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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-qd8YCaoQ4&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama joined leaders and diplomats from more than 190 countries who convened in Paris today to kick off a two week effort towards negotiating an international climate change agreement. \u003c!--more-->The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cop21.gouv.fr/en/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations' sponsored event\u003c/a>, the largest gathering of world leaders in history, is an urgent, sweeping attempt to reduce global carbon emissions and stave off the worst consequences of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2015 is on track to be the warmest year on record. In fact, nearly all of the warmest years on record \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/10-warmest-years-globally\" target=\"_blank\">have occurred\u003c/a> since 2000. During that time, the frequency of extreme weather events -- from droughts and floods, to hurricanes and freezes -- have also risen significantly. The vast majority of scientists agree that these changes largely stem from a rapid increase in greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the greatest inequity of the crisis is that those least responsible for contributing to climate change -- people of the world's poorest nations -- will likely continue to be the most adversely impacted by its consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore the issue in greater depth with these excellent interactive resources from around the web. Additionally, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/e-books/\" target=\"_blank\">click here\u003c/a> to download a series of KQED Science Education e-Books on the science of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Climate 101\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>A good short explainer on the basic science of climate change, narrated by celebrity scientist Bill Nye (\"the Science Guy\") and produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climaterealityproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Climate Reality\u003c/a> project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/3v-w8Cyfoq8\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Climate map: the global culprits and victims\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.carbonmap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Carbon Map\u003c/a> was created by Duncan Clark and Robin Houston from the design firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.kiln.it/\" target=\"_blank\">KILN\u003c/a> as an entry in the World Bank’s \u003ca href=\"http://worldbank.org/appsforclimate\" target=\"_blank\">Apps for Climate competition\u003c/a>. Recently updated and featured on \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2014/sep/23/carbon-map-which-countries-are-responsible-for-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\">The Guardian's site\u003c/a>, the map resizes the world's geography so as to reflect the nations that are most responsible for climate change and those most vulnerable to its impacts. Click the PLAY button to see a demo. Listed below the map is a collection of additional interactive climate change resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.carbonmap.org/?header=hidden#\" width=\"1000\" height=\"660\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>NASA's Climate Time Machine\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>A series of visualizations showing how some of the world's key climate indicators like global temperature, sea ice and carbon levels have changed over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://climate.nasa.gov/interactives/climate_time_machine\" width=\"900\" height=\"800\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Carbon story\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://globalcarbonatlas.org/?q=outreach\" target=\"_blank\">Global Carbon Project\u003c/a>, this visualization shows the past, present and future of carbon production and its environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://globalcarbonatlas.org/?q=outreach\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-14331 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"carbon story - Copy\" width=\"1065\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy.jpg 1065w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy-400x214.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy-800x427.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy-768x410.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy-320x171.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1065px) 100vw, 1065px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Flooding risks\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/24/upshot/flooding-risk-from-climate-change-country-by-country.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpSum&module=second-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">NY Times\u003c/a> interactive team put together a country by country map of flooding risks due to climate change, using data from an analysis conducted by \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Climate Central\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/24/upshot/flooding-risk-from-climate-change-country-by-country.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpSum&module=second-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-14336 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"Upshot - Copy\" width=\"814\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy.jpg 814w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy-400x294.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy-800x588.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy-768x564.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy-320x235.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 814px) 100vw, 814px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Climate Hot Map\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Union of Concerned Scientists\u003c/a>, this map tracks climate change-related impacts in locations around the world. Indicators include heat waves, sea-level rise, flooding, melting glaciers, earlier spring arrival, coral reef bleaching, and the spread of disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatehotmap.org/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-20326 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/ucs.jpg\" alt=\"ucs\" width=\"907\" height=\"681\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/ucs.jpg 907w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/ucs-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/ucs-800x601.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 907px) 100vw, 907px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How hot has it gotten in your lifetime (and how much hotter will it get)?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Also created by Duncan Clark from \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc.live.kiln.it/\" target=\"_blank\">Kiln\u003c/a> (and featured on the Guardian), this interactive shows predicted temperature changes in your lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://ipcc.live.kiln.it/\" width=\"1000\" height=\"660\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>Climate change crisis guide\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>An extensive interactive guide on climate change, produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/crisis-guide-climate-change/p17088\" target=\"_blank\">Council on Foreign Relations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/crisis-guide-climate-change/p17088\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-14332 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL.jpg\" alt=\"CFL\" width=\"773\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL.jpg 773w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL-400x272.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL-768x523.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL-320x218.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 773px) 100vw, 773px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/3v-w8Cyfoq8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/3v-w8Cyfoq8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Climate map: the global culprits and victims\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.carbonmap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Carbon Map\u003c/a> was created by Duncan Clark and Robin Houston from the design firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.kiln.it/\" target=\"_blank\">KILN\u003c/a> as an entry in the World Bank’s \u003ca href=\"http://worldbank.org/appsforclimate\" target=\"_blank\">Apps for Climate competition\u003c/a>. Recently updated and featured on \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2014/sep/23/carbon-map-which-countries-are-responsible-for-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\">The Guardian's site\u003c/a>, the map resizes the world's geography so as to reflect the nations that are most responsible for climate change and those most vulnerable to its impacts. Click the PLAY button to see a demo. Listed below the map is a collection of additional interactive climate change resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.carbonmap.org/?header=hidden#\" width=\"1000\" height=\"660\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>NASA's Climate Time Machine\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>A series of visualizations showing how some of the world's key climate indicators like global temperature, sea ice and carbon levels have changed over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://climate.nasa.gov/interactives/climate_time_machine\" width=\"900\" height=\"800\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Carbon story\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://globalcarbonatlas.org/?q=outreach\" target=\"_blank\">Global Carbon Project\u003c/a>, this visualization shows the past, present and future of carbon production and its environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://globalcarbonatlas.org/?q=outreach\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-14331 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"carbon story - Copy\" width=\"1065\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy.jpg 1065w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy-400x214.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy-800x427.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy-768x410.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/carbon-story-Copy-320x171.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1065px) 100vw, 1065px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Flooding risks\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/24/upshot/flooding-risk-from-climate-change-country-by-country.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpSum&module=second-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">NY Times\u003c/a> interactive team put together a country by country map of flooding risks due to climate change, using data from an analysis conducted by \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Climate Central\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/24/upshot/flooding-risk-from-climate-change-country-by-country.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpSum&module=second-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-14336 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"Upshot - Copy\" width=\"814\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy.jpg 814w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy-400x294.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy-800x588.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy-768x564.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/Upshot-Copy-320x235.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 814px) 100vw, 814px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Climate Hot Map\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Union of Concerned Scientists\u003c/a>, this map tracks climate change-related impacts in locations around the world. Indicators include heat waves, sea-level rise, flooding, melting glaciers, earlier spring arrival, coral reef bleaching, and the spread of disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatehotmap.org/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-20326 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/ucs.jpg\" alt=\"ucs\" width=\"907\" height=\"681\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/ucs.jpg 907w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/ucs-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/11/ucs-800x601.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 907px) 100vw, 907px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How hot has it gotten in your lifetime (and how much hotter will it get)?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Also created by Duncan Clark from \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc.live.kiln.it/\" target=\"_blank\">Kiln\u003c/a> (and featured on the Guardian), this interactive shows predicted temperature changes in your lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://ipcc.live.kiln.it/\" width=\"1000\" height=\"660\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>Climate change crisis guide\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>An extensive interactive guide on climate change, produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/crisis-guide-climate-change/p17088\" target=\"_blank\">Council on Foreign Relations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/crisis-guide-climate-change/p17088\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-14332 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL.jpg\" alt=\"CFL\" width=\"773\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL.jpg 773w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL-400x272.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL-768x523.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/09/CFL-320x218.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 773px) 100vw, 773px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Long-Range Forecast: Less Snow for Skiers, Less Water for California",
"headTitle": "Long-Range Forecast: Less Snow for Skiers, Less Water for California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21952\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21952 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg\" alt=\"Madera, CA\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melting Sierra snow, which will be coming sooner and faster, according to a new report. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/jfdervin/\">Jonathan Fox\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/kitty-felde\">Kitty Felde\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attention skiers: climate change means fewer trips to Tahoe this century. That’s the word from a first-time study by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/index.cfm\">Department of the Interior\u003c/a>. Less snow also means additional challenges for storing water during drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the DOI’s Sacramento and San Joaquin Basins \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/WaterSMART/wcra/docs/ssjbia/ssjbia.pdf\">Climate Impact Assessment\u003c/a>, the average temperature in California’s Central Valley is predicted to rise by about 3 degrees Fahrenheit by mid-century and possibly more than 5 degrees by the end of the century. It may not sound like much, but it means more rain and less snow in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That snow provides more than recreation for skiers. It’s like a bank account for future water withdrawals. Deputy Interior Secretary \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/whoweare/depsec.cfm\">Michael Connor\u003c/a> says we’ve historically relied on the natural snowpack to melt slowly, providing steady runoff that would provide water for cities and farms into mid-to-late summer. Less snow means less water during California’s hotter, drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This study confirms that the current status quo for water supply in California is not sustainable.’\u003ccite>— Michael Connor, DOI\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This study confirms that the current status quo for water supply in California is not sustainable,” said Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge is how to capture the early rain. Connor says there are two options: construct more reservoirs or try to replenish groundwater (usually done by flooding low-lying areas and allowing the water to percolate into the ground). Environmentalists oppose new dams and the federal government doesn’t regulate withdrawals from aquifers. Neither did California until just recently. Last week Gov. Jerry Brown signed a package of bills that put the state on the road to coordinated management of groundwater — but it’s a long road. It \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/17/what-to-know-about-californias-new-groundwater-law/\">will take years to implement\u003c/a> the new system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer?pagename=FORStaff\">Ron Stork\u003c/a> of the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer\">Friends of the River,\u003c/a> says farmers in large parts of the San Joaquin Valley have been “\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/some-california-farmers-fallow-fields-others-sell-water-for-big-profits/\">mining groundwater\u003c/a> for years.” Ultimately, Stork says, it will mean a reduction in the number of farmed acres in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOI report predicts that it’s going to happen anyway:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The average annual agricultural demands are projected to decrease because of reduced irrigated acreage.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But it also projects higher water demands from a growing urban population. The overall precipitation outlook is mixed but overall, not good news:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, projections indicate a slight increase of a few percent in precipitation around the mid-century period. A slight decrease in precipitation was projected to occur in both the San Joaquin and Tulare Lake basins. In these basins, the reductions tend to increase throughout the 21st century from a few percent to nearly 10 percent in the southern parts of the Central Valley.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Scientists agree that the timing of that precipitation and the form in which it falls — rain v. snow — may matter more than the actual changes in volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines an additional challenge: rising sea levels of more than five feet will lead to saltwater intrusion into California’s main water source, the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Delta\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. Increased salinity and a rise in the temperature of river water also means a decline of habitat for fish and wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new federal report affirms what scientists have been saying for years: California's \"bank account\" of snow-melt water may be overdrawn within decades.",
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"description": "A new federal report affirms what scientists have been saying for years: California's "bank account" of snow-melt water may be overdrawn within decades.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21952\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21952 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Madera-CA-e1411603795284.jpg\" alt=\"Madera, CA\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melting Sierra snow, which will be coming sooner and faster, according to a new report. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/jfdervin/\">Jonathan Fox\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/kitty-felde\">Kitty Felde\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attention skiers: climate change means fewer trips to Tahoe this century. That’s the word from a first-time study by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/index.cfm\">Department of the Interior\u003c/a>. Less snow also means additional challenges for storing water during drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the DOI’s Sacramento and San Joaquin Basins \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/WaterSMART/wcra/docs/ssjbia/ssjbia.pdf\">Climate Impact Assessment\u003c/a>, the average temperature in California’s Central Valley is predicted to rise by about 3 degrees Fahrenheit by mid-century and possibly more than 5 degrees by the end of the century. It may not sound like much, but it means more rain and less snow in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That snow provides more than recreation for skiers. It’s like a bank account for future water withdrawals. Deputy Interior Secretary \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/whoweare/depsec.cfm\">Michael Connor\u003c/a> says we’ve historically relied on the natural snowpack to melt slowly, providing steady runoff that would provide water for cities and farms into mid-to-late summer. Less snow means less water during California’s hotter, drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This study confirms that the current status quo for water supply in California is not sustainable.’\u003ccite>— Michael Connor, DOI\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This study confirms that the current status quo for water supply in California is not sustainable,” said Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge is how to capture the early rain. Connor says there are two options: construct more reservoirs or try to replenish groundwater (usually done by flooding low-lying areas and allowing the water to percolate into the ground). Environmentalists oppose new dams and the federal government doesn’t regulate withdrawals from aquifers. Neither did California until just recently. Last week Gov. Jerry Brown signed a package of bills that put the state on the road to coordinated management of groundwater — but it’s a long road. It \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/17/what-to-know-about-californias-new-groundwater-law/\">will take years to implement\u003c/a> the new system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer?pagename=FORStaff\">Ron Stork\u003c/a> of the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer\">Friends of the River,\u003c/a> says farmers in large parts of the San Joaquin Valley have been “\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/some-california-farmers-fallow-fields-others-sell-water-for-big-profits/\">mining groundwater\u003c/a> for years.” Ultimately, Stork says, it will mean a reduction in the number of farmed acres in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOI report predicts that it’s going to happen anyway:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The average annual agricultural demands are projected to decrease because of reduced irrigated acreage.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But it also projects higher water demands from a growing urban population. The overall precipitation outlook is mixed but overall, not good news:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, projections indicate a slight increase of a few percent in precipitation around the mid-century period. A slight decrease in precipitation was projected to occur in both the San Joaquin and Tulare Lake basins. In these basins, the reductions tend to increase throughout the 21st century from a few percent to nearly 10 percent in the southern parts of the Central Valley.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Scientists agree that the timing of that precipitation and the form in which it falls — rain v. snow — may matter more than the actual changes in volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines an additional challenge: rising sea levels of more than five feet will lead to saltwater intrusion into California’s main water source, the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Delta\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. Increased salinity and a rise in the temperature of river water also means a decline of habitat for fish and wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Large Protests In Hundreds Of Cities Vent Ire Over Climate Change",
"headTitle": "Large Protests In Hundreds Of Cities Vent Ire Over Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21834\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Peoples-Climate-March-e1411330083958-1024x574.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-21834\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Peoples-Climate-March-e1411330083958-1024x574.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy People's Climate Watch\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy People’s Climate Watch\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/14562108/bill-chappell\">Bill Chappell\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/09/21/350320021/large-protests-in-hundreds-of-cities-vents-ire-at-climate-change\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Streets in New York City and other towns were taken over by marchers Sunday in what organizers called the largest climate change protest in history. The People’s Climate March was timed to draw the notice of world leaders gathering for this week’s U.N. Climate Summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, organizers estimated around 310,000 people joined the New York march alone. Protesters elsewhere also celebrated large turnouts. A Twitter feed at \u003ca href=\"http://peoplesclimate.org/\">the march’s website\u003c/a> showed crowds of demonstrators marching in Perth and Melbourne, in London and Dublin, and in Johannesburg and Tanzania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">As NPR’s Joel Rose reports from New York, the idea for the huge march started with professor and activist Bill McKibben, as a way to push for actions that limit greenhouse gas emissions. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said he’ll march with the protesters. \u003ca class=\"rssmi_more\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/20/143730/organizers_hope_un_climate_march_will_be_largest_in_history?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21834\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Peoples-Climate-March-e1411330083958-1024x574.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-21834\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Peoples-Climate-March-e1411330083958-1024x574.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy People's Climate Watch\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy People’s Climate Watch\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/14562108/bill-chappell\">Bill Chappell\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/09/21/350320021/large-protests-in-hundreds-of-cities-vents-ire-at-climate-change\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Streets in New York City and other towns were taken over by marchers Sunday in what organizers called the largest climate change protest in history. The People’s Climate March was timed to draw the notice of world leaders gathering for this week’s U.N. Climate Summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, organizers estimated around 310,000 people joined the New York march alone. Protesters elsewhere also celebrated large turnouts. A Twitter feed at \u003ca href=\"http://peoplesclimate.org/\">the march’s website\u003c/a> showed crowds of demonstrators marching in Perth and Melbourne, in London and Dublin, and in Johannesburg and Tanzania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">As NPR’s Joel Rose reports from New York, the idea for the huge march started with professor and activist Bill McKibben, as a way to push for actions that limit greenhouse gas emissions. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said he’ll march with the protesters. \u003ca class=\"rssmi_more\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/20/143730/organizers_hope_un_climate_march_will_be_largest_in_history?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Water is always a hot political topic in California, and this drought-plagued year is no exception. Proposition 1 on the November ballot would authorize $7.5 billion for what supporters say are critical water quality and infrastructure projects. We’ll discuss what’s in the bond and hear from opponents who claim that \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201409191000?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201409191000?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"California Proposition 1: Water Bond\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Forum – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Water is always a hot political topic in California, and this drought-plagued year is no exception. Proposition 1 on the November ballot would authorize $7.5 billion for what supporters say are critical water quality and infrastructure projects. We'll discuss what's in the bond and hear from opponents who claim that \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201409191000?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">...Read More\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Water is always a hot political topic in California, and this drought-plagued year is no exception. Proposition 1 on the November ballot would authorize $7.5 billion for what supporters say are critical water quality and infrastructure projects. We’ll discuss what’s in the bond and hear from opponents who claim that \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201409191000?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201409191000?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"California Proposition 1: Water Bond\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Forum – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why More Trees in the Sierra Mean Less Water for California",
"headTitle": "Why More Trees in the Sierra Mean Less Water for California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/09/20140915science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21584\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/River-runoff.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/River-runoff.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were, potentially reducing the amount of runoff that reaches California's reservoirs. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were, potentially reducing the amount of runoff that reaches California’s reservoirs. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoir levels dropping, just about everyone is wishing the state had gotten more water this year. That doesn’t just depend on the weather, according to a team of scientists. Sierra Nevada forests play a big role in the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like crops, trees consume water. And Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were after decades of fire suppression. That could be reducing the amount of runoff coming from the snowpack — runoff that provides water for most of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call the Sierra Nevada our water towers for California,” says Roger Bales, a hydrologist with UC Merced. “About 60 percent of our consumable water comes from the Sierra Nevada.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales is working in a pine forest about 20 miles west of Lake Tahoe, to understand the balance between and trees and runoff. His team has installed hundreds of sensors in the American River basin to record snow depth and soil moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The snowmelt really enters the soil,” he says, “and flows downslope to the nearest stream channel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, it joins major rivers and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/waterandpower/map.jsp\">goes into reservoirs\u003c/a> and canals that reach \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">all the way to cities and farms\u003c/a> in the Central Valley, Bay Area and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/bales-729x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/bales-729x1024.jpg\" alt=\"UC Merced's Roger Bales and Ziran Zhang work on a snow sensor tower in the Tahoe National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"340\" height=\"477\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Merced’s Roger Bales and Ziran Zhang work on a snow sensor tower in the Tahoe National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When trees use water through the process of evapotranspiration, it doesn’t run off into rivers and reservoirs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That water travels up the tree trunk and then goes out through the leaves to the atmosphere,” Bales says. And there are a lot more trees using water today than there once were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequent, low-intensity fires once cleared out small trees and maintained spaces in the forest. Decades of suppressing fires has allowed the forest to fill in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You go back about 100-to-150 years and the forest data show us there were maybe only half as many trees here,” Bales says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowpack is also less stable in a dense forest. The snow gets stuck in the trees’ branches before reaching the ground and evaporates faster because it’s more susceptible to sun and wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because these changes have happened over millions of acres of forest, Bales says it’s led researchers to a basic question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there were half as many trees, would there be more runoff?” he asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research points to yes, he says — potentially a lot more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it 20 percent, 30 percent or 40 percent?” Bales says. “We’re sort of in that range. But that’s a hypothesis. Our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that you could get anywhere from half a million to a million acre-feet additional water out of the Sierra Nevada.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million acre-feet of water is enough to supply two million households in California for a year — an amount that could make a big difference during a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Managing Overgrown Forests\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the water piece is really huge,” says Scott Stephens, professor of fire science at UC Berkeley. “I think it’s under-appreciated but it’s massive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens has found similar results in the Illilouette Creek basin in Yosemite National Park. About 40 fires have been allowed to burn there over several decades, reducing the number of trees per acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like there’s 20 percent more surface water leaving the streams in that area since the fire program began in the mid-1970s,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The widely spaced trees also make the forest more resistant to high-severity fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ebfC6eGZE6wvva0IQjLqdbheiT23eRrP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I call it a potential win-win,” Stephens says. “It’s a win from a fire standpoint to have more resilient forests and also maybe a win in terms of being able to provide a critical resource for California, which is water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But leaving naturally caused fires to burn over large areas of the Sierra Nevada is tricky, he says, especially near houses and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Letting fire work in those lands is risky,” Stephens says. “Sometimes it’s going to go as expected and once in a while it goes wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option is to allow timber companies to cut small trees, thinning the forest. It’s commonly done where roads already exist, but can be prohibitively expensive in remote areas and often faces environmental opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change could make the problem even worse. A \u003ca href=\"http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/sierra-nevada-freshwater-runoff-could-drop-26-percent-by-2100-uc-study-finds/\">recent study\u003c/a> from UC Irvine found California’s forests will be using even more water by the end of the century, because warming temperatures will make the growing season longer. Runoff could drop by as much as 26 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t act today, our grandkids’ grandkids are going to have so few options,” Stephens says. “It’s going to be warmer. It’s going to be more difficult to do this work and they’re going to be basically chasing their tails.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens says the good news is that California water districts are joining the conversation about how to manage forests. While it didn’t used to be on their radar, the connection between trees and our drinking water is becoming hard to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California water districts are eyeing a potential new source of water: trees. After a century of fire suppression, Sierra Nevada forests are more dense than ever before. And those pine trees are taking up a lot of water that might otherwise run off into California rivers. \r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21584\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/River-runoff.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/River-runoff.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were, potentially reducing the amount of runoff that reaches California's reservoirs. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were, potentially reducing the amount of runoff that reaches California’s reservoirs. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoir levels dropping, just about everyone is wishing the state had gotten more water this year. That doesn’t just depend on the weather, according to a team of scientists. Sierra Nevada forests play a big role in the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like crops, trees consume water. And Sierra Nevada forests are denser than they once were after decades of fire suppression. That could be reducing the amount of runoff coming from the snowpack — runoff that provides water for most of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call the Sierra Nevada our water towers for California,” says Roger Bales, a hydrologist with UC Merced. “About 60 percent of our consumable water comes from the Sierra Nevada.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales is working in a pine forest about 20 miles west of Lake Tahoe, to understand the balance between and trees and runoff. His team has installed hundreds of sensors in the American River basin to record snow depth and soil moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The snowmelt really enters the soil,” he says, “and flows downslope to the nearest stream channel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, it joins major rivers and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/waterandpower/map.jsp\">goes into reservoirs\u003c/a> and canals that reach \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">all the way to cities and farms\u003c/a> in the Central Valley, Bay Area and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/bales-729x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/bales-729x1024.jpg\" alt=\"UC Merced's Roger Bales and Ziran Zhang work on a snow sensor tower in the Tahoe National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"340\" height=\"477\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Merced’s Roger Bales and Ziran Zhang work on a snow sensor tower in the Tahoe National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When trees use water through the process of evapotranspiration, it doesn’t run off into rivers and reservoirs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That water travels up the tree trunk and then goes out through the leaves to the atmosphere,” Bales says. And there are a lot more trees using water today than there once were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequent, low-intensity fires once cleared out small trees and maintained spaces in the forest. Decades of suppressing fires has allowed the forest to fill in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You go back about 100-to-150 years and the forest data show us there were maybe only half as many trees here,” Bales says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowpack is also less stable in a dense forest. The snow gets stuck in the trees’ branches before reaching the ground and evaporates faster because it’s more susceptible to sun and wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because these changes have happened over millions of acres of forest, Bales says it’s led researchers to a basic question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there were half as many trees, would there be more runoff?” he asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research points to yes, he says — potentially a lot more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it 20 percent, 30 percent or 40 percent?” Bales says. “We’re sort of in that range. But that’s a hypothesis. Our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that you could get anywhere from half a million to a million acre-feet additional water out of the Sierra Nevada.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million acre-feet of water is enough to supply two million households in California for a year — an amount that could make a big difference during a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Managing Overgrown Forests\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the water piece is really huge,” says Scott Stephens, professor of fire science at UC Berkeley. “I think it’s under-appreciated but it’s massive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens has found similar results in the Illilouette Creek basin in Yosemite National Park. About 40 fires have been allowed to burn there over several decades, reducing the number of trees per acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like there’s 20 percent more surface water leaving the streams in that area since the fire program began in the mid-1970s,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The widely spaced trees also make the forest more resistant to high-severity fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I call it a potential win-win,” Stephens says. “It’s a win from a fire standpoint to have more resilient forests and also maybe a win in terms of being able to provide a critical resource for California, which is water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But leaving naturally caused fires to burn over large areas of the Sierra Nevada is tricky, he says, especially near houses and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Letting fire work in those lands is risky,” Stephens says. “Sometimes it’s going to go as expected and once in a while it goes wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option is to allow timber companies to cut small trees, thinning the forest. It’s commonly done where roads already exist, but can be prohibitively expensive in remote areas and often faces environmental opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change could make the problem even worse. A \u003ca href=\"http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/sierra-nevada-freshwater-runoff-could-drop-26-percent-by-2100-uc-study-finds/\">recent study\u003c/a> from UC Irvine found California’s forests will be using even more water by the end of the century, because warming temperatures will make the growing season longer. Runoff could drop by as much as 26 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t act today, our grandkids’ grandkids are going to have so few options,” Stephens says. “It’s going to be warmer. It’s going to be more difficult to do this work and they’re going to be basically chasing their tails.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens says the good news is that California water districts are joining the conversation about how to manage forests. While it didn’t used to be on their radar, the connection between trees and our drinking water is becoming hard to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Coastal Cleanup 2014: Taming Beach Trash",
"headTitle": "Coastal Cleanup 2014: Taming Beach Trash | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21552\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo9-768x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21552\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo9-768x1024.jpg\" alt='The Crab Cove Visitor Center staff and volunteers visited the \"Washed Ashore\" exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo.' width=\"480\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Crab Cove Visitor Center staff and volunteers visited the “Washed Ashore” exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo. The whale skeleton was made from plastic bottles and debris. (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walk along a beach, almost any beach in the world, and you’ll find evidence of our addiction to convenience: plastic in its many, varied forms litters our shorelines and circles endlessly in the deep sea in one of the \u003ca title=\"Five Gyres.org website\" href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_problem/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five “gyres” \u003c/a>driven by ocean currents. Depressing as this may be, people are taking action to stem the tide of this trash and you can, too! One way is to participate in the largest volunteer event on the planet on Saturday, September 20 in the annual Coastal Cleanup, a worldwide effort to spend the morning cleaning trash off our local beaches and waterways and collecting data about the trash for researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2013, over 58,000 volunteers removed almost 750,000 pounds of trash and recyclables from California’s beaches, lakes, and waterways,” notes the \u003ca title=\"California Coastal Commission website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/about.html%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal Commission’s \u003c/a>website. In fact, at last year’s cleanup, according to the \u003ca title=\"2014 Ocean Trash Index\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/international-coastal-cleanup/2014-ocean-trash-index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 Ocean Trash index\u003c/a>, 648,015 volunteers around the world (for perspective, San Francisco has over 800,000 residents) cleaned 12,914 miles of shorelines and waterways and made a dent in 2013 by collecting 12,329,332 pounds of global trash, equivalent in weight to 823 male African elephants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Top 10 Items included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 cigarette butts: 2,043,470\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 Plastic beverage bottles: 940,170\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 Plastic grocery bags: 441,493\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also collected 1,034,667 pieces of tiny, toxic plastic pieces and enough fishing line to go up and over Mount Everest five times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21549\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-1-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21549 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-1-216x162.jpg\" alt='These musical jellies were made from plastic trash collected off the beach, part of the \"Washed Ashore\" exhibit.' width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These musical jellies were made from plastic trash collected off the beach, part of the “Washed Ashore” exhibit. (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to live near the ocean to participate in the Coastal Cleanup. We all live in a watershed with waterways leading to the bay, ocean, a lake or other body of water. You can cleanup shoreline areas or streets and parks where you live to keep trash from entering natural areas and harming wildlife. Visit the \u003ca title=\"Coastal Cleanup website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/join.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coastal Cleanup website\u003c/a> to find a cleanup near you and register to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is also on the verge of passing a ban on single-use plastic bags, another way to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment. Governor Brown has until September 30 to sign the legislation into law. It’s a good thing, too, since the statistics on single-use plastic bags are sobering. According to an estimate by \u003ca title=\"Californians Against Waste website\" href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a> less than 5% of them are recycled each year and roughly 50% are reported as landfill. This leaves about 45% of them unaccounted for and likely trashing up our streets, waterways and oceans. With Californians estimated to use 10-12 billion plastic bags per year, that’s a lot of unnecessary plastic trash. Many California cities and municipalities already have enacted a “bag ban” – a list is available on the California Recycles website. San Francisco led the way with a 2007 ban on plastic bags. If the bill is signed into law, California will be the first state to outlaw single-use plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21550\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-2-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21550 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-2-216x162.jpg\" alt='Representing the Pacific Gyre, the suspended ceiling of plastic trash floats over the heads of viewers at \"Washed Ashore.\"' width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Representing the Pacific Gyre, the suspended ceiling of plastic trash floats over the heads of viewers at “Washed Ashore.” (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The importance of reducing plastic waste and cleaning up shorelines is on display at the “Washed Ashore” exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo. It closes on September 21, so you’ll have to hurry if you want to catch it. For the exhibit, volunteers in Oregon have collected over 11 tons of beach debris over the last four years to create these unique works of art, some with musical elements you can play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And check out this KQED article, “\u003ca title=\"Washed Ashore, KQED Arts\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2014/05/23/washed-ashore-proves-that-one-persons-beach-trash-is-anothers-art/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washed Ashore\u003c/a>”, from its opening at the zoo back in May. You might also enjoy a musical interlude with \u003ca title=\"Mr. Eco, environmental rapper website\" href=\"http://www.mreco.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mr. Eco\u003c/a>, an environmental rapper that posts videos encouraging people to pick up litter and use less plastic. So join forces with others on September 20 or just carry a litter pick-up bag with you on any walk around town or in the park. As this year’s Coastal Cleanup slogan says, “\u003ca title=\"Let's Make Trash Extinct, Coastal Commission website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/extinct.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Let’s make trash extinct!\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21552\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo9-768x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21552\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo9-768x1024.jpg\" alt='The Crab Cove Visitor Center staff and volunteers visited the \"Washed Ashore\" exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo.' width=\"480\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Crab Cove Visitor Center staff and volunteers visited the “Washed Ashore” exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo. The whale skeleton was made from plastic bottles and debris. (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walk along a beach, almost any beach in the world, and you’ll find evidence of our addiction to convenience: plastic in its many, varied forms litters our shorelines and circles endlessly in the deep sea in one of the \u003ca title=\"Five Gyres.org website\" href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_problem/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five “gyres” \u003c/a>driven by ocean currents. Depressing as this may be, people are taking action to stem the tide of this trash and you can, too! One way is to participate in the largest volunteer event on the planet on Saturday, September 20 in the annual Coastal Cleanup, a worldwide effort to spend the morning cleaning trash off our local beaches and waterways and collecting data about the trash for researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2013, over 58,000 volunteers removed almost 750,000 pounds of trash and recyclables from California’s beaches, lakes, and waterways,” notes the \u003ca title=\"California Coastal Commission website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/about.html%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal Commission’s \u003c/a>website. In fact, at last year’s cleanup, according to the \u003ca title=\"2014 Ocean Trash Index\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/international-coastal-cleanup/2014-ocean-trash-index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 Ocean Trash index\u003c/a>, 648,015 volunteers around the world (for perspective, San Francisco has over 800,000 residents) cleaned 12,914 miles of shorelines and waterways and made a dent in 2013 by collecting 12,329,332 pounds of global trash, equivalent in weight to 823 male African elephants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Top 10 Items included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 cigarette butts: 2,043,470\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 Plastic beverage bottles: 940,170\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 Plastic grocery bags: 441,493\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also collected 1,034,667 pieces of tiny, toxic plastic pieces and enough fishing line to go up and over Mount Everest five times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21549\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-1-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21549 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-1-216x162.jpg\" alt='These musical jellies were made from plastic trash collected off the beach, part of the \"Washed Ashore\" exhibit.' width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These musical jellies were made from plastic trash collected off the beach, part of the “Washed Ashore” exhibit. (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to live near the ocean to participate in the Coastal Cleanup. We all live in a watershed with waterways leading to the bay, ocean, a lake or other body of water. You can cleanup shoreline areas or streets and parks where you live to keep trash from entering natural areas and harming wildlife. Visit the \u003ca title=\"Coastal Cleanup website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/join.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coastal Cleanup website\u003c/a> to find a cleanup near you and register to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is also on the verge of passing a ban on single-use plastic bags, another way to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment. Governor Brown has until September 30 to sign the legislation into law. It’s a good thing, too, since the statistics on single-use plastic bags are sobering. According to an estimate by \u003ca title=\"Californians Against Waste website\" href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a> less than 5% of them are recycled each year and roughly 50% are reported as landfill. This leaves about 45% of them unaccounted for and likely trashing up our streets, waterways and oceans. With Californians estimated to use 10-12 billion plastic bags per year, that’s a lot of unnecessary plastic trash. Many California cities and municipalities already have enacted a “bag ban” – a list is available on the California Recycles website. San Francisco led the way with a 2007 ban on plastic bags. If the bill is signed into law, California will be the first state to outlaw single-use plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21550\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-2-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21550 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/photo-2-216x162.jpg\" alt='Representing the Pacific Gyre, the suspended ceiling of plastic trash floats over the heads of viewers at \"Washed Ashore.\"' width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Representing the Pacific Gyre, the suspended ceiling of plastic trash floats over the heads of viewers at “Washed Ashore.” (Sharol Nelson-Embry)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The importance of reducing plastic waste and cleaning up shorelines is on display at the “Washed Ashore” exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo. It closes on September 21, so you’ll have to hurry if you want to catch it. For the exhibit, volunteers in Oregon have collected over 11 tons of beach debris over the last four years to create these unique works of art, some with musical elements you can play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And check out this KQED article, “\u003ca title=\"Washed Ashore, KQED Arts\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2014/05/23/washed-ashore-proves-that-one-persons-beach-trash-is-anothers-art/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washed Ashore\u003c/a>”, from its opening at the zoo back in May. You might also enjoy a musical interlude with \u003ca title=\"Mr. Eco, environmental rapper website\" href=\"http://www.mreco.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mr. Eco\u003c/a>, an environmental rapper that posts videos encouraging people to pick up litter and use less plastic. So join forces with others on September 20 or just carry a litter pick-up bag with you on any walk around town or in the park. As this year’s Coastal Cleanup slogan says, “\u003ca title=\"Let's Make Trash Extinct, Coastal Commission website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/extinct.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Let’s make trash extinct!\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "U.S. Gets Middling Marks On 2014 'State Of Birds' Report Card",
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"content": "\u003cp>All is not well with the nation’s birds. The most comprehensive study ever of birds in America is out today, and it says many populations are in steep decline, even as others are doing well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, called “\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.stateofthebirds.org/extinctions/watchlist.pdf\">The State of the Birds\u003c/a>,” comes from the federal government, universities and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/10/142891/us_gets_middling_marks_on_2014_state_of_birds_report_card?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/10/142891/us_gets_middling_marks_on_2014_state_of_birds_report_card?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"U.S. Gets Middling Marks On 2014 'State Of Birds' Report Card\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">NPR Science – ingested into KQED\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>All is not well with the nation's birds. The most comprehensive study ever of birds in America is out today, and it says many populations are in steep decline, even as others are doing well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>The report, called \"\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.stateofthebirds.org/extinctions/watchlist.pdf\">The State of the Birds\u003c/a>,\" comes from the federal government, universities and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/10/142891/us_gets_middling_marks_on_2014_state_of_birds_report_card?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">...Read More\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cp>People in Maryland love their Baltimore orioles — so much so that their major league baseball team bears the name of the migrating bird. Yet, by 2080, there may not be any orioles left in Maryland. They migrate each year and, according to a new report, could soon be forced \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/09/142788/more_than_half_of_us_bird_species_threatened_by_climate_change?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/09/09/142788/more_than_half_of_us_bird_species_threatened_by_climate_change?source=npr&category=science\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"More Than Half Of U.S. Bird Species Threatened By Climate Change\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">NPR Science – ingested into KQED\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21461\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Next-10-water-allocation-game-e1410223541561.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21461 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Next-10-water-allocation-game-e1410223541561.jpg\" alt=\"Next 10 water allocation game\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED Science)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve watched your neighbor “watering her sidewalk” or wrung your hands at the sight of agricultural runoff, now is your chance to allocate the state’s water resources. A new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawaterchallenge.org/\">online game \u003c/a>lets California residents control the state’s water — virtually, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From desalination investment to mandatory water reductions, the California Water Challenge lets users choose a range of outcomes and see how others voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price tags are attached to decisions, which have varying effects on energy consumption and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choosing to build a new reservoir, for example, not only costs $236 million per year, but it can also harm local ecosystems and may result in the loss of property tax revenue to local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/California-water-game.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-21491\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/California-water-game-1024x697.jpg\" alt=\"California water game\" width=\"625\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>During the worst drought in the state’s recorded history, \u003ca href=\"http://www.next10.org/about\">Next 10\u003c/a>, the non-profit that created the game, believes making difficult decisions will help people understand the extent of the drought. Next 10 is backed by venture capitalist F. Noel Perry, who also serves on the leadership council for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=434\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local water agencies across the state are issuing alerts for conservation and some are even placing mandatory restrictions on water use,” said Perry in a pre-launch release. “This problem is not going away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game follows the lead of “you-fix-it” games like the New York Times’ popular \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/13/weekinreview/deficits-graphic.html\">Budget Puzzle\u003c/a>, which asked citizens to balance the federal budget in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These games often expose gaps in knowledge or reveal underlying assumptions about government spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a generation of millennials, they also speak a familiar language. “Games are fast becoming the defining metaphor of our time,” Peter T. Coleman, professor of psychology and education at Columbia University told \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-five-percent/201301/the-consequences-our-games\">Psychology Today\u003c/a>. “How we think about, see and engage our world is largely determined by the metaphors we use to make sense of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Californians, this game may be a way to talk about a potentially eye-glazing issue with no easy solution. The game’s developers hope that being at the reins, even for five minutes, might usher in a sense of urgency and understanding about a new reality setting in for California.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21461\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Next-10-water-allocation-game-e1410223541561.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21461 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Next-10-water-allocation-game-e1410223541561.jpg\" alt=\"Next 10 water allocation game\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED Science)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve watched your neighbor “watering her sidewalk” or wrung your hands at the sight of agricultural runoff, now is your chance to allocate the state’s water resources. A new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawaterchallenge.org/\">online game \u003c/a>lets California residents control the state’s water — virtually, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From desalination investment to mandatory water reductions, the California Water Challenge lets users choose a range of outcomes and see how others voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price tags are attached to decisions, which have varying effects on energy consumption and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choosing to build a new reservoir, for example, not only costs $236 million per year, but it can also harm local ecosystems and may result in the loss of property tax revenue to local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/California-water-game.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-21491\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/California-water-game-1024x697.jpg\" alt=\"California water game\" width=\"625\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>During the worst drought in the state’s recorded history, \u003ca href=\"http://www.next10.org/about\">Next 10\u003c/a>, the non-profit that created the game, believes making difficult decisions will help people understand the extent of the drought. Next 10 is backed by venture capitalist F. Noel Perry, who also serves on the leadership council for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=434\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local water agencies across the state are issuing alerts for conservation and some are even placing mandatory restrictions on water use,” said Perry in a pre-launch release. “This problem is not going away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game follows the lead of “you-fix-it” games like the New York Times’ popular \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/13/weekinreview/deficits-graphic.html\">Budget Puzzle\u003c/a>, which asked citizens to balance the federal budget in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These games often expose gaps in knowledge or reveal underlying assumptions about government spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a generation of millennials, they also speak a familiar language. “Games are fast becoming the defining metaphor of our time,” Peter T. Coleman, professor of psychology and education at Columbia University told \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-five-percent/201301/the-consequences-our-games\">Psychology Today\u003c/a>. “How we think about, see and engage our world is largely determined by the metaphors we use to make sense of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Californians, this game may be a way to talk about a potentially eye-glazing issue with no easy solution. The game’s developers hope that being at the reins, even for five minutes, might usher in a sense of urgency and understanding about a new reality setting in for California.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Aquaculture Companies Explore Sustainable Fish Farming",
"headTitle": "California Aquaculture Companies Explore Sustainable Fish Farming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21430\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the past 20 years, fish farm production worldwide has quadrupled. According to United Nations estimates, it’s on a pace to account for half of the world’s total fish catch by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the farm-produced seafood consumed in this country is imported, much of it from Asia, and that has raised concerns about environmental and public health regulation at overseas fish farms. Now some California aquaculture businesses are pitching environmentally friendly ways to bring more business here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest environmental protection laws for fish farming in the country. But so far, the state’s aquaculture industry is embryonic. It added up to just $175 million in total value last year, said Randy Lovell, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife aquaculture coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there.’\u003ccite>— Phil Cruver, Catalina Sea Ranch\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Catalina Sea Ranch spent more than two years convincing the California Coastal Commission that it can operate in a stretch of ocean about 6 miles offshore from Long Beach without hurting the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company president Phil Cruver says he’s ready to make good on his promises. At a recent press event, he displayed an array of buoy-mounted monitors that will transmit data from the farm site in real time, using an ocean-going cellular phone network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there,” he said. “We’re going to show on 100 acres, independent institutions, that offshore aquaculture is not detrimental to the environmental health of the oceans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the Sea Ranch monitors will be freely available to researchers, and regulators will track it to determine if operations there have caused environmental harm, Cruver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/166814178&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s well on the way to the $5 million he needs to fund the project, which will be located on the San Pedro shelf. There, cold, nutrient-rich water rises from the depths further out. In October, Cruver plans to set out 40 heavy ropes packed with baby mussels, suspended from buoys and anchored to the sea floor. Next June, he expects to harvest his first crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big concerns about fish farming is that farm stock might gobble food that the wild population needs or foul the water with waste. Cruver say his university research partners will monitor the waters around the Sea Ranch and he’ll take their direction to keep the ecosystem safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the company’s shore-based breeding tanks, Cruver hopes to grow his own food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll use technology developed by Los Angeles-based OriginOil. The company’s research director, Nick Eckelberry, brought an aquarium-sized tank of murky green water to the Sea Ranch press event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21435\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21435\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To show how his system works, Eckelberry flipped a switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, a ghostly cloud of tiny bubbles rose to the surface. The bubbles were oxygen and hydrogen gas, the remnants of water molecules broken up by the electric charge and carrying particles of algae with them as they surfaced. An automated comb swept the water, collecting a pea-soup paste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry says that paste makes good feed for baby mussels and other farmed seafood, too. Right now, fish farms rely on feed made from ground-up anchovies, sardines and mackerel, and that can deplete ocean ecosystems. Eckelberry says algae-based food is a good alternative, but making it has required energy-hungry centrifuges. Until now. He says his process makes algae-based food affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that you typically have a lot of water and a little bit of algae, and the question is, ‘How do you get the algae out affordably?’ Eckelberry said. “Almost serendipitously, that is what this system does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry said another alternate food based on soy costs more than times what he’ll have to charge for his algae-based fish chow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell, the state aquaculture coordinator, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has conducted broad research in alternative feeds in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21438\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"320\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Typically, fish farms have an additional problem: how to dispose of toxic bio waste. Twenty miles north of the Sea Ranch headquarters, another entrepreneur is working on a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rosenstein slides open a greenhouse door. There are lush plantings of bok choy, red Russian kale, basil, Bavarian lettuce, celery and more, all growing in water, like a conventional hydroponics operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a corner, there are two large tanks full of water. Rosenstein reaches into one with a net.\u003cbr>\n“I know. Hold on, guys,” he murmurs into the tank. There’s a little splash, then a flurry, with water flying in all directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hold on! One second, please!” Rosenstein pleads, but the struggle just gets fiercer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, dripping with water and panting slightly, Rosenstein holds up a 5-pound catfish in the net for a second. It thrashes free and plunges back into the depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein’s greenhouse uses aquaponics, which blends hydroponics and fish farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farmer would have to worry about disposing of fecal material. Not Rosenstein, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All his waste streams, which he currently pays top dollar to become EPA-compliant, is something I do naturally within the system,” Rosenstein said. “His dollar stops at the point where he harvests his fish. But mine continues. Because I’m doing this system, it’s not a cost. It’s part of the design of the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’\u003ccite>— Karen Ross, California Department of Food and Agriculture\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He composts the waste, turning it into fertilizer for his plants, which in turn helps to purify the water for the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell said he’s intrigued by such models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of attraction to it because of the closing of the cycle, the sharing of nutrients between fish and plants. It pushes a lot of buttons that make a lot of sense, myself included,” he said. “However, many of the people who are involved in aquaponics are making a fair amount of their money by training other people to do it. There aren’t very many commercial-scale aquaponics companies that are making their money on the production itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross said she sees a lot of promise in the approach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at these systems, a lot of them are recycling water, which is really one of the keys, is, ‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross said a growing sense of urgency over the depletion of wild fish stocks, coupled with the current drought, has state and federal agencies studying environmentally friendly aquaculture. And she knows of several investors who are preparing to launch more such projects.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Most of the farm-produced seafood consumed in this country is imported, much of it from Asia, and that has raised concerns about environmental and public health regulation at overseas fish farms. Now some California aquaculture businesses are pitching environmentally friendly ways to bring more business here.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21430\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the past 20 years, fish farm production worldwide has quadrupled. According to United Nations estimates, it’s on a pace to account for half of the world’s total fish catch by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the farm-produced seafood consumed in this country is imported, much of it from Asia, and that has raised concerns about environmental and public health regulation at overseas fish farms. Now some California aquaculture businesses are pitching environmentally friendly ways to bring more business here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest environmental protection laws for fish farming in the country. But so far, the state’s aquaculture industry is embryonic. It added up to just $175 million in total value last year, said Randy Lovell, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife aquaculture coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there.’\u003ccite>— Phil Cruver, Catalina Sea Ranch\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Catalina Sea Ranch spent more than two years convincing the California Coastal Commission that it can operate in a stretch of ocean about 6 miles offshore from Long Beach without hurting the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company president Phil Cruver says he’s ready to make good on his promises. At a recent press event, he displayed an array of buoy-mounted monitors that will transmit data from the farm site in real time, using an ocean-going cellular phone network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there,” he said. “We’re going to show on 100 acres, independent institutions, that offshore aquaculture is not detrimental to the environmental health of the oceans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the Sea Ranch monitors will be freely available to researchers, and regulators will track it to determine if operations there have caused environmental harm, Cruver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/166814178&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s well on the way to the $5 million he needs to fund the project, which will be located on the San Pedro shelf. There, cold, nutrient-rich water rises from the depths further out. In October, Cruver plans to set out 40 heavy ropes packed with baby mussels, suspended from buoys and anchored to the sea floor. Next June, he expects to harvest his first crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big concerns about fish farming is that farm stock might gobble food that the wild population needs or foul the water with waste. Cruver say his university research partners will monitor the waters around the Sea Ranch and he’ll take their direction to keep the ecosystem safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the company’s shore-based breeding tanks, Cruver hopes to grow his own food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll use technology developed by Los Angeles-based OriginOil. The company’s research director, Nick Eckelberry, brought an aquarium-sized tank of murky green water to the Sea Ranch press event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21435\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21435\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To show how his system works, Eckelberry flipped a switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, a ghostly cloud of tiny bubbles rose to the surface. The bubbles were oxygen and hydrogen gas, the remnants of water molecules broken up by the electric charge and carrying particles of algae with them as they surfaced. An automated comb swept the water, collecting a pea-soup paste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry says that paste makes good feed for baby mussels and other farmed seafood, too. Right now, fish farms rely on feed made from ground-up anchovies, sardines and mackerel, and that can deplete ocean ecosystems. Eckelberry says algae-based food is a good alternative, but making it has required energy-hungry centrifuges. Until now. He says his process makes algae-based food affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that you typically have a lot of water and a little bit of algae, and the question is, ‘How do you get the algae out affordably?’ Eckelberry said. “Almost serendipitously, that is what this system does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry said another alternate food based on soy costs more than times what he’ll have to charge for his algae-based fish chow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell, the state aquaculture coordinator, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has conducted broad research in alternative feeds in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21438\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"320\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Typically, fish farms have an additional problem: how to dispose of toxic bio waste. Twenty miles north of the Sea Ranch headquarters, another entrepreneur is working on a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rosenstein slides open a greenhouse door. There are lush plantings of bok choy, red Russian kale, basil, Bavarian lettuce, celery and more, all growing in water, like a conventional hydroponics operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a corner, there are two large tanks full of water. Rosenstein reaches into one with a net.\u003cbr>\n“I know. Hold on, guys,” he murmurs into the tank. There’s a little splash, then a flurry, with water flying in all directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hold on! One second, please!” Rosenstein pleads, but the struggle just gets fiercer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, dripping with water and panting slightly, Rosenstein holds up a 5-pound catfish in the net for a second. It thrashes free and plunges back into the depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein’s greenhouse uses aquaponics, which blends hydroponics and fish farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farmer would have to worry about disposing of fecal material. Not Rosenstein, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All his waste streams, which he currently pays top dollar to become EPA-compliant, is something I do naturally within the system,” Rosenstein said. “His dollar stops at the point where he harvests his fish. But mine continues. Because I’m doing this system, it’s not a cost. It’s part of the design of the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’\u003ccite>— Karen Ross, California Department of Food and Agriculture\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He composts the waste, turning it into fertilizer for his plants, which in turn helps to purify the water for the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell said he’s intrigued by such models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of attraction to it because of the closing of the cycle, the sharing of nutrients between fish and plants. It pushes a lot of buttons that make a lot of sense, myself included,” he said. “However, many of the people who are involved in aquaponics are making a fair amount of their money by training other people to do it. There aren’t very many commercial-scale aquaponics companies that are making their money on the production itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross said she sees a lot of promise in the approach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at these systems, a lot of them are recycling water, which is really one of the keys, is, ‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross said a growing sense of urgency over the depletion of wild fish stocks, coupled with the current drought, has state and federal agencies studying environmentally friendly aquaculture. And she knows of several investors who are preparing to launch more such projects.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>A smoke plume from the Meadow Fire in Yosemite National Park prompted helicopter evacuations of about 100 hikers near iconic Half Dome. (Yosemite National Park via Twitter)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A wildfire burning for weeks in the Yosemite National Park backcountry grew unexpectedly on Sunday, forcing the helicopter evacuation of about 100 park \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Yosemite Fire Flares Up, Forces Helicopter Evacuations\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cp>A smoke plume from the Meadow Fire in Yosemite National Park prompted helicopter evacuations of about 100 hikers near iconic Half Dome. (Yosemite National Park via Twitter)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A wildfire burning for weeks in the Yosemite National Park backcountry grew unexpectedly on Sunday, forcing the helicopter evacuation of about 100 park \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">...Read More\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>A smoke plume from the Meadow Fire in Yosemite National Park prompted helicopter evacuations of about 100 hikers near iconic Half Dome. (Yosemite National Park via Twitter)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A wildfire burning for weeks in the Yosemite National Park backcountry grew unexpectedly on Sunday, forcing the helicopter evacuation of about 100 park \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/08/yosemite-national-park-fire-half-dome-helicopter-evacuations\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Yosemite Fire Flares Up, Forces Helicopter Evacuations\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thousands of people Wednesday were forced to flee a rapidly spreading wildfire approaching the California town of Mariposa near Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a day after Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a> a state of emergency for Mariposa County, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1672\" target=\"_blank\">Detwiler Fire\u003c/a> had nearly doubled in size, covering roughly 46,000 acres and threatening scores of homes and other structures. [Update: By Thursday morning, the fire had spread to 70,000 acres and was only 10 percent contained, according to Cal Fire.] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze is among nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=df8bcc10430f48878b01c96e907a1fc3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">40 large active fires\u003c/a> burning across 12 western states as of Wednesday, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>. More than 4 million acres have burned since the start of 2017, the site reports, compared to 2.7 million acres in the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why do wildfires seem to be getting more ferocious each year? Warmer conditions, drought and other impacts of climate change are major contributors, but there's more to the story. Comic journalist Andy Warner explains the fiery history of how we got here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"3726\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30698\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-160x962.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-240x1442.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-375x2254.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-520x3125.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Source links\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00345.1\">http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00345.1\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL059576/abstract\">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL059576/abstract\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/07/060710084004.htm\">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/07/060710084004.htm\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thousands of people Wednesday were forced to flee a rapidly spreading wildfire approaching the California town of Mariposa near Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a day after Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a> a state of emergency for Mariposa County, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1672\" target=\"_blank\">Detwiler Fire\u003c/a> had nearly doubled in size, covering roughly 46,000 acres and threatening scores of homes and other structures. [Update: By Thursday morning, the fire had spread to 70,000 acres and was only 10 percent contained, according to Cal Fire.] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze is among nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=df8bcc10430f48878b01c96e907a1fc3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">40 large active fires\u003c/a> burning across 12 western states as of Wednesday, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>. More than 4 million acres have burned since the start of 2017, the site reports, compared to 2.7 million acres in the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why do wildfires seem to be getting more ferocious each year? Warmer conditions, drought and other impacts of climate change are major contributors, but there's more to the story. Comic journalist Andy Warner explains the fiery history of how we got here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"3726\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30698\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-160x962.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-240x1442.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-375x2254.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/07/Wildfires_full-520x3125.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Source links\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00345.1\">http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00345.1\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
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