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"content": "\u003cp>Forecasters are increasingly, cautiously optimistic about relief coming to ease California’s drought, thanks to the strengthening of the \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html\">El Niño weather pattern\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an 85 percent chance of a strong El Niño sticking around through next spring, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html\">according to forecasters\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>. Its strength should peak in the late fall and early winter, just the right time to deliver soaking storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘California cannot count on potential El Niño conditions to halt or reverse drought conditions.’\u003ccite> Michael Anderson, state climatologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/081315b.pdf\">California officials pushed back on Thursday\u003c/a>, warning that the strong forecast won’t guarantee the rainfall the state desperately needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California cannot count on potential El Niño conditions to halt or reverse drought conditions,” said state climatologist Michael Anderson in a statement. “Historical weather data shows us that at best, there is a 50/50 chance of having a wetter winter. Unfortunately, due to shifting climate patterns, we cannot even be that sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California saw extreme rainfall and flooding when conditions were similar in winter 1997-8. But look back to the previous seven strong El Niño events since 1950 and three actually produced dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some forecasters also point to the ridge of high pressure that has dominated recent winters and pushed incoming storms away from Northern California. It could be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/09/possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs/\">a potential spoiler\u003c/a> for the rain an El Niño could bring.\u003cbr>\n[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XO8gXGCWjQQ&w=640&h=385]\u003cbr>\nWarmer temperatures this winter could also mean the precipitation would fall as rain, instead of snow. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is California’s “frozen reservoir,” normally producing a third of the state’s water supply as it melts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not saying I don’t want an El Niño, I just don’t want folks to think we don’t have to conserve because El Niño will save us,” said \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/23/a-candid-conversation-with-californias-water-czar/\">Felicia Marcus\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>. She says El Niño hype risks derailing the conservation efforts underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board is in the midst of enforcing mandatory water conservation standards, up to 36 percent, for water districts around the state. In June, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/30/whos-saving-water-in-california-and-who-isnt/\">about a third of districts failed\u003c/a> to meet those standards and could face fines from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also say the state would have to get about double its normal precipitation to make up the rain and snow deficit built up during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Forecasters are increasingly, cautiously optimistic about relief coming to ease California’s drought, thanks to the strengthening of the \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html\">El Niño weather pattern\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an 85 percent chance of a strong El Niño sticking around through next spring, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html\">according to forecasters\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>. Its strength should peak in the late fall and early winter, just the right time to deliver soaking storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘California cannot count on potential El Niño conditions to halt or reverse drought conditions.’\u003ccite> Michael Anderson, state climatologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/081315b.pdf\">California officials pushed back on Thursday\u003c/a>, warning that the strong forecast won’t guarantee the rainfall the state desperately needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California cannot count on potential El Niño conditions to halt or reverse drought conditions,” said state climatologist Michael Anderson in a statement. “Historical weather data shows us that at best, there is a 50/50 chance of having a wetter winter. Unfortunately, due to shifting climate patterns, we cannot even be that sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California saw extreme rainfall and flooding when conditions were similar in winter 1997-8. But look back to the previous seven strong El Niño events since 1950 and three actually produced dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some forecasters also point to the ridge of high pressure that has dominated recent winters and pushed incoming storms away from Northern California. It could be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/09/possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs/\">a potential spoiler\u003c/a> for the rain an El Niño could bring.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XO8gXGCWjQQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XO8gXGCWjQQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nWarmer temperatures this winter could also mean the precipitation would fall as rain, instead of snow. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is California’s “frozen reservoir,” normally producing a third of the state’s water supply as it melts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not saying I don’t want an El Niño, I just don’t want folks to think we don’t have to conserve because El Niño will save us,” said \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/23/a-candid-conversation-with-californias-water-czar/\">Felicia Marcus\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>. She says El Niño hype risks derailing the conservation efforts underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board is in the midst of enforcing mandatory water conservation standards, up to 36 percent, for water districts around the state. In June, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/30/whos-saving-water-in-california-and-who-isnt/\">about a third of districts failed\u003c/a> to meet those standards and could face fines from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also say the state would have to get about double its normal precipitation to make up the rain and snow deficit built up during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>So spectacular is this space debris -- often no larger than a grain of sand -- meeting its final and brilliant end after a 5-billion-year journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early Thursday morning, many in the Bay Area turned their eyes to the sky to take in the annual Perseid meteor display. Though some reported cloudy conditions, some local stargazers enjoyed a good view, and others across the globe captured stunning images for all to enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out these images from the Perseid meteor shower from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10641893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10641893\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-800x501.jpg\" alt=\"A meteor cast over the San Francisco Bay Area sky from Harbor Point, Mill Valley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-800x501.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-1440x902.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-1180x739.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-960x601.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A meteor cast over the San Francisco Bay Area sky from Harbor Point, Mill Valley. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Agnes Pyrchla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"storify\" style=\"width: 100%\">[\u003ca href=\"//storify.com/kqednews/perseid-meteor-shower-2015\" target=\"_blank\">View the story \"Perseid Meteor Shower 2015\" on Storify\u003c/a>]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>So spectacular is this space debris -- often no larger than a grain of sand -- meeting its final and brilliant end after a 5-billion-year journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early Thursday morning, many in the Bay Area turned their eyes to the sky to take in the annual Perseid meteor display. Though some reported cloudy conditions, some local stargazers enjoyed a good view, and others across the globe captured stunning images for all to enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out these images from the Perseid meteor shower from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10641893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10641893\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-800x501.jpg\" alt=\"A meteor cast over the San Francisco Bay Area sky from Harbor Point, Mill Valley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-800x501.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-1440x902.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-1180x739.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/MeteorShowerShot-copy-960x601.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A meteor cast over the San Francisco Bay Area sky from Harbor Point, Mill Valley. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Agnes Pyrchla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"storify\" style=\"width: 100%\">[\u003ca href=\"//storify.com/kqednews/perseid-meteor-shower-2015\" target=\"_blank\">View the story \"Perseid Meteor Shower 2015\" on Storify\u003c/a>]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How the Songbird Learns to Sing",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like the best opera divas, songbirds must train their voices from an early age. But instead of studying for years at a conservatory, the birds’ brains are hardwired to experiment with complicated musical passages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, scientists from UCSF have honed in on the precise brain pathways that songbirds use to learn and tune their highly specialized vocalizations. Their \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.4078.html\">results\u003c/a>, published recently in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/index.html\">Nature Neuroscience\u003c/a>, may have implications for understanding how our own brains learn new vocal tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baby zebra finches don’t make a peep for their first 30 days. Instead, they listen to adults around them and develop a mental model of what a song should sound like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That template tells them what they’re practicing to get to,” says Hamish Mehaffey, a postdoctoral researcher at UCSF and lead author of the study. “It’s like how the syllables we’re exposed to when we’re young shape our ability to learn new languages later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young finches then spend the next few months experimenting with trial-and-error to perfect their own songs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to a finch song:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n[audio mp3=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Song.mp3\"][/audio]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a new song is better [than the previous song], then they keep whatever neural activity they used to make that song,” explains Mehaffey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists already knew that certain parts of the brain were involved in learning new songs, but until now, nobody knew exactly how these pathways were wired in the brain or how the new, experimental songs were generated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Musical Brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers needed a way to measure activity of different brain structures and how these structures interact to produce song. So, they started with brain slices from zebra finches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By isolating certain regions of the brain, they could stimulate the pathways involved in song production and then record the activity of cells that are involved in actually making the song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists could also identify the neurotransmitters and chemicals that activated or blocked each pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the slices, the researchers discovered that the birds’ creativity-generator involves a structure analogous to the human basal ganglia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This dense cluster of cells at the base of the brain stem is basically the same in all kinds of vertebrate animals, from lampreys to humans. It’s involved in almost everything we do, from thoughts and emotions to motor activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s difficult to study something like that because it could literally be involved in anything,” says Mehaffey. “But using finch song, we’ve been able to learn a lot about how the basal ganglia works normally and how it helps us learn new things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_182998\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1685px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-182998\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o.jpg\" alt=\"Zebra Finches are native to Australia but have become excellent lab models for scientists to study the neuroscience of song learning.\" width=\"1685\" height=\"1266\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o.jpg 1685w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-400x301.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-1440x1082.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-1180x887.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-960x721.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zebra Finches are native to Australia but have become excellent lab models for scientists to study the neuroscience of song learning. \u003ccite>(Phil McIver/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Bird Brain to Human Learning\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists were also able to show that the same chemicals that blocked the creativity generators in the brain slices also prevented live birds from modifying their songs as adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That gives us confidence that what they found in the slice is actually what’s at work in the intact bird,” says Franz Goller, a biology professor at the University of Utah, who also studies the neurobiology of finch song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goller says that the brain pathways involved in finch learning are probably similar in other animals, so the findings might ultimately help us understand how we and other animals learn new vocal tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s quite a bit of evidence that, at least in terms of core circuitry, learned vocal behavior in humans also has these multi-path systems,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could easily imagine that this is a highly dedicated pathway for vocal behavior, and it might be used in all kinds of motor skill learning.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"datePublished": "2015-08-12T09:49:23-07:00",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like the best opera divas, songbirds must train their voices from an early age. But instead of studying for years at a conservatory, the birds’ brains are hardwired to experiment with complicated musical passages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, scientists from UCSF have honed in on the precise brain pathways that songbirds use to learn and tune their highly specialized vocalizations. Their \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.4078.html\">results\u003c/a>, published recently in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/index.html\">Nature Neuroscience\u003c/a>, may have implications for understanding how our own brains learn new vocal tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baby zebra finches don’t make a peep for their first 30 days. Instead, they listen to adults around them and develop a mental model of what a song should sound like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That template tells them what they’re practicing to get to,” says Hamish Mehaffey, a postdoctoral researcher at UCSF and lead author of the study. “It’s like how the syllables we’re exposed to when we’re young shape our ability to learn new languages later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young finches then spend the next few months experimenting with trial-and-error to perfect their own songs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to a finch song:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a new song is better [than the previous song], then they keep whatever neural activity they used to make that song,” explains Mehaffey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists already knew that certain parts of the brain were involved in learning new songs, but until now, nobody knew exactly how these pathways were wired in the brain or how the new, experimental songs were generated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Musical Brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers needed a way to measure activity of different brain structures and how these structures interact to produce song. So, they started with brain slices from zebra finches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By isolating certain regions of the brain, they could stimulate the pathways involved in song production and then record the activity of cells that are involved in actually making the song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists could also identify the neurotransmitters and chemicals that activated or blocked each pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the slices, the researchers discovered that the birds’ creativity-generator involves a structure analogous to the human basal ganglia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This dense cluster of cells at the base of the brain stem is basically the same in all kinds of vertebrate animals, from lampreys to humans. It’s involved in almost everything we do, from thoughts and emotions to motor activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s difficult to study something like that because it could literally be involved in anything,” says Mehaffey. “But using finch song, we’ve been able to learn a lot about how the basal ganglia works normally and how it helps us learn new things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_182998\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1685px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-182998\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o.jpg\" alt=\"Zebra Finches are native to Australia but have become excellent lab models for scientists to study the neuroscience of song learning.\" width=\"1685\" height=\"1266\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o.jpg 1685w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-400x301.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-1440x1082.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-1180x887.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/19497700484_9e9e1c3e67_o-960x721.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zebra Finches are native to Australia but have become excellent lab models for scientists to study the neuroscience of song learning. \u003ccite>(Phil McIver/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Bird Brain to Human Learning\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists were also able to show that the same chemicals that blocked the creativity generators in the brain slices also prevented live birds from modifying their songs as adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That gives us confidence that what they found in the slice is actually what’s at work in the intact bird,” says Franz Goller, a biology professor at the University of Utah, who also studies the neurobiology of finch song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goller says that the brain pathways involved in finch learning are probably similar in other animals, so the findings might ultimately help us understand how we and other animals learn new vocal tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s quite a bit of evidence that, at least in terms of core circuitry, learned vocal behavior in humans also has these multi-path systems,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could easily imagine that this is a highly dedicated pathway for vocal behavior, and it might be used in all kinds of motor skill learning.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fearing Fire, Mountain Residents Try Desperately to Get Rid of Dead Trees",
"title": "Fearing Fire, Mountain Residents Try Desperately to Get Rid of Dead Trees",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Logger Hudson Fisk is on the ground looking up at a dead Ponderosa pine he and his team are about to fell. At the top, a climber cuts off the last of the limbs with a chainsaw. He ties a rope or tagline around the trunk, descends the tree by a third, and saws a notch. Then he starts cutting off the first section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218277846\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisk and three other men pull on the other end of the tagline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep cutting!” someone yells to the climber. “Keep cutting until it falls off that tree!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of seconds, the first section of the tree is down. Boom!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson Fisk’s Tree and Excavating Service is under a lot of pressure these days. A deadly mix of drought and beetle infestation has killed millions of Ponderosa pines in the southern Sierra Nevada. And mountain residents are practically begging for Fisk’s help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We work as fast as we can, but it’s overwhelming right now,” Fisk says. He’s getting 10 to 15 calls daily from homeowners in the foothills anxious to get rid of \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/blogs/forestrymgmt/index.cfm\">dead trees \u003c/a>like the one he just felled for Gerd Stoecker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614231\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10614231\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-400x552.jpg\" alt=\"A climber cuts off all the dead branches before the dead Ponderosa pine is felled.\" width=\"400\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-400x552.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-800x1104.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-1440x1987.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-1400x1931.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-1180x1628.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-960x1324.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A climber cuts off all the dead branches before the dead Ponderosa pine is felled. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stoecker's land has \"suffered a pretty major infestation of pine beetles,” Fisk says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoecker agrees. “It’s depressing,” he says. “The trees make up the property. That’s why we bought it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoecker owns about 40 acres, and in the next few days he’ll have 11 dead trees removed near his house. It’s costing him plenty and he’s not even making money on the wood because sawmills are flooded with fire salvage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says many homeowners can’t afford to have their trees removed and are just crossing their fingers that nothing bad happens. “Hopefully nothing falls on the house or the roof or somebody gets hurts,” Stoecker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or there’s a wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These go up like torches, you know, if there would be a fire,” he adds. “You’re removing fuel, basically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the trees are dead, they burn violently, especially if the fire gets up in the canopy, says Fisk, who is also a firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"P4iI9ipxa8puixibd3dtbj36u9KEYcfz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it gets hot again like it was a few weeks ago, it could be a catastrophic year,” he adds. “It could really turn bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s why Len Nielson, a unit forester for MMU Cal Fire, has spent countless days advising homeowners on tree removal. On this Friday, it’s his day off but he’s still taking the time to drop off forestry permits to Lee Hohweiler, who needs them to have logs removed from his 25-acre property. He has already felled 24 dead trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I’m gonna give you these,” says Nielson, handing him the permits. The key to removing wood, he adds, is hiring a licensed timber operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fisk could do these, right?” asks Hohweiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Correct,” Nielson says. “He absolutely turns these in to me. I have probably ten of these right now on my desk from Hudson.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielson says Mariposa County alone has lost 30 to 40 percent of its Ponderosa pines. That number will likely double by next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So let’s look at some of your trees,” Nielson says. “Some of these trees are already showing signs of mortality that are still green.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs of mortality come from bark beetles that have drilled into the tree and girdled it. In a non-drought year, the trees would be more resilient. Nielson points to a glob of sap on the tree. It’s the size of a fingertip and it’s called a pitch pocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614233\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10614233\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"Cal Fire Forester Len Nielson points to a pitch pocket on a dying Ponderosa pine. \" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-1400x1867.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Fire Forester Len Nielson points to a pitch pocket on a dying Ponderosa pine. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The bug drills into the tree,” Nielson says. “The tree actually produces a little extra sap and pitch, and captures that bug and pushes it back out the hole that it made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the drought has stressed the trees enough that they can’t fight off the epidemic numbers of bark beetles. In just one year, one mating pair of beetles can reproduce 12 million offspring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How come I’ve never seen any of the beetles?” Hohweiler asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because the beetles are about the size of a grain of rice,” Nielson says. He pops some of the bark off the tree in hopes of finding one. “These beetles have already left the building,” he says, when he doesn’t see any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where did they go?” asks Hohweiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re airborne and they’ve gone to the tree next door.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to the tree after that, and the tree after that, says Nielson. In fact, there’s really nothing that can stop an outbreak like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielson points to some track marks or egg galleries on a huge tree trunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like someone took a bowl of spaghetti and threw it on the tree and peeled it off and left those marks,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just wildfires that homeowners need to worry about, says Nielson. These trees will also suffer wind breakage from big storms and fall on roads and trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Remember a few years ago when we had that big freak snowstorm?” he asks Hohweiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah! I’d stand out here and listen to the trees breaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly” says Nielson. “And those were green healthy trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hohweiler says he’s removing the trees because he wants to be a good steward of the land. But watching the pines die is breaking his heart. “It’s pretty emotional,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the trees he felled were 150 years old. Hohweiler knows new ones will grow, but he’s 67 -- and it takes a long time for a tree to get big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m never gonna see them again,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hohweiler turns to Nielson’s 16-year-old daughter, who’s been accompanying her father today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perhaps,\" he says, \"you’ll see them.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Logger Hudson Fisk is on the ground looking up at a dead Ponderosa pine he and his team are about to fell. At the top, a climber cuts off the last of the limbs with a chainsaw. He ties a rope or tagline around the trunk, descends the tree by a third, and saws a notch. Then he starts cutting off the first section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218277846&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218277846'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisk and three other men pull on the other end of the tagline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep cutting!” someone yells to the climber. “Keep cutting until it falls off that tree!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of seconds, the first section of the tree is down. Boom!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson Fisk’s Tree and Excavating Service is under a lot of pressure these days. A deadly mix of drought and beetle infestation has killed millions of Ponderosa pines in the southern Sierra Nevada. And mountain residents are practically begging for Fisk’s help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We work as fast as we can, but it’s overwhelming right now,” Fisk says. He’s getting 10 to 15 calls daily from homeowners in the foothills anxious to get rid of \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/blogs/forestrymgmt/index.cfm\">dead trees \u003c/a>like the one he just felled for Gerd Stoecker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614231\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10614231\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-400x552.jpg\" alt=\"A climber cuts off all the dead branches before the dead Ponderosa pine is felled.\" width=\"400\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-400x552.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-800x1104.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-1440x1987.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-1400x1931.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-1180x1628.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree-960x1324.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/climber-in-tree.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A climber cuts off all the dead branches before the dead Ponderosa pine is felled. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stoecker's land has \"suffered a pretty major infestation of pine beetles,” Fisk says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoecker agrees. “It’s depressing,” he says. “The trees make up the property. That’s why we bought it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoecker owns about 40 acres, and in the next few days he’ll have 11 dead trees removed near his house. It’s costing him plenty and he’s not even making money on the wood because sawmills are flooded with fire salvage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says many homeowners can’t afford to have their trees removed and are just crossing their fingers that nothing bad happens. “Hopefully nothing falls on the house or the roof or somebody gets hurts,” Stoecker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or there’s a wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These go up like torches, you know, if there would be a fire,” he adds. “You’re removing fuel, basically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the trees are dead, they burn violently, especially if the fire gets up in the canopy, says Fisk, who is also a firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it gets hot again like it was a few weeks ago, it could be a catastrophic year,” he adds. “It could really turn bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s why Len Nielson, a unit forester for MMU Cal Fire, has spent countless days advising homeowners on tree removal. On this Friday, it’s his day off but he’s still taking the time to drop off forestry permits to Lee Hohweiler, who needs them to have logs removed from his 25-acre property. He has already felled 24 dead trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I’m gonna give you these,” says Nielson, handing him the permits. The key to removing wood, he adds, is hiring a licensed timber operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fisk could do these, right?” asks Hohweiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Correct,” Nielson says. “He absolutely turns these in to me. I have probably ten of these right now on my desk from Hudson.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielson says Mariposa County alone has lost 30 to 40 percent of its Ponderosa pines. That number will likely double by next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So let’s look at some of your trees,” Nielson says. “Some of these trees are already showing signs of mortality that are still green.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs of mortality come from bark beetles that have drilled into the tree and girdled it. In a non-drought year, the trees would be more resilient. Nielson points to a glob of sap on the tree. It’s the size of a fingertip and it’s called a pitch pocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614233\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10614233\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"Cal Fire Forester Len Nielson points to a pitch pocket on a dying Ponderosa pine. \" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-1400x1867.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/pitch-pocket-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Fire Forester Len Nielson points to a pitch pocket on a dying Ponderosa pine. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The bug drills into the tree,” Nielson says. “The tree actually produces a little extra sap and pitch, and captures that bug and pushes it back out the hole that it made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the drought has stressed the trees enough that they can’t fight off the epidemic numbers of bark beetles. In just one year, one mating pair of beetles can reproduce 12 million offspring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How come I’ve never seen any of the beetles?” Hohweiler asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because the beetles are about the size of a grain of rice,” Nielson says. He pops some of the bark off the tree in hopes of finding one. “These beetles have already left the building,” he says, when he doesn’t see any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where did they go?” asks Hohweiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re airborne and they’ve gone to the tree next door.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to the tree after that, and the tree after that, says Nielson. In fact, there’s really nothing that can stop an outbreak like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielson points to some track marks or egg galleries on a huge tree trunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like someone took a bowl of spaghetti and threw it on the tree and peeled it off and left those marks,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just wildfires that homeowners need to worry about, says Nielson. These trees will also suffer wind breakage from big storms and fall on roads and trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Remember a few years ago when we had that big freak snowstorm?” he asks Hohweiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah! I’d stand out here and listen to the trees breaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly” says Nielson. “And those were green healthy trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hohweiler says he’s removing the trees because he wants to be a good steward of the land. But watching the pines die is breaking his heart. “It’s pretty emotional,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the trees he felled were 150 years old. Hohweiler knows new ones will grow, but he’s 67 -- and it takes a long time for a tree to get big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m never gonna see them again,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hohweiler turns to Nielson’s 16-year-old daughter, who’s been accompanying her father today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perhaps,\" he says, \"you’ll see them.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Lightning Strikes Bay Area 1,000 Times Overnight, Firefighters on Lookout",
"title": "Lightning Strikes Bay Area 1,000 Times Overnight, Firefighters on Lookout",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update noon Friday, Aug. 7:\u003c/strong> The National Weather Service reports nearly 1,000 lightning strikes zapped the greater Bay Area overnight in a fairly uncommon dry thunderstorm system that generated a wildfire warning for a large swath of Central and Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of the strikes hit the Southern Bay Area between 8 p.m. Thursday and midnight, NWS San Francisco/Monterey Bay Area Forecaster Steve Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10634034\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 455px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-10634034\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map.png\" alt=\"A California fire weather map on Aug. 7, 2015.\" width=\"455\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map.png 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-400x396.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California fire weather map on Aug. 7, 2015. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A red flag, or fire weather warning, remains in effect for the Sierra Nevada foothills and northeastern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lightning sparked five small fires in Monterey County, Cal Fire spokesman Daniel Berlant said Friday morning. Firefighters were able to contain them overnight, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire still reports 22 active wildfires throughout the state. Firefighters slightly advanced containment overnight of the Rocky Fire -- the state's largest fire burning in Lake County, about 100 miles north of San Francisco. The blaze is more than twice the area of San Francisco, and is now 45 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the lightning threat is currently moving out of California and into Nevada, Cal Fire warns wildfires it may have sparked may be lying in wait. Firefighters are on the lookout for smoldering embers potentially sparked by the thousands of strikes in areas beyond the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the past 24 hours there have been several thousand lightning strikes, especially across the Sierra and Central Coast,\" Cal Fire \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/communications/communications_statewidefiresummary.php\" target=\"_blank\">reports\u003c/a>. \"Lightning sparks may smolder for several hours or days before they get enough heat and energy to spread into a wildfire. This means the risk for wildfires continues even after the storms have passed.\"\u003cbr>\nhttps://twitter.com/KTVU/status/629626036829880320\u003cbr>\n\"We are still on high alert,\" Berlant said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post Thursday, Aug. 6:\u003c/strong> The National Weather Service is \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\">warning\u003c/a> storms carrying the potential for lightning strikes but very little rain will hit large swaths of California Thursday afternoon, compounding the state's wildfire stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A red flag warning of \"weather events that may result in extreme fire behavior\" issued by NWS covers the entire San Francisco Bay Area and a huge swath of Central and Northern California, as well as a southeastern chunk of the state. A slightly less serious fire weather watch is also in effect for northeastern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10632934\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10632934\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all.png\" alt=\"A California fire weather map on Aug. 6, 2015.\" width=\"500\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all.png 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-400x396.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California fire weather map on Aug. 6, 2015. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"During these times extreme caution is urged by all residents, because a simple spark can cause a major wildfire,\" according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/communications/communications_firesafety_redflagwarning.php\" target=\"_blank\">Cal Fire\u003c/a>. \"The type of weather patterns that can cause a watch or warning include low relative humidity, strong winds, dry fuels, the possibility of dry lightning strikes, or any combination of the above.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather could signal a reversal in progress thousands of firefighters have made in recent days containing the Rocky Fire currently burning about 100 miles north of San Francisco. Cal Fire reports the fire has burned nearly 70,000 acres southeast of Clearlake and is currently 40 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire reports 22 active fires throughout the state. More than 165,000 acres are burning, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/nfn.htm\" target=\"_blank\">National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zp8nK_5H0MFQ.kzTmU5XK-qJQ&hl=en\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters predict the thunderstorm threat will diminish by Friday morning. The red flag warning is in effect until 11 a.m. Friday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Cal Fire contained five small fires Thursday night and Friday morning, warns more may be smoldering.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update noon Friday, Aug. 7:\u003c/strong> The National Weather Service reports nearly 1,000 lightning strikes zapped the greater Bay Area overnight in a fairly uncommon dry thunderstorm system that generated a wildfire warning for a large swath of Central and Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of the strikes hit the Southern Bay Area between 8 p.m. Thursday and midnight, NWS San Francisco/Monterey Bay Area Forecaster Steve Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10634034\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 455px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-10634034\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map.png\" alt=\"A California fire weather map on Aug. 7, 2015.\" width=\"455\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map.png 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-400x396.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/Updated-red-flag-map-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California fire weather map on Aug. 7, 2015. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A red flag, or fire weather warning, remains in effect for the Sierra Nevada foothills and northeastern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lightning sparked five small fires in Monterey County, Cal Fire spokesman Daniel Berlant said Friday morning. Firefighters were able to contain them overnight, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire still reports 22 active wildfires throughout the state. Firefighters slightly advanced containment overnight of the Rocky Fire -- the state's largest fire burning in Lake County, about 100 miles north of San Francisco. The blaze is more than twice the area of San Francisco, and is now 45 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the lightning threat is currently moving out of California and into Nevada, Cal Fire warns wildfires it may have sparked may be lying in wait. Firefighters are on the lookout for smoldering embers potentially sparked by the thousands of strikes in areas beyond the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the past 24 hours there have been several thousand lightning strikes, especially across the Sierra and Central Coast,\" Cal Fire \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/communications/communications_statewidefiresummary.php\" target=\"_blank\">reports\u003c/a>. \"Lightning sparks may smolder for several hours or days before they get enough heat and energy to spread into a wildfire. This means the risk for wildfires continues even after the storms have passed.\"\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\"We are still on high alert,\" Berlant said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post Thursday, Aug. 6:\u003c/strong> The National Weather Service is \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\">warning\u003c/a> storms carrying the potential for lightning strikes but very little rain will hit large swaths of California Thursday afternoon, compounding the state's wildfire stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A red flag warning of \"weather events that may result in extreme fire behavior\" issued by NWS covers the entire San Francisco Bay Area and a huge swath of Central and Northern California, as well as a southeastern chunk of the state. A slightly less serious fire weather watch is also in effect for northeastern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10632934\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10632934\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all.png\" alt=\"A California fire weather map on Aug. 6, 2015.\" width=\"500\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all.png 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-400x396.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/cafw_map_all-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California fire weather map on Aug. 6, 2015. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"During these times extreme caution is urged by all residents, because a simple spark can cause a major wildfire,\" according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/communications/communications_firesafety_redflagwarning.php\" target=\"_blank\">Cal Fire\u003c/a>. \"The type of weather patterns that can cause a watch or warning include low relative humidity, strong winds, dry fuels, the possibility of dry lightning strikes, or any combination of the above.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather could signal a reversal in progress thousands of firefighters have made in recent days containing the Rocky Fire currently burning about 100 miles north of San Francisco. Cal Fire reports the fire has burned nearly 70,000 acres southeast of Clearlake and is currently 40 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire reports 22 active fires throughout the state. More than 165,000 acres are burning, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/nfn.htm\" target=\"_blank\">National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zp8nK_5H0MFQ.kzTmU5XK-qJQ&hl=en\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters predict the thunderstorm threat will diminish by Friday morning. The red flag warning is in effect until 11 a.m. Friday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 2015, Steven Horowitz was watching one of the summer’s big blockbuster action flicks, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/05/23/us/ap-us-film-san-andreas-the-facts.html?_r=0\">\u003cem>San Andreas\u003c/em>.\u003c/a> In the movie, the San Andreas fault shifts, triggering a magnitude 9.6 earthquake in San Francisco. Disaster ensues — and for the rest of the movie we watch as all of the West Coast’s greatest landmarks are destroyed one by one in an epic, computer-generated spectacle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-full wp-image-10628783\">“I was sitting there watching the giant tsunami course through the Golden Gate and into the bay,” he says. “I looked at that and thought: Wouldn’t there be some kind of dissipation coming through the Golden Gate?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He asked Bay Curious:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If a tsunami were to hit the Golden Gate, what would be its real effect on communities facing the San Francisco Bay?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It’s all about our faults\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite the terrifying image of a 250-foot wave about to wash over the Golden Gate Bridge, tsunamis do not actually pose a considerable threat to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all has to do with the kinds of geologic faults that we have (and don’t have).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsunamis are caused when one tectonic plate slides underneath another — a process called \u003ca href=\"http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_subduction.html\">subduction\u003c/a>. This slow movement is happening all the time, but sometimes a plate will get stuck and pressure starts to build. When it finally lets go, there’s an underwater earthquake that can move the seafloor up and down, sending a wave to the surface of the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the San Andreas Fault is different. It’s called a slip-strike fault because the two plates slide past each other horizontally. Of course, whenever plates move, the ground shakes. But here, there is no subduction and little displaced ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning no killer tsunamis. Even San Francisco’s infamous 1906 earthquake generated only a 4-inch wave at the Presidio gauge station.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Small waves still pack a punch\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although they aren’t generated here, tsunamis do occasionally hit our shores. Since 1854, more than 71 tsunamis have been recorded in San Francisco Bay. Most were generated by earthquakes in subduction zones near Russia, Japan or Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Geist, a geophysicist at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, says that size is the most important factor in evaluating risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can look at anything, from huge waves to micro-tsunamis, that you’d never see with your eyes but our instruments can detect,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst tsunami to hit the Bay Area was triggered in 1964 by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake in Alaska, Geist says, that killed 11 people in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2005/11/17/5007860/california-town-still-scarred-by-1964-tsunami\">Crescent City.\u003c/a> That wave rolled in at just under 4 feet and damaged marinas and private boats in Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infamous 2011 tsunami that devastated parts of Japan also \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/17/the-san-francisco-impact-of-the-japan-tsunami/\">arrived in the East Bay\u003c/a> 10 hours later at just over a foot in height, and caused millions of dollars of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Tsunami-causes-millions-in-damage-in-California-2389661.php\">damage in Crescent City\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10628784\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10628784\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b.jpg\" alt=\"The 2011 Japanese tsunami, photographed as it arrived in Emeryville\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b-960x539.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2011 Japanese tsunami, photographed as it arrived in Emeryville. See \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdMDCLwblkY\">video of the tsunami\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(Steven Winter/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Cascadia subduction zone, which runs roughly from Mendocino County to Vancouver Island, could also produce a massive earthquake and tsunami. But Geist says it’s unclear how a tsunami from “\u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/07/20/the-really-big-one\">The Really Big One\u003c/a>” would affect the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oregon, Washington and California north of Eureka would really bear the brunt of that tsunami,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>But what if a big one arrived?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although it’s unlikely, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmc.ucsc.edu/~seisweb/steve_ward/\">Steven Ward\u003c/a>, a professor of earth and planetary sciences at UC Santa Cruz, has created \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/ingomar200\">a series of animations\u003c/a> to show how a big tsunami might spread through San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ward’s simulations, the incoming wave stands just over 16 feet tall. This is much larger than historical tsunamis, but Geist agrees that a wave this size is theoretically possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/bP_AIWgknfI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approaching the Golden Gate at 55 mph, the wave would first hit the outlying areas of Point Reyes National Seashore and Montara. It would then start to flood low-lying areas like Half Moon Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like splash and dash,” explains Ward. “When the water comes in, it’s going to flood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would feel like a 12-hour tidal cycle was packed into an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it will do as much damage when it goes back out and drags along cars and debris,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10630229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10630229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"A 30-foot-high Tsunami would barely reach the top of the pylon on the Golden Gate Bridge.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 30-foot-high tsunami would barely reach the top of the pylon on the Golden Gate Bridge. \u003ccite>(Salim Virji/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/salim/402618628\" target=\"_blank\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The original wave and splashbacks from shore would then start to pile up as they squeeze through the 1-mile-wide Golden Gate. In Ward’s simulations, the wave reaches a maximum height of about 30 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s barely to the top the pylon,” says Ward, who is confident that the bridge would have no trouble withstanding the wave energy. “It probably wouldn’t even touch the steel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the wave would fan out into San Francisco Bay. Parts of Crissy Field, Mission Bay and the Marina could see significant flooding, but by the time it reached Treasure Island or the East Bay, the wave would be less than 3 feet tall. It would probably not even make it to the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps#County\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inundation maps for coastal counties\u003c/a> are a great resource for understanding how high ocean waters could rise near you. Here’s San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10628785\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10628785 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Red regions of San Francisco may be vulnerable to inundation by a tsunami.\" width=\"850\" height=\"813\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped.jpg 850w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped-400x383.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped-800x765.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red regions may be vulnerable to inundation by a tsunami. \u003ccite>(Cal EMA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Verdict: The Bay Area is relatively safe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Steven Horowitz, who asked \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> the question, was glad to hear that the tsunami would be nothing like the movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the time it gets to Berkeley, which is where I’m sitting right now, I think I’m pretty safe,” he says. “Sounds like it’s not going to come rushing up University Avenue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents can also rest assured that there have been no recorded deaths from tsunami-related events in San Francisco. And even a worst-case-scenario Cascadia tsunami would take several hours to reach the city, providing ample time to mobilize a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just in case, the City and County of San Francisco has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfdem.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/DEM/PlansReports/TsunamiAnnex-2008.pdf\">tsunami plan (PDF)\u003c/a> in place. It includes a strategy for evacuating people from \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/SanFrancisco/Documents/Tsunami_Inundation_SF_Overview_SanFrancisco.pdf\">vulnerable areas (PDF)\u003c/a> like Ocean Beach, coordinating basic services (like shelter, water, food, and medical attention) and performing search and rescue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, “if you get a warning and are in a tsunami zone, follow the evacuation instructions,” says Ward. “What do you have to lose, a couple hours of your time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2015, Steven Horowitz was watching one of the summer’s big blockbuster action flicks, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/05/23/us/ap-us-film-san-andreas-the-facts.html?_r=0\">\u003cem>San Andreas\u003c/em>.\u003c/a> In the movie, the San Andreas fault shifts, triggering a magnitude 9.6 earthquake in San Francisco. Disaster ensues — and for the rest of the movie we watch as all of the West Coast’s greatest landmarks are destroyed one by one in an epic, computer-generated spectacle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-full wp-image-10628783\">“I was sitting there watching the giant tsunami course through the Golden Gate and into the bay,” he says. “I looked at that and thought: Wouldn’t there be some kind of dissipation coming through the Golden Gate?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He asked Bay Curious:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If a tsunami were to hit the Golden Gate, what would be its real effect on communities facing the San Francisco Bay?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It’s all about our faults\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite the terrifying image of a 250-foot wave about to wash over the Golden Gate Bridge, tsunamis do not actually pose a considerable threat to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all has to do with the kinds of geologic faults that we have (and don’t have).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsunamis are caused when one tectonic plate slides underneath another — a process called \u003ca href=\"http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_subduction.html\">subduction\u003c/a>. This slow movement is happening all the time, but sometimes a plate will get stuck and pressure starts to build. When it finally lets go, there’s an underwater earthquake that can move the seafloor up and down, sending a wave to the surface of the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the San Andreas Fault is different. It’s called a slip-strike fault because the two plates slide past each other horizontally. Of course, whenever plates move, the ground shakes. But here, there is no subduction and little displaced ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning no killer tsunamis. Even San Francisco’s infamous 1906 earthquake generated only a 4-inch wave at the Presidio gauge station.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Small waves still pack a punch\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although they aren’t generated here, tsunamis do occasionally hit our shores. Since 1854, more than 71 tsunamis have been recorded in San Francisco Bay. Most were generated by earthquakes in subduction zones near Russia, Japan or Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Geist, a geophysicist at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, says that size is the most important factor in evaluating risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can look at anything, from huge waves to micro-tsunamis, that you’d never see with your eyes but our instruments can detect,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst tsunami to hit the Bay Area was triggered in 1964 by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake in Alaska, Geist says, that killed 11 people in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2005/11/17/5007860/california-town-still-scarred-by-1964-tsunami\">Crescent City.\u003c/a> That wave rolled in at just under 4 feet and damaged marinas and private boats in Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infamous 2011 tsunami that devastated parts of Japan also \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/17/the-san-francisco-impact-of-the-japan-tsunami/\">arrived in the East Bay\u003c/a> 10 hours later at just over a foot in height, and caused millions of dollars of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Tsunami-causes-millions-in-damage-in-California-2389661.php\">damage in Crescent City\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10628784\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10628784\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b.jpg\" alt=\"The 2011 Japanese tsunami, photographed as it arrived in Emeryville\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/5517993750_0ece81abd3_b-960x539.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2011 Japanese tsunami, photographed as it arrived in Emeryville. See \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdMDCLwblkY\">video of the tsunami\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(Steven Winter/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Cascadia subduction zone, which runs roughly from Mendocino County to Vancouver Island, could also produce a massive earthquake and tsunami. But Geist says it’s unclear how a tsunami from “\u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/07/20/the-really-big-one\">The Really Big One\u003c/a>” would affect the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oregon, Washington and California north of Eureka would really bear the brunt of that tsunami,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>But what if a big one arrived?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although it’s unlikely, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmc.ucsc.edu/~seisweb/steve_ward/\">Steven Ward\u003c/a>, a professor of earth and planetary sciences at UC Santa Cruz, has created \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/ingomar200\">a series of animations\u003c/a> to show how a big tsunami might spread through San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ward’s simulations, the incoming wave stands just over 16 feet tall. This is much larger than historical tsunamis, but Geist agrees that a wave this size is theoretically possible.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/bP_AIWgknfI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/bP_AIWgknfI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Approaching the Golden Gate at 55 mph, the wave would first hit the outlying areas of Point Reyes National Seashore and Montara. It would then start to flood low-lying areas like Half Moon Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like splash and dash,” explains Ward. “When the water comes in, it’s going to flood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would feel like a 12-hour tidal cycle was packed into an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it will do as much damage when it goes back out and drags along cars and debris,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10630229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10630229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"A 30-foot-high Tsunami would barely reach the top of the pylon on the Golden Gate Bridge.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS2674_goldengatebridge_20070115.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 30-foot-high tsunami would barely reach the top of the pylon on the Golden Gate Bridge. \u003ccite>(Salim Virji/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/salim/402618628\" target=\"_blank\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The original wave and splashbacks from shore would then start to pile up as they squeeze through the 1-mile-wide Golden Gate. In Ward’s simulations, the wave reaches a maximum height of about 30 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s barely to the top the pylon,” says Ward, who is confident that the bridge would have no trouble withstanding the wave energy. “It probably wouldn’t even touch the steel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the wave would fan out into San Francisco Bay. Parts of Crissy Field, Mission Bay and the Marina could see significant flooding, but by the time it reached Treasure Island or the East Bay, the wave would be less than 3 feet tall. It would probably not even make it to the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps#County\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inundation maps for coastal counties\u003c/a> are a great resource for understanding how high ocean waters could rise near you. Here’s San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10628785\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10628785 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Red regions of San Francisco may be vulnerable to inundation by a tsunami.\" width=\"850\" height=\"813\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped.jpg 850w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped-400x383.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped-800x765.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/sf-cropped-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red regions may be vulnerable to inundation by a tsunami. \u003ccite>(Cal EMA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Verdict: The Bay Area is relatively safe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Steven Horowitz, who asked \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> the question, was glad to hear that the tsunami would be nothing like the movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the time it gets to Berkeley, which is where I’m sitting right now, I think I’m pretty safe,” he says. “Sounds like it’s not going to come rushing up University Avenue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents can also rest assured that there have been no recorded deaths from tsunami-related events in San Francisco. And even a worst-case-scenario Cascadia tsunami would take several hours to reach the city, providing ample time to mobilize a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just in case, the City and County of San Francisco has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfdem.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/DEM/PlansReports/TsunamiAnnex-2008.pdf\">tsunami plan (PDF)\u003c/a> in place. It includes a strategy for evacuating people from \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/SanFrancisco/Documents/Tsunami_Inundation_SF_Overview_SanFrancisco.pdf\">vulnerable areas (PDF)\u003c/a> like Ocean Beach, coordinating basic services (like shelter, water, food, and medical attention) and performing search and rescue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, “if you get a warning and are in a tsunami zone, follow the evacuation instructions,” says Ward. “What do you have to lose, a couple hours of your time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Killer Fungus Could ‘Devour’ California’s Salamanders",
"headTitle": "Killer Fungus Could ‘Devour’ California’s Salamanders | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>If salamanders could worry, they would already have a long list of woes, including losing their homes to deforestation, or becoming an avian snack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a newly discovered pathogen could easily trump anything on that list. It’s a fungus whose scientific name, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://amphibiaweb.org:8000/chytrid/Bsal.html\">Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, literally means “salamander-devouring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the fungus, which scientists call Bsal, has only been found in Europe and Asia. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aab1052\">a study\u003c/a> published last week in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/\">Science\u003c/a> suggests that the international pet trade will most likely spread it to North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very new pathogen, so we don’t know much about it,” says Tiffany Yap, a graduate student at UCLA who led the study in collaboration with amphibian experts from San Francisco State University and UC Berkeley. “What we do know is that it could be incredibly devastating to the salamanders here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, the United States imports hundreds of thousands of salamanders as pets. And the vast majority of these animals could potentially be carrying Bsal. The scientists warn that an immediate ban on salamander trade is necessary to prevent the fungus from spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until we can tell that salamanders coming in from other places are free of Bsal, it seems like a logical and important step to prevent them from entering,” says Yap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong class=\"size-full wp-image-154064\">Something Wicked This Way Comes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new disease is closely related to the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/23/captive-breeding-program-may-ensure-survival-for-african-frogs/\">chytrid fungus\u003c/a> that has already driven more than 200 species of frogs to extinction. But instead of frogs, Bsal seems to prefer \u003ca href=\"http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/salamander-newt\">salamanders and newts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an animal gets infected, the fungus invades its skin and starts eroding the cells away. And if salamanders lose skin, they’re toast. That’s because they take in water, salts and oxygen through their skin. In fact, half of salamander species \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/indiana/journeywithnature/lungless-salamanders.xml\">don’t even have lungs\u003c/a> – they breathe through their skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_154062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-154062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR.jpg\" alt=\"The red-bellied newt, common along the coast in northern California, migrates from upland areas to breed in streams in the spring. It is one of hundreds of species of salamanders endemic to North America threatened by an emerging infectious pathogen.\" width=\"3300\" height=\"2200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR.jpg 3300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3300px) 100vw, 3300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red-bellied newt, common along the coast in northern California, migrates from upland areas to breed in streams in the spring. It is one of hundreds of species of salamanders endemic to North America threatened by a fast-spreading pathogen. \u003ccite>(Emanuele Biggi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An outbreak of Bsal could be especially dangerous in North America because this is where over half of the world’s salamander species live, including almost all of the lungless species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-full wp-image-154062\">But Yap wanted to see just how dangerous the pathogen might be here. So she mapped out where salamanders live and where the climate would be suitable for Bsal to transmit itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found that salamanders in southern Appalachia, the Pacific Northwest, and the Sierra Nevada will be especially vulnerable to Bsal. And alarmingly, more than 98 percent of potentially infected salamanders enter the country through five ports that are in or near these vulnerable regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A World Without Salamanders?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If salamanders have a low public profile, it may be because they’re hard to spot in the wild. “It’s really easy to think that they don’t do anything because a lot of times you don’t even know they’re around,” says Yap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many ecosystems in North America rely on salamanders to keep insect populations in check. They’re also an important food for birds and mammals. Yap says that losing salamanders could cripple the food chain in some places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_154064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1974px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-154064\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163.png\" alt=\"The eastern spotted newt has the most expansive range of any salamander in eastern North America, but its range could contract significantly if there was a Bsal outbreak.\" width=\"1974\" height=\"1234\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163.png 1974w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-400x250.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-800x500.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-1440x900.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-1920x1200.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-1180x738.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-960x600.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1974px) 100vw, 1974px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The eastern spotted newt has the most expansive range of any salamander in eastern North America, but its range could contract significantly from a Bsal outbreak. \u003ccite>(Todd Pierson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is absolutely a real threat,” says Brian Todd, an amphibian expert at UC Davis who was not involved with the research. “With any pathogen like this, it only takes one animal getting out to have potentially catastrophic consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Todd is optimistic that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service could enact an immediate ban on salamander imports and that would help stop the spread of Bsal. “We already have policies and institutions in place here in the U.S. that we just have to activate or put to use to try to avert this problem,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks it’s going to be more challenging to regulate salamander trade on a global scale. “It’s unclear who has the mandate at the global level to deal with these issues,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Yap says that people can help stop the spread of the fungus by not buying Asian salamanders, which are the most likely to be infected. She cautions \u003ca href=\"http://www.amphibians.org/salamanderheros/\">current salamander owners \u003c/a>to not release pets into the wild. She also recommends proper disposal of wastewater and testing animals for the fungus.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If salamanders could worry, they would already have a long list of woes, including losing their homes to deforestation, or becoming an avian snack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a newly discovered pathogen could easily trump anything on that list. It’s a fungus whose scientific name, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://amphibiaweb.org:8000/chytrid/Bsal.html\">Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, literally means “salamander-devouring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the fungus, which scientists call Bsal, has only been found in Europe and Asia. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aab1052\">a study\u003c/a> published last week in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/\">Science\u003c/a> suggests that the international pet trade will most likely spread it to North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very new pathogen, so we don’t know much about it,” says Tiffany Yap, a graduate student at UCLA who led the study in collaboration with amphibian experts from San Francisco State University and UC Berkeley. “What we do know is that it could be incredibly devastating to the salamanders here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, the United States imports hundreds of thousands of salamanders as pets. And the vast majority of these animals could potentially be carrying Bsal. The scientists warn that an immediate ban on salamander trade is necessary to prevent the fungus from spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until we can tell that salamanders coming in from other places are free of Bsal, it seems like a logical and important step to prevent them from entering,” says Yap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong class=\"size-full wp-image-154064\">Something Wicked This Way Comes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new disease is closely related to the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/23/captive-breeding-program-may-ensure-survival-for-african-frogs/\">chytrid fungus\u003c/a> that has already driven more than 200 species of frogs to extinction. But instead of frogs, Bsal seems to prefer \u003ca href=\"http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/salamander-newt\">salamanders and newts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an animal gets infected, the fungus invades its skin and starts eroding the cells away. And if salamanders lose skin, they’re toast. That’s because they take in water, salts and oxygen through their skin. In fact, half of salamander species \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/indiana/journeywithnature/lungless-salamanders.xml\">don’t even have lungs\u003c/a> – they breathe through their skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_154062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-154062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR.jpg\" alt=\"The red-bellied newt, common along the coast in northern California, migrates from upland areas to breed in streams in the spring. It is one of hundreds of species of salamanders endemic to North America threatened by an emerging infectious pathogen.\" width=\"3300\" height=\"2200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR.jpg 3300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/yap3HR-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3300px) 100vw, 3300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red-bellied newt, common along the coast in northern California, migrates from upland areas to breed in streams in the spring. It is one of hundreds of species of salamanders endemic to North America threatened by a fast-spreading pathogen. \u003ccite>(Emanuele Biggi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An outbreak of Bsal could be especially dangerous in North America because this is where over half of the world’s salamander species live, including almost all of the lungless species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"size-full wp-image-154062\">But Yap wanted to see just how dangerous the pathogen might be here. So she mapped out where salamanders live and where the climate would be suitable for Bsal to transmit itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found that salamanders in southern Appalachia, the Pacific Northwest, and the Sierra Nevada will be especially vulnerable to Bsal. And alarmingly, more than 98 percent of potentially infected salamanders enter the country through five ports that are in or near these vulnerable regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A World Without Salamanders?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If salamanders have a low public profile, it may be because they’re hard to spot in the wild. “It’s really easy to think that they don’t do anything because a lot of times you don’t even know they’re around,” says Yap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many ecosystems in North America rely on salamanders to keep insect populations in check. They’re also an important food for birds and mammals. Yap says that losing salamanders could cripple the food chain in some places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_154064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1974px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-154064\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163.png\" alt=\"The eastern spotted newt has the most expansive range of any salamander in eastern North America, but its range could contract significantly if there was a Bsal outbreak.\" width=\"1974\" height=\"1234\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163.png 1974w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-400x250.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-800x500.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-1440x900.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-1920x1200.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-1180x738.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/96163-960x600.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1974px) 100vw, 1974px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The eastern spotted newt has the most expansive range of any salamander in eastern North America, but its range could contract significantly from a Bsal outbreak. \u003ccite>(Todd Pierson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is absolutely a real threat,” says Brian Todd, an amphibian expert at UC Davis who was not involved with the research. “With any pathogen like this, it only takes one animal getting out to have potentially catastrophic consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Todd is optimistic that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service could enact an immediate ban on salamander imports and that would help stop the spread of Bsal. “We already have policies and institutions in place here in the U.S. that we just have to activate or put to use to try to avert this problem,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks it’s going to be more challenging to regulate salamander trade on a global scale. “It’s unclear who has the mandate at the global level to deal with these issues,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Yap says that people can help stop the spread of the fungus by not buying Asian salamanders, which are the most likely to be infected. She cautions \u003ca href=\"http://www.amphibians.org/salamanderheros/\">current salamander owners \u003c/a>to not release pets into the wild. She also recommends proper disposal of wastewater and testing animals for the fungus.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Crickets: They're What's for Dinner",
"title": "Crickets: They're What's for Dinner",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Eating bugs might sound like something you’d do if you lost a bet. But a few companies have cropped up that are marketing insect powder as a nutritional supplement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requiring little food or water, bugs also have a low-carbon footprint, a fact that makes them very attractive here in drought-stricken California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But could cricket-packed cookies and milkshakes be the next big food trend?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217265673\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three entrepreneurs in their mid-20s have launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.coalovalley.farm/\">Coalo Valley Farms\u003c/a> in a warehouse in the San Fernando Valley suburb of Van Nuys, north of Los Angeles. They’re using repurposed cannabis-growing equipment to grow tens of thousands of crickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crickets live in big plastic bins filled with cardboard pizza boxes and a pasty food substance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can hear the ambient noise in here, you’ve got a little fan going, it’s nice and warm, and you’ve got the chirping,” says 25-year-old Elliot Mermel, the farm’s founder. “It’s a great place to fall asleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10624583\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10624583\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Elliot Mermel of Coalo Valley Farms sets up ventilation tubes for a cricket breeding tent.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elliot Mermel of Coalo Valley Farms sets up ventilation tubes for a cricket breeding tent. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While farms have grow crickets for fishing bait or pet reptile snacks for years, the trend of growing them exclusively for human consumption here in the United States is relatively new. The first such farm to do so, \u003ca href=\"http://bigcricketfarms.com/\">Big Cricket Farms\u003c/a>, opened in Youngstown, Ohio, in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they reach adulthood, the crickets are put in a cold room until they go into hibernation, and they never wake up. Then they’re ground up, pasteurized and dried into a powder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drying crickets is a lot harder than you’d expect, according to Dr. Aaron Dossey, a biochemist in Georgia and founder of \u003ca href=\"http://allthingsbugs.com/\">All Things Bugs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have exoskeletons, and their bodies are just designed not to dry out because they’re exposed to the elements and things,\" Dossey explains. \"So if you put them in an oven, it takes a long time and a lot of heat to dry them whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few startup companies, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.exoprotein.com/\">Exo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://chapul.com/\">Chapul\u003c/a>, buy cricket powder wholesale from Dossey, and then put it into nutrition bars. The company \u003ca href=\"http://www.sixfoods.com/\">Six Foods\u003c/a> uses it for their cricket chips, which they call “chirps.” Another company, San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://bitty.myshopify.com/\">Bitty\u003c/a>, sells cookies as well as baking flour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@lesliejz/don-t-stop-showering-california-lay-off-the-burgers-and-nuts-and-pick-up-some-crickets-eb63bddf0277\">recent blog post\u003c/a>, Bitty co-founder Leslie Ziegler writes: “Crickets are nutritionally complete, contain fiber, Omega-3 fatty acids, and a slew of other important vitamins and minerals. They take up just 2 square feet of pasture per pound versus beef’s 200 square feet. They emit zero greenhouse gases. And ... they require only one gallon of water for every one pound grown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10624588\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10624588\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic bins serve as the breeding ground for thousands of crickets until they’re ready to be processed into a high-protein powder.\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-1440x1021.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-960x681.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastic bins serve as the breeding ground for thousands of crickets until they’re ready to be processed into a high-protein powder. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But are consumers in the U.S. ready to eat creepy, crawly insects -- even in powdered form?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice of eating insects, known as entomophagy, is quite common around the world. Bricia Lopez, co-owner of \u003ca href=\"http://ilovemole.com/\">Guelaguetza\u003c/a>, a Oaxacan restaurant in Los Angeles, says all sorts of insects are eaten in Oaxaca, Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>Escamoles\u003c/em>, which are ant larvae. We eat \u003cem>gusanos de maguey\u003c/em>, which are the worms that grow inside the \u003cem>maguey\u003c/em>. We eat these big ants, which are called \u003cem>chicatanas\u003c/em>. We make salsa out of them,” Lopez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Guelaguetza, Lopez serves fried grasshoppers, known as \u003cem>chapulines\u003c/em>, prepared with tomato, onion, jalapeno, garlic and parsley. “And then at the end, when you’re ready to serve them, you just squeeze a little bit of lime on top, and then you put them on the table, and that’s pretty much it,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Pound for pound, crickets have about the same amount of protein as chicken.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lopez says people order \u003cem>chapulines\u003c/em> every day in the restaurant, and not just Oaxacan customers. But that doesn’t mean the bugs have gone mainstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a thing in Oaxaca and people eat them, but if you go in other parts of Mexico, like in other states, they’re not as popular,\" she explains. \"So I think it’ll still gonna be a while to see grasshoppers on, like, McDonald’s menus or something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crickets are much cheaper to raise than cows or chickens or pigs, according to Phil Lempert, a food marketing analyst and editor of \u003ca href=\"http://www.supermarketguru.com/\">SupermarketGuru.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pound for pound, insects, for example, crickets, have about the same amount of protein as does chicken, but certainly costs a lot less to produce, a lot less space, and some would argue, a lot more sustainable,” Lempert says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Lempert says, insects have another factor going for them: the thrill of the new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The millennials live by the slogan, when it comes to food, you only live once, and I never want to eat the same thing twice in my lifetime,” he says. \"And if they take up insects, guess what. Every supermarket in the country will be stocking them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the “Fear Factor” element, the adrenaline rush of trying something scary or forbidden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10622701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10622701 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Coalo Valley Farms founders (from left) Peter Markoe, Elliot Mermel and Nate Snow.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coalo Valley Farms founders (from left) Peter Markoe, Elliot Mermel and Nate Snow.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People who like to go out and do those risky, edgy things, they’re much more open to eating insects as well. So some people might do it just for bragging rights, too,” says Matt Ruby, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Pennsylvania who studies people’s food choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruby polled 200 Americans about whether they’d eat insects. About two-thirds said they would, with a strong preference for eating them ground up into something, as opposed to eating them whole. Ruby sees a parallel with the rise of sushi in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When sushi was first introduced here, many people were quite disgusted at the thought of eating raw fish,\" Ruby explains. \"But sushi has become incredibly popular in the United States. There’s almost 4,000 sushi restaurants just in the U.S. So, the same thing could happen with insects, but it’s really quite difficult to say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's up to companies to determine whether the food they're making is safe to eat, and the Food and Drug Administration will get involved if that comes into question. So far, no one's asked them to investigate, including Elliot Mermel and the guys at Coalo Valley Farms. They think the moment for insects has arrived, especially in food-obsessed Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a new ingredient for chefs to play around with, it’s a new ingredient for food-centric individuals to try out,\" Mermel says. \"You don’t have to go to Mexico or Southeast Asia to try it. You can try something new right here in LA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They haven’t started making the cricket powder themselves yet. In the meantime they plan to hit farmers markets, with a food truck marked with the slogan “Sustainable Junk Food.” They’ll sell gourmet grilled cheese sandwiches and \u003cem>quesadillas\u003c/em> with whole crickets in them. The crickets are optional ... sort of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sure, if someone really wants a grilled cheese without the crickets we’ll give it to them. But we might give it to them with a disapproving look,” says Mermel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says they add a tasty crunch, sort of like potato chips in your sandwich. So be warned: Crickets -- and perhaps other insects -- may soon be coming to a dinner plate near you.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eating bugs might sound like something you’d do if you lost a bet. But a few companies have cropped up that are marketing insect powder as a nutritional supplement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requiring little food or water, bugs also have a low-carbon footprint, a fact that makes them very attractive here in drought-stricken California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But could cricket-packed cookies and milkshakes be the next big food trend?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217265673&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217265673'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three entrepreneurs in their mid-20s have launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.coalovalley.farm/\">Coalo Valley Farms\u003c/a> in a warehouse in the San Fernando Valley suburb of Van Nuys, north of Los Angeles. They’re using repurposed cannabis-growing equipment to grow tens of thousands of crickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crickets live in big plastic bins filled with cardboard pizza boxes and a pasty food substance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can hear the ambient noise in here, you’ve got a little fan going, it’s nice and warm, and you’ve got the chirping,” says 25-year-old Elliot Mermel, the farm’s founder. “It’s a great place to fall asleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10624583\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10624583\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Elliot Mermel of Coalo Valley Farms sets up ventilation tubes for a cricket breeding tent.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTube-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elliot Mermel of Coalo Valley Farms sets up ventilation tubes for a cricket breeding tent. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While farms have grow crickets for fishing bait or pet reptile snacks for years, the trend of growing them exclusively for human consumption here in the United States is relatively new. The first such farm to do so, \u003ca href=\"http://bigcricketfarms.com/\">Big Cricket Farms\u003c/a>, opened in Youngstown, Ohio, in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they reach adulthood, the crickets are put in a cold room until they go into hibernation, and they never wake up. Then they’re ground up, pasteurized and dried into a powder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drying crickets is a lot harder than you’d expect, according to Dr. Aaron Dossey, a biochemist in Georgia and founder of \u003ca href=\"http://allthingsbugs.com/\">All Things Bugs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have exoskeletons, and their bodies are just designed not to dry out because they’re exposed to the elements and things,\" Dossey explains. \"So if you put them in an oven, it takes a long time and a lot of heat to dry them whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few startup companies, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.exoprotein.com/\">Exo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://chapul.com/\">Chapul\u003c/a>, buy cricket powder wholesale from Dossey, and then put it into nutrition bars. The company \u003ca href=\"http://www.sixfoods.com/\">Six Foods\u003c/a> uses it for their cricket chips, which they call “chirps.” Another company, San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://bitty.myshopify.com/\">Bitty\u003c/a>, sells cookies as well as baking flour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@lesliejz/don-t-stop-showering-california-lay-off-the-burgers-and-nuts-and-pick-up-some-crickets-eb63bddf0277\">recent blog post\u003c/a>, Bitty co-founder Leslie Ziegler writes: “Crickets are nutritionally complete, contain fiber, Omega-3 fatty acids, and a slew of other important vitamins and minerals. They take up just 2 square feet of pasture per pound versus beef’s 200 square feet. They emit zero greenhouse gases. And ... they require only one gallon of water for every one pound grown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10624588\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10624588\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic bins serve as the breeding ground for thousands of crickets until they’re ready to be processed into a high-protein powder.\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-1440x1021.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/CricketTubs-960x681.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastic bins serve as the breeding ground for thousands of crickets until they’re ready to be processed into a high-protein powder. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But are consumers in the U.S. ready to eat creepy, crawly insects -- even in powdered form?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice of eating insects, known as entomophagy, is quite common around the world. Bricia Lopez, co-owner of \u003ca href=\"http://ilovemole.com/\">Guelaguetza\u003c/a>, a Oaxacan restaurant in Los Angeles, says all sorts of insects are eaten in Oaxaca, Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>Escamoles\u003c/em>, which are ant larvae. We eat \u003cem>gusanos de maguey\u003c/em>, which are the worms that grow inside the \u003cem>maguey\u003c/em>. We eat these big ants, which are called \u003cem>chicatanas\u003c/em>. We make salsa out of them,” Lopez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Guelaguetza, Lopez serves fried grasshoppers, known as \u003cem>chapulines\u003c/em>, prepared with tomato, onion, jalapeno, garlic and parsley. “And then at the end, when you’re ready to serve them, you just squeeze a little bit of lime on top, and then you put them on the table, and that’s pretty much it,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Pound for pound, crickets have about the same amount of protein as chicken.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lopez says people order \u003cem>chapulines\u003c/em> every day in the restaurant, and not just Oaxacan customers. But that doesn’t mean the bugs have gone mainstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a thing in Oaxaca and people eat them, but if you go in other parts of Mexico, like in other states, they’re not as popular,\" she explains. \"So I think it’ll still gonna be a while to see grasshoppers on, like, McDonald’s menus or something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crickets are much cheaper to raise than cows or chickens or pigs, according to Phil Lempert, a food marketing analyst and editor of \u003ca href=\"http://www.supermarketguru.com/\">SupermarketGuru.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pound for pound, insects, for example, crickets, have about the same amount of protein as does chicken, but certainly costs a lot less to produce, a lot less space, and some would argue, a lot more sustainable,” Lempert says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Lempert says, insects have another factor going for them: the thrill of the new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The millennials live by the slogan, when it comes to food, you only live once, and I never want to eat the same thing twice in my lifetime,” he says. \"And if they take up insects, guess what. Every supermarket in the country will be stocking them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the “Fear Factor” element, the adrenaline rush of trying something scary or forbidden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10622701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10622701 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Coalo Valley Farms founders (from left) Peter Markoe, Elliot Mermel and Nate Snow.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RS16192_IMG_5812.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coalo Valley Farms founders (from left) Peter Markoe, Elliot Mermel and Nate Snow.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People who like to go out and do those risky, edgy things, they’re much more open to eating insects as well. So some people might do it just for bragging rights, too,” says Matt Ruby, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Pennsylvania who studies people’s food choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruby polled 200 Americans about whether they’d eat insects. About two-thirds said they would, with a strong preference for eating them ground up into something, as opposed to eating them whole. Ruby sees a parallel with the rise of sushi in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When sushi was first introduced here, many people were quite disgusted at the thought of eating raw fish,\" Ruby explains. \"But sushi has become incredibly popular in the United States. There’s almost 4,000 sushi restaurants just in the U.S. So, the same thing could happen with insects, but it’s really quite difficult to say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's up to companies to determine whether the food they're making is safe to eat, and the Food and Drug Administration will get involved if that comes into question. So far, no one's asked them to investigate, including Elliot Mermel and the guys at Coalo Valley Farms. They think the moment for insects has arrived, especially in food-obsessed Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a new ingredient for chefs to play around with, it’s a new ingredient for food-centric individuals to try out,\" Mermel says. \"You don’t have to go to Mexico or Southeast Asia to try it. You can try something new right here in LA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They haven’t started making the cricket powder themselves yet. In the meantime they plan to hit farmers markets, with a food truck marked with the slogan “Sustainable Junk Food.” They’ll sell gourmet grilled cheese sandwiches and \u003cem>quesadillas\u003c/em> with whole crickets in them. The crickets are optional ... sort of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sure, if someone really wants a grilled cheese without the crickets we’ll give it to them. But we might give it to them with a disapproving look,” says Mermel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says they add a tasty crunch, sort of like potato chips in your sandwich. So be warned: Crickets -- and perhaps other insects -- may soon be coming to a dinner plate near you.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Too Many Dead Trees: Sierra Sawmills Face a Backlog",
"title": "Too Many Dead Trees: Sierra Sawmills Face a Backlog",
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"content": "\u003cp>Larry Duysen’s family has run Sierra Forest Products in the small town of Terra Bella, just west of the Sierra Nevada, for almost 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His father, Glenn Duysen, founded the company in 1968. At that time, there were seven other sawmills in the region logging trees in the Sequoia National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But as wood became less available, one by one, they went out of business,” he says. Logging was restricted and the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/sequoia/home/?cid=stelprdb5394941\">Giant Sequoia National Monument \u003c/a>put large tracts of land off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217192855\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Sierra Forest Products is the only sawmill left in the entire southern Sierra. And it has gone from a two-shift operation to one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, because of wildfires and the drought, Duysen could easily use two shifts. His log deck outside -- where the logs are stacked several stories high before being milled -- is almost full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It means for the first time in many years, he has to turn customers away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10624083\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"The log deck at Sierra Forest Products is almost full.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10624083\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-800x588.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-400x294.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-1440x1059.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-960x706.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The log deck at Sierra Forest Products is almost full. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had so many years of, I’ll say famine, as far as supply goes,” Duysen says. “It’s really disheartening for me to have to answer a phone call and tell people we just cannot help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s talking mainly about private landowners who are hoping to sell wood from trees killed by the drought and bark beetles. But the company is already backlogged with fire salvage trees from two large wildfires in the Sierra National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could run the mill on that alone and have a surplus,” he says. Taking new contracts is out of the question right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The emergency or catastrophe is at such an extent that at this time we can’t take all the wood,” Duysen says of the fire and insect salvage. “We don’t have the capacity for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mill can take 36 million board-feet of lumber a year; the wood from the fires alone amounts to about 40 million board-feet, Duysen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2½ hours north of Terra Bella, logger Hudson Fisk knows all too well that there’s a glut at the mills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been removing dead trees from private properties in Mariposa and Madera counties all summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10624085\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-800x1123.jpg\" alt=\"Hudson Fisk’s team of loggers takes down a dead Ponderosa pine tree.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1123\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10624085\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-800x1123.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-400x562.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-1440x2022.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-1180x1657.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-960x1348.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hudson Fisk’s team of loggers takes down a dead Ponderosa pine tree. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In past years, he would take the logs to Terra Bella or one of two sawmills in Sonora.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really no market for it anymore,” Fisk says of the insect salvage. “It’s hard to make a profit selling the wood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He used to be able to give landowners a credit for their wood. But now he has to charge them to remove it. “We’re just stockpiling it back at our yard,” he says. “Some of it we process into firewood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some will be used for lumber, but most of it will go into a chipper. “I have a feeling in a couple years from now, a large portion of our log decks are gonna just end up getting chipped into mulch,” Fisk says. “We’ll make compost out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he had fresh green trees, he’d get more money. But the damaged trees bring in about 40 percent less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now I can’t even get a contract to sell,\" Fisk says. \"But if I could, the price would be so low it wouldn’t even cover my trucking cost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some people are benefiting from the surplus wood, at least in Mariposa County. Homeowners can donate their logs to the senior firewood program at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mariposafiresafe.net/\">Mariposa Fire Safe Council\u003c/a> -- and feel good about helping those on a fixed income stay warm in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Larry Duysen’s family has run Sierra Forest Products in the small town of Terra Bella, just west of the Sierra Nevada, for almost 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His father, Glenn Duysen, founded the company in 1968. At that time, there were seven other sawmills in the region logging trees in the Sequoia National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But as wood became less available, one by one, they went out of business,” he says. Logging was restricted and the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/sequoia/home/?cid=stelprdb5394941\">Giant Sequoia National Monument \u003c/a>put large tracts of land off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217192855&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217192855'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Sierra Forest Products is the only sawmill left in the entire southern Sierra. And it has gone from a two-shift operation to one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, because of wildfires and the drought, Duysen could easily use two shifts. His log deck outside -- where the logs are stacked several stories high before being milled -- is almost full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It means for the first time in many years, he has to turn customers away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10624083\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"The log deck at Sierra Forest Products is almost full.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10624083\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-800x588.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-400x294.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-1440x1059.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LogDeck-960x706.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The log deck at Sierra Forest Products is almost full. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had so many years of, I’ll say famine, as far as supply goes,” Duysen says. “It’s really disheartening for me to have to answer a phone call and tell people we just cannot help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s talking mainly about private landowners who are hoping to sell wood from trees killed by the drought and bark beetles. But the company is already backlogged with fire salvage trees from two large wildfires in the Sierra National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could run the mill on that alone and have a surplus,” he says. Taking new contracts is out of the question right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The emergency or catastrophe is at such an extent that at this time we can’t take all the wood,” Duysen says of the fire and insect salvage. “We don’t have the capacity for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mill can take 36 million board-feet of lumber a year; the wood from the fires alone amounts to about 40 million board-feet, Duysen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2½ hours north of Terra Bella, logger Hudson Fisk knows all too well that there’s a glut at the mills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been removing dead trees from private properties in Mariposa and Madera counties all summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10624085\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-800x1123.jpg\" alt=\"Hudson Fisk’s team of loggers takes down a dead Ponderosa pine tree.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1123\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10624085\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-800x1123.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-400x562.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-1440x2022.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-1180x1657.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DeadPine-960x1348.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hudson Fisk’s team of loggers takes down a dead Ponderosa pine tree. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In past years, he would take the logs to Terra Bella or one of two sawmills in Sonora.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really no market for it anymore,” Fisk says of the insect salvage. “It’s hard to make a profit selling the wood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He used to be able to give landowners a credit for their wood. But now he has to charge them to remove it. “We’re just stockpiling it back at our yard,” he says. “Some of it we process into firewood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some will be used for lumber, but most of it will go into a chipper. “I have a feeling in a couple years from now, a large portion of our log decks are gonna just end up getting chipped into mulch,” Fisk says. “We’ll make compost out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he had fresh green trees, he’d get more money. But the damaged trees bring in about 40 percent less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now I can’t even get a contract to sell,\" Fisk says. \"But if I could, the price would be so low it wouldn’t even cover my trucking cost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some people are benefiting from the surplus wood, at least in Mariposa County. Homeowners can donate their logs to the senior firewood program at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mariposafiresafe.net/\">Mariposa Fire Safe Council\u003c/a> -- and feel good about helping those on a fixed income stay warm in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Who's Saving Water in California and Who Isn't",
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"content": "\u003cp>The majority of California’s water districts have stepped up to meet strict new water conservation rules, according to data released by the state on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 40 percent of urban water suppliers cut their water use dramatically, by 30 percent or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of water districts, 140 in all, fell short, mostly in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/aabc0626-3712-11e5-b9e0-0e8dde98a187/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the rules, districts must save between 4 and 36 percent of their water use, compared to what they used during the same month in 2013. The State Water Resources Control Board set the goals based on the per capita water use in each district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials applauded the water savings in June, which was the first month the mandatory rules took effect. Overall, Californians saved 27.3 percent, exceeding the 25 percent goal called for by Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is significant, especially in light of the fact that June was really hot,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board. “June numbers tell a story of conscious conservation and that’s what we need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bay Area Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Northern California water districts passed with flying colors. Menlo Park, Redwood City and the Dublin-San Ramon Services District all saved 31 percent more water than required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Peninsula’s Westborough Water District was one of the few Bay Area agencies that fell far short of its conservation goal, failing to produce any savings in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet the conservation mandates, most Bay Area water districts have limited watering to two days per week, banned watering during peak daylight hours and have banned sprinkler runoff and using water to clean sidewalks and driveways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen such immediate action happen,” said Stephanie Nevins, a water conservation supervisor at Alameda County Water District in the East Bay. “People are running to apply and participate in our lawn removal program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_154624\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-154624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"Outdoor water accounts for half of all residential use, even more in hotter areas.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outdoor water accounts for half of all residential use, even more in hotter areas. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water agencies in San Jose, Dublin and Morgan Hill have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/01/car-washes-and-pools-winners-and-losers-of-californias-drought/\">banned filling new swimming pools\u003c/a> with potable water. The city of San Jose prohibits washing cars at home with potable water. Residents must use gray water or go to commercial car washes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water agencies all around California are doing a pretty big lift,” said Tim Quinn of the Association of California Water Agencies. “There’s a lot involved in educating the public and getting the information to them. The people of California have gotten it and they’re taking those actions and saving a lot of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials will be meeting with the worst-performing providers to review their drought conservation plans. The board can issue fines of up to $500 a day for districts that fail to comply and ultimately, can levy more stringent fees of up to $10,000 a day if districts flagrantly ignore the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Downside to Conservation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saving water also means selling less water to customers, so many water districts are now grappling with revenue shortfalls. Water districts generally have inflexible costs, like paying for their water supply or infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When folks drastically reduce their water use, we still have those fixed charges, year-round,” says Nevins. “Doesn’t matter if it’s a drought year or a non-drought year. There’s a certain amount of money that we have to spend to supply our service area with high-quality water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are imposing surcharges on customers to make up for it. The East Bay Municipal Utility District imposed a 25 percent surcharge on its customers on July 1 to make up the cost of buying extra water and to pay for conservation and enforcement efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Keeping Up Conservation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials warned that with several more dry months ahead this summer, water districts would have to keep up their conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just that we’re in a drought,” said Marcus. “We’re in the drought of our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus also expressed concern that there’s been too much focus on El Niño, the weather pattern that forecasters say \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/09/el-nino-update-californias-great-wet-hope-continues-to-build/\">could deliver heavy rainfall this winter\u003c/a>. “It sends too much of a mixed message on conservation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even a strong El Niño does not guarantee the kind of rain and snow we need to end or let alone put a dent in the drought,” she said. “We need rain and particularly snow in Northern California, where the large reservoirs that people rely on for a big chunk of water supply are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Map produced by Matthew Green and Johanna Varner.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The majority of California’s water districts have stepped up to meet strict new water conservation rules, according to data released by the state on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 40 percent of urban water suppliers cut their water use dramatically, by 30 percent or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of water districts, 140 in all, fell short, mostly in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/aabc0626-3712-11e5-b9e0-0e8dde98a187/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the rules, districts must save between 4 and 36 percent of their water use, compared to what they used during the same month in 2013. The State Water Resources Control Board set the goals based on the per capita water use in each district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials applauded the water savings in June, which was the first month the mandatory rules took effect. Overall, Californians saved 27.3 percent, exceeding the 25 percent goal called for by Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is significant, especially in light of the fact that June was really hot,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board. “June numbers tell a story of conscious conservation and that’s what we need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bay Area Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Northern California water districts passed with flying colors. Menlo Park, Redwood City and the Dublin-San Ramon Services District all saved 31 percent more water than required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Peninsula’s Westborough Water District was one of the few Bay Area agencies that fell far short of its conservation goal, failing to produce any savings in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet the conservation mandates, most Bay Area water districts have limited watering to two days per week, banned watering during peak daylight hours and have banned sprinkler runoff and using water to clean sidewalks and driveways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen such immediate action happen,” said Stephanie Nevins, a water conservation supervisor at Alameda County Water District in the East Bay. “People are running to apply and participate in our lawn removal program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_154624\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-154624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"Outdoor water accounts for half of all residential use, even more in hotter areas.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/lawn-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outdoor water accounts for half of all residential use, even more in hotter areas. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water agencies in San Jose, Dublin and Morgan Hill have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/01/car-washes-and-pools-winners-and-losers-of-californias-drought/\">banned filling new swimming pools\u003c/a> with potable water. The city of San Jose prohibits washing cars at home with potable water. Residents must use gray water or go to commercial car washes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water agencies all around California are doing a pretty big lift,” said Tim Quinn of the Association of California Water Agencies. “There’s a lot involved in educating the public and getting the information to them. The people of California have gotten it and they’re taking those actions and saving a lot of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials will be meeting with the worst-performing providers to review their drought conservation plans. The board can issue fines of up to $500 a day for districts that fail to comply and ultimately, can levy more stringent fees of up to $10,000 a day if districts flagrantly ignore the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Downside to Conservation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saving water also means selling less water to customers, so many water districts are now grappling with revenue shortfalls. Water districts generally have inflexible costs, like paying for their water supply or infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When folks drastically reduce their water use, we still have those fixed charges, year-round,” says Nevins. “Doesn’t matter if it’s a drought year or a non-drought year. There’s a certain amount of money that we have to spend to supply our service area with high-quality water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are imposing surcharges on customers to make up for it. The East Bay Municipal Utility District imposed a 25 percent surcharge on its customers on July 1 to make up the cost of buying extra water and to pay for conservation and enforcement efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Keeping Up Conservation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials warned that with several more dry months ahead this summer, water districts would have to keep up their conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just that we’re in a drought,” said Marcus. “We’re in the drought of our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus also expressed concern that there’s been too much focus on El Niño, the weather pattern that forecasters say \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/09/el-nino-update-californias-great-wet-hope-continues-to-build/\">could deliver heavy rainfall this winter\u003c/a>. “It sends too much of a mixed message on conservation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even a strong El Niño does not guarantee the kind of rain and snow we need to end or let alone put a dent in the drought,” she said. “We need rain and particularly snow in Northern California, where the large reservoirs that people rely on for a big chunk of water supply are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Map produced by Matthew Green and Johanna Varner.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "major-s-f-bayfront-developments-advance-despite-sea-rise-warnings",
"title": "Major S.F. Bayfront Developments Advance Despite Sea Rise Warnings",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>This project was produced by the \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/\">\u003ci>San Francisco Public Press\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, a community-supported nonprofit news organization dedicated to public interest journalism. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like every body of water that opens onto a global ocean, San Francisco Bay is virtually guaranteed to rise several feet in coming decades, climate scientists say. But that has not deterred real estate developers from proposing and building billions of dollars worth of new homes and offices in bayfront areas that current climate change predictions show could flood by century’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land-use records and environmental applications reveal that the building boom, fueled by a white-hot tech economy, is moving too fast for regulators to keep pace. Most cities and regional agencies have not yet adopted tools to address flooding in areas where thousands of acres are threatened by sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright pullquote\">Even the scenario widely considered ‘most likely’ would put thousands of acres of the current shoreline underwater.\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/Orange_motto-copy-400x162.jpg\" alt=\"sfpp-duke-v4\" width=\"400\" height=\"162\" class=\"aligncenter size-thumbnail wp-image-10622862\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Developers say they have engineering and financial solutions to deal with any reasonable future flooding risk. But critics, including climate scientists, urban planners and environmental activists, say the current wave of construction might leave taxpayers on the hook for enormously expensive emergency protections and repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers studying climate change predict that the rise in ocean levels will accelerate later this century as the atmosphere heats the ocean and melts glaciers. Many of their models show that by 2100, occasional flooding could reach as high as 8 feet above current high tide, in the event of a severe coastal storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the scenario widely considered “most likely” — 3 feet of permanent rise — would put thousands of acres of the current shoreline underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers are planning or currently building at least 27 major commercial and residential complexes around the bay on land lower than 8 feet above high tide, as estimated by recent aerial surveys. And more than a dozen Bay Area cities continue to issue permits for plans that address future flood risks vaguely, if at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium.jpg\" alt=\"SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium\" width=\"1310\" height=\"980\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10622857\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium.jpg 1310w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium-400x299.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium-960x718.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1310px) 100vw, 1310px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Google, Microsoft, LinkedIn and Facebook are among the marquee corporate names driving the bayfront explosion. Some cities are even courting companies to build near sea level, often on landfill created in the mid-20th century in former salt marshes. Much of that land could return to the sea, unless cities erect seawalls, levees and other monumental edifices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristina Hill, a professor of environmental planning at the University of California, Berkeley, said more experimentation is needed in waterfront construction techniques. But few businesses are invested in fortifying the properties they build beyond midcentury. It is hard to fund resilient architecture, Hill said, when developers “do not have a shared interest with the public about what will happen with those properties in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many areas, new development includes desperately needed housing. Projects now in the pipeline in San Francisco would add 25,000 new apartments. On Treasure Island alone, developers are ready to break ground on a forest of residential towers that could house 12,000 people, and at Mission Rock and Pier 70, developers have pledged to build more affordable apartments than the city requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corporate and government data show that the highest-profile building projects on the shorelines of San Francisco, Silicon Valley and the East Bay will cost more than $21 billion to build, excluding the value of the land underneath them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That does not account for the likely public cost, coming within decades, of protecting these settlements with dikes, levees and artificial wetlands — or for the economic toll of abandoning development in designated buffer zones as waves rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few local governments, including Mountain View, are beginning to spend money on sea level rise infrastructure projects that can protect waterfront business districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10622860\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 772px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DSC_0186.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DSC_0186.jpg\" alt=\"An apartment tower rises in Mission Bay, bringing new neighbors for Jack Wickert, 78, a retired music teacher and playwright who lives in a houseboat on Mission Creek. Asked if he was \" width=\"772\" height=\"1158\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10622860\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DSC_0186.jpg 772w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DSC_0186-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 772px) 100vw, 772px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An apartment tower rises in Mission Bay, bringing new neighbors for Jack Wickert, 78, a retired music teacher and playwright who lives in a houseboat on Mission Creek. Asked if he was\u003cbr>worried about sea level rise, he quipped: ‘I’ll rise with it.’ \u003ccite>(Peter Snarr, San Francisco Public Press.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And San Francisco is in its second year of interdepartmental planning to address sea rise. But the city has yet to update its flood plain ordinance or planning and building codes to address increasing flood risk on the waterfront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creating consistent rules governing private property could be a challenge. “Regulations around climate change are in their infancy, or nonexistent,” said David Behar, climate program director for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has updated its flood maps, which guide public works investments, but other agencies do not impose those guidelines on private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Ed Lee and the Board of Supervisors last year resisted a call from the chair of the city’s civil grand jury to stop approving new shoreline development until stricter building rules are passed. Officials said that changes to city codes might be necessary, though until now state environmental laws and reviews have been sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Official maps upon which the city’s 2008 flood ordinance is based do not account for future sea rise. Developers say this means the city lacks the legal grounds to prevent building there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past five years, San Francisco land-use agencies have approved residential, entertainment, retail, medical and office projects on nearly 50 waterfront parcels that are less than 8 feet above sea level. Major projects are somewhere in the approval process for Treasure Island and in parts of South of Market, Pier 70, Candlestick Point and Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most contentious is the Golden State Warriors’ $1 billion plan for a mixed-use facility in the Mission Bay neighborhood south of downtown. Opponents of the project, centered around an arena for the 2015 NBA champions, have focused on how it would affect traffic and bay views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a survey of 13 communities around the bay with the most intense waterfront development, the Public Press found that six had progressed beyond studying the threat of sea rise but none had an action plan. And only two — San Francisco and San Jose — had changed rules for any departments that oversee land use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2009 report for the California Energy Commission, the Pacific Institute, an Oakland-based research group advocating for corporate environmental stewardship and social equity, estimated that property lost in the event of 4.6 feet of sea rise by 2099 would cost the Bay Area $62 billion (nearly two-thirds the cost for all of California).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This inundation would require rebuilding the airports serving San Francisco and Oakland, and moving parts of interstates 101 on the Peninsula and 80 in the East Bay. It could also put 270,000 people in danger during severe floods, the report warned, and “continued development in vulnerable areas will put additional areas at risk and raise protection costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10622865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"During king tides, which occur when the gravity of the sun and the moon align, 'We can get an idea of what a permanent rise in sea level might look like in our communities,' says the California King Tides Project. In these stills from a timelapse video, the tide at Heron’s Head Park near Hunters Point rose 5.75 feet over 5.5 hours.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10622865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06.jpg 1310w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During king tides, which occur when the gravity of the sun and the moon align, “We can get an idea of what a permanent rise in sea level might look like in our communities,” says the California King Tides Project. In these stills from a timelapse video, the tide at Heron’s Head Park near Hunters Point rose 5.75 feet over 5.5 hours. \u003ccite>(Eric Lawson/San Francisco Public Press.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Now is the time to look seriously at what will happen 50 or 100 years down the road,” said Gary Griggs, who directs the Institute of Marine Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and contributed to the National Research Council’s most recent report on sea level rise on the West Coast. “What is the value of making a development, housing project or mall if we know it will have to be removed later, except for some short-term temporary gains?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers stand to profit handsomely from the waterfront land rush, but governments also benefit in the short run. The proposed megaprojects promise tens of millions of dollars in tax revenue. Some cities are offering developers tax credits, low-cost land and flood-control infrastructure to encourage building on their shorelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting alone, cities risk pushing floodwaters into neighboring areas. In the short term, to avoid ringing the whole bay with barriers, communities could surround themselves with small levees and extend them inland up creeks. This would keep water from neighboring communities out, until it got too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The common roadblocks that environmentalists face nationwide in raising concern over adaptation to climate change, such as distrust of science or lobbying by the fossil fuel industry, play only a small role in Bay Area politics. Here, the obstacles involve pressure from the real estate, construction and tech businesses emphasizing short-term economic opportunity over more precautionary environmental perspectives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco planning staffers say they evaluate each application for its response to the threat of sea level rise and suggest a range of adaptation strategies. According to public records, in the last five years the city has approved more than 50 projects, each worth at least $1 million, in low-lying waterfront areas. The estimated development costs of these projects exceed $4.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report in June 2014 from San Francisco’s civil grand jury — a volunteer committee that examines local government — concluded that San Francisco was not moving nearly fast enough to protect public safety in the event of sea rise. Behar, who last year headed the city’s interagency Sea Level Rise Technical Committee, said scientists’ increasing confidence in their projections and the degree of agreement among them support taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Mayor Ed Lee convened a new panel, the Sea Level Rise Coordinating Committee, chaired by Gil Kelley, the director of citywide planning, and Fuad Sweiss, the city engineer. He said the group would produce a “high-level assessment” of risks and vulnerabilities, and consider recommending stricter rules for private development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maryta Piazza, corresponding secretary of the civil grand jury, told a Board of Supervisors committee in September 2014 that the city should impose a moratorium on private developments until its codes are updated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t stay ahead of the trend,” Piazza said, “as we are now we’ll be forever catching up, fixing up, and ending up spending much more money in the long run.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Visit \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/searise\">\u003ci>sfpublicpress.org/searise\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> for a longer version of this story, including accompanying articles, graphics, photos and maps that appear in the summer 2015 print edition of the San Francisco Public Press. Find out where to buy a copy or order online at \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpr.es/buypaper\">\u003ci>sfpr.es/buypaper\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Developers are planning or building at least 27 major commercial and residential complexes on land that could be at risk.",
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"title": "Major S.F. Bayfront Developments Advance Despite Sea Rise Warnings | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Kevin Stark, Winifred Bird and Michael Stoll\u003cbr />San Francisco Public Press \u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>This project was produced by the \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/\">\u003ci>San Francisco Public Press\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, a community-supported nonprofit news organization dedicated to public interest journalism. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like every body of water that opens onto a global ocean, San Francisco Bay is virtually guaranteed to rise several feet in coming decades, climate scientists say. But that has not deterred real estate developers from proposing and building billions of dollars worth of new homes and offices in bayfront areas that current climate change predictions show could flood by century’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land-use records and environmental applications reveal that the building boom, fueled by a white-hot tech economy, is moving too fast for regulators to keep pace. Most cities and regional agencies have not yet adopted tools to address flooding in areas where thousands of acres are threatened by sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright pullquote\">Even the scenario widely considered ‘most likely’ would put thousands of acres of the current shoreline underwater.\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/Orange_motto-copy-400x162.jpg\" alt=\"sfpp-duke-v4\" width=\"400\" height=\"162\" class=\"aligncenter size-thumbnail wp-image-10622862\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Developers say they have engineering and financial solutions to deal with any reasonable future flooding risk. But critics, including climate scientists, urban planners and environmental activists, say the current wave of construction might leave taxpayers on the hook for enormously expensive emergency protections and repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers studying climate change predict that the rise in ocean levels will accelerate later this century as the atmosphere heats the ocean and melts glaciers. Many of their models show that by 2100, occasional flooding could reach as high as 8 feet above current high tide, in the event of a severe coastal storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the scenario widely considered “most likely” — 3 feet of permanent rise — would put thousands of acres of the current shoreline underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers are planning or currently building at least 27 major commercial and residential complexes around the bay on land lower than 8 feet above high tide, as estimated by recent aerial surveys. And more than a dozen Bay Area cities continue to issue permits for plans that address future flood risks vaguely, if at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium.jpg\" alt=\"SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium\" width=\"1310\" height=\"980\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10622857\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium.jpg 1310w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium-400x299.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/SFPP_issue_17_B4-5_medium-960x718.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1310px) 100vw, 1310px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Google, Microsoft, LinkedIn and Facebook are among the marquee corporate names driving the bayfront explosion. Some cities are even courting companies to build near sea level, often on landfill created in the mid-20th century in former salt marshes. Much of that land could return to the sea, unless cities erect seawalls, levees and other monumental edifices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristina Hill, a professor of environmental planning at the University of California, Berkeley, said more experimentation is needed in waterfront construction techniques. But few businesses are invested in fortifying the properties they build beyond midcentury. It is hard to fund resilient architecture, Hill said, when developers “do not have a shared interest with the public about what will happen with those properties in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many areas, new development includes desperately needed housing. Projects now in the pipeline in San Francisco would add 25,000 new apartments. On Treasure Island alone, developers are ready to break ground on a forest of residential towers that could house 12,000 people, and at Mission Rock and Pier 70, developers have pledged to build more affordable apartments than the city requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corporate and government data show that the highest-profile building projects on the shorelines of San Francisco, Silicon Valley and the East Bay will cost more than $21 billion to build, excluding the value of the land underneath them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That does not account for the likely public cost, coming within decades, of protecting these settlements with dikes, levees and artificial wetlands — or for the economic toll of abandoning development in designated buffer zones as waves rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few local governments, including Mountain View, are beginning to spend money on sea level rise infrastructure projects that can protect waterfront business districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10622860\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 772px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DSC_0186.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DSC_0186.jpg\" alt=\"An apartment tower rises in Mission Bay, bringing new neighbors for Jack Wickert, 78, a retired music teacher and playwright who lives in a houseboat on Mission Creek. Asked if he was \" width=\"772\" height=\"1158\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10622860\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DSC_0186.jpg 772w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/DSC_0186-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 772px) 100vw, 772px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An apartment tower rises in Mission Bay, bringing new neighbors for Jack Wickert, 78, a retired music teacher and playwright who lives in a houseboat on Mission Creek. Asked if he was\u003cbr>worried about sea level rise, he quipped: ‘I’ll rise with it.’ \u003ccite>(Peter Snarr, San Francisco Public Press.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And San Francisco is in its second year of interdepartmental planning to address sea rise. But the city has yet to update its flood plain ordinance or planning and building codes to address increasing flood risk on the waterfront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creating consistent rules governing private property could be a challenge. “Regulations around climate change are in their infancy, or nonexistent,” said David Behar, climate program director for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has updated its flood maps, which guide public works investments, but other agencies do not impose those guidelines on private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Ed Lee and the Board of Supervisors last year resisted a call from the chair of the city’s civil grand jury to stop approving new shoreline development until stricter building rules are passed. Officials said that changes to city codes might be necessary, though until now state environmental laws and reviews have been sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Official maps upon which the city’s 2008 flood ordinance is based do not account for future sea rise. Developers say this means the city lacks the legal grounds to prevent building there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past five years, San Francisco land-use agencies have approved residential, entertainment, retail, medical and office projects on nearly 50 waterfront parcels that are less than 8 feet above sea level. Major projects are somewhere in the approval process for Treasure Island and in parts of South of Market, Pier 70, Candlestick Point and Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most contentious is the Golden State Warriors’ $1 billion plan for a mixed-use facility in the Mission Bay neighborhood south of downtown. Opponents of the project, centered around an arena for the 2015 NBA champions, have focused on how it would affect traffic and bay views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a survey of 13 communities around the bay with the most intense waterfront development, the Public Press found that six had progressed beyond studying the threat of sea rise but none had an action plan. And only two — San Francisco and San Jose — had changed rules for any departments that oversee land use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2009 report for the California Energy Commission, the Pacific Institute, an Oakland-based research group advocating for corporate environmental stewardship and social equity, estimated that property lost in the event of 4.6 feet of sea rise by 2099 would cost the Bay Area $62 billion (nearly two-thirds the cost for all of California).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This inundation would require rebuilding the airports serving San Francisco and Oakland, and moving parts of interstates 101 on the Peninsula and 80 in the East Bay. It could also put 270,000 people in danger during severe floods, the report warned, and “continued development in vulnerable areas will put additional areas at risk and raise protection costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10622865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"During king tides, which occur when the gravity of the sun and the moon align, 'We can get an idea of what a permanent rise in sea level might look like in our communities,' says the California King Tides Project. In these stills from a timelapse video, the tide at Heron’s Head Park near Hunters Point rose 5.75 feet over 5.5 hours.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10622865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/KINGTIDES_locations_06.jpg 1310w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During king tides, which occur when the gravity of the sun and the moon align, “We can get an idea of what a permanent rise in sea level might look like in our communities,” says the California King Tides Project. In these stills from a timelapse video, the tide at Heron’s Head Park near Hunters Point rose 5.75 feet over 5.5 hours. \u003ccite>(Eric Lawson/San Francisco Public Press.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Now is the time to look seriously at what will happen 50 or 100 years down the road,” said Gary Griggs, who directs the Institute of Marine Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and contributed to the National Research Council’s most recent report on sea level rise on the West Coast. “What is the value of making a development, housing project or mall if we know it will have to be removed later, except for some short-term temporary gains?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers stand to profit handsomely from the waterfront land rush, but governments also benefit in the short run. The proposed megaprojects promise tens of millions of dollars in tax revenue. Some cities are offering developers tax credits, low-cost land and flood-control infrastructure to encourage building on their shorelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting alone, cities risk pushing floodwaters into neighboring areas. In the short term, to avoid ringing the whole bay with barriers, communities could surround themselves with small levees and extend them inland up creeks. This would keep water from neighboring communities out, until it got too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The common roadblocks that environmentalists face nationwide in raising concern over adaptation to climate change, such as distrust of science or lobbying by the fossil fuel industry, play only a small role in Bay Area politics. Here, the obstacles involve pressure from the real estate, construction and tech businesses emphasizing short-term economic opportunity over more precautionary environmental perspectives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco planning staffers say they evaluate each application for its response to the threat of sea level rise and suggest a range of adaptation strategies. According to public records, in the last five years the city has approved more than 50 projects, each worth at least $1 million, in low-lying waterfront areas. The estimated development costs of these projects exceed $4.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report in June 2014 from San Francisco’s civil grand jury — a volunteer committee that examines local government — concluded that San Francisco was not moving nearly fast enough to protect public safety in the event of sea rise. Behar, who last year headed the city’s interagency Sea Level Rise Technical Committee, said scientists’ increasing confidence in their projections and the degree of agreement among them support taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Mayor Ed Lee convened a new panel, the Sea Level Rise Coordinating Committee, chaired by Gil Kelley, the director of citywide planning, and Fuad Sweiss, the city engineer. He said the group would produce a “high-level assessment” of risks and vulnerabilities, and consider recommending stricter rules for private development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maryta Piazza, corresponding secretary of the civil grand jury, told a Board of Supervisors committee in September 2014 that the city should impose a moratorium on private developments until its codes are updated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t stay ahead of the trend,” Piazza said, “as we are now we’ll be forever catching up, fixing up, and ending up spending much more money in the long run.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Visit \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/searise\">\u003ci>sfpublicpress.org/searise\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> for a longer version of this story, including accompanying articles, graphics, photos and maps that appear in the summer 2015 print edition of the San Francisco Public Press. Find out where to buy a copy or order online at \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpr.es/buypaper\">\u003ci>sfpr.es/buypaper\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Dustup in Oakland Over Plan to Ship Coal Through New Terminal",
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"content": "\u003cp>California no longer mines coal, and relatively little of its electricity comes from coal-fired power plants. But it's still legal to export the fossil fuel from here — and lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The privately owned \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/22/coal-train-dust-worries-richmond-residents/\">Levin-Richmond terminal\u003c/a>, for instance, ships more than 1 million tons of coal a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the U.S. market for coal dries up, producers are looking for more places to ship it to countries still hungry for fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217040267&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what drove Utah recently to approve a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/oakland-mayor-port-developer-in-dispute-over-plan-to-ship-coal\" target=\"_blank\">$53 million investment\u003c/a> in a cargo terminal set to open in West Oakland in 2017 -- a move that has set off a political firestorm here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Oaklanders fear that trains carrying coal to ships in the harbor will further threaten the health of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coal is just part of what is happening to this one community,” says Margaret Gordon, co-director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.woeip.org/\" target=\"_blank\">West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon, 69, has been fighting pollution in her neighborhood for decades. There's plenty of it. This part of town experiences \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/air-pollution-dispute-west-oakland-army-base\" target=\"_blank\">a high incidence of asthma\u003c/a> among children and \u003ca href=\"http://www.societyhealth.vcu.edu/media/society-health/pdf/PMReport_Alameda.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">significantly lower life expectancies\u003c/a> than more affluent parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a drive through West Oakland, Gordon points to a freight train rolling by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See how this train is coming through?” she says, “That's how close the train is going to be to where the people are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just a few blocks from a large apartment complex that’s already subject to around-the-clock diesel exhaust from trucks going to and from Oakland's busy port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One neighborhood, one area — one little area of the city has all this going on at one time,” says Gordon. “Three freeways, a post office distribution center with trucks, a port facility, soil that needs to be remediated, a smelting company, recycling company, a Superfund site -- now just add the coal terminal to it!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10622557\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10622557\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A Burlington Northern Santa Fe train sits idle at the Port of Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-1440x962.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Burlington Northern Santa Fe train sits idle at the Port of Oakland. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the trains start bringing coal to the new bulk terminal, Gordon worries they'll spew dust all over her neighborhood. But one of the cargo terminal's developers promises that won't be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have eliminated that problem because we will cover the rail cars,” says Jerry Bridges, president of \u003ca href=\"http://obotjv.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Terminal Logistics Solutions\u003c/a>, the company awarded a contract to build and run the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandglobal.com/index.php/project/about/wgw-development\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal\u003c/a> (OBOT). Bridges says the facility will be able to handle 9 million tons of bulk cargo a year and expects 4.2 million tons of it to be coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As they are loaded at the origin, at the coal mine, and as they transit from the mine to the port, there will be no dust coming off of the trains,” Bridges says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terminal, he says, will also be clean. To demonstrate, he holds up a picture that depicts the typical way terminals handle coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just open piles of product laying on the ground, with water being sprayed on it to keep the dust down,” Bridges says. \"That's the way it's handled everywhere else in the rest of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridges holds up another picture depicting white domes on a pristine dock, saying, “This is what our terminal would look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Bridges, the bulk terminal will use new technology to keep dusty material like coal enclosed all the way from the mines to the ships that will carry the cargo overseas. Coal cars will dump their load into an underground conveyor system, he says, which will whisk it into vessels' cargo holds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bridges' assurances of a clean, safe coal facility have fallen flat with Mayor Libby Schaaf and the City Council, which voted last year to \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=1747455&GUID=D41B7760-10B0-455E-B1F5-88894FBAD097&Options=&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">oppose shipping coal\u003c/a> through the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're not going to let ourselves be fooled or falsely placated into thinking something is not what it is.” says \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/CityCouncil/o/District1/\">Councilman Dan Kalb\u003c/a>, whose district lies north of the terminal site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland officials awarded \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiagroup.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Capital and Investment Group\u003c/a> (CCIG) to develop its share of the old Oakland Army Base. CCIG President Phil Tagami has been a major force in Oakland development, and a well-connected one. Tagami's firm has led two landmark redevelopment efforts financed largely, as the new port facility is, with public funds -- the Rotunda Building and the Fox Oakland theater. The developer was a close ally of Jerry Brown during his tenure as mayor, with Brown appointing him to serve on the Port of Oakland board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalb notes that Tagami promised no coal would move through the new port when the question arose early in the development process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would never let coal go through his property -- this is what he said to my face here in City Hall and to others, too,” says Kalb. \"We’re just trying to hold him to his word. That’s all. It’s not any shocker what the city is doing. What’s shocking is what the private developer’s doing, and their partners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tagami declined to be interviewed for this story. So did Oakland's Mayor Schaaf. The two are reportedly negotiating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But emails obtained through a public records request show the two butting heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one, \u003ca href=\"http://documents.scribd.com.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/3khxtyd4w4j07hq.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Schaaf orders\u003c/a> Tagami to honor the city's ban on coal. Tagami \u003ca href=\"http://documents.scribd.com.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/4lxhbjb0sg4izov0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">replies\u003c/a> that he has the right to export any legal commodity, including coal, and has all the permits to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jess Dervin-Ackerman of the Sierra Club's San Francisco Bay chapter, which opposes coal exports because of local impacts and because they may promote climate change, says that’s just not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coal was never considered as a commodity that was going through during any of the environmental review, which is supposed to consider all the impacts not only on an environment but the people that live near the project,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dervin-Ackerman says the city has leverage it can use to delay the terminal project if necessary. Officials could reopen the environmental review or reopen the development agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either action would create uncertainty, which can spook investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jerry Bridges, head of Terminal Logistics Solutions, says he hasn't signed any contracts with coal shippers yet and is still raising the $260 million to build the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve thought about what if the project gets killed in Oakland?” says Bridges. “Then it gets killed, and we go away. But coal is a product that's going to ship, and it can ship from Oakland or it can ship from somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridges says Oakland could lose out on as many as 100 on-site jobs -- half of which go to locals -- and another 2,600 jobs in related services for the terminal, and all the other economic benefits of running a world-class export terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland's City Council has set a hearing for Sept. 21 to look at the public health and safety concerns associated with coal dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The accurate information is going to come out,\" says Kalb. \"Then, based on the record, the city will have an opportunity to enact regulations that all parties will have to follow.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California no longer mines coal, and relatively little of its electricity comes from coal-fired power plants. But it's still legal to export the fossil fuel from here — and lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The privately owned \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/22/coal-train-dust-worries-richmond-residents/\">Levin-Richmond terminal\u003c/a>, for instance, ships more than 1 million tons of coal a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the U.S. market for coal dries up, producers are looking for more places to ship it to countries still hungry for fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217040267&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what drove Utah recently to approve a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/oakland-mayor-port-developer-in-dispute-over-plan-to-ship-coal\" target=\"_blank\">$53 million investment\u003c/a> in a cargo terminal set to open in West Oakland in 2017 -- a move that has set off a political firestorm here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Oaklanders fear that trains carrying coal to ships in the harbor will further threaten the health of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coal is just part of what is happening to this one community,” says Margaret Gordon, co-director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.woeip.org/\" target=\"_blank\">West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon, 69, has been fighting pollution in her neighborhood for decades. There's plenty of it. This part of town experiences \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/air-pollution-dispute-west-oakland-army-base\" target=\"_blank\">a high incidence of asthma\u003c/a> among children and \u003ca href=\"http://www.societyhealth.vcu.edu/media/society-health/pdf/PMReport_Alameda.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">significantly lower life expectancies\u003c/a> than more affluent parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a drive through West Oakland, Gordon points to a freight train rolling by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See how this train is coming through?” she says, “That's how close the train is going to be to where the people are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just a few blocks from a large apartment complex that’s already subject to around-the-clock diesel exhaust from trucks going to and from Oakland's busy port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One neighborhood, one area — one little area of the city has all this going on at one time,” says Gordon. “Three freeways, a post office distribution center with trucks, a port facility, soil that needs to be remediated, a smelting company, recycling company, a Superfund site -- now just add the coal terminal to it!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10622557\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10622557\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A Burlington Northern Santa Fe train sits idle at the Port of Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-1440x962.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/PortTrain-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Burlington Northern Santa Fe train sits idle at the Port of Oakland. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the trains start bringing coal to the new bulk terminal, Gordon worries they'll spew dust all over her neighborhood. But one of the cargo terminal's developers promises that won't be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have eliminated that problem because we will cover the rail cars,” says Jerry Bridges, president of \u003ca href=\"http://obotjv.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Terminal Logistics Solutions\u003c/a>, the company awarded a contract to build and run the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandglobal.com/index.php/project/about/wgw-development\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal\u003c/a> (OBOT). Bridges says the facility will be able to handle 9 million tons of bulk cargo a year and expects 4.2 million tons of it to be coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As they are loaded at the origin, at the coal mine, and as they transit from the mine to the port, there will be no dust coming off of the trains,” Bridges says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terminal, he says, will also be clean. To demonstrate, he holds up a picture that depicts the typical way terminals handle coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just open piles of product laying on the ground, with water being sprayed on it to keep the dust down,” Bridges says. \"That's the way it's handled everywhere else in the rest of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridges holds up another picture depicting white domes on a pristine dock, saying, “This is what our terminal would look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Bridges, the bulk terminal will use new technology to keep dusty material like coal enclosed all the way from the mines to the ships that will carry the cargo overseas. Coal cars will dump their load into an underground conveyor system, he says, which will whisk it into vessels' cargo holds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bridges' assurances of a clean, safe coal facility have fallen flat with Mayor Libby Schaaf and the City Council, which voted last year to \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=1747455&GUID=D41B7760-10B0-455E-B1F5-88894FBAD097&Options=&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">oppose shipping coal\u003c/a> through the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're not going to let ourselves be fooled or falsely placated into thinking something is not what it is.” says \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/CityCouncil/o/District1/\">Councilman Dan Kalb\u003c/a>, whose district lies north of the terminal site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland officials awarded \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiagroup.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Capital and Investment Group\u003c/a> (CCIG) to develop its share of the old Oakland Army Base. CCIG President Phil Tagami has been a major force in Oakland development, and a well-connected one. Tagami's firm has led two landmark redevelopment efforts financed largely, as the new port facility is, with public funds -- the Rotunda Building and the Fox Oakland theater. The developer was a close ally of Jerry Brown during his tenure as mayor, with Brown appointing him to serve on the Port of Oakland board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalb notes that Tagami promised no coal would move through the new port when the question arose early in the development process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would never let coal go through his property -- this is what he said to my face here in City Hall and to others, too,” says Kalb. \"We’re just trying to hold him to his word. That’s all. It’s not any shocker what the city is doing. What’s shocking is what the private developer’s doing, and their partners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tagami declined to be interviewed for this story. So did Oakland's Mayor Schaaf. The two are reportedly negotiating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But emails obtained through a public records request show the two butting heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one, \u003ca href=\"http://documents.scribd.com.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/3khxtyd4w4j07hq.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Schaaf orders\u003c/a> Tagami to honor the city's ban on coal. Tagami \u003ca href=\"http://documents.scribd.com.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/4lxhbjb0sg4izov0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">replies\u003c/a> that he has the right to export any legal commodity, including coal, and has all the permits to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jess Dervin-Ackerman of the Sierra Club's San Francisco Bay chapter, which opposes coal exports because of local impacts and because they may promote climate change, says that’s just not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coal was never considered as a commodity that was going through during any of the environmental review, which is supposed to consider all the impacts not only on an environment but the people that live near the project,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dervin-Ackerman says the city has leverage it can use to delay the terminal project if necessary. Officials could reopen the environmental review or reopen the development agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either action would create uncertainty, which can spook investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jerry Bridges, head of Terminal Logistics Solutions, says he hasn't signed any contracts with coal shippers yet and is still raising the $260 million to build the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve thought about what if the project gets killed in Oakland?” says Bridges. “Then it gets killed, and we go away. But coal is a product that's going to ship, and it can ship from Oakland or it can ship from somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridges says Oakland could lose out on as many as 100 on-site jobs -- half of which go to locals -- and another 2,600 jobs in related services for the terminal, and all the other economic benefits of running a world-class export terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland's City Council has set a hearing for Sept. 21 to look at the public health and safety concerns associated with coal dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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