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"content": "\u003cp>Hey, Bay Area, here’s what’s coming at you in the next few days: a series of storms that promises to bring a healthy dose of rain to communities throughout the Bay Area, another soaking to the coastal mountains north and south of San Francisco Bay and more snow to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/02/early-january-storms-headed-for-california\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/02/early-january-storms-headed-for-california\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Coming at You, Bay Area: A Week of January Storms — and Maybe a Lot More\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Californians are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/7-things-to-know-about-this-weekends-big-california-storm/\" target=\"_blank\">bracing for floods\u003c/a> as an atmospheric river bears down upon the Golden State. While the whole Bay Area is likely to see some rain, forecasters expect that the storm center will hit Santa Cruz and move toward the Sierra this weekend.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"4K51hin4WkRbyvOJ4re2gO6oZsZ5qTch\"]\u003cbr>\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency tracks areas vulnerable to a 100-year flood, or a flood that has \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood-handout-042610.pdf\">a 1 percent chance of occurring in any given year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in a 100-year flood zone FEMA requires you to purchase flood insurance. The agency's data show that populated areas around the state are at risk. A much broader swath of the state is vulnerable in a 500-year flood, but insurance isn't required in those areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the maps for San Francisco, Humboldt and Placer counties are preliminary. We do not currently have maps available for Alpine County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter your address or location below to see whether you live in a flood zone. Go to FEMA's website to see \u003ca href=\"http://fema.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=cbe088e7c8704464aa0fc34eb99e7f30\" target=\"_blank\">all mapped flood zones\u003c/a> and learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\" target=\"_blank\">flood mapping and insurance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir][floodZone]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Take a trip to Recology’s Recycle Central, where San Francisco’s waste is sorted and sent off for processing. This week on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we answer a question from Noe Valley resident Charlie Spiegel, who wondered where his recycling ends up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]C[/dropcap]harlie Spiegel is one of those people obsessed with getting recycling right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the peanut butter canister. If I throw this into the recycling — this plastic thing that’s got peanut butter in it — I have no idea what they do with it,” he says, as he stands in the kitchen of his Noe Valley home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s pulling empty glass and plastic containers out of his dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you really wash these things?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, yeah,” he says. “And then they come out melted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie has \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of questions when it comes to recycling. Like what happens to stuff that can’t be recycled that gets mixed up in the blue bins? Does he need to continue washing his plastics and jars? And what do those numbers on the bottom of his plastics mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/15/quiz-test-your-recycling-i-q/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take Our Recycling Quiz\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Test your recycling I.Q. to see how well you know San Francisco’s recycling rules.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>Is Rinsing Recyclables Necessary?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The answers to all of Charlie’s questions were at Recology’s recycling center at Pier 96 near Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the 200,000-square-foot warehouse, I meet Robert Reed, a project manager for Recology. He takes me to an open room called the tipping floor, where the recycling trucks first dump their contents after they leave your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55yXRsIX30A\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic water bottles, cardboard Amazon boxes, plastic bags and soup containers are corralled by tractors into colossal 30-foot mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six hundred tons of material come through the tipping floor each day, says Robert. That’s equivalent to the weight of 38 Muni buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I bring up Charlie’s first question: Do people need to rinse their recyclables?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Definitely don’t recycle:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plastic Bags:\u003c/strong> They clog up Recology’s machines so toss them in the trash.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wire Coat Hangers:\u003c/strong> These also damage the machines, so throw them out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Greasy pizza boxes:\u003c/strong> The greasy bottom is compostable, the clean top can be recycled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Styrofoam:\u003c/strong> This isn’t recyclable anywhere so make sure it ends up in the garbage.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He says a \u003cem>half-full\u003c/em> jar of peanut butter would be too much, but their equipment is prepared to handle some residue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Recology does ask people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/faq/do-i-have-to-rinse-jars-bottles-and-cans/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">rinse out\u003c/a> their plastics because it can pose a problem for \u003cem>paper\u003c/em> products in single-stream recycling. If the food residue gets onto paper in your bin, it could make that paper non-recyclable. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How The Recycling Is Sorted\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We leave the tipping floor, and follow the recyclables as they are scooped onto conveyor belts moving up toward a second floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna Banks is hand-sorting the material as it comes down the conveyer belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got here at 3:45 a.m.,” she says. “It’s a hard shift because you gotta get used to waking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s dusty and loud at the plant — so loud, you can’t hear a person 5 feet away from you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799481 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Ayanna_sorting_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-400x223.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1440x803.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1920x1071.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1180x658.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-960x535.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ayanna Banks has seen some pretty unusual stuff come through the line — like car bumpers and a bank safe. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, Ayanna has her headphones and there’s one type of music that keeps her going — gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s mostly what I listen to in the morning, keep my spirits up,” laughs Ayanna, who says she likes to sing along, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna removes aluminum and cardboard from the paper, and separates out the trash, which is tossed into a chute for the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paper goes straight to a high-density bailer, and plastics head toward one of the coolest machines in the whole warehouse — an optical sorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799479\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799479 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg\" alt=\"Sorting_star\" width=\"400\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-768x957.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-960x1197.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some parts of the recycling process are done by hand. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You can see how it hits certain items with a puff of air,” says Robert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine works like a human eyeball, visually sorting the plastics by color and type. As the plastics approach the end of the conveyor belt, the machine shoots puffs of air at each item to direct it toward a bin of similar plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they’re baled and sent to Central California, where they’ll be turned into new products, like new recycling bins or water bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>And What About Those Numbers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Charlie’s final question was about those hard-to-decode numbers on the bottom of most plastics. Robert says those matter at other recycling plants, but not here in San Francisco. Recology can process any hard plastics it receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… Even if they’re melted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reporting Back to Charlie\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I returned to Charlie’s house, I opened my laptop and played a video we took of the recycling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wow, labor intensive, my God they’re picking out stuff as they go … wow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked if it’s what he imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing the volumes they’re going through,” says Charlie. “And it’s amazing to me how labor intensive it is, ‘cuz I just had no idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I told him that food residue isn’t an issue, he was elated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He can finally stop melting his plastic jars in the dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story said Recology users did not need to rinse out plastic recyclables. Recology has since updated its guidelines to ask users to rinse food residue from plastics to avoid contaminating paper recyclables.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want KQED’s Bay Curious team to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Ask!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799483 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"Wall of aluminum_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-400x224.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-768x430.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-960x538.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An eddy-current separator repels aluminum cans off the line. They are then baled and sent to foundries in Tennessee. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"title": "What Happens to San Francisco's Recycling Once It Leaves the Curb? | KQED",
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"headline": "What Happens to San Francisco's Recycling Once It Leaves the Curb?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Take a trip to Recology’s Recycle Central, where San Francisco’s waste is sorted and sent off for processing. This week on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we answer a question from Noe Valley resident Charlie Spiegel, who wondered where his recycling ends up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">C\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>harlie Spiegel is one of those people obsessed with getting recycling right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the peanut butter canister. If I throw this into the recycling — this plastic thing that’s got peanut butter in it — I have no idea what they do with it,” he says, as he stands in the kitchen of his Noe Valley home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s pulling empty glass and plastic containers out of his dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you really wash these things?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, yeah,” he says. “And then they come out melted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie has \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of questions when it comes to recycling. Like what happens to stuff that can’t be recycled that gets mixed up in the blue bins? Does he need to continue washing his plastics and jars? And what do those numbers on the bottom of his plastics mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/15/quiz-test-your-recycling-i-q/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take Our Recycling Quiz\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Test your recycling I.Q. to see how well you know San Francisco’s recycling rules.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>Is Rinsing Recyclables Necessary?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The answers to all of Charlie’s questions were at Recology’s recycling center at Pier 96 near Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the 200,000-square-foot warehouse, I meet Robert Reed, a project manager for Recology. He takes me to an open room called the tipping floor, where the recycling trucks first dump their contents after they leave your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Plastic water bottles, cardboard Amazon boxes, plastic bags and soup containers are corralled by tractors into colossal 30-foot mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six hundred tons of material come through the tipping floor each day, says Robert. That’s equivalent to the weight of 38 Muni buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I bring up Charlie’s first question: Do people need to rinse their recyclables?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Definitely don’t recycle:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plastic Bags:\u003c/strong> They clog up Recology’s machines so toss them in the trash.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wire Coat Hangers:\u003c/strong> These also damage the machines, so throw them out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Greasy pizza boxes:\u003c/strong> The greasy bottom is compostable, the clean top can be recycled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Styrofoam:\u003c/strong> This isn’t recyclable anywhere so make sure it ends up in the garbage.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He says a \u003cem>half-full\u003c/em> jar of peanut butter would be too much, but their equipment is prepared to handle some residue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Recology does ask people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/faq/do-i-have-to-rinse-jars-bottles-and-cans/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">rinse out\u003c/a> their plastics because it can pose a problem for \u003cem>paper\u003c/em> products in single-stream recycling. If the food residue gets onto paper in your bin, it could make that paper non-recyclable. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How The Recycling Is Sorted\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We leave the tipping floor, and follow the recyclables as they are scooped onto conveyor belts moving up toward a second floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna Banks is hand-sorting the material as it comes down the conveyer belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got here at 3:45 a.m.,” she says. “It’s a hard shift because you gotta get used to waking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s dusty and loud at the plant — so loud, you can’t hear a person 5 feet away from you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799481 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Ayanna_sorting_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-400x223.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1440x803.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1920x1071.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1180x658.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-960x535.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ayanna Banks has seen some pretty unusual stuff come through the line — like car bumpers and a bank safe. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, Ayanna has her headphones and there’s one type of music that keeps her going — gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s mostly what I listen to in the morning, keep my spirits up,” laughs Ayanna, who says she likes to sing along, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna removes aluminum and cardboard from the paper, and separates out the trash, which is tossed into a chute for the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paper goes straight to a high-density bailer, and plastics head toward one of the coolest machines in the whole warehouse — an optical sorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799479\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799479 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg\" alt=\"Sorting_star\" width=\"400\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-768x957.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-960x1197.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some parts of the recycling process are done by hand. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You can see how it hits certain items with a puff of air,” says Robert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine works like a human eyeball, visually sorting the plastics by color and type. As the plastics approach the end of the conveyor belt, the machine shoots puffs of air at each item to direct it toward a bin of similar plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they’re baled and sent to Central California, where they’ll be turned into new products, like new recycling bins or water bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>And What About Those Numbers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Charlie’s final question was about those hard-to-decode numbers on the bottom of most plastics. Robert says those matter at other recycling plants, but not here in San Francisco. Recology can process any hard plastics it receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… Even if they’re melted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reporting Back to Charlie\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I returned to Charlie’s house, I opened my laptop and played a video we took of the recycling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wow, labor intensive, my God they’re picking out stuff as they go … wow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked if it’s what he imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing the volumes they’re going through,” says Charlie. “And it’s amazing to me how labor intensive it is, ‘cuz I just had no idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I told him that food residue isn’t an issue, he was elated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He can finally stop melting his plastic jars in the dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story said Recology users did not need to rinse out plastic recyclables. Recology has since updated its guidelines to ask users to rinse food residue from plastics to avoid contaminating paper recyclables.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want KQED’s Bay Curious team to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Ask!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799483 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"Wall of aluminum_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-400x224.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-768x430.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-960x538.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An eddy-current separator repels aluminum cans off the line. They are then baled and sent to foundries in Tennessee. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Scientists Track Undersea Noise Pollution as Ship Traffic Swells",
"headTitle": "Scientists Track Undersea Noise Pollution as Ship Traffic Swells | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/12/OceanSoundscapesMiller.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Undersea sounds from Monterey Bay provided by Dave Cade and Hopkins Marine Station.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATED 6/1/16: The Obama Administration on Wednesday released its first-ever comprehensive strategy for reducing undersea noise pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noise is becoming ever more “pervasive” in the ocean, says Michael Jasny, who directs the Marine Mammal Protection Project for the Natural Resources Defense Council. He says ocean noise from shipping, naval sonar and industrial operations has been doubling every ten years for several decades, interfering with marine animals’ ability to find food and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a problem that is intensifying,’” he says. “The science has made clear that it has to be dealt with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason says the patchwork of laws governing ocean noise have not been joined by a single strategy. While NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://cetsound.noaa.gov/Assets/cetsound/documents/Roadmap/ONS_Draft_Roadmap_Complete_May31.pdf\">140-page plan\u003c/a> stops short of establishing any actual rules, environmentalists say it’s a good start toward “concrete action” to muffle the ocean soundscape.\u003cbr>\nThe draft “roadmap” could eventually lead to actions such as placing speed limits on merchant ships in some areas, or re-drawing shipping lanes to minimize impacts on marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ORIGINAL POST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When one of the world’s largest container ships passed under the Golden Gate Bridge on New Year’s Eve, it raised the curtain on a new era for West Coast container ports — and raised new anxiety for marine biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s a lot of noise in the ocean and the oceans have been getting noisier.’\u003ccite>Danielle Lipski, NOAA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long been concerned about the impacts of noise pollution on undersea ecosystems. A wide variety of marine animals, from whales to snapping shrimp, depend on sound to navigate, communicate, and even survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_496725\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 3851px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-496725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886.jpg\" alt=\"The Ultra-Large Container Ship Benjamin Franklin enters San Francisco Bay on December 31, 2015, the largest cargo ship ever to pass under the Golden Gate Bridge.\" width=\"3851\" height=\"2886\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886.jpg 3851w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1440x1079.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3851px) 100vw, 3851px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ultra-Large Container Ship Benjamin Franklin enters San Francisco Bay on December 31, 2015, the largest cargo ship ever to pass under the Golden Gate Bridge. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At a very basic level, we know that these animals use sound as we use light,” says Brandon Southall, a marine consultant and research associate at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “It’s their fundamental essential mode of communication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While environmentalists have fought epic battles with the U.S. Navy over interference from sonar, Southall says the growth of commercial shipping poses by far the biggest threat to the undersea soundscape, from the noise ships generate simply by moving through the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an overall length of 1,300 feet, the ULCS (Ultra-Large Container Ship) \u003ca href=\"http://maritimematters.com/2015/12/cma-cgm-benjamin-franklin-gets-hollywood-welcome/\">Benjamin Franklin\u003c/a> is the biggest ship ever to call at a North American port — 200 feet longer than the Navy’s newest, biggest aircraft carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445290\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 473px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-445290\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-445290\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"NOAA scientist Danielle Lipski (foreground) and technicians aboard the R/V Fulmar prepare to deploy an undersea sound-recording station that will capture sounds for two years before floating back to the ocean's surface.\" width=\"473\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA scientist Danielle Lipski (foreground) and technicians aboard the R/V Fulmar prepare to deploy an undersea sound-recording station that will capture sounds for two years before floating back to the ocean’s surface. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When fully loaded, the Franklin has a draft of 52 feet — it’s like dragging a 5-story building along underwater. That takes giant propellers and a huge amount of power to move. And all of that generates low-frequency noise below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other things in the ocean make sound,” says Southall, “but shipping is the overwhelmingly dominant component of the noise that people put into the ocean in places like San Francisco Bay here, where you have all the ships coming in and out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ship’s operators say the Franklin is designed to be more than compliant with new international guidelines for minimizing ship noise below the water line. But the guidelines are voluntary, and there’s no assurance that other shippers will follow suit, especially in retrofitting older ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Lloyd’s Register, total tonnage of the global merchant shipping fleet is expected to double by 2030 (v. 2010). That would mean more ships and bigger ships. The number of large container ships could multiply six times, driven by growing populations, rising consumerism and increased global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445524\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489.jpeg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-445524\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-445524\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-800x4186.jpeg\" alt=\"NOAA is building out a network of undersea listening stations along both U.S. coasts.\" width=\"324\" height=\"1695\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-800x4186.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-400x2093.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-768x4018.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-1440x7535.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-1180x6174.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-960x5023.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA is building out a network of undersea listening stations along both U.S. coasts. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response, scientists are deploying a network of undersea listening stations to develop a more complete “picture” of ocean soundscapes and how they’re changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of noise in the ocean and the oceans have been getting noisier,” researcher Danielle Lipski told me as the NOAA research vessel R/V Fulmar was about to cast off from Bodega Bay in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipski’s mission on that day was to deploy the newest in a network of underwater listening devices, this one about 20 miles off of Pt. Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that there are ships and we know that there are whales,” she said, “but we don’t really understand the soundscape there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipski says sound — especially in the low-frequency range where whales vocalize — can travel hundreds or even thousands of kilometers underwater, depending on a variety of factors such as the contours of the sea floor, water salinity and even temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/\">Pacific Marine Environmental Lab\u003c/a> hope this undersea “surround sound” will reveal, among other things, how much noise pollution is being generated by shipping lanes that cut through the \u003ca href=\"http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\">Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that I think we’ll get a pretty good idea of how that sound is affecting the habitat quality of the animals that are in the sanctuary,” Lipski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answers won’t come quickly. The listening station, anchored to the sea floor in more than 1,600 feet of water, cannot transmit, so it will continue recording sounds for two years. Only then will scientists retrieve the hydrophone and begin to analyze what they’ve got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having two years’ worth of data’s gonna be a really rich data set for us to understand the types of sounds that change seasonally and year-to-year,” Lipski told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, scientists can make recommendations for things like where to expand shipping lanes — and where not to — and fine-tune new international guidelines for making the ships themselves quieter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444036\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-444036 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-800x397.png\" alt=\"NOAA is building out a network of sound-gathering stations along both U.S. coasts.\" width=\"800\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-800x397.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-400x199.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-768x381.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-1440x715.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-1180x586.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-960x477.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA is building out a network of sound-gathering stations along both U.S. coasts. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, things continue to amp up under the waves. From a whale’s perspective, Southall likens it to living in a city undergoing rapid growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s in a place that is loud and dynamic but it didn’t have this whole component of ships, boats, echo sounders — you know, just human presence — in the lifespan of some of these 150-year-old animals,” Southall said. “Their whole environment has gone from a rural area to a busy city, if they live near shipping lanes.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Undersea sounds from Monterey Bay provided by Dave Cade and Hopkins Marine Station.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATED 6/1/16: The Obama Administration on Wednesday released its first-ever comprehensive strategy for reducing undersea noise pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noise is becoming ever more “pervasive” in the ocean, says Michael Jasny, who directs the Marine Mammal Protection Project for the Natural Resources Defense Council. He says ocean noise from shipping, naval sonar and industrial operations has been doubling every ten years for several decades, interfering with marine animals’ ability to find food and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a problem that is intensifying,’” he says. “The science has made clear that it has to be dealt with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason says the patchwork of laws governing ocean noise have not been joined by a single strategy. While NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://cetsound.noaa.gov/Assets/cetsound/documents/Roadmap/ONS_Draft_Roadmap_Complete_May31.pdf\">140-page plan\u003c/a> stops short of establishing any actual rules, environmentalists say it’s a good start toward “concrete action” to muffle the ocean soundscape.\u003cbr>\nThe draft “roadmap” could eventually lead to actions such as placing speed limits on merchant ships in some areas, or re-drawing shipping lanes to minimize impacts on marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ORIGINAL POST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When one of the world’s largest container ships passed under the Golden Gate Bridge on New Year’s Eve, it raised the curtain on a new era for West Coast container ports — and raised new anxiety for marine biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s a lot of noise in the ocean and the oceans have been getting noisier.’\u003ccite>Danielle Lipski, NOAA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long been concerned about the impacts of noise pollution on undersea ecosystems. A wide variety of marine animals, from whales to snapping shrimp, depend on sound to navigate, communicate, and even survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_496725\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 3851px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-496725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886.jpg\" alt=\"The Ultra-Large Container Ship Benjamin Franklin enters San Francisco Bay on December 31, 2015, the largest cargo ship ever to pass under the Golden Gate Bridge.\" width=\"3851\" height=\"2886\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886.jpg 3851w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1440x1079.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3851px) 100vw, 3851px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ultra-Large Container Ship Benjamin Franklin enters San Francisco Bay on December 31, 2015, the largest cargo ship ever to pass under the Golden Gate Bridge. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At a very basic level, we know that these animals use sound as we use light,” says Brandon Southall, a marine consultant and research associate at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “It’s their fundamental essential mode of communication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While environmentalists have fought epic battles with the U.S. Navy over interference from sonar, Southall says the growth of commercial shipping poses by far the biggest threat to the undersea soundscape, from the noise ships generate simply by moving through the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an overall length of 1,300 feet, the ULCS (Ultra-Large Container Ship) \u003ca href=\"http://maritimematters.com/2015/12/cma-cgm-benjamin-franklin-gets-hollywood-welcome/\">Benjamin Franklin\u003c/a> is the biggest ship ever to call at a North American port — 200 feet longer than the Navy’s newest, biggest aircraft carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445290\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 473px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-445290\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-445290\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"NOAA scientist Danielle Lipski (foreground) and technicians aboard the R/V Fulmar prepare to deploy an undersea sound-recording station that will capture sounds for two years before floating back to the ocean's surface.\" width=\"473\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA scientist Danielle Lipski (foreground) and technicians aboard the R/V Fulmar prepare to deploy an undersea sound-recording station that will capture sounds for two years before floating back to the ocean’s surface. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When fully loaded, the Franklin has a draft of 52 feet — it’s like dragging a 5-story building along underwater. That takes giant propellers and a huge amount of power to move. And all of that generates low-frequency noise below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other things in the ocean make sound,” says Southall, “but shipping is the overwhelmingly dominant component of the noise that people put into the ocean in places like San Francisco Bay here, where you have all the ships coming in and out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ship’s operators say the Franklin is designed to be more than compliant with new international guidelines for minimizing ship noise below the water line. But the guidelines are voluntary, and there’s no assurance that other shippers will follow suit, especially in retrofitting older ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Lloyd’s Register, total tonnage of the global merchant shipping fleet is expected to double by 2030 (v. 2010). That would mean more ships and bigger ships. The number of large container ships could multiply six times, driven by growing populations, rising consumerism and increased global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445524\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489.jpeg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-445524\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-445524\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-800x4186.jpeg\" alt=\"NOAA is building out a network of undersea listening stations along both U.S. coasts.\" width=\"324\" height=\"1695\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-800x4186.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-400x2093.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-768x4018.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-1440x7535.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-1180x6174.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-960x5023.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA is building out a network of undersea listening stations along both U.S. coasts. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response, scientists are deploying a network of undersea listening stations to develop a more complete “picture” of ocean soundscapes and how they’re changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of noise in the ocean and the oceans have been getting noisier,” researcher Danielle Lipski told me as the NOAA research vessel R/V Fulmar was about to cast off from Bodega Bay in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipski’s mission on that day was to deploy the newest in a network of underwater listening devices, this one about 20 miles off of Pt. Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that there are ships and we know that there are whales,” she said, “but we don’t really understand the soundscape there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipski says sound — especially in the low-frequency range where whales vocalize — can travel hundreds or even thousands of kilometers underwater, depending on a variety of factors such as the contours of the sea floor, water salinity and even temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/\">Pacific Marine Environmental Lab\u003c/a> hope this undersea “surround sound” will reveal, among other things, how much noise pollution is being generated by shipping lanes that cut through the \u003ca href=\"http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\">Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that I think we’ll get a pretty good idea of how that sound is affecting the habitat quality of the animals that are in the sanctuary,” Lipski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answers won’t come quickly. The listening station, anchored to the sea floor in more than 1,600 feet of water, cannot transmit, so it will continue recording sounds for two years. Only then will scientists retrieve the hydrophone and begin to analyze what they’ve got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having two years’ worth of data’s gonna be a really rich data set for us to understand the types of sounds that change seasonally and year-to-year,” Lipski told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, scientists can make recommendations for things like where to expand shipping lanes — and where not to — and fine-tune new international guidelines for making the ships themselves quieter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444036\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-444036 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-800x397.png\" alt=\"NOAA is building out a network of sound-gathering stations along both U.S. coasts.\" width=\"800\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-800x397.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-400x199.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-768x381.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-1440x715.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-1180x586.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-960x477.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA is building out a network of sound-gathering stations along both U.S. coasts. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, things continue to amp up under the waves. From a whale’s perspective, Southall likens it to living in a city undergoing rapid growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:50 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> Using a kayak to get the seal to move its 900 pounds where rescuers wanted it to go didn't work. Thus, Plan B: sedation and transportation to Point Reyes, where presumably an elephant seal can make a happier home than on the side of the highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterinarians from the Marine Mammal Center confirmed that the elephant seal is healthy, and also that she is pregnant, as had been speculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Vets sedated the persistent elephant seal attempting to cross a Sonoma Co. highway: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/jUZc5ud3Ae\">https://t.co/jUZc5ud3Ae\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/M3MJN7ySpz\">https://t.co/M3MJN7ySpz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— ABC7 News (@abc7newsBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/abc7newsBayArea/status/681982061805080578\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boy, did our \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q=elephant%20seal%20highway%2037&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter feed\u003c/a> ever blow up today with news about that Highway 37 elephant seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To catch you all up, the elephant seal caused a traffic jam yesterday at Highway 37 near Tolay Creek in Sonoma County, when she repeatedly tried to cross the two-lane expressway and climb over the center divider. Motorists who stopped and tried to help reported that she attacked their vehicles, the California Highway Patrol said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d25106.571298235816!2d-122.45634459583198!3d38.13271870051748!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8085a15b9ac1313b%3A0x2b9f45812629e84!2sTolay+Creek%2C+California!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1451428001931\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials were able to steer her back into an inlet, but rescuers from the Marine Mammal Center want to coax her out to the open water of San Pablo Bay. But the center said this afternoon that \"multiple attempts\" by its rescue team this morning failed to do just that. Personnel will make another go of it this afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TMMC\">@TMMC\u003c/a> staffers say it could take a couple days to move this stubborn 900 lb. elephant seal \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kron4news\">@kron4news\u003c/a> WATCH: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/SCPJJnC46Q\">pic.twitter.com/SCPJJnC46Q\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Averi Harper (@AveriHarper) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AveriHarper/status/681906700819927040\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Giancarlo Rulli of the Marine Mammal Center says staff are using a kayak to try to direct the seal, which is currently resting in the inlet's mudflats. (For \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Elephant-seal-still-determined-to-cross-North-Bay-6725567.php\" target=\"_blank\">photos of the standoff \u003c/a>in the muck, check out SFGate.) The center's employees are taking breaks, he said, so that the animal, which appears to be healthy, doesn't expend too much energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rulli said a lot of female elephant seals flock to San Simeon in December and January to give birth. It's unknown if the seal in Sonoma County is pregnant, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">A female elephant seal made her way onto highway 37 in Sonoma County, CA Monday (12/28). TUE0058 (STRINGER) \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/lOo1edkLPz\">pic.twitter.com/lOo1edkLPz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CBS Newspath (@cbsnewspath) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cbsnewspath/status/681805849032015872\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"It probably just took a wrong turn and made its way into the bay. It’s not a common area for us to do rescues, especially for elephant seals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay City News contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Marine mammal that tried to cross a Sonoma County highway into San Pablo Bay was sedated and taken to Point Reyes.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:50 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> Using a kayak to get the seal to move its 900 pounds where rescuers wanted it to go didn't work. Thus, Plan B: sedation and transportation to Point Reyes, where presumably an elephant seal can make a happier home than on the side of the highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterinarians from the Marine Mammal Center confirmed that the elephant seal is healthy, and also that she is pregnant, as had been speculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Vets sedated the persistent elephant seal attempting to cross a Sonoma Co. highway: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/jUZc5ud3Ae\">https://t.co/jUZc5ud3Ae\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/M3MJN7ySpz\">https://t.co/M3MJN7ySpz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— ABC7 News (@abc7newsBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/abc7newsBayArea/status/681982061805080578\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boy, did our \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q=elephant%20seal%20highway%2037&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter feed\u003c/a> ever blow up today with news about that Highway 37 elephant seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To catch you all up, the elephant seal caused a traffic jam yesterday at Highway 37 near Tolay Creek in Sonoma County, when she repeatedly tried to cross the two-lane expressway and climb over the center divider. Motorists who stopped and tried to help reported that she attacked their vehicles, the California Highway Patrol said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d25106.571298235816!2d-122.45634459583198!3d38.13271870051748!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8085a15b9ac1313b%3A0x2b9f45812629e84!2sTolay+Creek%2C+California!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1451428001931\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials were able to steer her back into an inlet, but rescuers from the Marine Mammal Center want to coax her out to the open water of San Pablo Bay. But the center said this afternoon that \"multiple attempts\" by its rescue team this morning failed to do just that. Personnel will make another go of it this afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TMMC\">@TMMC\u003c/a> staffers say it could take a couple days to move this stubborn 900 lb. elephant seal \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kron4news\">@kron4news\u003c/a> WATCH: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/SCPJJnC46Q\">pic.twitter.com/SCPJJnC46Q\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Averi Harper (@AveriHarper) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AveriHarper/status/681906700819927040\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Giancarlo Rulli of the Marine Mammal Center says staff are using a kayak to try to direct the seal, which is currently resting in the inlet's mudflats. (For \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Elephant-seal-still-determined-to-cross-North-Bay-6725567.php\" target=\"_blank\">photos of the standoff \u003c/a>in the muck, check out SFGate.) The center's employees are taking breaks, he said, so that the animal, which appears to be healthy, doesn't expend too much energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rulli said a lot of female elephant seals flock to San Simeon in December and January to give birth. It's unknown if the seal in Sonoma County is pregnant, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">A female elephant seal made her way onto highway 37 in Sonoma County, CA Monday (12/28). TUE0058 (STRINGER) \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/lOo1edkLPz\">pic.twitter.com/lOo1edkLPz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CBS Newspath (@cbsnewspath) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cbsnewspath/status/681805849032015872\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"It probably just took a wrong turn and made its way into the bay. It’s not a common area for us to do rescues, especially for elephant seals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay City News contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Controversial High-Tech Plan to Save Earth's Last Rhinos",
"title": "A Controversial High-Tech Plan to Save Earth's Last Rhinos",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>ast month at the San Diego Zoo’s Safari Park, one of the world’s four last northern white rhinos died. It was the latest dose of bad news concerning threatened rhino species in Africa and Asia that are being slaughtered by poachers supplying the lucrative black market for the animal’s horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the price of rhino horn nearing $70,000 a kilo, poaching in South Africa, where 90 percent of rhinos live today, has increased more than a hundredfold in less than a decade. In 2007, South African authorities recorded eight white rhinos killed by poachers; last year, the number was more than 1,200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First used in Chinese medicine 1,800 years ago, demand for rhino horn is now driven primarily by a surge in popularity in Vietnam. In addition to being thought of as a treatment for cancer and fever, it has emerged as a status symbol. Businessmen showcase rhino horns as trophies and shave off powder to serve in cocktails. Ingestion of the powder is also thought to alleviate hangovers and is allegedly sometimes snorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with an apparently insatiable appetite for rhino horn and poachers overwhelming South African law enforcement, the 50-million-year-old species appears headed for certain extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, a San Francisco startup is developing a technology it says could save the world's rhinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm, \u003ca href=\"http://signup.pembient.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Pembient\u003c/a>, is developing a method to 3-D print rhino horn that is genetically identical to wild horn. By supplying the black market with an indistinguishable synthetic substitute, the company thinks it can drive down the cost of horn and undercut the incentive for poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10806153\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10806153\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"Indian forestry officials stand near the carcass of a one-horned rhinoceros which was killed and de-horned by poachers in Burapahar, a range of the Kaziranga National Park, in June 2015.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10806153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indian forestry officials stand near the carcass of a one-horned rhinoceros which was killed and de-horned by poachers in Burapahar, a range of the Kaziranga National Park, in June 2015. \u003ccite>(AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pembient will act as an inexhaustible stockpile of accessible rhino horn,” said Matthew Marcus, the company’s chief executive. “If we can make a product that’s bioidentical, we can control the price of horn in the market, and then hopefully save rhinos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advances in DNA sequencing now make it possible to replicate animal products in much the same way that software is copied, said George Bonaci, co-founder of Pembient. To create the horn, Pembient embeds the rhino’s genetic code into yeast, which converts sugar into horn protein, or keratin. This is the “ink” for the 3-D printer. The printing process then melts the keratin into solid pieces of horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient was selected for the first San Francisco class of biotech accelerator Indie Bio, along with companies developing animal-free milk and egg whites from yeast, mass-produced stem cells that aim to reduce costs for stem cell research, and bioengineered textiles that aim to reduce the need for cotton harvesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In earlier stages of product development, Pembient was considering commercial products, like rhino beer and face cream made with synthetic horn. But the firm has dropped those plans and is now focused on producing solid horn. It has successfully engineered bioidentical horn powder and expects to be able to print a full horn within a year or two. The company says it will flood the market with this product, initially pricing it at one-eighth or less of the going rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>ut Pembient’s strategy places the company in the middle of a debate over how to manage a species on the brink of extinction. Armed rhino guards and would-be poachers die regularly in gunbattles. Governments battle over whether to lift the international trade ban on horn. And efforts to dehorn rhinos humanely have not been effective at deterring poaching because the horn grows back quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The international conservation community agrees that action must be taken, but many are concerned that Pembient’s plan could make matters worse by introducing new demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Synthetic rhino horn products could increase the pace of the demise of rhinos,” said John Baker, managing director of \u003ca href=\"http://wildaid.org/\" target=\"_blank\">WildAid\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based conservation nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reducing the cost will only make it accessible to many more people who could not previously afford it, just as we’re getting to a critical mass in the public perception that rhino horn is bad,” Baker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10806154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10806154\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"Crime scene investigator examines a poached rhino carcass in September 2014 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10806154\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crime scene investigator examines a poached rhino carcass in September 2014 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. \u003ccite>(Moeletsi Mabe/The Times-Gallo Images-Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Baker’s organization believes that the poaching crisis can be solved only through reducing demand and enforcing trade bans. It produces big-budget public service announcements starring the likes of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildaid.org/people/jackie-chan\" target=\"_blank\">Jackie Chan\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://wildaid.org/news/prince-williams-historic-wildlife-address-chinese-people\" target=\"_blank\">Prince William\u003c/a> to educate Asian consumers about the consequences of purchasing rhino horn as well as ivory, tiger skins and shark fin. A number of other NGOs, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/rhino\" target=\"_blank\">World Wildlife Foundation\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://rhinos.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Rhino Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetherhino.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Save the Rhino\u003c/a>, are employing similar approaches and have issued public statements voicing the same concerns over synthetic horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to WildAid surveys, many Vietnamese do not know that purchasing horn results in the death of wild rhinos or that the animal is facing the threat of extinction. Baker says that once people are informed of the facts, they stop consuming the products. He points to successful reduction in demand for other wildlife products, such as an 85 percent drop in consumption of shark fin soup in China over a recent three-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient counters that demand can never be eliminated completely, and that rising poaching rates show that existing conservation approaches are not working quickly enough. It says that demand reduction campaigns could in some cases actually create demand by focusing public attention on rhino horn. It also questions the ethics of imposing Western values on Asian traditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to make it so it’s not a zero-sum game where either the tradition dies or the rhino dies,” Bonaci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baker and others question the merit of profiting from synthetic rhino horn, and say that Pembient is trying to make money from its technology. In response, Pembient says it plans to donate a portion of revenue to anti-poverty campaigns and conservation. It also argues it will be able to attract better talent to work on the issue because it is a business and can afford to pay competitive salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents raise concerns that if there were no way to tell the difference between wild and synthetic horn, it would be impossible to regulate black market trade. Pembient plans to solve the problem by developing a way to identify synthetic horn that only law enforcement officials could recognize. Experts say this could be the most challenging component of Pembient’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People watching the issue closely believe that the survival of the rhino species hinges on decisions to be made in the next few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders will gather in Johannesburg in 2016 to consider whether to lift the global trade ban on rhino horn. A South African court is currently considering domestic legalization, with some proponents also pushing for the introduction of rhino farming. A number of wildlife managers are also experimenting with the use of drones and satellites to monitor and protect wild rhinos, to mixed success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient says its approach is uniquely sustainable and scalable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re turning the whole boat around 180 degrees from what people have been doing for the past 10 years with no results, and saying, ‘Let’s make as much horn as possible,’ ” Marcus said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Startup says it wants to undercut demand for rhino horn by flooding market with a bioengineered substitute. Conservationists aren't convinced that will help beleaguered species. ",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/mayacraig\" target=\"_blank\">Maya Craig\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>ast month at the San Diego Zoo’s Safari Park, one of the world’s four last northern white rhinos died. It was the latest dose of bad news concerning threatened rhino species in Africa and Asia that are being slaughtered by poachers supplying the lucrative black market for the animal’s horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the price of rhino horn nearing $70,000 a kilo, poaching in South Africa, where 90 percent of rhinos live today, has increased more than a hundredfold in less than a decade. In 2007, South African authorities recorded eight white rhinos killed by poachers; last year, the number was more than 1,200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First used in Chinese medicine 1,800 years ago, demand for rhino horn is now driven primarily by a surge in popularity in Vietnam. In addition to being thought of as a treatment for cancer and fever, it has emerged as a status symbol. Businessmen showcase rhino horns as trophies and shave off powder to serve in cocktails. Ingestion of the powder is also thought to alleviate hangovers and is allegedly sometimes snorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with an apparently insatiable appetite for rhino horn and poachers overwhelming South African law enforcement, the 50-million-year-old species appears headed for certain extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, a San Francisco startup is developing a technology it says could save the world's rhinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm, \u003ca href=\"http://signup.pembient.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Pembient\u003c/a>, is developing a method to 3-D print rhino horn that is genetically identical to wild horn. By supplying the black market with an indistinguishable synthetic substitute, the company thinks it can drive down the cost of horn and undercut the incentive for poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10806153\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10806153\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"Indian forestry officials stand near the carcass of a one-horned rhinoceros which was killed and de-horned by poachers in Burapahar, a range of the Kaziranga National Park, in June 2015.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10806153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indian forestry officials stand near the carcass of a one-horned rhinoceros which was killed and de-horned by poachers in Burapahar, a range of the Kaziranga National Park, in June 2015. \u003ccite>(AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pembient will act as an inexhaustible stockpile of accessible rhino horn,” said Matthew Marcus, the company’s chief executive. “If we can make a product that’s bioidentical, we can control the price of horn in the market, and then hopefully save rhinos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advances in DNA sequencing now make it possible to replicate animal products in much the same way that software is copied, said George Bonaci, co-founder of Pembient. To create the horn, Pembient embeds the rhino’s genetic code into yeast, which converts sugar into horn protein, or keratin. This is the “ink” for the 3-D printer. The printing process then melts the keratin into solid pieces of horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient was selected for the first San Francisco class of biotech accelerator Indie Bio, along with companies developing animal-free milk and egg whites from yeast, mass-produced stem cells that aim to reduce costs for stem cell research, and bioengineered textiles that aim to reduce the need for cotton harvesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In earlier stages of product development, Pembient was considering commercial products, like rhino beer and face cream made with synthetic horn. But the firm has dropped those plans and is now focused on producing solid horn. It has successfully engineered bioidentical horn powder and expects to be able to print a full horn within a year or two. The company says it will flood the market with this product, initially pricing it at one-eighth or less of the going rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>ut Pembient’s strategy places the company in the middle of a debate over how to manage a species on the brink of extinction. Armed rhino guards and would-be poachers die regularly in gunbattles. Governments battle over whether to lift the international trade ban on horn. And efforts to dehorn rhinos humanely have not been effective at deterring poaching because the horn grows back quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The international conservation community agrees that action must be taken, but many are concerned that Pembient’s plan could make matters worse by introducing new demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Synthetic rhino horn products could increase the pace of the demise of rhinos,” said John Baker, managing director of \u003ca href=\"http://wildaid.org/\" target=\"_blank\">WildAid\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based conservation nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reducing the cost will only make it accessible to many more people who could not previously afford it, just as we’re getting to a critical mass in the public perception that rhino horn is bad,” Baker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10806154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10806154\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"Crime scene investigator examines a poached rhino carcass in September 2014 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10806154\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crime scene investigator examines a poached rhino carcass in September 2014 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. \u003ccite>(Moeletsi Mabe/The Times-Gallo Images-Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Baker’s organization believes that the poaching crisis can be solved only through reducing demand and enforcing trade bans. It produces big-budget public service announcements starring the likes of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildaid.org/people/jackie-chan\" target=\"_blank\">Jackie Chan\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://wildaid.org/news/prince-williams-historic-wildlife-address-chinese-people\" target=\"_blank\">Prince William\u003c/a> to educate Asian consumers about the consequences of purchasing rhino horn as well as ivory, tiger skins and shark fin. A number of other NGOs, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/rhino\" target=\"_blank\">World Wildlife Foundation\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://rhinos.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Rhino Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetherhino.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Save the Rhino\u003c/a>, are employing similar approaches and have issued public statements voicing the same concerns over synthetic horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to WildAid surveys, many Vietnamese do not know that purchasing horn results in the death of wild rhinos or that the animal is facing the threat of extinction. Baker says that once people are informed of the facts, they stop consuming the products. He points to successful reduction in demand for other wildlife products, such as an 85 percent drop in consumption of shark fin soup in China over a recent three-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient counters that demand can never be eliminated completely, and that rising poaching rates show that existing conservation approaches are not working quickly enough. It says that demand reduction campaigns could in some cases actually create demand by focusing public attention on rhino horn. It also questions the ethics of imposing Western values on Asian traditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to make it so it’s not a zero-sum game where either the tradition dies or the rhino dies,” Bonaci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baker and others question the merit of profiting from synthetic rhino horn, and say that Pembient is trying to make money from its technology. In response, Pembient says it plans to donate a portion of revenue to anti-poverty campaigns and conservation. It also argues it will be able to attract better talent to work on the issue because it is a business and can afford to pay competitive salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents raise concerns that if there were no way to tell the difference between wild and synthetic horn, it would be impossible to regulate black market trade. Pembient plans to solve the problem by developing a way to identify synthetic horn that only law enforcement officials could recognize. Experts say this could be the most challenging component of Pembient’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People watching the issue closely believe that the survival of the rhino species hinges on decisions to be made in the next few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders will gather in Johannesburg in 2016 to consider whether to lift the global trade ban on rhino horn. A South African court is currently considering domestic legalization, with some proponents also pushing for the introduction of rhino farming. A number of wildlife managers are also experimenting with the use of drones and satellites to monitor and protect wild rhinos, to mixed success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient says its approach is uniquely sustainable and scalable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Fireball seen streaking across Arizona, Nevada, California skies was Russian rocket debris \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https://t.co/vPtpUQ3pbk\">https://t.co/vPtpUQ3pbk\u003c/a> \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https://t.co/hZY6Ocm6x0\">pic.twitter.com/hZY6Ocm6x0\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— AP West Region (@APWestRegion) \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https://twitter.com/APWestRegion/status/679709121638207488\">December 23, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>PHOENIX — The body of a Russian rocket that burned up Tuesday night as it entered the Earth’s atmosphere set off a wave of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/fireball-california-nevada-arizona-russian-rocket\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/fireball-california-nevada-arizona-russian-rocket\" target=\"_self\" title=\"That Fireball You Saw Tuesday Night? Here’s What It Was\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Fireball seen streaking across Arizona, Nevada, California skies was Russian rocket debris \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https://t.co/vPtpUQ3pbk\">https://t.co/vPtpUQ3pbk\u003c/a> \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https://t.co/hZY6Ocm6x0\">pic.twitter.com/hZY6Ocm6x0\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— AP West Region (@APWestRegion) \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https://twitter.com/APWestRegion/status/679709121638207488\">December 23, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>PHOENIX — The body of a Russian rocket that burned up Tuesday night as it entered the Earth’s atmosphere set off a wave of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/fireball-california-nevada-arizona-russian-rocket\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/fireball-california-nevada-arizona-russian-rocket\" target=\"_self\" title=\"That Fireball You Saw Tuesday Night? Here’s What It Was\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Porter Ranch Residents at Wit's End Over Months-Old Gas Leak",
"title": "Porter Ranch Residents at Wit's End Over Months-Old Gas Leak",
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"content": "\u003cp>People say the rotten-egg stench is everywhere. First it’s irritating, then sickening, then crushing, maddening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day in, day out.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katelin, 8 years old, says she can’t stand to play outside anymore. A 10-year-old boy says he hasn’t been able to pay attention at school -- all he wants to do is go home, make sure all the doors and windows are shut tight, and pull down the shades and go to sleep.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need air!” says Andrew Krowne, Katelin's father. \"You’re saying not to go outside and breathe?”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Porter Ranch neighborhood where these people live is next to SoCalGas’ Aliso Canyon Storage Facility, a complex of pumped-out oil wells in the Simi Hills, 28 miles west of downtown Los Angeles. Here, SoCalGas pumps natural gas under pressure into spongelike sandstone formations thousands of feet beneath the earth’s surface.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company first reported a leak in the facility's Well 25 on \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">Oct. 23\u003c/span>\u003c/span>, and it’s been spewing methane unchecked ever since. California Air Resources Board officials say that every day the well vents enough gas to fill the Empire State Building.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238819892\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and each month the leak in Aliso Canyon goes unchecked \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/14/the-hidden-climate-threat-that-gas-companies-noticed-but-rarely-fixed/\" target=\"_blank\">contributes the same amount to global warming\u003c/a> as adding another 200,000 cars on the road for a year, CARB spokesman David Clegern said.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As emergency crews work around the clock to stop the leak, the state official in charge of well regulation has called the accident a very unusual event that would have been hard to predict.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others say sloppy state oversight could lead to more such disasters.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This field has over 90 more wells up here that are just as old as the well that’s leaking now,” says Walker Foley, an organizer with Food & Water Watch, an environmental group. \"This field is a catastrophe waiting to happen.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QSwzgGOWjhK4WpBCIjzTLRoQSn5DWZI1\"]The gas itself is odorless, but it’s treated with mercaptans, sulfur-based odorants meant to raise an alarm when methane escapes.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Gillian Wright, SoCalGas vice president for customer services, some 20 sampling devices on and around the company’s property have failed to detect hydrocarbons, or even mercaptans, above regulatory thresholds.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though county health officials don’t expect the additives to cause any long-term illnesses, they often make people feel very ill when they’re exposed to them, said Cyrus Rangan, who heads the L.A. county health department’s Bureau of Toxicology and Environmental Assessment.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The] physiologic response is actual health symptoms that include nausea, headaches, dizziness, lightheadedness, some respiratory problems,” Rangan says. “So, they are real symptoms. They are happening every day for a lot of people, and they’re getting worse for a lot of people as well.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10805407\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10805407 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-1440x964.jpg\" alt=\"PorterRanch\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-800x536.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-768x514.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-1920x1285.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-960x643.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Porter Ranch residents and environmental activists from throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area picketed recently outside the entrance to the Aliso Canyon Storage Facility, operated by SoCalGas. A huge natural gas leak there has gone unchecked for two months. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas has paid to relocate about 2,100 families away from the putrid fumes, and there are another 550 or so on a waiting list.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A.’s city attorney has sued the company for allegedly creating a public nuisance, and \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">on Tuesday\u003c/span>\u003c/span> he \u003ca href=\"http://www.lacityattorney.org/#!Los-Angeles-City-Attorney-Mike-Feuer-Seeks-Temporary-Restraining-Order-Against-SoCal-Gas-Over-Porter-Ranch-Gas-Leak-Will-Also-Seek-to-Depose-Key-Gas-Company-Employees/c1143/5679a8dd0cf203da56e8964b\" target=\"_blank\">sought a restraining order\u003c/a> that would compel the gas company to act more quickly to find temporary shelter for people affected by the leak. City Attorney Mike Feuer argues that nobody in that situation should have to wait more than 48 hours after requesting relocation assistance.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A law firm associated with environmental activist Erin Brockovich has been signing people up for individual lawsuits, and another firm has filed a class-action case. Los Angeles school district officials have closed two campuses and authorized a possible lawsuit.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles City Councilman Mitchell Englander, who represents neighborhoods near the well, says he values the help his constituents have received, including investigations by a broad array of state agencies.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a big question that’s been looming to me from the beginning of this,” Englander told the crowd at a forum organized by Brockovich’s legal team to recruit plaintiffs for litigation. “Where’s our governor? I don’t know why he hasn’t been here on site. He’s the only that can actually declare a state of emergency if that’s truly needed. He can bring in the outside resources and contact the feds. So yeah, Jerry Brown, wherever you are, come to Porter Ranch as quickly as possible. We need your help.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Bout, assistant director for response at Brown’s Office of Emergency Services, said the leak doesn’t fit the guidelines for an emergency declaration, because SoCalGas has been paying for temporary housing and other emergency needs and because the state’s Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) already has the authority it needs.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Bohlen, state oil and gas supervisor and the head of DOGGR, says his staff tells him this kind of leak actually was hard to see coming. He ordered SoCalGas to stop pumping into any storage reservoirs around the well, to reduce pressure on the leak.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe we have some of the best advisers available, and we will work with the company to make sure they’re doing the right things that are both protecting public safety and getting the well closed as quickly as possible,” says Bohlen, who resigned on Nov. 30 but remains DOGGR's designated authority on the well leak.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornell University engineering professor Tony Ingraffea -- a former petrochemical industry insider and outspoken critic of industry practices -- says with California’s regulatory record, the Aliso Canyon leak should be no surprise.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Routine is, ‘Well, we just didn’t get around to it. We don’t have enough manpower. We didn’t get the reports on time from the company. The company failed to fill out the reports adequately.’ ” Ingraffea says. “Now that process goes on and on and on, weeks, months, years. And then something like this happens, and routine becomes negligence.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public documents included with \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653468-Porter-Ranch-Gas-Leak-Complaint-Perris.html\" target=\"_blank\">one of the lawsuits\u003c/a> show a number of wells around the leak site that are \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653467-Missing-Data.html\" target=\"_blank\">missing pressure data\u003c/a>. Bohlen says it’s not clear whether operators failed to report the data or regulators failed to record it.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just weeks before the Porter Ranch leak was reported in October, DOGGR \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653469-2015-22-DOC-Issues-Renewal-Plan-for-Oil-and-Gas.html\" target=\"_blank\">announced plans\u003c/a> to reform shortcomings in the regional office, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653498-Renewal-Plan-10-08-2015.html\" target=\"_blank\">outdated enforcement policies and sloppy record keeping\u003c/a>.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bohlen says there’s no indication yet that either state regulators or SoCalGas did anything wrong at the leak site, and he’s confident the division is correcting its past shortcomings.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have completely turned the division’s direction to being very proactive. We’re issuing many, many more orders, notices of violations and so forth,” he says.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, former oil and gas geologist Briana Mordick points out that the shaft of the well \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653471-03700776-DATA-03-19-2008.html\" target=\"_blank\">appears to be only partially reinforced with concrete\u003c/a>. Mordick is now a senior scientist with the Natural Resources Defense Council and a critic of state regulation of injection wells like the one that is leaking now.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Best practice would have more cement,” she says. “Certainly, you would want to make sure that any zones that contain fluid or things like that were shut off. One of the problems you can have in a situation where you don’t have cement is the casing could be corroding on the back side.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A SoCalGas project manager replied to an interview request with an email saying the company won’t know what caused the leak until it has completed a thorough review. That won’t happen until after the leak is plugged, the email states.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews are working around the clock to tap into the well shaft, near where it meets a subterranean reservoir. Once they hit the shaft, they’ll inject heavy mud and fluids to choke the flow of gas.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drilling could take another four months.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People say the rotten-egg stench is everywhere. First it’s irritating, then sickening, then crushing, maddening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day in, day out.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katelin, 8 years old, says she can’t stand to play outside anymore. A 10-year-old boy says he hasn’t been able to pay attention at school -- all he wants to do is go home, make sure all the doors and windows are shut tight, and pull down the shades and go to sleep.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need air!” says Andrew Krowne, Katelin's father. \"You’re saying not to go outside and breathe?”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Porter Ranch neighborhood where these people live is next to SoCalGas’ Aliso Canyon Storage Facility, a complex of pumped-out oil wells in the Simi Hills, 28 miles west of downtown Los Angeles. Here, SoCalGas pumps natural gas under pressure into spongelike sandstone formations thousands of feet beneath the earth’s surface.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company first reported a leak in the facility's Well 25 on \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">Oct. 23\u003c/span>\u003c/span>, and it’s been spewing methane unchecked ever since. California Air Resources Board officials say that every day the well vents enough gas to fill the Empire State Building.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238819892&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238819892'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and each month the leak in Aliso Canyon goes unchecked \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/14/the-hidden-climate-threat-that-gas-companies-noticed-but-rarely-fixed/\" target=\"_blank\">contributes the same amount to global warming\u003c/a> as adding another 200,000 cars on the road for a year, CARB spokesman David Clegern said.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As emergency crews work around the clock to stop the leak, the state official in charge of well regulation has called the accident a very unusual event that would have been hard to predict.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others say sloppy state oversight could lead to more such disasters.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This field has over 90 more wells up here that are just as old as the well that’s leaking now,” says Walker Foley, an organizer with Food & Water Watch, an environmental group. \"This field is a catastrophe waiting to happen.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The gas itself is odorless, but it’s treated with mercaptans, sulfur-based odorants meant to raise an alarm when methane escapes.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Gillian Wright, SoCalGas vice president for customer services, some 20 sampling devices on and around the company’s property have failed to detect hydrocarbons, or even mercaptans, above regulatory thresholds.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though county health officials don’t expect the additives to cause any long-term illnesses, they often make people feel very ill when they’re exposed to them, said Cyrus Rangan, who heads the L.A. county health department’s Bureau of Toxicology and Environmental Assessment.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The] physiologic response is actual health symptoms that include nausea, headaches, dizziness, lightheadedness, some respiratory problems,” Rangan says. “So, they are real symptoms. They are happening every day for a lot of people, and they’re getting worse for a lot of people as well.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10805407\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10805407 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-1440x964.jpg\" alt=\"PorterRanch\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-800x536.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-768x514.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-1920x1285.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch-960x643.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PorterRanch.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Porter Ranch residents and environmental activists from throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area picketed recently outside the entrance to the Aliso Canyon Storage Facility, operated by SoCalGas. A huge natural gas leak there has gone unchecked for two months. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas has paid to relocate about 2,100 families away from the putrid fumes, and there are another 550 or so on a waiting list.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A.’s city attorney has sued the company for allegedly creating a public nuisance, and \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">on Tuesday\u003c/span>\u003c/span> he \u003ca href=\"http://www.lacityattorney.org/#!Los-Angeles-City-Attorney-Mike-Feuer-Seeks-Temporary-Restraining-Order-Against-SoCal-Gas-Over-Porter-Ranch-Gas-Leak-Will-Also-Seek-to-Depose-Key-Gas-Company-Employees/c1143/5679a8dd0cf203da56e8964b\" target=\"_blank\">sought a restraining order\u003c/a> that would compel the gas company to act more quickly to find temporary shelter for people affected by the leak. City Attorney Mike Feuer argues that nobody in that situation should have to wait more than 48 hours after requesting relocation assistance.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A law firm associated with environmental activist Erin Brockovich has been signing people up for individual lawsuits, and another firm has filed a class-action case. Los Angeles school district officials have closed two campuses and authorized a possible lawsuit.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles City Councilman Mitchell Englander, who represents neighborhoods near the well, says he values the help his constituents have received, including investigations by a broad array of state agencies.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a big question that’s been looming to me from the beginning of this,” Englander told the crowd at a forum organized by Brockovich’s legal team to recruit plaintiffs for litigation. “Where’s our governor? I don’t know why he hasn’t been here on site. He’s the only that can actually declare a state of emergency if that’s truly needed. He can bring in the outside resources and contact the feds. So yeah, Jerry Brown, wherever you are, come to Porter Ranch as quickly as possible. We need your help.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Bout, assistant director for response at Brown’s Office of Emergency Services, said the leak doesn’t fit the guidelines for an emergency declaration, because SoCalGas has been paying for temporary housing and other emergency needs and because the state’s Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) already has the authority it needs.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Bohlen, state oil and gas supervisor and the head of DOGGR, says his staff tells him this kind of leak actually was hard to see coming. He ordered SoCalGas to stop pumping into any storage reservoirs around the well, to reduce pressure on the leak.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe we have some of the best advisers available, and we will work with the company to make sure they’re doing the right things that are both protecting public safety and getting the well closed as quickly as possible,” says Bohlen, who resigned on Nov. 30 but remains DOGGR's designated authority on the well leak.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornell University engineering professor Tony Ingraffea -- a former petrochemical industry insider and outspoken critic of industry practices -- says with California’s regulatory record, the Aliso Canyon leak should be no surprise.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Routine is, ‘Well, we just didn’t get around to it. We don’t have enough manpower. We didn’t get the reports on time from the company. The company failed to fill out the reports adequately.’ ” Ingraffea says. “Now that process goes on and on and on, weeks, months, years. And then something like this happens, and routine becomes negligence.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public documents included with \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653468-Porter-Ranch-Gas-Leak-Complaint-Perris.html\" target=\"_blank\">one of the lawsuits\u003c/a> show a number of wells around the leak site that are \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653467-Missing-Data.html\" target=\"_blank\">missing pressure data\u003c/a>. Bohlen says it’s not clear whether operators failed to report the data or regulators failed to record it.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just weeks before the Porter Ranch leak was reported in October, DOGGR \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653469-2015-22-DOC-Issues-Renewal-Plan-for-Oil-and-Gas.html\" target=\"_blank\">announced plans\u003c/a> to reform shortcomings in the regional office, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653498-Renewal-Plan-10-08-2015.html\" target=\"_blank\">outdated enforcement policies and sloppy record keeping\u003c/a>.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bohlen says there’s no indication yet that either state regulators or SoCalGas did anything wrong at the leak site, and he’s confident the division is correcting its past shortcomings.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have completely turned the division’s direction to being very proactive. We’re issuing many, many more orders, notices of violations and so forth,” he says.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, former oil and gas geologist Briana Mordick points out that the shaft of the well \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2653471-03700776-DATA-03-19-2008.html\" target=\"_blank\">appears to be only partially reinforced with concrete\u003c/a>. Mordick is now a senior scientist with the Natural Resources Defense Council and a critic of state regulation of injection wells like the one that is leaking now.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Best practice would have more cement,” she says. “Certainly, you would want to make sure that any zones that contain fluid or things like that were shut off. One of the problems you can have in a situation where you don’t have cement is the casing could be corroding on the back side.”\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A SoCalGas project manager replied to an interview request with an email saying the company won’t know what caused the leak until it has completed a thorough review. That won’t happen until after the leak is plugged, the email states.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews are working around the clock to tap into the well shaft, near where it meets a subterranean reservoir. Once they hit the shaft, they’ll inject heavy mud and fluids to choke the flow of gas.\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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