hour walkout and march to Berkeley’s Civic Center on Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">More importantly, Juniper said, she’s talking with her peers about why kids have a special role to play in the fight against climate change, and how they can lobby U.S. politicians to reduce fossil fuel emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I come home from school and immediately answer a bunch of emails and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/climatekids4\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">go on Twitter to post an update\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,” Juniper said, referring to the social media account she set up only last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Juniper isn’t allowed to have her own cell phone yet, but that hasn’t stopped her from becoming a grassroots political organizer. It helps that her parents are fully supportive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Something got triggered in our daughter that made her want to get in on this one. She knows it’s a matter of her having a planet to live on in the future,” said her mother, Andie Grace, who will lend her mobile device and time as a chaperone to her daughter’s cause. “Of course, I don’t want my fifth grader responding to emails from random strangers on the Internet, so we’re helping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Andie Grace said she and her husband are delighted that her grassroots organizing has spread from her school, Washington Elementary, to four other Berkeley schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s super-cool because she’s been to protests with us. This is coming from her,” Andie Grace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">While some high schoolers plan to take BART to San Francisco to \u003ca href=\"https://actionnetwork.org/events/california-youth-climate-strike-san-francisco?zipcode=94609&country=US\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">demonstrate at Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi’s offices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Juniper is content to march to Berkeley’s Civic Center park for two hours and then return to class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I know there’s a lot of other kids who can’t get out of class, get on BART and go to San Francisco,” she said. “It’s important to have small strikes so everyone can take part and understand the issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Watching Greta Thunberg videos online has inspired her to write and practice her own speech, she said. Juniper sees herself and her entire generation in Thunberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Her classes don’t involve a lot of public speaking or learning about climate change. So Grace is improvising her own curriculum, becoming a teacher to her peers, and stepping up to lead a movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Two California Water Agencies Battling Over Colorado River Drought Plan",
"headTitle": "Two California Water Agencies Battling Over Colorado River Drought Plan | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A major Southern California water agency is trying to push the state through a final hurdle in joining a larger plan to preserve a key river in the U.S. West that serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the seven states that get water from the Colorado River have signed off on plans to keep the waterway from crashing amid a prolonged drought, climate change and increased demands. But California and Arizona have not, missing deadlines from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona has some work to do but nothing major holding it back. California, however, has two powerful water agencies fighting over how to get the drought contingency plan approved before U.S. officials possibly impose their own rules for water going to California, Arizona and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Background: Colorado River Water Crisis\" postID=\"science_1937377\"]The Metropolitan Water District is positioning itself to shoulder nearly all of California’s water contribution, with its board voting unanimously Tuesday to essentially write out of the drought plan another agency that gets more Colorado River water than anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agency, the Imperial Irrigation District, has said it won’t approve the plan unless the federal government agrees to commit $200 million to address the Salton Sea, a massive, briny lake southeast of Los Angeles that has become an environmental and health hazard in the Imperial and Coachella valleys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Metropolitan Water District — a massive agency that supplies drinking water to 19 million people in Southern California — would have to provide what could be nearly 2 million acre-feet of water between 2020 and 2026. An acre-foot serves about one to two average households a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan and Imperial were supposed to put up the lion’s share of the 200,000 to 350,000 acre-feet from California’s annual share of the deal. Two other agencies also have agreed to smaller contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water would be stored behind Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada line to keep the key reservoir from dropping to drastically low levels. Water is delivered through Lake Mead to Arizona, California and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we delay, the harder it is to hold that deal together,” Metropolitan general manager Jeff Kightlinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California isn’t required to contribute water under the drought plan unless Lake Mead drops to 1,045 feet (319 meters), which might not ever happen. But if it does, the Imperial Irrigation District said the public would likely demand that it contribute as the agency with the largest and oldest rights to Colorado River water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way to arrive at a resilient and durable drought contingency plan is for the parties to work through the Salton Sea issue, not around it,” Imperial general manager Henry Martinez told a Metropolitan Water District committee Monday. “Our two agencies have shown that we can do good things for the river and each other when we take the long view, and that capacity to see past the moment is what’s urgently needed now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation has given governors or their representatives in the seven states until March 19 to recommend the next steps after California and Arizona failed to meet its deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming wrote to the Colorado River Board of California over the weekend, urging California to unite with them in seeking authorization from Congress for the drought plans. Without it, the states won’t be able to implement the plans, Mexico won’t contribute water and the federal government will step in and decide what to do, the states said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states and the Bureau of Reclamation said they support Imperial’s call for federal funding for the Salton Sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperial can work on its own timeline for the salty lake because the drought plan isn’t expected to negatively affect it, Reclamation Commissioner Brenda Burman said. The irrigation district can sign on now or join in the future, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Trying to get over the final hurdle to ratification, the Metropolitan Water District is wants to shoulder nearly all of California's water contribution, to the exclusion of another district that is holding out for federal money.\r\n\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A major Southern California water agency is trying to push the state through a final hurdle in joining a larger plan to preserve a key river in the U.S. West that serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the seven states that get water from the Colorado River have signed off on plans to keep the waterway from crashing amid a prolonged drought, climate change and increased demands. But California and Arizona have not, missing deadlines from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona has some work to do but nothing major holding it back. California, however, has two powerful water agencies fighting over how to get the drought contingency plan approved before U.S. officials possibly impose their own rules for water going to California, Arizona and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Metropolitan Water District is positioning itself to shoulder nearly all of California’s water contribution, with its board voting unanimously Tuesday to essentially write out of the drought plan another agency that gets more Colorado River water than anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agency, the Imperial Irrigation District, has said it won’t approve the plan unless the federal government agrees to commit $200 million to address the Salton Sea, a massive, briny lake southeast of Los Angeles that has become an environmental and health hazard in the Imperial and Coachella valleys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Metropolitan Water District — a massive agency that supplies drinking water to 19 million people in Southern California — would have to provide what could be nearly 2 million acre-feet of water between 2020 and 2026. An acre-foot serves about one to two average households a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan and Imperial were supposed to put up the lion’s share of the 200,000 to 350,000 acre-feet from California’s annual share of the deal. Two other agencies also have agreed to smaller contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water would be stored behind Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada line to keep the key reservoir from dropping to drastically low levels. Water is delivered through Lake Mead to Arizona, California and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we delay, the harder it is to hold that deal together,” Metropolitan general manager Jeff Kightlinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California isn’t required to contribute water under the drought plan unless Lake Mead drops to 1,045 feet (319 meters), which might not ever happen. But if it does, the Imperial Irrigation District said the public would likely demand that it contribute as the agency with the largest and oldest rights to Colorado River water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way to arrive at a resilient and durable drought contingency plan is for the parties to work through the Salton Sea issue, not around it,” Imperial general manager Henry Martinez told a Metropolitan Water District committee Monday. “Our two agencies have shown that we can do good things for the river and each other when we take the long view, and that capacity to see past the moment is what’s urgently needed now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation has given governors or their representatives in the seven states until March 19 to recommend the next steps after California and Arizona failed to meet its deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming wrote to the Colorado River Board of California over the weekend, urging California to unite with them in seeking authorization from Congress for the drought plans. Without it, the states won’t be able to implement the plans, Mexico won’t contribute water and the federal government will step in and decide what to do, the states said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states and the Bureau of Reclamation said they support Imperial’s call for federal funding for the Salton Sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperial can work on its own timeline for the salty lake because the drought plan isn’t expected to negatively affect it, Reclamation Commissioner Brenda Burman said. The irrigation district can sign on now or join in the future, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The ocean is rocked by storms and its tides ebb with the moon. Waves eat away at the shore, rearranging the sand and bringing cliff-side structures crashing into the surf. It doesn’t behave like water in a bathtub.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Interactive mapping tool\u003c/a> – California inundation zones under different sea level rise scenarios\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for simplicity’s sake (and because scientists are still learning about how climate change will melt glaciers), researchers have generally projected sea level rise as if the ocean will remain still and calm as it creeps up on crucial infrastructure and seaside neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\">new\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> from the U.S. Geological Survey says the predicted damage from sea level rise in California \u003cem>triples\u003c/em> once tides, storms and erosion are taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many communities that are planning by only considering this in a bathtub and not considering the fact that that’ll be on top of these episodic storm events that’ll cause most of the short term impacts,” said the study’s lead author, Patrick Barnard, a USGS coastal geologist based in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that, once these variables are taken into account, more than $150 billion worth of property and infrastructure and about 600,000 coastal residents could be flooded by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-thirds of that property and those lives at risk are in and around the San Francisco Bay, said Barnard, who is the research director of the Climate Impacts and Coastal Processes Team at USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve effectively built on an estuary with millions of people just above sea level,” he said. “We’re in a highly vulnerable position in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Sloshing From Storms, More Damage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the team’s mathematical models factored in the variability of the tides, beach and cliff erosion, and once-in-decades storms, the predictions for coastal communities in a warming world got grim and wet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The locations threatened by flooding are the usual suspects: Foster City, Pacifica, and the San Francisco International Airport. \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Southern\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">will\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">also\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">be\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">hit\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">hard\u003c/a>, with the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach inundated and whole neighborhoods in Orange County under water during big storms and high tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bring it home for planners and the public, the study included \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">an\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">interactive\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">mapping\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">tool\u003c/a> with multiple layers representing different scenarios: a \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">king\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\">tide\u003c/a>, interventions to shore up beaches and wetlands, and various levels of sea rise. Users can look up their neighborhoods, their commutes, their favorite beaches or the port where their latest online order entered the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scenarios quickly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z/figures/3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put SFO under water\u003c/a>. Others flood marinas and homes in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z/figures/4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foster City\u003c/a>. Highway 101 along the Peninsula gets very wet when sea level rise and storms combine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of this imagery is “to make it accessible to high-level policy people by translating the physical impacts into the socioeconomic impacts,” Barnard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of climate change are already apparent every winter, he said. For example, Highway 37 in Marin County \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2019/02/19/highway-37-expected-to-reopen-wednesday/\">just\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2019/02/19/highway-37-expected-to-reopen-wednesday/\">reopened\u003c/a> after a levee broke during last month’s storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe that happens once a winter every five years or something. In the future, we’re going to see — instead of once or every five years —it’s going to happen every year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a couple of decades, that flooding will likely happen five times per year, then 20 times per year, Barnard said. Eventually, winter storms will send seawater creeping into areas that have never seen flooding before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The ocean is rocked by storms and its tides ebb with the moon. Waves eat away at the shore, rearranging the sand and bringing cliff-side structures crashing into the surf. It doesn’t behave like water in a bathtub.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Interactive mapping tool\u003c/a> – California inundation zones under different sea level rise scenarios\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for simplicity’s sake (and because scientists are still learning about how climate change will melt glaciers), researchers have generally projected sea level rise as if the ocean will remain still and calm as it creeps up on crucial infrastructure and seaside neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\">new\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> from the U.S. Geological Survey says the predicted damage from sea level rise in California \u003cem>triples\u003c/em> once tides, storms and erosion are taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many communities that are planning by only considering this in a bathtub and not considering the fact that that’ll be on top of these episodic storm events that’ll cause most of the short term impacts,” said the study’s lead author, Patrick Barnard, a USGS coastal geologist based in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that, once these variables are taken into account, more than $150 billion worth of property and infrastructure and about 600,000 coastal residents could be flooded by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-thirds of that property and those lives at risk are in and around the San Francisco Bay, said Barnard, who is the research director of the Climate Impacts and Coastal Processes Team at USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve effectively built on an estuary with millions of people just above sea level,” he said. “We’re in a highly vulnerable position in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Sloshing From Storms, More Damage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the team’s mathematical models factored in the variability of the tides, beach and cliff erosion, and once-in-decades storms, the predictions for coastal communities in a warming world got grim and wet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The locations threatened by flooding are the usual suspects: Foster City, Pacifica, and the San Francisco International Airport. \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Southern\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">will\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">also\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">be\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">hit\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">hard\u003c/a>, with the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach inundated and whole neighborhoods in Orange County under water during big storms and high tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bring it home for planners and the public, the study included \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">an\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">interactive\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">mapping\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">tool\u003c/a> with multiple layers representing different scenarios: a \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">king\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\">tide\u003c/a>, interventions to shore up beaches and wetlands, and various levels of sea rise. Users can look up their neighborhoods, their commutes, their favorite beaches or the port where their latest online order entered the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scenarios quickly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z/figures/3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put SFO under water\u003c/a>. Others flood marinas and homes in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z/figures/4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foster City\u003c/a>. Highway 101 along the Peninsula gets very wet when sea level rise and storms combine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of this imagery is “to make it accessible to high-level policy people by translating the physical impacts into the socioeconomic impacts,” Barnard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of climate change are already apparent every winter, he said. For example, Highway 37 in Marin County \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2019/02/19/highway-37-expected-to-reopen-wednesday/\">just\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2019/02/19/highway-37-expected-to-reopen-wednesday/\">reopened\u003c/a> after a levee broke during last month’s storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe that happens once a winter every five years or something. In the future, we’re going to see — instead of once or every five years —it’s going to happen every year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a couple of decades, that flooding will likely happen five times per year, then 20 times per year, Barnard said. Eventually, winter storms will send seawater creeping into areas that have never seen flooding before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Imagine It's 2050 and We've Solved Climate Change. Here's What the World Looks Like",
"headTitle": "Imagine It’s 2050 and We’ve Solved Climate Change. Here’s What the World Looks Like | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>When NPR interviewed Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in February about her Green New Deal, she said that her goal was bigger than just passing some new laws. “What I hope we’re able to do is rediscover the power of public imagination,” she said.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Well, we’re unleashing our imagination and exploring a dream, a possible future in which we’re bringing global warming to a halt. It’s a world in which greenhouse emissions have ended. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So — what does this world look like?\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Mass Electrification (Batteries Hold The Power)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Editor’s note: Each story has two sections, the first reflecting the present and the second imagining the world of 2050.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2019: I went looking for people who’ve mapped out this world without greenhouse emissions. I found them in Silicon Valley.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eiqmobility.com/team\">Sila Kiliccote\u003c/a> is an engineer. The back deck of her house, high up in the hills, overlooks Cupertino. Apple’s circular headquarters is hidden in the morning mist. It’s a long way from Istanbul, in Turkey, where she grew up; a great place to conjure up future worlds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe you’d like some coffee?” Kiliccote says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her coffee machine is powered by solar panels on the roof. So is her laptop and her Wi-Fi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything runs on electricity in this house,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the foundation of a zero-carbon world: Electricity that comes from clean sources, mainly the sun and the wind, cheap and increasingly abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it powers this house; tomorrow, it could drive the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Kiliccote quit her job at Stanford University and launched a startup company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eiqmobility.com/\">eIQ Mobility\u003c/a>, helping companies replace their fleets of vehicles, such as delivery vans, with electric-powered versions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to have impact, timely impact, I figured that I need to leave research and focus on impactful things that I want to do. And fast,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has to happen \u003cem>really\u003c/em> fast. Last year, the world’s climate scientists put out a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/\">report\u003c/a> showing what it will take to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C by the end of this century, averting the worst consequences of climate change. It requires bringing the globe’s net greenhouse emissions down to zero by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a giant leap for humankind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Sila Kiliccote and I take that leap. Sitting in her kitchen, with solar panels overhead and an electric car parked outside, we pretend that it has happened. It’s 2050 and we’ve stopped climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any sense of how we did it?” I ask her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pauses. “Yes,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2050: The first step was electric cars. That was actually pretty easy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By 2025, battery technology got cheaper,” she says. Electric cars were no longer more expensive. “At that point there was a massive shift to electric vehicles, because they were quieter, and cleaner, and [required] less maintenance. No oil change! Yippee! You know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating and cooling in homes and office buildings have gone electric, too. Gas-burning furnaces have been replaced with electric-power like heat pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We needed more electricity to power all this right when we were shutting down power plants that burned coal and gas. It took a massive increase in power from solar and wind farms. They now cover millions of acres in the U.S., 10 times more land than they did in 2020. Huge electrical transmission lines share electricity between North and South America. Europe is connected to vast solar installations in the Sahara desert, which means that sub-Saharan Africa also has access to cheap power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just changed Africa,” Kiliccote says. “It actually fueled the economies of Africa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We now store electricity so that it’s always there when we need it. With batteries, of course, but in lots of other ways, too. For instance, cities are using electricity to heat and chill \u003ca href=\"https://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/IDEA_Stagner_Stanford_fourth_Gen_DistrictEnergy.pdf\">massive tanks of water\u003c/a>, which then heat or cool buildings at any hour of the day or night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pangea.stanford.edu/people/sally-benson\">Sally Benson\u003c/a>, co-director of the Stanford Precourt Institute for Energy, is so ready to take the leap and imagine this zero-carbon world 2050, it’s a little startling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I regularly take a helicopter, an electric helicopter, from here to San Francisco,” she assures me, totally deadpan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can run a helicopter on batteries?” I ask, not quite believing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, yes! Oh, God, yes. That happened a long time ago,” Benson says, laughing. “That happened in the 2030s. That was great.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says that even in this all-electric world, there are some holdouts. Some things have just been really hard to electrify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big cement and steel plants still are burning coal or natural gas, but they also have to install massive plants to capture carbon dioxide from their smokestacks and put it back underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just had to kind of bite the bullet and say, ‘OK, if you’re making cement or steel, you are capturing and sequestering that CO2,'” Benson says. “And in some cases we actually had to say, ‘We’re not going to make those things here anymore'” because it wasn’t economically feasible to capture the CO2 emissions from that factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big, long-distance freight trucks were a problem, too. “They’re really heavy, and batteries are really heavy, and if you have to put a whole bunch of batteries on a truck it’s really inefficient,” Benson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some areas, like this one, our picture of the future gets a little fuzzy. Different guides to this 2050 world show me slightly different things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of my guides see “electric highways” with wires overhead, and trucks tapping into the electric power in those wires the same way trains do. Others see trucks running on hydrogen fuel; we make that hydrogen using solar or hydro power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears that aircraft still are burning jet fuel. When you buy a plane ticket, you’re also paying to cancel out that flight’s carbon emissions, capturing an equivalent amount of CO2 from the air. This makes air travel expensive. Fortunately, we now have much faster trains. Teleconferencing helps, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sally Benson is absolutely convinced about one thing. The hardest part of this journey wasn’t finding technical solutions. They all existed, even back in 2019. The hardest part was navigating the social disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The transformations were so profound that it really needed to be a collective effort,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entire industries died — like oil exploration and gas furnace manufacturing. Others rose to take their place, as the country rebuilt its electrical systems. People didn’t know what would happen and they were scared. The changes only moved ahead when people were convinced that they weren’t getting ignored and left behind. It was the political struggle of a generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in 2050, there’s a tremendous sense of accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are there children who look around at all the old buildings and say, ‘What are those things they call chimneys? What were they for?’ ” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do,” Benson says with a chuckle. “You know, it’s like a historical artifact, but you know, they find it very touching. They are appreciative, because they’re living in a world where they don’t need to worry about climate change anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t easy and it wasn’t free, Benson says. But it was absolutely worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air is so much cleaner. Cities are quieter. And we’re no longer heating up the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Urbanization Of Everything (A Desire Named Streetcars)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2019: I’m taking a walk through downtown Toronto, in Canada, with \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.speakers.ca/speakers/jennifer-keesmaat/\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Keesmaat\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, the city’s former chief planner.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keesmaat wants me to see one particular street. King Street. It’s the seed of a zero-carbon future, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King Street has a little bit of everything: glass-walled office buildings, theaters, old brick warehouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/planning-studies-initiatives/king-street-pilot/\">new set\u003c/a> of traffic rules went into effect here. “Basically, what we’ve done is, we’ve limited through-traffic for cars,” Keesmaat says. It forced cars away from King Street and launched a whole cascade of changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The streetcars that run down the middle of King Street weren’t stuck in traffic anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They became the best way to get across town at rush hour. “The volume of people being moved is astronomical!” Keesmaat says, as one rolls by. The streetcars, of course, are powered by electricity, and one passes every two or three minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, thousands of people have been moving into this downtown neighborhood, buying condos and renting apartments. Keesmaat knows one of them. He’s the father of one of her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He said to me a few weeks ago, he thinks he takes out his car about once every two weeks,” Keesmaat says. He walks to shops, restaurants and basketball games. His neighbors walk to jobs in the financial district right down the street. He’s not heating a big free-standing house, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has cut his energy use, and his greenhouse emissions, dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That wasn’t the driver for him,” Keesmaat says. “He didn’t say, ‘How do I in fact live smaller?” It just happened naturally in this new urban geography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a city planner, like Keesmaat, this is totally inspiring. “When we provide people with real choices, better choices, it can open up our minds!” she says. “We can change our minds about what we thought was the only way to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2050: At this point, Keesmaat and I open up our minds and take a leap into a world that could be. Greenhouse gas emissions have dropped to zero.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did we do it? By gradually reshaping our cities so that they look more like this neighborhood, with lots of people living close together, within walking distance of many of the things they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keesmaat can already see this city in her mind, and describe it. “The vast majority of streets have been pedestrianized; that’s how people get around, by walking down the street,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has happened to the sprawling suburbs?” I ask. “Are people living there? How are they getting around?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the large homes haven’t changed at all,” Keesmaat says. They’ve just been turned into multifamily units.” Other free-standing houses that once lined suburban cul-de-sacs have disappeared; each one has been replaced with a building that contains five or six homes. With the local population booming, those neighborhoods also attracted shops and offices. Suburban sprawl morphed into urban density.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cars have mostly disappeared. “There are cars, but people don’t own cars,” Keesmaat says. “Because a car is something that you use occasionally when you need it.” Streetcars and buses go practically everywhere in the city now, and you rarely have to wait more than a couple of minutes to catch one. Fast buses and trains connect towns. For other destinations, there’s car-sharing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2050? It’s a wonderful life!” says \u003ca href=\"https://sites.uoit.ca/sustainabilitytoday/blog-posts/profiles/Daniel-Hoornweg-Profile-Page.php\">Daniel Hoornweg\u003c/a>, another one of my guides to this zero-carbon world. He’s a professor of energy systems at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Years ago, he wrote a big \u003ca href=\"https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17381\">report\u003c/a> on cities and climate change for the World Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also can describe this new city, and how it took shape. Local governments created it, he says. First, they gave people new ways to get around: subways, bike lanes, buses and streetcars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But along with those carrots, there was also a stick. Cities took control of the precious real estate known as “roads” and started charging for the right to use them. “Maybe the most powerful thing that got us here, is [that] we got the pricing right,” he says. “So, you want an autonomous vehicle? Bless your heart, but it costs you more to drive that autonomous vehicle on the road by yourself. If you ride-share, it’s a little bit less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And this is even if they are electric vehicles?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even \u003cem>more\u003c/em> if they’re electric vehicles!” Hoornweg says. Personal electric cars for everyone couldn’t solve the problem, he explains. First of all, electricity is precious. We can’t waste it powering everybody’s electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, electric cars could have clogged the streets of our densely populated cities the same way gas-burning cars once did, back in, say, 2019. Our city of 2050 functions because streets are clear for buses and streetcars and bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The basic recipe — densely populated neighborhoods linked by mass transit —has been the same for cities all over the world, Hoornweg says. But the details came from constant experimentation. If an idea worked in one place, other cities snatched it up. For instance, way back in 1991 the city Curitiba, in Brazil, built dedicated roads for fast buses, kind of a train system running on wheels. That kind of \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/26/curitiba-brazil-brt-transport-revolution-history-cities-50-buildings\">system\u003c/a> has now spread around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it wasn’t just technology, Hoornweg says. Over the past three decades, from 2020 to 2050, a huge cultural shift has taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one example: In Toronto, the sharing economy that started decades ago with Uber and Airbnb is everywhere now. “Sharing rides, sharing tools, sharing somebody to look after your dog when you’re not there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we apparently still have dogs in 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, people are forced to share things; cars are scarce and homes are smaller. (Scores of home builders went belly-up in the 2030s when millions of people suddenly decided that big houses weren’t just expensive; they were lonely, too.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the scale of zero-carbon life also makes it easier to share. We’re living closer together and run into neighbors all the time. “We have more acquaintances — somebody we met in our ride pool or car pool or whatever,” Hoornweg says. “There’s no better way to [meet your neighbors] than sitting in a [shared] car and you can’t get away from them for 20 minutes or whatever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people hated losing their yards and their solitary commutes at first. Others loved the changes. Eventually, Hoornweg says, it just became normal. People stopped talking about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life now goes on as it always did. But there’s one huge difference. We’re no longer heating up the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Farmers Cut Down On Greenhouse Emissions (This Grass Really Is Greener)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2019: Jacobo Arango was traveling in a forested part of his country, Colombia, when he ran into one big reason for global warming. He didn’t see it, but he could hear it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could hear the chainsaw cutting the forest; and the locals [were] telling us that this is nothing unusual for them, that they were hearing that every day,” says Arango, who is a researcher at the \u003ca href=\"https://ciat.cgiar.org/\">International Center for Tropical Agriculture\u003c/a>, or CIAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was totally illegal. But local farmers didn’t dare report it. “They said, if you do that, your life could be in danger,” Arango recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually, what follows land clearing in the tropics is cattle grazing. It’s a careless, destructive form of cattle grazing, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/profile/tim-searchinger\">Tim Searchinger\u003c/a>, at the World Resources Institute, says it’s incredibly common. “Grazing land is about two-thirds of all agricultural land, and about a third of that came right out of clearing forests,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a climate disaster. First, cutting down trees and tearing up forest soil releases huge amounts of carbon dioxide. Then, cattle release methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, as microbes in their stomach digest grass and leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are greenhouse emissions from other kinds of farming, too — from plowing and from fertilizer. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data\">Add it all up\u003c/a>, and growing food accounts for a quarter of the entire climate change problem. That could increase, too, because billions of people around the world are getting richer; they want more beef, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no solution to climate change that doesn’t dramatically reduce the land use demands and greenhouse emissions of agriculture,” Searchinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his colleagues at WRI released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/world-resources-report/world-resources-report-creating-sustainable-food-future\">report\u003c/a> last year that laid out a road map for how to do this. It includes lots of things, from wasting less food to reducing greenhouse emissions from fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps the single biggest piece of the solution is something we don’t often hear about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ccafs.cgiar.org/news/media-centre/press-releases/ipcc-names-dr-jacobo-arango-lead-author-its-next-assessment-report#.XIGZC1VKhpg\">Jacobo Arango\u003c/a> wants to show it to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s brought me to a farm in the Patía valley, not far from Colombia’s Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is cattle-grazing country. I see wide, grassy pastures, lined by trees. Nohely Angulo Mosquera, the leader of a farmers cooperative, is clapping his hands, calling his cows, inviting them to move to a new pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This pasture is a bovine buffet. The grass is up to my waist. This is not ordinary grass that grows wild in this region. These are \u003ca href=\"https://ispc.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/pdf/ispc_brief_70_brachiaria.pdf\">varieties\u003c/a> with names like Mulato, and Cayman, which researchers at CIAT bred and selected to be top-quality cattle feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angulo Mosquera says that these grasses grow so fast, and they’re so nutritious, he can keep four or even six cows on land that used to support just one. He does have to manage the cows more carefully; moving them every few weeks to new pastures when the grass is ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More milk, more meat,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He doesn’t mention it, but it’s also true: In the old days, his cows took a long time to gain weight or produce a gallon of milk, but their gut microbes still kept churning out methane, day after day, year after year. Now, because the animals are growing so much faster, they aren’t releasing nearly as much methane per pound of milk or meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re looking at an essential part of a world without climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as we stand there, Jacobo Arango and I just start imagining it’s already happened, and talking as though it’s real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2050: The same way we stopped mining coal to generate electricity, we’ve stopped mining the soil to grow food.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s different now, in 2050,” Arango says with a smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a world without climate change, this is what cattle grazing looks like, all over the tropics. Farmers aren’t letting cows wander across the landscape in search of something to eat. They’re treating their pasture like a valuable crop, which it really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was critical, to change the mindset of cattle growers,” Arango says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, production is way up and “there is no need to cut the Amazon to do livestock production,” Arango says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another critical change: Americans are eating a lot less beef now — per person, half what they ate in 2020. “That’s a really, really big deal,” Searchinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traveling the country, you now see alternatives to beef and dairy products everywhere. There are blended mushroom-beef burgers in fast food chains and non-dairy cheese on pizzas. They even taste pretty good, thanks to the creative genius of America’s finest food scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who stop at these places don’t really think about the big global impact of what they’re doing, any more than they did when they were eating all hamburgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’ve been part of something amazing. It’s 2050 and there are almost 10 billion people in the world. They are eating better — yet the Amazon forest is still there. It hasn’t been sacrificed to grow food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, in parts of North and South America, including that farm we visited in Colombia, more trees are growing. We’re not mining the soil anymore. We’re replenishing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+2050+And+This+Is+How+We+Stopped+Climate+Change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>When NPR interviewed Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in February about her Green New Deal, she said that her goal was bigger than just passing some new laws. “What I hope we’re able to do is rediscover the power of public imagination,” she said.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Well, we’re unleashing our imagination and exploring a dream, a possible future in which we’re bringing global warming to a halt. It’s a world in which greenhouse emissions have ended. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So — what does this world look like?\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Mass Electrification (Batteries Hold The Power)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Editor’s note: Each story has two sections, the first reflecting the present and the second imagining the world of 2050.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2019: I went looking for people who’ve mapped out this world without greenhouse emissions. I found them in Silicon Valley.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eiqmobility.com/team\">Sila Kiliccote\u003c/a> is an engineer. The back deck of her house, high up in the hills, overlooks Cupertino. Apple’s circular headquarters is hidden in the morning mist. It’s a long way from Istanbul, in Turkey, where she grew up; a great place to conjure up future worlds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe you’d like some coffee?” Kiliccote says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her coffee machine is powered by solar panels on the roof. So is her laptop and her Wi-Fi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything runs on electricity in this house,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the foundation of a zero-carbon world: Electricity that comes from clean sources, mainly the sun and the wind, cheap and increasingly abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it powers this house; tomorrow, it could drive the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Kiliccote quit her job at Stanford University and launched a startup company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eiqmobility.com/\">eIQ Mobility\u003c/a>, helping companies replace their fleets of vehicles, such as delivery vans, with electric-powered versions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to have impact, timely impact, I figured that I need to leave research and focus on impactful things that I want to do. And fast,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has to happen \u003cem>really\u003c/em> fast. Last year, the world’s climate scientists put out a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/\">report\u003c/a> showing what it will take to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C by the end of this century, averting the worst consequences of climate change. It requires bringing the globe’s net greenhouse emissions down to zero by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a giant leap for humankind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Sila Kiliccote and I take that leap. Sitting in her kitchen, with solar panels overhead and an electric car parked outside, we pretend that it has happened. It’s 2050 and we’ve stopped climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any sense of how we did it?” I ask her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pauses. “Yes,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2050: The first step was electric cars. That was actually pretty easy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By 2025, battery technology got cheaper,” she says. Electric cars were no longer more expensive. “At that point there was a massive shift to electric vehicles, because they were quieter, and cleaner, and [required] less maintenance. No oil change! Yippee! You know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating and cooling in homes and office buildings have gone electric, too. Gas-burning furnaces have been replaced with electric-power like heat pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We needed more electricity to power all this right when we were shutting down power plants that burned coal and gas. It took a massive increase in power from solar and wind farms. They now cover millions of acres in the U.S., 10 times more land than they did in 2020. Huge electrical transmission lines share electricity between North and South America. Europe is connected to vast solar installations in the Sahara desert, which means that sub-Saharan Africa also has access to cheap power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just changed Africa,” Kiliccote says. “It actually fueled the economies of Africa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We now store electricity so that it’s always there when we need it. With batteries, of course, but in lots of other ways, too. For instance, cities are using electricity to heat and chill \u003ca href=\"https://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/IDEA_Stagner_Stanford_fourth_Gen_DistrictEnergy.pdf\">massive tanks of water\u003c/a>, which then heat or cool buildings at any hour of the day or night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pangea.stanford.edu/people/sally-benson\">Sally Benson\u003c/a>, co-director of the Stanford Precourt Institute for Energy, is so ready to take the leap and imagine this zero-carbon world 2050, it’s a little startling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I regularly take a helicopter, an electric helicopter, from here to San Francisco,” she assures me, totally deadpan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can run a helicopter on batteries?” I ask, not quite believing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, yes! Oh, God, yes. That happened a long time ago,” Benson says, laughing. “That happened in the 2030s. That was great.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says that even in this all-electric world, there are some holdouts. Some things have just been really hard to electrify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big cement and steel plants still are burning coal or natural gas, but they also have to install massive plants to capture carbon dioxide from their smokestacks and put it back underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just had to kind of bite the bullet and say, ‘OK, if you’re making cement or steel, you are capturing and sequestering that CO2,'” Benson says. “And in some cases we actually had to say, ‘We’re not going to make those things here anymore'” because it wasn’t economically feasible to capture the CO2 emissions from that factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big, long-distance freight trucks were a problem, too. “They’re really heavy, and batteries are really heavy, and if you have to put a whole bunch of batteries on a truck it’s really inefficient,” Benson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some areas, like this one, our picture of the future gets a little fuzzy. Different guides to this 2050 world show me slightly different things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of my guides see “electric highways” with wires overhead, and trucks tapping into the electric power in those wires the same way trains do. Others see trucks running on hydrogen fuel; we make that hydrogen using solar or hydro power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears that aircraft still are burning jet fuel. When you buy a plane ticket, you’re also paying to cancel out that flight’s carbon emissions, capturing an equivalent amount of CO2 from the air. This makes air travel expensive. Fortunately, we now have much faster trains. Teleconferencing helps, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sally Benson is absolutely convinced about one thing. The hardest part of this journey wasn’t finding technical solutions. They all existed, even back in 2019. The hardest part was navigating the social disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The transformations were so profound that it really needed to be a collective effort,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entire industries died — like oil exploration and gas furnace manufacturing. Others rose to take their place, as the country rebuilt its electrical systems. People didn’t know what would happen and they were scared. The changes only moved ahead when people were convinced that they weren’t getting ignored and left behind. It was the political struggle of a generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in 2050, there’s a tremendous sense of accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are there children who look around at all the old buildings and say, ‘What are those things they call chimneys? What were they for?’ ” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do,” Benson says with a chuckle. “You know, it’s like a historical artifact, but you know, they find it very touching. They are appreciative, because they’re living in a world where they don’t need to worry about climate change anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t easy and it wasn’t free, Benson says. But it was absolutely worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air is so much cleaner. Cities are quieter. And we’re no longer heating up the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Urbanization Of Everything (A Desire Named Streetcars)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2019: I’m taking a walk through downtown Toronto, in Canada, with \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.speakers.ca/speakers/jennifer-keesmaat/\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Keesmaat\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, the city’s former chief planner.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keesmaat wants me to see one particular street. King Street. It’s the seed of a zero-carbon future, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King Street has a little bit of everything: glass-walled office buildings, theaters, old brick warehouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/planning-studies-initiatives/king-street-pilot/\">new set\u003c/a> of traffic rules went into effect here. “Basically, what we’ve done is, we’ve limited through-traffic for cars,” Keesmaat says. It forced cars away from King Street and launched a whole cascade of changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The streetcars that run down the middle of King Street weren’t stuck in traffic anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They became the best way to get across town at rush hour. “The volume of people being moved is astronomical!” Keesmaat says, as one rolls by. The streetcars, of course, are powered by electricity, and one passes every two or three minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, thousands of people have been moving into this downtown neighborhood, buying condos and renting apartments. Keesmaat knows one of them. He’s the father of one of her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He said to me a few weeks ago, he thinks he takes out his car about once every two weeks,” Keesmaat says. He walks to shops, restaurants and basketball games. His neighbors walk to jobs in the financial district right down the street. He’s not heating a big free-standing house, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has cut his energy use, and his greenhouse emissions, dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That wasn’t the driver for him,” Keesmaat says. “He didn’t say, ‘How do I in fact live smaller?” It just happened naturally in this new urban geography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a city planner, like Keesmaat, this is totally inspiring. “When we provide people with real choices, better choices, it can open up our minds!” she says. “We can change our minds about what we thought was the only way to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2050: At this point, Keesmaat and I open up our minds and take a leap into a world that could be. Greenhouse gas emissions have dropped to zero.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did we do it? By gradually reshaping our cities so that they look more like this neighborhood, with lots of people living close together, within walking distance of many of the things they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keesmaat can already see this city in her mind, and describe it. “The vast majority of streets have been pedestrianized; that’s how people get around, by walking down the street,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has happened to the sprawling suburbs?” I ask. “Are people living there? How are they getting around?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the large homes haven’t changed at all,” Keesmaat says. They’ve just been turned into multifamily units.” Other free-standing houses that once lined suburban cul-de-sacs have disappeared; each one has been replaced with a building that contains five or six homes. With the local population booming, those neighborhoods also attracted shops and offices. Suburban sprawl morphed into urban density.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cars have mostly disappeared. “There are cars, but people don’t own cars,” Keesmaat says. “Because a car is something that you use occasionally when you need it.” Streetcars and buses go practically everywhere in the city now, and you rarely have to wait more than a couple of minutes to catch one. Fast buses and trains connect towns. For other destinations, there’s car-sharing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2050? It’s a wonderful life!” says \u003ca href=\"https://sites.uoit.ca/sustainabilitytoday/blog-posts/profiles/Daniel-Hoornweg-Profile-Page.php\">Daniel Hoornweg\u003c/a>, another one of my guides to this zero-carbon world. He’s a professor of energy systems at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Years ago, he wrote a big \u003ca href=\"https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17381\">report\u003c/a> on cities and climate change for the World Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also can describe this new city, and how it took shape. Local governments created it, he says. First, they gave people new ways to get around: subways, bike lanes, buses and streetcars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But along with those carrots, there was also a stick. Cities took control of the precious real estate known as “roads” and started charging for the right to use them. “Maybe the most powerful thing that got us here, is [that] we got the pricing right,” he says. “So, you want an autonomous vehicle? Bless your heart, but it costs you more to drive that autonomous vehicle on the road by yourself. If you ride-share, it’s a little bit less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And this is even if they are electric vehicles?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even \u003cem>more\u003c/em> if they’re electric vehicles!” Hoornweg says. Personal electric cars for everyone couldn’t solve the problem, he explains. First of all, electricity is precious. We can’t waste it powering everybody’s electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, electric cars could have clogged the streets of our densely populated cities the same way gas-burning cars once did, back in, say, 2019. Our city of 2050 functions because streets are clear for buses and streetcars and bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The basic recipe — densely populated neighborhoods linked by mass transit —has been the same for cities all over the world, Hoornweg says. But the details came from constant experimentation. If an idea worked in one place, other cities snatched it up. For instance, way back in 1991 the city Curitiba, in Brazil, built dedicated roads for fast buses, kind of a train system running on wheels. That kind of \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/26/curitiba-brazil-brt-transport-revolution-history-cities-50-buildings\">system\u003c/a> has now spread around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it wasn’t just technology, Hoornweg says. Over the past three decades, from 2020 to 2050, a huge cultural shift has taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one example: In Toronto, the sharing economy that started decades ago with Uber and Airbnb is everywhere now. “Sharing rides, sharing tools, sharing somebody to look after your dog when you’re not there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we apparently still have dogs in 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, people are forced to share things; cars are scarce and homes are smaller. (Scores of home builders went belly-up in the 2030s when millions of people suddenly decided that big houses weren’t just expensive; they were lonely, too.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the scale of zero-carbon life also makes it easier to share. We’re living closer together and run into neighbors all the time. “We have more acquaintances — somebody we met in our ride pool or car pool or whatever,” Hoornweg says. “There’s no better way to [meet your neighbors] than sitting in a [shared] car and you can’t get away from them for 20 minutes or whatever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people hated losing their yards and their solitary commutes at first. Others loved the changes. Eventually, Hoornweg says, it just became normal. People stopped talking about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life now goes on as it always did. But there’s one huge difference. We’re no longer heating up the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Farmers Cut Down On Greenhouse Emissions (This Grass Really Is Greener)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2019: Jacobo Arango was traveling in a forested part of his country, Colombia, when he ran into one big reason for global warming. He didn’t see it, but he could hear it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could hear the chainsaw cutting the forest; and the locals [were] telling us that this is nothing unusual for them, that they were hearing that every day,” says Arango, who is a researcher at the \u003ca href=\"https://ciat.cgiar.org/\">International Center for Tropical Agriculture\u003c/a>, or CIAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was totally illegal. But local farmers didn’t dare report it. “They said, if you do that, your life could be in danger,” Arango recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually, what follows land clearing in the tropics is cattle grazing. It’s a careless, destructive form of cattle grazing, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/profile/tim-searchinger\">Tim Searchinger\u003c/a>, at the World Resources Institute, says it’s incredibly common. “Grazing land is about two-thirds of all agricultural land, and about a third of that came right out of clearing forests,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a climate disaster. First, cutting down trees and tearing up forest soil releases huge amounts of carbon dioxide. Then, cattle release methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, as microbes in their stomach digest grass and leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are greenhouse emissions from other kinds of farming, too — from plowing and from fertilizer. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data\">Add it all up\u003c/a>, and growing food accounts for a quarter of the entire climate change problem. That could increase, too, because billions of people around the world are getting richer; they want more beef, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no solution to climate change that doesn’t dramatically reduce the land use demands and greenhouse emissions of agriculture,” Searchinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his colleagues at WRI released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/world-resources-report/world-resources-report-creating-sustainable-food-future\">report\u003c/a> last year that laid out a road map for how to do this. It includes lots of things, from wasting less food to reducing greenhouse emissions from fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps the single biggest piece of the solution is something we don’t often hear about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ccafs.cgiar.org/news/media-centre/press-releases/ipcc-names-dr-jacobo-arango-lead-author-its-next-assessment-report#.XIGZC1VKhpg\">Jacobo Arango\u003c/a> wants to show it to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s brought me to a farm in the Patía valley, not far from Colombia’s Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is cattle-grazing country. I see wide, grassy pastures, lined by trees. Nohely Angulo Mosquera, the leader of a farmers cooperative, is clapping his hands, calling his cows, inviting them to move to a new pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This pasture is a bovine buffet. The grass is up to my waist. This is not ordinary grass that grows wild in this region. These are \u003ca href=\"https://ispc.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/pdf/ispc_brief_70_brachiaria.pdf\">varieties\u003c/a> with names like Mulato, and Cayman, which researchers at CIAT bred and selected to be top-quality cattle feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angulo Mosquera says that these grasses grow so fast, and they’re so nutritious, he can keep four or even six cows on land that used to support just one. He does have to manage the cows more carefully; moving them every few weeks to new pastures when the grass is ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More milk, more meat,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He doesn’t mention it, but it’s also true: In the old days, his cows took a long time to gain weight or produce a gallon of milk, but their gut microbes still kept churning out methane, day after day, year after year. Now, because the animals are growing so much faster, they aren’t releasing nearly as much methane per pound of milk or meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re looking at an essential part of a world without climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as we stand there, Jacobo Arango and I just start imagining it’s already happened, and talking as though it’s real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2050: The same way we stopped mining coal to generate electricity, we’ve stopped mining the soil to grow food.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s different now, in 2050,” Arango says with a smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a world without climate change, this is what cattle grazing looks like, all over the tropics. Farmers aren’t letting cows wander across the landscape in search of something to eat. They’re treating their pasture like a valuable crop, which it really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was critical, to change the mindset of cattle growers,” Arango says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, production is way up and “there is no need to cut the Amazon to do livestock production,” Arango says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another critical change: Americans are eating a lot less beef now — per person, half what they ate in 2020. “That’s a really, really big deal,” Searchinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traveling the country, you now see alternatives to beef and dairy products everywhere. There are blended mushroom-beef burgers in fast food chains and non-dairy cheese on pizzas. They even taste pretty good, thanks to the creative genius of America’s finest food scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who stop at these places don’t really think about the big global impact of what they’re doing, any more than they did when they were eating all hamburgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’ve been part of something amazing. It’s 2050 and there are almost 10 billion people in the world. They are eating better — yet the Amazon forest is still there. It hasn’t been sacrificed to grow food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, in parts of North and South America, including that farm we visited in Colombia, more trees are growing. We’re not mining the soil anymore. We’re replenishing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+2050+And+This+Is+How+We+Stopped+Climate+Change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "All of California Is Now Out of Drought, According to U.S. Drought Monitor",
"headTitle": "All of California Is Now Out of Drought, According to U.S. Drought Monitor | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>This particular California winter has unfolded in good news/bad news fashion. Courtesy of a string of recurring \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1935067/rivers-in-the-sky-what-you-need-to-know-about-atmospheric-river-storms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>, potent storms have caused flooding, power outages and canceled flights. But they have also — by at least one key measure — lifted the state completely out of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weekly map released by the U.S. Drought Monitor on Mar. 14 shows no remaining vestiges of California in moderate-or-more severe levels of drought. Less than 7 percent of the state remains “abnormally dry” (yellow areas).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 715px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/USDM-CA_190314.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939101\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/USDM-CA_190314.png\" alt=\"Map: U.S. Drought Monitor\" width=\"715\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/USDM-CA_190314.png 715w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/USDM-CA_190314-160x141.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S. Drought Monitor’s California map shows no areas in drought, for the first time in more than seven years. \u003ccite>(National Drought Mitigation Ctr.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting that while the Drought Monitor, produced jointly by the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, is one measure of drought conditions, it’s a fairly comprehensive one. Authors take \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1441706/color-me-dry-drought-maps-blend-art-and-science-but-no-politics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a broad array of factors\u003c/a> into account, including groundwater conditions, where data is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We primarily use groundwater data from the USGS; however, data is sparsely distributed across the state,” said David Simeral, one of 12 scientists who take turns assessing conditions for the U.S. Drought Monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More well data is available for areas in Southern California than in Northern California, Simeral says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the left, below, you can see the \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a> released last week by the U.S. Drought Monitor, which is almost completely devoid of colors indicating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1441706/color-me-dry-drought-maps-blend-art-and-science-but-no-politics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">various levels of \u003c/a>parchedness. On the right is the same map from three years ago, bleeding brick-red and showing nearly 40 percent of the state in the most advanced stage of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1140px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1938979 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3.jpg 1140w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-800x442.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-768x424.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-1020x564.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-672x372.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California drought map as of March 5, 2019 is on the left. On the right is the map from March 8, 2016. \u003ccite>(U.S. Drought Monitor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>KQED Science Managing Editor \u003cstrong>Paul Rogers\u003c/strong> recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/07/heres-how-much-recent-rains-have-washed-away-californias-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a> about the state’s stunning water comeback for the San Jose Mercury News, where he reports on science and the environment. Here are some key points from Rogers about current water conditions in California, taken from an interview with KQED’s Brian Watt (numbers reflect the Drought Monitor issued on Mar. 5.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>People were worried at one point about another drought developing. How about now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a dry winter last year and a dry December this year, people were starting to worry that the kind of drought conditions we saw between 2012 and 2016 might be coming back. But then it started raining like crazy, particularly in February and through early March, and those rains have really washed away fears of a returning drought. The new report showed that less than 1 percent of California, a tiny sliver up near Oregon, is still in a drought, and it’s classified as “moderate.” So our reservoirs are full, our rivers are full, and things are looking good in terms of the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long has it been since the state’s water tank has been this full?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have to go back to December 2011 to find a time when such a small amount of the state has been in drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just by comparison, a year ago, 47 percent of California was in drought. In March 2016, 97 percent of California was in a drought. Now we’re at 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do the storms of this year compare to those of the past?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a really good \u003ca href=\"http://ggweather.com/sf/monthly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historical rainfall record\u003c/a> in San Francisco, going all the way back to 1850. In February, San Francisco saw 7.6 inches of rain. That’s twice as much as the historical average and the largest amount of rain in 10 years. The month’s rain total was the 16th most in a February In 169 years, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What happened to cause the turnaround in precipitation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/26293/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>?” That was a big mass of high pressure air sitting in the Pacific Ocean. It acted like a large boulder in a river, blocking the storms trying to make their way to California, pushing them up into Canada and other places. That ridge is long gone, and low-pressure zones are setting up conditions where these wet atmospheric river storms from the tropics just keep barreling into the state, one after the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Courtesy of a procession of atmospheric rivers, potent storms have brought flooding, power outages and canceled flights. But they have also lifted the entire state completely out of drought, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor map.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This particular California winter has unfolded in good news/bad news fashion. Courtesy of a string of recurring \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1935067/rivers-in-the-sky-what-you-need-to-know-about-atmospheric-river-storms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>, potent storms have caused flooding, power outages and canceled flights. But they have also — by at least one key measure — lifted the state completely out of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weekly map released by the U.S. Drought Monitor on Mar. 14 shows no remaining vestiges of California in moderate-or-more severe levels of drought. Less than 7 percent of the state remains “abnormally dry” (yellow areas).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 715px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/USDM-CA_190314.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939101\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/USDM-CA_190314.png\" alt=\"Map: U.S. Drought Monitor\" width=\"715\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/USDM-CA_190314.png 715w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/USDM-CA_190314-160x141.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S. Drought Monitor’s California map shows no areas in drought, for the first time in more than seven years. \u003ccite>(National Drought Mitigation Ctr.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting that while the Drought Monitor, produced jointly by the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, is one measure of drought conditions, it’s a fairly comprehensive one. Authors take \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1441706/color-me-dry-drought-maps-blend-art-and-science-but-no-politics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a broad array of factors\u003c/a> into account, including groundwater conditions, where data is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We primarily use groundwater data from the USGS; however, data is sparsely distributed across the state,” said David Simeral, one of 12 scientists who take turns assessing conditions for the U.S. Drought Monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More well data is available for areas in Southern California than in Northern California, Simeral says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the left, below, you can see the \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a> released last week by the U.S. Drought Monitor, which is almost completely devoid of colors indicating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1441706/color-me-dry-drought-maps-blend-art-and-science-but-no-politics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">various levels of \u003c/a>parchedness. On the right is the same map from three years ago, bleeding brick-red and showing nearly 40 percent of the state in the most advanced stage of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1140px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1938979 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3.jpg 1140w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-800x442.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-768x424.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-1020x564.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/03/droughtcomparison3-672x372.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California drought map as of March 5, 2019 is on the left. On the right is the map from March 8, 2016. \u003ccite>(U.S. Drought Monitor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>KQED Science Managing Editor \u003cstrong>Paul Rogers\u003c/strong> recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/07/heres-how-much-recent-rains-have-washed-away-californias-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a> about the state’s stunning water comeback for the San Jose Mercury News, where he reports on science and the environment. Here are some key points from Rogers about current water conditions in California, taken from an interview with KQED’s Brian Watt (numbers reflect the Drought Monitor issued on Mar. 5.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>People were worried at one point about another drought developing. How about now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a dry winter last year and a dry December this year, people were starting to worry that the kind of drought conditions we saw between 2012 and 2016 might be coming back. But then it started raining like crazy, particularly in February and through early March, and those rains have really washed away fears of a returning drought. The new report showed that less than 1 percent of California, a tiny sliver up near Oregon, is still in a drought, and it’s classified as “moderate.” So our reservoirs are full, our rivers are full, and things are looking good in terms of the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long has it been since the state’s water tank has been this full?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have to go back to December 2011 to find a time when such a small amount of the state has been in drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just by comparison, a year ago, 47 percent of California was in drought. In March 2016, 97 percent of California was in a drought. Now we’re at 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do the storms of this year compare to those of the past?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a really good \u003ca href=\"http://ggweather.com/sf/monthly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historical rainfall record\u003c/a> in San Francisco, going all the way back to 1850. In February, San Francisco saw 7.6 inches of rain. That’s twice as much as the historical average and the largest amount of rain in 10 years. The month’s rain total was the 16th most in a February In 169 years, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What happened to cause the turnaround in precipitation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/26293/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>?” That was a big mass of high pressure air sitting in the Pacific Ocean. It acted like a large boulder in a river, blocking the storms trying to make their way to California, pushing them up into Canada and other places. That ridge is long gone, and low-pressure zones are setting up conditions where these wet atmospheric river storms from the tropics just keep barreling into the state, one after the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "On Sunday, 2 a.m. Disappeared, and Now You Feel Like Crud. Here's Why ...",
"headTitle": "On Sunday, 2 a.m. Disappeared, and Now You Feel Like Crud. Here’s Why … | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In the early morning hours of Sunday, March 10, clocks will spring forward, as the popular reminder goes, from 1:59 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. There will be no 2 a.m. It will be as if it has evaporated. This means that, if your day runs on a schedule, you’ll lose an hour of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daylight saving time is here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many people enjoy the extra light in the evenings that comes with “springing forward,” the switch comes with some pretty clear side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of medical studies indicate the collective loss of sleep leads to increased \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/study-ties-daylight-saving-time-change-to-rise-in-heart-attacks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart attacks\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stroke\u003c/a>. And one study estimated as many as \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2015/retrieve.php?pdfid=544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">17 percent more accidents nationwide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can one little lost hour cause so much havoc? The answer lies in our cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933282/spring-forward-fall-back-or-neither-why-changing-our-clocks-might-fade-into-history\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v.jpg\" alt=\"An image of Benjamin Franklin.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933282/spring-forward-fall-back-or-neither-why-changing-our-clocks-might-fade-into-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read about the pros and cons of Daylight Saving Time and it’s historical roots in the writings of Benjamin Franklin.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Benjamin Smarr is a UC Berkeley researcher who studies the watime dictates changes in our brains and our behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have circadian clocks in every cell in our body. Every organ in our body is made up of cells trying to keep time,” Smarr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When our timing is out of whack — from missed sleep, an altered schedule, or jet lag\u003cstrong> — \u003c/strong>it misaligns biologically coordinated processes like attention and perception, digestion, emotions and even blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One system falling apart looks scary, says Smarr. But when multiple and contrary functions are competing with each other — “it’s time to sleep,” “no it’s time to digest,” “no it’s time to be active,” — it’s the recipe for a physiological nightmare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To add insult to sometimes literal injury, there are scant, if any, energy savings now associated with daylight saving time. (Though there did used to be when DST was first popularized during World War I.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these and other reasons, many states, including California, Oregon and Washington, are considering doing away with twice-yearly time changes. Already Puerto Rico, Arizona and Hawaii keep their clocks steady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933945/proposition-7-california-favors-year-round-daylight-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California voters chose to ask the Legislature\u003c/a> to consider enacting year-round DST, subject to federal approval. A bill, introduced by South and East Bay Democrat Kansen Chu, is now in committee in the assembly awaiting a hearing, possibly as soon as this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Sure the extra daylight in the evening due to daylight saving will be nice, but the loss of an hour of sleep could mean some rough mornings ahead. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the early morning hours of Sunday, March 10, clocks will spring forward, as the popular reminder goes, from 1:59 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. There will be no 2 a.m. It will be as if it has evaporated. This means that, if your day runs on a schedule, you’ll lose an hour of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daylight saving time is here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many people enjoy the extra light in the evenings that comes with “springing forward,” the switch comes with some pretty clear side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of medical studies indicate the collective loss of sleep leads to increased \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/study-ties-daylight-saving-time-change-to-rise-in-heart-attacks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart attacks\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stroke\u003c/a>. And one study estimated as many as \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2015/retrieve.php?pdfid=544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">17 percent more accidents nationwide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can one little lost hour cause so much havoc? The answer lies in our cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933282/spring-forward-fall-back-or-neither-why-changing-our-clocks-might-fade-into-history\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v.jpg\" alt=\"An image of Benjamin Franklin.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933282/spring-forward-fall-back-or-neither-why-changing-our-clocks-might-fade-into-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read about the pros and cons of Daylight Saving Time and it’s historical roots in the writings of Benjamin Franklin.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Benjamin Smarr is a UC Berkeley researcher who studies the watime dictates changes in our brains and our behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have circadian clocks in every cell in our body. Every organ in our body is made up of cells trying to keep time,” Smarr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When our timing is out of whack — from missed sleep, an altered schedule, or jet lag\u003cstrong> — \u003c/strong>it misaligns biologically coordinated processes like attention and perception, digestion, emotions and even blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One system falling apart looks scary, says Smarr. But when multiple and contrary functions are competing with each other — “it’s time to sleep,” “no it’s time to digest,” “no it’s time to be active,” — it’s the recipe for a physiological nightmare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To add insult to sometimes literal injury, there are scant, if any, energy savings now associated with daylight saving time. (Though there did used to be when DST was first popularized during World War I.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these and other reasons, many states, including California, Oregon and Washington, are considering doing away with twice-yearly time changes. Already Puerto Rico, Arizona and Hawaii keep their clocks steady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933945/proposition-7-california-favors-year-round-daylight-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California voters chose to ask the Legislature\u003c/a> to consider enacting year-round DST, subject to federal approval. A bill, introduced by South and East Bay Democrat Kansen Chu, is now in committee in the assembly awaiting a hearing, possibly as soon as this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Guess What, California? Now You Need to Prepare for Erupting Volcanoes",
"headTitle": "Guess What, California? Now You Need to Prepare for Erupting Volcanoes | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZD9K4q55jk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes, wildfires, floods. If you live in California, you’re likely aware of these natural hazards and the dangers associated with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to a U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20185159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> released last week, California is also home to eight volcanic areas, posing threats categorized from moderate to very high. Seven of these areas are considered active, with molten rock bubbling underneath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These volcanic hotpots span the length of California from Medicine Lake in the far northern region of the state down to Salton Buttes near the U.S.-Mexico border. Clear Lake volcanic field, in Lake County, is roughly 100 miles from both San Francisco and Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other active sites include Mount Shasta and Lassen Volcanic Center in Northern California, as well as Long Valley Volcanic Region near Mammoth Lakes, and Coso Volcanic Field, east of a string of unincorporated communities along Highway 395.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 604px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1938836\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940.png 604w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940-160x177.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sites of California’s eight volcanic hotspots. \u003ccite>(USGS California Volcano Observatory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5159/sir20185159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>, titled “California’s Exposure to Volcanic Hazards,” was compiled by the USGS \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/calvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Volcano Observatory\u003c/a> in collaboration with the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services and the California Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on records of volcanic history, geologists calculate the chance of an eruption in California over the next 30 years at 16 percent. For comparison, scientists have pegged the 30-year probability of a major earthquake in the Bay Area along the San Andreas Fault at about 22 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Ball, a geologist with the California Volcano Observatory and a co-author on the report, says many Californians aren’t aware of the possibilities of a volcanic eruption in the state. Volcanoes operate over longer timescales, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, earthquakes tend to take front and center. We have had more of them in the 20th century and 21st century than we have had volcanic activity. So it’s sort of out of people’s memories that we’ve got active volcanoes in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/30444/four-days-in-may-mount-lassen-erupted-100-years-ago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of eruptions\u003c/a> in California occurred from 1914 to 1917 within the Lassen Volcanic Center, with an explosive eruption of Lassen Peak on May 22, 1915. Lava flows, hot ash, mudslides and avalanches resulting from the eruptions had major impacts on the surrounding region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvmInz9TgMw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purpose of the report, which was requested by the Office of Emergency Services, was to compile scientific knowledge about volcanoes in California and outline the major hazards that could result should one erupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each volcano has its own hazards,” Ball said. Medicine Lake, for example, could face lava flows. Whereas the Lassen region should be more concerned with lahars (mudslides) or high-speed “pyroclastic flows” of ash and lava powered by pressurized gas, which are a main cause of eruption-related fatalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938839\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938839\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-800x767.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"767\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-800x767.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-160x153.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-768x736.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h.png 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The possible hazards of a volcanic eruption in California. \u003ccite>(USGS California Volcano Observatory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ball says the focus of the work was to home in on “populations, resources and infrastructure that are potentially in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urban areas that stand to be most affected are around Mount Shasta, where over 100,000 people live, work or travel within the hazard zone daily. Redding, in particular, lies relatively close to all three of the active volcanoes in far-northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Shasta last erupted in 1786. An eruption of Shasta, according to Ball, could result in a range of hazards with varying severity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volcanic ash clouds, for example, might pose a threat to air quality, flight patterns, road conditions, and water supply. Depending on the location and nature of the eruption, lava or pyroclastic flows could warrant evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re hoping is that our partners — land managers and emergency managers and decision-makers in the state — will take the information that we provided and start making their own plans for how to help people deal with these hazards,” Ball said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Information Officer Shawn Boyd of the Office of Emergency Services says the agency incorporates the threat of California’s volcanoes into their emergency response planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reports from USGS and the California Volcano Observatory are used to inform the state’s Volcano Preparedness Plan, which is part of California’s greater \u003ca href=\"https://www.caloes.ca.gov/PlanningPreparednessSite/Documents/California_State_Emergency_Plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergency plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the volcanic hazards in California the same way we do at any other disaster,” Boyd said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Pridmore, a geologist with the California Geological Survey who also contributed to the new USGS report, says it’s key for local agencies to stay informed about volcanic activity the same way they do for earthquakes, tsunamis and other dangers. For the general public, she says, the report is a chance to get prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re in one of these regions, it’s just another reason you need to have one of those to-go kits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volcanic activity in California is monitored by the Volcano Observatory n Menlo Park. Up-to-date information on all seven of California’s active volcanoes is available on its \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/calvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event of an eruption, observatory will \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/index.html\">issue alerts\u003c/a> and report to Cal OES to initiate emergency protocols along with local counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want [people] to get scared,” Ball says. “We’re not talking doomsday scenarios. We just want them to know that these hazards could happen sometime in the future and that they might be called on to make decisions about their safety and their livelihood.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/nZD9K4q55jk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/nZD9K4q55jk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Earthquakes, wildfires, floods. If you live in California, you’re likely aware of these natural hazards and the dangers associated with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to a U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20185159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> released last week, California is also home to eight volcanic areas, posing threats categorized from moderate to very high. Seven of these areas are considered active, with molten rock bubbling underneath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These volcanic hotpots span the length of California from Medicine Lake in the far northern region of the state down to Salton Buttes near the U.S.-Mexico border. Clear Lake volcanic field, in Lake County, is roughly 100 miles from both San Francisco and Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other active sites include Mount Shasta and Lassen Volcanic Center in Northern California, as well as Long Valley Volcanic Region near Mammoth Lakes, and Coso Volcanic Field, east of a string of unincorporated communities along Highway 395.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 604px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1938836\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940.png 604w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940-160x177.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sites of California’s eight volcanic hotspots. \u003ccite>(USGS California Volcano Observatory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5159/sir20185159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>, titled “California’s Exposure to Volcanic Hazards,” was compiled by the USGS \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/calvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Volcano Observatory\u003c/a> in collaboration with the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services and the California Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on records of volcanic history, geologists calculate the chance of an eruption in California over the next 30 years at 16 percent. For comparison, scientists have pegged the 30-year probability of a major earthquake in the Bay Area along the San Andreas Fault at about 22 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Ball, a geologist with the California Volcano Observatory and a co-author on the report, says many Californians aren’t aware of the possibilities of a volcanic eruption in the state. Volcanoes operate over longer timescales, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, earthquakes tend to take front and center. We have had more of them in the 20th century and 21st century than we have had volcanic activity. So it’s sort of out of people’s memories that we’ve got active volcanoes in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/30444/four-days-in-may-mount-lassen-erupted-100-years-ago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of eruptions\u003c/a> in California occurred from 1914 to 1917 within the Lassen Volcanic Center, with an explosive eruption of Lassen Peak on May 22, 1915. Lava flows, hot ash, mudslides and avalanches resulting from the eruptions had major impacts on the surrounding region.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/KvmInz9TgMw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/KvmInz9TgMw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The purpose of the report, which was requested by the Office of Emergency Services, was to compile scientific knowledge about volcanoes in California and outline the major hazards that could result should one erupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each volcano has its own hazards,” Ball said. Medicine Lake, for example, could face lava flows. Whereas the Lassen region should be more concerned with lahars (mudslides) or high-speed “pyroclastic flows” of ash and lava powered by pressurized gas, which are a main cause of eruption-related fatalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938839\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938839\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-800x767.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"767\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-800x767.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-160x153.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-768x736.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h.png 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The possible hazards of a volcanic eruption in California. \u003ccite>(USGS California Volcano Observatory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ball says the focus of the work was to home in on “populations, resources and infrastructure that are potentially in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urban areas that stand to be most affected are around Mount Shasta, where over 100,000 people live, work or travel within the hazard zone daily. Redding, in particular, lies relatively close to all three of the active volcanoes in far-northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Shasta last erupted in 1786. An eruption of Shasta, according to Ball, could result in a range of hazards with varying severity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volcanic ash clouds, for example, might pose a threat to air quality, flight patterns, road conditions, and water supply. Depending on the location and nature of the eruption, lava or pyroclastic flows could warrant evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re hoping is that our partners — land managers and emergency managers and decision-makers in the state — will take the information that we provided and start making their own plans for how to help people deal with these hazards,” Ball said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Information Officer Shawn Boyd of the Office of Emergency Services says the agency incorporates the threat of California’s volcanoes into their emergency response planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reports from USGS and the California Volcano Observatory are used to inform the state’s Volcano Preparedness Plan, which is part of California’s greater \u003ca href=\"https://www.caloes.ca.gov/PlanningPreparednessSite/Documents/California_State_Emergency_Plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergency plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the volcanic hazards in California the same way we do at any other disaster,” Boyd said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Pridmore, a geologist with the California Geological Survey who also contributed to the new USGS report, says it’s key for local agencies to stay informed about volcanic activity the same way they do for earthquakes, tsunamis and other dangers. For the general public, she says, the report is a chance to get prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re in one of these regions, it’s just another reason you need to have one of those to-go kits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volcanic activity in California is monitored by the Volcano Observatory n Menlo Park. Up-to-date information on all seven of California’s active volcanoes is available on its \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/calvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event of an eruption, observatory will \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/index.html\">issue alerts\u003c/a> and report to Cal OES to initiate emergency protocols along with local counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want [people] to get scared,” Ball says. “We’re not talking doomsday scenarios. We just want them to know that these hazards could happen sometime in the future and that they might be called on to make decisions about their safety and their livelihood.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "PHOTOS: Latest Winter Storm Lights Up Southern California Sky",
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"content": "\u003cp>Another very wet storm rolled into Southern California with spectacular lightning, thunderclaps and downpours, but evacuations were canceled Wednesday as significant debris and mud flows did not materialize.[contextly_sidebar id=”tWwS64gSK0n3mJCNQWGlKUyVmC0LZa4e”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous traffic accidents, localized street flooding and canyon rock falls snarled Los Angeles area traffic, but conditions were diminishing to showers as the system moved east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm was the latest atmospheric river to flow into the state this winter. The National Weather Service reported “copious” lightning strikes as the long plume of Pacific moisture approached the coast late Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sky over Southern California was streaked with bolts as thunder boomed and rattled the region. The weather service said it was “one of the more electrically active systems” seen all winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1938868\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-800x569.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-768x546.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938863\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938863\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-800x547.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-768x525.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-1020x697.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lightning strikes in the skies above Santa Barbara, CA, March 5, 2019. \u003ccite>(Mike Eliason/Santa Barbara County Fire Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was just thrilling. We were amazed,” said Jennifer Kennedy of Santa Monica, who was driving with her son near Los Angeles International Airport when the skies opened up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We started to see some really huge lightning strikes out over the water,” she said. “We wondered if it would affect flight operations at the airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta Air Lines Flight 2432 returned to LAX “out of an abundance of caution” after encountering lightning Tuesday, the airline said. The 110 passengers were put aboard another flight to Seattle, a statement said, noting that airliners are designed to withstand lightning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County authorities were able to lift evacuation orders for an estimated 3,000 residents of communities below hills and mountains scarred by several recent wildfires, including parts of Montecito where a debris flow in January 2018 ravaged neighborhoods and killed more than 20 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EliasonMike/status/1103196090721959936\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Highway Patrol reported numerous incidents of roadway flooding in the mountains northeast of Bakersfield and in areas of the San Joaquin Valley, as well as in the Owens Valley at the foot of the Eastern Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scenic stretch of Highway 1 near the popular tourist area of Big Sur was closed after the road surface broke apart while “several large boulders are perched above the coast route,” state transportation officials said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors in Death Valley National Park were urged to use caution as roads flooded in one of the driest spots in the country. In a typical March, the Furnace Creek rain gauge in Death Valley records about 0.3 inches of rainfall. In a 24-hour period between Tuesday and Wednesday, the same gauge measured 0.84 inches, the weather service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With just two weeks left in the season, California is flush with water and a vital snowpack that’s significantly above normal, and drought and abnormal dryness have been pushed to the fringes of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One inch of rain fell in downtown Los Angeles as of 2 p.m. Wednesday, breaking the previous record for the date of .88 inches set in 1884, the weather service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With showers still occurring and more rain in the near- and long-term forecasts, downtown LA was nearing 18 inches so far this season. That’s more than 6 inches above normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snow continued to fall in the Sierra Nevada, where winter storm warnings were to remain in effect for high elevations until early Thursday. The Mammoth Mountain ski resort reported more than 51 feet of snow on its summit so far this season.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Another very wet storm rolled into Southern California with spectacular lightning, thunderclaps and downpours, but evacuations were canceled Wednesday as significant debris and mud flows did not materialize.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous traffic accidents, localized street flooding and canyon rock falls snarled Los Angeles area traffic, but conditions were diminishing to showers as the system moved east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm was the latest atmospheric river to flow into the state this winter. The National Weather Service reported “copious” lightning strikes as the long plume of Pacific moisture approached the coast late Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sky over Southern California was streaked with bolts as thunder boomed and rattled the region. The weather service said it was “one of the more electrically active systems” seen all winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1938868\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-800x569.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-768x546.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsUwAAeCl2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938863\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938863\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-800x547.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-768x525.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0-1020x697.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/D08j5JsV4AAGOl0.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lightning strikes in the skies above Santa Barbara, CA, March 5, 2019. \u003ccite>(Mike Eliason/Santa Barbara County Fire Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was just thrilling. We were amazed,” said Jennifer Kennedy of Santa Monica, who was driving with her son near Los Angeles International Airport when the skies opened up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We started to see some really huge lightning strikes out over the water,” she said. “We wondered if it would affect flight operations at the airport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta Air Lines Flight 2432 returned to LAX “out of an abundance of caution” after encountering lightning Tuesday, the airline said. The 110 passengers were put aboard another flight to Seattle, a statement said, noting that airliners are designed to withstand lightning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County authorities were able to lift evacuation orders for an estimated 3,000 residents of communities below hills and mountains scarred by several recent wildfires, including parts of Montecito where a debris flow in January 2018 ravaged neighborhoods and killed more than 20 people.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The California Highway Patrol reported numerous incidents of roadway flooding in the mountains northeast of Bakersfield and in areas of the San Joaquin Valley, as well as in the Owens Valley at the foot of the Eastern Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scenic stretch of Highway 1 near the popular tourist area of Big Sur was closed after the road surface broke apart while “several large boulders are perched above the coast route,” state transportation officials said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors in Death Valley National Park were urged to use caution as roads flooded in one of the driest spots in the country. In a typical March, the Furnace Creek rain gauge in Death Valley records about 0.3 inches of rainfall. In a 24-hour period between Tuesday and Wednesday, the same gauge measured 0.84 inches, the weather service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With just two weeks left in the season, California is flush with water and a vital snowpack that’s significantly above normal, and drought and abnormal dryness have been pushed to the fringes of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One inch of rain fell in downtown Los Angeles as of 2 p.m. Wednesday, breaking the previous record for the date of .88 inches set in 1884, the weather service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With showers still occurring and more rain in the near- and long-term forecasts, downtown LA was nearing 18 inches so far this season. That’s more than 6 inches above normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snow continued to fall in the Sierra Nevada, where winter storm warnings were to remain in effect for high elevations until early Thursday. The Mammoth Mountain ski resort reported more than 51 feet of snow on its summit so far this season.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Some Kids Are Just More Sensitive, and Here's the Science to Show It",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Thomas Boyce, an emeritus professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco, has treated children who seem to be completely unflappable and unfazed by their surroundings — as well as those who are extremely sensitive to their environments. Over the years, he began to liken these two types of children to two very different flowers: dandelions and orchids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly speaking, says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/tom.boyce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boyce\u003c/a> — who also has spent nearly 40 years studying the human stress response, especially in children — most kids tend to be like dandelions, fairly resilient and able to cope with stress and adversity in their lives. But a minority of kids, those he calls “orchid children,” are more sensitive and biologically reactive to their circumstances, which makes it harder for them to deal with stressful situations.[contextly_sidebar id=”IvCr36i4S1EYhLjR3xMTzjOHrdmBka5u”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the flower, Boyce says, “the orchid child is the child who shows great sensitivity and susceptibility to both bad and good environments in which he or she finds herself or himself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given supportive, nurturing conditions, orchid children can thrive — especially, Boyce says, if they have the comfort of a regular routine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Orchid children seem to thrive on having things like dinner every night in the same place at the same time with the same people, having certain kinds of rituals that the family goes through week to week, month to month,” he says. “This kind of routine and sameness of life from day to day, week to week, seems to be something that is helpful to kids with these great susceptibilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyce’s new book is \u003cem>The Orchid and the Dandelion: Why Some Children Struggle and How All Can Thri\u003c/em>ve\u003cem>. \u003c/em>He appeared this week on \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/2019/03/04/699939149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fresh Air\u003c/a> with host Dave Davies to discuss it.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the lab test he did to determine if a child is an orchid or a dandelion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We made an effort to try to understand these individual differences between children in how they respond biologically to mild, common kinds of challenges and stressors, and the way we did that was we brought them into a laboratory setting. We sat them down in front of an examiner — a research assistant that they had not previously met — and we asked them to go through a series of mildly challenging tasks. These were things like recounting a series of digits that the examiner asked them to say and increasing that from first three to four to five digits; having them just engage in a conversation with this examiner, who might ask them about their birthday or presents or something about their family. That, in itself, is a challenge for a young child. Putting a drop of lemon juice on the tongue was another kind of challenge that was evocative of these changes in biological response. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We measured their stress response using the two primary stress response systems in the human brain. [One was] the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/cortisol/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cortisol system\u003c/a>, which is centered in the hypothalamus of the brain. This is the system that releases the stress hormone cortisol, which has profound effects on both immune function and cardiovascular functioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then the second stress response system is the \u003ca href=\"https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/auto.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">autonomic nervous system\u003c/a>, or the “fight-or-flight” system. This is the one that is responsible for the sweaty palms and a little bit of tremulousness, the dilation of the pupils, all of these things that we associate with the fight-or-flight response. So we were monitoring responsivity and both of those systems as the children went through these mildly challenging tasks. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that there were huge differences [among] children. There were some children at the high end of the spectrum, who had dramatic reactivity in both the cortisol system and the fight-or-flight system, and there were other children who had almost no biological response to the challenges that we presented to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how a child’s responsivity to stressors can be connected to physical and emotional behavioral outcomes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We find in our research that the same kinds of patterns of response are found for both physical illnesses, like severe respiratory disease, pneumonia, asthma and so on, as well as or more [in] emotional behavioral outcomes, like anxiety and depression and externalizing kinds of symptoms. So we believe that the same patterns of susceptibility that we find in the orchid child versus the dandelion child work themselves out not only for physical ailments but also for psychosocial and emotional problems. And we believe that the same kinds of underlying biological processes work for both. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do know, for example, that these two stress response systems … the cortisol system and the fight-or-flight system, the autonomic nervous system, both of those have powerful effects on the immune system, so they can alter the child’s ability to build an immune defense against viruses and bacteria that he or she may be exposed to. And they have also powerful effects on the cardiovascular system, so [they] could eventually, in adult life, predispose to developing hypertension, high blood pressure or other kinds of cardiovascular risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how children’s experiences can vary, even within the same family\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of children within a given family, the siblings within a family — although they are being reared with the same parents in the same house in the same neighborhood — they actually have quite different kinds of experiences that depend upon the birth order of the child, the gender of the child, to some extent differences in genetic sequence. It is a way of talking about these dramatic differences that kids from different birth orders and different genders have within a given family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On pushing orchid kids to stretch to do new or difficult things\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that this is probably the most difficult parenting task in raising an orchid child. The parent of an orchid child needs to walk this very fine line between, on the one hand, not pushing them into circumstances that are really going to overwhelm them and make them greatly fearful, but, on the other hand, not protecting them so much that they don’t have experiences of mastery of these kinds of fearful situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sam Briger and Seth Kelley produced and edited the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/03/04/699979387/is-your-child-an-orchid-or-a-dandelion-unlocking-the-science-of-sensitive-kids\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">audio version\u003c/a> of this interview, which aired on Fresh Air. Bridget Bentz and Molly Seavy-Nesper adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Thomas Boyce, an emeritus professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco, has treated children who seem to be completely unflappable and unfazed by their surroundings — as well as those who are extremely sensitive to their environments. Over the years, he began to liken these two types of children to two very different flowers: dandelions and orchids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly speaking, says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/tom.boyce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boyce\u003c/a> — who also has spent nearly 40 years studying the human stress response, especially in children — most kids tend to be like dandelions, fairly resilient and able to cope with stress and adversity in their lives. But a minority of kids, those he calls “orchid children,” are more sensitive and biologically reactive to their circumstances, which makes it harder for them to deal with stressful situations.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the flower, Boyce says, “the orchid child is the child who shows great sensitivity and susceptibility to both bad and good environments in which he or she finds herself or himself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given supportive, nurturing conditions, orchid children can thrive — especially, Boyce says, if they have the comfort of a regular routine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Orchid children seem to thrive on having things like dinner every night in the same place at the same time with the same people, having certain kinds of rituals that the family goes through week to week, month to month,” he says. “This kind of routine and sameness of life from day to day, week to week, seems to be something that is helpful to kids with these great susceptibilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyce’s new book is \u003cem>The Orchid and the Dandelion: Why Some Children Struggle and How All Can Thri\u003c/em>ve\u003cem>. \u003c/em>He appeared this week on \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/2019/03/04/699939149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fresh Air\u003c/a> with host Dave Davies to discuss it.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the lab test he did to determine if a child is an orchid or a dandelion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We made an effort to try to understand these individual differences between children in how they respond biologically to mild, common kinds of challenges and stressors, and the way we did that was we brought them into a laboratory setting. We sat them down in front of an examiner — a research assistant that they had not previously met — and we asked them to go through a series of mildly challenging tasks. These were things like recounting a series of digits that the examiner asked them to say and increasing that from first three to four to five digits; having them just engage in a conversation with this examiner, who might ask them about their birthday or presents or something about their family. That, in itself, is a challenge for a young child. Putting a drop of lemon juice on the tongue was another kind of challenge that was evocative of these changes in biological response. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We measured their stress response using the two primary stress response systems in the human brain. [One was] the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/cortisol/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cortisol system\u003c/a>, which is centered in the hypothalamus of the brain. This is the system that releases the stress hormone cortisol, which has profound effects on both immune function and cardiovascular functioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then the second stress response system is the \u003ca href=\"https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/auto.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">autonomic nervous system\u003c/a>, or the “fight-or-flight” system. This is the one that is responsible for the sweaty palms and a little bit of tremulousness, the dilation of the pupils, all of these things that we associate with the fight-or-flight response. So we were monitoring responsivity and both of those systems as the children went through these mildly challenging tasks. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that there were huge differences [among] children. There were some children at the high end of the spectrum, who had dramatic reactivity in both the cortisol system and the fight-or-flight system, and there were other children who had almost no biological response to the challenges that we presented to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how a child’s responsivity to stressors can be connected to physical and emotional behavioral outcomes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We find in our research that the same kinds of patterns of response are found for both physical illnesses, like severe respiratory disease, pneumonia, asthma and so on, as well as or more [in] emotional behavioral outcomes, like anxiety and depression and externalizing kinds of symptoms. So we believe that the same patterns of susceptibility that we find in the orchid child versus the dandelion child work themselves out not only for physical ailments but also for psychosocial and emotional problems. And we believe that the same kinds of underlying biological processes work for both. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do know, for example, that these two stress response systems … the cortisol system and the fight-or-flight system, the autonomic nervous system, both of those have powerful effects on the immune system, so they can alter the child’s ability to build an immune defense against viruses and bacteria that he or she may be exposed to. And they have also powerful effects on the cardiovascular system, so [they] could eventually, in adult life, predispose to developing hypertension, high blood pressure or other kinds of cardiovascular risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how children’s experiences can vary, even within the same family\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of children within a given family, the siblings within a family — although they are being reared with the same parents in the same house in the same neighborhood — they actually have quite different kinds of experiences that depend upon the birth order of the child, the gender of the child, to some extent differences in genetic sequence. It is a way of talking about these dramatic differences that kids from different birth orders and different genders have within a given family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On pushing orchid kids to stretch to do new or difficult things\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that this is probably the most difficult parenting task in raising an orchid child. The parent of an orchid child needs to walk this very fine line between, on the one hand, not pushing them into circumstances that are really going to overwhelm them and make them greatly fearful, but, on the other hand, not protecting them so much that they don’t have experiences of mastery of these kinds of fearful situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sam Briger and Seth Kelley produced and edited the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/03/04/699979387/is-your-child-an-orchid-or-a-dandelion-unlocking-the-science-of-sensitive-kids\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">audio version\u003c/a> of this interview, which aired on Fresh Air. Bridget Bentz and Molly Seavy-Nesper adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trump's California Water Order Rushes Science and Cuts Out Public, Emails Show",
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"headTitle": "Trump’s California Water Order Rushes Science and Cuts Out Public, Emails Show | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump Administration has ordered federal biologists to speed up critical decisions about whether to send more water from Northern California to farmers in the Central Valley, a move that critics say threatens the integrity of the science and cuts the public out of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decisions will control irrigation for millions of acres of farmland in the country’s biggest agricultural economy, drinking water for two-thirds of Californians from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and the fate of endangered salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal biologists will set these rules after completing an intricate scientific analysis, and they are the final word on how much and when water can be pumped out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I think this is a proposal for extinction.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Doug Obegi, Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>An investigation by KQED found that the analysis will be done under unprecedented time pressure, with less transparency, less outside scientific scrutiny, and without, say federal scientists, the resources to do it properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very aggressive schedule,” said a former federal biologist familiar with the matter who did not want to be identified. “And I think it runs the risk of forcing them to make dangerous shortcuts in the scientific analysis that the decisions demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to internal emails obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, federal scientists raised two major concerns: that their agency lacks the staff to undertake the analysis and that the Trump Administration is skewing the rules to boost the water supply for Central Valley farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some see the fingerprints of acting interior secretary David Bernhardt, who once helped lead the charge to increase pumping and weaken environmental standards in the Delta. He was then a lawyer for the Fresno-based Westlands Water District, the largest agricultural water agency in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernhardt is already under scrutiny after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/12/climate/david-bernhardt-endangered-species.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent New York Times story\u003c/a> reported that, shortly after joining the Interior Department in 2017, he directly advocated on Westlands’ behalf to get more water for farmers at the expense of endangered fish, even though federal rules precluded him from lobbying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Campaign Legal Center, a non-profit ethics organization in Washington, D.C., \u003ca href=\"https://campaignlegal.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/2-28-19%20Bernhardt%20CLC%20Complaint%20FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed a complaint\u003c/a> demanding that the Interior Department’s inspector general open an investigation into whether Bernhardt is using his public office to benefit his former client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernhardt now oversees two of the three agencies under orders from the White House to expedite the new rules shaping California’s water future: the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At stake is the future of fish teetering on the edge of existence, a salmon fishing industry in crisis, and the ample supply of water flowing through millions of California faucets and fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trump’s Campaign Promise\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just five years ago, Bernhardt stood before a panel of judges on the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals. He was there arguing on behalf of Westlands Water District, and its 600,000 acres of farmland, that federal environmental rules protecting salmon should be thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as head of the agency that controls decisions affecting his former client, Bernhardt is leading the charge to replace those rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural water districts have long disdained the current rules (called “biological opinions” and written in \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/sfbaydelta/cvp-swp/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2008\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/central_valley/water_operations/ocap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2009\u003c/a>). The rules require state and federal pumps in the Delta to slow down when endangered salmon, smelt and other fish are nearby, in order to protect them. That diminishes the water supply for farmers, leaving them scrambling to fill the gap. When people shout “fish vs. farms,” that’s usually what they’re talking about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During President Trump’s 2016 campaign, he promised Central Valley farmers he would send them more water. As a step toward keeping that promise, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-memorandum-promoting-reliable-supply-delivery-water-west/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">October 2018 memo\u003c/a> ordering the rapid scientific review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from the Delta reaches millions of Californians and millions of acres of farmland. \u003ccite>(Paul Hames / California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s definitely on our mind,” says Erin Curtis, spokeswoman for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. “The president has outlined in his memo that we need to take a new look at how we’re operating these projects in a way that we can maximize water deliveries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a first step, the Bureau, which operates dams and water pumps, released an \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/newsrelease/detail.cfm?RecordID=64503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">871-page proposal\u003c/a> in early February for how it would like the rules to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan, called a “biological assessment,” would provide billions of gallons more water for agricultural and urban water districts, an increase of 10 to 15 percent depending on the year. That would leave less in the Delta for endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are alarmed at the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is a proposal for extinction,” says Doug Obegi, an attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council in San Francisco. “What we decide to do in the Delta really will determine if we drive our native species extinct and threaten thousands of fishing jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not Enough Staff To Do the Job\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to federal law, two federal wildlife agencies, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, must now review the Bureau of Reclamation’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it doesn’t do enough to protect threatened fish, the agencies have the obligation and legal authority to write rules that do. These biological opinions will replace the current ones, although they could be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under President Trump’s decree, federal biologists must write those opinions in 135 days, the minimal amount of time guaranteed under the Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complexity of the issues, the agencies have previously needed more time than that to complete their analysis, from 60 to 80 percent more time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They must look at how water flows across hundreds of miles through different rivers, dams and levees, and then forecast how it would affect the life cycle of half a dozen threatened species. These include endangered Chinook salmon and threatened steelhead and green sturgeon, as well as endangered killer whales in the Pacific Ocean, which depend on salmon for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How often does the interior secretary write a memo forcing that an opinion happens in 135 days?” says Cay Goude, former assistant field supervisor for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service office in Sacramento. “It’s never happened to my knowledge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goude worked on a previous biological opinion for the agency, on the Delta smelt, before retiring. “You don’t want to rush anything and do a poor job,” she said, “because it’s very important to have the scientific facts accurate and appropriate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before Trump tightened the timeline, one of the agencies, NOAA Fisheries, warned that it did not have the resources to do the analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938778\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938778\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-800x314.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-800x314.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-160x63.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-768x302.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-1020x401.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-1200x471.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3.jpg 1576w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Excerpt from an internal NOAA email.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In July 2018, Maria Rea, the assistant regional administrator in the California Central Valley Office of NOAA, described the agency’s dilemma in an email to her internal staff. She said it took 30 part-time staff and 10 full-time staff to complete the previous biological opinion in 2009, which took 246 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not have resources to undertake this consultation,” Rea wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA is working to reassign staff, currently on other projects, to at least achieve similar staffing levels, according to agency staff who spoke on the condition they not be identified. The federal government shutdown in January slowed that process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eliminating Protections for Fish\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the emails obtained by KQED, federal wildlife scientists also are concerned that the Bureau of Reclamation is pushing to give more water to agriculture at the expense of threatened species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to fellow NOAA Fisheries staff last summer, Water Operations and Delta Consultations Branch Chief Garwin Yip outlined his misgivings about cases where there is scientific debate about what the fish need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absence of definitive science should not be the reason to propose actions more aggressive towards water supply,” Yip wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Yip and Rea declined to comment about their emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bureau of Reclamation has updated its proposal since then, it’s unclear whether those concerns have been addressed. Some say the agency has cherry-picked the science in favor of boosting water for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not science, basically,” says Jon Rosenfield, senior scientist with San Francisco Baykeeper, an environmental group in San Francisco. “It’s an extraordinarily selective read and deliberate misinterpretation of the information that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield points to several of the protections the Bureau of Reclamation is proposing to eliminate, such as rules that guarantee water flows through crucial parts of the estuary when fish are most at risk because they are closer to the pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938783\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938783\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-800x458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-800x458.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-768x440.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-1020x584.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-1200x688.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Trump Administration is rewriting rules governing how water flows through massive pumping plants in the Delta. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The agency says “dynamic rules,” which rely on new technology that monitors where the fish are in the Delta, can do a better job than fixed rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that what we’ve proposed both helps protect listed species as well as provides more water supply flexibility,” says Russ Callejo, assistant regional director for the Mid-Pacific Region of the Bureau of Reclamation in Sacramento. “We think it does both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are skeptical of that claim, saying the Bureau is proposing to dial back water pumping only after the fish are significantly harmed. The wildlife agencies will have to evaluate that during their biological reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where some see the influence of Bernhardt, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/12/climate/david-bernhardt-endangered-species.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who told\u003c/a> The New York Times that he directed a senior official to weaken protections for fish and divert water to farms as part of a broader administration policy to help rural America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Public Review\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internal emails also show the new environmental rules will receive less outside scientific review than ever before, which eliminates public involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peer review, in which independent scientists assess other researchers’ work, is a core practice of science, and previous biological opinions have received that scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the current rules were written in 2008, the draft biological opinion from NOAA Fisheries \u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/events/reviews/review_ocap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">underwent an independent review by a panel of scientists\u003c/a>. The review included a meeting where the public could attend and comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, wildlife agencies say the Trump Administration’s deadline won’t allow for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA Fisheries, which is writing the environmental rules for salmon and other fish, plans to have some independent scientific review, according to agency staff. The draft biological opinion will be sent out to individual scientists, but without public involvement or comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which is writing the environmental rules for delta smelt, says the agency is planning some form of peer review as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We intend to incorporate peer review into the development of our biological opinion,” said Shane Hunt, spokesman for the federal agency’s Bay-Delta Fish & Wildlife Office. “We are still ironing out the details.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Districts Gain Access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as the public is frozen out, water districts will be given unprecedented access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, public water agencies, keen to boost their supply, are invited to be heavily involved in the development of the environmental rules in the biological opinions, which are legally mandated to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Congress passed, and President Obama signed, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/612/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WIIN Act\u003c/a>, giving water contractors the power to “have routine and continuing opportunities to discuss and submit information” to federal agencies developing the biological opinions. The act, pushed by Senator Dianne Feinstein and Central Valley Republicans, was an effort at compromise after years of water battles in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Bureau of Reclamation even finished its proposed plan, water agencies had the chance to submit their take on endangered species protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have adhered to the WIIN Act,” says the Bureau’s Callejo. “We have involved the public water agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands Water District did not respond to questions about its involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies will also receive drafts of the biological opinions from wildlife agencies. Under the law, their comments must be “afforded due consideration” by wildlife biologists. If the comments aren’t adopted, those biologists must explain why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no plans to release the drafts to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always a red flag when you have the regulated entity, the entity that stands to lose something, having control over the regulation process,” says Rosenfield. “We don’t let the tobacco companies determine what level of smoking is safe.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Trump's California Water Order Rushes Science and Cuts Out Public, Emails Show",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump Administration has ordered federal biologists to speed up critical decisions about whether to send more water from Northern California to farmers in the Central Valley, a move that critics say threatens the integrity of the science and cuts the public out of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decisions will control irrigation for millions of acres of farmland in the country’s biggest agricultural economy, drinking water for two-thirds of Californians from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and the fate of endangered salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal biologists will set these rules after completing an intricate scientific analysis, and they are the final word on how much and when water can be pumped out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I think this is a proposal for extinction.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Doug Obegi, Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>An investigation by KQED found that the analysis will be done under unprecedented time pressure, with less transparency, less outside scientific scrutiny, and without, say federal scientists, the resources to do it properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very aggressive schedule,” said a former federal biologist familiar with the matter who did not want to be identified. “And I think it runs the risk of forcing them to make dangerous shortcuts in the scientific analysis that the decisions demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to internal emails obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, federal scientists raised two major concerns: that their agency lacks the staff to undertake the analysis and that the Trump Administration is skewing the rules to boost the water supply for Central Valley farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some see the fingerprints of acting interior secretary David Bernhardt, who once helped lead the charge to increase pumping and weaken environmental standards in the Delta. He was then a lawyer for the Fresno-based Westlands Water District, the largest agricultural water agency in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernhardt is already under scrutiny after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/12/climate/david-bernhardt-endangered-species.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent New York Times story\u003c/a> reported that, shortly after joining the Interior Department in 2017, he directly advocated on Westlands’ behalf to get more water for farmers at the expense of endangered fish, even though federal rules precluded him from lobbying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Campaign Legal Center, a non-profit ethics organization in Washington, D.C., \u003ca href=\"https://campaignlegal.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/2-28-19%20Bernhardt%20CLC%20Complaint%20FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed a complaint\u003c/a> demanding that the Interior Department’s inspector general open an investigation into whether Bernhardt is using his public office to benefit his former client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernhardt now oversees two of the three agencies under orders from the White House to expedite the new rules shaping California’s water future: the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At stake is the future of fish teetering on the edge of existence, a salmon fishing industry in crisis, and the ample supply of water flowing through millions of California faucets and fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trump’s Campaign Promise\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just five years ago, Bernhardt stood before a panel of judges on the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals. He was there arguing on behalf of Westlands Water District, and its 600,000 acres of farmland, that federal environmental rules protecting salmon should be thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as head of the agency that controls decisions affecting his former client, Bernhardt is leading the charge to replace those rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural water districts have long disdained the current rules (called “biological opinions” and written in \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/sfbaydelta/cvp-swp/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2008\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/central_valley/water_operations/ocap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2009\u003c/a>). The rules require state and federal pumps in the Delta to slow down when endangered salmon, smelt and other fish are nearby, in order to protect them. That diminishes the water supply for farmers, leaving them scrambling to fill the gap. When people shout “fish vs. farms,” that’s usually what they’re talking about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During President Trump’s 2016 campaign, he promised Central Valley farmers he would send them more water. As a step toward keeping that promise, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-memorandum-promoting-reliable-supply-delivery-water-west/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">October 2018 memo\u003c/a> ordering the rapid scientific review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/PJH_Intertie-076-web2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from the Delta reaches millions of Californians and millions of acres of farmland. \u003ccite>(Paul Hames / California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s definitely on our mind,” says Erin Curtis, spokeswoman for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. “The president has outlined in his memo that we need to take a new look at how we’re operating these projects in a way that we can maximize water deliveries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a first step, the Bureau, which operates dams and water pumps, released an \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/newsrelease/detail.cfm?RecordID=64503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">871-page proposal\u003c/a> in early February for how it would like the rules to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan, called a “biological assessment,” would provide billions of gallons more water for agricultural and urban water districts, an increase of 10 to 15 percent depending on the year. That would leave less in the Delta for endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are alarmed at the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is a proposal for extinction,” says Doug Obegi, an attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council in San Francisco. “What we decide to do in the Delta really will determine if we drive our native species extinct and threaten thousands of fishing jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not Enough Staff To Do the Job\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to federal law, two federal wildlife agencies, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, must now review the Bureau of Reclamation’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it doesn’t do enough to protect threatened fish, the agencies have the obligation and legal authority to write rules that do. These biological opinions will replace the current ones, although they could be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under President Trump’s decree, federal biologists must write those opinions in 135 days, the minimal amount of time guaranteed under the Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complexity of the issues, the agencies have previously needed more time than that to complete their analysis, from 60 to 80 percent more time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They must look at how water flows across hundreds of miles through different rivers, dams and levees, and then forecast how it would affect the life cycle of half a dozen threatened species. These include endangered Chinook salmon and threatened steelhead and green sturgeon, as well as endangered killer whales in the Pacific Ocean, which depend on salmon for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How often does the interior secretary write a memo forcing that an opinion happens in 135 days?” says Cay Goude, former assistant field supervisor for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service office in Sacramento. “It’s never happened to my knowledge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goude worked on a previous biological opinion for the agency, on the Delta smelt, before retiring. “You don’t want to rush anything and do a poor job,” she said, “because it’s very important to have the scientific facts accurate and appropriate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before Trump tightened the timeline, one of the agencies, NOAA Fisheries, warned that it did not have the resources to do the analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938778\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938778\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-800x314.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-800x314.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-160x63.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-768x302.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-1020x401.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3-1200x471.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/email-3.jpg 1576w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Excerpt from an internal NOAA email.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In July 2018, Maria Rea, the assistant regional administrator in the California Central Valley Office of NOAA, described the agency’s dilemma in an email to her internal staff. She said it took 30 part-time staff and 10 full-time staff to complete the previous biological opinion in 2009, which took 246 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not have resources to undertake this consultation,” Rea wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA is working to reassign staff, currently on other projects, to at least achieve similar staffing levels, according to agency staff who spoke on the condition they not be identified. The federal government shutdown in January slowed that process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eliminating Protections for Fish\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the emails obtained by KQED, federal wildlife scientists also are concerned that the Bureau of Reclamation is pushing to give more water to agriculture at the expense of threatened species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to fellow NOAA Fisheries staff last summer, Water Operations and Delta Consultations Branch Chief Garwin Yip outlined his misgivings about cases where there is scientific debate about what the fish need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absence of definitive science should not be the reason to propose actions more aggressive towards water supply,” Yip wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Yip and Rea declined to comment about their emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bureau of Reclamation has updated its proposal since then, it’s unclear whether those concerns have been addressed. Some say the agency has cherry-picked the science in favor of boosting water for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not science, basically,” says Jon Rosenfield, senior scientist with San Francisco Baykeeper, an environmental group in San Francisco. “It’s an extraordinarily selective read and deliberate misinterpretation of the information that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield points to several of the protections the Bureau of Reclamation is proposing to eliminate, such as rules that guarantee water flows through crucial parts of the estuary when fish are most at risk because they are closer to the pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938783\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938783\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-800x458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-800x458.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-768x440.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-1020x584.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant-1200x688.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/pumpingplant.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Trump Administration is rewriting rules governing how water flows through massive pumping plants in the Delta. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The agency says “dynamic rules,” which rely on new technology that monitors where the fish are in the Delta, can do a better job than fixed rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that what we’ve proposed both helps protect listed species as well as provides more water supply flexibility,” says Russ Callejo, assistant regional director for the Mid-Pacific Region of the Bureau of Reclamation in Sacramento. “We think it does both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are skeptical of that claim, saying the Bureau is proposing to dial back water pumping only after the fish are significantly harmed. The wildlife agencies will have to evaluate that during their biological reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where some see the influence of Bernhardt, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/12/climate/david-bernhardt-endangered-species.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who told\u003c/a> The New York Times that he directed a senior official to weaken protections for fish and divert water to farms as part of a broader administration policy to help rural America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Public Review\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internal emails also show the new environmental rules will receive less outside scientific review than ever before, which eliminates public involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peer review, in which independent scientists assess other researchers’ work, is a core practice of science, and previous biological opinions have received that scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the current rules were written in 2008, the draft biological opinion from NOAA Fisheries \u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/events/reviews/review_ocap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">underwent an independent review by a panel of scientists\u003c/a>. The review included a meeting where the public could attend and comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, wildlife agencies say the Trump Administration’s deadline won’t allow for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA Fisheries, which is writing the environmental rules for salmon and other fish, plans to have some independent scientific review, according to agency staff. The draft biological opinion will be sent out to individual scientists, but without public involvement or comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which is writing the environmental rules for delta smelt, says the agency is planning some form of peer review as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We intend to incorporate peer review into the development of our biological opinion,” said Shane Hunt, spokesman for the federal agency’s Bay-Delta Fish & Wildlife Office. “We are still ironing out the details.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Districts Gain Access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as the public is frozen out, water districts will be given unprecedented access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, public water agencies, keen to boost their supply, are invited to be heavily involved in the development of the environmental rules in the biological opinions, which are legally mandated to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Congress passed, and President Obama signed, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/612/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WIIN Act\u003c/a>, giving water contractors the power to “have routine and continuing opportunities to discuss and submit information” to federal agencies developing the biological opinions. The act, pushed by Senator Dianne Feinstein and Central Valley Republicans, was an effort at compromise after years of water battles in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Bureau of Reclamation even finished its proposed plan, water agencies had the chance to submit their take on endangered species protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have adhered to the WIIN Act,” says the Bureau’s Callejo. “We have involved the public water agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands Water District did not respond to questions about its involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies will also receive drafts of the biological opinions from wildlife agencies. Under the law, their comments must be “afforded due consideration” by wildlife biologists. If the comments aren’t adopted, those biologists must explain why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no plans to release the drafts to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always a red flag when you have the regulated entity, the entity that stands to lose something, having control over the regulation process,” says Rosenfield. “We don’t let the tobacco companies determine what level of smoking is safe.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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