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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/09/20140915science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21584\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/River-runoff.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/River-runoff.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were, potentially reducing the amount of runoff that reaches California's reservoirs. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were, potentially reducing the amount of runoff that reaches California’s reservoirs. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoir levels dropping, just about everyone is wishing the state had gotten more water this year. That doesn’t just depend on the weather, according to a team of scientists. Sierra Nevada forests play a big role in the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like crops, trees consume water. And Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were after decades of fire suppression. That could be reducing the amount of runoff coming from the snowpack — runoff that provides water for most of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call the Sierra Nevada our water towers for California,” says Roger Bales, a hydrologist with UC Merced. “About 60 percent of our consumable water comes from the Sierra Nevada.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales is working in a pine forest about 20 miles west of Lake Tahoe, to understand the balance between and trees and runoff. His team has installed hundreds of sensors in the American River basin to record snow depth and soil moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The snowmelt really enters the soil,” he says, “and flows downslope to the nearest stream channel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, it joins major rivers and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/waterandpower/map.jsp\">goes into reservoirs\u003c/a> and canals that reach \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">all the way to cities and farms\u003c/a> in the Central Valley, Bay Area and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/bales-729x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/bales-729x1024.jpg\" alt=\"UC Merced's Roger Bales and Ziran Zhang work on a snow sensor tower in the Tahoe National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"340\" height=\"477\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Merced’s Roger Bales and Ziran Zhang work on a snow sensor tower in the Tahoe National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When trees use water through the process of evapotranspiration, it doesn’t run off into rivers and reservoirs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That water travels up the tree trunk and then goes out through the leaves to the atmosphere,” Bales says. And there are a lot more trees using water today than there once were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequent, low-intensity fires once cleared out small trees and maintained spaces in the forest. Decades of suppressing fires has allowed the forest to fill in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You go back about 100-to-150 years and the forest data show us there were maybe only half as many trees here,” Bales says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowpack is also less stable in a dense forest. The snow gets stuck in the trees’ branches before reaching the ground and evaporates faster because it’s more susceptible to sun and wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because these changes have happened over millions of acres of forest, Bales says it’s led researchers to a basic question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there were half as many trees, would there be more runoff?” he asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research points to yes, he says — potentially a lot more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it 20 percent, 30 percent or 40 percent?” Bales says. “We’re sort of in that range. But that’s a hypothesis. Our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that you could get anywhere from half a million to a million acre-feet additional water out of the Sierra Nevada.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million acre-feet of water is enough to supply two million households in California for a year — an amount that could make a big difference during a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Managing Overgrown Forests\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the water piece is really huge,” says Scott Stephens, professor of fire science at UC Berkeley. “I think it’s under-appreciated but it’s massive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens has found similar results in the Illilouette Creek basin in Yosemite National Park. About 40 fires have been allowed to burn there over several decades, reducing the number of trees per acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like there’s 20 percent more surface water leaving the streams in that area since the fire program began in the mid-1970s,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The widely spaced trees also make the forest more resistant to high-severity fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ebfC6eGZE6wvva0IQjLqdbheiT23eRrP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I call it a potential win-win,” Stephens says. “It’s a win from a fire standpoint to have more resilient forests and also maybe a win in terms of being able to provide a critical resource for California, which is water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But leaving naturally caused fires to burn over large areas of the Sierra Nevada is tricky, he says, especially near houses and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Letting fire work in those lands is risky,” Stephens says. “Sometimes it’s going to go as expected and once in a while it goes wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option is to allow timber companies to cut small trees, thinning the forest. It’s commonly done where roads already exist, but can be prohibitively expensive in remote areas and often faces environmental opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change could make the problem even worse. A \u003ca href=\"http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/sierra-nevada-freshwater-runoff-could-drop-26-percent-by-2100-uc-study-finds/\">recent study\u003c/a> from UC Irvine found California’s forests will be using even more water by the end of the century, because warming temperatures will make the growing season longer. Runoff could drop by as much as 26 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t act today, our grandkids’ grandkids are going to have so few options,” Stephens says. “It’s going to be warmer. It’s going to be more difficult to do this work and they’re going to be basically chasing their tails.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens says the good news is that California water districts are joining the conversation about how to manage forests. While it didn’t used to be on their radar, the connection between trees and our drinking water is becoming hard to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California water districts are eyeing a potential new source of water: trees. After a century of fire suppression, Sierra Nevada forests are more dense than ever before. And those pine trees are taking up a lot of water that might otherwise run off into California rivers. \r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21584\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/River-runoff.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/River-runoff.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were, potentially reducing the amount of runoff that reaches California's reservoirs. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were, potentially reducing the amount of runoff that reaches California’s reservoirs. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoir levels dropping, just about everyone is wishing the state had gotten more water this year. That doesn’t just depend on the weather, according to a team of scientists. Sierra Nevada forests play a big role in the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like crops, trees consume water. And Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were after decades of fire suppression. That could be reducing the amount of runoff coming from the snowpack — runoff that provides water for most of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call the Sierra Nevada our water towers for California,” says Roger Bales, a hydrologist with UC Merced. “About 60 percent of our consumable water comes from the Sierra Nevada.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales is working in a pine forest about 20 miles west of Lake Tahoe, to understand the balance between and trees and runoff. His team has installed hundreds of sensors in the American River basin to record snow depth and soil moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The snowmelt really enters the soil,” he says, “and flows downslope to the nearest stream channel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, it joins major rivers and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/waterandpower/map.jsp\">goes into reservoirs\u003c/a> and canals that reach \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">all the way to cities and farms\u003c/a> in the Central Valley, Bay Area and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/bales-729x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/bales-729x1024.jpg\" alt=\"UC Merced's Roger Bales and Ziran Zhang work on a snow sensor tower in the Tahoe National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"340\" height=\"477\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Merced’s Roger Bales and Ziran Zhang work on a snow sensor tower in the Tahoe National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When trees use water through the process of evapotranspiration, it doesn’t run off into rivers and reservoirs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That water travels up the tree trunk and then goes out through the leaves to the atmosphere,” Bales says. And there are a lot more trees using water today than there once were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequent, low-intensity fires once cleared out small trees and maintained spaces in the forest. Decades of suppressing fires has allowed the forest to fill in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You go back about 100-to-150 years and the forest data show us there were maybe only half as many trees here,” Bales says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowpack is also less stable in a dense forest. The snow gets stuck in the trees’ branches before reaching the ground and evaporates faster because it’s more susceptible to sun and wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because these changes have happened over millions of acres of forest, Bales says it’s led researchers to a basic question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there were half as many trees, would there be more runoff?” he asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research points to yes, he says — potentially a lot more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it 20 percent, 30 percent or 40 percent?” Bales says. “We’re sort of in that range. But that’s a hypothesis. Our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that you could get anywhere from half a million to a million acre-feet additional water out of the Sierra Nevada.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million acre-feet of water is enough to supply two million households in California for a year — an amount that could make a big difference during a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Managing Overgrown Forests\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the water piece is really huge,” says Scott Stephens, professor of fire science at UC Berkeley. “I think it’s under-appreciated but it’s massive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens has found similar results in the Illilouette Creek basin in Yosemite National Park. About 40 fires have been allowed to burn there over several decades, reducing the number of trees per acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like there’s 20 percent more surface water leaving the streams in that area since the fire program began in the mid-1970s,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The widely spaced trees also make the forest more resistant to high-severity fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I call it a potential win-win,” Stephens says. “It’s a win from a fire standpoint to have more resilient forests and also maybe a win in terms of being able to provide a critical resource for California, which is water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But leaving naturally caused fires to burn over large areas of the Sierra Nevada is tricky, he says, especially near houses and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Letting fire work in those lands is risky,” Stephens says. “Sometimes it’s going to go as expected and once in a while it goes wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option is to allow timber companies to cut small trees, thinning the forest. It’s commonly done where roads already exist, but can be prohibitively expensive in remote areas and often faces environmental opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change could make the problem even worse. A \u003ca href=\"http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/sierra-nevada-freshwater-runoff-could-drop-26-percent-by-2100-uc-study-finds/\">recent study\u003c/a> from UC Irvine found California’s forests will be using even more water by the end of the century, because warming temperatures will make the growing season longer. Runoff could drop by as much as 26 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t act today, our grandkids’ grandkids are going to have so few options,” Stephens says. “It’s going to be warmer. It’s going to be more difficult to do this work and they’re going to be basically chasing their tails.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens says the good news is that California water districts are joining the conversation about how to manage forests. While it didn’t used to be on their radar, the connection between trees and our drinking water is becoming hard to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Coastal Cleanup 2014: Taming Beach Trash",
"headTitle": "Coastal Cleanup 2014: Taming Beach Trash | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21552\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo9-768x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21552\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo9-768x1024.jpg\" alt='The Crab Cove Visitor Center staff and volunteers visited the \"Washed Ashore\" exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo.' width=\"480\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Crab Cove Visitor Center staff and volunteers visited the “Washed Ashore” exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo. The whale skeleton was made from plastic bottles and debris. (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walk along a beach, almost any beach in the world, and you’ll find evidence of our addiction to convenience: plastic in its many, varied forms litters our shorelines and circles endlessly in the deep sea in one of the \u003ca title=\"Five Gyres.org website\" href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_problem/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five “gyres” \u003c/a>driven by ocean currents. Depressing as this may be, people are taking action to stem the tide of this trash and you can, too! One way is to participate in the largest volunteer event on the planet on Saturday, September 20 in the annual Coastal Cleanup, a worldwide effort to spend the morning cleaning trash off our local beaches and waterways and collecting data about the trash for researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2013, over 58,000 volunteers removed almost 750,000 pounds of trash and recyclables from California’s beaches, lakes, and waterways,” notes the \u003ca title=\"California Coastal Commission website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/about.html%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal Commission’s \u003c/a>website. In fact, at last year’s cleanup, according to the \u003ca title=\"2014 Ocean Trash Index\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/international-coastal-cleanup/2014-ocean-trash-index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 Ocean Trash index\u003c/a>, 648,015 volunteers around the world (for perspective, San Francisco has over 800,000 residents) cleaned 12,914 miles of shorelines and waterways and made a dent in 2013 by collecting 12,329,332 pounds of global trash, equivalent in weight to 823 male African elephants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Top 10 Items included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 cigarette butts: 2,043,470\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 Plastic beverage bottles: 940,170\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 Plastic grocery bags: 441,493\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also collected 1,034,667 pieces of tiny, toxic plastic pieces and enough fishing line to go up and over Mount Everest five times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21549\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-1-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21549 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-1-216x162.jpg\" alt='These musical jellies were made from plastic trash collected off the beach, part of the \"Washed Ashore\" exhibit.' width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These musical jellies were made from plastic trash collected off the beach, part of the “Washed Ashore” exhibit. (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to live near the ocean to participate in the Coastal Cleanup. We all live in a watershed with waterways leading to the bay, ocean, a lake or other body of water. You can cleanup shoreline areas or streets and parks where you live to keep trash from entering natural areas and harming wildlife. Visit the \u003ca title=\"Coastal Cleanup website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/join.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coastal Cleanup website\u003c/a> to find a cleanup near you and register to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is also on the verge of passing a ban on single-use plastic bags, another way to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment. Governor Brown has until September 30 to sign the legislation into law. It’s a good thing, too, since the statistics on single-use plastic bags are sobering. According to an estimate by \u003ca title=\"Californians Against Waste website\" href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a> less than 5% of them are recycled each year and roughly 50% are reported as landfill. This leaves about 45% of them unaccounted for and likely trashing up our streets, waterways and oceans. With Californians estimated to use 10-12 billion plastic bags per year, that’s a lot of unnecessary plastic trash. Many California cities and municipalities already have enacted a “bag ban” – a list is available on the California Recycles website. San Francisco led the way with a 2007 ban on plastic bags. If the bill is signed into law, California will be the first state to outlaw single-use plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21550\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-2-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21550 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-2-216x162.jpg\" alt='Representing the Pacific Gyre, the suspended ceiling of plastic trash floats over the heads of viewers at \"Washed Ashore.\"' width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Representing the Pacific Gyre, the suspended ceiling of plastic trash floats over the heads of viewers at “Washed Ashore.” (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The importance of reducing plastic waste and cleaning up shorelines is on display at the “Washed Ashore” exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo. It closes on September 21, so you’ll have to hurry if you want to catch it. For the exhibit, volunteers in Oregon have collected over 11 tons of beach debris over the last four years to create these unique works of art, some with musical elements you can play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And check out this KQED article, “\u003ca title=\"Washed Ashore, KQED Arts\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2014/05/23/washed-ashore-proves-that-one-persons-beach-trash-is-anothers-art/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washed Ashore\u003c/a>”, from its opening at the zoo back in May. You might also enjoy a musical interlude with \u003ca title=\"Mr. Eco, environmental rapper website\" href=\"http://www.mreco.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mr. Eco\u003c/a>, an environmental rapper that posts videos encouraging people to pick up litter and use less plastic. So join forces with others on September 20 or just carry a litter pick-up bag with you on any walk around town or in the park. As this year’s Coastal Cleanup slogan says, “\u003ca title=\"Let's Make Trash Extinct, Coastal Commission website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/extinct.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Let’s make trash extinct!\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21552\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo9-768x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21552\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo9-768x1024.jpg\" alt='The Crab Cove Visitor Center staff and volunteers visited the \"Washed Ashore\" exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo.' width=\"480\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Crab Cove Visitor Center staff and volunteers visited the “Washed Ashore” exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo. The whale skeleton was made from plastic bottles and debris. (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walk along a beach, almost any beach in the world, and you’ll find evidence of our addiction to convenience: plastic in its many, varied forms litters our shorelines and circles endlessly in the deep sea in one of the \u003ca title=\"Five Gyres.org website\" href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_problem/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five “gyres” \u003c/a>driven by ocean currents. Depressing as this may be, people are taking action to stem the tide of this trash and you can, too! One way is to participate in the largest volunteer event on the planet on Saturday, September 20 in the annual Coastal Cleanup, a worldwide effort to spend the morning cleaning trash off our local beaches and waterways and collecting data about the trash for researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2013, over 58,000 volunteers removed almost 750,000 pounds of trash and recyclables from California’s beaches, lakes, and waterways,” notes the \u003ca title=\"California Coastal Commission website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/about.html%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal Commission’s \u003c/a>website. In fact, at last year’s cleanup, according to the \u003ca title=\"2014 Ocean Trash Index\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/international-coastal-cleanup/2014-ocean-trash-index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 Ocean Trash index\u003c/a>, 648,015 volunteers around the world (for perspective, San Francisco has over 800,000 residents) cleaned 12,914 miles of shorelines and waterways and made a dent in 2013 by collecting 12,329,332 pounds of global trash, equivalent in weight to 823 male African elephants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Top 10 Items included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 cigarette butts: 2,043,470\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 Plastic beverage bottles: 940,170\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 Plastic grocery bags: 441,493\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also collected 1,034,667 pieces of tiny, toxic plastic pieces and enough fishing line to go up and over Mount Everest five times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21549\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-1-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21549 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-1-216x162.jpg\" alt='These musical jellies were made from plastic trash collected off the beach, part of the \"Washed Ashore\" exhibit.' width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These musical jellies were made from plastic trash collected off the beach, part of the “Washed Ashore” exhibit. (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to live near the ocean to participate in the Coastal Cleanup. We all live in a watershed with waterways leading to the bay, ocean, a lake or other body of water. You can cleanup shoreline areas or streets and parks where you live to keep trash from entering natural areas and harming wildlife. Visit the \u003ca title=\"Coastal Cleanup website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/join.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coastal Cleanup website\u003c/a> to find a cleanup near you and register to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is also on the verge of passing a ban on single-use plastic bags, another way to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment. Governor Brown has until September 30 to sign the legislation into law. It’s a good thing, too, since the statistics on single-use plastic bags are sobering. According to an estimate by \u003ca title=\"Californians Against Waste website\" href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a> less than 5% of them are recycled each year and roughly 50% are reported as landfill. This leaves about 45% of them unaccounted for and likely trashing up our streets, waterways and oceans. With Californians estimated to use 10-12 billion plastic bags per year, that’s a lot of unnecessary plastic trash. Many California cities and municipalities already have enacted a “bag ban” – a list is available on the California Recycles website. San Francisco led the way with a 2007 ban on plastic bags. If the bill is signed into law, California will be the first state to outlaw single-use plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21550\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-2-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21550 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-2-216x162.jpg\" alt='Representing the Pacific Gyre, the suspended ceiling of plastic trash floats over the heads of viewers at \"Washed Ashore.\"' width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Representing the Pacific Gyre, the suspended ceiling of plastic trash floats over the heads of viewers at “Washed Ashore.” (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The importance of reducing plastic waste and cleaning up shorelines is on display at the “Washed Ashore” exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo. It closes on September 21, so you’ll have to hurry if you want to catch it. For the exhibit, volunteers in Oregon have collected over 11 tons of beach debris over the last four years to create these unique works of art, some with musical elements you can play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And check out this KQED article, “\u003ca title=\"Washed Ashore, KQED Arts\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2014/05/23/washed-ashore-proves-that-one-persons-beach-trash-is-anothers-art/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washed Ashore\u003c/a>”, from its opening at the zoo back in May. You might also enjoy a musical interlude with \u003ca title=\"Mr. Eco, environmental rapper website\" href=\"http://www.mreco.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mr. Eco\u003c/a>, an environmental rapper that posts videos encouraging people to pick up litter and use less plastic. So join forces with others on September 20 or just carry a litter pick-up bag with you on any walk around town or in the park. As this year’s Coastal Cleanup slogan says, “\u003ca title=\"Let's Make Trash Extinct, Coastal Commission website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/extinct.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Let’s make trash extinct!\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>All is not well with the nation’s birds. The most comprehensive study ever of birds in America is out today, and it says many populations are in steep decline, even as others are doing well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, called “\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.stateofthebirds.org/extinctions/watchlist.pdf\">The State of the Birds\u003c/a>,” comes from the federal government, universities and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/10/142891/us_gets_middling_marks_on_2014_state_of_birds_report_card?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/10/142891/us_gets_middling_marks_on_2014_state_of_birds_report_card?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"U.S. Gets Middling Marks On 2014 'State Of Birds' Report Card\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">NPR Science – ingested into KQED\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>All is not well with the nation's birds. The most comprehensive study ever of birds in America is out today, and it says many populations are in steep decline, even as others are doing well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>The report, called \"\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.stateofthebirds.org/extinctions/watchlist.pdf\">The State of the Birds\u003c/a>,\" comes from the federal government, universities and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/10/142891/us_gets_middling_marks_on_2014_state_of_birds_report_card?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">...Read More\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cp>People in Maryland love their Baltimore orioles — so much so that their major league baseball team bears the name of the migrating bird. Yet, by 2080, there may not be any orioles left in Maryland. They migrate each year and, according to a new report, could soon be forced \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/09/142788/more_than_half_of_us_bird_species_threatened_by_climate_change?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/09/142788/more_than_half_of_us_bird_species_threatened_by_climate_change?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"More Than Half Of U.S. Bird Species Threatened By Climate Change\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">NPR Science – ingested into KQED\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>People in Maryland love their Baltimore orioles — so much so that their major league baseball team bears the name of the migrating bird. Yet, by 2080, there may not be any orioles left in Maryland. They migrate each year and, according to a new report, could soon be forced \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/09/142788/more_than_half_of_us_bird_species_threatened_by_climate_change?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">...Read More\u003c/a>",
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"title": "How to Drive Home the Drought Message: Make It a Game",
"headTitle": "How to Drive Home the Drought Message: Make It a Game | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21461\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Next-10-water-allocation-game-e1410223541561.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21461 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Next-10-water-allocation-game-e1410223541561.jpg\" alt=\"Next 10 water allocation game\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED Science)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve watched your neighbor “watering her sidewalk” or wrung your hands at the sight of agricultural runoff, now is your chance to allocate the state’s water resources. A new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawaterchallenge.org/\">online game \u003c/a>lets California residents control the state’s water — virtually, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From desalination investment to mandatory water reductions, the California Water Challenge lets users choose a range of outcomes and see how others voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price tags are attached to decisions, which have varying effects on energy consumption and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choosing to build a new reservoir, for example, not only costs $236 million per year, but it can also harm local ecosystems and may result in the loss of property tax revenue to local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/California-water-game.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-21491\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/California-water-game-1024x697.jpg\" alt=\"California water game\" width=\"625\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>During the worst drought in the state’s recorded history, \u003ca href=\"http://www.next10.org/about\">Next 10\u003c/a>, the non-profit that created the game, believes making difficult decisions will help people understand the extent of the drought. Next 10 is backed by venture capitalist F. Noel Perry, who also serves on the leadership council for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=434\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local water agencies across the state are issuing alerts for conservation and some are even placing mandatory restrictions on water use,” said Perry in a pre-launch release. “This problem is not going away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game follows the lead of “you-fix-it” games like the New York Times’ popular \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/13/weekinreview/deficits-graphic.html\">Budget Puzzle\u003c/a>, which asked citizens to balance the federal budget in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These games often expose gaps in knowledge or reveal underlying assumptions about government spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a generation of millennials, they also speak a familiar language. “Games are fast becoming the defining metaphor of our time,” Peter T. Coleman, professor of psychology and education at Columbia University told \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-five-percent/201301/the-consequences-our-games\">Psychology Today\u003c/a>. “How we think about, see and engage our world is largely determined by the metaphors we use to make sense of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Californians, this game may be a way to talk about a potentially eye-glazing issue with no easy solution. The game’s developers hope that being at the reins, even for five minutes, might usher in a sense of urgency and understanding about a new reality setting in for California.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "As the drought continues, efforts to spur action include an online game that puts users in charge of California's water supply. ",
"title": "How to Drive Home the Drought Message: Make It a Game | KQED",
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"headline": "How to Drive Home the Drought Message: Make It a Game",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21461\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Next-10-water-allocation-game-e1410223541561.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21461 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Next-10-water-allocation-game-e1410223541561.jpg\" alt=\"Next 10 water allocation game\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED Science)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve watched your neighbor “watering her sidewalk” or wrung your hands at the sight of agricultural runoff, now is your chance to allocate the state’s water resources. A new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawaterchallenge.org/\">online game \u003c/a>lets California residents control the state’s water — virtually, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From desalination investment to mandatory water reductions, the California Water Challenge lets users choose a range of outcomes and see how others voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price tags are attached to decisions, which have varying effects on energy consumption and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choosing to build a new reservoir, for example, not only costs $236 million per year, but it can also harm local ecosystems and may result in the loss of property tax revenue to local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/California-water-game.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-21491\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/California-water-game-1024x697.jpg\" alt=\"California water game\" width=\"625\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>During the worst drought in the state’s recorded history, \u003ca href=\"http://www.next10.org/about\">Next 10\u003c/a>, the non-profit that created the game, believes making difficult decisions will help people understand the extent of the drought. Next 10 is backed by venture capitalist F. Noel Perry, who also serves on the leadership council for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=434\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local water agencies across the state are issuing alerts for conservation and some are even placing mandatory restrictions on water use,” said Perry in a pre-launch release. “This problem is not going away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game follows the lead of “you-fix-it” games like the New York Times’ popular \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/13/weekinreview/deficits-graphic.html\">Budget Puzzle\u003c/a>, which asked citizens to balance the federal budget in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These games often expose gaps in knowledge or reveal underlying assumptions about government spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a generation of millennials, they also speak a familiar language. “Games are fast becoming the defining metaphor of our time,” Peter T. Coleman, professor of psychology and education at Columbia University told \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-five-percent/201301/the-consequences-our-games\">Psychology Today\u003c/a>. “How we think about, see and engage our world is largely determined by the metaphors we use to make sense of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Californians, this game may be a way to talk about a potentially eye-glazing issue with no easy solution. The game’s developers hope that being at the reins, even for five minutes, might usher in a sense of urgency and understanding about a new reality setting in for California.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Aquaculture Companies Explore Sustainable Fish Farming",
"headTitle": "California Aquaculture Companies Explore Sustainable Fish Farming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21430\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the past 20 years, fish farm production worldwide has quadrupled. According to United Nations estimates, it’s on a pace to account for half of the world’s total fish catch by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the farm-produced seafood consumed in this country is imported, much of it from Asia, and that has raised concerns about environmental and public health regulation at overseas fish farms. Now some California aquaculture businesses are pitching environmentally friendly ways to bring more business here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest environmental protection laws for fish farming in the country. But so far, the state’s aquaculture industry is embryonic. It added up to just $175 million in total value last year, said Randy Lovell, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife aquaculture coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there.’\u003ccite>— Phil Cruver, Catalina Sea Ranch\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Catalina Sea Ranch spent more than two years convincing the California Coastal Commission that it can operate in a stretch of ocean about 6 miles offshore from Long Beach without hurting the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company president Phil Cruver says he’s ready to make good on his promises. At a recent press event, he displayed an array of buoy-mounted monitors that will transmit data from the farm site in real time, using an ocean-going cellular phone network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there,” he said. “We’re going to show on 100 acres, independent institutions, that offshore aquaculture is not detrimental to the environmental health of the oceans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the Sea Ranch monitors will be freely available to researchers, and regulators will track it to determine if operations there have caused environmental harm, Cruver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/166814178&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s well on the way to the $5 million he needs to fund the project, which will be located on the San Pedro shelf. There, cold, nutrient-rich water rises from the depths further out. In October, Cruver plans to set out 40 heavy ropes packed with baby mussels, suspended from buoys and anchored to the sea floor. Next June, he expects to harvest his first crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big concerns about fish farming is that farm stock might gobble food that the wild population needs or foul the water with waste. Cruver say his university research partners will monitor the waters around the Sea Ranch and he’ll take their direction to keep the ecosystem safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the company’s shore-based breeding tanks, Cruver hopes to grow his own food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll use technology developed by Los Angeles-based OriginOil. The company’s research director, Nick Eckelberry, brought an aquarium-sized tank of murky green water to the Sea Ranch press event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21435\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21435\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To show how his system works, Eckelberry flipped a switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, a ghostly cloud of tiny bubbles rose to the surface. The bubbles were oxygen and hydrogen gas, the remnants of water molecules broken up by the electric charge and carrying particles of algae with them as they surfaced. An automated comb swept the water, collecting a pea-soup paste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry says that paste makes good feed for baby mussels and other farmed seafood, too. Right now, fish farms rely on feed made from ground-up anchovies, sardines and mackerel, and that can deplete ocean ecosystems. Eckelberry says algae-based food is a good alternative, but making it has required energy-hungry centrifuges. Until now. He says his process makes algae-based food affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that you typically have a lot of water and a little bit of algae, and the question is, ‘How do you get the algae out affordably?’ Eckelberry said. “Almost serendipitously, that is what this system does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry said another alternate food based on soy costs more than times what he’ll have to charge for his algae-based fish chow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell, the state aquaculture coordinator, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has conducted broad research in alternative feeds in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21438\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"320\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Typically, fish farms have an additional problem: how to dispose of toxic bio waste. Twenty miles north of the Sea Ranch headquarters, another entrepreneur is working on a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rosenstein slides open a greenhouse door. There are lush plantings of bok choy, red Russian kale, basil, Bavarian lettuce, celery and more, all growing in water, like a conventional hydroponics operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a corner, there are two large tanks full of water. Rosenstein reaches into one with a net.\u003cbr>\n“I know. Hold on, guys,” he murmurs into the tank. There’s a little splash, then a flurry, with water flying in all directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hold on! One second, please!” Rosenstein pleads, but the struggle just gets fiercer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, dripping with water and panting slightly, Rosenstein holds up a 5-pound catfish in the net for a second. It thrashes free and plunges back into the depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein’s greenhouse uses aquaponics, which blends hydroponics and fish farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farmer would have to worry about disposing of fecal material. Not Rosenstein, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All his waste streams, which he currently pays top dollar to become EPA-compliant, is something I do naturally within the system,” Rosenstein said. “His dollar stops at the point where he harvests his fish. But mine continues. Because I’m doing this system, it’s not a cost. It’s part of the design of the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’\u003ccite>— Karen Ross, California Department of Food and Agriculture\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He composts the waste, turning it into fertilizer for his plants, which in turn helps to purify the water for the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell said he’s intrigued by such models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of attraction to it because of the closing of the cycle, the sharing of nutrients between fish and plants. It pushes a lot of buttons that make a lot of sense, myself included,” he said. “However, many of the people who are involved in aquaponics are making a fair amount of their money by training other people to do it. There aren’t very many commercial-scale aquaponics companies that are making their money on the production itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross said she sees a lot of promise in the approach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at these systems, a lot of them are recycling water, which is really one of the keys, is, ‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross said a growing sense of urgency over the depletion of wild fish stocks, coupled with the current drought, has state and federal agencies studying environmentally friendly aquaculture. And she knows of several investors who are preparing to launch more such projects.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Most of the farm-produced seafood consumed in this country is imported, much of it from Asia, and that has raised concerns about environmental and public health regulation at overseas fish farms. Now some California aquaculture businesses are pitching environmentally friendly ways to bring more business here.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21430\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the past 20 years, fish farm production worldwide has quadrupled. According to United Nations estimates, it’s on a pace to account for half of the world’s total fish catch by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the farm-produced seafood consumed in this country is imported, much of it from Asia, and that has raised concerns about environmental and public health regulation at overseas fish farms. Now some California aquaculture businesses are pitching environmentally friendly ways to bring more business here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest environmental protection laws for fish farming in the country. But so far, the state’s aquaculture industry is embryonic. It added up to just $175 million in total value last year, said Randy Lovell, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife aquaculture coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there.’\u003ccite>— Phil Cruver, Catalina Sea Ranch\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Catalina Sea Ranch spent more than two years convincing the California Coastal Commission that it can operate in a stretch of ocean about 6 miles offshore from Long Beach without hurting the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company president Phil Cruver says he’s ready to make good on his promises. At a recent press event, he displayed an array of buoy-mounted monitors that will transmit data from the farm site in real time, using an ocean-going cellular phone network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there,” he said. “We’re going to show on 100 acres, independent institutions, that offshore aquaculture is not detrimental to the environmental health of the oceans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the Sea Ranch monitors will be freely available to researchers, and regulators will track it to determine if operations there have caused environmental harm, Cruver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/166814178&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s well on the way to the $5 million he needs to fund the project, which will be located on the San Pedro shelf. There, cold, nutrient-rich water rises from the depths further out. In October, Cruver plans to set out 40 heavy ropes packed with baby mussels, suspended from buoys and anchored to the sea floor. Next June, he expects to harvest his first crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big concerns about fish farming is that farm stock might gobble food that the wild population needs or foul the water with waste. Cruver say his university research partners will monitor the waters around the Sea Ranch and he’ll take their direction to keep the ecosystem safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the company’s shore-based breeding tanks, Cruver hopes to grow his own food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll use technology developed by Los Angeles-based OriginOil. The company’s research director, Nick Eckelberry, brought an aquarium-sized tank of murky green water to the Sea Ranch press event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21435\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21435\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To show how his system works, Eckelberry flipped a switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, a ghostly cloud of tiny bubbles rose to the surface. The bubbles were oxygen and hydrogen gas, the remnants of water molecules broken up by the electric charge and carrying particles of algae with them as they surfaced. An automated comb swept the water, collecting a pea-soup paste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry says that paste makes good feed for baby mussels and other farmed seafood, too. Right now, fish farms rely on feed made from ground-up anchovies, sardines and mackerel, and that can deplete ocean ecosystems. Eckelberry says algae-based food is a good alternative, but making it has required energy-hungry centrifuges. Until now. He says his process makes algae-based food affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that you typically have a lot of water and a little bit of algae, and the question is, ‘How do you get the algae out affordably?’ Eckelberry said. “Almost serendipitously, that is what this system does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry said another alternate food based on soy costs more than times what he’ll have to charge for his algae-based fish chow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell, the state aquaculture coordinator, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has conducted broad research in alternative feeds in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21438\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"320\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Typically, fish farms have an additional problem: how to dispose of toxic bio waste. Twenty miles north of the Sea Ranch headquarters, another entrepreneur is working on a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rosenstein slides open a greenhouse door. There are lush plantings of bok choy, red Russian kale, basil, Bavarian lettuce, celery and more, all growing in water, like a conventional hydroponics operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a corner, there are two large tanks full of water. Rosenstein reaches into one with a net.\u003cbr>\n“I know. Hold on, guys,” he murmurs into the tank. There’s a little splash, then a flurry, with water flying in all directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hold on! One second, please!” Rosenstein pleads, but the struggle just gets fiercer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, dripping with water and panting slightly, Rosenstein holds up a 5-pound catfish in the net for a second. It thrashes free and plunges back into the depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein’s greenhouse uses aquaponics, which blends hydroponics and fish farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farmer would have to worry about disposing of fecal material. Not Rosenstein, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All his waste streams, which he currently pays top dollar to become EPA-compliant, is something I do naturally within the system,” Rosenstein said. “His dollar stops at the point where he harvests his fish. But mine continues. Because I’m doing this system, it’s not a cost. It’s part of the design of the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’\u003ccite>— Karen Ross, California Department of Food and Agriculture\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He composts the waste, turning it into fertilizer for his plants, which in turn helps to purify the water for the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell said he’s intrigued by such models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of attraction to it because of the closing of the cycle, the sharing of nutrients between fish and plants. It pushes a lot of buttons that make a lot of sense, myself included,” he said. “However, many of the people who are involved in aquaponics are making a fair amount of their money by training other people to do it. There aren’t very many commercial-scale aquaponics companies that are making their money on the production itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross said she sees a lot of promise in the approach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at these systems, a lot of them are recycling water, which is really one of the keys, is, ‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>A smoke plume from the Meadow Fire in Yosemite National Park prompted helicopter evacuations of about 100 hikers near iconic Half Dome. (Yosemite National Park via Twitter)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A wildfire burning for weeks in the Yosemite National Park backcountry grew unexpectedly on Sunday, forcing the helicopter evacuation of about 100 park \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Yosemite Fire Flares Up, Forces Helicopter Evacuations\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cp>A smoke plume from the Meadow Fire in Yosemite National Park prompted helicopter evacuations of about 100 hikers near iconic Half Dome. (Yosemite National Park via Twitter)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A wildfire burning for weeks in the Yosemite National Park backcountry grew unexpectedly on Sunday, forcing the helicopter evacuation of about 100 park \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">...Read More\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>A smoke plume from the Meadow Fire in Yosemite National Park prompted helicopter evacuations of about 100 hikers near iconic Half Dome. (Yosemite National Park via Twitter)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A wildfire burning for weeks in the Yosemite National Park backcountry grew unexpectedly on Sunday, forcing the helicopter evacuation of about 100 park \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Yosemite Fire Flares Up, Forces Helicopter Evacuations\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Burned Out: Why Western Wildfires Have Gotten Bigger, Meaner and Harder to Control",
"title": "Burned Out: Why Western Wildfires Have Gotten Bigger, Meaner and Harder to Control",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thousands of people Wednesday were forced to flee a rapidly spreading wildfire approaching the California town of Mariposa near Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a day after Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a> a state of emergency for Mariposa County, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1672\" target=\"_blank\">Detwiler Fire\u003c/a> had nearly doubled in size, covering roughly 46,000 acres and threatening scores of homes and other structures. [Update: By Thursday morning, the fire had spread to 70,000 acres and was only 10 percent contained, according to Cal Fire.] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze is among nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=df8bcc10430f48878b01c96e907a1fc3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">40 large active fires\u003c/a> burning across 12 western states as of Wednesday, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>. More than 4 million acres have burned since the start of 2017, the site reports, compared to 2.7 million acres in the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why do wildfires seem to be getting more ferocious each year? Warmer conditions, drought and other impacts of climate change are major contributors, but there's more to the story. Comic journalist Andy Warner explains the fiery history of how we got here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"3726\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30698\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-160x962.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-240x1442.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-375x2254.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-520x3125.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Source links\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00345.1\">http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00345.1\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL059576/abstract\">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL059576/abstract\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/07/060710084004.htm\">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/07/060710084004.htm\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thousands of people Wednesday were forced to flee a rapidly spreading wildfire approaching the California town of Mariposa near Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a day after Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a> a state of emergency for Mariposa County, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1672\" target=\"_blank\">Detwiler Fire\u003c/a> had nearly doubled in size, covering roughly 46,000 acres and threatening scores of homes and other structures. [Update: By Thursday morning, the fire had spread to 70,000 acres and was only 10 percent contained, according to Cal Fire.] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze is among nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=df8bcc10430f48878b01c96e907a1fc3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">40 large active fires\u003c/a> burning across 12 western states as of Wednesday, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>. More than 4 million acres have burned since the start of 2017, the site reports, compared to 2.7 million acres in the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why do wildfires seem to be getting more ferocious each year? Warmer conditions, drought and other impacts of climate change are major contributors, but there's more to the story. Comic journalist Andy Warner explains the fiery history of how we got here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"3726\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30698\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-160x962.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-240x1442.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-375x2254.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-520x3125.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Source links\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00345.1\">http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00345.1\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why You Might Want to Wait Until January to Buy a New Sofa",
"headTitle": "Why You Might Want to Wait Until January to Buy a New Sofa | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/sofa2-1024x575.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/sofa2-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"cabbit/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/cabbit/3385850471/\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chemicals from flame retardants in furniture have turned up in women’s breastmilk. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cabbit/3385850471/\">cabbit/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thirty-nine years ago a California law put flame retardants into virtually every piece of upholstered furniture sold in the country. By one estimate, an average sofa contains two pounds of flame retardant chemicals injected into its foam cushions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, that decision struck many as unwise, especially when environmental health researchers began discovering that the chemicals were leaving the sofas and turning up in peoples’ bodies, especially young children. Studies done on rats suggest links between certain flame retardant chemicals and cancer and fertility problems, although those links are hard to confirm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, fire safety \u003ca href=\"http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Babrauskas-and-Blum-Paper.pdf\">researchers \u003c/a>and\u003ca href=\"http://www.cpf.org/go/cpf/news-and-events/news/ffs-make-case-for-removing-toxins-from-flame-retardants/\"> fire fighters\u003c/a> have \u003ca href=\"http://greensciencepolicy.org/topics/furniture/\">questioned \u003c/a>whether flame retardant chemicals actually prevent house fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California is reversing its policy. Two new rules – \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\">one taking effect in January\u003c/a>, another awaiting Governor Browns’s signature – all but guarantee that the chemicals are going to be a lot less ubiquitous in coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, Brown hasn’t outlawed the chemicals. Instead (without getting into the weeds here), the \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18301\">new rules\u003c/a>, which take effect in January, mean that furniture makers aren’t required to use the chemicals anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>Is flame-retardant free furniture widely available yet? In lieu of labels, how can consumers know?\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>SB 1019, the bill awaiting signature, would require that any products that do contain the chemicals will be labeled. If passed, that law would take effect in January as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this leave us? Is flame-retardant free furniture widely available yet? And – in lieu of labels — how can consumers know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, I called Charles Margulis with the Oakland-based nonprofit Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED: If I went to buy a sofa right now, what are the chances I’d find something that is flame-retardant free?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margulis: Most of the companies are telling us that, yes, they already have some [flame-retardant free] items on stock. They do still have some older items on the floor as well, but by the end of this year or early next, they say almost everything they sell will be flame-retardant free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve had lengthy discussions with these companies to see which are in transition, which are already offering flame-retardant free products, and which will soon be offering products made without those flame retardant chemicals. Those lists are up on \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/campaigns/flame-retardants/ceh-action/finding-safer-products/\">our website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would say “Hey, I saw you were listed as a company in transition. Can you tell me what you have right now that’s flame-retardant free?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can hold off for a few months, hold off and buy your furniture early next year. Then you’ll have a much better chance, I think.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The new law doesn’t outlaw flame retardants in furniture. It just says manufacturers are no longer required to use them.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a way to tell by looking at a sofa or armchair whether it contains flame retardants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The great thing about \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1019\">SB 1019\u003c/a> is that [if it’s signed into law] there will be a label. So you will know and you will be sure. Until then, we’ve put together some guidelines: one for office furniture; and two consumers’ lists, one for home products, the other for baby products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Furniture with a tag that says “TB117-2013” is less-likely, though not guaranteed (read on!) to have flame-retardant chemicals.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Governor Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\">issued his new policy \u003c/a>last November. Why are we seeing any flame retardants in furniture at all?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there was a transition period in that law. Companies were permitted to make their products to the new [flame-retardant free] standard by the first of January, 2014. But they weren’t required to meet the new standard until January 1 of 2015. So they gave the companies a one-year transition period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing about that law is that it doesn’t require companies to get rid of flame retardant chemicals. It simply says that for the first time in many decades, you can meet the standard without flame retardant chemicals. And that’s a big change, but not every company is going to make that change right away. They are legally allowed to use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1019 gives consumers the only way to know when they go to the store, what has flame retardants and what doesn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will SB 1019 cover all products?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1019, the labeling disclosure law, is for furniture only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about children’s products like strollers and changing pads. Are those manufacturers phasing out the use of flame retardants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think children’s and baby products are a little ahead of the game because they knew in late 2013 that they would be exempted from the standard. So there should be more baby products on the market that don’t contain flame retardant chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, parents should ask the companies. And don’t just settle for the people on the floor at the store. I would call the company’s consumer hotline and really get the bottom line from then\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Governor Brown’s new regulations exempted 17 baby and children’s products — including changing pads, infant swings and strollers — from the flammability standards altogether. So those manufacturers have no obligation to use flame retardant chemicals. For a complete list, see \u003ca href=\"http://www.bhfti.ca.gov/about/laws/mod_15day.pdf\">this PDF\u003c/a>, pg. 13.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Once the new laws take effect, is CEH going to be testing furniture, to see whether manufacturers are labeling correctly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We intend to stay on top of this and keep testing throughout next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/sofa2-1024x575.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/sofa2-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"cabbit/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/cabbit/3385850471/\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chemicals from flame retardants in furniture have turned up in women’s breastmilk. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cabbit/3385850471/\">cabbit/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thirty-nine years ago a California law put flame retardants into virtually every piece of upholstered furniture sold in the country. By one estimate, an average sofa contains two pounds of flame retardant chemicals injected into its foam cushions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, that decision struck many as unwise, especially when environmental health researchers began discovering that the chemicals were leaving the sofas and turning up in peoples’ bodies, especially young children. Studies done on rats suggest links between certain flame retardant chemicals and cancer and fertility problems, although those links are hard to confirm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, fire safety \u003ca href=\"http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Babrauskas-and-Blum-Paper.pdf\">researchers \u003c/a>and\u003ca href=\"http://www.cpf.org/go/cpf/news-and-events/news/ffs-make-case-for-removing-toxins-from-flame-retardants/\"> fire fighters\u003c/a> have \u003ca href=\"http://greensciencepolicy.org/topics/furniture/\">questioned \u003c/a>whether flame retardant chemicals actually prevent house fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California is reversing its policy. Two new rules – \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\">one taking effect in January\u003c/a>, another awaiting Governor Browns’s signature – all but guarantee that the chemicals are going to be a lot less ubiquitous in coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, Brown hasn’t outlawed the chemicals. Instead (without getting into the weeds here), the \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18301\">new rules\u003c/a>, which take effect in January, mean that furniture makers aren’t required to use the chemicals anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>Is flame-retardant free furniture widely available yet? In lieu of labels, how can consumers know?\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>SB 1019, the bill awaiting signature, would require that any products that do contain the chemicals will be labeled. If passed, that law would take effect in January as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this leave us? Is flame-retardant free furniture widely available yet? And – in lieu of labels — how can consumers know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, I called Charles Margulis with the Oakland-based nonprofit Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED: If I went to buy a sofa right now, what are the chances I’d find something that is flame-retardant free?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margulis: Most of the companies are telling us that, yes, they already have some [flame-retardant free] items on stock. They do still have some older items on the floor as well, but by the end of this year or early next, they say almost everything they sell will be flame-retardant free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve had lengthy discussions with these companies to see which are in transition, which are already offering flame-retardant free products, and which will soon be offering products made without those flame retardant chemicals. Those lists are up on \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/campaigns/flame-retardants/ceh-action/finding-safer-products/\">our website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would say “Hey, I saw you were listed as a company in transition. Can you tell me what you have right now that’s flame-retardant free?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can hold off for a few months, hold off and buy your furniture early next year. Then you’ll have a much better chance, I think.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The new law doesn’t outlaw flame retardants in furniture. It just says manufacturers are no longer required to use them.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a way to tell by looking at a sofa or armchair whether it contains flame retardants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The great thing about \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1019\">SB 1019\u003c/a> is that [if it’s signed into law] there will be a label. So you will know and you will be sure. Until then, we’ve put together some guidelines: one for office furniture; and two consumers’ lists, one for home products, the other for baby products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Furniture with a tag that says “TB117-2013” is less-likely, though not guaranteed (read on!) to have flame-retardant chemicals.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Governor Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\">issued his new policy \u003c/a>last November. Why are we seeing any flame retardants in furniture at all?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there was a transition period in that law. Companies were permitted to make their products to the new [flame-retardant free] standard by the first of January, 2014. But they weren’t required to meet the new standard until January 1 of 2015. So they gave the companies a one-year transition period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing about that law is that it doesn’t require companies to get rid of flame retardant chemicals. It simply says that for the first time in many decades, you can meet the standard without flame retardant chemicals. And that’s a big change, but not every company is going to make that change right away. They are legally allowed to use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1019 gives consumers the only way to know when they go to the store, what has flame retardants and what doesn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will SB 1019 cover all products?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1019, the labeling disclosure law, is for furniture only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about children’s products like strollers and changing pads. Are those manufacturers phasing out the use of flame retardants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think children’s and baby products are a little ahead of the game because they knew in late 2013 that they would be exempted from the standard. So there should be more baby products on the market that don’t contain flame retardant chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, parents should ask the companies. And don’t just settle for the people on the floor at the store. I would call the company’s consumer hotline and really get the bottom line from then\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Governor Brown’s new regulations exempted 17 baby and children’s products — including changing pads, infant swings and strollers — from the flammability standards altogether. So those manufacturers have no obligation to use flame retardant chemicals. For a complete list, see \u003ca href=\"http://www.bhfti.ca.gov/about/laws/mod_15day.pdf\">this PDF\u003c/a>, pg. 13.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Once the new laws take effect, is CEH going to be testing furniture, to see whether manufacturers are labeling correctly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We intend to stay on top of this and keep testing throughout next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One of the key fisheries on the West Coast is coming back after years of decline. That’s prompting a sustainable seafood group \u003ca href=\"http://blog.seafoodwatch.org/post/96452842179/consumers-now-have-many-more-sustainable-seafood\">change their consumer ratings\u003c/a> for almost two dozen fish species from “avoid” to “good” or “best” choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The species are all considered groundfish, fish that show up on restaurant menus as rock cod, pacific snapper, black cod and sole. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, the fishery was declared a federal disaster because catches were so low. The fishery has experienced dramatic changes since then, including stringent new fishing rules under a “catch share” program and the closure of fishing grounds in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/02/28/california-ocean-reserves-show-promising-results-for-marine-life/\">marine protected areas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a lot of effort over the last decade and a half to improve management and make sure the problem species were put onto recovery plans,” says Santi Roberts of the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/\">Seafood Watch\u003c/a> program. “There’s been an increase in those species, which is a really positive thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the Seafood Watch \u003ca href=\"http://blog.seafoodwatch.org/post/96452842179/consumers-now-have-many-more-sustainable-seafood\">ratings for 21 fish\u003c/a> are going from “avoid” to “good alternative” or “best choice.” In all, 84 percent of the fish caught in the commercial groundfish fishery have those ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably the single greatest number of species that have moved up,” Roberts says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a catch share fishing system, each fisherman is given a quota for each species he or she fishes for. On-board observers count every fish that’s caught in order to reduce the amount of by-catch, fish that are accidentally caught and thrown overboard. Fishermen will be responsible for paying for the full cost for the observers by 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/12/23/132240253/west-coast-fishery-moves-to-market-based-system#commentBlock\">system was controversial\u003c/a> when it was implemented in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/stories/2012/07/07_19_12catch_shares.html\">results from NOAA\u003c/a>, by-catch is down and revenue is up under the system. While it could take decades for many rockfish species to bounce back, some, like bocaccio, are expected to recover in half the amount of time that was originally forecast.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the key fisheries on the West Coast is coming back after years of decline. That’s prompting a sustainable seafood group \u003ca href=\"http://blog.seafoodwatch.org/post/96452842179/consumers-now-have-many-more-sustainable-seafood\">change their consumer ratings\u003c/a> for almost two dozen fish species from “avoid” to “good” or “best” choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The species are all considered groundfish, fish that show up on restaurant menus as rock cod, pacific snapper, black cod and sole. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, the fishery was declared a federal disaster because catches were so low. The fishery has experienced dramatic changes since then, including stringent new fishing rules under a “catch share” program and the closure of fishing grounds in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/02/28/california-ocean-reserves-show-promising-results-for-marine-life/\">marine protected areas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a lot of effort over the last decade and a half to improve management and make sure the problem species were put onto recovery plans,” says Santi Roberts of the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/\">Seafood Watch\u003c/a> program. “There’s been an increase in those species, which is a really positive thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the Seafood Watch \u003ca href=\"http://blog.seafoodwatch.org/post/96452842179/consumers-now-have-many-more-sustainable-seafood\">ratings for 21 fish\u003c/a> are going from “avoid” to “good alternative” or “best choice.” In all, 84 percent of the fish caught in the commercial groundfish fishery have those ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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