window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"futureofyou_128289": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_128289",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "128289",
"found": true
},
"parent": 128287,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-e1457978277834.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/stent-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1457978265,
"modified": 1457978399,
"caption": "Traditional heart stent.",
"description": null,
"title": "stent",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_126636": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_126636",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "126636",
"found": true
},
"parent": 126635,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-400x256.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 256
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-960x614.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 614
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1279
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-1180x755.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 755
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-800x512.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-1920x1228.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1228
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-1180x755.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 755
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-768x491.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 491
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikatesting2_enl-d023e90acb0d13716de2ca605d3060b4a2cfd5c5-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1457728923,
"modified": 1457728923,
"caption": null,
"description": "A medical researcher prepares tests for various diseases including Zika",
"title": "A medical researcher prepares tests for various diseases including Zika.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_126578": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_126578",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "126578",
"found": true
},
"parent": 126530,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-400x300.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 300
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1439
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-1180x884.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 884
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-1920x1439.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1439
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-1180x884.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 884
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/reagan-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1457720823,
"modified": 1457720849,
"caption": "Actor Ronald Reagan and his wife, Nancy, gaze at one another across a table in 1952. ",
"description": null,
"title": "nancy-reagan-obit-0011",
"credit": "Hulton Archive/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_126160": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_126160",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "126160",
"found": true
},
"parent": 125049,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-e1457657635774.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/iStock_000085938859_Double-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1457657621,
"modified": 1457657652,
"caption": "health data",
"description": null,
"title": "health data",
"credit": "Image from iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_125024": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_125024",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "125024",
"found": true
},
"parent": 125023,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1457477866,
"modified": 1457477873,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "RS18703_iStock_000061989168_Full-qut",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_125439": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_125439",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "125439",
"found": true
},
"parent": 125438,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-400x252.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 252
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-960x606.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 606
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d.jpg",
"width": 1780,
"height": 1123
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-1180x744.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 744
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-800x505.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 505
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-1180x744.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 744
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-768x485.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 485
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikaresearch_enl-97206d5165cb52713ff18eb8f41a02b76845ca9d-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1457546349,
"modified": 1458334540,
"caption": "Workers at a University of Wisconsin lab trying to figure out how Zika virus could be damaging fetuses.",
"description": "Mariel Mohns and Mustafa Rasheed are working in a University of Wisconsin lab that's trying to figure out how Zika virus could be damaging fetuses.",
"title": "Mariel Mohns and Mustafa Rasheed are working in a University of Wisconsin lab that's trying to figure out how Zika virus could be damaging fetuses.",
"credit": "Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_550867": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_550867",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "550867",
"found": true
},
"parent": 518349,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-1038x576.jpeg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-400x225.jpeg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-960x540.jpeg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-672x372.jpeg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920.jpeg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-1440x810.jpeg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 810
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-96x96.jpeg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-800x450.jpeg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-64x64.jpeg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-32x32.jpeg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-1920x1080.jpeg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-1180x664.jpeg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-75x75.jpeg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-768x432.jpeg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920-128x128.jpeg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1456531287,
"modified": 1456531287,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DL305-scorpion-YT-thumbnail-phead1920",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_124355": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_124355",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "124355",
"found": true
},
"parent": 124329,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect.jpg",
"width": 1838,
"height": 1226
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/zikainsect-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1457371610,
"modified": 1470675920,
"caption": "An Aedes Aegypti mosquito, which carries the Zika virus, is photographed on human skin in a lab of the International Training and Medical Research Training Center (CIDEIM) on Jan. 25, 2016, in Cali, Colombia.",
"description": null,
"title": "COLOMBIA-SCIENCE-HEALTH-ZIKA-VIRUS",
"credit": "Luis Robayo/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_558723": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_558723",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "558723",
"found": true
},
"parent": 558722,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/558722-thumb-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/558722-thumb.jpg",
"width": 400,
"height": 267
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/558722-thumb-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/558722-thumb-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/558722-thumb-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/558722-thumb-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/558722-thumb-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1456958832,
"modified": 1457056058,
"caption": "An Aedes Aegypti mosquito is photographed on human skin in a lab of the International Training and Medical Research Training Center (CIDEIM) on January 25, 2016, in Cali, Colombia.",
"description": "An Aedes Aegypti mosquito is photographed on human skin in a lab of the International Training and Medical Research Training Center (CIDEIM) on January 25, 2016, in Cali, Colombia. CIDEIM scientists are studying the genetics and biology of Aedes Aegypti mosquito which transmits the Zika, Chikungunya, Dengue and Yellow Fever viruses, to control their reproduction and resistance to insecticides. The Zika virus, a mosquito-borne disease suspected of causing serious birth defects, is expected to spread to all countries in the Americas except Canada and Chile, the World Health Organization said. AFP PHOTO/LUIS ROBAYO / AFP / LUIS ROBAYO (Photo credit should read LUIS ROBAYO/AFP/Getty Images)",
"title": "Thumbnail for 558722",
"credit": "LUIS ROBAYO/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_122208": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_122208",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "122208",
"found": true
},
"parent": 122207,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1125
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/brain-hack_wide-6be35b7f2cb34665c2efd5143847d1ef35f2411a-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1457025137,
"modified": 1457025137,
"caption": null,
"description": "Gary Waters/Getty Images/Ikon Images",
"title": "Gary Waters/Getty Images/Ikon Images",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_341963": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_341963",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "341963",
"found": true
},
"parent": 341847,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-520x348.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 348
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-960x643.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 643
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-375x251.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 251
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5.jpg",
"width": 1800,
"height": 1206
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-1020x683.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 683
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-1180x791.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 791
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-800x536.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 536
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-1180x791.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 791
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-768x515.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 515
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Jennifer-Doudna5-240x161.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 161
}
},
"publishDate": 1487798806,
"modified": 1550272514,
"caption": "Jennifer Doudna, UC Berkeley professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology who co-invented CRISPR, a groundbreaking gene-editing technology. ",
"description": "Jennifer Doudna, UC Berkeley professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology who co-invented CRISPR, a groundbreaking gene-editing technology. ",
"title": "Doudna, Jennifer",
"credit": "Keegan Houser/UC Berkeley",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_155877": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_155877",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "155877",
"found": true
},
"parent": 155876,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226.jpg",
"width": 1838,
"height": 1226
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-1440x961.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 961
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"jmtc-small-thumb": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-280x150.jpg",
"width": 280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/03/GettyImages-506748226-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1456958246,
"modified": 1468019119,
"caption": "An Aedes Aegypti mosquito is photographed on human skin in a lab of the International Training and Medical Research Training Center in Cali, Colombia, in January.",
"description": null,
"title": "COLOMBIA-SCIENCE-HEALTH-ZIKA-VIRUS",
"credit": "Luis Robayo/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_futureofyou_128287": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_128287",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_128287",
"name": "Matthew Perrone\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_126635": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_126635",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_126635",
"name": "Rae Ellen Bichell",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_125438": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_125438",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_125438",
"name": "Nell Greenfieldboyce\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_122207": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_122207",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_122207",
"name": "Angus Chen\u003cbr/>NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_121640": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_121640",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_121640",
"name": "Lisa Marie Potter and Jon Brooks",
"isLoading": false
},
"jbrooks": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "80",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jon Brooks",
"firstName": "Jon",
"lastName": "Brooks",
"slug": "jbrooks",
"email": "jbrooks@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Digital Editor",
"bio": "Jon Brooks is a former Digital Editor for KQED Science. He is the former editor of KQED’s daily news blog, News Fix. In 2014, he won a California Journalism Award for his coverage of ride services like Uber and Lyft and the taxi industry. A veteran blogger, he previously worked for Yahoo! in various news writing and editing roles. Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "jbrooksfoy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"Contributor",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "mindshift",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jon Brooks | KQED",
"description": "Digital Editor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jbrooks"
},
"katsnow": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "235",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "235",
"found": true
},
"name": "Katrin Snow",
"firstName": "Katrin",
"lastName": "Snow",
"slug": "katsnow",
"email": "ksnow@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Senior Editor",
"bio": "Kat started in radio in 1985 at KMUN in Astoria, Oregon, where the Columbia River meets the sea. She worked several years protecting monarch butterfly habitat in California with the Xerces Society, an invertebrate conservation organization, before a love for radio news drew her back into journalism. Kat came to KQED in 2002, and before that was a reporter and news director at KUER in Salt Lake City, covering the state legislature, the environment and health. Kat coaches reporters and others in embodied narration and public speaking. She is a certified teacher of Soul Motion®, a conscious dance practice, and can sometimes be found in the Mojave desert or the Eastern Sierra.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6bf8a74a2692973a5484e64ebd2b52?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "cosmologicalkat",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Katrin Snow | KQED",
"description": "Senior Editor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6bf8a74a2692973a5484e64ebd2b52?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa6bf8a74a2692973a5484e64ebd2b52?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/katsnow"
},
"lisaaliferis": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "240",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "240",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lisa Aliferis",
"firstName": "Lisa",
"lastName": "Aliferis",
"slug": "lisaaliferis",
"email": "laliferis@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lisa Aliferis is the founding editor of KQED's \u003cem>State of Health\u003c/em> blog. Since 2011, she's been writing and editing stories for the site. Before taking up blogging, she toiled for many years (more than we can count) producing health stories for television, including\u003cem> Dateline NBC\u003c/em> and San Francisco's CBS affiliate, KPIX-TV. She also wrote up a \u003ca title=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/health/obamacare/obamacare-guide.jsp\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/health/obamacare/obamacare-guide.jsp\">handy guide to the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a>, especially for Californians. Her work has been honored for many awards. Most recently she was a finalist for \"Best Topical Reporting\" from the Online News Association. You can follow her on Twitter: \u003ca title=\"https://twitter.com/laliferis\" href=\"https://twitter.com/laliferis\">@laliferis\u003c/a>",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86c339d5cdcb0dcd2b6cf5d7c3f5886b?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "laliferis",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lisa Aliferis | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86c339d5cdcb0dcd2b6cf5d7c3f5886b?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86c339d5cdcb0dcd2b6cf5d7c3f5886b?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lisaaliferis"
},
"joshua-cassidy": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6219",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6219",
"found": true
},
"name": "Josh Cassidy",
"firstName": "Josh",
"lastName": "Cassidy",
"slug": "joshua-cassidy",
"email": "jcassidy@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Digital Video Producer",
"bio": "Josh is a Senior Video Producer for KQED Science, and the Lead Producer and Cinematographer for Deep Look. After receiving his BS in Wildlife Biology from Ohio University, he went on to participate in marine mammal research for NOAA, USGS and the Intersea Foundation. He also served as the president of The Pacific Cetacean Group, a nonprofit organization dedicated to teaching students K-6 about whales. Josh studied science and natural history filmmaking at San Francisco State University and Montana State University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"author",
"edit_others_posts"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Josh Cassidy | KQED",
"description": "Digital Video Producer",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/joshua-cassidy"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_health": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"score": 10.886522
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Health",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 64
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=health",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 64
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"futureofyou_128287": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_128287",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "128287",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457978409000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 54
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1457978409,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "FDA Considers First-Ever Disappearing Heart Stent",
"title": "FDA Considers First-Ever Disappearing Heart Stent",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>A disappearing medical implant will get a closer look from the Food and Drug Administration this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA meets on Tuesday to review Abbott Laboratories' first-of-a-kind heart stent that dissolves into the body after helping to clear fat-clogged arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott has asked the agency to approve its Absorb stent as an alternative to permanent, metal implants that have long been used to treat narrowing arteries that can lead to heart attack and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But regulators have questions about the safety and effectiveness of the experimental device. In a review posted late last week, FDA scientists noted that rates of cardiovascular complications were actually slightly higher with Absorb than with older stents tested in a company study. Additionally, complications were more likely to occur when Absorb was implanted into smaller arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency will ask a panel of outside advisers to discuss the data and whether the device should be approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A positive opinion from the panel, while not binding, would bring Absorb one step closer to the U.S. market, where some 850,000 patients receive heart stents each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stents are tiny, mesh-wire tubes that prop open arteries after they have been cleared of fatty plaque. They have grown into one of the most widely used medical implants ever, but sales have been tempered by rare, risky complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers first added drug-coatings to the devices in 2003 to prevent arteries from becoming reclogged after implantation. But subsequent studies showed that stented arteries could still develop blood clots, potentially triggering heart attack and death. To address that risk, Abbott and other device makers began developing dissolving stents that would slowly melt back into the body like stitches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Absorb stent, already sold in Europe, is made of a degradable material that's designed to stay intact and release medicine for a year, then break down over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the company study submitted to FDA, patients who got Absorb fared as well as those receiving Abbott's older metal stent, Xience. However, FDA reviewers noted that the rate of complications was actually slightly higher with Absorb — 7.8 percent of patients, versus 6.1 percent of patients with Xience. While that difference was not statistically significant, the FDA will ask advisers if it has implications for Absorb's safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, FDA reviewers noted that complications appeared to increase when Absorb was placed in smaller blood vessels. That's led Abbott to propose a warning to cardiologists not to use the device in vessels under a certain size, cautioning an increased risk of heart attack and clotting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA will ask its experts whether that warning is adequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott followed patients for a year and measured a cluster of negative outcomes, including heart attack, repeat procedures to clear the artery and heart-related deaths. All patients in the study also received anti-clotting medications to prevent blood clots, standard medical practice for those receiving stents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite negative questions from the FDA, Wells Fargo analyst Lawrence Biegelsen says federal approval is likely. But he doesn't expect Absorb to be a major seller, \"given its shortcomings — difficult to use, numerically worse outcomes versus Xience, higher rates of stent thrombosis.\" He estimates the device will capture just 5 percent of the U.S. market for stents, according to a research note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Chicago-based Abbott competes against industry rivals Boston Scientific Corp., Medtronic Inc. and St. Jude Medical Inc. Abbott Laboratories shares slipped 29 cents to $40.08 in morning trading Monday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "128287 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=128287",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/14/fda-considers-first-ever-disappearing-heart-stent/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 592,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1476934686,
"excerpt": "Abbott has asked the agency to approve its Absorb stent as an alternative to permanent implants.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Abbott has asked the agency to approve its Absorb stent as an alternative to permanent implants.",
"title": "FDA Considers First-Ever Disappearing Heart Stent | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "FDA Considers First-Ever Disappearing Heart Stent",
"datePublished": "2016-03-14T11:00:09-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-10-19T20:38:06-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "fda-considers-first-ever-disappearing-heart-stent",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Matthew Perrone\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"path": "/futureofyou/128287/fda-considers-first-ever-disappearing-heart-stent",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A disappearing medical implant will get a closer look from the Food and Drug Administration this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA meets on Tuesday to review Abbott Laboratories' first-of-a-kind heart stent that dissolves into the body after helping to clear fat-clogged arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott has asked the agency to approve its Absorb stent as an alternative to permanent, metal implants that have long been used to treat narrowing arteries that can lead to heart attack and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But regulators have questions about the safety and effectiveness of the experimental device. In a review posted late last week, FDA scientists noted that rates of cardiovascular complications were actually slightly higher with Absorb than with older stents tested in a company study. Additionally, complications were more likely to occur when Absorb was implanted into smaller arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency will ask a panel of outside advisers to discuss the data and whether the device should be approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A positive opinion from the panel, while not binding, would bring Absorb one step closer to the U.S. market, where some 850,000 patients receive heart stents each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stents are tiny, mesh-wire tubes that prop open arteries after they have been cleared of fatty plaque. They have grown into one of the most widely used medical implants ever, but sales have been tempered by rare, risky complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers first added drug-coatings to the devices in 2003 to prevent arteries from becoming reclogged after implantation. But subsequent studies showed that stented arteries could still develop blood clots, potentially triggering heart attack and death. To address that risk, Abbott and other device makers began developing dissolving stents that would slowly melt back into the body like stitches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Absorb stent, already sold in Europe, is made of a degradable material that's designed to stay intact and release medicine for a year, then break down over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the company study submitted to FDA, patients who got Absorb fared as well as those receiving Abbott's older metal stent, Xience. However, FDA reviewers noted that the rate of complications was actually slightly higher with Absorb — 7.8 percent of patients, versus 6.1 percent of patients with Xience. While that difference was not statistically significant, the FDA will ask advisers if it has implications for Absorb's safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, FDA reviewers noted that complications appeared to increase when Absorb was placed in smaller blood vessels. That's led Abbott to propose a warning to cardiologists not to use the device in vessels under a certain size, cautioning an increased risk of heart attack and clotting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA will ask its experts whether that warning is adequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott followed patients for a year and measured a cluster of negative outcomes, including heart attack, repeat procedures to clear the artery and heart-related deaths. All patients in the study also received anti-clotting medications to prevent blood clots, standard medical practice for those receiving stents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite negative questions from the FDA, Wells Fargo analyst Lawrence Biegelsen says federal approval is likely. But he doesn't expect Absorb to be a major seller, \"given its shortcomings — difficult to use, numerically worse outcomes versus Xience, higher rates of stent thrombosis.\" He estimates the device will capture just 5 percent of the U.S. market for stents, according to a research note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Chicago-based Abbott competes against industry rivals Boston Scientific Corp., Medtronic Inc. and St. Jude Medical Inc. Abbott Laboratories shares slipped 29 cents to $40.08 in morning trading Monday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/128287/fda-considers-first-ever-disappearing-heart-stent",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_128287"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_38",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_804"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_128289",
"label": "futureofyou_54"
},
"futureofyou_126635": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_126635",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "126635",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457730464000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 54
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1457730464,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Zika Tests Have Different Drawbacks -- Including False Positives",
"title": "Zika Tests Have Different Drawbacks -- Including False Positives",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Let's say you're a pregnant woman who recently traveled to Latin America or the Caribbean. You got a little sick shortly after the trip, with some combination of mild fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. The big question now is: Did you have Zika virus? And, if so, is your fetus still healthy?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One test has a particularly nasty drawback: It sometimes tells people they have the Zika virus when they don't.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Probably every day, patients come in questioning whether or not they would qualify for testing,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.umiamihospital.com/doctors/profile/137788\">Dr. Christine Curry\u003c/a>, an obstetrician-gynecologist at the University of Miami, and Jackson Memorial Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/04/469179452/study-finds-multiple-problems-in-fetuses-exposed-to-zika-virus\">preliminary study\u003c/a> in Brazil makes a strong case for the link between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and a number of birth defects, including microcephaly. The infection has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6508e1.htm\">associated\u003c/a> with a range of outcomes in another study of nine U.S. women who caught the virus while traveling to regions where Zika is prevalent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a patient has a particular \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/qa-pregnant-women.html\">travel history\u003c/a>, Curry sends a sample of the woman's blood to a lab for analysis. But it can take awhile for test results to come back, Curry says, and the waiting can be really stressful, especially for patients in the middle of a pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're trying to decide what to do with the pregnancy, given so many unknowns,\" she says. \"The difference between two and four weeks can be the difference between being able to end a pregnancy and not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's another problem: Some tests aren't very reliable, so patients sometimes have to go through \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html\">multiple rounds\u003c/a> to confirm whether they had Zika. That puts Curry in a tricky situation when she's counseling patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It involves saying 'I don't know' and 'no one knows' over and over again,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, most samples of fluids from patients had to be sent to Atlanta for testing by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Now, about 30 local \u003ca href=\"http://dfs.dc.gov/page/public-health-laboratory-division-phl\">public health labs\u003c/a> are gearing up to do the analysis themselves, including the District of Columbia's department of forensic sciences, where Cleveland Weeden works as a medical technologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most days, Weeden says, he feels like an athlete stuck on the bench. Outbreaks are exciting, in a way, because he finally gets to put his expertise and skills to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're the bench,\" Weeden says. \"We get called into action when something goes on in the city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A refrigerator behind Weeden holds plastic baggies with tubes of blood and urine from patients in the area. As of this week, his job is to test all these samples for Zika virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeden expects to get the results to patients within three days, rather than four weeks. He's running a procedure called \u003ca href=\"http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/seminar/2002/method/lowry/rtpcr.htm\">RT-PCR\u003c/a> – or Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The CDC has produced about 375,000 kits that can perform this test. It looks for pieces of the virus' genetic material and answers \"yes\" or \"no\" to the question: \"Is there virus in this person's blood?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeden says the test is pretty straightforward — except for one thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From the time the person is bitten [by an infected mosquito] to the time they get to the doctor, no more than five to seven days can pass for us to [be able to] pick it up on PCR,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that if PCR is to work, doctors have to collect patients' blood within a week of the first signs of a fever and rash. The virus hangs around a little longer in urine, so doctors would have a slightly longer window of time — about two weeks — to collect those samples. But there's an extra complication, Curry says: Most patients don't rush to the doctor when their illness is mild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone had virus in their blood three weeks ago and they're now cleared, the PCR's not going to tell you that,\" she says. In that case, a negative result could mean either that the person never had Zika, or that their body had already cleared it from their system by the time they got tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why labs like Weeden's are trying to get hold of another kind of test that the CDC developed, which goes by yet another bulky acronym — the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/state-labs/\">Zika MAC-ELISA\u003c/a>. This test looks for a protein in a person's blood — a specific type of antibody — that shows what foreign things the body has fought off recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Zika MAC-ELISA is widely seen as the best test available, right now, because it works over a longer time span than the first option. It's also faster and cheaper than another more definitive test, and requires less specialized training to perform. According to the CDC, Zika antibodies appear in the blood \"starting 4 to 5 days after the start of illness and last for up to 12 weeks,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/zika-mac-elisa-fact-sheet-for-patients.pdf\">or even longer\u003c/a> in some people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has produced about 100,000 of these test kits, and is offering them free to \u003ca href=\"http://emergency.cdc.gov/lrn/\">qualified labs\u003c/a>. But there's one drawback: The test sometimes tells people they had Zika when they didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ideal test, all agree, would be specific to this particular virus and give a faster turnaround time — eliminating the need for the manpower, money and time required to go through the current layers of testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just pregnant women who would benefit from a better test — so would patients who need blood transfusions in places like Puerto Rico, where health officials have been worried that patients might accidentally get Zika during transfusions with infected blood. So the officials have stopped accepting local donations and, instead, are now getting blood \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2016/03/07/hhs-ships-blood-products-puerto-rico-response-zika-outbreak.html\">shipped in\u003c/a> from the continental U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third, more definitive, test is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/denvchikvzikv-testing-algorithm.pdf\">PRNT\u003c/a>, or the plaque-reduction neutralization test. Because PRNT is expensive and takes at least a week longer to do than the Zika MAC-ELISA, the ELISA test is widely considered the more practical option in many cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And herein lies where science needs to innovate a bit,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.niaid.nih.gov/labsandresources/labs/aboutlabs/lvd/viralpathogenesissection/Pages/default.aspx\">Ted Pierson\u003c/a>, a virologist and senior investigator at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometime in December, Pierson and colleagues in his molecular virology lab dropped their work on dengue virus so they could press the pedal to the metal on Zika. Pierson's work doesn't focus on pregnant women or blood transfusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am focused on amino acids, hydroxyls and phosphates,\" he explains. His team is trying to figure out how to make a better version of the antibody test — the Zika MAC-ELISA test the CDC is distributing to labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The problem here is actually quite simple,\" Pierson explains. Viruses in the same family — in Zika's case, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/virus-families/flaviviridae.html\">flaviviruses\u003c/a>\u003cem> — \u003c/em>can look similar on the outside, and the antibodies the human immune system uses to fight them can also be similar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if a person had been infected sometime along the way with another mosquito-borne virus in that family, like dengue or West Nile — or even if they simply had been vaccinated against yellow fever — they could test positive in a Zika antibody test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a good example of where the devil is in the details,\" Pierson says, and those details are what he and his colleagues are delving into now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we, as a field, need to do is develop antigens that allow us to distinguish between the antibodies specific to Zika, versus those for other flaviviruses,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is essentially stripping down the virus to figure out what is unique to Zika — what distinguishes it from related viruses. The researchers are particularly interested in proteins, like the \"fusion loop,\" that lie on top of the virus and help it enter a human cell. Once those unique parts are identified, it might be possible to create a more specific test that has much lower odds of triggering false positives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could take days to figure out — or months, Pierson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You just can't predict,\" he says. \"This is science. We just have to do the experiments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, people across the country who have jobs like Cleveland Weeden's will be working long days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You get physically tired,\" Weeden admits. \"We're not robots. Your hands cramp up after you pipette so much. But that's what we're here for. We're public health scientists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weather warms and mosquitoes start flying around, these scientists will keep on testing with — they hope — better and better tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Best+To+Test+For+Zika+Virus%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "126635 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=126635",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/11/zika-tests-have-different-drawbacks-including-false-positives/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1465,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 37
},
"modified": 1476934765,
"excerpt": "There are three kinds of tests for Zika, and each has problems. So. scientists are working hard to improve diagnosis.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "There are three kinds of tests for Zika, and each has problems. So. scientists are working hard to improve diagnosis.",
"title": "Zika Tests Have Different Drawbacks -- Including False Positives | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Zika Tests Have Different Drawbacks -- Including False Positives",
"datePublished": "2016-03-11T13:07:44-08:00",
"dateModified": "2016-10-19T20:39:25-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "zika-tests-have-different-drawbacks-including-false-positives",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=469549176&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Rae Ellen Bichell",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 10 Mar 2016 14:45:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 10 Mar 2016 17:00:16 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/10/469549176/how-best-to-test-for-zika-virus?ft=nprml&f=469549176",
"nprAudio": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/03/20160310_atc_how_best_to_test_for_zika_virus.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=464842698&d=304&p=2&story=469549176&t=progseg&e=469898968&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=469549176",
"nprImageAgency": "AP",
"nprImageCredit": "Arnulfo Franco",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1469972607-81dc08.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=464842698&d=304&p=2&story=469549176&t=progseg&e=469898968&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=469549176",
"nprStoryId": "469549176",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 10 Mar 2016 18:51:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/126635/zika-tests-have-different-drawbacks-including-false-positives",
"audioUrl": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/03/20160310_atc_how_best_to_test_for_zika_virus.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=464842698&d=304&p=2&story=469549176&t=progseg&e=469898968&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=469549176",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Let's say you're a pregnant woman who recently traveled to Latin America or the Caribbean. You got a little sick shortly after the trip, with some combination of mild fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. The big question now is: Did you have Zika virus? And, if so, is your fetus still healthy?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One test has a particularly nasty drawback: It sometimes tells people they have the Zika virus when they don't.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Probably every day, patients come in questioning whether or not they would qualify for testing,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.umiamihospital.com/doctors/profile/137788\">Dr. Christine Curry\u003c/a>, an obstetrician-gynecologist at the University of Miami, and Jackson Memorial Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/04/469179452/study-finds-multiple-problems-in-fetuses-exposed-to-zika-virus\">preliminary study\u003c/a> in Brazil makes a strong case for the link between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and a number of birth defects, including microcephaly. The infection has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6508e1.htm\">associated\u003c/a> with a range of outcomes in another study of nine U.S. women who caught the virus while traveling to regions where Zika is prevalent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a patient has a particular \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/qa-pregnant-women.html\">travel history\u003c/a>, Curry sends a sample of the woman's blood to a lab for analysis. But it can take awhile for test results to come back, Curry says, and the waiting can be really stressful, especially for patients in the middle of a pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're trying to decide what to do with the pregnancy, given so many unknowns,\" she says. \"The difference between two and four weeks can be the difference between being able to end a pregnancy and not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's another problem: Some tests aren't very reliable, so patients sometimes have to go through \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html\">multiple rounds\u003c/a> to confirm whether they had Zika. That puts Curry in a tricky situation when she's counseling patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It involves saying 'I don't know' and 'no one knows' over and over again,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, most samples of fluids from patients had to be sent to Atlanta for testing by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Now, about 30 local \u003ca href=\"http://dfs.dc.gov/page/public-health-laboratory-division-phl\">public health labs\u003c/a> are gearing up to do the analysis themselves, including the District of Columbia's department of forensic sciences, where Cleveland Weeden works as a medical technologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most days, Weeden says, he feels like an athlete stuck on the bench. Outbreaks are exciting, in a way, because he finally gets to put his expertise and skills to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're the bench,\" Weeden says. \"We get called into action when something goes on in the city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A refrigerator behind Weeden holds plastic baggies with tubes of blood and urine from patients in the area. As of this week, his job is to test all these samples for Zika virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeden expects to get the results to patients within three days, rather than four weeks. He's running a procedure called \u003ca href=\"http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/seminar/2002/method/lowry/rtpcr.htm\">RT-PCR\u003c/a> – or Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The CDC has produced about 375,000 kits that can perform this test. It looks for pieces of the virus' genetic material and answers \"yes\" or \"no\" to the question: \"Is there virus in this person's blood?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeden says the test is pretty straightforward — except for one thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From the time the person is bitten [by an infected mosquito] to the time they get to the doctor, no more than five to seven days can pass for us to [be able to] pick it up on PCR,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that if PCR is to work, doctors have to collect patients' blood within a week of the first signs of a fever and rash. The virus hangs around a little longer in urine, so doctors would have a slightly longer window of time — about two weeks — to collect those samples. But there's an extra complication, Curry says: Most patients don't rush to the doctor when their illness is mild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone had virus in their blood three weeks ago and they're now cleared, the PCR's not going to tell you that,\" she says. In that case, a negative result could mean either that the person never had Zika, or that their body had already cleared it from their system by the time they got tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why labs like Weeden's are trying to get hold of another kind of test that the CDC developed, which goes by yet another bulky acronym — the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/state-labs/\">Zika MAC-ELISA\u003c/a>. This test looks for a protein in a person's blood — a specific type of antibody — that shows what foreign things the body has fought off recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Zika MAC-ELISA is widely seen as the best test available, right now, because it works over a longer time span than the first option. It's also faster and cheaper than another more definitive test, and requires less specialized training to perform. According to the CDC, Zika antibodies appear in the blood \"starting 4 to 5 days after the start of illness and last for up to 12 weeks,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/zika-mac-elisa-fact-sheet-for-patients.pdf\">or even longer\u003c/a> in some people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has produced about 100,000 of these test kits, and is offering them free to \u003ca href=\"http://emergency.cdc.gov/lrn/\">qualified labs\u003c/a>. But there's one drawback: The test sometimes tells people they had Zika when they didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ideal test, all agree, would be specific to this particular virus and give a faster turnaround time — eliminating the need for the manpower, money and time required to go through the current layers of testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just pregnant women who would benefit from a better test — so would patients who need blood transfusions in places like Puerto Rico, where health officials have been worried that patients might accidentally get Zika during transfusions with infected blood. So the officials have stopped accepting local donations and, instead, are now getting blood \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2016/03/07/hhs-ships-blood-products-puerto-rico-response-zika-outbreak.html\">shipped in\u003c/a> from the continental U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third, more definitive, test is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/denvchikvzikv-testing-algorithm.pdf\">PRNT\u003c/a>, or the plaque-reduction neutralization test. Because PRNT is expensive and takes at least a week longer to do than the Zika MAC-ELISA, the ELISA test is widely considered the more practical option in many cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And herein lies where science needs to innovate a bit,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.niaid.nih.gov/labsandresources/labs/aboutlabs/lvd/viralpathogenesissection/Pages/default.aspx\">Ted Pierson\u003c/a>, a virologist and senior investigator at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometime in December, Pierson and colleagues in his molecular virology lab dropped their work on dengue virus so they could press the pedal to the metal on Zika. Pierson's work doesn't focus on pregnant women or blood transfusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am focused on amino acids, hydroxyls and phosphates,\" he explains. His team is trying to figure out how to make a better version of the antibody test — the Zika MAC-ELISA test the CDC is distributing to labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The problem here is actually quite simple,\" Pierson explains. Viruses in the same family — in Zika's case, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/virus-families/flaviviridae.html\">flaviviruses\u003c/a>\u003cem> — \u003c/em>can look similar on the outside, and the antibodies the human immune system uses to fight them can also be similar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if a person had been infected sometime along the way with another mosquito-borne virus in that family, like dengue or West Nile — or even if they simply had been vaccinated against yellow fever — they could test positive in a Zika antibody test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a good example of where the devil is in the details,\" Pierson says, and those details are what he and his colleagues are delving into now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we, as a field, need to do is develop antigens that allow us to distinguish between the antibodies specific to Zika, versus those for other flaviviruses,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is essentially stripping down the virus to figure out what is unique to Zika — what distinguishes it from related viruses. The researchers are particularly interested in proteins, like the \"fusion loop,\" that lie on top of the virus and help it enter a human cell. Once those unique parts are identified, it might be possible to create a more specific test that has much lower odds of triggering false positives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could take days to figure out — or months, Pierson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You just can't predict,\" he says. \"This is science. We just have to do the experiments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, people across the country who have jobs like Cleveland Weeden's will be working long days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You get physically tired,\" Weeden admits. \"We're not robots. Your hands cramp up after you pipette so much. But that's what we're here for. We're public health scientists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weather warms and mosquitoes start flying around, these scientists will keep on testing with — they hope — better and better tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Best+To+Test+For+Zika+Virus%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/126635/zika-tests-have-different-drawbacks-including-false-positives",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_126635"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_753"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_126636",
"label": "futureofyou_54"
},
"futureofyou_126530": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_126530",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "126530",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457723614000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "nancy-reagan-bucked-conservatives-when-it-came-to-stem-cells",
"title": "Nancy Reagan Bucked Conservatives When it Came to Stem Cells",
"publishDate": 1457723614,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Nancy Reagan Bucked Conservatives When it Came to Stem Cells | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 54,
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"content": "\u003cp>Nancy Reagan is being buried today at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, next to her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in 1994, just five years after leaving office. You can read his letter to the American public announcing the diagnosis \u003ca href=\"https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/alzheimerletter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. Whether Reagan was affected by the disease during his presidency is a matter of some \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/ronald-reagan-alzheimers-presidency/story?id=12633225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">debate\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633673?dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">case study\u003c/a> published last year found a shrinking of the president’s vocabulary during his presidency, a condition often linked to dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Nancy Reagan took private conversations and threw them out into the public sphere, and in so doing created a tremendous awareness for Alzheimer’s disease that she then leveraged politically.’\u003ccite>Hans Keirstead, Stem Cell Research Pioneer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After her husband’s diagnosis, Nancy Reagan became an advocate for Alzheimer’s research. In 1995, Mrs. Reagan helped establish the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, an Alzheimer’s Association affiliate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, years after his illness had forced Ronald Reagan out of public life, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/29/us/nancy-reagan-in-a-whisper-fights-bush-over-stem-cells.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times called \u003c/a>Nancy Reagan a “stealth lobbyist” against the\u003ca href=\"http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/pages/2001policy.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> sharp restrictions \u003c/a>President George W. Bush had imposed on stem cell research the previous year. These were \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/03/09/obama.stem.cells/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overturned\u003c/a> by President Obama soon after he took office, a decision Republicans strongly\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/republicans-rally-against-obama-on-stem-cells/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> opposed\u003c/a> but drew \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/nancy-reagan-praises-obama-019787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strong praise\u003c/a> from Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR earlier this week talked to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/23/business/moving-stem-cells-front-and-center.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stem cell pioneer\u003c/a> Hans Keirstead about Nancy Reagan’s heterodoxy within the conservative movement when it came to stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nancy used the power of her position, you know, unapologetically, very responsibly to not only bring awareness to Alzheimer’s research, but also awareness to the tools that might benefit Alzheimer’s,” Keirstead said. “There was a lot of ignorance about where these cells came from, how they were procured, how they were used. She brought clarity to that by using her position, influencing senators, congressmen, politicians of all sorts as well as the federal government’s funding agencies like the National Institutes of Health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/03/07/469545335/stem-cell-pioneer-nancy-reagan-brought-alzheimers-into-the-public-sphere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">listen\u003c/a> to the entire interview on NPR, or read the transcript, below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>KELLY McEVERS, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Reagan called Alzheimer’s disease a truly long, long goodbye. Her husband, President Ronald Reagan, announced he had the disease in 1994. And at the time, Alzheimer’s wasn’t talked about openly. The former first lady helped change that. Here she is in a C-SPAN interview in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NANCY REAGAN: It is probably the worst disease you can never have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>REAGAN: Because you lose contact and you’re not able to share – in our case, you’re not able to share all those wonderful memories that we have. And we had a wonderful life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: After Nancy Reagan’s death yesterday at the age of 94, she’s being remembered as a powerful advocate for Alzheimer’s research. We’re going to talk about that now with Hans Keirstead. He’s a stem cell research pioneer. And I understand Mrs. Reagan consulted you after her husband’s diagnosis with Alzheimer’s. What did she ask you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HANS KEIRSTEAD: That’s correct. Nancy Reagan reached out to me in order to get a deeper understanding of what’s real and what’s false from all of the news that was coming out on stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: Did you know how publicly she was going to talk about Alzheimer’s at that point, or did you think these were, you know, more private conversations?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: Nancy Reagan took private conversations and threw them out into the public sphere, and in so doing created a tremendous awareness for Alzheimer’s disease that she then leveraged politically. At that time, Ronald Reagan’s disease was being questioned as to its beginnings. Did it start during his presidency? Did it start afterwards? Nancy Reagan was really the first that stepped forward and put clarity to that, and brought the attention of the president of the United States and all the communication that surrounds that position to bear on Alzheimer’s awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute at the Alzheimer’s Association was established in 1995, not long after President Reagan’s diagnosis. And she helped raise millions and millions of dollars for research, took on the federal restrictions on embryonic stem cell research. This was not a popular idea with Republicans. What happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: Nancy used the power of her position, you know, unapologetically, very responsibly to not only bring awareness to Alzheimer’s research, but also awareness to the tools that might benefit Alzheimer’s. There was a lot of ignorance about where these cells came from, how they were procured, how they were used. She brought clarity to that by using her position, influencing senators, congressmen, politicians of all sorts as well as the federal government’s funding agencies like the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: Nancy Reagan did not see a cure in her lifetime. If you had a chance to say something to her about when that might happen, what would you say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: We have the most powerful biologic that doctors have ever come across, but in a complex disease like Alzheimer’s it takes hundreds of scientists to make these treatments. Biomedical research is a very long, very expensive road. She spurred us on, she gave us the fuel, and we’re using that now.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "A stem cell pioneer recalls how Reagan influenced the debate on stem cells in the 2000s.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721150999,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 23,
"wordCount": 951
},
"headData": {
"title": "Nancy Reagan Bucked Conservatives When it Came to Stem Cells",
"description": "A stem cell pioneer recalls how Reagan influenced the debate on stem cells in the 2000s.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Nancy Reagan Bucked Conservatives When it Came to Stem Cells",
"datePublished": "2016-03-11T11:13:34-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-16T10:29:59-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"sticky": false,
"path": "/futureofyou/126530/nancy-reagan-bucked-conservatives-when-it-came-to-stem-cells",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nancy Reagan is being buried today at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, next to her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in 1994, just five years after leaving office. You can read his letter to the American public announcing the diagnosis \u003ca href=\"https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/alzheimerletter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. Whether Reagan was affected by the disease during his presidency is a matter of some \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/ronald-reagan-alzheimers-presidency/story?id=12633225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">debate\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633673?dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">case study\u003c/a> published last year found a shrinking of the president’s vocabulary during his presidency, a condition often linked to dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Nancy Reagan took private conversations and threw them out into the public sphere, and in so doing created a tremendous awareness for Alzheimer’s disease that she then leveraged politically.’\u003ccite>Hans Keirstead, Stem Cell Research Pioneer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After her husband’s diagnosis, Nancy Reagan became an advocate for Alzheimer’s research. In 1995, Mrs. Reagan helped establish the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, an Alzheimer’s Association affiliate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, years after his illness had forced Ronald Reagan out of public life, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/29/us/nancy-reagan-in-a-whisper-fights-bush-over-stem-cells.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times called \u003c/a>Nancy Reagan a “stealth lobbyist” against the\u003ca href=\"http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/pages/2001policy.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> sharp restrictions \u003c/a>President George W. Bush had imposed on stem cell research the previous year. These were \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/03/09/obama.stem.cells/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overturned\u003c/a> by President Obama soon after he took office, a decision Republicans strongly\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/republicans-rally-against-obama-on-stem-cells/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> opposed\u003c/a> but drew \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/nancy-reagan-praises-obama-019787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strong praise\u003c/a> from Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR earlier this week talked to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/23/business/moving-stem-cells-front-and-center.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stem cell pioneer\u003c/a> Hans Keirstead about Nancy Reagan’s heterodoxy within the conservative movement when it came to stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nancy used the power of her position, you know, unapologetically, very responsibly to not only bring awareness to Alzheimer’s research, but also awareness to the tools that might benefit Alzheimer’s,” Keirstead said. “There was a lot of ignorance about where these cells came from, how they were procured, how they were used. She brought clarity to that by using her position, influencing senators, congressmen, politicians of all sorts as well as the federal government’s funding agencies like the National Institutes of Health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/03/07/469545335/stem-cell-pioneer-nancy-reagan-brought-alzheimers-into-the-public-sphere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">listen\u003c/a> to the entire interview on NPR, or read the transcript, below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>KELLY McEVERS, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Reagan called Alzheimer’s disease a truly long, long goodbye. Her husband, President Ronald Reagan, announced he had the disease in 1994. And at the time, Alzheimer’s wasn’t talked about openly. The former first lady helped change that. Here she is in a C-SPAN interview in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NANCY REAGAN: It is probably the worst disease you can never have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>REAGAN: Because you lose contact and you’re not able to share – in our case, you’re not able to share all those wonderful memories that we have. And we had a wonderful life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: After Nancy Reagan’s death yesterday at the age of 94, she’s being remembered as a powerful advocate for Alzheimer’s research. We’re going to talk about that now with Hans Keirstead. He’s a stem cell research pioneer. And I understand Mrs. Reagan consulted you after her husband’s diagnosis with Alzheimer’s. What did she ask you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HANS KEIRSTEAD: That’s correct. Nancy Reagan reached out to me in order to get a deeper understanding of what’s real and what’s false from all of the news that was coming out on stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: Did you know how publicly she was going to talk about Alzheimer’s at that point, or did you think these were, you know, more private conversations?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: Nancy Reagan took private conversations and threw them out into the public sphere, and in so doing created a tremendous awareness for Alzheimer’s disease that she then leveraged politically. At that time, Ronald Reagan’s disease was being questioned as to its beginnings. Did it start during his presidency? Did it start afterwards? Nancy Reagan was really the first that stepped forward and put clarity to that, and brought the attention of the president of the United States and all the communication that surrounds that position to bear on Alzheimer’s awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute at the Alzheimer’s Association was established in 1995, not long after President Reagan’s diagnosis. And she helped raise millions and millions of dollars for research, took on the federal restrictions on embryonic stem cell research. This was not a popular idea with Republicans. What happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: Nancy used the power of her position, you know, unapologetically, very responsibly to not only bring awareness to Alzheimer’s research, but also awareness to the tools that might benefit Alzheimer’s. There was a lot of ignorance about where these cells came from, how they were procured, how they were used. She brought clarity to that by using her position, influencing senators, congressmen, politicians of all sorts as well as the federal government’s funding agencies like the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: Nancy Reagan did not see a cure in her lifetime. If you had a chance to say something to her about when that might happen, what would you say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: We have the most powerful biologic that doctors have ever come across, but in a complex disease like Alzheimer’s it takes hundreds of scientists to make these treatments. Biomedical research is a very long, very expensive road. She spurred us on, she gave us the fuel, and we’re using that now.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/126530/nancy-reagan-bucked-conservatives-when-it-came-to-stem-cells",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_999",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_800",
"futureofyou_801"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_126578",
"label": "futureofyou_54"
},
"futureofyou_125049": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_125049",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "125049",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457682010000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 54
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1457682010,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "What Are the Coming Disruptive Trends in Health Care?",
"title": "What Are the Coming Disruptive Trends in Health Care?",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Over at the first annual Social Entrepreneurship & Innovation Conference, put on by the University of San Francisco last week, the mice were a'clickin,' the tweets were a'tweetin' and the entrepreneurs were a'pitchin.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I stopped by the panel devoted to recent advances in medical technology, where one of the questions was: What trends in health care are truly going to be disruptive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the panelists' \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">answers, which have been edited.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\"Price transparency is going to be huge over the next decade. More people will want to understand why a hip replacement at one institution costs $25,000 versus $5,000 someplace else. The price convergence of health care and mobile is also going to be powerful -- 95 percent of health care that exists in a facility right now can be delivered at the patient's home, at their workplace, while they're commuting.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Connor Landgraf, cofounder \u003ca href=\"https://ekodevices.com/\" target=\"_blank\">EKO Devices\u003c/a>, a digital stethoscope maker\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to see a lot more data collection and a lot more people getting involved in the medical process, and it won't matter if you have a background in medicine or not. That allows us to tap the wisdom of patients who have gone through these issues themselves, and they are far more expert in their condition than the doctors who originally diagnosed them.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Jessica Greenwalt, cofounder \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/\" target=\"_blank\">CrowdMed\u003c/a>, a diagnosis-crowdsourcing site\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I see a trend in health-tech startups moving toward basing products on actual clinical evidence, which was not the case for a long time. We don't have to reinvent the wheel or create something brand new and crazy and innovative -- you don't need to have an Oculus Rift to do medical care. Sometimes you just take something we know works in the real world and put it online. You find a way to use technology to scale it.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Amanda Angelotti, clinical systems designer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\" target=\"_blank\">One Medical Group\u003c/a>, membership-based health care\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest trend in digital health is the collection of data by passive devices, plus genomics. These are two areas that are coming together. Clinicians and medical specialists will massage the data to enable precision medicine for the patient. Mixed up in that is social data: What are you drinking? What are you eating? All that's coming together to be personalized.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Pronoy Saha, founder, \u003ca href=\"http://healthtechnologyforum.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Health Technology Forum\u003c/a>, promoting the intersection of health care and technology\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "125049 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=125049",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/10/techmed-entrepreneurs-on-the-coming-disruptive-trends-in-health-care/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 439,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1457735869,
"excerpt": "From price transparency to crowdsourcing medical opinions, TechMed entrepreneurs talk trends.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "From price transparency to crowdsourcing medical opinions, TechMed entrepreneurs talk trends.",
"title": "What Are the Coming Disruptive Trends in Health Care? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What Are the Coming Disruptive Trends in Health Care?",
"datePublished": "2016-03-10T23:40:10-08:00",
"dateModified": "2016-03-11T14:37:49-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "techmed-entrepreneurs-on-the-coming-disruptive-trends-in-health-care",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/125049/techmed-entrepreneurs-on-the-coming-disruptive-trends-in-health-care",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over at the first annual Social Entrepreneurship & Innovation Conference, put on by the University of San Francisco last week, the mice were a'clickin,' the tweets were a'tweetin' and the entrepreneurs were a'pitchin.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I stopped by the panel devoted to recent advances in medical technology, where one of the questions was: What trends in health care are truly going to be disruptive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the panelists' \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">answers, which have been edited.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\"Price transparency is going to be huge over the next decade. More people will want to understand why a hip replacement at one institution costs $25,000 versus $5,000 someplace else. The price convergence of health care and mobile is also going to be powerful -- 95 percent of health care that exists in a facility right now can be delivered at the patient's home, at their workplace, while they're commuting.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Connor Landgraf, cofounder \u003ca href=\"https://ekodevices.com/\" target=\"_blank\">EKO Devices\u003c/a>, a digital stethoscope maker\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to see a lot more data collection and a lot more people getting involved in the medical process, and it won't matter if you have a background in medicine or not. That allows us to tap the wisdom of patients who have gone through these issues themselves, and they are far more expert in their condition than the doctors who originally diagnosed them.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Jessica Greenwalt, cofounder \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/\" target=\"_blank\">CrowdMed\u003c/a>, a diagnosis-crowdsourcing site\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I see a trend in health-tech startups moving toward basing products on actual clinical evidence, which was not the case for a long time. We don't have to reinvent the wheel or create something brand new and crazy and innovative -- you don't need to have an Oculus Rift to do medical care. Sometimes you just take something we know works in the real world and put it online. You find a way to use technology to scale it.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Amanda Angelotti, clinical systems designer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\" target=\"_blank\">One Medical Group\u003c/a>, membership-based health care\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest trend in digital health is the collection of data by passive devices, plus genomics. These are two areas that are coming together. Clinicians and medical specialists will massage the data to enable precision medicine for the patient. Mixed up in that is social data: What are you drinking? What are you eating? All that's coming together to be personalized.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Pronoy Saha, founder, \u003ca href=\"http://healthtechnologyforum.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Health Technology Forum\u003c/a>, promoting the intersection of health care and technology\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/125049/techmed-entrepreneurs-on-the-coming-disruptive-trends-in-health-care",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_126160",
"label": "futureofyou_54"
},
"futureofyou_125023": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_125023",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "125023",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457550007000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1457550007,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Your Health App Could Be Selling Your Personal Health Data",
"title": "Your Health App Could Be Selling Your Personal Health Data",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Truth: Who actually reads the permissions for every app before agreeing to them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out that, unlike every other entity that collects your health information and makes you read privacy policies \u003cem>ad nauseum\u003c/em>, apps do not generally have to abide by federal health privacy laws. And many health apps are taking advantage of that to share sensitive health information with advertisers and other third parties, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2499265\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/journal.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">The Journal of the American Medical Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Once your health information gets leaked, anyone can access it and you no longer have control.'\u003ccite>Sarah Blenner,\u003cbr>\nUCLA Fielding School of Public Health\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study found it was rare that people who downloaded any of the diabetes apps studied could exert control over how it used their private health information. Only four of 211 apps said they would ask users for permission to share data. And 81 percent of the apps had no privacy policy at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very troubling.\" says lead author and lawyer Sarah Blenner, a project manager at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blenner led the project when she was at the Illinois Institute of Technology's Chicago-Kent College of Law, and focused on diabetes apps because diabetes and consumer privacy were the two major areas of concern for her team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found even the apps that had privacy policies didn't do much to safeguard privacy. Eighty percent of the privacy policies authorized the app to collect sensitive health information, and nearly half the policies authorized the app to share personal health data with third parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out whether the apps actually shared all this information, Blenner and her colleagues conducted a sort of covert op.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After they examined permissions and privacy policies for all 211 diabetes apps available on Android over a period of six months, researchers chose a random subset of 65 apps they monitored surreptitiously to find how they used people's personal health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 75 percent of the apps in the subset -- both those with privacy policies and those without -- routinely collected and shared the sensitive health data, such as blood glucose and insulin levels. Once the app shared the information, Blenner and her colleagues couldn't follow where it went next, but she says at that point, it could continue to be shared and sold multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further, the apps could have been sweeping up wide swaths of personal information, depending on what the user was tracking: food and exercise, perhaps, or useful websites and doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of that can be shared or leaked with third parties,\" Blenner says. \"Once your health information gets leaked, anyone can access it and you no longer have control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equally startling was the range of activities the apps were authorized to conduct inside the user's phone. These activities were embedded in the permissions users have to agree to in order to download the app. Of the 211 apps, 64 precent were authorized to modify or delete any of the content stored on your phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a creepy fraction of the apps -- 11 percent or less -- were authorized to turn on your phone's camera and take pictures and videos, call and modify your contacts, read or write your call log, and record your phone calls. One of the apps using these creepy permissions sounds otherwise bland; Blenner says it offered recipes as its only content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the study looked at a limited subset of health apps, it points to glaring deficiencies in privacy law and troubling practices that any health app can legally participate in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the study summed it up, health professionals should consider privacy implications before they recommend a health app, and patients cannot generally assume their health information is private once they enter it into an app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do want to find a health app's privacy policy, fair warning that it's apparently not always easy. Blenner says some privacy policies were included in the description of the app, others made you click on a link to read the policy, and still others the researchers found only by figuring out who developed the app and going to the developer's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, while your doctors and other health professionals are generating reams of paperwork to protect your sensitive health information, that same information on your phone could be streaming off to who knows where.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "125023 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=125023",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/09/your-health-app-could-be-selling-your-personal-health-data/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 737,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1476934928,
"excerpt": "Only four of 211 diabetes apps said they would ask users for permission to share data. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Only four of 211 diabetes apps said they would ask users for permission to share data. ",
"title": "Your Health App Could Be Selling Your Personal Health Data | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Your Health App Could Be Selling Your Personal Health Data",
"datePublished": "2016-03-09T11:00:07-08:00",
"dateModified": "2016-10-19T20:42:08-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "your-health-app-could-be-selling-your-personal-health-data",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/125023/your-health-app-could-be-selling-your-personal-health-data",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Truth: Who actually reads the permissions for every app before agreeing to them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out that, unlike every other entity that collects your health information and makes you read privacy policies \u003cem>ad nauseum\u003c/em>, apps do not generally have to abide by federal health privacy laws. And many health apps are taking advantage of that to share sensitive health information with advertisers and other third parties, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2499265\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/journal.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">The Journal of the American Medical Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Once your health information gets leaked, anyone can access it and you no longer have control.'\u003ccite>Sarah Blenner,\u003cbr>\nUCLA Fielding School of Public Health\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study found it was rare that people who downloaded any of the diabetes apps studied could exert control over how it used their private health information. Only four of 211 apps said they would ask users for permission to share data. And 81 percent of the apps had no privacy policy at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very troubling.\" says lead author and lawyer Sarah Blenner, a project manager at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blenner led the project when she was at the Illinois Institute of Technology's Chicago-Kent College of Law, and focused on diabetes apps because diabetes and consumer privacy were the two major areas of concern for her team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found even the apps that had privacy policies didn't do much to safeguard privacy. Eighty percent of the privacy policies authorized the app to collect sensitive health information, and nearly half the policies authorized the app to share personal health data with third parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out whether the apps actually shared all this information, Blenner and her colleagues conducted a sort of covert op.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After they examined permissions and privacy policies for all 211 diabetes apps available on Android over a period of six months, researchers chose a random subset of 65 apps they monitored surreptitiously to find how they used people's personal health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 75 percent of the apps in the subset -- both those with privacy policies and those without -- routinely collected and shared the sensitive health data, such as blood glucose and insulin levels. Once the app shared the information, Blenner and her colleagues couldn't follow where it went next, but she says at that point, it could continue to be shared and sold multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further, the apps could have been sweeping up wide swaths of personal information, depending on what the user was tracking: food and exercise, perhaps, or useful websites and doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of that can be shared or leaked with third parties,\" Blenner says. \"Once your health information gets leaked, anyone can access it and you no longer have control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equally startling was the range of activities the apps were authorized to conduct inside the user's phone. These activities were embedded in the permissions users have to agree to in order to download the app. Of the 211 apps, 64 precent were authorized to modify or delete any of the content stored on your phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a creepy fraction of the apps -- 11 percent or less -- were authorized to turn on your phone's camera and take pictures and videos, call and modify your contacts, read or write your call log, and record your phone calls. One of the apps using these creepy permissions sounds otherwise bland; Blenner says it offered recipes as its only content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the study looked at a limited subset of health apps, it points to glaring deficiencies in privacy law and troubling practices that any health app can legally participate in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the study summed it up, health professionals should consider privacy implications before they recommend a health app, and patients cannot generally assume their health information is private once they enter it into an app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do want to find a health app's privacy policy, fair warning that it's apparently not always easy. Blenner says some privacy policies were included in the description of the app, others made you click on a link to read the policy, and still others the researchers found only by figuring out who developed the app and going to the developer's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, while your doctors and other health professionals are generating reams of paperwork to protect your sensitive health information, that same information on your phone could be streaming off to who knows where.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/125023/your-health-app-could-be-selling-your-personal-health-data",
"authors": [
"235"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_285"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_125024",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_125438": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_125438",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "125438",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457547168000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1457547168,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Defying Norm, Scientist Reports Zika Research in Real Time",
"title": "Defying Norm, Scientist Reports Zika Research in Real Time",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Anyone can follow the pregnancy of a monkey infected with Zika virus in real time, thanks to an experiment in data sharing that's unusual for biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Wisconsin injected Zika virus into a pregnant rhesus macaque monkey on Monday, to start exploring how this virus can affect the brain of a developing fetus. Over the course of the coming weeks, the team will be \u003ca href=\"https://dholk.primate.wisc.edu/project/dho/public/Zika/public/ZIKV-003/begin.view\">posting\u003c/a> the infected monkey's ultrasounds and blood tests, as well as other data such as the amount of virus in the amniotic fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I haven't seen a researcher before essentially publishing all the raw data from experiments.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study is being led by \u003ca href=\"http://labs.pathology.wisc.edu/oconnor/staff/index_files/page7-1000-full.html\">Dave O'Connor\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who is also writing a \u003ca href=\"https://dholk.primate.wisc.edu/project/dho/public/Zika/public/ZIKV-003/begin.view\">running commentary\u003c/a> on the laboratory's website that frankly discusses things like the emotional impact of looking at this primate's ultrasounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor says that he can feel a moral need to do this kind of animal research and at the same time feel \"sad and heartbroken\" at what the work entails. \"I don't think those two are mutually exclusive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his colleagues have been planning these monkey experiments for months. A couple of weeks ago, when he was in Rio de Janeiro, he kept seeing pregnant women on the street. It really hit him that all of them were potentially at risk of Zika, which is suspected of causing microcephaly and other devastating birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've come to the conclusion that there is an ethical and a moral imperative to study the most relevant animal model to get the most impactful and valuable data,\" says O'Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And making sure that the data has the biggest impact is why he's releasing it right away, letting strangers follow the experiment as it happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of openness is not the norm in biology. Usually researchers would collect data, analyze it, maybe present it at a conference, and eventually submit a manuscript to a scientific journal. The findings might not get published for more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the case of a public health emergency like Zika virus, the journals are \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2016/02/10/science.aaf4545\">aware\u003c/a> that there is certain urgency to communicating the results,\" says O'Connor, \"but that process can still take weeks to months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn't want to wait. Doing the experiment publicly means that other experts can contact him and suggest changes or offer help. Plus the early results could maybe help other groups better plan their own Zika studies, so they could get results faster and use fewer animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't seen a researcher before essentially publishing all the raw data from experiments. I think that's great. That's certainly new to me,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://andersen-lab.com/people/\">Kristian Andersen\u003c/a>, a biologist at The Scripps Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, Andersen and his colleagues sequenced Ebola viruses taken from patients and made that genetic information public unusually fast — within 48 hours of generating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My take on it is that for public health emergencies like Ebola, like Zika, it's really a no-brainer,\" says Andersen. \"The data has to be made publicly available as soon as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, this kind of rapid data sharing is so new, there's a lot that isn't yet sorted out — like how to make sure scientists get proper credit for their work, even if it's not formally published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're seeing a shift, as you are in many other aspects of culture, where information can be shared much more broadly and much more quickly than it ever could before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/friedrichlab/\">Thomas Friedrich\u003c/a>, a researcher at the University of Wisconsin, Madison who is collaborating with O'Connor on the Zika experiments in monkeys. \"Part of what we're testing here is the viability of real-time public data sharing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that one recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1600651\">paper\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em> used unpublished data on Zika virus genetic sequences that had been deposited in a publicly available database. Some felt that the group in Brazil that originally obtained those sequences was not given enough credit in that publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's caused a bit of controversy within the field, partially because there are no rules about how to do that,\" Friedrich says. \"By the kind of standard rules, the researchers who wrote the paper didn't do anything wrong in taking publicly available data and doing their own analysis with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he says, there's a growing appreciation for how researchers in developing countries may not get enough credit for their contributions, and there's an obvious need to make sure that these scientists can contribute to rapidly moving science without the fear of being shortchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrich says he wouldn't want to rush into recommending that everyone go public with their experiments, but doing this monkey study out in the open seemed right to him — at least in the urgent context of the Zika outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I understand that not everyone in science is going to feel the same way,\" says Friedrich, \"and because we don't have codified rules and because we don't have established norms, the level of data sharing that each individual scientist thinks is appropriate is going to vary widely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But O'Connor hopes that if this experiment in transparency goes well, it might embolden others to follow their lead. \"We don't know how it's going to be received,\" says O'Connor, \"but trying new things and seeing what happens is important in its own right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "125438 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=125438",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/09/defying-norm-scientist-reports-zika-research-in-real-time/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 939,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1476935019,
"excerpt": "It's rare for researchers to share data as they work, but scientists in Wisconsin are reporting on their Zika virus experiments in real time. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "It's rare for researchers to share data as they work, but scientists in Wisconsin are reporting on their Zika virus experiments in real time. ",
"title": "Defying Norm, Scientist Reports Zika Research in Real Time | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Defying Norm, Scientist Reports Zika Research in Real Time",
"datePublished": "2016-03-09T10:12:48-08:00",
"dateModified": "2016-10-19T20:43:39-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "defying-norm-scientist-reports-zika-research-in-real-time",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=469653715&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Nell Greenfieldboyce\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 08 Mar 2016 17:00:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 08 Mar 2016 19:31:14 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/08/469653715/scientists-report-in-real-time-on-challenging-zika-research?ft=nprml&f=469653715",
"nprAudio": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/03/20160308_atc_nell_on_zika_monkeys.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=464842698&d=227&p=2&story=469653715&t=progseg&e=469610288&seg=17&ft=nprml&f=469653715",
"nprImageAgency": "Courtesy of Kristi L. Hall",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1469692294-0dc026.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=464842698&d=227&p=2&story=469653715&t=progseg&e=469610288&seg=17&ft=nprml&f=469653715",
"nprStoryId": "469653715",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 08 Mar 2016 23:28:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/125438/defying-norm-scientist-reports-zika-research-in-real-time",
"audioUrl": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/03/20160308_atc_nell_on_zika_monkeys.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=464842698&d=227&p=2&story=469653715&t=progseg&e=469610288&seg=17&ft=nprml&f=469653715",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Anyone can follow the pregnancy of a monkey infected with Zika virus in real time, thanks to an experiment in data sharing that's unusual for biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Wisconsin injected Zika virus into a pregnant rhesus macaque monkey on Monday, to start exploring how this virus can affect the brain of a developing fetus. Over the course of the coming weeks, the team will be \u003ca href=\"https://dholk.primate.wisc.edu/project/dho/public/Zika/public/ZIKV-003/begin.view\">posting\u003c/a> the infected monkey's ultrasounds and blood tests, as well as other data such as the amount of virus in the amniotic fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I haven't seen a researcher before essentially publishing all the raw data from experiments.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study is being led by \u003ca href=\"http://labs.pathology.wisc.edu/oconnor/staff/index_files/page7-1000-full.html\">Dave O'Connor\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who is also writing a \u003ca href=\"https://dholk.primate.wisc.edu/project/dho/public/Zika/public/ZIKV-003/begin.view\">running commentary\u003c/a> on the laboratory's website that frankly discusses things like the emotional impact of looking at this primate's ultrasounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor says that he can feel a moral need to do this kind of animal research and at the same time feel \"sad and heartbroken\" at what the work entails. \"I don't think those two are mutually exclusive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his colleagues have been planning these monkey experiments for months. A couple of weeks ago, when he was in Rio de Janeiro, he kept seeing pregnant women on the street. It really hit him that all of them were potentially at risk of Zika, which is suspected of causing microcephaly and other devastating birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've come to the conclusion that there is an ethical and a moral imperative to study the most relevant animal model to get the most impactful and valuable data,\" says O'Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And making sure that the data has the biggest impact is why he's releasing it right away, letting strangers follow the experiment as it happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of openness is not the norm in biology. Usually researchers would collect data, analyze it, maybe present it at a conference, and eventually submit a manuscript to a scientific journal. The findings might not get published for more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the case of a public health emergency like Zika virus, the journals are \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2016/02/10/science.aaf4545\">aware\u003c/a> that there is certain urgency to communicating the results,\" says O'Connor, \"but that process can still take weeks to months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn't want to wait. Doing the experiment publicly means that other experts can contact him and suggest changes or offer help. Plus the early results could maybe help other groups better plan their own Zika studies, so they could get results faster and use fewer animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't seen a researcher before essentially publishing all the raw data from experiments. I think that's great. That's certainly new to me,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://andersen-lab.com/people/\">Kristian Andersen\u003c/a>, a biologist at The Scripps Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, Andersen and his colleagues sequenced Ebola viruses taken from patients and made that genetic information public unusually fast — within 48 hours of generating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My take on it is that for public health emergencies like Ebola, like Zika, it's really a no-brainer,\" says Andersen. \"The data has to be made publicly available as soon as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, this kind of rapid data sharing is so new, there's a lot that isn't yet sorted out — like how to make sure scientists get proper credit for their work, even if it's not formally published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're seeing a shift, as you are in many other aspects of culture, where information can be shared much more broadly and much more quickly than it ever could before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/friedrichlab/\">Thomas Friedrich\u003c/a>, a researcher at the University of Wisconsin, Madison who is collaborating with O'Connor on the Zika experiments in monkeys. \"Part of what we're testing here is the viability of real-time public data sharing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that one recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1600651\">paper\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em> used unpublished data on Zika virus genetic sequences that had been deposited in a publicly available database. Some felt that the group in Brazil that originally obtained those sequences was not given enough credit in that publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's caused a bit of controversy within the field, partially because there are no rules about how to do that,\" Friedrich says. \"By the kind of standard rules, the researchers who wrote the paper didn't do anything wrong in taking publicly available data and doing their own analysis with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he says, there's a growing appreciation for how researchers in developing countries may not get enough credit for their contributions, and there's an obvious need to make sure that these scientists can contribute to rapidly moving science without the fear of being shortchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrich says he wouldn't want to rush into recommending that everyone go public with their experiments, but doing this monkey study out in the open seemed right to him — at least in the urgent context of the Zika outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I understand that not everyone in science is going to feel the same way,\" says Friedrich, \"and because we don't have codified rules and because we don't have established norms, the level of data sharing that each individual scientist thinks is appropriate is going to vary widely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But O'Connor hopes that if this experiment in transparency goes well, it might embolden others to follow their lead. \"We don't know how it's going to be received,\" says O'Connor, \"but trying new things and seeing what happens is important in its own right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/125438/defying-norm-scientist-reports-zika-research-in-real-time",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_125438"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_753"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_125439",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"science_518349": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_518349",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "518349",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457445633000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "stinging-scorpion-vs-pain-defying-mouse",
"title": "Stinging Scorpion vs. Pain-Defying Mouse",
"publishDate": 1457445633,
"format": "video",
"headTitle": "Stinging Scorpion vs. Pain-Defying Mouse | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 1935,
"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]There’s a chemical arms race underway in the desert along the U.S.-Mexico border. But rather than pitting two armies, it’s a showdown between a highly venomous scorpion and a particularly ferocious mouse. Research into how the scorpion’s sting became so powerful, and how the mouse tolerates it, may one day change the way that doctors treat pain in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518351\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/2-AZ-bark-scorpion-on-log-face-down_JCassidy-e1454976494604.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518351\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-518351\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/2-AZ-bark-scorpion-on-log-face-down_JCassidy-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"The Arizona bark scorpion’s preference for hanging to the underside of objects makes dangerous encounters with humans more likely.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Arizona bark scorpion’s preference for hanging to the underside of objects makes dangerous encounters with humans more likely. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Commonly found in the Sonoran Desert, the Arizona bark scorpion (\u003cem>Centruroides sculpturatus\u003c/em>) is the most dangerous scorpion in the continental United States. According to Keith Boesen, Director of the Arizona Poison & Drug Information Center, about 15,000 Americans report being stung by scorpions every year in the U.S. The worst stings, about 200 annually, are attributed to this one species. Its sting can cause sharp pain along with tingling, swelling, numbness, dizziness, shortness of breath, muscular convulsions, involuntary eye movements, coughing and vomiting. Children under two years old are especially vulnerable. Since 2000, three human deaths have been attributed to the Arizona bark scorpion in the United States, all within Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518355\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/milking-az-bark-scorpion_JCassidy-e1454976624716.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518355\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-518355\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/milking-az-bark-scorpion_JCassidy-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"A piece of wax paper is used to coax an Arizona bark scorpion into stinging\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A piece of wax paper is used to coax an Arizona bark scorpion into stinging \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/press/releases/academy-welcomes-newest-curator-appoints-new-schlinger-chair-of-arachnology\">Lauren Esposito\u003c/a>, assistant curator and chair of arachnology at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, is studying the genes responsible for the scorpion’s powerful sting. Scorpions are predators, using their pincers to grasp their prey—typically insects and other invertebrates—while the stinger incapacitates them. The sting does double duty as a painful deterrent to other predators that would like to eat the scorpion. To deal with a variety of targets, the scorpion produces a cocktail of toxins made to harm a wide range of animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/az-bark-scorpion-stinger-in-forceps_JCassidy-e1454976873394.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518357\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-518357\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/az-bark-scorpion-stinger-in-forceps_JCassidy-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"Cells in the Arizona bark scorpion’s stinger activate after stinging to produce fresh venom.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cells in the Arizona bark scorpion’s stinger activate after stinging to produce fresh venom. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Esposito’s first step to studying how the the scorpion produces such potent venom is to “milk” the scorpions by carefully coaxing them to sting a piece of wax paper in the lab. Every time the scorpion stings a target, genes in the stinger activate to induce the production of more venom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know a single scorpion can carry the genes for more than 200 unique venoms in its DNA,” said Esposito. “Studying how this venom diversity evolved helps us understand how one creature can evolve the ability to strike hundreds of specific targets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is one unlikely creature that appears unimpressed. While it may not look the part, the Southern grasshopper mouse (\u003cem>Onychomys torridus\u003c/em>) is an extremely capable hunter. It fearlessly stalks and devours any beetles or grasshoppers that have the misfortune to cross its path. But this mouse has a particular taste for scorpions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Michigan State University, Ashlee Rowe studies this evolutionary \u003ca href=\"http://venomevolution.zoology.msu.edu/\">predator-prey relationship\u003c/a>, particularly the way the mice can come away unharmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are resistant to the toxins,” said Rowe, an assistant professor of neuroscience and biology. “That’s how they’ve evolved to make their living in the desert.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518441\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/southern-grasshopper-mouse-stalks-scorpion_LayneCameronMSU-e1454976985664.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518441\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-518441\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/southern-grasshopper-mouse-stalks-scorpion_LayneCameronMSU-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"A Southern grasshopper stalks its prey.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Southern grasshopper stalks its prey. \u003ccite>(Layne Cameron/Michigan State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rowe’s lab studies the mouse’s hunting technique and the way the scorpion venom acts within the mouse. Rowe and her team filmed grasshopper mice hunting the scorpions in a controlled setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you see them attack, they are incredibly aggressive, especially if they’re hungry,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scorpion venom contains neurotoxins that target sodium and potassium ion channels, proteins embedded within the surface of the nerve and muscle cells that play an important role in regulating the sensation of pain. Activating these channels sends signals down the nerves to the brain. That’s what causes the excruciating pain that human victims have described as the feeling like getting jabbed with a hot needle. Others compare the pain to an electric shock. But the grasshopper mouse has an entirely different reaction when stung.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the mouse, a special protein in one of the sodium ion channels binds to the scorpion’s neurotoxin. Once bound, the neurotoxin is unable to activate the sodium ion channel and send the pain signal. Instead it has the entirely opposite effect. It shuts down the channel, keeping it from sending any signals, which has a numbing effect for the mouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you block those electrical signals you block pain,” Rowe said. “The mouse actually feels less pain after it’s stung. As far as we know this is unique to grasshopper mice”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518442\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-518442 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"he Southern grasshopper mouse, seen here with eyes closed for protection, is able to withstand repeated scorpion stings while subduing its prey\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Southern grasshopper mouse, seen here with eyes closed for protection, is able to withstand repeated scorpion stings while subduing its prey. \u003ccite>(Layne Cameron/Michigan State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that is what makes the grasshopper mouse such an interesting research subject, she said. The hope is that unlocking the grasshopper mouse’s mechanisms of tolerating the scorpion’s venom might one day help scientists learn to make more precise forms of painkillers for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medicines could be developed to interact with a single sodium channel in humans,” said Rowe. “Analgesics could be developed to alleviate pain without side effects.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "The Southern Grasshopper mouse's ability to tolerate scorpion venom may lead to new ways to treat pain.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1738715928,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 17,
"wordCount": 901
},
"headData": {
"title": "Stinging Scorpion vs. Pain-Defying Mouse | KQED",
"description": "The Southern Grasshopper mouse's ability to tolerate scorpion venom may lead to new ways to treat pain.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Stinging Scorpion vs. Pain-Defying Mouse",
"datePublished": "2016-03-08T06:00:33-08:00",
"dateModified": "2025-02-04T16:38:48-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"videoEmbed": "https://youtu.be/w-K_YtWqMro",
"pbsMediaId": "2365759272",
"sticky": false,
"excludeFromSiteSearch": "Include",
"articleAge": "0",
"path": "/science/518349/stinging-scorpion-vs-pain-defying-mouse",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "dl_subscribe",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There’s a chemical arms race underway in the desert along the U.S.-Mexico border. But rather than pitting two armies, it’s a showdown between a highly venomous scorpion and a particularly ferocious mouse. Research into how the scorpion’s sting became so powerful, and how the mouse tolerates it, may one day change the way that doctors treat pain in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518351\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/2-AZ-bark-scorpion-on-log-face-down_JCassidy-e1454976494604.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518351\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-518351\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/2-AZ-bark-scorpion-on-log-face-down_JCassidy-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"The Arizona bark scorpion’s preference for hanging to the underside of objects makes dangerous encounters with humans more likely.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Arizona bark scorpion’s preference for hanging to the underside of objects makes dangerous encounters with humans more likely. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Commonly found in the Sonoran Desert, the Arizona bark scorpion (\u003cem>Centruroides sculpturatus\u003c/em>) is the most dangerous scorpion in the continental United States. According to Keith Boesen, Director of the Arizona Poison & Drug Information Center, about 15,000 Americans report being stung by scorpions every year in the U.S. The worst stings, about 200 annually, are attributed to this one species. Its sting can cause sharp pain along with tingling, swelling, numbness, dizziness, shortness of breath, muscular convulsions, involuntary eye movements, coughing and vomiting. Children under two years old are especially vulnerable. Since 2000, three human deaths have been attributed to the Arizona bark scorpion in the United States, all within Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518355\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/milking-az-bark-scorpion_JCassidy-e1454976624716.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518355\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-518355\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/milking-az-bark-scorpion_JCassidy-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"A piece of wax paper is used to coax an Arizona bark scorpion into stinging\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A piece of wax paper is used to coax an Arizona bark scorpion into stinging \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/press/releases/academy-welcomes-newest-curator-appoints-new-schlinger-chair-of-arachnology\">Lauren Esposito\u003c/a>, assistant curator and chair of arachnology at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, is studying the genes responsible for the scorpion’s powerful sting. Scorpions are predators, using their pincers to grasp their prey—typically insects and other invertebrates—while the stinger incapacitates them. The sting does double duty as a painful deterrent to other predators that would like to eat the scorpion. To deal with a variety of targets, the scorpion produces a cocktail of toxins made to harm a wide range of animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/az-bark-scorpion-stinger-in-forceps_JCassidy-e1454976873394.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518357\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-518357\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/az-bark-scorpion-stinger-in-forceps_JCassidy-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"Cells in the Arizona bark scorpion’s stinger activate after stinging to produce fresh venom.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cells in the Arizona bark scorpion’s stinger activate after stinging to produce fresh venom. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Esposito’s first step to studying how the the scorpion produces such potent venom is to “milk” the scorpions by carefully coaxing them to sting a piece of wax paper in the lab. Every time the scorpion stings a target, genes in the stinger activate to induce the production of more venom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know a single scorpion can carry the genes for more than 200 unique venoms in its DNA,” said Esposito. “Studying how this venom diversity evolved helps us understand how one creature can evolve the ability to strike hundreds of specific targets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is one unlikely creature that appears unimpressed. While it may not look the part, the Southern grasshopper mouse (\u003cem>Onychomys torridus\u003c/em>) is an extremely capable hunter. It fearlessly stalks and devours any beetles or grasshoppers that have the misfortune to cross its path. But this mouse has a particular taste for scorpions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Michigan State University, Ashlee Rowe studies this evolutionary \u003ca href=\"http://venomevolution.zoology.msu.edu/\">predator-prey relationship\u003c/a>, particularly the way the mice can come away unharmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are resistant to the toxins,” said Rowe, an assistant professor of neuroscience and biology. “That’s how they’ve evolved to make their living in the desert.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518441\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/southern-grasshopper-mouse-stalks-scorpion_LayneCameronMSU-e1454976985664.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518441\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-518441\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/southern-grasshopper-mouse-stalks-scorpion_LayneCameronMSU-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"A Southern grasshopper stalks its prey.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Southern grasshopper stalks its prey. \u003ccite>(Layne Cameron/Michigan State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rowe’s lab studies the mouse’s hunting technique and the way the scorpion venom acts within the mouse. Rowe and her team filmed grasshopper mice hunting the scorpions in a controlled setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you see them attack, they are incredibly aggressive, especially if they’re hungry,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scorpion venom contains neurotoxins that target sodium and potassium ion channels, proteins embedded within the surface of the nerve and muscle cells that play an important role in regulating the sensation of pain. Activating these channels sends signals down the nerves to the brain. That’s what causes the excruciating pain that human victims have described as the feeling like getting jabbed with a hot needle. Others compare the pain to an electric shock. But the grasshopper mouse has an entirely different reaction when stung.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the mouse, a special protein in one of the sodium ion channels binds to the scorpion’s neurotoxin. Once bound, the neurotoxin is unable to activate the sodium ion channel and send the pain signal. Instead it has the entirely opposite effect. It shuts down the channel, keeping it from sending any signals, which has a numbing effect for the mouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you block those electrical signals you block pain,” Rowe said. “The mouse actually feels less pain after it’s stung. As far as we know this is unique to grasshopper mice”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_518442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-518442\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-518442 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"he Southern grasshopper mouse, seen here with eyes closed for protection, is able to withstand repeated scorpion stings while subduing its prey\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/mouse-fights-scorpion-2-Layne-CameronMSU-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Southern grasshopper mouse, seen here with eyes closed for protection, is able to withstand repeated scorpion stings while subduing its prey. \u003ccite>(Layne Cameron/Michigan State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that is what makes the grasshopper mouse such an interesting research subject, she said. The hope is that unlocking the grasshopper mouse’s mechanisms of tolerating the scorpion’s venom might one day help scientists learn to make more precise forms of painkillers for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medicines could be developed to interact with a single sodium channel in humans,” said Rowe. “Analgesics could be developed to alleviate pain without side effects.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/518349/stinging-scorpion-vs-pain-defying-mouse",
"authors": [
"6219"
],
"series": [
"science_1935"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_30",
"science_29",
"science_39",
"science_86"
],
"tags": [
"science_986",
"science_1970"
],
"featImg": "science_550867",
"label": "science_1935"
},
"futureofyou_124329": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_124329",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "124329",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457373347000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 54
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1457373347,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Watch Live: Conference on Preparing for the Zika Virus",
"title": "Watch Live: Conference on Preparing for the Zika Virus",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The University of California, San Francisco is holding a symposium today on preparing for the Zika virus. The school says topics will include epidemiology and prevention, vector biology and control, clinical management and policy, and the basic science of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of especial interest for those following progress on the diagnostic front, Dr. Charles Chiu is scheduled to speak at the 1:00 p.m. (PT) session. Chiu told KQED's Sheraz Sadiq last month he was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/04/new-6-hour-zika-test-could-be-ready-soon/\" target=\"_blank\">working on a new test to diagnose Zika in under six hours\u003c/a>. Since then, Chiu said that although he'd completed testing of the technique on blood samples, he couldn't comment on its effectiveness while the results were being peer reviewed for publication in a scientific journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch live 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueBGveH8ct8&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rapid test for Zika would be important because currently in the U.S. it can take up to three weeks from the onset of infection for test results to arrive. A faster tool for diagnosis would help public health officials to identify Zika hot spots, allow doctors to quickly inform pregnant women if they’ve been exposed, and aid in better containing the disease’s spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the symposium's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/Program-for-Zika-Symposium-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">full schedule\u003c/a>. UCSF is promoting the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/UCSFZika?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#UCSFZika\u003c/a> on Twitter.\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/UCSF/live\" target=\"_blank\"> Watch the webcast\u003c/a>, from 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., above.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "124329 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=124329",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/07/watch-live-ucsf-symposium-on-preparing-for-the-zika-virus/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 266,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1457374044,
"excerpt": "University of California and Stanford researchers discuss epidemiology, prevention, vector biology and control, clinical management and other topics.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "University of California and Stanford researchers discuss epidemiology, prevention, vector biology and control, clinical management and other topics.",
"title": "Watch Live: Conference on Preparing for the Zika Virus | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Watch Live: Conference on Preparing for the Zika Virus",
"datePublished": "2016-03-07T09:55:47-08:00",
"dateModified": "2016-03-07T10:07:24-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "watch-live-ucsf-symposium-on-preparing-for-the-zika-virus",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/124329/watch-live-ucsf-symposium-on-preparing-for-the-zika-virus",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The University of California, San Francisco is holding a symposium today on preparing for the Zika virus. The school says topics will include epidemiology and prevention, vector biology and control, clinical management and policy, and the basic science of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of especial interest for those following progress on the diagnostic front, Dr. Charles Chiu is scheduled to speak at the 1:00 p.m. (PT) session. Chiu told KQED's Sheraz Sadiq last month he was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/04/new-6-hour-zika-test-could-be-ready-soon/\" target=\"_blank\">working on a new test to diagnose Zika in under six hours\u003c/a>. Since then, Chiu said that although he'd completed testing of the technique on blood samples, he couldn't comment on its effectiveness while the results were being peer reviewed for publication in a scientific journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch live 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ueBGveH8ct8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ueBGveH8ct8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rapid test for Zika would be important because currently in the U.S. it can take up to three weeks from the onset of infection for test results to arrive. A faster tool for diagnosis would help public health officials to identify Zika hot spots, allow doctors to quickly inform pregnant women if they’ve been exposed, and aid in better containing the disease’s spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the symposium's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/Program-for-Zika-Symposium-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">full schedule\u003c/a>. UCSF is promoting the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/UCSFZika?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#UCSFZika\u003c/a> on Twitter.\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/UCSF/live\" target=\"_blank\"> Watch the webcast\u003c/a>, from 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., above.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/124329/watch-live-ucsf-symposium-on-preparing-for-the-zika-virus",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_753"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_124355",
"label": "futureofyou_54"
},
"science_560496": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_560496",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "560496",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457056148000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1457056148,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Three Zika Cases Now Confirmed in East Bay; No Public Health Threat, Say Officials",
"headTitle": "Three Zika Cases Now Confirmed in East Bay; No Public Health Threat, Say Officials | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: 4:50 p.m., Friday, 4 March 2016\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials confirmed three Zika virus cases in the East Bay today and said they post no threat to public health. Alameda County has one case and Contra Costa County has two cases; neither county is releasing further information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco health department spokeswoman Rachael Kagan said the city got confirmation of its Zika virus case on February 4, but delayed announcing it to the public because there was no health threat. The city announced the confirmed case yesterday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Story:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Health Officer Tomas Aragon says the person who tested positive for Zika virus is fully recovered, and there is no risk of transmission. Zika is transmitted when a particular species of mosquito bites a person with an active infection, and then bites another person. The \u003cem>Aedes\u003c/em> mosquito that spreads Zika has not been found in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no reason for the general public to be concerned that they are at risk for getting Zika in San Francisco at this time,” Aragon said in a statement. “Zika is not circulating in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika generally causes mild flu-like symptoms, but has been linked to a birth defect that causes babies to be born with unusually small heads. Aragon said the San Franciscan who has recovered from Zika is not pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second case of Zika virus confirmed in the Bay Area, and the third in Northern California. Napa County health officials said yesterday that a pregnant woman, who had also traveled to Central America, was confirmed positive for Zika. KQED’s State of Health \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/03/02/napa-county-reports-first-case-of-zika/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported yesterday\u003c/a> that the woman was not showing signs of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This Zika virus case is not a threat to public health. There is no active transmission of Zika virus in Napa County, and the two kinds of mosquitos that transmit the virus have not been found here,” Dr. Karen Relucio, Napa County health officer, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone who is planning to travel to a country with active Zika virus transmission should consult with their health care provider before leaving,” she said, “especially if they are pregnant or are considering becoming pregnant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa public health officials say they expect to see more Zika cases. The agency is working with local doctors to test for cases of Zika virus both in pregnant women who have traveled to countries with Zika virus or who have sexual partners who have traveled to these countries.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 426,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1704930533,
"excerpt": "This is the second case of Zika virus confirmed in the Bay Area and the third in Northern California. All three people had traveled internationally.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "This is the second case of Zika virus confirmed in the Bay Area and the third in Northern California. All three people had traveled internationally.",
"title": "Three Zika Cases Now Confirmed in East Bay; No Public Health Threat, Say Officials | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Three Zika Cases Now Confirmed in East Bay; No Public Health Threat, Say Officials",
"datePublished": "2016-03-03T17:49:08-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:48:53-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "zika-case-confirmed-in-san-francisco-health-officials-say-theres-no-risk-to-the-public",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "KQED Science",
"path": "/science/560496/zika-case-confirmed-in-san-francisco-health-officials-say-theres-no-risk-to-the-public",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: 4:50 p.m., Friday, 4 March 2016\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials confirmed three Zika virus cases in the East Bay today and said they post no threat to public health. Alameda County has one case and Contra Costa County has two cases; neither county is releasing further information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco health department spokeswoman Rachael Kagan said the city got confirmation of its Zika virus case on February 4, but delayed announcing it to the public because there was no health threat. The city announced the confirmed case yesterday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Story:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Health Officer Tomas Aragon says the person who tested positive for Zika virus is fully recovered, and there is no risk of transmission. Zika is transmitted when a particular species of mosquito bites a person with an active infection, and then bites another person. The \u003cem>Aedes\u003c/em> mosquito that spreads Zika has not been found in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no reason for the general public to be concerned that they are at risk for getting Zika in San Francisco at this time,” Aragon said in a statement. “Zika is not circulating in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika generally causes mild flu-like symptoms, but has been linked to a birth defect that causes babies to be born with unusually small heads. Aragon said the San Franciscan who has recovered from Zika is not pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second case of Zika virus confirmed in the Bay Area, and the third in Northern California. Napa County health officials said yesterday that a pregnant woman, who had also traveled to Central America, was confirmed positive for Zika. KQED’s State of Health \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/03/02/napa-county-reports-first-case-of-zika/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported yesterday\u003c/a> that the woman was not showing signs of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This Zika virus case is not a threat to public health. There is no active transmission of Zika virus in Napa County, and the two kinds of mosquitos that transmit the virus have not been found here,” Dr. Karen Relucio, Napa County health officer, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone who is planning to travel to a country with active Zika virus transmission should consult with their health care provider before leaving,” she said, “especially if they are pregnant or are considering becoming pregnant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa public health officials say they expect to see more Zika cases. The agency is working with local doctors to test for cases of Zika virus both in pregnant women who have traveled to countries with Zika virus or who have sexual partners who have traveled to these countries.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/560496/zika-case-confirmed-in-san-francisco-health-officials-say-theres-no-risk-to-the-public",
"authors": [
"235"
],
"categories": [
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_856",
"science_5183",
"science_2926"
],
"featImg": "science_558723",
"label": "source_science_560496"
},
"futureofyou_122207": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_122207",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "122207",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1457026479000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 54
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1457026479,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Getting Motivated Using Feedback From Brain",
"title": "Getting Motivated Using Feedback From Brain",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>We know we should put the cigarettes away or make use of that gym membership but in the moment, we just don't do it. There is a cluster of neurons in our brain critical for motivation, though. What if you could hack them to motivate yourself?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Some people sang Queen songs to themselves or imagined having an angry coach yell at them.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These neurons are located in the middle of the brain, in a region called the ventral tegmental area. A paper published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Neuron\u003c/em> suggests that we can activate the region with a little bit of training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers stuck 73 people into an fMRI, a scanner that can detect what part of the brain is most active, and focused on that area associated with motivation. When the researchers said, motivate yourself and make this part of your brain light up, people couldn't really do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They weren't that reliable when we said, 'Go! Get psyched. Turn on your VTA,' \" says \u003ca href=\"https://web.duke.edu/adcocklab/people_files/people.html\">Dr. Alison Adcock\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at Duke and senior author on the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when the participants were allowed to watch a neurofeedback meter that displayed activity in their ventral tegmental area. When activity ramps up, the participants see the meter heat up while they're in the fMRI tube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your whole mind is allowed to speak to a specific part of your brain in a way you never imagined before. Then you get feedback that helps you discover how to turn that part of the brain up or down,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://mcgovern.mit.edu/principal-investigators/john-gabrieli\">John Gabrieli\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who was not involved with the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using an fMRI for this kind of brain feedback is more effective than other, older tools like placing electrodes on the skull or EEG, Gabrieli says. \"MRI lets you target a specific brain system or structure. EEG does not. When we're measuring electrical activity, we don't know really where it's coming from.\" He says he hasn't seen compelling evidence that EEG feedback, which is commercially available, has helped people change their behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the researchers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.neuro.duke.edu/people/students-and-postdocs/kathryn-dickerson\">Kathryn Dickerson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.neuro.duke.edu/people/students-and-postdocs/jeff-macinnes\">Jeff MacInnes\u003c/a>, tried the system out on themselves. Not everything worked. Dickerson said she tried thinking about different memories that left the feedback meter cold. \"Zip lining was super fun, but [thinking about that] was just terrible and not effective at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she switched strategies and tried giving herself a pep talk in the scanner. \"I was like, 'Come on Katie. Move the thermometer. Just do it and move it.' And I just pumped myself up. That was very effective,\" she says. \"It was exhilarating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was also exhausting, MacInnes says. \"The experience of the task was very difficult. You're being asked to generate these intense motivational states for 20 seconds over multiple periods. It was very fatiguing for people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study participants had a similar experience, Adcock says. Some people sang Queen songs to themselves or imagined having an angry coach yell at them. \"My personal favorite was running down a line with everyone giving you high fives,\" Adcock says. When she took the feedback meter away, the participants were still able to light up their ventral tegmental area by thinking about the same things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People really are changing their mood when they're doing this, Adcock thinks. They're really becoming more focused and eager. And it seems the effect begins reaching out to parts of the brain involved with learning and memory,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that's exciting because it shows after this training, something changed, Dickerson says. \"The brain isn't quite the same.\" She thinks people might be achieving a state of mind that's more conducive to learning and motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that's true, it would be extraordinarily useful, Gabrieli says. Using MRIs to exert control over certain parts of our brain has been done before, he says. \"[But this] is the first study to show it can be applied to the most important brain structure for human motivation. That could be very valuable for things people want to accomplish in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or it might be applied to habits that are really hard to start or break, Gabrieli says. \"The hugely exciting piece of this is whether now people can use this upcoming research to gain control of behaviors that are challenging,\" he says. \"Healthy habits, eating habits, stopping to smoke and can a person with addiction use this successfully?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it might someday be a clinical tool. For instance, this particular cluster of neurons in the midbrain is part of the dopamine system. Adcock thinks activating them in this way might also be releasing dopamine that could replace drug therapy for certain disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In ADHD, for example, we use stimulants that result in the same kind of release of brain chemicals,\" Adcock says. \"Does this technique generate that same kind of release of dopamine that a stimulant does? If we teach people to use it successfully, we could impact attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nobody knows if this actually changes brain chemistry. MacInnes says there are more experiments and tests they need to see if the brain activation they're seeing actually does release dopamine or other neurochemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if it does, Adcock says it's definitely not affecting neurochemicals as much as a medication like Adderall, which is used to treat ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Adcock didn't study if anyone actually changed their behavior after the sessions in the MRI yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the study, people have been trying the same strategies to motivate themselves in their daily lives, according to Adcock. If it's working, brain training in an MRI might be a way for us to tap into our mind's circuitry for willpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, Gabrieli says, would be terrific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Could+You+Hack+Your+Brain+To+Get+More+Motivated%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "122207 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=122207",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/03/getting-motivated-using-feedback-from-brain/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 979,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1476935213,
"excerpt": "Volunteers learned to activate a part of the brain linked to motivation when they got feedback from an MRI. But can it help change habits?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Volunteers learned to activate a part of the brain linked to motivation when they got feedback from an MRI. But can it help change habits?",
"title": "Getting Motivated Using Feedback From Brain | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Getting Motivated Using Feedback From Brain",
"datePublished": "2016-03-03T09:34:39-08:00",
"dateModified": "2016-10-19T20:46:53-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "getting-motivated-using-feedback-from-brain",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=469033034&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Angus Chen\u003cbr/>NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 03 Mar 2016 12:04:40 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 03 Mar 2016 12:04:40 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/03/469033034/could-you-hack-your-brain-to-get-more-motivated?ft=nprml&f=469033034",
"nprImageAgency": "Getty Images/Ikon Images",
"nprImageCredit": "Gary Waters",
"nprStoryId": "469033034",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 03 Mar 2016 12:04:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/122207/getting-motivated-using-feedback-from-brain",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We know we should put the cigarettes away or make use of that gym membership but in the moment, we just don't do it. There is a cluster of neurons in our brain critical for motivation, though. What if you could hack them to motivate yourself?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Some people sang Queen songs to themselves or imagined having an angry coach yell at them.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These neurons are located in the middle of the brain, in a region called the ventral tegmental area. A paper published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Neuron\u003c/em> suggests that we can activate the region with a little bit of training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers stuck 73 people into an fMRI, a scanner that can detect what part of the brain is most active, and focused on that area associated with motivation. When the researchers said, motivate yourself and make this part of your brain light up, people couldn't really do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They weren't that reliable when we said, 'Go! Get psyched. Turn on your VTA,' \" says \u003ca href=\"https://web.duke.edu/adcocklab/people_files/people.html\">Dr. Alison Adcock\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at Duke and senior author on the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when the participants were allowed to watch a neurofeedback meter that displayed activity in their ventral tegmental area. When activity ramps up, the participants see the meter heat up while they're in the fMRI tube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your whole mind is allowed to speak to a specific part of your brain in a way you never imagined before. Then you get feedback that helps you discover how to turn that part of the brain up or down,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://mcgovern.mit.edu/principal-investigators/john-gabrieli\">John Gabrieli\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who was not involved with the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using an fMRI for this kind of brain feedback is more effective than other, older tools like placing electrodes on the skull or EEG, Gabrieli says. \"MRI lets you target a specific brain system or structure. EEG does not. When we're measuring electrical activity, we don't know really where it's coming from.\" He says he hasn't seen compelling evidence that EEG feedback, which is commercially available, has helped people change their behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the researchers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.neuro.duke.edu/people/students-and-postdocs/kathryn-dickerson\">Kathryn Dickerson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.neuro.duke.edu/people/students-and-postdocs/jeff-macinnes\">Jeff MacInnes\u003c/a>, tried the system out on themselves. Not everything worked. Dickerson said she tried thinking about different memories that left the feedback meter cold. \"Zip lining was super fun, but [thinking about that] was just terrible and not effective at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she switched strategies and tried giving herself a pep talk in the scanner. \"I was like, 'Come on Katie. Move the thermometer. Just do it and move it.' And I just pumped myself up. That was very effective,\" she says. \"It was exhilarating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was also exhausting, MacInnes says. \"The experience of the task was very difficult. You're being asked to generate these intense motivational states for 20 seconds over multiple periods. It was very fatiguing for people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study participants had a similar experience, Adcock says. Some people sang Queen songs to themselves or imagined having an angry coach yell at them. \"My personal favorite was running down a line with everyone giving you high fives,\" Adcock says. When she took the feedback meter away, the participants were still able to light up their ventral tegmental area by thinking about the same things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People really are changing their mood when they're doing this, Adcock thinks. They're really becoming more focused and eager. And it seems the effect begins reaching out to parts of the brain involved with learning and memory,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that's exciting because it shows after this training, something changed, Dickerson says. \"The brain isn't quite the same.\" She thinks people might be achieving a state of mind that's more conducive to learning and motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that's true, it would be extraordinarily useful, Gabrieli says. Using MRIs to exert control over certain parts of our brain has been done before, he says. \"[But this] is the first study to show it can be applied to the most important brain structure for human motivation. That could be very valuable for things people want to accomplish in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or it might be applied to habits that are really hard to start or break, Gabrieli says. \"The hugely exciting piece of this is whether now people can use this upcoming research to gain control of behaviors that are challenging,\" he says. \"Healthy habits, eating habits, stopping to smoke and can a person with addiction use this successfully?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it might someday be a clinical tool. For instance, this particular cluster of neurons in the midbrain is part of the dopamine system. Adcock thinks activating them in this way might also be releasing dopamine that could replace drug therapy for certain disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In ADHD, for example, we use stimulants that result in the same kind of release of brain chemicals,\" Adcock says. \"Does this technique generate that same kind of release of dopamine that a stimulant does? If we teach people to use it successfully, we could impact attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nobody knows if this actually changes brain chemistry. MacInnes says there are more experiments and tests they need to see if the brain activation they're seeing actually does release dopamine or other neurochemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if it does, Adcock says it's definitely not affecting neurochemicals as much as a medication like Adderall, which is used to treat ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Adcock didn't study if anyone actually changed their behavior after the sessions in the MRI yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the study, people have been trying the same strategies to motivate themselves in their daily lives, according to Adcock. If it's working, brain training in an MRI might be a way for us to tap into our mind's circuitry for willpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, Gabrieli says, would be terrific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Could+You+Hack+Your+Brain+To+Get+More+Motivated%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/122207/getting-motivated-using-feedback-from-brain",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_122207"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_122208",
"label": "futureofyou_54"
},
"futureofyou_121640": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_121640",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "121640",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1456965243000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 54
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1456965243,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Yes, Even CRISPR Pioneer Jennifer Doudna Experiences Gender Bias",
"title": "Yes, Even CRISPR Pioneer Jennifer Doudna Experiences Gender Bias",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>A Google search for the exact phrase \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=%22barriers+to+women+in+science%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">barriers to women in science\u003c/a>\" brings up 85,000 results. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=%22barriers+for+women+in+science%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barriers for women in science\u003c/a>\" fetches another 30k and change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling.\"\u003ccite>Jennifer Doudna\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here's a 2010 \u003ca href=\"http://www.aauw.org/files/2013/02/Why-So-Few-Women-in-Science-Technology-Engineering-and-Mathematics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from the American Association of University Women that found negative stereotypes contributing to implicit bias against females in the STEM fields. This 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> found 70 percent of female scientist trainees doing fieldwork had experienced sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So no, it's not a new concept. And yet, it was still a little unnerving to hear someone as prestigious as Jennifer Doudna -- a pioneer of the gene-editing technique CRISPR whom \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/science/jennifer-doudna-crispr-cas9-genetic-engineering.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times\u003c/a> said \"helped make one of the most monumental discoveries in biology\" -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201602151000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">say on KQED Forum recently\u003c/a> that she, too, was hitting the proverbial glass ceiling. When asked if she'd ever experienced gender discrimination, she told host Michael Krasny:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"This topic comes up a lot and I have to say, earlier in my career, honestly, I never gave it a thought. I didn't think about my gender, I pursued my passion for science and research. But I do have to tell you, as I've gone on in my career, particularly the last 10 years or so, I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling. I don't think it's always intentional bias, but ... I do experience bias against women in some settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that what we're seeing is that it's very difficult for women to break into the top echelons of leadership in science. I'm not talking so much here about university leadership, but more leadership in the highest levels of public policy and the government, as well as in company board rooms.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247244078\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Overcoming Bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doudna is not alone. Last month, a panel at the Women in Science Summit in San Francisco shared personal experiences of gender discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All along the way I would hear about my opportunities in science,\" said oceanographer Anne Russell. \"For example, ‘You could marry this guy, he’s a really good hydrologist.' [Or] you’d be talking to someone about your ideas and then he puts his arm around you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell now runs her own lab. But she is still aware of the potential for being minimized. When the press covers her research, she said, she makes sure she is the one piloting the boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn Wright, chief scientist at the Environmental System Research Institute, said she was once on a months-long expedition at sea where she was one of five women on board, and the only woman of color. Despite her trepidation, she became friends with a male oil driller who had never worked with an African-American, let alone one who was a female scientist. She urged her colleagues, outnumbered in the male-dominated sciences, to persevere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is peril out there; we can't avoid it,\" she said. \"But there are really, really good things that can come from it as well if we continue to be courageous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally there was Jonathan Eisen, a microbiologist at the University of California, Davis who has become an outspoken critic on social media of the lack of diversity at scientific conferences. He said his awareness about barriers to women's participation started when he saw a nanny watching a baby outside a scientific conference; she'd been hired so the infant's mother could attend the conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was literally one of those light bulb epiphany moments where my privilege in my life came front and center to me, because it had never occurred to me to that this would be an issue for anybody,” Eisen said. “I changed on that day from being an oblivious, privileged person to being a little less oblivious, privileged person,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "121640 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=121640",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/02/yes-even-crispr-pioneer-jennifer-doudna-experiences-gender-bias/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 717,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1508352153,
"excerpt": "\"I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling.\"",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": ""I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling."",
"title": "Yes, Even CRISPR Pioneer Jennifer Doudna Experiences Gender Bias | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Yes, Even CRISPR Pioneer Jennifer Doudna Experiences Gender Bias",
"datePublished": "2016-03-02T16:34:03-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-10-18T11:42:33-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "yes-even-crispr-pioneer-jennifer-doudna-experiences-gender-bias",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Lisa Marie Potter and Jon Brooks",
"path": "/futureofyou/121640/yes-even-crispr-pioneer-jennifer-doudna-experiences-gender-bias",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Google search for the exact phrase \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=%22barriers+to+women+in+science%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">barriers to women in science\u003c/a>\" brings up 85,000 results. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=%22barriers+for+women+in+science%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barriers for women in science\u003c/a>\" fetches another 30k and change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling.\"\u003ccite>Jennifer Doudna\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here's a 2010 \u003ca href=\"http://www.aauw.org/files/2013/02/Why-So-Few-Women-in-Science-Technology-Engineering-and-Mathematics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from the American Association of University Women that found negative stereotypes contributing to implicit bias against females in the STEM fields. This 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> found 70 percent of female scientist trainees doing fieldwork had experienced sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So no, it's not a new concept. And yet, it was still a little unnerving to hear someone as prestigious as Jennifer Doudna -- a pioneer of the gene-editing technique CRISPR whom \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/science/jennifer-doudna-crispr-cas9-genetic-engineering.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times\u003c/a> said \"helped make one of the most monumental discoveries in biology\" -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201602151000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">say on KQED Forum recently\u003c/a> that she, too, was hitting the proverbial glass ceiling. When asked if she'd ever experienced gender discrimination, she told host Michael Krasny:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"This topic comes up a lot and I have to say, earlier in my career, honestly, I never gave it a thought. I didn't think about my gender, I pursued my passion for science and research. But I do have to tell you, as I've gone on in my career, particularly the last 10 years or so, I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling. I don't think it's always intentional bias, but ... I do experience bias against women in some settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that what we're seeing is that it's very difficult for women to break into the top echelons of leadership in science. I'm not talking so much here about university leadership, but more leadership in the highest levels of public policy and the government, as well as in company board rooms.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247244078&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247244078'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Overcoming Bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doudna is not alone. Last month, a panel at the Women in Science Summit in San Francisco shared personal experiences of gender discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All along the way I would hear about my opportunities in science,\" said oceanographer Anne Russell. \"For example, ‘You could marry this guy, he’s a really good hydrologist.' [Or] you’d be talking to someone about your ideas and then he puts his arm around you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell now runs her own lab. But she is still aware of the potential for being minimized. When the press covers her research, she said, she makes sure she is the one piloting the boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn Wright, chief scientist at the Environmental System Research Institute, said she was once on a months-long expedition at sea where she was one of five women on board, and the only woman of color. Despite her trepidation, she became friends with a male oil driller who had never worked with an African-American, let alone one who was a female scientist. She urged her colleagues, outnumbered in the male-dominated sciences, to persevere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is peril out there; we can't avoid it,\" she said. \"But there are really, really good things that can come from it as well if we continue to be courageous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally there was Jonathan Eisen, a microbiologist at the University of California, Davis who has become an outspoken critic on social media of the lack of diversity at scientific conferences. He said his awareness about barriers to women's participation started when he saw a nanny watching a baby outside a scientific conference; she'd been hired so the infant's mother could attend the conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was literally one of those light bulb epiphany moments where my privilege in my life came front and center to me, because it had never occurred to me to that this would be an issue for anybody,” Eisen said. “I changed on that day from being an oblivious, privileged person to being a little less oblivious, privileged person,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/121640/yes-even-crispr-pioneer-jennifer-doudna-experiences-gender-bias",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_121640"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_94",
"futureofyou_791",
"futureofyou_790",
"futureofyou_270",
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_341963",
"label": "futureofyou_54"
},
"stateofhealth_155876": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_155876",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "155876",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1456958357000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "napa-county-reports-first-case-of-zika",
"title": "Pregnant Napa County Woman Positive for Zika Virus",
"publishDate": 1456958357,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Pregnant Napa County Woman Positive for Zika Virus | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"content": "\u003cp>A pregnant woman in Napa has been confirmed positive for the Zika virus, the Napa County Public Health Division reported Wednesday. The agency received the confirmation from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman, whom officials did not identify, had traveled to Central America in the last three months, and is not showing signs of Zika infection at present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Zika virus case is not a threat to public health. There is no active transmission of Zika virus in Napa County, and the two kinds of mosquitos that transmit the virus have not been found here,” Dr. Karen Relucio, Napa County health officer, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone who is planning to travel to a country with active Zika virus transmission should consult with their health care provider before leaving,” she said, “especially if they are pregnant or are considering becoming pregnant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa public health officials say they expect to see more Zika cases. The agency is working with local doctors to test for cases of Zika virus both in pregnant women who have traveled to countries with Zika virus or who have sexual partners who have traveled to these countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its press release, Napa County Public Health stressed prevention:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant are advised to avoid travel to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/active-countries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">areas with Zika\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Women who are pregnant and have sexual partner(s) that have traveled to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/active-countries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">areas with Zika\u003c/a> are advised to abstain from sex or use condoms consistently for the duration of the pregnancy.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pregnant women or sexual partner(s) of pregnant women who cannot avoid travel to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/active-countries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">areas with Zika\u003c/a> are advised to take precautions to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/pdfs/fs_mosquito_bite_prevention_travelers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">avoid mosquito bites\u003c/a> (This information is also available in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/fs_mosquito_bite_prevention_travelers_spanish.pdf\">Spanish\u003c/a>).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, there has been\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/article59651061.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> one other reported case \u003c/a>of Zika, in a person who had recently traveled internationally. The person is a Yolo County resident. Statewide, there have been\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/TravelAssociatedCasesofZikaVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> six confirmed Zika cases\u003c/a> so far this year, but a spokesman for the state’s Department of Public Health said he could not confirm the location of each case, for privacy reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika is an illness caused by the Zika virus, and it’s spread mostly through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. While these mosquitos are found in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/AedesDistributionMap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they are not widespread.\u003c/a> Common symptoms include fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis or red eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S. 107 people have contracted Zika after they traveled to a country where the virus is present, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CDC reports\u003c/a> that there are no cases of people in the U.S. who have acquired Zika from a mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika was first discovered in 1947 in Uganda and then spread through tropical Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2015, Brazil had its first confirmed case of Zika. It spread dramatically through South America, Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. On Feb. 1, the World Health Organization declared Zika a “\u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/emergency-committee-zika-microcephaly/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public health emergency of international concern.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Zika is a relatively mild illness, it appears to put pregnant women at increased risk of their baby having microcephaly, a birth defect where the baby has a small head. Zika is also associated with increased risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome, an immune system disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more information about Zika \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on this page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "It appears to be the first case in the Bay Area. The only other reported case in Northern California was in Yolo County.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721108566,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 15,
"wordCount": 582
},
"headData": {
"title": "Pregnant Napa County Woman Positive for Zika Virus",
"description": "It appears to be the first case in the Bay Area. The only other reported case in Northern California was in Yolo County.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Pregnant Napa County Woman Positive for Zika Virus",
"datePublished": "2016-03-02T14:39:17-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-15T22:42:46-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"sticky": false,
"path": "/stateofhealth/155876/napa-county-reports-first-case-of-zika",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A pregnant woman in Napa has been confirmed positive for the Zika virus, the Napa County Public Health Division reported Wednesday. The agency received the confirmation from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman, whom officials did not identify, had traveled to Central America in the last three months, and is not showing signs of Zika infection at present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Zika virus case is not a threat to public health. There is no active transmission of Zika virus in Napa County, and the two kinds of mosquitos that transmit the virus have not been found here,” Dr. Karen Relucio, Napa County health officer, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone who is planning to travel to a country with active Zika virus transmission should consult with their health care provider before leaving,” she said, “especially if they are pregnant or are considering becoming pregnant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa public health officials say they expect to see more Zika cases. The agency is working with local doctors to test for cases of Zika virus both in pregnant women who have traveled to countries with Zika virus or who have sexual partners who have traveled to these countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its press release, Napa County Public Health stressed prevention:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant are advised to avoid travel to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/active-countries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">areas with Zika\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Women who are pregnant and have sexual partner(s) that have traveled to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/active-countries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">areas with Zika\u003c/a> are advised to abstain from sex or use condoms consistently for the duration of the pregnancy.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pregnant women or sexual partner(s) of pregnant women who cannot avoid travel to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/active-countries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">areas with Zika\u003c/a> are advised to take precautions to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/pdfs/fs_mosquito_bite_prevention_travelers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">avoid mosquito bites\u003c/a> (This information is also available in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/fs_mosquito_bite_prevention_travelers_spanish.pdf\">Spanish\u003c/a>).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, there has been\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/article59651061.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> one other reported case \u003c/a>of Zika, in a person who had recently traveled internationally. The person is a Yolo County resident. Statewide, there have been\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/TravelAssociatedCasesofZikaVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> six confirmed Zika cases\u003c/a> so far this year, but a spokesman for the state’s Department of Public Health said he could not confirm the location of each case, for privacy reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika is an illness caused by the Zika virus, and it’s spread mostly through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. While these mosquitos are found in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/AedesDistributionMap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they are not widespread.\u003c/a> Common symptoms include fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis or red eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S. 107 people have contracted Zika after they traveled to a country where the virus is present, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CDC reports\u003c/a> that there are no cases of people in the U.S. who have acquired Zika from a mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika was first discovered in 1947 in Uganda and then spread through tropical Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2015, Brazil had its first confirmed case of Zika. It spread dramatically through South America, Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. On Feb. 1, the World Health Organization declared Zika a “\u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/emergency-committee-zika-microcephaly/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public health emergency of international concern.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Zika is a relatively mild illness, it appears to put pregnant women at increased risk of their baby having microcephaly, a birth defect where the baby has a small head. Zika is also associated with increased risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome, an immune system disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more information about Zika \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on this page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/155876/napa-county-reports-first-case-of-zika",
"authors": [
"240"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_2519",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_2653"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_155877",
"label": "stateofhealth"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=health": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 756,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 1297,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"futureofyou_128287",
"futureofyou_126635",
"futureofyou_126530",
"futureofyou_125049",
"futureofyou_125023",
"futureofyou_125438",
"science_518349",
"futureofyou_124329",
"science_560496",
"futureofyou_122207",
"futureofyou_121640",
"stateofhealth_155876"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_health": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"source_science_560496": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_560496",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"isLoading": false
},
"futureofyou_54": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_54",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "54",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Future of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "program",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Future of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 54,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/program/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_1062": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1062",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1062",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1062,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "FDA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "FDA Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 38,
"slug": "fda",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/fda"
},
"futureofyou_80": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_80",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 80,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"
},
"futureofyou_804": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_804",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "804",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "stents",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "stents Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 804,
"slug": "stents",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/stents"
},
"futureofyou_753": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_753",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "753",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Zika virus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Zika virus Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 753,
"slug": "zika-virus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/zika-virus"
},
"futureofyou_1": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_73": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"
},
"futureofyou_999": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_999",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "999",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Alzheimer's",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Alzheimer's Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 999,
"slug": "alzheimers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/alzheimers"
},
"futureofyou_800": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_800",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "800",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Nancy Reagan",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Nancy Reagan Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 800,
"slug": "nancy-reagan",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/nancy-reagan"
},
"futureofyou_801": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_801",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "801",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "stem cell",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "stem cell Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 801,
"slug": "stem-cell",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/stem-cell"
},
"futureofyou_1060": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1060",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1060",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1060,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_285": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_285",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "285",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "mobile apps",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "mobile apps Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 285,
"slug": "mobile-apps",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/mobile-apps"
},
"science_1935": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1935",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1935",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Deep Look",
"description": "[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpAc7SyETD4?rel=0&w=640&h=360]\r\n\r\n\u003cbr/>\r\n\r\n\u003ch2>About Deep Look\u003c/h2>\r\n\r\n[dl_subscribe]\r\n\r\n\u003cp>See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small with Deep Look, a new ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios.\u003c/p>\r\n\r\n\u003cp>Don't miss an episode! \u003ca href=\"http://goo.gl/8NwXqt\">SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look on YouTube.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\r\n",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpAc7SyETD4?rel=0&w=640&h=360] About Deep Look [dl_subscribe] See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small with Deep Look, a new ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. Don't miss an episode! SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look on YouTube.",
"title": "Deep Look Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1946,
"slug": "deep-look",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/deep-look"
},
"science_2874": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2874",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2874",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2874,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/animals"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_29": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_29",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "29",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 31,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/chemistry"
},
"science_86": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_86",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "86",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Video",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Video Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 89,
"slug": "video",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/video"
},
"science_986": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_986",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "986",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "california academy of sciences",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "california academy of sciences Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 993,
"slug": "california-academy-of-sciences",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california-academy-of-sciences"
},
"science_1970": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1970",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1970",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "deep look",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "deep look Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1981,
"slug": "deep-look-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/deep-look-2"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_856": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_856",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "856",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bay area",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bay area Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 862,
"slug": "bay-area",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/bay-area"
},
"science_5183": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5183",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5183",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "San Francisco",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "San Francisco Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5183,
"slug": "san-francisco",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/san-francisco"
},
"science_2926": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2926",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2926",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "virus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "virus Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2926,
"slug": "virus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/virus"
},
"futureofyou_1061": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1061",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1061",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Brain on Tech",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Brain on Tech Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1061,
"slug": "your-brain-on-tech",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/your-brain-on-tech"
},
"futureofyou_94": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_94",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "94",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "CRISPR",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "CRISPR Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 94,
"slug": "crispr",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/crispr"
},
"futureofyou_791": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_791",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "791",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "gender discrimination",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "gender discrimination Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 791,
"slug": "gender-discrimination",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/gender-discrimination"
},
"futureofyou_790": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_790",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "790",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Jennifer Doudna",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Jennifer Doudna Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 790,
"slug": "jennifer-doudna",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/jennifer-doudna"
},
"futureofyou_270": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_270",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "270",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqednews",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqednews Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 270,
"slug": "kqednews",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqednews"
},
"stateofhealth_11": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_11",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "11",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Community Health",
"description": "\r\n\r\nFrom rural California to urban neighborhoods, where you live affects your health",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "From rural California to urban neighborhoods, where you live affects your health",
"title": "Community Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11,
"slug": "place-matters",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/category/place-matters"
},
"stateofhealth_2519": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_2519",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "2519",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2528,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/news"
},
"stateofhealth_461": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_461",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "461",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 462,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/science"
},
"stateofhealth_2653": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_2653",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "2653",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Zika",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Zika Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2662,
"slug": "zika",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/zika"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
