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"content": "\u003cp>Described by bird watchers as the go-to place for the “best birding on the bay,” the \u003ca href=\"http://archive.cityofpaloalto.org/depts/csd/parks_and_open_space/preserves_and_open_spaces/the_baylands.asp\">Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is a feather-filled oasis during winter. This is the time that waterfowl migrate through the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a> and settle along the California coast for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10420\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10420\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10420\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-1.jpg\" alt=\"Over two dozen duck species can be found in Palo Alto during Winter. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over two dozen duck species can be found in Palo Alto during Winter. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The majority of these birds make their temporary home from the Sacramento Valley to the Salton Sea. In the San Francisco Bay Area, up to 150 species of birds can be found at the Baylands Nature Preserve, which include the endangered \u003ca href=\"http://birds.audubon.org/birds/clapper-rail\">clapper rail\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Rallus longirostris obsoletus\u003c/em>). Within the preserve, the \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.about.com/od/sanfranciscophotos/ig/Palo-Alto-Baylands/Palo-Alto-Baylands.-14X.htm\">Lucy Evans Baylands Nature Interpretive Center\u003c/a> is a homey building that provides visitors with nostalgic small-scale exhibits and information about the space and species to be seen. There’s even an aquarium that holds some native wetland fishes that hikers would not be able to see otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10419\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-3.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10419\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10419\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-3.jpg\" alt=\"Two snowy egrets (Egretta thula) reestablish territory in Palo Alto. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two snowy egrets (Egretta thula) reestablish territory in Palo Alto. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10416\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-5.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10416\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10416\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-5.jpg\" alt=\"A house finch calls to other members of its group in the Bay Nature Preserve. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house finch calls to other members of its group in the Bay Nature Preserve. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Waterfowl aren’t the only animals that call this place home. As the numbers of migrating ducks and shorebirds rise in the Baylands Nature Preserve, the number of predators also increases. Traces of wild omnivores and carnivores on the trails indicate they have been eating well, and even aerial predators such as red-tailed hawks (\u003cem>Buteo jamaicensis\u003c/em>) and Northern harriers (\u003cem>Circus cyaneus\u003c/em>) can be seen soaring throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10418\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-2.jpg\" alt=\"A willet (Tringa semipalmata) and Western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) forage for food in the Bay Nature Preserve. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A willet (Tringa semipalmata) and Western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) forage for food in the Bay Nature Preserve. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although this habitat is already supporting a large number of species, it is a work in progress. The City of Palo Alto and \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org\">Save the Bay\u003c/a> are working to restore the wetland by cleaning up the shoreline, removing non-native invasive plants and planting native seedlings. In a few years time, large patches of monkey flower, buckwheat and other hummingbird and butterfly favorites will be well-established along the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Baylands Nature Preserve trails are great for all ages, bicyclists and dogs on-leesh. Birds can be heard calling before the sun rises and after it sets. This is a great place to enjoy birds in their highest numbers and with its restoration in progress, it will only get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10417\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-4.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10417\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10417\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-4.jpg\" alt=\"Two American white pelicans ( Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) pass one of many small channels in Palo Alto's wetlands. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two American white pelicans ( Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) pass one of many small channels in Palo Alto’s wetlands. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Described by bird watchers as the go-to place for the “best birding on the bay,” the \u003ca href=\"http://archive.cityofpaloalto.org/depts/csd/parks_and_open_space/preserves_and_open_spaces/the_baylands.asp\">Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is a feather-filled oasis during winter. This is the time that waterfowl migrate through the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a> and settle along the California coast for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10420\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10420\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10420\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-1.jpg\" alt=\"Over two dozen duck species can be found in Palo Alto during Winter. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over two dozen duck species can be found in Palo Alto during Winter. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The majority of these birds make their temporary home from the Sacramento Valley to the Salton Sea. In the San Francisco Bay Area, up to 150 species of birds can be found at the Baylands Nature Preserve, which include the endangered \u003ca href=\"http://birds.audubon.org/birds/clapper-rail\">clapper rail\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Rallus longirostris obsoletus\u003c/em>). Within the preserve, the \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.about.com/od/sanfranciscophotos/ig/Palo-Alto-Baylands/Palo-Alto-Baylands.-14X.htm\">Lucy Evans Baylands Nature Interpretive Center\u003c/a> is a homey building that provides visitors with nostalgic small-scale exhibits and information about the space and species to be seen. There’s even an aquarium that holds some native wetland fishes that hikers would not be able to see otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10419\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-3.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10419\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10419\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-3.jpg\" alt=\"Two snowy egrets (Egretta thula) reestablish territory in Palo Alto. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two snowy egrets (Egretta thula) reestablish territory in Palo Alto. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10416\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-5.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10416\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10416\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-5.jpg\" alt=\"A house finch calls to other members of its group in the Bay Nature Preserve. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house finch calls to other members of its group in the Bay Nature Preserve. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Waterfowl aren’t the only animals that call this place home. As the numbers of migrating ducks and shorebirds rise in the Baylands Nature Preserve, the number of predators also increases. Traces of wild omnivores and carnivores on the trails indicate they have been eating well, and even aerial predators such as red-tailed hawks (\u003cem>Buteo jamaicensis\u003c/em>) and Northern harriers (\u003cem>Circus cyaneus\u003c/em>) can be seen soaring throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10418\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-2.jpg\" alt=\"A willet (Tringa semipalmata) and Western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) forage for food in the Bay Nature Preserve. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A willet (Tringa semipalmata) and Western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) forage for food in the Bay Nature Preserve. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although this habitat is already supporting a large number of species, it is a work in progress. The City of Palo Alto and \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org\">Save the Bay\u003c/a> are working to restore the wetland by cleaning up the shoreline, removing non-native invasive plants and planting native seedlings. In a few years time, large patches of monkey flower, buckwheat and other hummingbird and butterfly favorites will be well-established along the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Baylands Nature Preserve trails are great for all ages, bicyclists and dogs on-leesh. Birds can be heard calling before the sun rises and after it sets. This is a great place to enjoy birds in their highest numbers and with its restoration in progress, it will only get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10417\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-4.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10417\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10417\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqed-4.jpg\" alt=\"Two American white pelicans ( Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) pass one of many small channels in Palo Alto's wetlands. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two American white pelicans ( Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) pass one of many small channels in Palo Alto’s wetlands. Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Peter Lollo / KQED News\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10732\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 215px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS696_Download090427-061-scr-215x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10732\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS696_Download090427-061-scr-215x162.jpg\" alt=\"California's climate change policies are cutting emissions, but not enough, according to a report from Berkeley Lab. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"215\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s climate change policies are cutting emissions, but not enough, according to a report from Berkeley Lab. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California is not on track to meet its ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goals, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/publications/estimating-policy-driven-greenhouse-g\">study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>. The report, released on Monday, found that California’s current energy policies have put the state on track to meet its \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm\">2020 target\u003c/a>, which is to bring greenhouse gas emissions down to 1990 levels. But without adopting more aggressive tactics, the state will not meet its \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/energy/ExecOrderS-3-05.htm\">2050 goal\u003c/a> to reduce emissions by 80 percent from 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The set of policies that we have — the renewable portfolio standard, the low-carbon fuel standard, vehicle efficiencies, zero net energy buildings, more efficient appliance standard, et cetera et cetera — are all very helpful,” said Berkeley Lab scientist Jeffery Greenblatt, who led the study. But, he said, taken by themselves, these policies will not get the state to its long-term emissions goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have to develop some additional policies to get us all the way to the 2050 target and we’re going to have to invest in more technology R&D in order to have those lower-carbon technologies available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenblatt recommended that the state invest in biofuels, derive 100 percent of its energy from renewable sources and develop more energy storage. Storage will become especially important as more and more power is acquired from fluctuating, intermittent sources like wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board, the agency charged with implementing California’s emissions goals, acknowledged the gap between current policy and long-term targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We agree that there’s more that needs to be done,” said Dave Clegern of the Air Board. He said that the state has been focused on meeting the 2020 goals, but now officials are drafting a new plan to help guide future energy policy. “It’s the first one to really look beyond 2020,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That plan is expected to be completed by March of next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Peter Lollo / KQED News\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10732\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 215px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS696_Download090427-061-scr-215x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10732\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS696_Download090427-061-scr-215x162.jpg\" alt=\"California's climate change policies are cutting emissions, but not enough, according to a report from Berkeley Lab. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"215\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s climate change policies are cutting emissions, but not enough, according to a report from Berkeley Lab. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California is not on track to meet its ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goals, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/publications/estimating-policy-driven-greenhouse-g\">study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>. The report, released on Monday, found that California’s current energy policies have put the state on track to meet its \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm\">2020 target\u003c/a>, which is to bring greenhouse gas emissions down to 1990 levels. But without adopting more aggressive tactics, the state will not meet its \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/energy/ExecOrderS-3-05.htm\">2050 goal\u003c/a> to reduce emissions by 80 percent from 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The set of policies that we have — the renewable portfolio standard, the low-carbon fuel standard, vehicle efficiencies, zero net energy buildings, more efficient appliance standard, et cetera et cetera — are all very helpful,” said Berkeley Lab scientist Jeffery Greenblatt, who led the study. But, he said, taken by themselves, these policies will not get the state to its long-term emissions goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have to develop some additional policies to get us all the way to the 2050 target and we’re going to have to invest in more technology R&D in order to have those lower-carbon technologies available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenblatt recommended that the state invest in biofuels, derive 100 percent of its energy from renewable sources and develop more energy storage. Storage will become especially important as more and more power is acquired from fluctuating, intermittent sources like wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board, the agency charged with implementing California’s emissions goals, acknowledged the gap between current policy and long-term targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We agree that there’s more that needs to be done,” said Dave Clegern of the Air Board. He said that the state has been focused on meeting the 2020 goals, but now officials are drafting a new plan to help guide future energy policy. “It’s the first one to really look beyond 2020,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That plan is expected to be completed by March of next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Sunken Tugboat Gets a Lift in Oakland Estuary Cleanup",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Isabel Angell / KQED News\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10709\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/tugpanorama.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10709\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/tugpanorama.jpg\" alt='A panoramic view as crews raise \"Captain Al,\" from the bottom of the Oakland Estuary. (Isabel Angell/KQED)' width=\"1920\" height=\"780\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A panoramic view as crews raise “Captain Al,” from the bottom of the Oakland Estuary. (Isabel Angell/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crew of about 50 workers painstakingly lifted a sunken tugboat out of the Oakland Estuary on Monday afternoon. The tug, nicknamed “Captain Al,” had been totally submerged in the waters between Oakland and Alameda for at least 15 years. But it was leaching lead paint into the water, so it had to come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s part of a joint federal, state and local \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/SWFacilities/Cleanup/Projects/Estuary2013/\">project to clean up the estuary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of those things that the Oakland Estuary has been known as kind of a dumping ground,” said Todd Thalhamer, who’s overseeing the project for \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/\">CalRecycle\u003c/a>, the state’s department for recycling and waste management. “Once you take that dumping away, that problem is going to cease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the boat is upright it will be dragged to a dock where the Environmental Protection Agency will conduct more testing for toxins like asbestos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that’s all clean and good, then we’re going to take this vessel to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bay-ship.com/\">Bay Ship\u003c/a> and cut it up for steel and recycle it,” said Thalhamer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 105 feet, Captain Al is the biggest boat out of the twenty pulled out of the estuary so far. Crews will haul out another tug, called “Respect,” next month.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Isabel Angell / KQED News\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10709\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/tugpanorama.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10709\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/tugpanorama.jpg\" alt='A panoramic view as crews raise \"Captain Al,\" from the bottom of the Oakland Estuary. (Isabel Angell/KQED)' width=\"1920\" height=\"780\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A panoramic view as crews raise “Captain Al,” from the bottom of the Oakland Estuary. (Isabel Angell/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crew of about 50 workers painstakingly lifted a sunken tugboat out of the Oakland Estuary on Monday afternoon. The tug, nicknamed “Captain Al,” had been totally submerged in the waters between Oakland and Alameda for at least 15 years. But it was leaching lead paint into the water, so it had to come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s part of a joint federal, state and local \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/SWFacilities/Cleanup/Projects/Estuary2013/\">project to clean up the estuary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of those things that the Oakland Estuary has been known as kind of a dumping ground,” said Todd Thalhamer, who’s overseeing the project for \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/\">CalRecycle\u003c/a>, the state’s department for recycling and waste management. “Once you take that dumping away, that problem is going to cease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the boat is upright it will be dragged to a dock where the Environmental Protection Agency will conduct more testing for toxins like asbestos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that’s all clean and good, then we’re going to take this vessel to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bay-ship.com/\">Bay Ship\u003c/a> and cut it up for steel and recycle it,” said Thalhamer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 105 feet, Captain Al is the biggest boat out of the twenty pulled out of the estuary so far. Crews will haul out another tug, called “Respect,” next month.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Silicon Valley in Race for Battery Breakthrough",
"headTitle": "Silicon Valley in Race for Battery Breakthrough | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/11/20131104science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10591\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/imprint2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10591\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/imprint2.jpg\" alt=\"Bay Area battery start-up Imprint Energy is developing flexible, thin batteries. (Photo: Imprint Energy)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area start-up Imprint Energy is developing flexible, thin batteries. (Photo: Imprint Energy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Apple released its newest computer operating system a few weeks ago, battery life was the big selling point: one hour more of web-browsing. Laptops, cellphones and electric cars are driving demand for cheaper and more powerful batteries, but battery technology has been slow to evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is becoming a hub for start-ups and multinational corporations hoping to produce the next big battery breakthrough. Technology like electric cars could depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m actually in the market for a new car and would love to buy an electric car,” says Venkat Srinivasan, who heads up battery research at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Lab\u003c/a>. “But there are practical problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there aren’t many models that would work for Srinivasan’s daily 70-mile commute. The Nissan Leaf goes about 75 miles before it needs to be recharged. The top-of-the-line sedan from \u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> goes 300 miles, but it runs around $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we want to do is get cars that go 200 miles but you can buy them for the cost of say, a Toyota Corolla or Toyota Camry,” he says. “Where we are today in battery technology, we need a lot more work before we can get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">I think we’re aiming for something very big. It’s like a moonshot.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lithium-ion batteries, found in today’s electric cars and cellphones, have improved in the last 20 years, packing twice as much energy in the same amount of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That sounds like a big thing, except if you compare it to semiconductors,” says Srinivasan. “The evolution is very, very slow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, computer chips have doubled in speed every 18 months. Srinivasan says today’s lithium-ion batteries have improved about as much as possible with the materials they’re made of. What’s needed is an entirely new battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paper-Thin Batteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So here is our special printer,” says Christine Ho, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.imprintenergy.com/\">Imprint Energy\u003c/a>. “We actually call it Megatron.” The two-year-old company’s Alameda lab looks a lot like a screen-printing shop. The batteries are printed in layers, producing cells that are paper-thin and bendable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our customers and I think consumers in general, they just want things to be thinner,” she says. Lithium-ion batteries don’t perform well when they’re extremely thin, so Ho developed a new type of battery chemistry using zinc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to like to tell investors that the main components in our battery are also found in vitamins,” she says. “But then they used to challenge me to eat my battery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is aiming to put its battery in everything from laptops to electric cars, but the battery’s flexibility makes it attractive for wearable electronics, like a cellphone on your wrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imprint Energy is just one of about 40 companies working on battery technology in the Bay Area. Many are start-ups that have tapped into millions of dollars of Silicon Valley venture capital. But Ho says building hardware takes longer than building software, and software is what Silicon Valley is accustomed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s been difficult is the investment community has really had a challenge with how long it takes for these technologies to be mature enough that they’ll be accepted,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Players in the Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enticed by the potential payoff of a battery breakthrough, major corporations are also getting in the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IBM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IBM.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Bryan McCloskey holds a test lithium-air battery at IBM's San Jose lab. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"313\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Bryan McCloskey holds a test lithium-air battery at IBM’s San Jose lab. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smart_grid/article/battery500.html\">IBM’s Almaden Research Center\u003c/a> in San Jose, researcher Bryan McCloskey holds up a test battery cell. It uses lithium, but it has two little tubes sticking out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re feeding a gas into your battery on one side,” he says. “This gas just happens to be air, ambient air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are generally self-contained packets of chemistry. IBM is working on lithium-air batteries that use oxygen from the air to create chemical reactions. Getting a battery component from the outside means the battery can be smaller, lighter and more powerful, crucial for electric cars. McCloskey says it could take a decade to develop, but IBM is hoping the battery will take cars 500 miles on a single charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you could envision powering every single car in America with a battery that has IBM stamped on the side of it, that has a huge market,” he says. LG Chem, Bosch and major car companies are also working on batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Lab is also trying to jump start battery development through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jcesr.org/\">Joint Center for Energy Storage Research\u003c/a>, a research hub organized by the US Department of Energy. Its goal: to make a battery that holds five times more energy at one-fifth of the cost in the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This obviously is very, very challenging,” says Srinivasan. “But I think we’re aiming for something very big. It’s like a moonshot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Srinivasan says getting advanced battery research into the hands of companies quickly is key for reaching the goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to do here in the long term is trying to find a way to create battery industry in the United States,” he says. “Today in the United States, we don’t do much battery manufacturing and so we’ve lost all those jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Energy has committed $2 billion in grants and funding for battery companies and research. But competition from well-established players in Asia has been tough and two US companies with federal support, Ener1 and A123, have already folded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the Bay Area are planning for the new jobs the fledgling industry could bring. San Jose State University is launching a new battery course to train workers, beginning this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaa\" src=\"http://batchgeo.com/map/CalCharge\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>View \u003ca href=\"http://batchgeo.com/map/CalCharge\">California Battery Companies\u003c/a> in a full screen map\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10591\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/imprint2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10591\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/imprint2.jpg\" alt=\"Bay Area battery start-up Imprint Energy is developing flexible, thin batteries. (Photo: Imprint Energy)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area start-up Imprint Energy is developing flexible, thin batteries. (Photo: Imprint Energy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Apple released its newest computer operating system a few weeks ago, battery life was the big selling point: one hour more of web-browsing. Laptops, cellphones and electric cars are driving demand for cheaper and more powerful batteries, but battery technology has been slow to evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is becoming a hub for start-ups and multinational corporations hoping to produce the next big battery breakthrough. Technology like electric cars could depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m actually in the market for a new car and would love to buy an electric car,” says Venkat Srinivasan, who heads up battery research at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Lab\u003c/a>. “But there are practical problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there aren’t many models that would work for Srinivasan’s daily 70-mile commute. The Nissan Leaf goes about 75 miles before it needs to be recharged. The top-of-the-line sedan from \u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> goes 300 miles, but it runs around $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we want to do is get cars that go 200 miles but you can buy them for the cost of say, a Toyota Corolla or Toyota Camry,” he says. “Where we are today in battery technology, we need a lot more work before we can get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">I think we’re aiming for something very big. It’s like a moonshot.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lithium-ion batteries, found in today’s electric cars and cellphones, have improved in the last 20 years, packing twice as much energy in the same amount of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That sounds like a big thing, except if you compare it to semiconductors,” says Srinivasan. “The evolution is very, very slow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, computer chips have doubled in speed every 18 months. Srinivasan says today’s lithium-ion batteries have improved about as much as possible with the materials they’re made of. What’s needed is an entirely new battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paper-Thin Batteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So here is our special printer,” says Christine Ho, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.imprintenergy.com/\">Imprint Energy\u003c/a>. “We actually call it Megatron.” The two-year-old company’s Alameda lab looks a lot like a screen-printing shop. The batteries are printed in layers, producing cells that are paper-thin and bendable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our customers and I think consumers in general, they just want things to be thinner,” she says. Lithium-ion batteries don’t perform well when they’re extremely thin, so Ho developed a new type of battery chemistry using zinc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to like to tell investors that the main components in our battery are also found in vitamins,” she says. “But then they used to challenge me to eat my battery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is aiming to put its battery in everything from laptops to electric cars, but the battery’s flexibility makes it attractive for wearable electronics, like a cellphone on your wrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imprint Energy is just one of about 40 companies working on battery technology in the Bay Area. Many are start-ups that have tapped into millions of dollars of Silicon Valley venture capital. But Ho says building hardware takes longer than building software, and software is what Silicon Valley is accustomed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s been difficult is the investment community has really had a challenge with how long it takes for these technologies to be mature enough that they’ll be accepted,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Players in the Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enticed by the potential payoff of a battery breakthrough, major corporations are also getting in the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IBM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IBM.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Bryan McCloskey holds a test lithium-air battery at IBM's San Jose lab. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"313\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Bryan McCloskey holds a test lithium-air battery at IBM’s San Jose lab. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smart_grid/article/battery500.html\">IBM’s Almaden Research Center\u003c/a> in San Jose, researcher Bryan McCloskey holds up a test battery cell. It uses lithium, but it has two little tubes sticking out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re feeding a gas into your battery on one side,” he says. “This gas just happens to be air, ambient air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are generally self-contained packets of chemistry. IBM is working on lithium-air batteries that use oxygen from the air to create chemical reactions. Getting a battery component from the outside means the battery can be smaller, lighter and more powerful, crucial for electric cars. McCloskey says it could take a decade to develop, but IBM is hoping the battery will take cars 500 miles on a single charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you could envision powering every single car in America with a battery that has IBM stamped on the side of it, that has a huge market,” he says. LG Chem, Bosch and major car companies are also working on batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Lab is also trying to jump start battery development through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jcesr.org/\">Joint Center for Energy Storage Research\u003c/a>, a research hub organized by the US Department of Energy. Its goal: to make a battery that holds five times more energy at one-fifth of the cost in the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This obviously is very, very challenging,” says Srinivasan. “But I think we’re aiming for something very big. It’s like a moonshot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Srinivasan says getting advanced battery research into the hands of companies quickly is key for reaching the goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to do here in the long term is trying to find a way to create battery industry in the United States,” he says. “Today in the United States, we don’t do much battery manufacturing and so we’ve lost all those jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Energy has committed $2 billion in grants and funding for battery companies and research. But competition from well-established players in Asia has been tough and two US companies with federal support, Ener1 and A123, have already folded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the Bay Area are planning for the new jobs the fledgling industry could bring. San Jose State University is launching a new battery course to train workers, beginning this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaa\" src=\"http://batchgeo.com/map/CalCharge\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>View \u003ca href=\"http://batchgeo.com/map/CalCharge\">California Battery Companies\u003c/a> in a full screen map\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Water is Running Out in Central California Wine Country",
"headTitle": "Water is Running Out in Central California Wine Country | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s picking time for wine vineyards in the central California community of Paso Robles, and the farmers are bringing in a rich harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paso Robles’ vineyards support a $1.8 billion local economy, and cultivation is up sharply. But as vineyards proliferate around this farm town halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, residential wells are starting to go dry. Some are calling the plight of Paso Robles a good example of what’s wrong with California’s unregulated groundwater supply.[contextly_sidebar id=”f50eafa1a05c1ba36e79fb64708094ab”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: California officials released their “\u003ca title=\"CNRA - Water Action Plan\" href=\"http://bit.ly/1ag7WyA\">Water Action Plan\u003c/a>” toward securing the state’s future water supplies this week. It contains some approaches to better groundwater management–but recommends no specific regulation or legislation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers here irrigate from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/planning/commguidelines/PRgroundwater.htm#groundwater\">Paso Robles Groundwater Basin\u003c/a>, subterranean beds of sand and gravel that hold one of California’s largest water supplies. It contains an estimated 30 million acre-feet of water, enough to supply twice as many households as there are in the entire state for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10579\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater4-large.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10579\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater4-large.jpg\" alt=\"Seventh-generation farmer Dana Merrill says grapes have been a “godsend,” because they sell for a high enough price that his family can afford to stay in farming. (Photo: Chris Richard)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seventh-generation farmer Dana Merrill says grapes have been a “godsend,” because they sell for a high enough price that his family can afford to stay in farming. (Photo: Chris Richard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the San Luis Obispo Groundwater Management Plan, the basin can deliver 97,700 acre-feet annually, assuming recharge levels from rain and Sierra snow remain at normal levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they haven’t, and demand on groundwater has continued to climb. According to the GMP, in 1997 the estimated demand was 76,404 acre-feet, or 78 percent of what could safely be withdrawn. Nine years later, it was at 89,473 acre-feet: 92 percent of the safe yield. By 2025, demand is expected to approach 108,000 acre-feet, or 110 percent of the safe yield.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">You’ve got a combination of less and less effective groundwater replenishment and increased groundwater pumping, which is an ecological train wreck waiting to happen.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nominally, the basin is still within its safety limits. But with agriculture and development booming, water levels have started dropping. This summer, San Luis Obispo County released a new groundwater map showing that most of the aquifer has fallen at least 70 feet since 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 45-second shower\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Frank, director of the California Environmental Law and Policy Center at UC Davis, says until California develops coherent groundwater policies, we can expect such surprises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a natural condition, groundwater aquifers naturally replenish. But with an ever-shrinking available supply of surface water, the opportunities for groundwater replenishment are going to be less and less,” he said. “So you’ve got a combination of less and less effective groundwater replenishment and increased groundwater pumping, which is an ecological train wreck waiting to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise Smith’s gotten a taste of what that might mean. Her well suddenly went dry in June, and she’s been trucking in water ever since. She’s gotten showers down to 45 seconds. There are plastic buckets in her bathtub and in all the sinks so she can use water twice, and as much as possible, she eats off paper plates. She uses the dishwasher once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater-large.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10568\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater-large.jpg\" alt=\"Denise Smith blames excessive water use by Paso Robles vineyards for her dry well. (Photo: Chris Richard)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denise Smith blames excessive water use by Paso Robles vineyards for her dry well. (Photo: Chris Richard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there’s been nothing she can do for her garden. She had corn, pumpkins, tomatoes, fruit trees. Now, when she touches the leaves of her plants, they crumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Laying blame\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many of her neighbors, Smith’s posted “Save Our Wells” placards along the road by her house. Also like her neighbors, she blames Paso Robles’ wine vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just keep planting more and more, and their wells are going deeper and their water usage is so much that, you know, it’s taken all the water from people,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until fairly recently, cattle ranching, grain and especially almonds dominated the local farm economy. But the energy crisis of the 1970s drove up the cost of pumping irrigation water from the ground. Farmers needed a crop that commanded a high enough price to pay those energy bills. It turned out that Paso Robles, with its warm days and cool nights, is prime wine grape country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Pomar Junction Vineyard and Winery ten miles southwest of Denise Smith’s bone-dry yard, the vines are thriving. With harvest underway, seventh-generation farmer Dana Merrill plucks a bunch of small, deep purple fruit and pops a sample into his mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merrill likes grapes, and he says these Syrah varietals are especially tasty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wine grapes were a godsend. I mean literally, we would not be in agriculture if it wasn’t for wine grapes, because the other crops just aren’t economically viable in this area anymore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other area farmers, Merrill points out that grapes naturally require far less water than other crops such as alfalfa, and growers are using technology to decrease their needs even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vineyard owner Kathleen Maas has embraced water thrift. She monitors soil moisture with subterranean, computerized sensors that send a message to her iPad when it’s time to water. To minimize pumping, she’s installed a quarter-million-dollar recycling system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she washes her grapes, the system uses gravity to run wastewater through a series of filtration tanks and back into storage for irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it hurt her feelings when a neighbor with a dry household well put up a sign blaming the vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t take her water and I wouldn’t want to,” Maas said. “I’m doing everything I can to conserve. I tore out my lawn at home. And we’ll continue to pursue every avenue we can. And yet, there’s just no way it can be one single source who’s responsible for all this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater1-large.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater1-large.jpg\" alt=\"Harvest is underway in the vineyards of Paso Robles. Wine grapes grown there sell for up to $2,000 a ton, three times the state average. (Photo: Chris Richard)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvest is underway in the vineyards of Paso Robles. Wine grapes grown there sell for up to $2,000 a ton, three times the state average. (Photo: Chris Richard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s true that Paso Robles’ population has tripled in recent years, and a thriving tourist trade draws on the groundwater as well. Still, farms use about two-thirds of the water. The acreage devoted to vineyards has risen sharply since the 1970s. Then, vineyards made up a little more than 500 acres in all San Luis Obispo County. Today, there are more than 36,000 acres, most in the Paso Robles area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep water flowing, a property owner can dig a deeper well. But that can cost at least $30,000, and lots of people say they can’t afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Luis Obispo County supervisors have imposed an emergency ban on all kinds of new wells. But right now, they lack legal authority to limit how much owners of existing wells can pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the tragedy of the commons,” said San Luis Obispo County Supervisor County Supervisor Adam Hill, referring to the classic explanation, in economics, of how people use more than their share of a communal resource for short-term gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to “tragedy of the commons” theory, the race for immediate profit ends up devouring the resource, and that hurts everybody in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the problem that we’re faced with now, and that I believe more and more of California counties are going to be faced with if they’re not already,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County authorities, farmers and homeowner representatives are trying to establish a local water management district that could monitor usage, pipe in a new supply and set up water recycling and storage facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank, of the Law and Policy Center, says such districts can be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that is very hit and miss. And the problem is that hydrology and groundwater don’t follow political boundaries,” he said. “And then it gets difficult, if not impossible, for local jurisdictions to manage groundwater that they share with jurisdictions outside of their own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Free-for-all\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico, anybody who wants to extract groundwater needs a state permit, and state regulators monitor pumping. Texas has administrative regions that govern entire aquifers. In California, the state Legislative Analyst’s Office has twice recommended similar systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, over-pumping is depleting groundwater throughout the state. Using satellites that track gravitational changes, University of California, Irvine professor Jay Famiglietti is using satellites to track the damage caused by unrestricted pumping in the Central Valley. He said that region is losing about three cubic kilometers of groundwater a year, a rate equal to pumping Lake Mead dry every dozen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California relies on subterranean aquifers for about a third of its water supply, and even more in drought years. Famiglietti likens California’s current lack of systematic regulation to a family that fails to monitor withdrawals from its bank account. If that goes on too long, he says, the checks will start to bounce.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As vineyards proliferate around this farm town halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, residential wells are starting to go dry. Some are calling the plight of Paso Robles a good example of what's wrong with California's unregulated groundwater supply.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s picking time for wine vineyards in the central California community of Paso Robles, and the farmers are bringing in a rich harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paso Robles’ vineyards support a $1.8 billion local economy, and cultivation is up sharply. But as vineyards proliferate around this farm town halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, residential wells are starting to go dry. Some are calling the plight of Paso Robles a good example of what’s wrong with California’s unregulated groundwater supply.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: California officials released their “\u003ca title=\"CNRA - Water Action Plan\" href=\"http://bit.ly/1ag7WyA\">Water Action Plan\u003c/a>” toward securing the state’s future water supplies this week. It contains some approaches to better groundwater management–but recommends no specific regulation or legislation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers here irrigate from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/planning/commguidelines/PRgroundwater.htm#groundwater\">Paso Robles Groundwater Basin\u003c/a>, subterranean beds of sand and gravel that hold one of California’s largest water supplies. It contains an estimated 30 million acre-feet of water, enough to supply twice as many households as there are in the entire state for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10579\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater4-large.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10579\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater4-large.jpg\" alt=\"Seventh-generation farmer Dana Merrill says grapes have been a “godsend,” because they sell for a high enough price that his family can afford to stay in farming. (Photo: Chris Richard)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seventh-generation farmer Dana Merrill says grapes have been a “godsend,” because they sell for a high enough price that his family can afford to stay in farming. (Photo: Chris Richard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the San Luis Obispo Groundwater Management Plan, the basin can deliver 97,700 acre-feet annually, assuming recharge levels from rain and Sierra snow remain at normal levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they haven’t, and demand on groundwater has continued to climb. According to the GMP, in 1997 the estimated demand was 76,404 acre-feet, or 78 percent of what could safely be withdrawn. Nine years later, it was at 89,473 acre-feet: 92 percent of the safe yield. By 2025, demand is expected to approach 108,000 acre-feet, or 110 percent of the safe yield.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">You’ve got a combination of less and less effective groundwater replenishment and increased groundwater pumping, which is an ecological train wreck waiting to happen.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nominally, the basin is still within its safety limits. But with agriculture and development booming, water levels have started dropping. This summer, San Luis Obispo County released a new groundwater map showing that most of the aquifer has fallen at least 70 feet since 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 45-second shower\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Frank, director of the California Environmental Law and Policy Center at UC Davis, says until California develops coherent groundwater policies, we can expect such surprises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a natural condition, groundwater aquifers naturally replenish. But with an ever-shrinking available supply of surface water, the opportunities for groundwater replenishment are going to be less and less,” he said. “So you’ve got a combination of less and less effective groundwater replenishment and increased groundwater pumping, which is an ecological train wreck waiting to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise Smith’s gotten a taste of what that might mean. Her well suddenly went dry in June, and she’s been trucking in water ever since. She’s gotten showers down to 45 seconds. There are plastic buckets in her bathtub and in all the sinks so she can use water twice, and as much as possible, she eats off paper plates. She uses the dishwasher once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater-large.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10568\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater-large.jpg\" alt=\"Denise Smith blames excessive water use by Paso Robles vineyards for her dry well. (Photo: Chris Richard)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denise Smith blames excessive water use by Paso Robles vineyards for her dry well. (Photo: Chris Richard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there’s been nothing she can do for her garden. She had corn, pumpkins, tomatoes, fruit trees. Now, when she touches the leaves of her plants, they crumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Laying blame\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many of her neighbors, Smith’s posted “Save Our Wells” placards along the road by her house. Also like her neighbors, she blames Paso Robles’ wine vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just keep planting more and more, and their wells are going deeper and their water usage is so much that, you know, it’s taken all the water from people,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until fairly recently, cattle ranching, grain and especially almonds dominated the local farm economy. But the energy crisis of the 1970s drove up the cost of pumping irrigation water from the ground. Farmers needed a crop that commanded a high enough price to pay those energy bills. It turned out that Paso Robles, with its warm days and cool nights, is prime wine grape country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Pomar Junction Vineyard and Winery ten miles southwest of Denise Smith’s bone-dry yard, the vines are thriving. With harvest underway, seventh-generation farmer Dana Merrill plucks a bunch of small, deep purple fruit and pops a sample into his mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merrill likes grapes, and he says these Syrah varietals are especially tasty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wine grapes were a godsend. I mean literally, we would not be in agriculture if it wasn’t for wine grapes, because the other crops just aren’t economically viable in this area anymore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other area farmers, Merrill points out that grapes naturally require far less water than other crops such as alfalfa, and growers are using technology to decrease their needs even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vineyard owner Kathleen Maas has embraced water thrift. She monitors soil moisture with subterranean, computerized sensors that send a message to her iPad when it’s time to water. To minimize pumping, she’s installed a quarter-million-dollar recycling system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she washes her grapes, the system uses gravity to run wastewater through a series of filtration tanks and back into storage for irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it hurt her feelings when a neighbor with a dry household well put up a sign blaming the vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t take her water and I wouldn’t want to,” Maas said. “I’m doing everything I can to conserve. I tore out my lawn at home. And we’ll continue to pursue every avenue we can. And yet, there’s just no way it can be one single source who’s responsible for all this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater1-large.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/PasoRoblesWater1-large.jpg\" alt=\"Harvest is underway in the vineyards of Paso Robles. Wine grapes grown there sell for up to $2,000 a ton, three times the state average. (Photo: Chris Richard)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvest is underway in the vineyards of Paso Robles. Wine grapes grown there sell for up to $2,000 a ton, three times the state average. (Photo: Chris Richard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s true that Paso Robles’ population has tripled in recent years, and a thriving tourist trade draws on the groundwater as well. Still, farms use about two-thirds of the water. The acreage devoted to vineyards has risen sharply since the 1970s. Then, vineyards made up a little more than 500 acres in all San Luis Obispo County. Today, there are more than 36,000 acres, most in the Paso Robles area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep water flowing, a property owner can dig a deeper well. But that can cost at least $30,000, and lots of people say they can’t afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Luis Obispo County supervisors have imposed an emergency ban on all kinds of new wells. But right now, they lack legal authority to limit how much owners of existing wells can pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the tragedy of the commons,” said San Luis Obispo County Supervisor County Supervisor Adam Hill, referring to the classic explanation, in economics, of how people use more than their share of a communal resource for short-term gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to “tragedy of the commons” theory, the race for immediate profit ends up devouring the resource, and that hurts everybody in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the problem that we’re faced with now, and that I believe more and more of California counties are going to be faced with if they’re not already,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County authorities, farmers and homeowner representatives are trying to establish a local water management district that could monitor usage, pipe in a new supply and set up water recycling and storage facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank, of the Law and Policy Center, says such districts can be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that is very hit and miss. And the problem is that hydrology and groundwater don’t follow political boundaries,” he said. “And then it gets difficult, if not impossible, for local jurisdictions to manage groundwater that they share with jurisdictions outside of their own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Free-for-all\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico, anybody who wants to extract groundwater needs a state permit, and state regulators monitor pumping. Texas has administrative regions that govern entire aquifers. In California, the state Legislative Analyst’s Office has twice recommended similar systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, over-pumping is depleting groundwater throughout the state. Using satellites that track gravitational changes, University of California, Irvine professor Jay Famiglietti is using satellites to track the damage caused by unrestricted pumping in the Central Valley. He said that region is losing about three cubic kilometers of groundwater a year, a rate equal to pumping Lake Mead dry every dozen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California relies on subterranean aquifers for about a third of its water supply, and even more in drought years. Famiglietti likens California’s current lack of systematic regulation to a family that fails to monitor withdrawals from its bank account. If that goes on too long, he says, the checks will start to bounce.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "ZomBees: Flight of the Living Dead",
"headTitle": "ZomBees: Flight of the Living Dead | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Professor John Hafernik of San Francisco State University doesn’t leave home without an empty vial in his pocket. Entomology isn’t just a job; it’s a way of life, and Hafernik never knows when he’ll come across an interesting specimen during his daily travels. It was this personal habit that led to his accidental discovery that Bay Area bees were falling victim to an insidious insect, a parasitic fly that would come to be known as the “Zombie fly”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Phorid-on-bee-1Christopher-Quock640x360-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Phorid-on-bee-1Christopher-Quock640x360-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"A female Phorid fly injects her eggs between the armored plates on a honeybee's abdomen. Christopher Quock/SFSU\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female Phorid fly injects her eggs between the armored plates on a honeybee’s abdomen. Christopher Quock/SFSU\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the school’s entomology museum, Hafernik lifts up a vial full of dead bees surrounded by tiny brown pupae. “This is the stuff of horror movies,” he said, “with maggots eating the insides out of these bees. Altering their behavior, perhaps, and causing their ultimate destruction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made this discovery entirely by accident, walking into the biology building on the San Francisco State campus one morning. I noticed that there were honey bees in front of the building that were on the ground, behaving strangely, walking around in circles.” Hafernik scooped up a few of the honeybees to feed a praying mantis that he was keeping in his office as a pet. “I put them on my desk and forgot about them. When I came back in a week or so and looked at it, that vial was filled with just a large number of these little brown fly pupae. And that’s when I knew that those bees were parasitized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10533\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 295px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/A.-borealis-female-Jessica-Van-Den-Berg.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10533\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/A.-borealis-female-Jessica-Van-Den-Berg.jpg\" alt=\"A female Zombie fly (A. borealis). Photo by Jessica Andrieux/SFSU\" width=\"295\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female Zombie fly (A. borealis). Photo by Jessica Andrieux/SFSU\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Originally described in the boreal forests of Maine, this Phorid fly, \u003cem>Apocephalon borealis\u003c/em>, is distributed over virtually all of the United States and Canada. “It’s a very small fly, smaller than a fruit fly. It’s the kind of fly that most people would not notice, even entomologists often don’t notice these flies,” said Hafernik. But despite their diminutive size, \u003cem>A. borealis\u003c/em> can have a catastrophic effect on the host organisms that they parasitize. The female fly is equipped with a specialized ova-depositor, a needle-like stinger that she uses to inject her eggs into the abdomen of a hapless insect host. The eggs hatch and the juvenile larvae, or maggots, feed on their living host from the inside. At some point, the host insect dies and the larvae escape their host’s carcass, often through a weak spot in the neck, emerging like the monster in the movie “Alien.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Bees that fly away at night basically are on a flight of the living dead. They’re not coming back.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While this fly has traditionally made use of native bumblebees and paper wasps as hosts, it has begun making use of the European honeybee — a foreign species brought to California by ship. “My graduate students and I, Andy Core and Jonathan Ivers, have been sampling honey bee colonies in collaboration with bee keepers around the San Francisco Bay Area. And what we’ve found is that almost 80 percent of the hives that we’ve worked with are infected or have been infected by this fly. So it’s a very common phenomenon in this part of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bees that are parasitized essentially get bee insomnia. They leave their hives at night, which is a really bad time for honey bees to be leaving their hives. Bees that fly away at night basically are on a flight of the living dead. They’re not coming back,” said Hafernik. While on their nocturnal outings, parasitized honeybees also seem to be compelled to seek out light sources. This behavior differentiates them from healthy bees who do not typically show interest in lights at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10414\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Zombees-RF-chips-640x360-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10414\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Zombees-RF-chips-640x360-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"SFSU graduate student Chris Quock outfits captive honeybees with tiny radio frequency chips that allow him to monitor the nocturnal behavior of bees infected by the A. borealis parasite. Photo by Josh Cassidy/KQED \" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFSU graduate student Chris Quock outfits captive honeybees with tiny radio frequency chips that allow him to monitor the nocturnal behavior of bees infected by the A. borealis parasite. Photo by Josh Cassidy/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In order to begin the pursuit of a future cure or treatment for the parasite infection, researchers must first determine what is happening to the honeybees. While SFSU graduate students like Chris Quock study the day and nighttime behavior of infected bees, Hafernik has set up a citizen scientist project in order to analyze the locations where \u003cem>A. borealis\u003c/em> has switched to parasitizing honeybees. \u003ca href=\"https://www.zombeewatch.org/\">ZomBee Watch\u003c/a> provides instructions of finding, collecting and identifying parasitized honeybees using a nighttime light trap. Participants can then upload their findings to the ZomBee Watch website, where Hafernik is able to map the phenomenon and look for trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10413\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Zombees-bee-in-vial-CU-640x360-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10413\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Zombees-bee-in-vial-CU-640x360-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"Professor John Hafernik of SFSU inspects a honeybee that may have been parasitized by A. borealis. Photo by Josh Cassidy/KQED.\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor John Hafernik of SFSU inspects a honeybee that may have been parasitized by A. borealis. Photo by Josh Cassidy/KQED.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plight of honeybees is of particular importance to humans. “If we lost the bees, we’d end up having to change our diet, because we rely on honey bees for pollinating many of the crops that we put on our table.” Hafernik added, “Most of the fruits and vegetables that we eat are bee pollinated. Bees really are our best friends.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Something strange and unsettling is happening to Bay Area honeybees. Entomologists at San Francisco State University have identified the culprit: a tiny parasitic fly is causing the bees to exhibit bizarre nocturnal behaviors before suffering a gruesome demise. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Professor John Hafernik of San Francisco State University doesn’t leave home without an empty vial in his pocket. Entomology isn’t just a job; it’s a way of life, and Hafernik never knows when he’ll come across an interesting specimen during his daily travels. It was this personal habit that led to his accidental discovery that Bay Area bees were falling victim to an insidious insect, a parasitic fly that would come to be known as the “Zombie fly”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Phorid-on-bee-1Christopher-Quock640x360-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Phorid-on-bee-1Christopher-Quock640x360-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"A female Phorid fly injects her eggs between the armored plates on a honeybee's abdomen. Christopher Quock/SFSU\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female Phorid fly injects her eggs between the armored plates on a honeybee’s abdomen. Christopher Quock/SFSU\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the school’s entomology museum, Hafernik lifts up a vial full of dead bees surrounded by tiny brown pupae. “This is the stuff of horror movies,” he said, “with maggots eating the insides out of these bees. Altering their behavior, perhaps, and causing their ultimate destruction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made this discovery entirely by accident, walking into the biology building on the San Francisco State campus one morning. I noticed that there were honey bees in front of the building that were on the ground, behaving strangely, walking around in circles.” Hafernik scooped up a few of the honeybees to feed a praying mantis that he was keeping in his office as a pet. “I put them on my desk and forgot about them. When I came back in a week or so and looked at it, that vial was filled with just a large number of these little brown fly pupae. And that’s when I knew that those bees were parasitized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10533\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 295px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/A.-borealis-female-Jessica-Van-Den-Berg.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10533\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/A.-borealis-female-Jessica-Van-Den-Berg.jpg\" alt=\"A female Zombie fly (A. borealis). Photo by Jessica Andrieux/SFSU\" width=\"295\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female Zombie fly (A. borealis). Photo by Jessica Andrieux/SFSU\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Originally described in the boreal forests of Maine, this Phorid fly, \u003cem>Apocephalon borealis\u003c/em>, is distributed over virtually all of the United States and Canada. “It’s a very small fly, smaller than a fruit fly. It’s the kind of fly that most people would not notice, even entomologists often don’t notice these flies,” said Hafernik. But despite their diminutive size, \u003cem>A. borealis\u003c/em> can have a catastrophic effect on the host organisms that they parasitize. The female fly is equipped with a specialized ova-depositor, a needle-like stinger that she uses to inject her eggs into the abdomen of a hapless insect host. The eggs hatch and the juvenile larvae, or maggots, feed on their living host from the inside. At some point, the host insect dies and the larvae escape their host’s carcass, often through a weak spot in the neck, emerging like the monster in the movie “Alien.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Bees that fly away at night basically are on a flight of the living dead. They’re not coming back.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While this fly has traditionally made use of native bumblebees and paper wasps as hosts, it has begun making use of the European honeybee — a foreign species brought to California by ship. “My graduate students and I, Andy Core and Jonathan Ivers, have been sampling honey bee colonies in collaboration with bee keepers around the San Francisco Bay Area. And what we’ve found is that almost 80 percent of the hives that we’ve worked with are infected or have been infected by this fly. So it’s a very common phenomenon in this part of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bees that are parasitized essentially get bee insomnia. They leave their hives at night, which is a really bad time for honey bees to be leaving their hives. Bees that fly away at night basically are on a flight of the living dead. They’re not coming back,” said Hafernik. While on their nocturnal outings, parasitized honeybees also seem to be compelled to seek out light sources. This behavior differentiates them from healthy bees who do not typically show interest in lights at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10414\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Zombees-RF-chips-640x360-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10414\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Zombees-RF-chips-640x360-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"SFSU graduate student Chris Quock outfits captive honeybees with tiny radio frequency chips that allow him to monitor the nocturnal behavior of bees infected by the A. borealis parasite. Photo by Josh Cassidy/KQED \" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFSU graduate student Chris Quock outfits captive honeybees with tiny radio frequency chips that allow him to monitor the nocturnal behavior of bees infected by the A. borealis parasite. Photo by Josh Cassidy/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In order to begin the pursuit of a future cure or treatment for the parasite infection, researchers must first determine what is happening to the honeybees. While SFSU graduate students like Chris Quock study the day and nighttime behavior of infected bees, Hafernik has set up a citizen scientist project in order to analyze the locations where \u003cem>A. borealis\u003c/em> has switched to parasitizing honeybees. \u003ca href=\"https://www.zombeewatch.org/\">ZomBee Watch\u003c/a> provides instructions of finding, collecting and identifying parasitized honeybees using a nighttime light trap. Participants can then upload their findings to the ZomBee Watch website, where Hafernik is able to map the phenomenon and look for trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10413\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Zombees-bee-in-vial-CU-640x360-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10413\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Zombees-bee-in-vial-CU-640x360-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"Professor John Hafernik of SFSU inspects a honeybee that may have been parasitized by A. borealis. Photo by Josh Cassidy/KQED.\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor John Hafernik of SFSU inspects a honeybee that may have been parasitized by A. borealis. Photo by Josh Cassidy/KQED.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plight of honeybees is of particular importance to humans. “If we lost the bees, we’d end up having to change our diet, because we rely on honey bees for pollinating many of the crops that we put on our table.” Hafernik added, “Most of the fruits and vegetables that we eat are bee pollinated. Bees really are our best friends.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Farming for Cranes: Can Agriculture Save an Ancient Migration?",
"headTitle": "Farming for Cranes: Can Agriculture Save an Ancient Migration? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10454\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqedcrane-1024x575.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10454\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqedcrane-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Sandhill cranes at dawn, rousing from their nighttime roosting spots at Woodbridge Ecological Reserve. (Photo: Liza Gross)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandhill cranes at dawn, rousing from their nighttime roosting spots at Woodbridge Ecological Reserve. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Half an hour before sunrise, we turn into the South Unit of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lands/wa/region3/docs/WhiteSloughWAWoodbridgeER.pdf\">Woodbridge Ecological Reserve\u003c/a>, windows shut against the late October chill. We’re just five miles west of Lodi, but as soon as we open our car doors, all thoughts of civilization fade away as a noisy chorus of otherworldly calls rises from the marsh before us. Hundreds of sandhill cranes greet the day with an avian reveille, rousing the troops in preparation for a day of foraging in the San Joaquin River Delta’s Sycamore Slough with a steady stream of bugle calls, trills, squawks, and honks, just as they have for hundreds of thousands if not millions of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2.5 million-year-old Pleistocene-era fossil found in Florida makes the sandhill crane (\u003cem>Grus canadensis\u003c/em>) among the oldest bird species still alive. Peering at the bird’s impressive physique through binoculars, it’s easy to see why biologists call them living fossils. Among the largest North American birds, they stand nearly five feet tall with a seven-foot wingspan, improbably skinny legs supporting a well-developed body. (Hunters long coveted the birds for their size, and though overhunting once threatened the birds with extinction, 16 states now allow hunting.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every September, thousands of cranes flock with youngsters in tow to this Central Valley delta from their breeding grounds in Northern California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Joining hundreds of thousands of other migratory birds along the \u003ca href=\"http://conservation.audubon.org/pacific-flyway\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a> (one of four major flyways in the United States), this Central Valley population stays through the winter, bulking up on insects, rodents and leftover grain, before heading back north in March to breed. (A lesser sandhill crane population, called the \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=usgsnpwrc\">Pacific Flyway population\u003c/a>, also migrates here from Alaska.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10464\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 538px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/greategret-768x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10464 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/greategret-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Wildlife-friendly agriculture benefits some 200 species of water-adapted birds, including the great egret. (Photo: Liza Gross)\" width=\"538\" height=\"517\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife-friendly agriculture benefits some 200 species of water-adapted birds, including the great egret. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When we first spot the cranes in the misty dawn, they’re stirring from a night of roosting in the open waters of the slough, (mostly) safe from coyotes and other predators. Within a few hours, they’ll head out to forage and rest for the day in nearby corn, rice and wheat fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Historic Threats\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThough sandhill cranes are the most abundant and widely distributed of the world’s 15 crane species, ranging from eastern Siberia to Cuba, the Central Valley population dropped precipitously during the early part of the last century, victims of overhunting and widespread habitat loss. The transformation of the valley’s floodplains to accommodate agriculture and development deprived waterfowl, shorebirds and waders of 90-95 percent of their seasonal wetland habitat, historically maintained by late-winter rains. By 1983, \u003ca href=\"http://cosumnes.org/about_crp/Ivy%20Crane%20Assessment.pdf\">California listed\u003c/a> the greater sandhill crane as a threatened species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To re-create lost winter habitats, state wildlife officials and conservation organizations, notably \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.audubon.org/\">Audubon\u003c/a>, started working with rice and corn farmers in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys to identify management practices that would benefit both the farmers and wildlife. For decades, farmers burned their fields after harvest, a cheap way to destroy crop residue and control disease and pests. But the practice, which generated hazardous air pollutants such as hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide, was \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrice.org/pdf/Reduction_Act_1991.pdf\">banned in 1991\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers turned to post-harvest flooding to decompose husks and stubble in their fields with the happy albeit unintentional consequence of creating high-quality habitat for waterbirds like the crane—a result that may explain why millions of water-adapted birds still use the region each year despite the catastrophic loss of wetland habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farming for Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nConcerned about ongoing habitat loss in the region and to show how intentional flooding and managing fields after harvest could benefit migratory birds, The Nature Conservancy bought \u003ca href=\"http://deltarevision.com/2002_docs/2002staten-cranes%5B1%5D.pdf\">Staten Island\u003c/a>, just west of Woodbridge, in 2001. Though crops include corn, tomatoes and wheat (not rice), Staten Island now serves as a working example of what wildlife-friendly agriculture looks like. Some fields are flooded to provide roosting spots safe from coyotes (it’s easier to hear approaching predators when they splash in the water) while others retain leftover grain to feed the overwintering birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well aware that flooding fields can prove expensive for larger farms, a recent study published this month in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880913002557\">Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment\u003c/a> evaluated different water-management practices to find the optimal balance of farmers’ costs and wildlife benefits. Although shorebirds, ducks and waders prefer different water depths for foraging and roosting, the researchers found that even one-time flooding can provide benefits to winter migrants while reducing the costs of more water-intensive management regimes. With climate change models predicting reduced precipitation in the Sierra Nevada and Central Valley, the finding demonstrates that it’s still possible to support water-sensitive wildlife in farming regions in the face of limited water availability. It’s important to note, however, that cranes face a much higher risk of predation if water levels drop too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We saw scores of cranes foraging in the corn fields in Staten Island last week, an indication that cranes and farms can co-exist. But loss of habitat remains a concern, as the past decade has seen more \u003ca href=\"http://deltarevision.com/2002_docs/2002staten-cranes%5B1%5D.pdf\">vineyards and orchards move into grain fields\u003c/a> historically used by cranes. With most wintering cranes \u003ca href=\"http://ca.audubon.org/sandhill-crane-0\">concentrating on private lands\u003c/a> in the valley, the future of this Pleistocene throwback will depend on the willingness of landowners to work with biologists to manage the land with wildlife in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNNxGCi3rAw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>****\u003cbr>\nLodi celebrates the annual influx of avian visitors with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cranefestival.com/\">Sandhill Crane Festival\u003c/a>, November 1-3. You can sign up for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cranefestival.com/tours.php\">guided tours\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"//cosumnes.org/documents/viewing.pdf\">follow this map\u003c/a> to venture out to \u003ca href=\"www.cosumnes.org\">Cosumnes River Preserve\u003c/a>, Staten Island or the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lands/er/region3/woodbridge.html\">Woodbridge Ecological Reserve\u003c/a> (also known as Isenberg Sandhill Crane Preserve) on your own. The best time to see cranes is around dawn and dusk.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Every September, the majestic sandhill crane migrates by the thousands from their breeding grounds as far north as British Columbia to the San Joaquin Valley Delta to fatten up for the next breeding season. Their long-term survival depends on innovative collaborations between conservation biologists and farmers to manage agricultural land as high-quality habitat.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10454\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqedcrane-1024x575.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10454\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/kqedcrane-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Sandhill cranes at dawn, rousing from their nighttime roosting spots at Woodbridge Ecological Reserve. (Photo: Liza Gross)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandhill cranes at dawn, rousing from their nighttime roosting spots at Woodbridge Ecological Reserve. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Half an hour before sunrise, we turn into the South Unit of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lands/wa/region3/docs/WhiteSloughWAWoodbridgeER.pdf\">Woodbridge Ecological Reserve\u003c/a>, windows shut against the late October chill. We’re just five miles west of Lodi, but as soon as we open our car doors, all thoughts of civilization fade away as a noisy chorus of otherworldly calls rises from the marsh before us. Hundreds of sandhill cranes greet the day with an avian reveille, rousing the troops in preparation for a day of foraging in the San Joaquin River Delta’s Sycamore Slough with a steady stream of bugle calls, trills, squawks, and honks, just as they have for hundreds of thousands if not millions of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2.5 million-year-old Pleistocene-era fossil found in Florida makes the sandhill crane (\u003cem>Grus canadensis\u003c/em>) among the oldest bird species still alive. Peering at the bird’s impressive physique through binoculars, it’s easy to see why biologists call them living fossils. Among the largest North American birds, they stand nearly five feet tall with a seven-foot wingspan, improbably skinny legs supporting a well-developed body. (Hunters long coveted the birds for their size, and though overhunting once threatened the birds with extinction, 16 states now allow hunting.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every September, thousands of cranes flock with youngsters in tow to this Central Valley delta from their breeding grounds in Northern California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Joining hundreds of thousands of other migratory birds along the \u003ca href=\"http://conservation.audubon.org/pacific-flyway\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a> (one of four major flyways in the United States), this Central Valley population stays through the winter, bulking up on insects, rodents and leftover grain, before heading back north in March to breed. (A lesser sandhill crane population, called the \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=usgsnpwrc\">Pacific Flyway population\u003c/a>, also migrates here from Alaska.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10464\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 538px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/greategret-768x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10464 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/greategret-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Wildlife-friendly agriculture benefits some 200 species of water-adapted birds, including the great egret. (Photo: Liza Gross)\" width=\"538\" height=\"517\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife-friendly agriculture benefits some 200 species of water-adapted birds, including the great egret. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When we first spot the cranes in the misty dawn, they’re stirring from a night of roosting in the open waters of the slough, (mostly) safe from coyotes and other predators. Within a few hours, they’ll head out to forage and rest for the day in nearby corn, rice and wheat fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Historic Threats\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThough sandhill cranes are the most abundant and widely distributed of the world’s 15 crane species, ranging from eastern Siberia to Cuba, the Central Valley population dropped precipitously during the early part of the last century, victims of overhunting and widespread habitat loss. The transformation of the valley’s floodplains to accommodate agriculture and development deprived waterfowl, shorebirds and waders of 90-95 percent of their seasonal wetland habitat, historically maintained by late-winter rains. By 1983, \u003ca href=\"http://cosumnes.org/about_crp/Ivy%20Crane%20Assessment.pdf\">California listed\u003c/a> the greater sandhill crane as a threatened species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To re-create lost winter habitats, state wildlife officials and conservation organizations, notably \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.audubon.org/\">Audubon\u003c/a>, started working with rice and corn farmers in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys to identify management practices that would benefit both the farmers and wildlife. For decades, farmers burned their fields after harvest, a cheap way to destroy crop residue and control disease and pests. But the practice, which generated hazardous air pollutants such as hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide, was \u003ca href=\"http://www.calrice.org/pdf/Reduction_Act_1991.pdf\">banned in 1991\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers turned to post-harvest flooding to decompose husks and stubble in their fields with the happy albeit unintentional consequence of creating high-quality habitat for waterbirds like the crane—a result that may explain why millions of water-adapted birds still use the region each year despite the catastrophic loss of wetland habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farming for Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nConcerned about ongoing habitat loss in the region and to show how intentional flooding and managing fields after harvest could benefit migratory birds, The Nature Conservancy bought \u003ca href=\"http://deltarevision.com/2002_docs/2002staten-cranes%5B1%5D.pdf\">Staten Island\u003c/a>, just west of Woodbridge, in 2001. Though crops include corn, tomatoes and wheat (not rice), Staten Island now serves as a working example of what wildlife-friendly agriculture looks like. Some fields are flooded to provide roosting spots safe from coyotes (it’s easier to hear approaching predators when they splash in the water) while others retain leftover grain to feed the overwintering birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well aware that flooding fields can prove expensive for larger farms, a recent study published this month in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880913002557\">Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment\u003c/a> evaluated different water-management practices to find the optimal balance of farmers’ costs and wildlife benefits. Although shorebirds, ducks and waders prefer different water depths for foraging and roosting, the researchers found that even one-time flooding can provide benefits to winter migrants while reducing the costs of more water-intensive management regimes. With climate change models predicting reduced precipitation in the Sierra Nevada and Central Valley, the finding demonstrates that it’s still possible to support water-sensitive wildlife in farming regions in the face of limited water availability. It’s important to note, however, that cranes face a much higher risk of predation if water levels drop too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We saw scores of cranes foraging in the corn fields in Staten Island last week, an indication that cranes and farms can co-exist. But loss of habitat remains a concern, as the past decade has seen more \u003ca href=\"http://deltarevision.com/2002_docs/2002staten-cranes%5B1%5D.pdf\">vineyards and orchards move into grain fields\u003c/a> historically used by cranes. With most wintering cranes \u003ca href=\"http://ca.audubon.org/sandhill-crane-0\">concentrating on private lands\u003c/a> in the valley, the future of this Pleistocene throwback will depend on the willingness of landowners to work with biologists to manage the land with wildlife in mind.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oNNxGCi3rAw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oNNxGCi3rAw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>****\u003cbr>\nLodi celebrates the annual influx of avian visitors with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cranefestival.com/\">Sandhill Crane Festival\u003c/a>, November 1-3. You can sign up for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cranefestival.com/tours.php\">guided tours\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"//cosumnes.org/documents/viewing.pdf\">follow this map\u003c/a> to venture out to \u003ca href=\"www.cosumnes.org\">Cosumnes River Preserve\u003c/a>, Staten Island or the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lands/er/region3/woodbridge.html\">Woodbridge Ecological Reserve\u003c/a> (also known as Isenberg Sandhill Crane Preserve) on your own. The best time to see cranes is around dawn and dusk.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Ignores Oversight of Plastic Bag Recyling Law",
"headTitle": "California Ignores Oversight of Plastic Bag Recyling Law | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Lack of data analysis leaves state in the dark as to success of plastic bag law. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/30/california-recyling/\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"rssmore\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/30/california-recyling/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"California Ignores Oversight of Plastic Bag Recyling Law\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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