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That kind of shuttle, and small delivery trucks, will likely be the first self-driving vehicles in wide use, employing\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>GPS, 3-D imaging and other technology to process and respond to what their cameras see on the road: other cars, pavement markings, traffic signals, pedestrians, etc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say automated cars will dovetail in two ways with greenhouse-gas-cutting policies in California, where the transportation sector belches out nearly half of the state’s climate-warming emissions. They’ll be included in the fleets of ridesharing companies, reducing the number of personal cars on the road as the state transitions to electricity-powered transportation. And they’ll almost certainly operate on batteries (though some could run on zero-emission hydrogen fuel cells), helping motorists wean themselves off gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If properly managed, the coming driverless-car revolution\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>could address other vexing problems as well, said Daniel Sperling, who directs the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis. He cited his sister’s poor peripheral vision, which prevents her from driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could lead to a dramatic improvement in safety, a dramatic improvement for mobility for the elderly, for physically disabled people and for low-income communities,” he said. For many, autonomous vehicles will mean emancipation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, computer-driven cars are expected to reduce fatalities. They will never be afflicted with road rage, will not stop off after work for one too many and won’t nod off after endless hours on the road. And productivity could rise as motorists who now lose hundreds of hours idling in traffic each year are freed from the tyranny of paying attention and can legally text, work, answer email and even watch YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a significant step from allowing testing of automated cars in protected, supervised settings to unleashing them solo on the road, which experts say remains on a far horizon. There is much to be perfected: how best to turn left in traffic, for example, a maneuver that bedevils many human drivers. Multiply that by many more dicey scenarios and it makes sense that test vehicles’ current response to most obstacles is to just slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1945823 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/driverless-2-e1564428749657.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"578\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says human errors cause 94% of serious crashes, motorists are reluctant to turn over the controls to computers, telling pollsters they prefer to drive a car, not interface with one. And the potential for hacking has led some doubters to paint a future in which bad actors “weaponize” a vehicle, taking over the controls with harmful intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/AVSummaryGraphic-7.24.19.jpg\">pressing ahead\u003c/a>. It was among the first states to contemplate a future for autonomous cars, when the Legislature in 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120SB1298\">authorized\u003c/a> the Department of Motor Vehicles to devise rules for them. Those regulations are now the nation’s most extensive; in April the DMV \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/1ba842c8-c3c9-4204-affb-698d248b8a14/avldmt_InitialStatementofReasons.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=\">proposed\u003c/a> allowing testing of autonomous lightweight delivery trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to know what you are regulating, and we had to go to manufacturers to understand the technology,” said Brian Soublet, the DMV’s chief counsel, who has been writing the regulations since 2014 and is excited about leading the way. “We had to start from scratch….My kids are tired of hearing about it, but to me it’s completely fascinating—the future of how we are getting around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-wrapper -single\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research has set out \u003ca href=\"http://opr.ca.gov/planning/transportation/automated-vehicles.html\">principles\u003c/a>, such as prioritizing emissions reduction and more car-sharing, to help guide future\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>state\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>policies on smart cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California’s controversial 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1\">gas-tax increase\u003c/a> encourages the transportation department and local jurisdictions to tap road funds to build infrastructure that smart cars will require, such as traffic lights that tell them how much time remains on a green light and freeway signs that announce their messages digitally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DMV has doled out permits to more than 60 companies for testing autonomous cars—nearly 800 of them—on California streets. Those vehicles have traveled more than 3.6 million miles and have been involved in 177 collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a free-for-all. Testing has been allowed since 2014, in nearly every case with a human “safety driver” on board, able to take over the car’s controls. And, although one company, Waymo, has a permit to conduct tests without a driver, it has yet to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future can be glimpsed at a former Navy base near the Bay Area city of Concord, converted to the nation’s largest autonomous-vehicle proving ground where computer-driven cars are let off their leashes and are free to roam across 2,100 acres. The facility, \u003ca href=\"https://gomentumstation.net/about/\">GoMentum Station\u003c/a>, run by the American Automobile Association, is an innovation hive where Silicon Valley marries its futuristic vision to the automobile industry’s traditional\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>know-how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California could reap economic benefits from a smart-car industry,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>attracting new business and jobs, officials say. Researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.alixpartners.com/media-center/press-releases/alixpartners-global-automotive-industry-outlook-2019/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosautonomousvehicles&stream=autonomous-vehicles\">forecast\u003c/a> that investment in the technology, by traditional industry players and newcomers alike, will grow to $85 billion nationally through 2025, on top of $225 billion in spending on electric vehicles through 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This transformation in transportation is taking place in a deceptively modest setting. The testing area has all the dusty charm of an abandoned town: shuttered buildings and empty parking lots, along with cattle, wild turkeys and coyotes wandering freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s perfect in the eyes of Randy Iwasaki, executive director of the Contra Costa Transportation Authority, which is a partner in the facility. He guided his electric (though not autonomous) car along some of the 20 miles of rough streets on a recent day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at this road, it’s cracked, you can barely see the center line it’s so worn, there are weeds growing all over,” Iwasaki said with a trace of pride. When testing first began, researchers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>had to mow the streets because the earliest automated vehicles perceived that they had wandered off-road. The imperfections provide excellent preparation for the vehicles to navigate California’s bumpy, clogged and often chaotic streetscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility also features 45 types of intersections, various railroad crossings and a warehouse full of “targets”—vinyl deer decoys, pedestrian mannequins, bicycles and traffic cones. Such accessories help the vehicles “learn” to process what they see and make decisions through artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>camera vision is great, but the perception is not always there,” said Huei Peng, who directs an autonomous-vehicle research program at the University of Michigan. “The vehicles can see, but they can’t always understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iwasaki explained this in people terms: At age 24 or 25, humans may be at the peak of their acuity, with quick reflexes and excellent vision. But drivers of that age lack a broad base of experience to make informed decisions about the safest responses in traffic. The current generation of automated vehicles, Iwasaki reckons, is still in its 20s and has much to learn from errors on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ignorance of some learned conventions and courtesies of driving gives many motorists pause. But they can relax: California is a long way—a decade or more—from hosting truly autonomous cars on city streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iwaskai said most autonomous cars being tested in California are operating at very low speeds, almost crawling. That’s because their computers need time to analyze what they are seeing. “If computers got faster you could drive faster, but they are not ready to make that jump,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uneasy about self-driving cars? Your vehicle is partly autonomous if it has such features as cruise control, parking assist and lane-keeping notifications. If you own a Tesla, you may have the highly advanced \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/autopilot\">Autopilot\u003c/a>, which makes decisions about steering and speed that maintain the vehicle within its lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s critical is the programming instructions companies feed to their computers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to teach them decision-making of the sort human drivers make every day: Is it appropriate to break the law and cross a double yellow line to avoid an accident? Is it ok to drive on the shoulder to get around an obstacle?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programmers use real-world experiences, like the cars get at GoMentum Station, to build databases enabling the vehicles to make split-second decisions as people do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernard Soriano, deputy director of the state DMV, said his agency issues a driver’s license when a human exhibits a “minimum set of skills” and can be expected to improve over time. Autonomous cars will be held to the same standard, he said. At the moment, the state requires manufacturers to self-certify that their vehicles operate within the rules of the road—not exceeding the speed limit or crossing double lines, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicles are programmed to be cautious, to put safety first and to always obey the law. That typically translates into low speeds and frequent braking, trying the patience of the humans involved in the testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes for a sobering real-world scenario: What happens when fleets of law-abiding, speed-limit-adhering cars hit the road and mingle with California’s sometimes willful motorists, known to call their own shots?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an ongoing discussion,” Soriano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">\u003cem>CALmatters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a non-profit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is laying the groundwork for the next, slightly scary, phase in its push toward zero-emission transportation: self-driving cars packed with computers using finely tuned algorithms, high-definition cameras, radar and other high-tech gadgetry. What the driverless cars won’t feature: steering wheels, brake pedals and gas pedals.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicles, mostly electric, are already here in a limited fashion—as a slow van, for example, to move people around a Bay Area \u003ca href=\"https://ccta.net/2018/10/16/first-autonomous-shuttle-test-on-public-roads-in-ca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">office park\u003c/a>. That kind of shuttle, and small delivery trucks, will likely be the first self-driving vehicles in wide use, employing\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>GPS, 3-D imaging and other technology to process and respond to what their cameras see on the road: other cars, pavement markings, traffic signals, pedestrians, etc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say automated cars will dovetail in two ways with greenhouse-gas-cutting policies in California, where the transportation sector belches out nearly half of the state’s climate-warming emissions. They’ll be included in the fleets of ridesharing companies, reducing the number of personal cars on the road as the state transitions to electricity-powered transportation. And they’ll almost certainly operate on batteries (though some could run on zero-emission hydrogen fuel cells), helping motorists wean themselves off gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If properly managed, the coming driverless-car revolution\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>could address other vexing problems as well, said Daniel Sperling, who directs the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis. He cited his sister’s poor peripheral vision, which prevents her from driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could lead to a dramatic improvement in safety, a dramatic improvement for mobility for the elderly, for physically disabled people and for low-income communities,” he said. For many, autonomous vehicles will mean emancipation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, computer-driven cars are expected to reduce fatalities. They will never be afflicted with road rage, will not stop off after work for one too many and won’t nod off after endless hours on the road. And productivity could rise as motorists who now lose hundreds of hours idling in traffic each year are freed from the tyranny of paying attention and can legally text, work, answer email and even watch YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a significant step from allowing testing of automated cars in protected, supervised settings to unleashing them solo on the road, which experts say remains on a far horizon. There is much to be perfected: how best to turn left in traffic, for example, a maneuver that bedevils many human drivers. Multiply that by many more dicey scenarios and it makes sense that test vehicles’ current response to most obstacles is to just slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1945823 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/driverless-2-e1564428749657.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"578\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says human errors cause 94% of serious crashes, motorists are reluctant to turn over the controls to computers, telling pollsters they prefer to drive a car, not interface with one. And the potential for hacking has led some doubters to paint a future in which bad actors “weaponize” a vehicle, taking over the controls with harmful intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/AVSummaryGraphic-7.24.19.jpg\">pressing ahead\u003c/a>. It was among the first states to contemplate a future for autonomous cars, when the Legislature in 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120SB1298\">authorized\u003c/a> the Department of Motor Vehicles to devise rules for them. Those regulations are now the nation’s most extensive; in April the DMV \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/1ba842c8-c3c9-4204-affb-698d248b8a14/avldmt_InitialStatementofReasons.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=\">proposed\u003c/a> allowing testing of autonomous lightweight delivery trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to know what you are regulating, and we had to go to manufacturers to understand the technology,” said Brian Soublet, the DMV’s chief counsel, who has been writing the regulations since 2014 and is excited about leading the way. “We had to start from scratch….My kids are tired of hearing about it, but to me it’s completely fascinating—the future of how we are getting around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-wrapper -single\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research has set out \u003ca href=\"http://opr.ca.gov/planning/transportation/automated-vehicles.html\">principles\u003c/a>, such as prioritizing emissions reduction and more car-sharing, to help guide future\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>state\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>policies on smart cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California’s controversial 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1\">gas-tax increase\u003c/a> encourages the transportation department and local jurisdictions to tap road funds to build infrastructure that smart cars will require, such as traffic lights that tell them how much time remains on a green light and freeway signs that announce their messages digitally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DMV has doled out permits to more than 60 companies for testing autonomous cars—nearly 800 of them—on California streets. Those vehicles have traveled more than 3.6 million miles and have been involved in 177 collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a free-for-all. Testing has been allowed since 2014, in nearly every case with a human “safety driver” on board, able to take over the car’s controls. And, although one company, Waymo, has a permit to conduct tests without a driver, it has yet to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future can be glimpsed at a former Navy base near the Bay Area city of Concord, converted to the nation’s largest autonomous-vehicle proving ground where computer-driven cars are let off their leashes and are free to roam across 2,100 acres. The facility, \u003ca href=\"https://gomentumstation.net/about/\">GoMentum Station\u003c/a>, run by the American Automobile Association, is an innovation hive where Silicon Valley marries its futuristic vision to the automobile industry’s traditional\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>know-how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California could reap economic benefits from a smart-car industry,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>attracting new business and jobs, officials say. Researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.alixpartners.com/media-center/press-releases/alixpartners-global-automotive-industry-outlook-2019/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosautonomousvehicles&stream=autonomous-vehicles\">forecast\u003c/a> that investment in the technology, by traditional industry players and newcomers alike, will grow to $85 billion nationally through 2025, on top of $225 billion in spending on electric vehicles through 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This transformation in transportation is taking place in a deceptively modest setting. The testing area has all the dusty charm of an abandoned town: shuttered buildings and empty parking lots, along with cattle, wild turkeys and coyotes wandering freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s perfect in the eyes of Randy Iwasaki, executive director of the Contra Costa Transportation Authority, which is a partner in the facility. He guided his electric (though not autonomous) car along some of the 20 miles of rough streets on a recent day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at this road, it’s cracked, you can barely see the center line it’s so worn, there are weeds growing all over,” Iwasaki said with a trace of pride. When testing first began, researchers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>had to mow the streets because the earliest automated vehicles perceived that they had wandered off-road. The imperfections provide excellent preparation for the vehicles to navigate California’s bumpy, clogged and often chaotic streetscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility also features 45 types of intersections, various railroad crossings and a warehouse full of “targets”—vinyl deer decoys, pedestrian mannequins, bicycles and traffic cones. Such accessories help the vehicles “learn” to process what they see and make decisions through artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>camera vision is great, but the perception is not always there,” said Huei Peng, who directs an autonomous-vehicle research program at the University of Michigan. “The vehicles can see, but they can’t always understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iwasaki explained this in people terms: At age 24 or 25, humans may be at the peak of their acuity, with quick reflexes and excellent vision. But drivers of that age lack a broad base of experience to make informed decisions about the safest responses in traffic. The current generation of automated vehicles, Iwasaki reckons, is still in its 20s and has much to learn from errors on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ignorance of some learned conventions and courtesies of driving gives many motorists pause. But they can relax: California is a long way—a decade or more—from hosting truly autonomous cars on city streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iwaskai said most autonomous cars being tested in California are operating at very low speeds, almost crawling. That’s because their computers need time to analyze what they are seeing. “If computers got faster you could drive faster, but they are not ready to make that jump,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uneasy about self-driving cars? Your vehicle is partly autonomous if it has such features as cruise control, parking assist and lane-keeping notifications. If you own a Tesla, you may have the highly advanced \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/autopilot\">Autopilot\u003c/a>, which makes decisions about steering and speed that maintain the vehicle within its lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s critical is the programming instructions companies feed to their computers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to teach them decision-making of the sort human drivers make every day: Is it appropriate to break the law and cross a double yellow line to avoid an accident? Is it ok to drive on the shoulder to get around an obstacle?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programmers use real-world experiences, like the cars get at GoMentum Station, to build databases enabling the vehicles to make split-second decisions as people do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernard Soriano, deputy director of the state DMV, said his agency issues a driver’s license when a human exhibits a “minimum set of skills” and can be expected to improve over time. Autonomous cars will be held to the same standard, he said. At the moment, the state requires manufacturers to self-certify that their vehicles operate within the rules of the road—not exceeding the speed limit or crossing double lines, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicles are programmed to be cautious, to put safety first and to always obey the law. That typically translates into low speeds and frequent braking, trying the patience of the humans involved in the testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes for a sobering real-world scenario: What happens when fleets of law-abiding, speed-limit-adhering cars hit the road and mingle with California’s sometimes willful motorists, known to call their own shots?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an ongoing discussion,” Soriano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">\u003cem>CALmatters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a non-profit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "PHOTOS: Here Are Winning Photos From Cal Academy's New Show",
"headTitle": "PHOTOS: Here Are Winning Photos From Cal Academy’s New Show | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The winners of the California Academy of Sciences’ annual nature photography competition are available to see in an exhibit that opened today in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in its sixth year, the \u003ca class=\"offsite\" href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BigPicture: Natural World Photography Competition, \u003c/a>solicits pro and amateur photography from around the world. The hope is to elevate global images of nature, wildlife, and conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s theme of “Pushing the Limits,” the exhibit highlights the edge of nature, and adventure through remote and intense landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhonda Rubinstein, the Academy’s creative director and founder of the competition, said that this year’s show is different from other years. She sees more personality in the creatures and demonstrations of unusual behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to “The Human Touch,” taken by James Gifford, who captured an orphaned gorilla embracing its human caretaker in Virunga National Park in Democratic Republic of the Congo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945719\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12_Gifford_The_Human_Touch-1-800x533.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">André Bauma, the head caretaker at the Senkwekwe Center for orphaned gorillas in Virunga National Park. \u003ccite>('The Human Touch' by James Gifford)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The show includes some ominous images like “Boneyard Waltz” (at the top of the story) by Daniel Dietrich, who photographed three polar bears, their white muzzles stained red with blood from a recent meal, walking past a dark pile of whale bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some photos show the beauty and wonder of world’s most distinct landscapes, like Chiara Salvadori’s “Clouds of Salt,” a picture of one of the world’s largest salt pans located in northwestern Argentina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945724\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-800x535.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-800x535.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-160x107.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-768x514.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1020x682.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1200x803.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1920x1284.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salar de Antofalla, Argentina \u003ccite>('Clouds of Salt' by Chiara Salvadori)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Photographer Audun Rikardsen nabbed this year’s grand prize with “Taking Center Stage,” a photo of Norway’s northern coastline from the perch of a black grouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945706\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Rikardsen_Black_Grouse-800x532.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of Norway’s northern coastline from the perch of a male black grouse. \u003ccite>('Taking Center Stage' by Audun Rikardsen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People can expect to see mind-blowing images,” Rubinstein said in her email. “Photographs that are not what you think they are, or maybe you can’t even imagine what it is. Photos taken up high from drones or up close with microscopes. Or just a paw’s length away from a brown bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can view more of the winning photographs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/2019-winners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. The exhibit includes 50 photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographers representing 67 countries submitted more than 6,500 images, according to a museum release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BigPicture is chaired by California-based wildlife photographer \u003ca href=\"https://www.suzieszterhas.com/index\">Suzi Eszterhas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit, which is free with \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/hours-admission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">admission\u003c/a>, will be open from July 26 through October 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>These images originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/posts/sto/the-big-picture-2019\">bioGraphic\u003c/a>, an online magazine about science and sustainability and the official media sponsor for the California Academy of Sciences’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\">BigPicture: Natural World Photography Competition\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The winners of the California Academy of Sciences’ annual nature photography competition are available to see in an exhibit that opened today in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in its sixth year, the \u003ca class=\"offsite\" href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BigPicture: Natural World Photography Competition, \u003c/a>solicits pro and amateur photography from around the world. The hope is to elevate global images of nature, wildlife, and conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s theme of “Pushing the Limits,” the exhibit highlights the edge of nature, and adventure through remote and intense landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhonda Rubinstein, the Academy’s creative director and founder of the competition, said that this year’s show is different from other years. She sees more personality in the creatures and demonstrations of unusual behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to “The Human Touch,” taken by James Gifford, who captured an orphaned gorilla embracing its human caretaker in Virunga National Park in Democratic Republic of the Congo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945719\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12_Gifford_The_Human_Touch-1-800x533.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">André Bauma, the head caretaker at the Senkwekwe Center for orphaned gorillas in Virunga National Park. \u003ccite>('The Human Touch' by James Gifford)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The show includes some ominous images like “Boneyard Waltz” (at the top of the story) by Daniel Dietrich, who photographed three polar bears, their white muzzles stained red with blood from a recent meal, walking past a dark pile of whale bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some photos show the beauty and wonder of world’s most distinct landscapes, like Chiara Salvadori’s “Clouds of Salt,” a picture of one of the world’s largest salt pans located in northwestern Argentina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945724\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-800x535.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-800x535.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-160x107.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-768x514.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1020x682.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1200x803.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1920x1284.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salar de Antofalla, Argentina \u003ccite>('Clouds of Salt' by Chiara Salvadori)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Photographer Audun Rikardsen nabbed this year’s grand prize with “Taking Center Stage,” a photo of Norway’s northern coastline from the perch of a black grouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945706\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Rikardsen_Black_Grouse-800x532.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of Norway’s northern coastline from the perch of a male black grouse. \u003ccite>('Taking Center Stage' by Audun Rikardsen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People can expect to see mind-blowing images,” Rubinstein said in her email. “Photographs that are not what you think they are, or maybe you can’t even imagine what it is. Photos taken up high from drones or up close with microscopes. Or just a paw’s length away from a brown bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can view more of the winning photographs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/2019-winners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. The exhibit includes 50 photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographers representing 67 countries submitted more than 6,500 images, according to a museum release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BigPicture is chaired by California-based wildlife photographer \u003ca href=\"https://www.suzieszterhas.com/index\">Suzi Eszterhas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit, which is free with \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/hours-admission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">admission\u003c/a>, will be open from July 26 through October 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>These images originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/posts/sto/the-big-picture-2019\">bioGraphic\u003c/a>, an online magazine about science and sustainability and the official media sponsor for the California Academy of Sciences’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\">BigPicture: Natural World Photography Competition\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Judge Cuts Monsanto Award by More Than Half",
"headTitle": "Judge Cuts Monsanto Award by More Than Half | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>On Thur., July 25 a judge in Alameda reduced the punitive damages awarded to Alva and Alberta Pilliod from $2 billion to $ 86.7 million. The judge’s decision was based on federal and state laws limiting the maximum allowable size for punitive damages. The couple’s compensatory damages of $55 million remain the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Original story, published May 13, 2019: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>An Alameda County jury has awarded a Livermore couple more than $2 billion in damages after they claimed that a weedkiller sold by agribusiness giant Monsanto caused them to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The verdict includes punitive damages of $1 billion each for Alva and Alberta Pilliod, ages 76 and 74. An additional $55 million was awarded to the couple in compensatory damages. The product liability case is the third in which California juries have considered scientific evidence and concluded that glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, contributes to or causes cancer in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto and its parent company, Bayer, say they will appeal the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last September, another Alameda County jury awarded groundskeeper Dewayne Johnson $289 million in compensatory and punitive damages, an amount later reduced by a superior court judge to a total of $78 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in March, a federal jury awarded more than $80 million to 70-year-old Edwin Hardeman after determining that glyphosate was a “substantial factor” in his cancer diagnosis. The case, heard in a district court in San Francisco, is the lead lawsuit in multidistrict litigation involving more than 1,600 plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer is appealing the Hardeman and Johnson verdicts as well as today’s jury award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘This Is Going to Continue ‘\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pilliods owned four properties on which they used Roundup. They applied the weedkiller once a week for most of the year for close to three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wished that Monsanto had warned us ahead of time about the dangers, and that there was something on the front of their label saying ‘danger,’ Alberta Pilliod said at a press conference after the verdict. “They weren’t giving us any choice, because from their ads we felt that it was incredibly safe to use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pilliods’ attorney, Brent Wisner, said the process of holding the company accountable was just beginning. “This is going to continue until Monsanto and now Bayer takes responsibility for its product. People are dying. They have the resources to pay for this case and the tens of thousands of people out there who have cancer. They just need the will to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayer.us/en/newsroom/press-releases/article/?id=123306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> , Bayer said it was “disappointed with the jury’s decision,” noting that it conflicts with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1940978/epa-reaffirms-safety-of-monsantos-weedkiller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">position\u003c/a> that Roundup is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have great sympathy for Mr. and Mrs. Pilliod,” Bayer said, “but the evidence in this case was clear that both have long histories of illnesses known to be substantial risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), most NHL has no known cause, and there is not reliable scientific evidence to conclude that glyphosate-based herbicides were the ‘but for’ cause of their illnesses as the jury was required to find in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Agency for Research on Cancer, an arm of the World Health Organization, concluded in 2015 that glyphosate is probably carcinogenic for humans. Since 2017, the state of California has considered glyphosate a known carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto and Bayer face tens of thousands of more cases making similar claims about Roundup’s toxicity. In April, U.S. District Court Judge Vince Chhabria ordered the lead lawyers for the plaintiffs’ group and attorneys for Monsanto to take part in confidential mediation, delaying a trial that was set to move forward this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The often-tense Pilliod trial drew packed courtrooms and celebrity attendees, including director Oliver Stone, singer Neil Young and actress Darryl Hannah, who \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dhlovelife/status/1123627475311837184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted\u003c/a> from the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in earlier cases, jurors in the Pilliod case heard an array of scientific experts, who testified about animal and tissue lab studies as well as epidemiological studies, in which scientists examine how, when and why diseases occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Huge Award\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One legal expert, at least, said Monsanto will not end up paying the $2 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is zero chance it will stand,” said University of California, Hastings School of Law professor David Levine. He said the ratio between the $2 billion in punitive damages and $55 million in compensatory damages is too high. He said judges rarely allow punitive damages to exceed four times actual damages awarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Supreme Court ruled in 2016 that any punitive damages exceeding 10 times the compensatory damages are likely unconstitutionally high. The court didn’t propose a ratio it felt correct, but said punitive damages should almost never exceed nine times actual damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The punitive damages awarded Monday are 36 times the actual damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits have battered Bayer’s stock since it purchased Monsanto for $63 billion last year and Bayer’s top managers are facing shareholder discontent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chairman Werner Wenning told shareholders at Bayer’s annual general meeting in Bonn last month that company leaders “very much regret” falls in its share price. At the same time, CEO Werner Baumann insisted that “the acquisition of Monsanto was and remains the right move for Bayer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer’s stock price closed Monday at $15.91 a share, down 45 cents or 2.76 percent per share, in trading on the New York Stock Exchange. The verdict was announced after the trading session closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer’s share price has lost half its value since it reached s 52-week high of $32.80 a share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Paul Elias of the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>On Thur., July 25 a judge in Alameda reduced the punitive damages awarded to Alva and Alberta Pilliod from $2 billion to $ 86.7 million. The judge’s decision was based on federal and state laws limiting the maximum allowable size for punitive damages. The couple’s compensatory damages of $55 million remain the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Original story, published May 13, 2019: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>An Alameda County jury has awarded a Livermore couple more than $2 billion in damages after they claimed that a weedkiller sold by agribusiness giant Monsanto caused them to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The verdict includes punitive damages of $1 billion each for Alva and Alberta Pilliod, ages 76 and 74. An additional $55 million was awarded to the couple in compensatory damages. The product liability case is the third in which California juries have considered scientific evidence and concluded that glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, contributes to or causes cancer in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto and its parent company, Bayer, say they will appeal the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last September, another Alameda County jury awarded groundskeeper Dewayne Johnson $289 million in compensatory and punitive damages, an amount later reduced by a superior court judge to a total of $78 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in March, a federal jury awarded more than $80 million to 70-year-old Edwin Hardeman after determining that glyphosate was a “substantial factor” in his cancer diagnosis. The case, heard in a district court in San Francisco, is the lead lawsuit in multidistrict litigation involving more than 1,600 plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer is appealing the Hardeman and Johnson verdicts as well as today’s jury award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘This Is Going to Continue ‘\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pilliods owned four properties on which they used Roundup. They applied the weedkiller once a week for most of the year for close to three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wished that Monsanto had warned us ahead of time about the dangers, and that there was something on the front of their label saying ‘danger,’ Alberta Pilliod said at a press conference after the verdict. “They weren’t giving us any choice, because from their ads we felt that it was incredibly safe to use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pilliods’ attorney, Brent Wisner, said the process of holding the company accountable was just beginning. “This is going to continue until Monsanto and now Bayer takes responsibility for its product. People are dying. They have the resources to pay for this case and the tens of thousands of people out there who have cancer. They just need the will to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayer.us/en/newsroom/press-releases/article/?id=123306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> , Bayer said it was “disappointed with the jury’s decision,” noting that it conflicts with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1940978/epa-reaffirms-safety-of-monsantos-weedkiller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">position\u003c/a> that Roundup is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have great sympathy for Mr. and Mrs. Pilliod,” Bayer said, “but the evidence in this case was clear that both have long histories of illnesses known to be substantial risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), most NHL has no known cause, and there is not reliable scientific evidence to conclude that glyphosate-based herbicides were the ‘but for’ cause of their illnesses as the jury was required to find in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Agency for Research on Cancer, an arm of the World Health Organization, concluded in 2015 that glyphosate is probably carcinogenic for humans. Since 2017, the state of California has considered glyphosate a known carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto and Bayer face tens of thousands of more cases making similar claims about Roundup’s toxicity. In April, U.S. District Court Judge Vince Chhabria ordered the lead lawyers for the plaintiffs’ group and attorneys for Monsanto to take part in confidential mediation, delaying a trial that was set to move forward this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The often-tense Pilliod trial drew packed courtrooms and celebrity attendees, including director Oliver Stone, singer Neil Young and actress Darryl Hannah, who \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dhlovelife/status/1123627475311837184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted\u003c/a> from the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in earlier cases, jurors in the Pilliod case heard an array of scientific experts, who testified about animal and tissue lab studies as well as epidemiological studies, in which scientists examine how, when and why diseases occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Huge Award\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One legal expert, at least, said Monsanto will not end up paying the $2 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is zero chance it will stand,” said University of California, Hastings School of Law professor David Levine. He said the ratio between the $2 billion in punitive damages and $55 million in compensatory damages is too high. He said judges rarely allow punitive damages to exceed four times actual damages awarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Supreme Court ruled in 2016 that any punitive damages exceeding 10 times the compensatory damages are likely unconstitutionally high. The court didn’t propose a ratio it felt correct, but said punitive damages should almost never exceed nine times actual damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The punitive damages awarded Monday are 36 times the actual damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits have battered Bayer’s stock since it purchased Monsanto for $63 billion last year and Bayer’s top managers are facing shareholder discontent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chairman Werner Wenning told shareholders at Bayer’s annual general meeting in Bonn last month that company leaders “very much regret” falls in its share price. At the same time, CEO Werner Baumann insisted that “the acquisition of Monsanto was and remains the right move for Bayer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer’s stock price closed Monday at $15.91 a share, down 45 cents or 2.76 percent per share, in trading on the New York Stock Exchange. The verdict was announced after the trading session closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer’s share price has lost half its value since it reached s 52-week high of $32.80 a share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Paul Elias of the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ky6ALcK0N_Y]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans rely heavily on pollinator bees to sustain food production globally. But for decades, the insects’ population has declined, in part because of pesticide use. If the die-off continues, it will have huge economic and public health consequences for people. William Brangham reports on groups that are working on innovative ways to save the world’s jeopardized bee population — or supplement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/as-bee-populations-decline-can-technology-help-fill-the-gap\">This story\u003c/a> was originally published on PBS Newshour.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Governor Gavin Newsom and top air regulators today announced an agreement with four major automakers on tailpipe emissions. The voluntary framework agreement with Ford, Honda, BMW of North America and Volkswagen Group of America will ramp up fuel efficiency standards over time and encourage investment in electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal between the automakers and the California Air Resources Board is a rebuke of the Trump Administration, which is preparing to loosen emission standards for small cars and trucks, one of the key steps in his effort to roll back climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Few issues are more pressing than climate change, a global threat that endangers our lives and livelihoods,” said Gov. Gavin Newsom in a statement emailed to reporters early Thursday. “I now call on the rest of the auto industry to join us, and for the Trump administration to adopt this pragmatic compromise instead of pursuing its regressive rule change. It’s the right thing for our economy, our people and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement continues to move manufacturers’ fleets toward greater efficiency, though on a slower track than California had intended. State regulations originally pushed for a fleet wide average fuel efficiency of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=NHTSA-2018-0067-2151\">has since sought\u003c/a> to freeze the standard at current levels, just under 37 miles per gallon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the terms of the new deal, the four companies agree to achieve a fleet wide average fuel efficiency of 50 miles per gallon by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, we don’t think that there is a net loss here,” said California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols. “In fact, we think it’s an important signal of the momentum, willingness, and the recognition of the companies that this is the path that they that they need to be on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, seventeen automakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943038/automakers-urge-trump-to-restart-talks-with-california-on-mileage-standards\">wrote\u003c/a> to the EPA and to Newsom to urge both sides to restart negotiations. They suggested that EPA adopt a standard halfway between California’s desired one and its proposal to freeze at current levels. “We strongly believe the best path to preserve good auto jobs and keep new vehicles affordable for more Americans is a final rule supported by all parties — including California,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said he expected other companies to sign on to the deal, but it wasn’t immediately clear that they would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are driving toward a future of zero crashes, zero emissions, and zero congestion,” said Patrick Morrissey, a spokesman for General Motors Co. “As we have stated, the pathway includes continuously improving fuel economy and our commitment to an all-electric future. Our focus remains on working with all parties on a deal that would involve a 50-state solution and a national electric vehicle program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have, and continue to pursue an outcome supported by the auto industry at large, the Federal government and the State of California,” said Karen Nielsen, a spokeswoman for Toyota. “We believe a [national] approach is optimal for the consumer, regulators and the industry as it simplifies regulations and reduces complexity and cost, which are critical to ensuring future standards can be met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal is national for the companies participating, says Severin Borenstein, an economist at UC Berkeley’s Energy Institute at Haas Business School, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872390/california-strikes-emissions-deal-with-major-carmakers\">who appeared on KQED’s Forum\u003c/a>. But the Trump administration immediately dismissed the agreement, and federal officials said they would continue work on a national standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal EPA spokesman Michael Abboud \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-emissions/california-four-automakers-defy-trump-agree-to-tighten-emissions-rules-idUSKCN1UK1OD\">said\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/california-signs-deal-with-4-automakers-to-raise-gas-mileage/2019/07/25/c4b8a7ee-aed9-11e9-9411-a608f9d0c2d3_story.html?utm_term=.75a232e3c2de\">several\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2019/07/25/automakers-trump-carbon-emissions-epa/\">times\u003c/a> on Thursday that the deal is a “PR stunt” that wouldn’t change anything or provide certainty to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says that they are continuing to work with EPA toward a federal rule, likely after Labor Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, researchers from several institutions — including University of California, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Yale — analyzed the federal plan and \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6419/1119\">found\u003c/a> that it had “fundamental flaws and inconsistencies” and is “misleading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is able to set its own stricter tailpipe emission standards under authority of the Clean Air Act; the federal government issued the state a waiver to do so, and over a dozen states have since followed suit. Revoking the waiver would require an act of Congress, which is unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there is a larger goal that the Trump administration has, which is they want to eliminate California’s waiver that allows it to promulgate its own environmental standards,” Borenstein said to KQED’s Michael Krasny. “They don’t like that in any area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon Mui, a senior scientist with the Natural Resources Defense Council, called the deal a recognition of state authority. “If they believed the states didn’t have the authority in the first place, why would they be reaching an agreement?” he said. “This is really the automakers realizing that Trump is not going to solve their problems, and California trying to bring a bit more sanity to the regulatory chaos created by trying to roll back the rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials say they will continue to enforce state regulations and challenge the Trump Administration in the courts. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Governor Gavin Newsom and top air regulators today announced an agreement with four major automakers on tailpipe emissions. The voluntary framework agreement with Ford, Honda, BMW of North America and Volkswagen Group of America will ramp up fuel efficiency standards over time and encourage investment in electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal between the automakers and the California Air Resources Board is a rebuke of the Trump Administration, which is preparing to loosen emission standards for small cars and trucks, one of the key steps in his effort to roll back climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Few issues are more pressing than climate change, a global threat that endangers our lives and livelihoods,” said Gov. Gavin Newsom in a statement emailed to reporters early Thursday. “I now call on the rest of the auto industry to join us, and for the Trump administration to adopt this pragmatic compromise instead of pursuing its regressive rule change. It’s the right thing for our economy, our people and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement continues to move manufacturers’ fleets toward greater efficiency, though on a slower track than California had intended. State regulations originally pushed for a fleet wide average fuel efficiency of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=NHTSA-2018-0067-2151\">has since sought\u003c/a> to freeze the standard at current levels, just under 37 miles per gallon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the terms of the new deal, the four companies agree to achieve a fleet wide average fuel efficiency of 50 miles per gallon by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, we don’t think that there is a net loss here,” said California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols. “In fact, we think it’s an important signal of the momentum, willingness, and the recognition of the companies that this is the path that they that they need to be on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, seventeen automakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943038/automakers-urge-trump-to-restart-talks-with-california-on-mileage-standards\">wrote\u003c/a> to the EPA and to Newsom to urge both sides to restart negotiations. They suggested that EPA adopt a standard halfway between California’s desired one and its proposal to freeze at current levels. “We strongly believe the best path to preserve good auto jobs and keep new vehicles affordable for more Americans is a final rule supported by all parties — including California,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said he expected other companies to sign on to the deal, but it wasn’t immediately clear that they would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are driving toward a future of zero crashes, zero emissions, and zero congestion,” said Patrick Morrissey, a spokesman for General Motors Co. “As we have stated, the pathway includes continuously improving fuel economy and our commitment to an all-electric future. Our focus remains on working with all parties on a deal that would involve a 50-state solution and a national electric vehicle program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have, and continue to pursue an outcome supported by the auto industry at large, the Federal government and the State of California,” said Karen Nielsen, a spokeswoman for Toyota. “We believe a [national] approach is optimal for the consumer, regulators and the industry as it simplifies regulations and reduces complexity and cost, which are critical to ensuring future standards can be met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal is national for the companies participating, says Severin Borenstein, an economist at UC Berkeley’s Energy Institute at Haas Business School, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872390/california-strikes-emissions-deal-with-major-carmakers\">who appeared on KQED’s Forum\u003c/a>. But the Trump administration immediately dismissed the agreement, and federal officials said they would continue work on a national standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal EPA spokesman Michael Abboud \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-emissions/california-four-automakers-defy-trump-agree-to-tighten-emissions-rules-idUSKCN1UK1OD\">said\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/california-signs-deal-with-4-automakers-to-raise-gas-mileage/2019/07/25/c4b8a7ee-aed9-11e9-9411-a608f9d0c2d3_story.html?utm_term=.75a232e3c2de\">several\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2019/07/25/automakers-trump-carbon-emissions-epa/\">times\u003c/a> on Thursday that the deal is a “PR stunt” that wouldn’t change anything or provide certainty to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says that they are continuing to work with EPA toward a federal rule, likely after Labor Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, researchers from several institutions — including University of California, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Yale — analyzed the federal plan and \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6419/1119\">found\u003c/a> that it had “fundamental flaws and inconsistencies” and is “misleading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is able to set its own stricter tailpipe emission standards under authority of the Clean Air Act; the federal government issued the state a waiver to do so, and over a dozen states have since followed suit. Revoking the waiver would require an act of Congress, which is unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there is a larger goal that the Trump administration has, which is they want to eliminate California’s waiver that allows it to promulgate its own environmental standards,” Borenstein said to KQED’s Michael Krasny. “They don’t like that in any area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon Mui, a senior scientist with the Natural Resources Defense Council, called the deal a recognition of state authority. “If they believed the states didn’t have the authority in the first place, why would they be reaching an agreement?” he said. “This is really the automakers realizing that Trump is not going to solve their problems, and California trying to bring a bit more sanity to the regulatory chaos created by trying to roll back the rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials say they will continue to enforce state regulations and challenge the Trump Administration in the courts. And Newsom says that he expects more manufacturers to sign on to the standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact remains these companies are committed to California’s standards,” Newsom said. “Regardless of what the EPA does, I will continue to assert that California has the right to establish them, and they will manufacture to those standards.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fight ended in Carolina Garcia’s backyard in Tombstone Territory, California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent\">For years, Sacramento lawmakers fought over how to fund efforts to clean up dirty drinking water in small towns and communities like Tombstone across the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, flanked by lawmakers, advocates, and residents like Garcia, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill that will \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">carve out $130 million annually to pay for clean water projects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The fact that more than a million Californians can’t rely on clean water to drink or bathe in, is a moral disgrace,” said Newsom in a prepared statement. “Parents shouldn’t have to worry about their kids drinking from the water fountain at school, and families shouldn’t have to dump water over their heads to shower every day.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garcia says her problem is that recent tests of her domestic well show high levels of contamination from nitrate, a by-product of nitrogen fertilizer commonly used by farms outside of Tombstone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Not only do I have to conserve my water and make sure [my well] does not go dry, but I also am living with the fear of being exposed to nitrates,” she said in Spanish to Newsom with the aid of a translator.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jovita Torres said that the well at her house went dry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It cost us $30,000,” she said, also in Spanish. “We are surrounded by agriculture. During the drought, they drilled deeper wells, which meant that our wells went dry, sooner. We have to dig deeper to have water, and that is our problem.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945576\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 486px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1945576\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water.png 486w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water-160x123.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Jovita Torres; Senator Anna Caballero; Assemblymember Richard Bloom; Gov Newson; Veronica Garibay; Senator Bill Monning; Carolina Garcia \u003ccite>(Governor Newsom's Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tombstone, located in Fresno County, is a small rural community with about 40 homes that are all on domestic wells, according to the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/water-and-drought/article233039957.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fresno Bee\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state estimates that more than a million California residents don’t have access to clean drinking water. Lawmakers all agreed that the problem needed to be addressed — just not where the money should come from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“My own daughter pays $200 a month for her water bill,” said civil rights icon Dolores Huerta to Newsom at one point during the signing, which is archived on the Governor’s Facebook page\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CAgovernor/videos/1245002185670910/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“$200 a month?” Newsom said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“And she still has to buy bottled water,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“So, she’s paying for water that she can’t drink?” Newsom said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Exactly… and just like her, hundreds of thousands of people are in the same situation as she is,” Huerta said. “They have to pay the water bill, and they still have to buy water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While she spoke, Newsom looked on with his hands pressed together.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta spent her \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/120851/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">life\u003c/a> advocating for better working conditions for farmworkers. She co-founded the United Farm Workers of America union with Cesar Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to Huerta, Newsom was joined by state Sen. Bill Monning, D-Caramel;\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sen. Anna Caballero, D-Salinas; Assemblyman Richard Bloom, D-Santa Monica; and Veronica Garibay, co-founder and co-director of Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, a public-interest law firm that’s advocated for cleaning up drinking water for residents in the San Joaquin Valley. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Communities throughout the San Joaquin Valley and beyond have had to deal with not having safe drinking water,” said Garibay, who translated the conversation between Newsom and the residents. “They are living with the fear of contamination, living with the fear of a well going dry, not having bottled water, not having the economic means to have bottled water in your home. The scale of the crisis is huge.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>Last January, Newsom made clear his intention to rebuild broken drinking water infrastructure with a tax on water bills, but the Legislature didn’t approve the plan, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with some lawmakers worried that their constituents wouldn’t accept a new monthly tax given the state’s huge budget surplus. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Instead, Newsom and the Legislature decided to use revenue from California’s cap-and-trade climate program, which was created to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and some lawmakers — most notably, State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943578/climate-funds-for-clean-water-democrats-enviro-groups-are-split\">balked\u003c/a> at that decision, arguing that it weakens the integrity of the climate program. They argued that, while important, the issue of clean drinking water has nothing to do with reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wieckowski was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944788\">only\u003c/a> state senator to vote against the plan, which passed the Senate in a 38-1 vote earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom didn’t say anything about the criticism, but his staff addressed it in a press release that was emailed to reporters. It asserted that the state will be more resilient to climate change by securing drinking water across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will use 5% of its cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fight ended in Carolina Garcia’s backyard in Tombstone Territory, California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent\">For years, Sacramento lawmakers fought over how to fund efforts to clean up dirty drinking water in small towns and communities like Tombstone across the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, flanked by lawmakers, advocates, and residents like Garcia, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill that will \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">carve out $130 million annually to pay for clean water projects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The fact that more than a million Californians can’t rely on clean water to drink or bathe in, is a moral disgrace,” said Newsom in a prepared statement. “Parents shouldn’t have to worry about their kids drinking from the water fountain at school, and families shouldn’t have to dump water over their heads to shower every day.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garcia says her problem is that recent tests of her domestic well show high levels of contamination from nitrate, a by-product of nitrogen fertilizer commonly used by farms outside of Tombstone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Not only do I have to conserve my water and make sure [my well] does not go dry, but I also am living with the fear of being exposed to nitrates,” she said in Spanish to Newsom with the aid of a translator.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jovita Torres said that the well at her house went dry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It cost us $30,000,” she said, also in Spanish. “We are surrounded by agriculture. During the drought, they drilled deeper wells, which meant that our wells went dry, sooner. We have to dig deeper to have water, and that is our problem.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945576\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 486px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1945576\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water.png 486w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water-160x123.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Jovita Torres; Senator Anna Caballero; Assemblymember Richard Bloom; Gov Newson; Veronica Garibay; Senator Bill Monning; Carolina Garcia \u003ccite>(Governor Newsom's Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tombstone, located in Fresno County, is a small rural community with about 40 homes that are all on domestic wells, according to the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/water-and-drought/article233039957.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fresno Bee\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state estimates that more than a million California residents don’t have access to clean drinking water. Lawmakers all agreed that the problem needed to be addressed — just not where the money should come from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“My own daughter pays $200 a month for her water bill,” said civil rights icon Dolores Huerta to Newsom at one point during the signing, which is archived on the Governor’s Facebook page\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CAgovernor/videos/1245002185670910/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“$200 a month?” Newsom said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“And she still has to buy bottled water,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“So, she’s paying for water that she can’t drink?” Newsom said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Exactly… and just like her, hundreds of thousands of people are in the same situation as she is,” Huerta said. “They have to pay the water bill, and they still have to buy water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While she spoke, Newsom looked on with his hands pressed together.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta spent her \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/120851/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">life\u003c/a> advocating for better working conditions for farmworkers. She co-founded the United Farm Workers of America union with Cesar Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to Huerta, Newsom was joined by state Sen. Bill Monning, D-Caramel;\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sen. Anna Caballero, D-Salinas; Assemblyman Richard Bloom, D-Santa Monica; and Veronica Garibay, co-founder and co-director of Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, a public-interest law firm that’s advocated for cleaning up drinking water for residents in the San Joaquin Valley. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Communities throughout the San Joaquin Valley and beyond have had to deal with not having safe drinking water,” said Garibay, who translated the conversation between Newsom and the residents. “They are living with the fear of contamination, living with the fear of a well going dry, not having bottled water, not having the economic means to have bottled water in your home. The scale of the crisis is huge.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>Last January, Newsom made clear his intention to rebuild broken drinking water infrastructure with a tax on water bills, but the Legislature didn’t approve the plan, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with some lawmakers worried that their constituents wouldn’t accept a new monthly tax given the state’s huge budget surplus. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Instead, Newsom and the Legislature decided to use revenue from California’s cap-and-trade climate program, which was created to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and some lawmakers — most notably, State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943578/climate-funds-for-clean-water-democrats-enviro-groups-are-split\">balked\u003c/a> at that decision, arguing that it weakens the integrity of the climate program. They argued that, while important, the issue of clean drinking water has nothing to do with reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wieckowski was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944788\">only\u003c/a> state senator to vote against the plan, which passed the Senate in a 38-1 vote earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom didn’t say anything about the criticism, but his staff addressed it in a press release that was emailed to reporters. It asserted that the state will be more resilient to climate change by securing drinking water across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will use 5% of its cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Kamala Harris Introduces $220 Billion Clean Drinking Water Bill",
"headTitle": "Kamala Harris Introduces $220 Billion Clean Drinking Water Bill | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Sen. Kamala Harris is introducing legislation designed to ensure all Americans, particularly those in at-risk communities, have access to safe, affordable drinking water, the latest response to burgeoning water crises across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Democrat and presidential candidate’s “Water Justice Act” would invest nearly $220 billion in clean and safe drinking water programs, with priority given to high-risk communities and schools. As part of that, Harris’ plan would declare a drinking water infrastructure emergency, devoting $50 billion toward communities and schools where water is contaminated to test for contaminants and to remediate toxic infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation, being introduced on Monday, also would establish a $10 billion program to allow states to offset the cost of water bills in low-income communities and environmentally at-risk households. Additionally, Harris would invest $20 billion in a variety of sustainable water supply, recycling and conservation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is focusing on the issue as she and other 2020 Democratic presidential candidates turn their sights on Michigan, where the city of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/FlintWater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flint has faced a major water crisis\u003c/a> . Harris, who \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/1648ca2ef0fe4d9897212b8e91571f5a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched her campaign\u003c/a> in January, is among the party’s candidates speaking at the NAACP’s national convention in Michigan this week. And \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/2756b13a05bb42d693e57def743d24aa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 candidates \u003c/a>seeking their party’s nomination will take the stage for the party’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/57b80aa37bd746b9a5160ba58f958dd3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second set of presidential debates\u003c/a> in Detroit on July 30-31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is partnering with Michigan Reps. Dan Kildee, who represents Flint, and Brenda Lawrence. While Flint has dealt with lead that leached into some homes after officials tapped into the Flint River in 2014, the problems also are dire in Harris’ home state, where 1 million of its nearly 40 million residents don’t have access to clean drinking water because of pollution from humans or natural causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every American has the right to clean water, period,” Harris said. “We must take seriously the existential threat represented by future water shortages and acknowledge that communities across the country — particularly communities of color — already lack access to safe and affordable water. Achieving true justice in our nation will require us to recognize the precious nature of water and take bold action to invest in long-term, sustainable solutions to ensure it is accessible for all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is not the only presidential candidate to focus on the water crisis plaguing communities around the country. Among them are former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro, who earlier this year visited Flint and released a plan to combat lead exposure, and Sens. Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Cory Booker of New Jersey, who \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/87184b84e9c64c92b0d64c778121db2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">traveled to Denmark, South Carolina,\u003c/a> where residents have struggled with tainted water.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sen. Kamala Harris is introducing legislation designed to ensure all Americans, particularly those in at-risk communities, have access to safe, affordable drinking water, the latest response to burgeoning water crises across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Democrat and presidential candidate’s “Water Justice Act” would invest nearly $220 billion in clean and safe drinking water programs, with priority given to high-risk communities and schools. As part of that, Harris’ plan would declare a drinking water infrastructure emergency, devoting $50 billion toward communities and schools where water is contaminated to test for contaminants and to remediate toxic infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation, being introduced on Monday, also would establish a $10 billion program to allow states to offset the cost of water bills in low-income communities and environmentally at-risk households. Additionally, Harris would invest $20 billion in a variety of sustainable water supply, recycling and conservation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is focusing on the issue as she and other 2020 Democratic presidential candidates turn their sights on Michigan, where the city of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/FlintWater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flint has faced a major water crisis\u003c/a> . Harris, who \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/1648ca2ef0fe4d9897212b8e91571f5a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched her campaign\u003c/a> in January, is among the party’s candidates speaking at the NAACP’s national convention in Michigan this week. And \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/2756b13a05bb42d693e57def743d24aa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 candidates \u003c/a>seeking their party’s nomination will take the stage for the party’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/57b80aa37bd746b9a5160ba58f958dd3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second set of presidential debates\u003c/a> in Detroit on July 30-31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is partnering with Michigan Reps. Dan Kildee, who represents Flint, and Brenda Lawrence. While Flint has dealt with lead that leached into some homes after officials tapped into the Flint River in 2014, the problems also are dire in Harris’ home state, where 1 million of its nearly 40 million residents don’t have access to clean drinking water because of pollution from humans or natural causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every American has the right to clean water, period,” Harris said. “We must take seriously the existential threat represented by future water shortages and acknowledge that communities across the country — particularly communities of color — already lack access to safe and affordable water. Achieving true justice in our nation will require us to recognize the precious nature of water and take bold action to invest in long-term, sustainable solutions to ensure it is accessible for all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is not the only presidential candidate to focus on the water crisis plaguing communities around the country. Among them are former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro, who earlier this year visited Flint and released a plan to combat lead exposure, and Sens. Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Cory Booker of New Jersey, who \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/87184b84e9c64c92b0d64c778121db2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">traveled to Denmark, South Carolina,\u003c/a> where residents have struggled with tainted water.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Disappearing Icons: Joshua Trees Could Die Out in Park That Bears Their Name",
"headTitle": "Disappearing Icons: Joshua Trees Could Die Out in Park That Bears Their Name | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story has been updated with new research. The original post was published on August 1, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many national parks were chosen for, and even named after, the country’s iconic natural sights, like sequoia trees, everglades and glaciers. Now, as the climate warms, many of these icons are beginning to disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> on the future of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Tree National Park\u003c/a> finds that the eponymous trees’ survival there depends on how forcefully humans act to restrict carbon pollution. The study from the Center for Conservation Biology and UC Riverside says that with little to no change in carbon emissions, by the end of the century, the trees could die off entirely within the park that bears their name. With moderate or strong interventions, the trees could survive in small remnant patches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanishing Trees\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Joshua Tree National Park in the Southern California desert, its namesake quirky trees are unmissable on the horizon, with twisted branches, shaggy bark and needle-like leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something you don’t even imagine could live on Earth and here it is,” observes Cameron Barrows, an ecologist with UC Riverside and co-author of the new study. “It’s like a Dr. Seuss book.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LISTEN:\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/07/WEBNationalParksClimateSommer160801.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884306 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua2-web2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Cameron Barrows and National Park Service biologist Kristen Lalumiere in a “climate refuge” in Joshua Tree National Park. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Were we all in a Dr. Seuss book, Barrows would be the Lorax, the character who speaks for the trees. He’s been trying to predict what will happen to Joshua trees in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest ones over there, those could be anywhere from 150 to 250 years old,” he says, pointing across the dusty valley we’re in, two hours east of Los Angeles. “Not bad for something that’s essentially a giant lily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A field crew from UC Riverside and the National Park Service has marked several large rectangular plots on the ground, mapping the location and condition of every Joshua tree, as well as every shrub and cactus. It’s part of an annual vegetation survey to document how things are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Kristen Lalumiere, National Park Service Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the Joshua trees in this valley look big and healthy. But that worries Barrows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see babies and what we’re not seeing are individual seedlings that are coming up,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youngest trees around us are 30-to-40 years old, which means seedlings aren’t surviving. The likely culprit, Barrows says, is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua trees already live on the edge, surviving 120-degree summer days and as little as one inch of rain per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re well adapted to what we have now,” Barrow says. “But you turn up the temperature a couple of degrees and that would be the end of most of these plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Joshua trees can withstand punishing desert conditions by storing water in their trunks. Seedlings are much more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897894\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua_Desktop_edited\" width=\"1040\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg 1040w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-400x321.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-800x642.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-768x617.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-960x771.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897896\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png\" alt=\"Joshua_Mobile_edited\" width=\"751\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png 751w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the rate the planet is warming, Barrows expects Joshua tree habitat in the park to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrink \u003c/a>by anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 percent\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent\u003c/a> by the end of the century, disappearing altogether if humans take little action to cut carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings shook those who love the park’s stark landscape. The bleak joke is that without Joshua trees, the park would have to change its name. Barrows says there may be a way to avoid that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Climate Refuges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half an hour away, Barrows is finding baby Joshua trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a little one sprouting there,” Barrows says, pointing to a Joshua tree that’s knee-high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This site is at a higher elevation, where it’s a bit cooler and wetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are these little niches in this landscape that should be able to sustain Joshua trees,” Barrows says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little pockets, or “climate refugia” as Barrows called them, make up a small fraction of the habitat that’s here now, but they’re still within the national park boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is actually looking pretty good,” says Kristen Lalumiere, a wildlife biologist with the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884316 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg\" alt=\"James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park service is looking at how to manage the refuge areas to preserve the trees there. That will likely mean protecting them from wildfires. Joshua trees aren’t adapted to withstand fire and invasive grasses in the park have made it easier for fire to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, Joshua trees may be able to shift outside the park’s boundary, where some already exist. In February, President Obama established the Mojave Trails National Monument, protecting 1.6 million acres next to Joshua Tree. Two other national monuments, Sand to Snow and Castle Mountains, were also created nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They connect this landscape to other protected landscapes,” says Barrows. “We’ve created an undistributed, continuous landscape where species can shift and move. The future is much brighter for biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, park officials are considering public displays, explaining to visitors that the Joshua trees they see today might one day be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evolving Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are already seeing the effects of climate change throughout the National Park system,” says Jon Jarvis, director of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long list of examples. Sea level rise threatens the everglades of Everglades National Park in Florida. Sequoia trees in Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park face drought stress from a shrinking Sierra snowpack. At Glacier National Park in Montana, its glaciers could all grind to a halt by 2030, according to Park Service projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is inevitable at this point,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884322 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg\" alt=\"The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1132\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-400x236.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1440x849.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1180x696.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-960x566.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That creates a more complicated mission for the parks. Until now, the goal has been preserving parks and all the plants and animals in them. Now, maintaining that historic picture probably isn’t possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Managing for continuous change? That’s harder to imagine, harder to visualize,” Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting the parks to open spaces will be key, so plants and animals have places to move to as the climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service’s other job will be helping the public understand what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places that people care about,” says Jarvis. “And maybe it can stimulate their own actions as a result of seeing the effects of climate change in our national parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jarvis hopes that 100 years from now, visitors will still see Joshua trees in the wild, instead of only in pictures on the park’s welcome sign.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story has been updated with new research. The original post was published on August 1, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many national parks were chosen for, and even named after, the country’s iconic natural sights, like sequoia trees, everglades and glaciers. Now, as the climate warms, many of these icons are beginning to disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> on the future of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Tree National Park\u003c/a> finds that the eponymous trees’ survival there depends on how forcefully humans act to restrict carbon pollution. The study from the Center for Conservation Biology and UC Riverside says that with little to no change in carbon emissions, by the end of the century, the trees could die off entirely within the park that bears their name. With moderate or strong interventions, the trees could survive in small remnant patches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanishing Trees\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Joshua Tree National Park in the Southern California desert, its namesake quirky trees are unmissable on the horizon, with twisted branches, shaggy bark and needle-like leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something you don’t even imagine could live on Earth and here it is,” observes Cameron Barrows, an ecologist with UC Riverside and co-author of the new study. “It’s like a Dr. Seuss book.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LISTEN:\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884306 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua2-web2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Cameron Barrows and National Park Service biologist Kristen Lalumiere in a “climate refuge” in Joshua Tree National Park. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Were we all in a Dr. Seuss book, Barrows would be the Lorax, the character who speaks for the trees. He’s been trying to predict what will happen to Joshua trees in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest ones over there, those could be anywhere from 150 to 250 years old,” he says, pointing across the dusty valley we’re in, two hours east of Los Angeles. “Not bad for something that’s essentially a giant lily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A field crew from UC Riverside and the National Park Service has marked several large rectangular plots on the ground, mapping the location and condition of every Joshua tree, as well as every shrub and cactus. It’s part of an annual vegetation survey to document how things are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Kristen Lalumiere, National Park Service Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the Joshua trees in this valley look big and healthy. But that worries Barrows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see babies and what we’re not seeing are individual seedlings that are coming up,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youngest trees around us are 30-to-40 years old, which means seedlings aren’t surviving. The likely culprit, Barrows says, is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua trees already live on the edge, surviving 120-degree summer days and as little as one inch of rain per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re well adapted to what we have now,” Barrow says. “But you turn up the temperature a couple of degrees and that would be the end of most of these plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Joshua trees can withstand punishing desert conditions by storing water in their trunks. Seedlings are much more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897894\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua_Desktop_edited\" width=\"1040\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg 1040w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-400x321.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-800x642.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-768x617.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-960x771.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897896\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png\" alt=\"Joshua_Mobile_edited\" width=\"751\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png 751w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the rate the planet is warming, Barrows expects Joshua tree habitat in the park to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrink \u003c/a>by anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 percent\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent\u003c/a> by the end of the century, disappearing altogether if humans take little action to cut carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings shook those who love the park’s stark landscape. The bleak joke is that without Joshua trees, the park would have to change its name. Barrows says there may be a way to avoid that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Climate Refuges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half an hour away, Barrows is finding baby Joshua trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a little one sprouting there,” Barrows says, pointing to a Joshua tree that’s knee-high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This site is at a higher elevation, where it’s a bit cooler and wetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are these little niches in this landscape that should be able to sustain Joshua trees,” Barrows says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little pockets, or “climate refugia” as Barrows called them, make up a small fraction of the habitat that’s here now, but they’re still within the national park boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is actually looking pretty good,” says Kristen Lalumiere, a wildlife biologist with the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884316 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg\" alt=\"James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park service is looking at how to manage the refuge areas to preserve the trees there. That will likely mean protecting them from wildfires. Joshua trees aren’t adapted to withstand fire and invasive grasses in the park have made it easier for fire to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, Joshua trees may be able to shift outside the park’s boundary, where some already exist. In February, President Obama established the Mojave Trails National Monument, protecting 1.6 million acres next to Joshua Tree. Two other national monuments, Sand to Snow and Castle Mountains, were also created nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They connect this landscape to other protected landscapes,” says Barrows. “We’ve created an undistributed, continuous landscape where species can shift and move. The future is much brighter for biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, park officials are considering public displays, explaining to visitors that the Joshua trees they see today might one day be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evolving Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are already seeing the effects of climate change throughout the National Park system,” says Jon Jarvis, director of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long list of examples. Sea level rise threatens the everglades of Everglades National Park in Florida. Sequoia trees in Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park face drought stress from a shrinking Sierra snowpack. At Glacier National Park in Montana, its glaciers could all grind to a halt by 2030, according to Park Service projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is inevitable at this point,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884322 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg\" alt=\"The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1132\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-400x236.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1440x849.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1180x696.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-960x566.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That creates a more complicated mission for the parks. Until now, the goal has been preserving parks and all the plants and animals in them. Now, maintaining that historic picture probably isn’t possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Managing for continuous change? That’s harder to imagine, harder to visualize,” Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting the parks to open spaces will be key, so plants and animals have places to move to as the climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service’s other job will be helping the public understand what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places that people care about,” says Jarvis. “And maybe it can stimulate their own actions as a result of seeing the effects of climate change in our national parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jarvis hopes that 100 years from now, visitors will still see Joshua trees in the wild, instead of only in pictures on the park’s welcome sign.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wildfire smoke isn’t great for anybody, but a new rule California regulators vote on today recognizes that it’s particularly dangerous for workers while they’re on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board will decide whether to require employers to offer workers additional protections under specific circumstances when air quality is poor. The move comes after especially active fire seasons in 2017 and 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all of California, and it’s not just a certain time, it’s all year round,” says attorney Nicole Marquez, with the advocacy group Worksafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Nicole Marquez, Worksafe']It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us. Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.[/pullquote]Small and often toxic particles of pollution in smoke — also called PM2.5 — cause chest pain and coughing, trigger asthma attacks, and boost hospital admissions during wildfires. Under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke-Emergency-txtbrdconsider.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed rule\u003c/a>, employers who cannot reschedule shifts or move their workers away from smoke hazards must provide them with N95 filtering masks when air quality reaches “unhealthy” levels on the air quality index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that way, they can use those respirators,” Marquez says, “and not be told that you have to go to Home Depot to buy an N95 when your employer should really be providing that for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As fires still burned last December, Worksafe, the California Labor Foundation, and the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation together petitioned the state’s Department of Industrial Regulation about the health risks of wildfire smoke on outdoor jobs such as construction, landscaping and farming. In March, the board \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/petition-573-adopteddecision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved consideration\u003c/a> of an emergency rule. Thursday, the board will consider both whether an emergency is happening, and if so, whether a temporary rule should take effect for 180 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1926793']“It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us,” Marquez says. “Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful wildfire smoke has long been common in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929784/breathing-fire-californias-central-valley-bears-the-brunt-of-harmful-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley\u003c/a> and in Southern California. But last year Northern California fires smothered San Francisco in more than a week of days deemed unhealthy on the AQI, and bad air hovered for almost two weeks in San Jose and Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quantifying the hazard of wildfire smoke is difficult for geophysical reasons: Smoke interacts with weather and wind patterns, for example, which is why the Bay Area’s inversion layers have locked pollutants in place for longer periods of time. And particles of the same size can contain different combinations and different amounts of toxicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, research is establishing stronger evidence that breathing smoke bears long-term health impacts as well as the acute ones during the fire itself. A \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GH000144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published last year projected that premature deaths associated with wildfire smoke could double nationally by century’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade groups and the Chamber of Commerce have not objected to the rule in principle, but have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/Comments-1/Chamber-Coalition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">critiqued\u003c/a> it as “impractically vague” and broad in scope. State workplace officials are already moving toward a permanent regulation, with a meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled\u003c/a> August 27th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfire smoke isn’t great for anybody, but a new rule California regulators vote on today recognizes that it’s particularly dangerous for workers while they’re on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board will decide whether to require employers to offer workers additional protections under specific circumstances when air quality is poor. The move comes after especially active fire seasons in 2017 and 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all of California, and it’s not just a certain time, it’s all year round,” says attorney Nicole Marquez, with the advocacy group Worksafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Small and often toxic particles of pollution in smoke — also called PM2.5 — cause chest pain and coughing, trigger asthma attacks, and boost hospital admissions during wildfires. Under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke-Emergency-txtbrdconsider.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed rule\u003c/a>, employers who cannot reschedule shifts or move their workers away from smoke hazards must provide them with N95 filtering masks when air quality reaches “unhealthy” levels on the air quality index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that way, they can use those respirators,” Marquez says, “and not be told that you have to go to Home Depot to buy an N95 when your employer should really be providing that for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As fires still burned last December, Worksafe, the California Labor Foundation, and the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation together petitioned the state’s Department of Industrial Regulation about the health risks of wildfire smoke on outdoor jobs such as construction, landscaping and farming. In March, the board \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/petition-573-adopteddecision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved consideration\u003c/a> of an emergency rule. Thursday, the board will consider both whether an emergency is happening, and if so, whether a temporary rule should take effect for 180 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us,” Marquez says. “Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful wildfire smoke has long been common in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929784/breathing-fire-californias-central-valley-bears-the-brunt-of-harmful-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley\u003c/a> and in Southern California. But last year Northern California fires smothered San Francisco in more than a week of days deemed unhealthy on the AQI, and bad air hovered for almost two weeks in San Jose and Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quantifying the hazard of wildfire smoke is difficult for geophysical reasons: Smoke interacts with weather and wind patterns, for example, which is why the Bay Area’s inversion layers have locked pollutants in place for longer periods of time. And particles of the same size can contain different combinations and different amounts of toxicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, research is establishing stronger evidence that breathing smoke bears long-term health impacts as well as the acute ones during the fire itself. A \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GH000144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published last year projected that premature deaths associated with wildfire smoke could double nationally by century’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade groups and the Chamber of Commerce have not objected to the rule in principle, but have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/Comments-1/Chamber-Coalition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">critiqued\u003c/a> it as “impractically vague” and broad in scope. State workplace officials are already moving toward a permanent regulation, with a meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled\u003c/a> August 27th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Bird Rescue Group Needs Volunteers After Fallen Tree Strands 89 Egrets, Heron Chicks",
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"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kab9GXmi9_4]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An animal rescue group is asking for help caring for 89 baby snowy egrets and black-crowned night herons left homeless last week after a tree fell in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International Bird Rescue said Wednesday it needs donations and volunteers to help feed and care for the baby birds rescued after an old ficus tree serving as a rookery split in half and partially fell last week, said JD Bergeron, the group’s executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is caring for 89 young birds and eggs rescued from the tree including, 50 snowy egrets and 22 black-crowned night herons. It also rescued 17 eggs that need intensive care and round-the-clock support. Another 20 birds died when the tree fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rescue group was already taking care of more than 200 Bay Area water birds at its busy hospital in the city of Fairfield, Bergeron said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youngest of the birds need care for at least six weeks. The oldest could be ready to fly in the next week or two, Bergeron said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But what it does mean every single day is feeding the little ones every 60 to 90 minutes, keeping all the birds in a clean enclosure, proper food and warmth, water, (and) daily checks to make sure their weight and their health status are good,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these birds did suffer trauma from falls so we have to take care of any wounds that came from that as well,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birds, which breed in large groups, began using the massive and old leafy ficus trees in downtown Oakland for nesting about 10 years ago after non-native vegetation was removed from nearby Lake Merritt, scaring them away, said Cindy Margulis, executive director of Golden Gate Audubon Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of those trees are really enormous canopies and their roots are underneath concrete so they cannot spread to get the support they need and gravity takes its toll,” Margulis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margulis, whose organization helped rescue the baby birds, said wildlife protection groups are working to get the snowy egrets and black-crowned night herons back to nest in Lake Merrit, where there are more sturdy trees and not as much concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have identified two trees and have placed speakers in them that broadcast the sounds of a breeding colony, decoys of herons and egrets and nests left over from other breeding seasons to get the birds to raise their chicks there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are visiting the destination sites so, that tells us there is interest and that’s very encouraging,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "An animal rescue group is asking for help caring for 89 baby snowy egrets and black-crowned night herons left homeless last week after a tree fell in downtown Oakland.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Kab9GXmi9_4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Kab9GXmi9_4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An animal rescue group is asking for help caring for 89 baby snowy egrets and black-crowned night herons left homeless last week after a tree fell in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International Bird Rescue said Wednesday it needs donations and volunteers to help feed and care for the baby birds rescued after an old ficus tree serving as a rookery split in half and partially fell last week, said JD Bergeron, the group’s executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is caring for 89 young birds and eggs rescued from the tree including, 50 snowy egrets and 22 black-crowned night herons. It also rescued 17 eggs that need intensive care and round-the-clock support. Another 20 birds died when the tree fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rescue group was already taking care of more than 200 Bay Area water birds at its busy hospital in the city of Fairfield, Bergeron said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youngest of the birds need care for at least six weeks. The oldest could be ready to fly in the next week or two, Bergeron said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But what it does mean every single day is feeding the little ones every 60 to 90 minutes, keeping all the birds in a clean enclosure, proper food and warmth, water, (and) daily checks to make sure their weight and their health status are good,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these birds did suffer trauma from falls so we have to take care of any wounds that came from that as well,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birds, which breed in large groups, began using the massive and old leafy ficus trees in downtown Oakland for nesting about 10 years ago after non-native vegetation was removed from nearby Lake Merritt, scaring them away, said Cindy Margulis, executive director of Golden Gate Audubon Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of those trees are really enormous canopies and their roots are underneath concrete so they cannot spread to get the support they need and gravity takes its toll,” Margulis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margulis, whose organization helped rescue the baby birds, said wildlife protection groups are working to get the snowy egrets and black-crowned night herons back to nest in Lake Merrit, where there are more sturdy trees and not as much concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have identified two trees and have placed speakers in them that broadcast the sounds of a breeding colony, decoys of herons and egrets and nests left over from other breeding seasons to get the birds to raise their chicks there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are visiting the destination sites so, that tells us there is interest and that’s very encouraging,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Underwater Video Shows Violent Shaking During 7.1M SoCal Earthquake",
"headTitle": "Underwater Video Shows Violent Shaking During 7.1M SoCal Earthquake | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.nps.gov/media/video/embed.htm?id=10BFE6E0-E94E-2768-0BCBA5F0756EA110\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, July 5th, at 8:20 pm, a 7.1 magnitude earthquake\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759142/6-4-magnitude-desert-earthquake-shakes-wide-area-in-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> rocked\u003c/a> a wide area of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake struck outside of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759431/this-town-cant-handle-any-more-ridgecrest-residents-reflect-after-back-to-back-earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ridgecrest\u003c/a>, but it was also felt about 150 miles to the east, at Devils Hole, a detached 40-acre area of Death Valley National Park that is across the California border in Nevada. That shaking is shown in a remarkable \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=10BFE6E0-E94E-2768-0BCBA5F0756EA110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video\u003c/a> released by the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clip shows water violently sloshing around, rising and falling 10 to 15 feet, according to a park estimate. The video captures two angles, one looking into the cave and the other underwater inside it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Devils Hole is a part of the desert uplands and spring-fed oases that make up the Ash Meadows complex, a national wildlife refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not the first time that a distant earthquake has been felt inside Devils Hole, a water-filled limestone cave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January 2018, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake in the Gulf of Alaska shook the cave from about 2,000 miles away, as did a similar sized \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/thousands-dead-in-china-earthquake/\">quake\u003c/a> that rocked western China in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really unique place in its relationship to earthquakes,” said Kevin Wilson, the park’s aquatic ecologist and manager of Devils Hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water in Devils Hole is incredibly deep—so deep, divers have not been able to reach the bottom and the exact depth remains unknown, Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at great distances, earthquakes affect Devils Hole because they force groundwater up into the cave, a phenomenon known as seismic seiche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945142\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male Devils Hole pupfish swims over algae. Approximate size is about an inch. \u003ccite>(NPS photo by Brett Seymour)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Devils Hole is a window into the groundwater,” Wilson said. “The earthquakes displace the water, so it will rise up quickly and then drop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wilson said that the underwater shaking and frothy white water spilling out of the cave’s mouth were “unlike anything I’ve seen here in my career,” Wilson said. “The 7.1 quake walloped Devils Hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water inside the cave is the native environment of the Devils Hole Pupfish, a critically endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park officials train cameras on the area to monitor the fish remotely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement posted with the video, the park says that fish were luckily spared. “The fish seem to be in good condition with spawning behavior occurring,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A video posted by the National Park Service shows violent shaking underwater at Devils Hole in Death Valley. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.nps.gov/media/video/embed.htm?id=10BFE6E0-E94E-2768-0BCBA5F0756EA110\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, July 5th, at 8:20 pm, a 7.1 magnitude earthquake\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759142/6-4-magnitude-desert-earthquake-shakes-wide-area-in-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> rocked\u003c/a> a wide area of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake struck outside of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759431/this-town-cant-handle-any-more-ridgecrest-residents-reflect-after-back-to-back-earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ridgecrest\u003c/a>, but it was also felt about 150 miles to the east, at Devils Hole, a detached 40-acre area of Death Valley National Park that is across the California border in Nevada. That shaking is shown in a remarkable \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=10BFE6E0-E94E-2768-0BCBA5F0756EA110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video\u003c/a> released by the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clip shows water violently sloshing around, rising and falling 10 to 15 feet, according to a park estimate. The video captures two angles, one looking into the cave and the other underwater inside it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Devils Hole is a part of the desert uplands and spring-fed oases that make up the Ash Meadows complex, a national wildlife refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not the first time that a distant earthquake has been felt inside Devils Hole, a water-filled limestone cave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January 2018, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake in the Gulf of Alaska shook the cave from about 2,000 miles away, as did a similar sized \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/thousands-dead-in-china-earthquake/\">quake\u003c/a> that rocked western China in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really unique place in its relationship to earthquakes,” said Kevin Wilson, the park’s aquatic ecologist and manager of Devils Hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water in Devils Hole is incredibly deep—so deep, divers have not been able to reach the bottom and the exact depth remains unknown, Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at great distances, earthquakes affect Devils Hole because they force groundwater up into the cave, a phenomenon known as seismic seiche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945142\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Male_DH_Pupfish-960-pixels-wide.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male Devils Hole pupfish swims over algae. Approximate size is about an inch. \u003ccite>(NPS photo by Brett Seymour)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Devils Hole is a window into the groundwater,” Wilson said. “The earthquakes displace the water, so it will rise up quickly and then drop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wilson said that the underwater shaking and frothy white water spilling out of the cave’s mouth were “unlike anything I’ve seen here in my career,” Wilson said. “The 7.1 quake walloped Devils Hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water inside the cave is the native environment of the Devils Hole Pupfish, a critically endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park officials train cameras on the area to monitor the fish remotely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement posted with the video, the park says that fish were luckily spared. “The fish seem to be in good condition with spawning behavior occurring,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Study: Climate Change a Leading Driver of California's Wildfires",
"headTitle": "Study: Climate Change a Leading Driver of California’s Wildfires | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944972/this-will-be-a-sweltering-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heating up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11759209' label='MAP: Do You Live In a High-Risk Fire Zone']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is driving an increase in the land burned by California wildfires every year as the arid weather dries out forests along the North Coast and Sierra Nevada, according to new \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research \u003c/a>that published this week in the journal\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23284277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Earth’s Future.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer forest fires are pushing up the annual burn rates across the state, according to Park Williams, the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a five-fold increase in areas of California that burn in any given year,” said Williams, a bioclimatologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “But just in the summer forest fire areas, we have seen an eight-fold increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wildfire activity has been increasing for the last 50 years, and the dominant driver of the increase is warming that is “very likely human-caused climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have said that climate change is baking California’s forests, but the wildfires are also driven by other factors, including forest management techniques and natural climate variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disentangling all the wildfire drivers is complicated, but Williams calls climate change “decisive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the new research suggests that arid and hot conditions, in particular, were key reasons for the devastating forest fires that burned in recent years. The Tubbs fire killed 22 people and burned 36,807 acres in 2017, and last year’s Camp Fire killed 85 people and torched an incredible 153,336 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two fires are the worst on record in California. Of the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/TJ8GC2k96Qfp4jYATn8Zi3?domain=fire.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top 20\u003c/a> most destructive California wildfires, 10 have occurred since 2015. Of the top 10, seven have burned over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we compare the records of forest fire areas in California against all the variables out there, the strongest correlation by far is the aridity of the atmosphere, and that’s driven by temperature,” said Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944996\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Area burned by California wildfires in thousands of square kilometers, 1972-2018. Specific regions studied are at upper left. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Williams et al., 2019)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meg Krawchuk, a fire ecologist at the College of Forestry at Oregon State University, said the study is a thorough assessment of relationships between area burned and climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is incredibly important for all of us living in areas vulnerable to wildfire to more thoroughly appreciate how climate, and anthropogenic climate change more specifically, is contributing to the fires we’re experiencing in recent decades,” said Krawchuk, who was not involved in the study.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon E. Keeley, a fire scientist with the US Geological Survey, said he agrees that rising temperatures are drying out forests and playing a major role in the increase in wildfire activity during the summer. “The hot air dries out fuels and makes the forests more flammable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he disagrees with another portion of the paper that emphasized the role that climate change plays in coastal and Southern California. He said the problem is that people there are starting more fires, either intentionally or with infrastructure like power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to fire, climate is important but it’s not the only show in town,” said Keeley, who did not participate in the study. “I think the real issue is population growth. We’ve added 6 million more people in the last 18 years, you can’t overlook that and address that as an important factor. The increases in fire are, in large part, due to ignition during extreme wind events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there are many reasons that fire threatens to unleash disaster and chaos in more California communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, forest managers suppress naturally-occurring fires. Federal agencies resist \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942384/california-lagging-way-behind-southeast-in-prescribed-burns-to-curb-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing \u003c/a>prescribed burns in California when they’re needed, which would curb the risk of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, as wildfire-susceptible areas expand statewide, new Californians keep \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pouring into them\u003c/a>. By midcentury, home builders \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may add\u003c/a> as many as 1.2 million new units in geographic areas most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are major factors, but Williams reiterates that a warming climate is the most powerful lever. As the atmosphere heats up, it acts like a sponge, soaking moisture out of the state’s forests — which increases the risk of a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmer the atmosphere gets, the more moisture it can pull out of forests. Each degree of warming does more to promote fire than the previous degree, according to Williams, who said that large fires are likely to become increasingly frequent with continued warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians can learn to survive wildfire in a warming world. It will mean big changes in how we think and live. Read some of the stories of people leading the way in communities across the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941376/we-can-make-california-wildfires-less-horrific-will-we\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "New research suggests that climate change is the key driver of a five-fold increase in the amount of land burned annually in California.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944972/this-will-be-a-sweltering-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heating up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is driving an increase in the land burned by California wildfires every year as the arid weather dries out forests along the North Coast and Sierra Nevada, according to new \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research \u003c/a>that published this week in the journal\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23284277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Earth’s Future.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer forest fires are pushing up the annual burn rates across the state, according to Park Williams, the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a five-fold increase in areas of California that burn in any given year,” said Williams, a bioclimatologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “But just in the summer forest fire areas, we have seen an eight-fold increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wildfire activity has been increasing for the last 50 years, and the dominant driver of the increase is warming that is “very likely human-caused climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have said that climate change is baking California’s forests, but the wildfires are also driven by other factors, including forest management techniques and natural climate variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disentangling all the wildfire drivers is complicated, but Williams calls climate change “decisive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the new research suggests that arid and hot conditions, in particular, were key reasons for the devastating forest fires that burned in recent years. The Tubbs fire killed 22 people and burned 36,807 acres in 2017, and last year’s Camp Fire killed 85 people and torched an incredible 153,336 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two fires are the worst on record in California. Of the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/TJ8GC2k96Qfp4jYATn8Zi3?domain=fire.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top 20\u003c/a> most destructive California wildfires, 10 have occurred since 2015. Of the top 10, seven have burned over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we compare the records of forest fire areas in California against all the variables out there, the strongest correlation by far is the aridity of the atmosphere, and that’s driven by temperature,” said Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944996\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Area burned by California wildfires in thousands of square kilometers, 1972-2018. Specific regions studied are at upper left. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Williams et al., 2019)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meg Krawchuk, a fire ecologist at the College of Forestry at Oregon State University, said the study is a thorough assessment of relationships between area burned and climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is incredibly important for all of us living in areas vulnerable to wildfire to more thoroughly appreciate how climate, and anthropogenic climate change more specifically, is contributing to the fires we’re experiencing in recent decades,” said Krawchuk, who was not involved in the study.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon E. Keeley, a fire scientist with the US Geological Survey, said he agrees that rising temperatures are drying out forests and playing a major role in the increase in wildfire activity during the summer. “The hot air dries out fuels and makes the forests more flammable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he disagrees with another portion of the paper that emphasized the role that climate change plays in coastal and Southern California. He said the problem is that people there are starting more fires, either intentionally or with infrastructure like power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to fire, climate is important but it’s not the only show in town,” said Keeley, who did not participate in the study. “I think the real issue is population growth. We’ve added 6 million more people in the last 18 years, you can’t overlook that and address that as an important factor. The increases in fire are, in large part, due to ignition during extreme wind events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there are many reasons that fire threatens to unleash disaster and chaos in more California communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, forest managers suppress naturally-occurring fires. Federal agencies resist \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942384/california-lagging-way-behind-southeast-in-prescribed-burns-to-curb-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing \u003c/a>prescribed burns in California when they’re needed, which would curb the risk of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, as wildfire-susceptible areas expand statewide, new Californians keep \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pouring into them\u003c/a>. By midcentury, home builders \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may add\u003c/a> as many as 1.2 million new units in geographic areas most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are major factors, but Williams reiterates that a warming climate is the most powerful lever. As the atmosphere heats up, it acts like a sponge, soaking moisture out of the state’s forests — which increases the risk of a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmer the atmosphere gets, the more moisture it can pull out of forests. Each degree of warming does more to promote fire than the previous degree, according to Williams, who said that large fires are likely to become increasingly frequent with continued warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians can learn to survive wildfire in a warming world. It will mean big changes in how we think and live. Read some of the stories of people leading the way in communities across the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941376/we-can-make-california-wildfires-less-horrific-will-we\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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