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"content": "\u003cp>Contra Costa County’s health services is offering \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/walk-in-vaccine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">walk-in coronavirus vaccinations\u003c/a> at eight vaccination sites in five cities: Richmond, Concord, Bay Point, Brentwood and Pittsburg. The vaccinations are offered during specific hours on a first-come, first-served basis, with no appointment required, and some of the clinics are temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All hours and locations are listed on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/walk-in-vaccine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">county website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county chose the walk-in locations in areas where COVID-19 has hit hard or where low vaccination rates have been logged, said Brittany Paris, a spokesperson for Contra Costa Health Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county also has community ambassadors canvassing these communities, offering vaccine information and sign-up help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walk-in vaccinations are provided on the honor system to anyone who lives or works in Contra Costa County and is 16 or older. People under 18 must have a parent or guardian with them or available to contact by phone during the vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county will also offer mobile clinics in Concord and Bay Point next week where no appointments are required, staffed by the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services in partnership with Contra Costa and Alameda counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mobile clinics will offer vaccinations from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Thursday, at the Meadow Homes Elementary School at 1371 Detroit Ave. in Concord, and the Ambrose Recreation Center at 3105 Willow Pass Road in Bay Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than 69% of the county’s eligible residents have now received at least one vaccine dose, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/vaccine-dashboard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data\u003c/a> from Contra Costa Health Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>— \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CosmologicalKat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Katrin Snow\u003c/a> and Bay City News\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>This week, news of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11871298/bay-area-man-treated-for-rare-blood-clot-after-receiving-jj-vaccine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rare blood clot\u003c/a> in a patient at UCSF, after he received the Johnson & Johnson coronavirus vaccine, brought this very small risk close to home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The chance of developing these blood clots is tiny \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> only 2 in 1 million. And UCSF reported Monday that the patient is doing well and expected to go home in a few days. Still, knowing there is a risk at all is upsetting and confusing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts agree Johnson & Johnson is still a great vaccine. \u003ca href=\"https://www.susanaramirez.net/\">\u003cb>Professor Susana Ramírez\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a UC Merced expert in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.communicationculturehealth.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">communication, culture and public health\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, recently shared some guidelines with KQED’s \u003c/span>Raquel Maria Dillon\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> about how to evaluate risks around these vaccines. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There have been 16 of these rare blood clot cases out of about 8 million Johnson & Johnson doses given out in the U.S. Can you put that overall risk of this vaccine in context for us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Susana Ramírez: \u003c/span>\u003c/i>The extraordinarily rare events that we are seeing, with these blood clotting disorders are tragic and sad, but they’re extremely rare. But the potential to be infected with the coronavirus is much higher than the potential to get one of these severe side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As humans, we really want to avoid bad outcomes. And so it’s really easy for us to focus on the negative outcomes that we might be hearing about, even when those outcomes are so very rare. And the risks from the coronavirus are not so obvious. Some people get very sick and they are hospitalized, and some people die, but other people may not get a very significant disease. I think what we need to focus on is the relative risk here is much lower for side effects than of getting the actual coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We’ve heard from our audience that they have concerns that the J&J shot is for homeless people or people who don’t have time to come back for a second shot. They’re basically worried it’s a lower quality option. How do you address that? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Ramírez\u003c/i>: I think the very most important fact to remember is that all three of the vaccines that are available to people in the United States have incredibly high efficacy rates. The very best vaccine is the one that you can get in your arm as soon as possible.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three of these vaccines have prevented serious hospitalization and death from this disease. And that’s the worst case, right? That’s the worst-case outcome. And all three of these vaccines are effective at preventing those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>But the problem with trying to compare [efficacy rates] is that these three vaccines were developed at different times, and they were developed and tested with essentially different groups of people. The Moderna and Pfizer vaccines were tested really at the early end of the pandemic over a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The J&J clinical trials finished very recently. And by that time, we’d been engaging in behavioral measures like wearing masks and social distancing. So those things had been in place for months when the J&J vaccine was tested. So we were a different population, and the disease itself was different by this point. We had more variants that were circulating. And so it was really tested under very different conditions. So there’s not an apples to apples comparison that you can do, although it’s tempting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, even though we see a lower effectiveness, it’s really among a disease that had evolved and changed and adapted to our conditions. And so the fact that the vaccine is still effective in that context, I think is a real strength and plus in the J&J column. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I don’t think by any stretch of the imagination that we should think about it as a lesser kind of vaccine. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I think that there is definitely a kernel of truth to the idea that folks are talking about the two-dose vaccines, the Pfizer and Moderna, being for more privileged people. You have to have certain privileges like a flexible job, transportation to the vaccination site twice, a stable residence and a phone number to make those follow-up appointments, and then the ability to take some time off if you’re not feeling well after the vaccine. But that doesn’t make any of the vaccines better from a disease prevention perspective. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Are you concerned that the appeal of the J&J shot — convenience — might not be enough to convince people to get it at this point? And what would that mean for getting to herd immunity, which is the broader societal goal? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Ramírez\u003c/i>: You’re absolutely right. The number one goal is we want everybody to get a vaccine as soon as possible. We need to think about really messaging on that convenience. I think there are people like me who are terrified of needles. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We would prefer just having to go one time. And that convenience — it’s not just about the needle. You have to take time off to get the vaccine. We may have localized side effects, which is not a big deal. But if you’re feeling kind of yucky or you have a headache, you don’t really want to go back to work the next day. And so that would be twice that you have to do that for the other two vaccines. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So the convenience of a one-shot vaccine is really something that we need to be talking up and selling because it’s a big deal. It’s a positive condition of this particular vaccine.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In my opinion, I don’t see a clear clinical reason to prefer one vaccine over another vaccine. So it’s really about the convenience.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> I think people want to make rational decisions, especially when it comes to their health, but there are a lot of numbers being thrown around. You’ve got Pfizer and Moderna with efficacy rates in the 90s and Johnson & Johnson’s lower. So why is this so confusing? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Ramírez\u003c/i>: I think the key number that we should be looking at as individuals is which of these vaccines is going to prevent me from getting this disease? And then which one of those is going to prevent such a severe case that I’m hospitalized or die from it? All of these have been tested in slightly different ways. And they’ve considered efficacy and measured it in different ways, like having some symptoms, any symptoms, having a positive test, or being hospitalized. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The takeaway is all three of these vaccines have prevented serious hospitalization and death from this disease. And that’s the worst case, right? That’s the worst-case outcome. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The numbers are really confusing. Even highly educated people have a really hard time making sense of risk because it’s not just a number, it’s a value and a set of values. We’re talking about our own health and the health of our loved ones. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, again, it’s hard to compare, but [the three vaccines are] all incredibly good. The Moderna and the Pfizer vaccines were tested early on in the pandemic and they had different clinical outcomes. And now that they’ve been out in the real world, the other comparisons of efficacy are hard to make.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s hard to give people what they want, which is a really concrete answer to the question, How risky is this vaccine? I think the best answer that we can give is the risk of the vaccines is much, much, much lower than the risk of serious complications from the coronavirus, should you not be vaccinated. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This whole thing — the pandemic and the vaccines — is kind of a science experiment taking place on a world stage. What can people learn about science from this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Ramírez\u003c/i>: \u003c/span>The fact that we have three vaccines in the U.S. and seven in the world that are already authorized for preventing a disease that no one knew about 18 months ago — that is amazing! And millions of people have already been vaccinated. I think it’s really important that we appreciate the incredible scientific achievement and the logistical feats that were involved in getting to this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we stop to appreciate the fact that we have this global health crisis and we already have, and have had for months, the ability to control it — I think that should inspire confidence in science. And I also think that the temporary pause that occurred with the distribution of the J&J vaccine should also be applauded and celebrated as a way of increasing our confidence in science, because that pause shows that the real-world tracking and monitoring of the vaccines is is working.\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The risk of a blood clot developing after a J&J vaccine is tiny, but it's also scary and confusing. We break down ways to evaluate vaccine options.",
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"title": "If You're Offered the Johnson & Johnson Vaccine, Take It, Experts Say. Here's Why | KQED",
"description": "The risk of a blood clot developing after a J&J vaccine is tiny, but it's also scary and confusing. We break down ways to evaluate vaccine options.",
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"headline": "If You're Offered the Johnson & Johnson Vaccine, Take It, Experts Say. Here's Why",
"datePublished": "2021-04-29T10:48:10-07:00",
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"source": "COVID-19 Vaccines",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week, news of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11871298/bay-area-man-treated-for-rare-blood-clot-after-receiving-jj-vaccine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rare blood clot\u003c/a> in a patient at UCSF, after he received the Johnson & Johnson coronavirus vaccine, brought this very small risk close to home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The chance of developing these blood clots is tiny \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> only 2 in 1 million. And UCSF reported Monday that the patient is doing well and expected to go home in a few days. Still, knowing there is a risk at all is upsetting and confusing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts agree Johnson & Johnson is still a great vaccine. \u003ca href=\"https://www.susanaramirez.net/\">\u003cb>Professor Susana Ramírez\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a UC Merced expert in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.communicationculturehealth.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">communication, culture and public health\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, recently shared some guidelines with KQED’s \u003c/span>Raquel Maria Dillon\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> about how to evaluate risks around these vaccines. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There have been 16 of these rare blood clot cases out of about 8 million Johnson & Johnson doses given out in the U.S. Can you put that overall risk of this vaccine in context for us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Susana Ramírez: \u003c/span>\u003c/i>The extraordinarily rare events that we are seeing, with these blood clotting disorders are tragic and sad, but they’re extremely rare. But the potential to be infected with the coronavirus is much higher than the potential to get one of these severe side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As humans, we really want to avoid bad outcomes. And so it’s really easy for us to focus on the negative outcomes that we might be hearing about, even when those outcomes are so very rare. And the risks from the coronavirus are not so obvious. Some people get very sick and they are hospitalized, and some people die, but other people may not get a very significant disease. I think what we need to focus on is the relative risk here is much lower for side effects than of getting the actual coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We’ve heard from our audience that they have concerns that the J&J shot is for homeless people or people who don’t have time to come back for a second shot. They’re basically worried it’s a lower quality option. How do you address that? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Ramírez\u003c/i>: I think the very most important fact to remember is that all three of the vaccines that are available to people in the United States have incredibly high efficacy rates. The very best vaccine is the one that you can get in your arm as soon as possible.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three of these vaccines have prevented serious hospitalization and death from this disease. And that’s the worst case, right? That’s the worst-case outcome. And all three of these vaccines are effective at preventing those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>But the problem with trying to compare [efficacy rates] is that these three vaccines were developed at different times, and they were developed and tested with essentially different groups of people. The Moderna and Pfizer vaccines were tested really at the early end of the pandemic over a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The J&J clinical trials finished very recently. And by that time, we’d been engaging in behavioral measures like wearing masks and social distancing. So those things had been in place for months when the J&J vaccine was tested. So we were a different population, and the disease itself was different by this point. We had more variants that were circulating. And so it was really tested under very different conditions. So there’s not an apples to apples comparison that you can do, although it’s tempting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, even though we see a lower effectiveness, it’s really among a disease that had evolved and changed and adapted to our conditions. And so the fact that the vaccine is still effective in that context, I think is a real strength and plus in the J&J column. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I don’t think by any stretch of the imagination that we should think about it as a lesser kind of vaccine. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I think that there is definitely a kernel of truth to the idea that folks are talking about the two-dose vaccines, the Pfizer and Moderna, being for more privileged people. You have to have certain privileges like a flexible job, transportation to the vaccination site twice, a stable residence and a phone number to make those follow-up appointments, and then the ability to take some time off if you’re not feeling well after the vaccine. But that doesn’t make any of the vaccines better from a disease prevention perspective. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Are you concerned that the appeal of the J&J shot — convenience — might not be enough to convince people to get it at this point? And what would that mean for getting to herd immunity, which is the broader societal goal? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Ramírez\u003c/i>: You’re absolutely right. The number one goal is we want everybody to get a vaccine as soon as possible. We need to think about really messaging on that convenience. I think there are people like me who are terrified of needles. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We would prefer just having to go one time. And that convenience — it’s not just about the needle. You have to take time off to get the vaccine. We may have localized side effects, which is not a big deal. But if you’re feeling kind of yucky or you have a headache, you don’t really want to go back to work the next day. And so that would be twice that you have to do that for the other two vaccines. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So the convenience of a one-shot vaccine is really something that we need to be talking up and selling because it’s a big deal. It’s a positive condition of this particular vaccine.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In my opinion, I don’t see a clear clinical reason to prefer one vaccine over another vaccine. So it’s really about the convenience.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> I think people want to make rational decisions, especially when it comes to their health, but there are a lot of numbers being thrown around. You’ve got Pfizer and Moderna with efficacy rates in the 90s and Johnson & Johnson’s lower. So why is this so confusing? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Ramírez\u003c/i>: I think the key number that we should be looking at as individuals is which of these vaccines is going to prevent me from getting this disease? And then which one of those is going to prevent such a severe case that I’m hospitalized or die from it? All of these have been tested in slightly different ways. And they’ve considered efficacy and measured it in different ways, like having some symptoms, any symptoms, having a positive test, or being hospitalized. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The takeaway is all three of these vaccines have prevented serious hospitalization and death from this disease. And that’s the worst case, right? That’s the worst-case outcome. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The numbers are really confusing. Even highly educated people have a really hard time making sense of risk because it’s not just a number, it’s a value and a set of values. We’re talking about our own health and the health of our loved ones. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, again, it’s hard to compare, but [the three vaccines are] all incredibly good. The Moderna and the Pfizer vaccines were tested early on in the pandemic and they had different clinical outcomes. And now that they’ve been out in the real world, the other comparisons of efficacy are hard to make.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s hard to give people what they want, which is a really concrete answer to the question, How risky is this vaccine? I think the best answer that we can give is the risk of the vaccines is much, much, much lower than the risk of serious complications from the coronavirus, should you not be vaccinated. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This whole thing — the pandemic and the vaccines — is kind of a science experiment taking place on a world stage. What can people learn about science from this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Ramírez\u003c/i>: \u003c/span>The fact that we have three vaccines in the U.S. and seven in the world that are already authorized for preventing a disease that no one knew about 18 months ago — that is amazing! And millions of people have already been vaccinated. I think it’s really important that we appreciate the incredible scientific achievement and the logistical feats that were involved in getting to this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we stop to appreciate the fact that we have this global health crisis and we already have, and have had for months, the ability to control it — I think that should inspire confidence in science. And I also think that the temporary pause that occurred with the distribution of the J&J vaccine should also be applauded and celebrated as a way of increasing our confidence in science, because that pause shows that the real-world tracking and monitoring of the vaccines is is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Artificial Food Coloring Triggers Hyperactivity in Some Kids, California Report Finds",
"headTitle": "Artificial Food Coloring Triggers Hyperactivity in Some Kids, California Report Finds | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">A recent state \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/risk-assessment/report/health-effects-assessment-potential-neurobehavioral-effects-synthetic-food\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">assessment\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of research conducted on products with synthetic food dyes, like Red 40 or Yellow 6, has found they may increase or contribute to hyperactivity in kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Scientists at the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment concluded that levels of the artificial food coloring determined to be safe by the Food and Drug Administration are too high for children. The scientists reviewed 27 human clinical trials, as well as animal and cell studies to shed light on how food dyes impact human health. Some of the studies were published after the FDA completed its review in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It is an excellent, basically landmark summary of the literature,” said Joel Nigg, psychologist and ADHD researcher at Oregon Health & Science University, who published a comprehensive 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321798/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">review\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of human studies available, and whose work is cited in California’s health hazard assessment. “It’s the first time a comprehensive review of human, animal and lab studies is all put together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">A spokesperson for the FDA said in a statement that the agency will review the final report from OEHHA to determine if any action needs to be taken based on the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The International Association of Color Manufacturers disputes the report’s findings and does not support warning labels. “Parents of children who may be sensitive to food ingredients, including colors, can avoid such foods in consultation with their doctor based on existing ingredient declarations and labeling requirements,” it said in a \u003ca href=\"https://iacmcolor.org/iacm-holding-statement-final-oehha-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">press release\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>A Rainbow Assortment of Colors … and Sensitivity\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The FDA has approved nine colors for use in processed food and other products like sunscreen, cough syrup and pills. The synthetic additives are made from petroleum and are contained in at least 90% of candies, fruit-flavored snacks, and drink mixes marketed to kids, and\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922816651621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">40% of all children’s food products\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. According to an FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975380/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">assessment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which estimated the amount of synthetic food dye people consume in an average diet, most American kids are exposed to some chemical food coloring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“We’ve been contacted by over 2,000 families reporting their experiences with food dyes,” said\u003cspan class=\"s4\"> \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/biography/lisa-lefferts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Lisa Lefferts\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, \u003c/span>a senior scientist for the Center for Science in the Public Interest. “Sometimes children are violent. They have meltdowns. They may even apologize for their behavior and say they can’t help it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nigg and colleagues estimate that 5%-10% of kids with ADHD may be sensitive to synthetic food coloring. That would equate to tens of thousands of children who may be suffering from the disorder unnecessarily. A small percentage of children without neurological disorders may also be highly sensitive to chemical food dyes, according to Nigg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">Alex Bevans, 15, is in that category, says his mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">“So red … he can’t pay attention and he’s impulsive,” Rebecca Bevans \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949617/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">told KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in 2019. “Green makes him manic. Blue makes him grumpy and tired. Yellow is the worst. He’s explosive and it leads to suicidal ideation.” Bevans, a psychology professor at Western Nevada College, shared her experience in a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQzOHAwCfXs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s5\">TEDx talk\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s6\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>State and Federal Push for Regulation\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Lefferts is lobbying the FDA to follow Europe’s example on dyes: The European Union requires manufacturers to add a label on foods with artificial coloring warning they “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont, says he will introduce a bill in January that would require products on grocery shelves or in bulk bins to include a similar black and white warning label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Most European companies avoid the label by switching to natural dyes like beet juice and spirulina extract. A few U.S. companies have followed suit. Kraft now uses turmeric and paprika to turn its macaroni and cheese sauce bright yellow. But substitutions like these aren’t widespread in the U.S., because natural dyes are more expensive and less stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The American Academy of Pediatrics said in a 2018\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/2/e20181408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">policy statement\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that “artificial food colors may be associated with exacerbation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“The AAP has concerns about the limited safety testing available on chemicals intentionally and unintentionally added to foods, including food dyes,” said Dr. Leonardo Trasande, who co-wrote the statement. “There are safe and simple steps families can take to limit children’s exposure to these chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Nigg said, “I think we’ll be surprised in the future that we were so laissez-faire about adding so many synthetic chemicals and thinking they wouldn’t do anything to children’s brains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The good news, he says, is that the behavioral shifts triggered by the chemicals appear to usually last less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">A recent state \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/risk-assessment/report/health-effects-assessment-potential-neurobehavioral-effects-synthetic-food\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">assessment\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of research conducted on products with synthetic food dyes, like Red 40 or Yellow 6, has found they may increase or contribute to hyperactivity in kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Scientists at the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment concluded that levels of the artificial food coloring determined to be safe by the Food and Drug Administration are too high for children. The scientists reviewed 27 human clinical trials, as well as animal and cell studies to shed light on how food dyes impact human health. Some of the studies were published after the FDA completed its review in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It is an excellent, basically landmark summary of the literature,” said Joel Nigg, psychologist and ADHD researcher at Oregon Health & Science University, who published a comprehensive 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321798/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">review\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of human studies available, and whose work is cited in California’s health hazard assessment. “It’s the first time a comprehensive review of human, animal and lab studies is all put together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">A spokesperson for the FDA said in a statement that the agency will review the final report from OEHHA to determine if any action needs to be taken based on the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The International Association of Color Manufacturers disputes the report’s findings and does not support warning labels. “Parents of children who may be sensitive to food ingredients, including colors, can avoid such foods in consultation with their doctor based on existing ingredient declarations and labeling requirements,” it said in a \u003ca href=\"https://iacmcolor.org/iacm-holding-statement-final-oehha-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">press release\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>A Rainbow Assortment of Colors … and Sensitivity\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The FDA has approved nine colors for use in processed food and other products like sunscreen, cough syrup and pills. The synthetic additives are made from petroleum and are contained in at least 90% of candies, fruit-flavored snacks, and drink mixes marketed to kids, and\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922816651621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">40% of all children’s food products\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. According to an FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975380/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">assessment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which estimated the amount of synthetic food dye people consume in an average diet, most American kids are exposed to some chemical food coloring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“We’ve been contacted by over 2,000 families reporting their experiences with food dyes,” said\u003cspan class=\"s4\"> \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/biography/lisa-lefferts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Lisa Lefferts\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, \u003c/span>a senior scientist for the Center for Science in the Public Interest. “Sometimes children are violent. They have meltdowns. They may even apologize for their behavior and say they can’t help it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nigg and colleagues estimate that 5%-10% of kids with ADHD may be sensitive to synthetic food coloring. That would equate to tens of thousands of children who may be suffering from the disorder unnecessarily. A small percentage of children without neurological disorders may also be highly sensitive to chemical food dyes, according to Nigg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">Alex Bevans, 15, is in that category, says his mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">“So red … he can’t pay attention and he’s impulsive,” Rebecca Bevans \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949617/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">told KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in 2019. “Green makes him manic. Blue makes him grumpy and tired. Yellow is the worst. He’s explosive and it leads to suicidal ideation.” Bevans, a psychology professor at Western Nevada College, shared her experience in a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQzOHAwCfXs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s5\">TEDx talk\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s6\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>State and Federal Push for Regulation\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Lefferts is lobbying the FDA to follow Europe’s example on dyes: The European Union requires manufacturers to add a label on foods with artificial coloring warning they “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont, says he will introduce a bill in January that would require products on grocery shelves or in bulk bins to include a similar black and white warning label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Most European companies avoid the label by switching to natural dyes like beet juice and spirulina extract. A few U.S. companies have followed suit. Kraft now uses turmeric and paprika to turn its macaroni and cheese sauce bright yellow. But substitutions like these aren’t widespread in the U.S., because natural dyes are more expensive and less stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The American Academy of Pediatrics said in a 2018\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/2/e20181408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">policy statement\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that “artificial food colors may be associated with exacerbation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“The AAP has concerns about the limited safety testing available on chemicals intentionally and unintentionally added to foods, including food dyes,” said Dr. Leonardo Trasande, who co-wrote the statement. “There are safe and simple steps families can take to limit children’s exposure to these chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Nigg said, “I think we’ll be surprised in the future that we were so laissez-faire about adding so many synthetic chemicals and thinking they wouldn’t do anything to children’s brains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The good news, he says, is that the behavioral shifts triggered by the chemicals appear to usually last less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Doctors Find Wildfire Smoke May Damage the Skin",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wildfire smoke may not only be choking people’s lungs. It could also be irritating their skin, according to a new UCSF and UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2778632?guestAccessKey=8ae10d43-5a47-49a9-871f-333058452007&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study published in JAMA Dermatology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiny particles floating in wildfire smoke can wreak havoc on the body, and it’s well documented that pollutants can trigger a scratchy throat, coughing fits or even a heart attack. Exposure to air pollutants contributed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30505-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.7 million to 4.8 million deaths across the globe in 2015.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28195077/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has found that skin conditions like eczema may be exacerbated by cigarette smoke or heavy air pollution in dense cities. Smoky days may also cause the skin to flare up. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfires cause particulate matter to circulate in the air which could settle on the skin, similarly to other airborne irritants,” Dr. Dawn Marie Davis, a professor of dermatology and pediatrics at the Mayo Clinic, said in an email. “The skin may be negatively impacted by exposure to wildfire smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers who conducted the new study analyzed data from more than 8,000 patient visits to dermatology clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area over a two-week period in 2018, when the Camp Fire scorched Butte County and the number of patients seeking medical treatment for itchy skin significantly increased. Adult visits went up 20% and pediatric visits nearly 90% compared to the same period in earlier years. Scientists also noted an increase in prescribed medications, like steroids, suggesting patients experienced severe reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Air pollution leads to widespread exacerbation,” said Raj Fadadu, a UCSF medical student and lead author of the study. “So it may not only affect patients who have preexisting disease, but could have far-reaching outcomes in patients who have healthier skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pollutants penetrate skin cells they can trigger \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5551541/#:~:text=Oxidative%20stress%20is%20a%20phenomenon,to%20detoxify%20these%20reactive%20products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oxidative stress\u003c/a> and cause inflammation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fatadu is especially worried about people like agricultural and construction workers who can’t avoid the outdoors during smoke events. He recommends wearing long sleeves and pants on smoky days. Thick moisturizers may also create a protective barrier over the skin, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study is one of the first to look at how wildfire smoke damages the skin. In the future, the scientists plan to follow patients for longer periods of time across multiple geographic areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible that not all wildfires have the same effect on the skin, since fires can have different components,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/maria.wei\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maria Wei\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a dermatologist and melanoma specialist at UCSF and a senior author of the study. “We studied the Camp Fire, which burned the city of Paradise as well as forests. Future studies will determine the generalizability of our findings.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfire smoke may not only be choking people’s lungs. It could also be irritating their skin, according to a new UCSF and UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2778632?guestAccessKey=8ae10d43-5a47-49a9-871f-333058452007&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study published in JAMA Dermatology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiny particles floating in wildfire smoke can wreak havoc on the body, and it’s well documented that pollutants can trigger a scratchy throat, coughing fits or even a heart attack. Exposure to air pollutants contributed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30505-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.7 million to 4.8 million deaths across the globe in 2015.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28195077/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has found that skin conditions like eczema may be exacerbated by cigarette smoke or heavy air pollution in dense cities. Smoky days may also cause the skin to flare up. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfires cause particulate matter to circulate in the air which could settle on the skin, similarly to other airborne irritants,” Dr. Dawn Marie Davis, a professor of dermatology and pediatrics at the Mayo Clinic, said in an email. “The skin may be negatively impacted by exposure to wildfire smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers who conducted the new study analyzed data from more than 8,000 patient visits to dermatology clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area over a two-week period in 2018, when the Camp Fire scorched Butte County and the number of patients seeking medical treatment for itchy skin significantly increased. Adult visits went up 20% and pediatric visits nearly 90% compared to the same period in earlier years. Scientists also noted an increase in prescribed medications, like steroids, suggesting patients experienced severe reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Air pollution leads to widespread exacerbation,” said Raj Fadadu, a UCSF medical student and lead author of the study. “So it may not only affect patients who have preexisting disease, but could have far-reaching outcomes in patients who have healthier skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pollutants penetrate skin cells they can trigger \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5551541/#:~:text=Oxidative%20stress%20is%20a%20phenomenon,to%20detoxify%20these%20reactive%20products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oxidative stress\u003c/a> and cause inflammation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fatadu is especially worried about people like agricultural and construction workers who can’t avoid the outdoors during smoke events. He recommends wearing long sleeves and pants on smoky days. Thick moisturizers may also create a protective barrier over the skin, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study is one of the first to look at how wildfire smoke damages the skin. In the future, the scientists plan to follow patients for longer periods of time across multiple geographic areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible that not all wildfires have the same effect on the skin, since fires can have different components,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/maria.wei\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maria Wei\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a dermatologist and melanoma specialist at UCSF and a senior author of the study. “We studied the Camp Fire, which burned the city of Paradise as well as forests. Future studies will determine the generalizability of our findings.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cem>Could this tiny creature, named after a mythical multiheaded monster, hold the secret to eternal youth? Related to jellyfish and anemones, the hydra has an almost otherworldly ability to heal itself and stave off aging.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Everything that lives, must one day die, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, maybe not everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s named after a many-headed monster from Greek mythology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chop off one head and two grow in its place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That myth isn’t too far from the real hydra’s death-defying abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re cousins to jellyfish — see the resemblance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hydra live in freshwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its body is a hollow column with walls only two cells thick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its head is just a bunch of tentacles surrounding a mouth, no eyes or brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole thing is about as long as a grain of rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hungry hydra stretches out its tentacles to snag swimming prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microscopic harpoons hook the water flea, injecting it with paralyzing neurotoxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it’s down the hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hydra uses those nutrients to make more hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out this bud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a clone sprouting right from the hydra’s side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydra can reproduce sexually too, but most often, they just clone themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A chip off the old block!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydra are constantly regenerating their own bodies too, replacing all of their cells every 20 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can do that because roughly half of the cells in their bodies are stem cells, which can develop into all the different types of specialized cells you need to build, or rebuild a body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells only make up a tiny percentage of our bodies\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And our stem cells degrade over time — that’s why we age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>ADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/h3>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://juliano.faculty.ucdavis.edu/\">The Juliano Lab\u003c/a> at UC Davis studies regenerative biology, stem cells and the immortal hydra\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As part of the \u003ca href=\"https://valelab.ucsf.edu/\">Vale Lab\u003c/a> at UCSF, Taylor Skokan studies the hydra’s ability to reorganize their cells and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(20)31027-7\">reassemble their body plan\u003c/a> from a disorganized aggregation of cells.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=2387\">Robert Steele\u003c/a> studies hydra as a model system to investigate questions in developmental and evolutionary biology\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a hydra can make near-perfect copies of its stem cells … basically forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called non-senescence — biological immortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having all those stem cells allows hydra to recover from all kinds of … damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All right, here we go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No body? Not to worry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No head? No problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as the chopped-off chunk has some stem cells, it’s ready to regrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a couple days, the severed head has a new body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the foot? It’s got a brand new head!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, they’ll both be as good as new … except for maybe some lingering trust issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the limits of their ability to recover, researchers came up with an experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hydra is genetically engineered so that under ultraviolet light its exterior cells glow purple and interior ones glow green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists basically blend up a bunch of these hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaving a heap of mixed-up cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right away, the cells start reorganizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those purple outer layer cells migrate out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cells from the inside squirm back into the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hydra dumps cells from the interior to restore its hollow shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stem cells start dividing — and differentiating — to rebuild the rest of the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon a head starts to form, and sometimes a few little heads compete to be the new top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few tumultuous days what was once a mixed-up pile of cells takes on a familiar shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope to harness hydra’s ability to regenerate to someday slow human aging, or even regrow damaged organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe this tiny monster will one day show us the way to the mythical fountain of youth.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chop off one head and two grow in its place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That myth isn’t too far from the real hydra’s death-defying abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re cousins to jellyfish — see the resemblance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hydra live in freshwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its body is a hollow column with walls only two cells thick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its head is just a bunch of tentacles surrounding a mouth, no eyes or brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole thing is about as long as a grain of rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hungry hydra stretches out its tentacles to snag swimming prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microscopic harpoons hook the water flea, injecting it with paralyzing neurotoxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it’s down the hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hydra uses those nutrients to make more hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out this bud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a clone sprouting right from the hydra’s side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydra can reproduce sexually too, but most often, they just clone themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A chip off the old block!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydra are constantly regenerating their own bodies too, replacing all of their cells every 20 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can do that because roughly half of the cells in their bodies are stem cells, which can develop into all the different types of specialized cells you need to build, or rebuild a body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells only make up a tiny percentage of our bodies\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And our stem cells degrade over time — that’s why we age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>ADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/h3>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://juliano.faculty.ucdavis.edu/\">The Juliano Lab\u003c/a> at UC Davis studies regenerative biology, stem cells and the immortal hydra\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As part of the \u003ca href=\"https://valelab.ucsf.edu/\">Vale Lab\u003c/a> at UCSF, Taylor Skokan studies the hydra’s ability to reorganize their cells and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(20)31027-7\">reassemble their body plan\u003c/a> from a disorganized aggregation of cells.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=2387\">Robert Steele\u003c/a> studies hydra as a model system to investigate questions in developmental and evolutionary biology\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a hydra can make near-perfect copies of its stem cells … basically forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called non-senescence — biological immortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having all those stem cells allows hydra to recover from all kinds of … damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All right, here we go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No body? Not to worry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No head? No problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as the chopped-off chunk has some stem cells, it’s ready to regrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a couple days, the severed head has a new body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the foot? It’s got a brand new head!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, they’ll both be as good as new … except for maybe some lingering trust issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the limits of their ability to recover, researchers came up with an experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hydra is genetically engineered so that under ultraviolet light its exterior cells glow purple and interior ones glow green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists basically blend up a bunch of these hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaving a heap of mixed-up cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right away, the cells start reorganizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those purple outer layer cells migrate out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cells from the inside squirm back into the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hydra dumps cells from the interior to restore its hollow shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stem cells start dividing — and differentiating — to rebuild the rest of the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon a head starts to form, and sometimes a few little heads compete to be the new top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few tumultuous days what was once a mixed-up pile of cells takes on a familiar shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope to harness hydra’s ability to regenerate to someday slow human aging, or even regrow damaged organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe this tiny monster will one day show us the way to the mythical fountain of youth.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">R\u003c/span>\u003c/span>egeneron Pharmaceuticals said Monday that a single administration of its monoclonal antibody cocktail reduced the risk that volunteers exposed to COVID-19 would develop the disease by 81%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study enrolled 1,500 healthy volunteers, each of whom shared a home with someone who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and randomized them to receive a single dose of its antibody treatment, given subcutaneously as four shots, or placebo. After 29 days, 11 patients in the treatment group developed COVID-19 compared to 59 on placebo. And for the subjects who got COVID-19 despite treatment, their symptoms resolved after one week, compared to three weeks for those on placebo. In 204 patients who had already tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the study’s outset, the injection reduced their chances of progressing to symptomatic COVID-19 by 31%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were made public in a press release and will be published in a scientific journal or presented at a medical meeting at a later date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those results mirror similar results seen in a study conducted by Eli Lilly of its monoclonal antibody in nursing homes. One key difference: While in previous studies by both Lilly and Regeneron, antibodies had to be given intravenously, in this one Regeneron used a formulation that could be given with an under-the-skin injection. Lilly is also exploring a subcutaneous injection of its antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s “a really, really big deal,” said Myron Cohen, director of the Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases at the University of North Carolina and one of the study’s lead investigators. He said that having to start an IV is “unequivocally” one of the barriers to using the antibodies either for treatment or prevention. The other barrier? Awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order for these antibodies to be used for treatment and prevention and for treatment as prevention, we need the patients or their families familiar with the opportunity,” Cohen said. “We need health providers to be familiar with these drugs and comfortable administering them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And why do we need antibodies when there are already vaccines? Dan Barouch, the director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and a key figure in the development of the J&J vaccine and another investigator in Regeneron’s study, said that the approaches are “complementary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As of now, there are still substantial numbers of people who are not fully vaccinated,” Barouch said. What’s more, some people, including those with compromised immune systems, might not generate enough antibodies one their own — and could benefit from antibodies that are injected into their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some circumstances, say, an outbreak at a nursing home, the monoclonal antibodies, which start working immediately, could be the better approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adverse events occurred in 20% of those who received the antibody cocktail and 29% of those who received placebo. None of the antibody cocktail recipients were hospitalized, but four volunteers in the placebo group were. Injection site reactions occurred in 4% of those who received the antibody and 2% of those who received placebo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regeneron said 35% of study volunteers were Latinx and 5% were Black. About a third had at least one risk factor that would put them at high risk if they developed COVID-19. A third were obese, and 38% were over 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/04/12/regeneron-antibody-cocktail-covid-simple-injection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">R\u003c/span>\u003c/span>egeneron Pharmaceuticals said Monday that a single administration of its monoclonal antibody cocktail reduced the risk that volunteers exposed to COVID-19 would develop the disease by 81%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study enrolled 1,500 healthy volunteers, each of whom shared a home with someone who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and randomized them to receive a single dose of its antibody treatment, given subcutaneously as four shots, or placebo. After 29 days, 11 patients in the treatment group developed COVID-19 compared to 59 on placebo. And for the subjects who got COVID-19 despite treatment, their symptoms resolved after one week, compared to three weeks for those on placebo. In 204 patients who had already tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the study’s outset, the injection reduced their chances of progressing to symptomatic COVID-19 by 31%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were made public in a press release and will be published in a scientific journal or presented at a medical meeting at a later date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those results mirror similar results seen in a study conducted by Eli Lilly of its monoclonal antibody in nursing homes. One key difference: While in previous studies by both Lilly and Regeneron, antibodies had to be given intravenously, in this one Regeneron used a formulation that could be given with an under-the-skin injection. Lilly is also exploring a subcutaneous injection of its antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s “a really, really big deal,” said Myron Cohen, director of the Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases at the University of North Carolina and one of the study’s lead investigators. He said that having to start an IV is “unequivocally” one of the barriers to using the antibodies either for treatment or prevention. The other barrier? Awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order for these antibodies to be used for treatment and prevention and for treatment as prevention, we need the patients or their families familiar with the opportunity,” Cohen said. “We need health providers to be familiar with these drugs and comfortable administering them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And why do we need antibodies when there are already vaccines? Dan Barouch, the director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and a key figure in the development of the J&J vaccine and another investigator in Regeneron’s study, said that the approaches are “complementary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As of now, there are still substantial numbers of people who are not fully vaccinated,” Barouch said. What’s more, some people, including those with compromised immune systems, might not generate enough antibodies one their own — and could benefit from antibodies that are injected into their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some circumstances, say, an outbreak at a nursing home, the monoclonal antibodies, which start working immediately, could be the better approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adverse events occurred in 20% of those who received the antibody cocktail and 29% of those who received placebo. None of the antibody cocktail recipients were hospitalized, but four volunteers in the placebo group were. Injection site reactions occurred in 4% of those who received the antibody and 2% of those who received placebo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regeneron said 35% of study volunteers were Latinx and 5% were Black. About a third had at least one risk factor that would put them at high risk if they developed COVID-19. A third were obese, and 38% were over 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/04/12/regeneron-antibody-cocktail-covid-simple-injection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you’ve been following the coronavirus headlines lately, you’ve likely been hearing a lot about new coronavirus variants. As a result, you may be freaking out, experiencing pandemic fatigue or be just plain confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. Robert Siegel, Stanford University']‘The vaccines are so wildly effective, they produce such a strong immune response that the variants that exist now, even the ones that are slightly better at spreading, they all seem to be susceptible to the vaccine.’[/pullquote]Doctors have called some coronavirus variants highly concerning — but there are things you can do to protect yourself against infection, like getting the vaccine when you’re eligible and doubling down on your masking and distancing habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We consulted medical experts Dr. Robert Siegel, professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford, and Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, professor of medicine and infectious disease specialist at UCSF, as well as CDC guidance, on what you need to know about variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is a variant?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses are constantly changing. When a virus hijacks a host cell and replicates, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/coronavirus-variant-tracker.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mistakes occur\u003c/a> so that the genetic makeup of the copies isn’t exactly the same as the original. These errors are called mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more times that the virus copies itself, the more viruses that are made, the more mistakes that are made,” Siegel said. “Variants are just [viruses with] collections of mutations. So they inevitably arise as long as there’s lots of people that are infected making virus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists can track variants by looking for a distinct set of inherited mutations. In addition to an alphanumeric string, coronavirus variants are often referred to by the part of the world where they were first observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siegel says the emergence of variants is “basically normal for all viruses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do variants change the way the virus behaves?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many variants have no effect on the behavior of a virus. But as mutations accumulate, errors can occur in parts of the virus’s genetic material that alter its physical properties and behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes may affect where and how strongly a virus binds to host cells, its ability to evade an immune response, how fast it can copy itself or how easy it is for someone to transmit the virus to another person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, some variants may persist longer, become more infectious or be more resistant to antibodies or vaccines than others. If you think about it, we’re all familiar with this basic truth about viruses because it’s why the annual flu vaccine is more effective one year and less in another year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all viruses, those that cause the flu change constantly — in fact, says Siegel, influenza makes far more mistakes when it copies than the coronavirus. The more errors a virus makes, the more mutations and the more variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, scientists around the world \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccine-selection.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">track them\u003c/a> to see which influenza viruses are making people sick, how quickly or widely they’re spreading, and how well the previous year’s vaccine works against them. More than 100 countries participate in this work, tracking thousands of test samples of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every February, the WHO gathers representatives from its own and the world’s top labs and national academies and recommends which viruses should be included in the annual flu vaccine. Each country then makes its own final decision. But it’s difficult to predict the spread and timing of flu viruses, so each year’s flu vaccine is more or less effective depending on factors such as what influenza virus shows up and when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are coronavirus variants more dangerous than the original virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, it depends on the variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siegel says the vast majority of coronavirus variants don’t increase the virus’s ability to spread. Some, like the British \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7003e2.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">B.1.1.7 variant\u003c/a>, have been shown to be more contagious than the original coronavirus. Others, like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.krisp.org.za/publications.php?pubid=316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South African\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00183-5/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Brazilian\u003c/a> variants, have mutations that research suggests make them somewhat more resistant to some treatments or vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More transmissible variants, Dr. Siegel says, are potentially of greater concern because of how rapidly they can spread through the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a virus, he said, “Winning the game is not necessarily making a variant that is more dangerous, it’s just making a variant that can spread more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines used in the U.S. appear to protect against all known coronavirus variants — even more antibody-resistant variants — and the key to ending the pandemic is controlling the spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin-Hong says the British variant is probably the most troubling of the variants out there. “It seems to be the bulldog of the variants,” he says. “Wherever it goes, it sets up shop and it bullies all the other variants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still studying why, but Chin-Hong says one hypothesis is that people infected with the B.1.1.7 variant appear to shed the virus for longer and have more copies of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do vaccines work well against variants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The vaccines are so wildly effective,” Siegel said. “They produce such a strong immune response that the variants that exist now, even the ones that are slightly better at spreading, they all seem to be susceptible to the vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a handful of variants, particularly the South African variant, appear to be somewhat more resistant, \u003ca href=\"https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-covid-19-vaccine-retains-neutralizing-activity-against\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data suggest\u003c/a> vaccines authorized for use in the U.S. are still effective at preventing serious illness and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They still seem to be able to keep people out of the ICU,” Siegel said, “still seem to be able to keep people from dying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin-Hong adds that two vaccines not authorized for use in the U.S., AstraZeneca and Novavax, may be less effective against some variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overall, how concerned are health experts about new variants? What can I do to protect myself?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/transmission/variant.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">classifies coronavirus variants\u003c/a> into three categories: Variant of Interest (VOI), Variant of Concern (VOC), and Variant of High Consequence (VOHC). There are currently no VOHC and five VOCs in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The variant that he’s most worried about, Siegel says, “is the variant that we haven’t seen yet.” He says that’s because we’re only now at the point with vaccine and infection rates that an immune resistant variant could emerge from the rest. Scientists call these “escape variants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He adds that with less than half the population vaccinated, there’s still a real risk for unvaccinated people to get the coronavirus unless they continue to protect themselves with masking and social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only do they have to be just as safe as they were,” he said. “They actually have to be safer because they might encounter a strain that’s more contagious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more transmissible variants like B.1.1.7 out there, Chin-Hong said that compared to a year ago, a person in their 30s is more likely to catch the virus from an infected person if you share an elevator. Unless, that is, you’re vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silver lining number one is the vaccines will work,” Chin-Hong said. “Silver lining number two is we know what to do even if we don’t have a vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the finish line so close at hand in terms of if you’re going to get vaccinated in two weeks,” Siegel added, “You don’t want to get infected now.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The three vaccines approved in the U.S. -- Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson -- are all effective against the coronavirus variants. As the virus mutates, it's a race against time to stop the spread of the pandemic.",
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"description": "The three vaccines approved in the U.S. -- Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson -- are all effective against the coronavirus variants. As the virus mutates, it's a race against time to stop the spread of the pandemic.",
"title": "COVID Variants, Vaccines and Staying Safe: What You Should Know | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve been following the coronavirus headlines lately, you’ve likely been hearing a lot about new coronavirus variants. As a result, you may be freaking out, experiencing pandemic fatigue or be just plain confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Doctors have called some coronavirus variants highly concerning — but there are things you can do to protect yourself against infection, like getting the vaccine when you’re eligible and doubling down on your masking and distancing habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We consulted medical experts Dr. Robert Siegel, professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford, and Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, professor of medicine and infectious disease specialist at UCSF, as well as CDC guidance, on what you need to know about variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is a variant?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses are constantly changing. When a virus hijacks a host cell and replicates, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/coronavirus-variant-tracker.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mistakes occur\u003c/a> so that the genetic makeup of the copies isn’t exactly the same as the original. These errors are called mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more times that the virus copies itself, the more viruses that are made, the more mistakes that are made,” Siegel said. “Variants are just [viruses with] collections of mutations. So they inevitably arise as long as there’s lots of people that are infected making virus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists can track variants by looking for a distinct set of inherited mutations. In addition to an alphanumeric string, coronavirus variants are often referred to by the part of the world where they were first observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siegel says the emergence of variants is “basically normal for all viruses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do variants change the way the virus behaves?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many variants have no effect on the behavior of a virus. But as mutations accumulate, errors can occur in parts of the virus’s genetic material that alter its physical properties and behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes may affect where and how strongly a virus binds to host cells, its ability to evade an immune response, how fast it can copy itself or how easy it is for someone to transmit the virus to another person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, some variants may persist longer, become more infectious or be more resistant to antibodies or vaccines than others. If you think about it, we’re all familiar with this basic truth about viruses because it’s why the annual flu vaccine is more effective one year and less in another year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all viruses, those that cause the flu change constantly — in fact, says Siegel, influenza makes far more mistakes when it copies than the coronavirus. The more errors a virus makes, the more mutations and the more variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, scientists around the world \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccine-selection.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">track them\u003c/a> to see which influenza viruses are making people sick, how quickly or widely they’re spreading, and how well the previous year’s vaccine works against them. More than 100 countries participate in this work, tracking thousands of test samples of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every February, the WHO gathers representatives from its own and the world’s top labs and national academies and recommends which viruses should be included in the annual flu vaccine. Each country then makes its own final decision. But it’s difficult to predict the spread and timing of flu viruses, so each year’s flu vaccine is more or less effective depending on factors such as what influenza virus shows up and when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are coronavirus variants more dangerous than the original virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, it depends on the variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siegel says the vast majority of coronavirus variants don’t increase the virus’s ability to spread. Some, like the British \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7003e2.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">B.1.1.7 variant\u003c/a>, have been shown to be more contagious than the original coronavirus. Others, like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.krisp.org.za/publications.php?pubid=316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South African\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00183-5/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Brazilian\u003c/a> variants, have mutations that research suggests make them somewhat more resistant to some treatments or vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More transmissible variants, Dr. Siegel says, are potentially of greater concern because of how rapidly they can spread through the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a virus, he said, “Winning the game is not necessarily making a variant that is more dangerous, it’s just making a variant that can spread more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines used in the U.S. appear to protect against all known coronavirus variants — even more antibody-resistant variants — and the key to ending the pandemic is controlling the spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin-Hong says the British variant is probably the most troubling of the variants out there. “It seems to be the bulldog of the variants,” he says. “Wherever it goes, it sets up shop and it bullies all the other variants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still studying why, but Chin-Hong says one hypothesis is that people infected with the B.1.1.7 variant appear to shed the virus for longer and have more copies of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do vaccines work well against variants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The vaccines are so wildly effective,” Siegel said. “They produce such a strong immune response that the variants that exist now, even the ones that are slightly better at spreading, they all seem to be susceptible to the vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a handful of variants, particularly the South African variant, appear to be somewhat more resistant, \u003ca href=\"https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-covid-19-vaccine-retains-neutralizing-activity-against\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data suggest\u003c/a> vaccines authorized for use in the U.S. are still effective at preventing serious illness and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They still seem to be able to keep people out of the ICU,” Siegel said, “still seem to be able to keep people from dying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin-Hong adds that two vaccines not authorized for use in the U.S., AstraZeneca and Novavax, may be less effective against some variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overall, how concerned are health experts about new variants? What can I do to protect myself?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/transmission/variant.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">classifies coronavirus variants\u003c/a> into three categories: Variant of Interest (VOI), Variant of Concern (VOC), and Variant of High Consequence (VOHC). There are currently no VOHC and five VOCs in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The variant that he’s most worried about, Siegel says, “is the variant that we haven’t seen yet.” He says that’s because we’re only now at the point with vaccine and infection rates that an immune resistant variant could emerge from the rest. Scientists call these “escape variants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He adds that with less than half the population vaccinated, there’s still a real risk for unvaccinated people to get the coronavirus unless they continue to protect themselves with masking and social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only do they have to be just as safe as they were,” he said. “They actually have to be safer because they might encounter a strain that’s more contagious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more transmissible variants like B.1.1.7 out there, Chin-Hong said that compared to a year ago, a person in their 30s is more likely to catch the virus from an infected person if you share an elevator. Unless, that is, you’re vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silver lining number one is the vaccines will work,” Chin-Hong said. “Silver lining number two is we know what to do even if we don’t have a vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the finish line so close at hand in terms of if you’re going to get vaccinated in two weeks,” Siegel added, “You don’t want to get infected now.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "JAMA and Other Medical Journals Under Fire After Disastrous Podcast on Racism in Medicine",
"headTitle": "JAMA and Other Medical Journals Under Fire After Disastrous Podcast on Racism in Medicine | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Weeks after it was scrubbed from the \u003cem>Journal of the American Medical Association’s\u003c/em> website, a disastrous podcast — whose host, a white editor and physician, questioned whether racism even exists in medicine — is surfacing complaints that JAMA and other elite medical journals have routinely excluded, minimized, and mishandled issues of race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent examples include research blaming higher death rates from COVID-19 in African Americans on a single gene in their nasal passages; a letter claiming structural racism doesn’t play a role in pulse oximeters working less well on patients with dark skin because machines can’t exhibit bias; and an article claiming that students of programs designed to increase diversity in medicine won’t make good doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say such ideas, published in powerful journals that doctors look to for leadership and education, are serving to perpetuate and entrench health inequities that have long harmed and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6617e1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shortened the lives\u003c/a> of many people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the voice of medicine. They set the priorities,” said Brittani James, an assistant professor of clinical family medicine at the University of Illinois College of Medicine and co-founder of the Institute for Antiracism in Medicine. She helped start a petition calling for widespread change at JAMA that has attracted nearly 8,000 signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the podcast sparked the petition drive, James said the problem goes far beyond a single podcast or a single journal. The episode at JAMA, she said, merely exposed a culture of racism that runs rife though medicine. “It’s the tip of the racist iceberg,” she said of the podcast. That listeners of the podcast were offered continuing medical education credit, she added, only rubs salt in the wound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The February podcast involved two white doctors — Ed Livingston, JAMA’s deputy editor for clinical content, and Mitchell Katz, an editor at \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em> and CEO of NYC Health + Hospitals — who are not experts in structural racism, broadcasting a conversation about that topic on JAMA’s huge and powerful platform that came across as deeply offensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Livingston questioned whether racism could be embedded in society \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d7d985bfc6bb40f1dfae872/t/6061d1425689961a044a3ac0/1617023298545/Transcript+-+Structural+Racism+for+Doctors.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">because it is “illegal”\u003c/a> and said he did not consider himself a racist because he grew up in a Jewish family and was taught never to hate. He asked whether the term racism “might be hurting us” and whether there might be a better word because “the term racism invokes feelings amongst people.” Katz repeatedly affirmed his belief that structural racism exists but was later criticized by some for coddling Livingston. Katz has since condemned the podcast and said he was not involved in its production and firmly believes structural racism exists in medicine. Livingston has not commented publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uproar over the podcast led the journal to ask Livingston to resign. Howard Bauchner, JAMA’s editor-in-chief, apologized but was then put on administrative leave. He and other editors at JAMA have refused to comment, pending the outcome of an investigation of the matter by outside counsel. The journal is owned by the American Medical Association, the nation’s leading physicians organization, but has editorial independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say problems at \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> and its network of medical journals include limiting publication of scholarship on how racism affects health and suggesting papers involving racism be submitted not as research articles, which have the most clinical impact, but as opinion pieces or “Perspectives,” a series in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em> featuring “stories about the joys and challenges of practicing general medicine and truths discovered along the way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other problems they cite include editors asking authors to scrub the term racism from their manuscripts even as they publish other manuscripts that include outdated and racist notions, such as the idea that genetic and not social factors may explain the higher rates of COVID-19 death and hospitalization among people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problematic articles have appeared recently and steadily in \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> and other prominent medical journals, even as discussions of racism in medicine have taken center stage during the pandemic and as journals and medical associations have publicly affirmed the Black Lives Matter movement and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/about/board-trustees/ama-board-trustees-pledges-action-against-racism-and-police-brutality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their own commitment to racial equality\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2770682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">September \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> paper\u003c/a> suggested African Americans may have higher rates of COVID-19 because of differences in the expression of a certain gene in the nasal epithelium, despite the fact that the clinical relevance of that gene’s expression is unknown and Hispanic people, who also have higher death rates from COVID-19, do not have a higher rate of expression of the gene. “That’s biomedical racism to a T,” James said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an October \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> paper\u003c/a> on the association between air pollution and poor birth outcomes failed to examine the role racism plays in environmental exposure to poorer air. And an article about the high rates of hospitalization among people of color with COVID-19 in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00598\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published online in \u003cem>Health Affairs\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in May, initially questioned whether there could be “some unknown or unmeasured genetic or biological factors that increase the severity of this illness for African Americans.” In response to criticism, the paper was later revised to remove this language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An article published in August in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Heart Association\u003c/em>, arguing that students of educational programs intended to increase diversity would \u003ca href=\"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.015959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">make poorer clinicians\u003c/a>, was retracted after many physicians questioned how the article — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.014602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rife with stereotypes and errors\u003c/a> — made it past reviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a letter published just last week in the\u003cem> New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2101321\">disputed\u003c/a> use of the phrase “structural racism” when discussing the fact that pulse oximeters — oxygen sensors that are critical tools for COVID-19 care and were developed and tested largely on people with white skin — \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/02/10/pulse-oximeters-racial-disparities/\">work less well on people with Black skin.\u003c/a> “Medical devices such as pulse oximeters are blind to color and cannot exhibit such a bias,” the author wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months before the recent podcast, Rhea Boyd, a pediatrician and public health advocate in Palo Alto, California, had taken to Twitter to call out JAMA’s poor record on studies involving race. With colleagues Edwin Lindo, Lachelle Weeks and Monica McLemore, she wrote a piece in \u003cem>Health Affairs\u003c/em> in July \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200630.939347/full/\">calling for a higher standard\u003c/a> for publishing on racial health inequities. “The bar hasn’t been high enough,” she told STAT. “We don’t treat scholarship around race the same way we do other health issues. When we do that, we sell this field short.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyd said researchers need to do a better job of defining race, specifying the reason they use it in studies, refraining from using genetic definitions of race that are not grounded in science, and citing experts who have rigorously studied the effects of racism. She said journals should reject articles on health inequities that don’t examine racism, use reviewers who are experienced in the scholarship of racism, and consider compensating reviewers, particularly those of color, who are increasingly being asked to share their expertise for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crucially, she said, scholars and journal editors must openly use the term racism, something many have clearly been uncomfortable with. “In doing this, we obscure ways that racism drives health inequities,” said Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Weeks after it was scrubbed from the Journal of the American Medical Association's website, a disastrous podcast whose host questioned whether racism exists in medicine is surfacing complaints that elite medical journals have routinely excluded, minimized and mishandled issues of race.",
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"description": "Weeks after it was scrubbed from the Journal of the American Medical Association's website, a disastrous podcast whose host questioned whether racism exists in medicine is surfacing complaints that elite medical journals have routinely excluded, minimized and mishandled issues of race.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Weeks after it was scrubbed from the \u003cem>Journal of the American Medical Association’s\u003c/em> website, a disastrous podcast — whose host, a white editor and physician, questioned whether racism even exists in medicine — is surfacing complaints that JAMA and other elite medical journals have routinely excluded, minimized, and mishandled issues of race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent examples include research blaming higher death rates from COVID-19 in African Americans on a single gene in their nasal passages; a letter claiming structural racism doesn’t play a role in pulse oximeters working less well on patients with dark skin because machines can’t exhibit bias; and an article claiming that students of programs designed to increase diversity in medicine won’t make good doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say such ideas, published in powerful journals that doctors look to for leadership and education, are serving to perpetuate and entrench health inequities that have long harmed and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6617e1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shortened the lives\u003c/a> of many people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the voice of medicine. They set the priorities,” said Brittani James, an assistant professor of clinical family medicine at the University of Illinois College of Medicine and co-founder of the Institute for Antiracism in Medicine. She helped start a petition calling for widespread change at JAMA that has attracted nearly 8,000 signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the podcast sparked the petition drive, James said the problem goes far beyond a single podcast or a single journal. The episode at JAMA, she said, merely exposed a culture of racism that runs rife though medicine. “It’s the tip of the racist iceberg,” she said of the podcast. That listeners of the podcast were offered continuing medical education credit, she added, only rubs salt in the wound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The February podcast involved two white doctors — Ed Livingston, JAMA’s deputy editor for clinical content, and Mitchell Katz, an editor at \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em> and CEO of NYC Health + Hospitals — who are not experts in structural racism, broadcasting a conversation about that topic on JAMA’s huge and powerful platform that came across as deeply offensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Livingston questioned whether racism could be embedded in society \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d7d985bfc6bb40f1dfae872/t/6061d1425689961a044a3ac0/1617023298545/Transcript+-+Structural+Racism+for+Doctors.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">because it is “illegal”\u003c/a> and said he did not consider himself a racist because he grew up in a Jewish family and was taught never to hate. He asked whether the term racism “might be hurting us” and whether there might be a better word because “the term racism invokes feelings amongst people.” Katz repeatedly affirmed his belief that structural racism exists but was later criticized by some for coddling Livingston. Katz has since condemned the podcast and said he was not involved in its production and firmly believes structural racism exists in medicine. Livingston has not commented publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uproar over the podcast led the journal to ask Livingston to resign. Howard Bauchner, JAMA’s editor-in-chief, apologized but was then put on administrative leave. He and other editors at JAMA have refused to comment, pending the outcome of an investigation of the matter by outside counsel. The journal is owned by the American Medical Association, the nation’s leading physicians organization, but has editorial independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say problems at \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> and its network of medical journals include limiting publication of scholarship on how racism affects health and suggesting papers involving racism be submitted not as research articles, which have the most clinical impact, but as opinion pieces or “Perspectives,” a series in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em> featuring “stories about the joys and challenges of practicing general medicine and truths discovered along the way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other problems they cite include editors asking authors to scrub the term racism from their manuscripts even as they publish other manuscripts that include outdated and racist notions, such as the idea that genetic and not social factors may explain the higher rates of COVID-19 death and hospitalization among people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problematic articles have appeared recently and steadily in \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> and other prominent medical journals, even as discussions of racism in medicine have taken center stage during the pandemic and as journals and medical associations have publicly affirmed the Black Lives Matter movement and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/about/board-trustees/ama-board-trustees-pledges-action-against-racism-and-police-brutality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their own commitment to racial equality\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2770682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">September \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> paper\u003c/a> suggested African Americans may have higher rates of COVID-19 because of differences in the expression of a certain gene in the nasal epithelium, despite the fact that the clinical relevance of that gene’s expression is unknown and Hispanic people, who also have higher death rates from COVID-19, do not have a higher rate of expression of the gene. “That’s biomedical racism to a T,” James said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an October \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> paper\u003c/a> on the association between air pollution and poor birth outcomes failed to examine the role racism plays in environmental exposure to poorer air. And an article about the high rates of hospitalization among people of color with COVID-19 in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00598\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published online in \u003cem>Health Affairs\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in May, initially questioned whether there could be “some unknown or unmeasured genetic or biological factors that increase the severity of this illness for African Americans.” In response to criticism, the paper was later revised to remove this language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An article published in August in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Heart Association\u003c/em>, arguing that students of educational programs intended to increase diversity would \u003ca href=\"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.015959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">make poorer clinicians\u003c/a>, was retracted after many physicians questioned how the article — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.014602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rife with stereotypes and errors\u003c/a> — made it past reviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a letter published just last week in the\u003cem> New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2101321\">disputed\u003c/a> use of the phrase “structural racism” when discussing the fact that pulse oximeters — oxygen sensors that are critical tools for COVID-19 care and were developed and tested largely on people with white skin — \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/02/10/pulse-oximeters-racial-disparities/\">work less well on people with Black skin.\u003c/a> “Medical devices such as pulse oximeters are blind to color and cannot exhibit such a bias,” the author wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months before the recent podcast, Rhea Boyd, a pediatrician and public health advocate in Palo Alto, California, had taken to Twitter to call out JAMA’s poor record on studies involving race. With colleagues Edwin Lindo, Lachelle Weeks and Monica McLemore, she wrote a piece in \u003cem>Health Affairs\u003c/em> in July \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200630.939347/full/\">calling for a higher standard\u003c/a> for publishing on racial health inequities. “The bar hasn’t been high enough,” she told STAT. “We don’t treat scholarship around race the same way we do other health issues. When we do that, we sell this field short.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyd said researchers need to do a better job of defining race, specifying the reason they use it in studies, refraining from using genetic definitions of race that are not grounded in science, and citing experts who have rigorously studied the effects of racism. She said journals should reject articles on health inequities that don’t examine racism, use reviewers who are experienced in the scholarship of racism, and consider compensating reviewers, particularly those of color, who are increasingly being asked to share their expertise for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crucially, she said, scholars and journal editors must openly use the term racism, something many have clearly been uncomfortable with. “In doing this, we obscure ways that racism drives health inequities,” said Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Worst. Editorial. Guidance. Ever.' KQED Science Reporters Reflect on the Pandemic's Early Days",
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"headTitle": "‘Worst. Editorial. Guidance. Ever.’ KQED Science Reporters Reflect on the Pandemic’s Early Days | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was a year ago that we suddenly all found ourselves working from home and obsessively washing our hands as the novel coronavirus started to spread in the U.S. and the Bay Area. A lot has changed since then: how we live, work, parent, plan and communicate. The coronavirus is hardly “novel” anymore. It has altered all of our lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[aside postID=news_11855623,news_11864473]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>KQED science reporters \u003cb>Lesley McClurg\u003c/b> and \u003cb>Peter Arcuni\u003c/b>, along with science editor \u003cb>Jon Brooks\u003c/b>, spoke with Morning Edition host Brian Watt about what it was like to cover an unprecedented global pandemic over the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You have been covering COVID-19 since before it was even called that. Can you take us back to those early days before we knew much about the virus?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[aside postID=science_1972824]\u003c/span>\u003cem>Peter Arcuni\u003c/em>:\u003c/i> I remember coming into work last January expecting to do a story about fish ears. But my editor pulled me aside and said, ‘Hey, we need you to roll on a CDC teleconference about an outbreak of this new virus in China.’ And that’s when I learned about it for the first time. At that point, we didn’t even know what to call it. It didn’t have an official name, and what was a coronavirus anyway? As reporters, I think we were all just scrambling to figure out how serious it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Lesley McClurg:\u003c/i> I think it was the exact same morning that I heard my first news clip about some virus circulating in China. I went back and listened and 17 people had died by that point. I was assigned to go to the San Francisco International Airport and just meet people coming in from a place called Wuhan and asked them, “What is it like in China?” So I raced to the airport. I had no idea even how to say the word Wuhan. I remember being really embarrassed about that. So I’m waiting for people coming in from customs and some are wearing masks and I start talking to them. I remember one woman, she was actually carrying her mask, and she was obviously not very worried about the new “coronavirus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people were pretty excited to come to San Francisco. It was Lunar New Year. That was the last direct flight to come in from Wuhan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Jon Brooks:\u003c/i> What I remember clearly is talking to the head of our online engagement team in January after the first U.S. cases were reported. She was concerned about this coronavirus thing. I had seen things in the news and we hadn’t really been covering it. And I remember telling her, “Yeah, don’t worry about it.” Worst. Editorial. Guidance. Ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after that, we did have a lot of editorial discussion over how much attention to give this. I remember talking to our NPR colleagues about not wanting to overplay this because we didn’t quite know what was happening. We did not want to panic anyone unnecessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What is a story you remember doing that really sticks out in your memory?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>LM:\u003c/i> The virus hit home for me in April. I was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960827/vaping-may-increase-covid-19-risk-even-for-the-young-healthy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interviewing this young guy\u003c/a> named Colin Finnerty, a 21-year-old who works at a ski resort; he’s a lift operator there. The virus just took him out. This kid spent 10 days in the hospital. He almost didn’t make it. And that’s when I remember thinking, okay, this thing is not the flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>PA:\u003c/i> In the beginning the virus really was this scary unknown for people. So as reporters, we wanted to start putting a face to it. The first person I got to know who had it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1958262/whats-it-like-to-be-in-quarantine-with-the-coronavirus-meet-carl-34-days-counting\">a cruise ship passenger\u003c/a> named Carl Goldman who wound up in Nebraska in a biocontainment lockdown facility for a month. Nowadays, he would probably just spend two weeks at home isolating. But what struck me was Carl’s super positive attitude. I remember him talking about doing his 10,000 steps in this tiny room in Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke to Carl a few weeks ago, and unfortunately he has some long hauler symptoms. He’s actually been in a wheelchair due to a nerve condition that he and his doctors think could have been exacerbated by COVID-19. But Carl being Carl, he’s kept positive. He even wants to book another cruise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>JB:\u003c/i> I edited one of Lesley’s stories about doctors and nurses who were absolutely exhausted and feeling “betrayed” by people who weren’t following the guidelines. These health care workers were breaking down, witnessing so much death and pain. And they knew it didn’t have to be this way. They knew if people had just followed the guidelines, they wouldn’t be there in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing I remember is, I was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates\">live blogging\u003c/a> everything. And then when the news came down that Major League Baseball was shutting down — that of all things hit me — because they played entire seasons during World War II. They did not stop. If they were shutting down Major League Baseball, exactly what were we dealing with here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Things really were moving fast. You could go to the kitchen to get a glass of water and the whole story changed when you got back to your computer. So did covering the coronavirus change how you report your stories?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>LM:\u003c/i> As a science reporter, you really want science to be way down the line in terms of our understanding of something. It has to be vetted by journals and editors and peers. And you don’t put it on the air until we really know that it’s solid, factual science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point in the coronavirus, we didn’t know anything. And so we’re putting stuff on the air that’s a preprint, stuff that has never been vetted by peer review. You know, can you get the coronavirus from touching a surface? Is it airborne? We didn’t know whether those answers were concrete, and we had to be vetting them on the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think my takeaway is that, as science reporters, we need to do a lot more educating the public about the scientific process so they understand that’s how science works. Because I think they were really confused that we had information that changed over time, and yet that really is science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>JB:\u003c/i> It was not just “news you can use,” it was “news you must use.” You know: Your school won’t be open tomorrow; in fact, don’t even leave your house. What started as a science story, became a public health story, became an everything story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing was this was a very hard story to report and keep track of because the health officials sort of kept moving the goal post of what was important to them. Early on they were tracking these metrics that they called “indicators,” including contact tracing ability and protective equipment supply and other stuff. We tried to stay abreast of all that. It was a lot of work. But pretty soon they just ditched the whole thing. They scrapped it and started keeping track of other things that they felt were important. And, you know, I think they were kind of making it up as they went along and we had to go along for the ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>As the pandemic continued, was there a sense of monotony ever, even though things seem to be changing a lot, did you start feeling like you were kind of saying the same stuff?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>PA:\u003c/i> Absolutely. As much as things were changing, there were other things that were staying the same: Stay 6 feet apart; do your activities outside; wash your hands; wear your mask. I started to feel like there were only so many times I could write that story before the audience would tune out or burnout or get fatigued. For us science reporters, I think one of the big things was sitting down and talking about how we can tell these stories in new, creative ways. So we did FAQs. We made a quiz for people to test how well they were doing in their stay at home bubble. I remember doing a PSA early on with my daughter to show people how to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960866/why-washing-your-hands-works-so-well-and-how-to-do-it-right\">wash their hands\u003c/a> and why it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, and really the hope, was to help the audience, without totally freaking them out or losing them.\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>If another pandemic came around, what is your take away from this one?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>LM:\u003c/i> Well, I certainly wouldn’t run to the airport the next time a virus is circulating. Hopefully we learned some of the basics. I also think I would focus more on the positive. I think journalists are kind of inherently skeptical, kind of picky people. I think we really focused on a lot of the concerns: Do masks work 100 percent? Is this vaccine 100 percent effective? And yet masks, we have learned, work really well, even if they’re not 100 percent effective. And this vaccine is almost 100 percent effective, and I don’t think we really stressed that enough\u003cb>. \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>PA:\u003c/i> And in terms of vaccines, you know, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1972824/covid-19-vaccine-your-questions-answered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">how fast\u003c/a> we got them. A year ago, doctors were telling us it could be two years, maybe a year. We got three vaccines in less than a year, which is just crazy when you think about the decades it can take to develop other vaccines. We still don’t have a vaccine for HIV. So even with all the uncertainty and the snafus with testing and the response on the federal level, there were some real bright spots for science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>JB:\u003c/i> I will certainly remember how rapidly the rug can be pulled out from underneath the entire world. Just like that, things were shut down. But I will also remember the resilience of us, the human race. We’re still here. Take \u003cem>that,\u003c/em> coronavirus. We’re going to beat you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was a year ago that we suddenly all found ourselves working from home and obsessively washing our hands as the novel coronavirus started to spread in the U.S. and the Bay Area. A lot has changed since then: how we live, work, parent, plan and communicate. The coronavirus is hardly “novel” anymore. It has altered all of our lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/i>KQED science reporters \u003cb>Lesley McClurg\u003c/b> and \u003cb>Peter Arcuni\u003c/b>, along with science editor \u003cb>Jon Brooks\u003c/b>, spoke with Morning Edition host Brian Watt about what it was like to cover an unprecedented global pandemic over the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You have been covering COVID-19 since before it was even called that. Can you take us back to those early days before we knew much about the virus?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003cem>Peter Arcuni\u003c/em>:\u003c/i> I remember coming into work last January expecting to do a story about fish ears. But my editor pulled me aside and said, ‘Hey, we need you to roll on a CDC teleconference about an outbreak of this new virus in China.’ And that’s when I learned about it for the first time. At that point, we didn’t even know what to call it. It didn’t have an official name, and what was a coronavirus anyway? As reporters, I think we were all just scrambling to figure out how serious it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Lesley McClurg:\u003c/i> I think it was the exact same morning that I heard my first news clip about some virus circulating in China. I went back and listened and 17 people had died by that point. I was assigned to go to the San Francisco International Airport and just meet people coming in from a place called Wuhan and asked them, “What is it like in China?” So I raced to the airport. I had no idea even how to say the word Wuhan. I remember being really embarrassed about that. So I’m waiting for people coming in from customs and some are wearing masks and I start talking to them. I remember one woman, she was actually carrying her mask, and she was obviously not very worried about the new “coronavirus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people were pretty excited to come to San Francisco. It was Lunar New Year. That was the last direct flight to come in from Wuhan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Jon Brooks:\u003c/i> What I remember clearly is talking to the head of our online engagement team in January after the first U.S. cases were reported. She was concerned about this coronavirus thing. I had seen things in the news and we hadn’t really been covering it. And I remember telling her, “Yeah, don’t worry about it.” Worst. Editorial. Guidance. Ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after that, we did have a lot of editorial discussion over how much attention to give this. I remember talking to our NPR colleagues about not wanting to overplay this because we didn’t quite know what was happening. We did not want to panic anyone unnecessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What is a story you remember doing that really sticks out in your memory?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>LM:\u003c/i> The virus hit home for me in April. I was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960827/vaping-may-increase-covid-19-risk-even-for-the-young-healthy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interviewing this young guy\u003c/a> named Colin Finnerty, a 21-year-old who works at a ski resort; he’s a lift operator there. The virus just took him out. This kid spent 10 days in the hospital. He almost didn’t make it. And that’s when I remember thinking, okay, this thing is not the flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>PA:\u003c/i> In the beginning the virus really was this scary unknown for people. So as reporters, we wanted to start putting a face to it. The first person I got to know who had it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1958262/whats-it-like-to-be-in-quarantine-with-the-coronavirus-meet-carl-34-days-counting\">a cruise ship passenger\u003c/a> named Carl Goldman who wound up in Nebraska in a biocontainment lockdown facility for a month. Nowadays, he would probably just spend two weeks at home isolating. But what struck me was Carl’s super positive attitude. I remember him talking about doing his 10,000 steps in this tiny room in Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke to Carl a few weeks ago, and unfortunately he has some long hauler symptoms. He’s actually been in a wheelchair due to a nerve condition that he and his doctors think could have been exacerbated by COVID-19. But Carl being Carl, he’s kept positive. He even wants to book another cruise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>JB:\u003c/i> I edited one of Lesley’s stories about doctors and nurses who were absolutely exhausted and feeling “betrayed” by people who weren’t following the guidelines. These health care workers were breaking down, witnessing so much death and pain. And they knew it didn’t have to be this way. They knew if people had just followed the guidelines, they wouldn’t be there in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing I remember is, I was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates\">live blogging\u003c/a> everything. And then when the news came down that Major League Baseball was shutting down — that of all things hit me — because they played entire seasons during World War II. They did not stop. If they were shutting down Major League Baseball, exactly what were we dealing with here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Things really were moving fast. You could go to the kitchen to get a glass of water and the whole story changed when you got back to your computer. So did covering the coronavirus change how you report your stories?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>LM:\u003c/i> As a science reporter, you really want science to be way down the line in terms of our understanding of something. It has to be vetted by journals and editors and peers. And you don’t put it on the air until we really know that it’s solid, factual science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point in the coronavirus, we didn’t know anything. And so we’re putting stuff on the air that’s a preprint, stuff that has never been vetted by peer review. You know, can you get the coronavirus from touching a surface? Is it airborne? We didn’t know whether those answers were concrete, and we had to be vetting them on the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think my takeaway is that, as science reporters, we need to do a lot more educating the public about the scientific process so they understand that’s how science works. Because I think they were really confused that we had information that changed over time, and yet that really is science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>JB:\u003c/i> It was not just “news you can use,” it was “news you must use.” You know: Your school won’t be open tomorrow; in fact, don’t even leave your house. What started as a science story, became a public health story, became an everything story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing was this was a very hard story to report and keep track of because the health officials sort of kept moving the goal post of what was important to them. Early on they were tracking these metrics that they called “indicators,” including contact tracing ability and protective equipment supply and other stuff. We tried to stay abreast of all that. It was a lot of work. But pretty soon they just ditched the whole thing. They scrapped it and started keeping track of other things that they felt were important. And, you know, I think they were kind of making it up as they went along and we had to go along for the ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>As the pandemic continued, was there a sense of monotony ever, even though things seem to be changing a lot, did you start feeling like you were kind of saying the same stuff?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>PA:\u003c/i> Absolutely. As much as things were changing, there were other things that were staying the same: Stay 6 feet apart; do your activities outside; wash your hands; wear your mask. I started to feel like there were only so many times I could write that story before the audience would tune out or burnout or get fatigued. For us science reporters, I think one of the big things was sitting down and talking about how we can tell these stories in new, creative ways. So we did FAQs. We made a quiz for people to test how well they were doing in their stay at home bubble. I remember doing a PSA early on with my daughter to show people how to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960866/why-washing-your-hands-works-so-well-and-how-to-do-it-right\">wash their hands\u003c/a> and why it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, and really the hope, was to help the audience, without totally freaking them out or losing them.\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>If another pandemic came around, what is your take away from this one?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>LM:\u003c/i> Well, I certainly wouldn’t run to the airport the next time a virus is circulating. Hopefully we learned some of the basics. I also think I would focus more on the positive. I think journalists are kind of inherently skeptical, kind of picky people. I think we really focused on a lot of the concerns: Do masks work 100 percent? Is this vaccine 100 percent effective? And yet masks, we have learned, work really well, even if they’re not 100 percent effective. And this vaccine is almost 100 percent effective, and I don’t think we really stressed that enough\u003cb>. \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>PA:\u003c/i> And in terms of vaccines, you know, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1972824/covid-19-vaccine-your-questions-answered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">how fast\u003c/a> we got them. A year ago, doctors were telling us it could be two years, maybe a year. We got three vaccines in less than a year, which is just crazy when you think about the decades it can take to develop other vaccines. We still don’t have a vaccine for HIV. So even with all the uncertainty and the snafus with testing and the response on the federal level, there were some real bright spots for science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>JB:\u003c/i> I will certainly remember how rapidly the rug can be pulled out from underneath the entire world. Just like that, things were shut down. But I will also remember the resilience of us, the human race. We’re still here. Take \u003cem>that,\u003c/em> coronavirus. We’re going to beat you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Newsom Awarded the No-Bid Vaccine Contract to Blue Shield, a Trusted and Generous Supporter",
"headTitle": "Newsom Awarded the No-Bid Vaccine Contract to Blue Shield, a Trusted and Generous Supporter | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Gavin Newsom was just making a name for himself as mayor of San Francisco in 2005 when Blue Shield of California wrote him its first major check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young, business-friendly Democrat had exploded onto the national scene the year before by issuing same-sex marriage licenses in San Francisco, and he was pushing his next big idea, called Project Homeless Connect. The initiative would host bazaar-style events in neighborhoods across the city, linking homeless people to services like food assistance and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom needed financial support from businesses, and Blue Shield answered with a $25,000 contribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next 16 years, as Newsom’s political career flourished, the health insurance behemoth became one of his most generous and trusted supporters. It contributed nearly $23 million to Newsom’s campaigns and special causes, according to a California Healthline analysis of political and charitable contributions. Of that, nearly 90% has funded the homelessness initiatives that critics and allies say are dearest to Newsom’s heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, elected governor in 2018, in turn has rewarded Blue Shield and its executives with positions of power during the coronavirus pandemic, which has claimed nearly 56,000 Californians’ lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/article/vaccination-chaos-fuels-push-to-recall-newsom/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mounting criticism\u003c/a> early this year over the chaotic COVID-19 vaccination rollout and a growing recall effort to remove him from office, Newsom gave the insurer a $15 million, no-bid \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contract\u003c/a> to take over California’s life-or-death effort to quickly vaccinate its 40 million residents. Last spring, Newsom also enlisted Blue Shield’s CEO, Paul Markovich, to help steer the state’s coronavirus testing strategy, another component of the state’s pandemic response that had \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-04/gavin-newsom-california-coronavirus-testing-task-force\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">faltered\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Blue Shield responded early and responded often,” and it was among the first to invest in Newsom’s controversial homelessness ideas, said Philip Mangano, who led homelessness policy under former President George W. Bush and now informally advises Newsom. “Gavin understood they could be depended on over the years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Newsom’s decision to rely on Blue Shield is backfiring. A growing number of public health officials and lawmakers say Blue Shield isn’t the right choice to coordinate the state’s vaccine distribution. And California’s counties, which are implementing the state’s coronavirus response, simply refuse to sign on with the insurer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s political future now hinges, in part, on how quickly Blue Shield — which is still charged with leading how vaccines are allocated — can get shots into Californians’ arms. The Republican-driven recall campaign slams him for his response to the pandemic and for violating his own public health recommendations when he\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Newsom-attended-French-Laundry-party-with-more-15725393.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> dined last fall\u003c/a> at the exclusive French Laundry restaurant in Napa Valley with people from outside his household.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recall organizers say they have submitted 2.1 million signatures, and county election officials have until \u003ca href=\"https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/recalls/newsom-calendar.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">April 29\u003c/a> to certify that at least 1.5 million are valid in order for the state to set a recall election this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom did not respond to interview requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Shield, which has already contributed $269,000 to a political account that Newsom could tap to fight a recall election, also declined multiple interview requests. But in an email, spokesperson Don Campbell said the Oakland-based company regularly supports candidates who share its mission of improving health care access and affordability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no financial or other benefit being bestowed upon, or accrued by, Blue Shield,” Campbell said. “Blue Shield was asked by the state to help with vaccines. Our reward is to help save lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blue Shield Invested in Newsom’s Political Career Early\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Shield isn’t alone in donating to the governor and his projects. Other interest groups have given more, such as Silicon Valley’s Facebook and the health care giant Kaiser Permanente, which covers about one-quarter of the state’s population. (KHN is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente is advising Blue Shield on vaccine distribution and has a special agreement with the state to vaccinate Californians — including patients outside its system. Kaiser Permanente also invested in homelessness projects in San Francisco after Newsom got them off the ground, and twice last year responded to Newsom’s pleas for corporate dollars to combat the state’s toughest crises: It gave $25 million to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/10/09/governor-newsom-announces-release-of-147-million-in-fourth-round-of-homekey-awards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state homelessness fund\u003c/a> set up by Newsom and $9.75 million to an immigrant COVID relief fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike Blue Shield, which gave $20 million to the homelessness fund, Kaiser Permanente has never donated to Newsom as a political candidate, according to local and state campaign records. Blue Shield has given to Newsom in every elected office he has held over the past 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how the game works. It’s just about standard influence peddling,” said David McCuan, a Sonoma State University political scientist. “What’s different here is the degree, or the depth of what [Blue Shield] has done under this governor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the company has funded Newsom and his policy initiatives in a way it hasn’t contributed to other politicians at the local or state level, records show, helping elevate him to higher office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Shield wrote its first check to Newsom for $500 in 2002, when the company was based in San Francisco and he was a city supervisor pushing an ambitious social welfare agenda to help both poor people and businesses that were growing impatient with the explosion of homeless people sleeping in front of their establishments and crowding hospital emergency rooms. It was Blue Shield’s only donation to a local political race in California that year, according to records with the secretary of state’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he had ascended to the mayor’s office, 14 of Blue Shield’s top executives, including Markovich, contributed a combined $5,150 — on a single day, Aug. 22, 2007 — according to campaign statements filed with the San Francisco Ethics Commission. The company’s contributions continued when he served as lieutenant governor from 2011 to 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company’s investment in Newsom soared during the 2018 gubernatorial race. Blue Shield and its executives contributed $71,550 to Newsom’s campaign, and the company partnered with powerful labor unions to form a special committee that allowed them to spend unlimited amounts of money on Newsom’s behalf. Blue Shield chipped in \u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1394881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nearly $1 million\u003c/a> to that effort, and also gave $1 million to a committee formed by health industry groups to defeat one of Newsom’s primary opponents, then-state Treasurer John Chiang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Newsom won the election, Blue Shield contributed $100,000 to his inauguration celebration and cut a $50,000 check in his name to a charity supporting firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Newsom in office, Blue Shield focused on again giving to the governor’s deepest passion: homelessness. In January 2020, the same month Newsom promised to dedicate unprecedented resources to combating homelessness, Blue Shield announced its $20 million donation to his homelessness fund, which later transformed into “\u003ca href=\"https://www.bcsh.ca.gov/homekey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Project Homekey\u003c/a>.” That initiative is intended to finance the conversion of more than 6,000 hotel rooms across the state into housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one sector can solve the homelessness crisis alone,” Blue Shield quoted Newsom as saying in its Jan. 17, 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://news.blueshieldca.com/2020/01/17/newsom-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> announcing its donation. “It’s our collective responsibility to meet this moment with bold action and intentional leadership — and that’s exactly what Blue Shield’s leadership is doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/kkellyjanus/status/1222230500800110592?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The donation to Project Homekey came shortly before covid derailed Newsom’s sweeping health and homelessness agenda. But Newsom’s confidants say the relationship he forged with Blue Shield assured him that the company could quickly turn around the state’s troubled vaccination program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of their early investment, there was a level of trust — I would even say camaraderie — established going forward,” Mangano said. “Blue Shield took a risk way back when Gavin was becoming mayor. There are other organizations like Kaiser Permanente who have since staked out positions in support, but they weren’t there early and they weren’t the ones taking the greatest risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blue Shield Stands to Gain Enormous Prestige\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Newsom announced that Blue Shield would take over California’s vaccine distribution, he emphasized the job would be in the hands of a nonprofit with an expansive provider network equipped to quickly get vaccines into arms. While it remains a nonprofit, the state\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/blue-shield-of-california-loses-its-state-tax-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> stripped\u003c/a> Blue Shield of its tax-exempt status in 2014, alleging it operated much like a\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-blue-shield-audit-20150705-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> for-profit insurance company\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurer, which covers about 4 million Californians, took in $21 billion in revenue in 2019, the most recent year for which \u003ca href=\"https://www.blueshieldca.com/about/corporate-info/financial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data is available\u003c/a>, with net income of slightly more than $573 million. The same year, it paid Markovich $7.5 million, plus benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://healthinsuranceratings.ncqa.org/2019/HprPlandetails.aspx?id=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Committee for Quality Assurance\u003c/a> has given Blue Shield a poor rating for efficient patient care. And on the chief job Newsom is asking it to do — getting vaccines to patients — Blue Shield is average, ranking 3 out of 5 in the national ranking on flu shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other state appears to have delegated the vaccination job to an insurer, said Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association. And because counties refuse to contract with Blue Shield, the Newsom administration is scrambling to give counties the option to work with the state government instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of state and local lawmakers are calling the deal a waste of taxpayer money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think having Blue Shield step in is going to get teachers vaccinated any quicker. I don’t think it’s going to get the 70-year-old Black folks vaccinated any quicker,” said state Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sydneykamlager.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sydney Kamlager, \u003c/a>D-Los Angeles, adding that she has “more faith” in her local public health experts than in Blue Shield. “And they’re not doing it for free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has insisted that the insurer won’t be allowed to profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics of the deal argue that even though Blue Shield isn’t technically allowed to make money off vaccinating Californians, the company stands to gain enormous prestige.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since taking over the program on March 1, Markovich has appeared in press conferences and the company has produced slick advertising urging Californians to get vaccinated. In \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/fTORbQOZe94\">one ad\u003c/a>, viewers are left with the image of the company’s blue logo on a black screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not about making money. This is about the marketing opportunity it represents. It’s huge,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-blue-shield-employee-suit-20151109-story.html\">Michael Johnson\u003c/a>, a Blue Shield \u003ca href=\"https://nonprofitaccountability.org/about-me\">whistleblower\u003c/a> who left his post as director of public policy in 2015. “The reason Blue Shield has been selected for this is not because of its capabilities, but because of its relationship with Newsom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methodology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How California Healthline compiled data about political and charitable spending by Blue Shield of California and Kaiser Permanente:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political contributions: \u003c/strong>Blue Shield of California made direct contributions to Gavin Newsom’s personal campaign accounts for every political office he has held since 2002, when he served as a San Francisco supervisor. These contributions can be found on the \u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Candidates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California secretary of state’s\u003c/a> website or the \u003ca href=\"https://sfethics.org/disclosures/campaign-finance-disclosure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Ethics Commission\u003c/a> website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, Blue Shield has given large contributions to a ballot measure account run by the governor called “\u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1380675\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Newsom’s Ballot Measure Committee\u003c/a>,” which can accept unlimited amounts of money. Those contributions can be found on the California secretary of state’s website. And Blue Shield made sizable contributions, known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/content/dam/fppc/NS-Documents/TAD/Campaign%2520Manuals/Manual_4/Manual_4_Ch_11_IE_Reporting.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">independent expenditures\u003c/a>,” to two ballot measure committees that benefited Newsom’s 2018 gubernatorial bid. One, “Newsom for Governor 2018, Sponsored by Labor Organizations and \u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1394881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Blue Shield of California\u003c/a>,” was also supported by the Service Employees International Union and teachers, police and firefighters unions. The other, “\u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1400864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chiang for Governor 2018\u003c/a>; Health Care Providers for Fiscal Accountability Opposed to John,” also received contributions from the California Medical Association and California Dental Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Charitable contributions:\u003c/strong> Blue Shield and Kaiser Permanente have made “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/transparency/behested-payments.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">behested payments\u003c/a>,” which are donations to charities and other nonprofit organizations in elected officials’ names. Blue Shield gave in Newsom’s name to “Project Homeless Connect” while he was mayor and “Project Homekey” as governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente gave to Project Homekey and a state COVID immigrant relief fund in Newsom’s name. Behested payments to state elected officials are disclosed on the California Fair Political Practices Commission website, and behested payments to Newsom when he was mayor are on the San Francisco Ethics Commission website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">KHN\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ssl.google-analytics.com/collect?v=1&t=event&ec=Republish&tid=UA-53070700-2&z=1616436837010&cid=1ecd769e-ebb7-4d24-87ee-3bc7e37e40ee&ea=https%3A%2F%2Fkhn.org%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fblue-shield-spent-years-cultivating-a-relationship-with-newsom-it-got-the-state-vaccine-contract%2F&el=Blue%20Shield%20Spent%20Years%20Cultivating%20a%20Relationship%20with%20Newsom.%20It%20Got%20the%20State%20Vaccine%20Contract.\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Blue Shield has contributed $23 million to Newsom’s campaigns and special causes, according to a California Healthline analysis of political and charitable contributions.",
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"description": "Blue Shield has contributed $23 million to Newsom’s campaigns and special causes, according to a California Healthline analysis of political and charitable contributions.",
"title": "Newsom Awarded the No-Bid Vaccine Contract to Blue Shield, a Trusted and Generous Supporter | KQED",
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"headline": "Newsom Awarded the No-Bid Vaccine Contract to Blue Shield, a Trusted and Generous Supporter",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gavin Newsom was just making a name for himself as mayor of San Francisco in 2005 when Blue Shield of California wrote him its first major check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young, business-friendly Democrat had exploded onto the national scene the year before by issuing same-sex marriage licenses in San Francisco, and he was pushing his next big idea, called Project Homeless Connect. The initiative would host bazaar-style events in neighborhoods across the city, linking homeless people to services like food assistance and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom needed financial support from businesses, and Blue Shield answered with a $25,000 contribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next 16 years, as Newsom’s political career flourished, the health insurance behemoth became one of his most generous and trusted supporters. It contributed nearly $23 million to Newsom’s campaigns and special causes, according to a California Healthline analysis of political and charitable contributions. Of that, nearly 90% has funded the homelessness initiatives that critics and allies say are dearest to Newsom’s heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, elected governor in 2018, in turn has rewarded Blue Shield and its executives with positions of power during the coronavirus pandemic, which has claimed nearly 56,000 Californians’ lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/article/vaccination-chaos-fuels-push-to-recall-newsom/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mounting criticism\u003c/a> early this year over the chaotic COVID-19 vaccination rollout and a growing recall effort to remove him from office, Newsom gave the insurer a $15 million, no-bid \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contract\u003c/a> to take over California’s life-or-death effort to quickly vaccinate its 40 million residents. Last spring, Newsom also enlisted Blue Shield’s CEO, Paul Markovich, to help steer the state’s coronavirus testing strategy, another component of the state’s pandemic response that had \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-04/gavin-newsom-california-coronavirus-testing-task-force\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">faltered\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Blue Shield responded early and responded often,” and it was among the first to invest in Newsom’s controversial homelessness ideas, said Philip Mangano, who led homelessness policy under former President George W. Bush and now informally advises Newsom. “Gavin understood they could be depended on over the years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Newsom’s decision to rely on Blue Shield is backfiring. A growing number of public health officials and lawmakers say Blue Shield isn’t the right choice to coordinate the state’s vaccine distribution. And California’s counties, which are implementing the state’s coronavirus response, simply refuse to sign on with the insurer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s political future now hinges, in part, on how quickly Blue Shield — which is still charged with leading how vaccines are allocated — can get shots into Californians’ arms. The Republican-driven recall campaign slams him for his response to the pandemic and for violating his own public health recommendations when he\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Newsom-attended-French-Laundry-party-with-more-15725393.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> dined last fall\u003c/a> at the exclusive French Laundry restaurant in Napa Valley with people from outside his household.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recall organizers say they have submitted 2.1 million signatures, and county election officials have until \u003ca href=\"https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/recalls/newsom-calendar.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">April 29\u003c/a> to certify that at least 1.5 million are valid in order for the state to set a recall election this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom did not respond to interview requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Shield, which has already contributed $269,000 to a political account that Newsom could tap to fight a recall election, also declined multiple interview requests. But in an email, spokesperson Don Campbell said the Oakland-based company regularly supports candidates who share its mission of improving health care access and affordability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no financial or other benefit being bestowed upon, or accrued by, Blue Shield,” Campbell said. “Blue Shield was asked by the state to help with vaccines. Our reward is to help save lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blue Shield Invested in Newsom’s Political Career Early\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Shield isn’t alone in donating to the governor and his projects. Other interest groups have given more, such as Silicon Valley’s Facebook and the health care giant Kaiser Permanente, which covers about one-quarter of the state’s population. (KHN is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente is advising Blue Shield on vaccine distribution and has a special agreement with the state to vaccinate Californians — including patients outside its system. Kaiser Permanente also invested in homelessness projects in San Francisco after Newsom got them off the ground, and twice last year responded to Newsom’s pleas for corporate dollars to combat the state’s toughest crises: It gave $25 million to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/10/09/governor-newsom-announces-release-of-147-million-in-fourth-round-of-homekey-awards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state homelessness fund\u003c/a> set up by Newsom and $9.75 million to an immigrant COVID relief fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike Blue Shield, which gave $20 million to the homelessness fund, Kaiser Permanente has never donated to Newsom as a political candidate, according to local and state campaign records. Blue Shield has given to Newsom in every elected office he has held over the past 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how the game works. It’s just about standard influence peddling,” said David McCuan, a Sonoma State University political scientist. “What’s different here is the degree, or the depth of what [Blue Shield] has done under this governor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the company has funded Newsom and his policy initiatives in a way it hasn’t contributed to other politicians at the local or state level, records show, helping elevate him to higher office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Shield wrote its first check to Newsom for $500 in 2002, when the company was based in San Francisco and he was a city supervisor pushing an ambitious social welfare agenda to help both poor people and businesses that were growing impatient with the explosion of homeless people sleeping in front of their establishments and crowding hospital emergency rooms. It was Blue Shield’s only donation to a local political race in California that year, according to records with the secretary of state’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he had ascended to the mayor’s office, 14 of Blue Shield’s top executives, including Markovich, contributed a combined $5,150 — on a single day, Aug. 22, 2007 — according to campaign statements filed with the San Francisco Ethics Commission. The company’s contributions continued when he served as lieutenant governor from 2011 to 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company’s investment in Newsom soared during the 2018 gubernatorial race. Blue Shield and its executives contributed $71,550 to Newsom’s campaign, and the company partnered with powerful labor unions to form a special committee that allowed them to spend unlimited amounts of money on Newsom’s behalf. Blue Shield chipped in \u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1394881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nearly $1 million\u003c/a> to that effort, and also gave $1 million to a committee formed by health industry groups to defeat one of Newsom’s primary opponents, then-state Treasurer John Chiang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Newsom won the election, Blue Shield contributed $100,000 to his inauguration celebration and cut a $50,000 check in his name to a charity supporting firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Newsom in office, Blue Shield focused on again giving to the governor’s deepest passion: homelessness. In January 2020, the same month Newsom promised to dedicate unprecedented resources to combating homelessness, Blue Shield announced its $20 million donation to his homelessness fund, which later transformed into “\u003ca href=\"https://www.bcsh.ca.gov/homekey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Project Homekey\u003c/a>.” That initiative is intended to finance the conversion of more than 6,000 hotel rooms across the state into housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one sector can solve the homelessness crisis alone,” Blue Shield quoted Newsom as saying in its Jan. 17, 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://news.blueshieldca.com/2020/01/17/newsom-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> announcing its donation. “It’s our collective responsibility to meet this moment with bold action and intentional leadership — and that’s exactly what Blue Shield’s leadership is doing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The donation to Project Homekey came shortly before covid derailed Newsom’s sweeping health and homelessness agenda. But Newsom’s confidants say the relationship he forged with Blue Shield assured him that the company could quickly turn around the state’s troubled vaccination program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of their early investment, there was a level of trust — I would even say camaraderie — established going forward,” Mangano said. “Blue Shield took a risk way back when Gavin was becoming mayor. There are other organizations like Kaiser Permanente who have since staked out positions in support, but they weren’t there early and they weren’t the ones taking the greatest risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blue Shield Stands to Gain Enormous Prestige\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Newsom announced that Blue Shield would take over California’s vaccine distribution, he emphasized the job would be in the hands of a nonprofit with an expansive provider network equipped to quickly get vaccines into arms. While it remains a nonprofit, the state\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/blue-shield-of-california-loses-its-state-tax-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> stripped\u003c/a> Blue Shield of its tax-exempt status in 2014, alleging it operated much like a\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-blue-shield-audit-20150705-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> for-profit insurance company\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurer, which covers about 4 million Californians, took in $21 billion in revenue in 2019, the most recent year for which \u003ca href=\"https://www.blueshieldca.com/about/corporate-info/financial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data is available\u003c/a>, with net income of slightly more than $573 million. The same year, it paid Markovich $7.5 million, plus benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://healthinsuranceratings.ncqa.org/2019/HprPlandetails.aspx?id=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Committee for Quality Assurance\u003c/a> has given Blue Shield a poor rating for efficient patient care. And on the chief job Newsom is asking it to do — getting vaccines to patients — Blue Shield is average, ranking 3 out of 5 in the national ranking on flu shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other state appears to have delegated the vaccination job to an insurer, said Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association. And because counties refuse to contract with Blue Shield, the Newsom administration is scrambling to give counties the option to work with the state government instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of state and local lawmakers are calling the deal a waste of taxpayer money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think having Blue Shield step in is going to get teachers vaccinated any quicker. I don’t think it’s going to get the 70-year-old Black folks vaccinated any quicker,” said state Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sydneykamlager.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sydney Kamlager, \u003c/a>D-Los Angeles, adding that she has “more faith” in her local public health experts than in Blue Shield. “And they’re not doing it for free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has insisted that the insurer won’t be allowed to profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics of the deal argue that even though Blue Shield isn’t technically allowed to make money off vaccinating Californians, the company stands to gain enormous prestige.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since taking over the program on March 1, Markovich has appeared in press conferences and the company has produced slick advertising urging Californians to get vaccinated. In \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/fTORbQOZe94\">one ad\u003c/a>, viewers are left with the image of the company’s blue logo on a black screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not about making money. This is about the marketing opportunity it represents. It’s huge,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-blue-shield-employee-suit-20151109-story.html\">Michael Johnson\u003c/a>, a Blue Shield \u003ca href=\"https://nonprofitaccountability.org/about-me\">whistleblower\u003c/a> who left his post as director of public policy in 2015. “The reason Blue Shield has been selected for this is not because of its capabilities, but because of its relationship with Newsom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methodology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How California Healthline compiled data about political and charitable spending by Blue Shield of California and Kaiser Permanente:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political contributions: \u003c/strong>Blue Shield of California made direct contributions to Gavin Newsom’s personal campaign accounts for every political office he has held since 2002, when he served as a San Francisco supervisor. These contributions can be found on the \u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Candidates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California secretary of state’s\u003c/a> website or the \u003ca href=\"https://sfethics.org/disclosures/campaign-finance-disclosure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Ethics Commission\u003c/a> website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, Blue Shield has given large contributions to a ballot measure account run by the governor called “\u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1380675\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Newsom’s Ballot Measure Committee\u003c/a>,” which can accept unlimited amounts of money. Those contributions can be found on the California secretary of state’s website. And Blue Shield made sizable contributions, known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/content/dam/fppc/NS-Documents/TAD/Campaign%2520Manuals/Manual_4/Manual_4_Ch_11_IE_Reporting.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">independent expenditures\u003c/a>,” to two ballot measure committees that benefited Newsom’s 2018 gubernatorial bid. One, “Newsom for Governor 2018, Sponsored by Labor Organizations and \u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1394881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Blue Shield of California\u003c/a>,” was also supported by the Service Employees International Union and teachers, police and firefighters unions. The other, “\u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1400864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chiang for Governor 2018\u003c/a>; Health Care Providers for Fiscal Accountability Opposed to John,” also received contributions from the California Medical Association and California Dental Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Charitable contributions:\u003c/strong> Blue Shield and Kaiser Permanente have made “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/transparency/behested-payments.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">behested payments\u003c/a>,” which are donations to charities and other nonprofit organizations in elected officials’ names. Blue Shield gave in Newsom’s name to “Project Homeless Connect” while he was mayor and “Project Homekey” as governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente gave to Project Homekey and a state COVID immigrant relief fund in Newsom’s name. Behested payments to state elected officials are disclosed on the California Fair Political Practices Commission website, and behested payments to Newsom when he was mayor are on the San Francisco Ethics Commission website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">KHN\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued new guidance for vaccinated people, giving the green light to resume some pre-pandemic activities and relax precautions that have been in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html\">the new guidance says\u003c/a> people who are fully vaccinated can visit indoors with other fully vaccinated people without wearing masks or social distancing. People are considered fully vaccinated two weeks after they have gotten the second shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines (or two weeks after receiving the single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinated people can also visit, unmasked, with people from another household who are not yet vaccinated, as long as those people are at low risk of serious illness from the virus. However, the agency said, vaccinated people should continue to wear masks when they’re in public, avoid crowds and take other precautions when gathering with unvaccinated people who are at high risk of serious illness from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance also allows fully vaccinated individuals to forgo testing and quarantining following a known COVID-19 exposure, as long as they are not experiencing symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC said this new guidance is a “first step” to returning to everyday activities. There’s accumulating evidence to show that people who are fully vaccinated are less likely to become infected and also “potentially” less likely to spread the virus to others, agency officials wrote in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that people want to get vaccinated so they can get back to doing the things they enjoy with the people they love,” CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said in a statement about the new guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance is specific to freedoms that vaccinated people can resume in their own homes, but the agency warns that everyone — even those who are vaccinated — should continue to follow recommended guidelines in public settings, including wearing masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC is not updating its travel guidance at this time, Walensky said at a White House COVID-19 Response Team briefing on Monday. She stressed that everyone should continue to avoid nonessential trips, regardless of vaccination status. The CDC director cited previous spikes in case counts after surges in travel and the emergence of variants from international locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Existing travel guidance still applies in the case of fully vaccinated grandparents who are hoping to visit their low-risk family members, Walensky said in response to a reporter’s question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would like to give the opportunity to vaccinated grandparents to visit their grandchildren and children who are healthy and who are local, but our travel guidance currently has been unchanged,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three available vaccines have been proven to protect against severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19, Walensky added. But she said there is still a small risk that vaccinated people could become infected with mild or asymptomatic disease and potentially even pass it on to others who are not vaccinated. She said this remains an ongoing area of research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walensky said this is the first round of guidance, but more will follow as the science evolves and more people are fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe these recommendations are an important first step in our efforts to resume everyday activities in our communities,” she said. “However, we remain in the midst of a serious pandemic, and still over 90% of our population is not fully vaccinated, though we are working hard to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is working to scale up vaccine manufacturing and distribution and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/03/02/973030394/biden-says-u-s-will-have-vaccine-supply-for-all-adults-by-may-prioritizes-teache\">announced last week\u003c/a> that the country will have enough supply for every adult by the end of May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s seven-day average of daily vaccinations is nearly 2.2 million, and a record-breaking 2.9 million doses were administered on Saturday, according to Andy Slavitt, White House senior adviser on the White House COVID-19 Response Team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walensky said that as of Monday, about 59 million people in the U.S. have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. And about 31 million people — or 9.2% of the U.S. population — are fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the CDC’s specific guidance for what fully vaccinated people can do:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Visit with other fully vaccinated people indoors without wearing masks or physical distancing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Visit with unvaccinated people from a single household who are at low risk for severe COVID-19 disease indoors without wearing masks or physical distancing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refrain from quarantine and testing following a known exposure to COVID-19 if asymptomatic.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC said fully vaccinated people should continue to take these COVID-19 precautions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Take precautions in public like wearing a well-fitted mask and physical distancing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear masks, practice physical distancing, and adhere to other prevention measures when visiting with unvaccinated people who are at \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/index.html\">increased risk for severe COVID-19\u003c/a> disease or who have an unvaccinated household member who is at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear masks, maintain physical distance, and practice other prevention measures when visiting with unvaccinated people from multiple households;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid medium- and large-sized in-person gatherings;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Get tested if experiencing COVID-19 symptoms;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Follow guidance issued by individual employers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Follow CDC and health department travel requirements and recommendations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+Says+It%27s+Safe+For+Vaccinated+People+To+Do+These+Activities&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued new guidance for vaccinated people, giving the green light to resume some pre-pandemic activities and relax precautions that have been in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html\">the new guidance says\u003c/a> people who are fully vaccinated can visit indoors with other fully vaccinated people without wearing masks or social distancing. People are considered fully vaccinated two weeks after they have gotten the second shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines (or two weeks after receiving the single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinated people can also visit, unmasked, with people from another household who are not yet vaccinated, as long as those people are at low risk of serious illness from the virus. However, the agency said, vaccinated people should continue to wear masks when they’re in public, avoid crowds and take other precautions when gathering with unvaccinated people who are at high risk of serious illness from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance also allows fully vaccinated individuals to forgo testing and quarantining following a known COVID-19 exposure, as long as they are not experiencing symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC said this new guidance is a “first step” to returning to everyday activities. There’s accumulating evidence to show that people who are fully vaccinated are less likely to become infected and also “potentially” less likely to spread the virus to others, agency officials wrote in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that people want to get vaccinated so they can get back to doing the things they enjoy with the people they love,” CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said in a statement about the new guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance is specific to freedoms that vaccinated people can resume in their own homes, but the agency warns that everyone — even those who are vaccinated — should continue to follow recommended guidelines in public settings, including wearing masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC is not updating its travel guidance at this time, Walensky said at a White House COVID-19 Response Team briefing on Monday. She stressed that everyone should continue to avoid nonessential trips, regardless of vaccination status. The CDC director cited previous spikes in case counts after surges in travel and the emergence of variants from international locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Existing travel guidance still applies in the case of fully vaccinated grandparents who are hoping to visit their low-risk family members, Walensky said in response to a reporter’s question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would like to give the opportunity to vaccinated grandparents to visit their grandchildren and children who are healthy and who are local, but our travel guidance currently has been unchanged,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three available vaccines have been proven to protect against severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19, Walensky added. But she said there is still a small risk that vaccinated people could become infected with mild or asymptomatic disease and potentially even pass it on to others who are not vaccinated. She said this remains an ongoing area of research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walensky said this is the first round of guidance, but more will follow as the science evolves and more people are fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe these recommendations are an important first step in our efforts to resume everyday activities in our communities,” she said. “However, we remain in the midst of a serious pandemic, and still over 90% of our population is not fully vaccinated, though we are working hard to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is working to scale up vaccine manufacturing and distribution and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/03/02/973030394/biden-says-u-s-will-have-vaccine-supply-for-all-adults-by-may-prioritizes-teache\">announced last week\u003c/a> that the country will have enough supply for every adult by the end of May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s seven-day average of daily vaccinations is nearly 2.2 million, and a record-breaking 2.9 million doses were administered on Saturday, according to Andy Slavitt, White House senior adviser on the White House COVID-19 Response Team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walensky said that as of Monday, about 59 million people in the U.S. have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. And about 31 million people — or 9.2% of the U.S. population — are fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the CDC’s specific guidance for what fully vaccinated people can do:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Visit with other fully vaccinated people indoors without wearing masks or physical distancing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Visit with unvaccinated people from a single household who are at low risk for severe COVID-19 disease indoors without wearing masks or physical distancing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refrain from quarantine and testing following a known exposure to COVID-19 if asymptomatic.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC said fully vaccinated people should continue to take these COVID-19 precautions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Take precautions in public like wearing a well-fitted mask and physical distancing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear masks, practice physical distancing, and adhere to other prevention measures when visiting with unvaccinated people who are at \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/index.html\">increased risk for severe COVID-19\u003c/a> disease or who have an unvaccinated household member who is at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear masks, maintain physical distance, and practice other prevention measures when visiting with unvaccinated people from multiple households;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid medium- and large-sized in-person gatherings;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Get tested if experiencing COVID-19 symptoms;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Follow guidance issued by individual employers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Follow CDC and health department travel requirements and recommendations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+Says+It%27s+Safe+For+Vaccinated+People+To+Do+These+Activities&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Just One Day of Bad Air Can Impact Kids' Health. One Solution? More Prescribed Burning",
"headTitle": "Just One Day of Bad Air Can Impact Kids’ Health. One Solution? More Prescribed Burning | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>No doubt you remember the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969409/no-you-didnt-wake-up-to-the-apocalypse-wildfire-smoke-turns-bay-area-sky-orange-and-dark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">day of the orange night\u003c/a> last fall, when wildfire smoke filled the sky over the Bay Area. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83577-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent study\u003c/a> out of Stanford University suggests that exposure to that kind of smoke or air pollution can harm children’s immune and cardiovascular systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Mary Prunicki\u003c/strong> is the lead author of that study, as well as the director of air pollution and health research at Stanford’s Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research. \u003cstrong>Danielle Venton\u003c/strong> is a science reporter for KQED. They both spoke with KQED’s Brian Watt recently about children and smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What did your study find? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mary Prunicki:\u003c/em> Our study looked at over 200 children that live in the Central Valley. These kids were 6-8 years old, living in Fresno, which is consistently one of the top four cities for poor air quality in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We looked at the blood and the levels of pollution these children were exposed to at different points in time. We found that the immune system showed signs of being dysregulated, with different balances of immune cells than we typically would see in a healthy individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also found that blood pressure was associated with exposure to pollution, specifically diastolic blood pressure, which is the bottom number. While this is interesting, we’ll need to replicate it with future studies, because the few studies that have come out about children and blood pressure have been relatively inconsistent. But we’ll certainly be anxious to see where this goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long do kids need to be exposed to bad pollution or wildfire smoke to be affected?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>MP: \u003c/em>Unfortunately, the impact can occur in as short as a day. We know that chronic exposure certainly impacts health, but we found associations with even one day of pollution exposure. That is certainly startling, especially for this age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can we do to protect children? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>MP:\u003c/em> When we’re talking about wildfire smoke, unfortunately we need to keep them indoors as much as possible. If the kids need to go outside and burn off some energy, it’s always good to check the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AQI level\u003c/a> and try to pick a time of day when it seems to be the lowest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they do go outside, try to get them to not be as physically active as they normally would. If they have respiratory conditions like asthma, make sure that their inhalers are refilled and ready to go. Talk to their school about how they are planning to handle the exposure to the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, support prescribed burning, which will reduce overall our exposure to wildfire smoke in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In California, we talk a lot about ways to make wildfires less smoky. Does that mean doing more prescribed burns?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton: \u003c/em>It does. In California, there’s about 15 million acres of land that are overgrown and at risk for wildfires. Those 15 million acres need some sort of management to be brought back into balance and to become more fire resilient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best, the least expensive, the most scalable tool for that is managed fire. That’s how Native American tribes managed their lands for many thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But more prescribed fires would mean more smoke, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>DV:\u003c/em> That’s right, but we are going to have smoke either way. We can choose how bad it will be. We should think of prescribed fire as a good trade-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of control, catastrophic wildfires bring us days or weeks of really toxic smoke. When fires get out of control, they’re burning buildings and cars, putting really bad stuff in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prescribed fires are only burning vegetation — ideally only grasses, brush and small trees. The smoke is not as toxic. It’s not as thick. And burns can be timed for when the smoke will clear out of an area relatively quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we should remember that every controlled burn reduces the risk of a future catastrophic, out-of-control fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Prunicki, you’ve recently studied the impact of prescribed fire smoke versus wildfire smoke on kids, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>MP:\u003c/em> That’s correct. We actually looked at a subset of the children that I just mentioned. Some had been exposed to a prescribed fire in Yosemite at least 90 days prior to the blood draw we did, where other kids had been exposed to a wildfire in Yosemite 90 days prior to their blood draw. These kids were at least 60 miles away from where the smoke is coming from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we found is that the prescribed burn had less of an impact on immune systems than the wildfire smoke. And that makes sense from what we know from other wildfire studies and from air pollution studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How should Californians be thinking about this? How should we be changing our behavior as we are exposed to what seems to be increasing wildfire smoke?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>DV: \u003c/em>I think it’s useful to keep in mind that air quality managers are very sensitive to people who call and complain about prescribed fire smoke. Just the worry that seeing some smoke in the air will upset people has canceled some burns that otherwise would have gone ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing we can do is encourage our local and regional officials to enable more good fire, more prescribed fire, knowing that it helps prevent future bad fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A recent study out of Stanford suggests that exposure to wildfire smoke or air pollution can harm children’s immune and cardiovascular systems. But smoke from prescribed burns, which help prevent out-of-control wildfires, is less harmful. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>No doubt you remember the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969409/no-you-didnt-wake-up-to-the-apocalypse-wildfire-smoke-turns-bay-area-sky-orange-and-dark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">day of the orange night\u003c/a> last fall, when wildfire smoke filled the sky over the Bay Area. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83577-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent study\u003c/a> out of Stanford University suggests that exposure to that kind of smoke or air pollution can harm children’s immune and cardiovascular systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Mary Prunicki\u003c/strong> is the lead author of that study, as well as the director of air pollution and health research at Stanford’s Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research. \u003cstrong>Danielle Venton\u003c/strong> is a science reporter for KQED. They both spoke with KQED’s Brian Watt recently about children and smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What did your study find? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mary Prunicki:\u003c/em> Our study looked at over 200 children that live in the Central Valley. These kids were 6-8 years old, living in Fresno, which is consistently one of the top four cities for poor air quality in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We looked at the blood and the levels of pollution these children were exposed to at different points in time. We found that the immune system showed signs of being dysregulated, with different balances of immune cells than we typically would see in a healthy individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also found that blood pressure was associated with exposure to pollution, specifically diastolic blood pressure, which is the bottom number. While this is interesting, we’ll need to replicate it with future studies, because the few studies that have come out about children and blood pressure have been relatively inconsistent. But we’ll certainly be anxious to see where this goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long do kids need to be exposed to bad pollution or wildfire smoke to be affected?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>MP: \u003c/em>Unfortunately, the impact can occur in as short as a day. We know that chronic exposure certainly impacts health, but we found associations with even one day of pollution exposure. That is certainly startling, especially for this age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can we do to protect children? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>MP:\u003c/em> When we’re talking about wildfire smoke, unfortunately we need to keep them indoors as much as possible. If the kids need to go outside and burn off some energy, it’s always good to check the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AQI level\u003c/a> and try to pick a time of day when it seems to be the lowest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they do go outside, try to get them to not be as physically active as they normally would. If they have respiratory conditions like asthma, make sure that their inhalers are refilled and ready to go. Talk to their school about how they are planning to handle the exposure to the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, support prescribed burning, which will reduce overall our exposure to wildfire smoke in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In California, we talk a lot about ways to make wildfires less smoky. Does that mean doing more prescribed burns?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton: \u003c/em>It does. In California, there’s about 15 million acres of land that are overgrown and at risk for wildfires. Those 15 million acres need some sort of management to be brought back into balance and to become more fire resilient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best, the least expensive, the most scalable tool for that is managed fire. That’s how Native American tribes managed their lands for many thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But more prescribed fires would mean more smoke, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>DV:\u003c/em> That’s right, but we are going to have smoke either way. We can choose how bad it will be. We should think of prescribed fire as a good trade-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of control, catastrophic wildfires bring us days or weeks of really toxic smoke. When fires get out of control, they’re burning buildings and cars, putting really bad stuff in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prescribed fires are only burning vegetation — ideally only grasses, brush and small trees. The smoke is not as toxic. It’s not as thick. And burns can be timed for when the smoke will clear out of an area relatively quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we should remember that every controlled burn reduces the risk of a future catastrophic, out-of-control fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Prunicki, you’ve recently studied the impact of prescribed fire smoke versus wildfire smoke on kids, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>MP:\u003c/em> That’s correct. We actually looked at a subset of the children that I just mentioned. Some had been exposed to a prescribed fire in Yosemite at least 90 days prior to the blood draw we did, where other kids had been exposed to a wildfire in Yosemite 90 days prior to their blood draw. These kids were at least 60 miles away from where the smoke is coming from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we found is that the prescribed burn had less of an impact on immune systems than the wildfire smoke. And that makes sense from what we know from other wildfire studies and from air pollution studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How should Californians be thinking about this? How should we be changing our behavior as we are exposed to what seems to be increasing wildfire smoke?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>DV: \u003c/em>I think it’s useful to keep in mind that air quality managers are very sensitive to people who call and complain about prescribed fire smoke. Just the worry that seeing some smoke in the air will upset people has canceled some burns that otherwise would have gone ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing we can do is encourage our local and regional officials to enable more good fire, more prescribed fire, knowing that it helps prevent future bad fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
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