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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency Wednesday over a massive natural gas leak that has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\">spewing fumes into the Los Angeles neighborhood of Porter Ranch\u003c/a> for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Brown said he acted based on the requests of Porter Ranch residents and the \"prolonged and continuing\" nature of the gas blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well, at SoCalGas' nearby Aliso Canyon underground storage facility, has been spewing up to 1,200 tons of methane daily, along with other gases. The leak was first reported in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"teHgVZos0vf8TiLzUD0LAZhT6k39E61Q\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas is paying to relocate thousands of households after residents complained that the gases were making them sick. They say they have suffered nosebleeds, nausea, headaches and other ailments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County and the Los Angeles school board already have declared the crisis a state of emergency, moving students out of two schools in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles City Attorney Mike Feuer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\">filed a lawsuit against SoCalGas\u003c/a> in December, claiming the ongoing leak is worsening climate change by emitting the same amount of greenhouse gas in one hour as 200,000 cars running for one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10823875\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-10823875\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-1440x964.jpg\" alt=\"Madison Zimmitti (R) a third-grader at Castlebay Charter Elementary School, stopped attending classes after intense fumes from the gas leak made her sick, Madison’s mother says.\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-768x514.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madison Zimmitti (R) a third-grader at Castlebay Charter Elementary School, stopped attending classes after intense fumes from the gas leak made her sick, Madison’s mother says. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Resident Matt Pakucko, the head of a community group that has been pushing for the state declaration, said he cried when he heard about the governor's order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pakucko, speaking from a hotel where the gas company had moved him and his girlfriend, said he faced some doubts from his community about pressing the governor to declare an emergency. He said he had his own concerns that Brown might not take strong enough action, but was pleased in the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not worried about being validated or vindicated, but that people get what they need,\" he said. \"And that's what we've been pushing for.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's move, among other measures, directs efforts by California agencies in stopping the leak, and it orders emergency regulations for other gas storage facilities throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Aliso Canyon site is one of the country's largest underground natural gas storage facilities and can hold enough natural gas to fuel Southern California for a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown toured the site of the leak for the first time earlier this week. The governor previously has resisted local calls for a state declaration, saying he wanted to make sure the utility, rather than the state, bore the financial cost.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency Wednesday over a massive natural gas leak that has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\">spewing fumes into the Los Angeles neighborhood of Porter Ranch\u003c/a> for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Brown said he acted based on the requests of Porter Ranch residents and the \"prolonged and continuing\" nature of the gas blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well, at SoCalGas' nearby Aliso Canyon underground storage facility, has been spewing up to 1,200 tons of methane daily, along with other gases. The leak was first reported in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas is paying to relocate thousands of households after residents complained that the gases were making them sick. They say they have suffered nosebleeds, nausea, headaches and other ailments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County and the Los Angeles school board already have declared the crisis a state of emergency, moving students out of two schools in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles City Attorney Mike Feuer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\">filed a lawsuit against SoCalGas\u003c/a> in December, claiming the ongoing leak is worsening climate change by emitting the same amount of greenhouse gas in one hour as 200,000 cars running for one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10823875\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-10823875\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-1440x964.jpg\" alt=\"Madison Zimmitti (R) a third-grader at Castlebay Charter Elementary School, stopped attending classes after intense fumes from the gas leak made her sick, Madison’s mother says.\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-768x514.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PRanchProtest-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madison Zimmitti (R) a third-grader at Castlebay Charter Elementary School, stopped attending classes after intense fumes from the gas leak made her sick, Madison’s mother says. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Resident Matt Pakucko, the head of a community group that has been pushing for the state declaration, said he cried when he heard about the governor's order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pakucko, speaking from a hotel where the gas company had moved him and his girlfriend, said he faced some doubts from his community about pressing the governor to declare an emergency. He said he had his own concerns that Brown might not take strong enough action, but was pleased in the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not worried about being validated or vindicated, but that people get what they need,\" he said. \"And that's what we've been pushing for.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's move, among other measures, directs efforts by California agencies in stopping the leak, and it orders emergency regulations for other gas storage facilities throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Aliso Canyon site is one of the country's largest underground natural gas storage facilities and can hold enough natural gas to fuel Southern California for a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown toured the site of the leak for the first time earlier this week. The governor previously has resisted local calls for a state declaration, saying he wanted to make sure the utility, rather than the state, bore the financial cost.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Dispatches From a Polar Icebreaker -- And What's at Stake for Science",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The first \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/breaking-the-ice/\">in a series of dispatches\u003c/a> from freelance writer Brandon Reynolds aboard the USCG icebreaker Polar Star. The ship entered the Antarctic Circle on January 3, on its annual resupply mission to the research base, McMurdo Station. It’s a critical task imperiled by the nation’s aging, shrinking fleet of ice-breaking ships. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aboard the Disoriented Express\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s New Year’s Eve, I’m pretty sure. Since I left the United States, I’ve leapt forward a day, landed in Hobart, Tasmania, ate wallaby tacos at a food festival beside the harbor, and set sail on a ship called Polar Star, heading south to Antarctica, but because the world is round, we’re also heading east, toward South America. See for yourself. Don’t look on a map, maps lie. Look on a globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway, soon after departure came an announcement that we were leaping another two hours forward, time zones be damned, to catch up to where we’re heading. It’s the law of the sea, I suppose. Somewhere out there is ice, which will look, I imagine, like nothing so much as nothing at all — like the ocean doesn’t end so much as is erased past a certain point. Which is what the ship is here to correct, to restore ocean to the nothingness. It’s an icebreaker. On the other side of all that ice is Antarctica, where the clocks are set two hours ahead to McMurdo Standard Time, as, now, are ours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think it’s New Year’s Eve. Scheduled for later, I hear is a party out on the helipad, or the fantail, whatever the back end of the ship is. Fake champagne will be served and everyone will be caught wearing the exact same thing and no one will be scandalized by this. We’re 21 hours ahead of the West Coast, so we’re practically the first people in the world who will celebrate the new year, and so this, the uniforms and the pretending-at-booze, this is the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_452752\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-452752 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"The 40-year-old USCGC Polar Star is the nation's only remaining operational heavy icebreaker. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-400x267.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-1440x960.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-1920x1281.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039.jpeg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 40-year-old USCGC Polar Star is the nation’s only remaining operational heavy icebreaker. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Into the Deep Freeze\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This trip is called Operation Deep Freeze, this ship is called Polar Star. It belongs to the Coast Guard which means, essentially, it belongs to you, if you’re American. (This will be important to keep in mind as we consider the looming costs associated with the mission.) \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/03/aging-u-s-icebreaker-fleet-may-imperil-polar-science/\">Polar Star is a heavy icebreaker\u003c/a>, as opposed to a light or medium icebreaker, which means it can go pretty much anywhere there’s ice. Its mission is to cut a channel in the ice off the Ross Ice Shelf, where is located \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/geo/plr/support/mcmurdo.jsp\">McMurdo Station\u003c/a>, a launching point for research on the continent. Polar Star opens the channel and then “grooms” it for supply ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polar Star is going to be 40 next year. That’s old for a ship doing this kind of work. It was supposed to have been retired at 30, but the billion dollars to build a new one has not been forthcoming from Congress. Nor the hundred-plus million required to get Polar Sea, the Star’s sister ship, back up and running. Right now she’s in semi-permanent hibernation in a dry-dock somewhere in Portland. Polar Star cannibalizes Polar Sea for parts, like a twin devouring its mate in utero, which gosh is a lurid image, and I’m sorry. It’s the vulgarity of the sea, I suppose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_460496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-460496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-800x1035.jpeg\" alt=\"About a week after sailing from Tasmania, the Polar Star entered the ice fields and began breaking a channel into McMurdo Sound.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-800x1035.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-400x518.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-768x994.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-1440x1864.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-1920x2485.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-1180x1527.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-960x1242.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About a week after sailing from Tasmania, the Polar Star entered the ice fields and began breaking a channel into McMurdo Sound. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right, so: what am I doing here. I’ll be sailing with Polar Star and its 160 souls for the next two months, from Hobart to McMurdo, from McMurdo to Valparaiso, Chile. Here come stories about small-town kids embroiled in adventure, about the various species of seasickness (everyone suffers differently, together), about how the ship is slowly but surely, a circuit board here, a screw there, becoming a different ship, and about a small community as far away as you can possibly be and still be on Earth. They’re going to a place whose importance in the future of the planet is a thing of some debate, climate-wise, and so the ship’s importance is also a thing worth considering. There will be stories about Antarctica, too, we all hope, which is its own strange world of strong personalities, scientific endeavor, and (I have to assume) beards, all built upon the immortal ruins of older attempts at discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What else. Getting these dispatches out is its own saga, involving orbital satellites and obscure communications companies and the preciousness of bandwidth. But hopefully there will be some delightful melange of word/photo/audio/video, in descending order of probability. We are very far away, I must stress that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Confession\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I fell asleep an hour before midnight because my head’s still ascramble and every day further south, night grows shorter until it’ll cease to be. I awoke to a shadowy sailor at the threshold, saying something about something I needed to see right away. What time is it, I asked, like that made any difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Next: Mystery from the Sky!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brandon R. Reynolds lives in Los Angeles but currently summers in the Antarctic Circle. He has written for San Francisco Magazine, SF Weekly, The Atlantic, and Oxford American (not the dictionary). On Twitter @sonnyborderland.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The first \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/breaking-the-ice/\">in a series of dispatches\u003c/a> from freelance writer Brandon Reynolds aboard the USCG icebreaker Polar Star. The ship entered the Antarctic Circle on January 3, on its annual resupply mission to the research base, McMurdo Station. It’s a critical task imperiled by the nation’s aging, shrinking fleet of ice-breaking ships. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aboard the Disoriented Express\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s New Year’s Eve, I’m pretty sure. Since I left the United States, I’ve leapt forward a day, landed in Hobart, Tasmania, ate wallaby tacos at a food festival beside the harbor, and set sail on a ship called Polar Star, heading south to Antarctica, but because the world is round, we’re also heading east, toward South America. See for yourself. Don’t look on a map, maps lie. Look on a globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway, soon after departure came an announcement that we were leaping another two hours forward, time zones be damned, to catch up to where we’re heading. It’s the law of the sea, I suppose. Somewhere out there is ice, which will look, I imagine, like nothing so much as nothing at all — like the ocean doesn’t end so much as is erased past a certain point. Which is what the ship is here to correct, to restore ocean to the nothingness. It’s an icebreaker. On the other side of all that ice is Antarctica, where the clocks are set two hours ahead to McMurdo Standard Time, as, now, are ours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think it’s New Year’s Eve. Scheduled for later, I hear is a party out on the helipad, or the fantail, whatever the back end of the ship is. Fake champagne will be served and everyone will be caught wearing the exact same thing and no one will be scandalized by this. We’re 21 hours ahead of the West Coast, so we’re practically the first people in the world who will celebrate the new year, and so this, the uniforms and the pretending-at-booze, this is the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_452752\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-452752 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"The 40-year-old USCGC Polar Star is the nation's only remaining operational heavy icebreaker. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-400x267.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-1440x960.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-1920x1281.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC00039.jpeg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 40-year-old USCGC Polar Star is the nation’s only remaining operational heavy icebreaker. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Into the Deep Freeze\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This trip is called Operation Deep Freeze, this ship is called Polar Star. It belongs to the Coast Guard which means, essentially, it belongs to you, if you’re American. (This will be important to keep in mind as we consider the looming costs associated with the mission.) \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/03/aging-u-s-icebreaker-fleet-may-imperil-polar-science/\">Polar Star is a heavy icebreaker\u003c/a>, as opposed to a light or medium icebreaker, which means it can go pretty much anywhere there’s ice. Its mission is to cut a channel in the ice off the Ross Ice Shelf, where is located \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/geo/plr/support/mcmurdo.jsp\">McMurdo Station\u003c/a>, a launching point for research on the continent. Polar Star opens the channel and then “grooms” it for supply ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polar Star is going to be 40 next year. That’s old for a ship doing this kind of work. It was supposed to have been retired at 30, but the billion dollars to build a new one has not been forthcoming from Congress. Nor the hundred-plus million required to get Polar Sea, the Star’s sister ship, back up and running. Right now she’s in semi-permanent hibernation in a dry-dock somewhere in Portland. Polar Star cannibalizes Polar Sea for parts, like a twin devouring its mate in utero, which gosh is a lurid image, and I’m sorry. It’s the vulgarity of the sea, I suppose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_460496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-460496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-800x1035.jpeg\" alt=\"About a week after sailing from Tasmania, the Polar Star entered the ice fields and began breaking a channel into McMurdo Sound.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-800x1035.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-400x518.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-768x994.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-1440x1864.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-1920x2485.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-1180x1527.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/PolarStarRt_1-2dates-960x1242.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About a week after sailing from Tasmania, the Polar Star entered the ice fields and began breaking a channel into McMurdo Sound. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right, so: what am I doing here. I’ll be sailing with Polar Star and its 160 souls for the next two months, from Hobart to McMurdo, from McMurdo to Valparaiso, Chile. Here come stories about small-town kids embroiled in adventure, about the various species of seasickness (everyone suffers differently, together), about how the ship is slowly but surely, a circuit board here, a screw there, becoming a different ship, and about a small community as far away as you can possibly be and still be on Earth. They’re going to a place whose importance in the future of the planet is a thing of some debate, climate-wise, and so the ship’s importance is also a thing worth considering. There will be stories about Antarctica, too, we all hope, which is its own strange world of strong personalities, scientific endeavor, and (I have to assume) beards, all built upon the immortal ruins of older attempts at discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What else. Getting these dispatches out is its own saga, involving orbital satellites and obscure communications companies and the preciousness of bandwidth. But hopefully there will be some delightful melange of word/photo/audio/video, in descending order of probability. We are very far away, I must stress that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Confession\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I fell asleep an hour before midnight because my head’s still ascramble and every day further south, night grows shorter until it’ll cease to be. I awoke to a shadowy sailor at the threshold, saying something about something I needed to see right away. What time is it, I asked, like that made any difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Next: Mystery from the Sky!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brandon R. Reynolds lives in Los Angeles but currently summers in the Antarctic Circle. He has written for San Francisco Magazine, SF Weekly, The Atlantic, and Oxford American (not the dictionary). On Twitter @sonnyborderland.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Californians \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/2016jan/010416_november_2015_factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">saved less water\u003c/a> in November 2015 than in any month since \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/emergency_regulation.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mandatory cutbacks took effect\u003c/a> last June, and two percent less than what we saved in November 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 262 water suppliers met their conservation standard in November; that’s 11 fewer than June 2015, the very first month of mandatory conservation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, California is still on target with a cumulative savings of just over 26 percent, thanks to strong conservation in previous months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/November-conservation.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-454524\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/November-conservation.jpg\" alt=\"November conservation\" width=\"676\" height=\"331\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-454524\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/November-conservation.jpg 676w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/November-conservation-400x196.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that winter rains have arrived, it’s a bit tougher to save water; you can’t just cut back on the lawn and garden. But there’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/factsheet_indoors.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plenty to do indoors\u003c/a>, where conservation in the next two months might make the difference between missing the statewide conservation goal of 25 percent, and hitting it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/2016jan/010416_november_2015_factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">saved less water\u003c/a> in November 2015 than in any month since \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/emergency_regulation.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mandatory cutbacks took effect\u003c/a> last June, and two percent less than what we saved in November 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 262 water suppliers met their conservation standard in November; that’s 11 fewer than June 2015, the very first month of mandatory conservation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, California is still on target with a cumulative savings of just over 26 percent, thanks to strong conservation in previous months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/November-conservation.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-454524\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/November-conservation.jpg\" alt=\"November conservation\" width=\"676\" height=\"331\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-454524\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/November-conservation.jpg 676w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/November-conservation-400x196.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that winter rains have arrived, it’s a bit tougher to save water; you can’t just cut back on the lawn and garden. But there’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/factsheet_indoors.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plenty to do indoors\u003c/a>, where conservation in the next two months might make the difference between missing the statewide conservation goal of 25 percent, and hitting it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/7-things-to-know-about-this-weekends-big-california-storm/\" target=\"_blank\">bracing for floods\u003c/a> as an atmospheric river bears down upon the Golden State. While the whole Bay Area is likely to see some rain, forecasters expect that the storm center will hit Santa Cruz and move toward the Sierra this weekend.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency tracks areas vulnerable to a 100-year flood, or a flood that has \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood-handout-042610.pdf\">a 1 percent chance of occurring in any given year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in a 100-year flood zone FEMA requires you to purchase flood insurance. The agency's data show that populated areas around the state are at risk. A much broader swath of the state is vulnerable in a 500-year flood, but insurance isn't required in those areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the maps for San Francisco, Humboldt and Placer counties are preliminary. We do not currently have maps available for Alpine County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter your address or location below to see whether you live in a flood zone. Go to FEMA's website to see \u003ca href=\"http://fema.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=cbe088e7c8704464aa0fc34eb99e7f30\" target=\"_blank\">all mapped flood zones\u003c/a> and learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\" target=\"_blank\">flood mapping and insurance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir][floodZone]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Take a trip to Recology’s Recycle Central, where San Francisco’s waste is sorted and sent off for processing. This week on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we answer a question from Noe Valley resident Charlie Spiegel, who wondered where his recycling ends up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]C[/dropcap]harlie Spiegel is one of those people obsessed with getting recycling right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the peanut butter canister. If I throw this into the recycling — this plastic thing that’s got peanut butter in it — I have no idea what they do with it,” he says, as he stands in the kitchen of his Noe Valley home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s pulling empty glass and plastic containers out of his dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you really wash these things?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, yeah,” he says. “And then they come out melted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie has \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of questions when it comes to recycling. Like what happens to stuff that can’t be recycled that gets mixed up in the blue bins? Does he need to continue washing his plastics and jars? And what do those numbers on the bottom of his plastics mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/15/quiz-test-your-recycling-i-q/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take Our Recycling Quiz\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Test your recycling I.Q. to see how well you know San Francisco’s recycling rules.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>Is Rinsing Recyclables Necessary?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The answers to all of Charlie’s questions were at Recology’s recycling center at Pier 96 near Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the 200,000-square-foot warehouse, I meet Robert Reed, a project manager for Recology. He takes me to an open room called the tipping floor, where the recycling trucks first dump their contents after they leave your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55yXRsIX30A\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic water bottles, cardboard Amazon boxes, plastic bags and soup containers are corralled by tractors into colossal 30-foot mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six hundred tons of material come through the tipping floor each day, says Robert. That’s equivalent to the weight of 38 Muni buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I bring up Charlie’s first question: Do people need to rinse their recyclables?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Definitely don’t recycle:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plastic Bags:\u003c/strong> They clog up Recology’s machines so toss them in the trash.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wire Coat Hangers:\u003c/strong> These also damage the machines, so throw them out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Greasy pizza boxes:\u003c/strong> The greasy bottom is compostable, the clean top can be recycled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Styrofoam:\u003c/strong> This isn’t recyclable anywhere so make sure it ends up in the garbage.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He says a \u003cem>half-full\u003c/em> jar of peanut butter would be too much, but their equipment is prepared to handle some residue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Recology does ask people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/faq/do-i-have-to-rinse-jars-bottles-and-cans/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">rinse out\u003c/a> their plastics because it can pose a problem for \u003cem>paper\u003c/em> products in single-stream recycling. If the food residue gets onto paper in your bin, it could make that paper non-recyclable. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How The Recycling Is Sorted\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We leave the tipping floor, and follow the recyclables as they are scooped onto conveyor belts moving up toward a second floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna Banks is hand-sorting the material as it comes down the conveyer belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got here at 3:45 a.m.,” she says. “It’s a hard shift because you gotta get used to waking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s dusty and loud at the plant — so loud, you can’t hear a person 5 feet away from you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799481 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Ayanna_sorting_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-400x223.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1440x803.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1920x1071.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1180x658.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-960x535.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ayanna Banks has seen some pretty unusual stuff come through the line — like car bumpers and a bank safe. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, Ayanna has her headphones and there’s one type of music that keeps her going — gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s mostly what I listen to in the morning, keep my spirits up,” laughs Ayanna, who says she likes to sing along, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna removes aluminum and cardboard from the paper, and separates out the trash, which is tossed into a chute for the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paper goes straight to a high-density bailer, and plastics head toward one of the coolest machines in the whole warehouse — an optical sorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799479\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799479 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg\" alt=\"Sorting_star\" width=\"400\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-768x957.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-960x1197.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some parts of the recycling process are done by hand. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You can see how it hits certain items with a puff of air,” says Robert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine works like a human eyeball, visually sorting the plastics by color and type. As the plastics approach the end of the conveyor belt, the machine shoots puffs of air at each item to direct it toward a bin of similar plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they’re baled and sent to Central California, where they’ll be turned into new products, like new recycling bins or water bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>And What About Those Numbers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Charlie’s final question was about those hard-to-decode numbers on the bottom of most plastics. Robert says those matter at other recycling plants, but not here in San Francisco. Recology can process any hard plastics it receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… Even if they’re melted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reporting Back to Charlie\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I returned to Charlie’s house, I opened my laptop and played a video we took of the recycling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wow, labor intensive, my God they’re picking out stuff as they go … wow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked if it’s what he imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing the volumes they’re going through,” says Charlie. “And it’s amazing to me how labor intensive it is, ‘cuz I just had no idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I told him that food residue isn’t an issue, he was elated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He can finally stop melting his plastic jars in the dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story said Recology users did not need to rinse out plastic recyclables. Recology has since updated its guidelines to ask users to rinse food residue from plastics to avoid contaminating paper recyclables.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want KQED’s Bay Curious team to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Ask!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799483 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"Wall of aluminum_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-400x224.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-768x430.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-960x538.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An eddy-current separator repels aluminum cans off the line. They are then baled and sent to foundries in Tennessee. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Take a trip to Recology’s Recycle Central, where San Francisco’s waste is sorted and sent off for processing. This week on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we answer a question from Noe Valley resident Charlie Spiegel, who wondered where his recycling ends up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">C\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>harlie Spiegel is one of those people obsessed with getting recycling right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the peanut butter canister. If I throw this into the recycling — this plastic thing that’s got peanut butter in it — I have no idea what they do with it,” he says, as he stands in the kitchen of his Noe Valley home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s pulling empty glass and plastic containers out of his dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you really wash these things?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, yeah,” he says. “And then they come out melted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie has \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of questions when it comes to recycling. Like what happens to stuff that can’t be recycled that gets mixed up in the blue bins? Does he need to continue washing his plastics and jars? And what do those numbers on the bottom of his plastics mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/15/quiz-test-your-recycling-i-q/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take Our Recycling Quiz\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Test your recycling I.Q. to see how well you know San Francisco’s recycling rules.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>Is Rinsing Recyclables Necessary?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The answers to all of Charlie’s questions were at Recology’s recycling center at Pier 96 near Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the 200,000-square-foot warehouse, I meet Robert Reed, a project manager for Recology. He takes me to an open room called the tipping floor, where the recycling trucks first dump their contents after they leave your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Plastic water bottles, cardboard Amazon boxes, plastic bags and soup containers are corralled by tractors into colossal 30-foot mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six hundred tons of material come through the tipping floor each day, says Robert. That’s equivalent to the weight of 38 Muni buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I bring up Charlie’s first question: Do people need to rinse their recyclables?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Definitely don’t recycle:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plastic Bags:\u003c/strong> They clog up Recology’s machines so toss them in the trash.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wire Coat Hangers:\u003c/strong> These also damage the machines, so throw them out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Greasy pizza boxes:\u003c/strong> The greasy bottom is compostable, the clean top can be recycled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Styrofoam:\u003c/strong> This isn’t recyclable anywhere so make sure it ends up in the garbage.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He says a \u003cem>half-full\u003c/em> jar of peanut butter would be too much, but their equipment is prepared to handle some residue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Recology does ask people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/faq/do-i-have-to-rinse-jars-bottles-and-cans/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">rinse out\u003c/a> their plastics because it can pose a problem for \u003cem>paper\u003c/em> products in single-stream recycling. If the food residue gets onto paper in your bin, it could make that paper non-recyclable. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How The Recycling Is Sorted\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We leave the tipping floor, and follow the recyclables as they are scooped onto conveyor belts moving up toward a second floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna Banks is hand-sorting the material as it comes down the conveyer belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got here at 3:45 a.m.,” she says. “It’s a hard shift because you gotta get used to waking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s dusty and loud at the plant — so loud, you can’t hear a person 5 feet away from you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799481 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Ayanna_sorting_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-400x223.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1440x803.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1920x1071.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1180x658.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-960x535.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ayanna Banks has seen some pretty unusual stuff come through the line — like car bumpers and a bank safe. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, Ayanna has her headphones and there’s one type of music that keeps her going — gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s mostly what I listen to in the morning, keep my spirits up,” laughs Ayanna, who says she likes to sing along, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna removes aluminum and cardboard from the paper, and separates out the trash, which is tossed into a chute for the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paper goes straight to a high-density bailer, and plastics head toward one of the coolest machines in the whole warehouse — an optical sorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799479\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799479 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg\" alt=\"Sorting_star\" width=\"400\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-768x957.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-960x1197.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some parts of the recycling process are done by hand. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You can see how it hits certain items with a puff of air,” says Robert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine works like a human eyeball, visually sorting the plastics by color and type. As the plastics approach the end of the conveyor belt, the machine shoots puffs of air at each item to direct it toward a bin of similar plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they’re baled and sent to Central California, where they’ll be turned into new products, like new recycling bins or water bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>And What About Those Numbers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Charlie’s final question was about those hard-to-decode numbers on the bottom of most plastics. Robert says those matter at other recycling plants, but not here in San Francisco. Recology can process any hard plastics it receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… Even if they’re melted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reporting Back to Charlie\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I returned to Charlie’s house, I opened my laptop and played a video we took of the recycling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wow, labor intensive, my God they’re picking out stuff as they go … wow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked if it’s what he imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing the volumes they’re going through,” says Charlie. “And it’s amazing to me how labor intensive it is, ‘cuz I just had no idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I told him that food residue isn’t an issue, he was elated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He can finally stop melting his plastic jars in the dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story said Recology users did not need to rinse out plastic recyclables. Recology has since updated its guidelines to ask users to rinse food residue from plastics to avoid contaminating paper recyclables.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want KQED’s Bay Curious team to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Ask!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799483 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"Wall of aluminum_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-400x224.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-768x430.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-960x538.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An eddy-current separator repels aluminum cans off the line. They are then baled and sent to foundries in Tennessee. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/12/OceanSoundscapesMiller.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Undersea sounds from Monterey Bay provided by Dave Cade and Hopkins Marine Station.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATED 6/1/16: The Obama Administration on Wednesday released its first-ever comprehensive strategy for reducing undersea noise pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noise is becoming ever more “pervasive” in the ocean, says Michael Jasny, who directs the Marine Mammal Protection Project for the Natural Resources Defense Council. He says ocean noise from shipping, naval sonar and industrial operations has been doubling every ten years for several decades, interfering with marine animals’ ability to find food and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a problem that is intensifying,’” he says. “The science has made clear that it has to be dealt with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason says the patchwork of laws governing ocean noise have not been joined by a single strategy. While NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://cetsound.noaa.gov/Assets/cetsound/documents/Roadmap/ONS_Draft_Roadmap_Complete_May31.pdf\">140-page plan\u003c/a> stops short of establishing any actual rules, environmentalists say it’s a good start toward “concrete action” to muffle the ocean soundscape.\u003cbr>\nThe draft “roadmap” could eventually lead to actions such as placing speed limits on merchant ships in some areas, or re-drawing shipping lanes to minimize impacts on marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ORIGINAL POST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When one of the world’s largest container ships passed under the Golden Gate Bridge on New Year’s Eve, it raised the curtain on a new era for West Coast container ports — and raised new anxiety for marine biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s a lot of noise in the ocean and the oceans have been getting noisier.’\u003ccite>Danielle Lipski, NOAA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long been concerned about the impacts of noise pollution on undersea ecosystems. A wide variety of marine animals, from whales to snapping shrimp, depend on sound to navigate, communicate, and even survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_496725\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 3851px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-496725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886.jpg\" alt=\"The Ultra-Large Container Ship Benjamin Franklin enters San Francisco Bay on December 31, 2015, the largest cargo ship ever to pass under the Golden Gate Bridge.\" width=\"3851\" height=\"2886\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886.jpg 3851w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1440x1079.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3851px) 100vw, 3851px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ultra-Large Container Ship Benjamin Franklin enters San Francisco Bay on December 31, 2015, the largest cargo ship ever to pass under the Golden Gate Bridge. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At a very basic level, we know that these animals use sound as we use light,” says Brandon Southall, a marine consultant and research associate at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “It’s their fundamental essential mode of communication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While environmentalists have fought epic battles with the U.S. Navy over interference from sonar, Southall says the growth of commercial shipping poses by far the biggest threat to the undersea soundscape, from the noise ships generate simply by moving through the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an overall length of 1,300 feet, the ULCS (Ultra-Large Container Ship) \u003ca href=\"http://maritimematters.com/2015/12/cma-cgm-benjamin-franklin-gets-hollywood-welcome/\">Benjamin Franklin\u003c/a> is the biggest ship ever to call at a North American port — 200 feet longer than the Navy’s newest, biggest aircraft carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445290\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 473px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-445290\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-445290\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"NOAA scientist Danielle Lipski (foreground) and technicians aboard the R/V Fulmar prepare to deploy an undersea sound-recording station that will capture sounds for two years before floating back to the ocean's surface.\" width=\"473\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA scientist Danielle Lipski (foreground) and technicians aboard the R/V Fulmar prepare to deploy an undersea sound-recording station that will capture sounds for two years before floating back to the ocean’s surface. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When fully loaded, the Franklin has a draft of 52 feet — it’s like dragging a 5-story building along underwater. That takes giant propellers and a huge amount of power to move. And all of that generates low-frequency noise below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other things in the ocean make sound,” says Southall, “but shipping is the overwhelmingly dominant component of the noise that people put into the ocean in places like San Francisco Bay here, where you have all the ships coming in and out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ship’s operators say the Franklin is designed to be more than compliant with new international guidelines for minimizing ship noise below the water line. But the guidelines are voluntary, and there’s no assurance that other shippers will follow suit, especially in retrofitting older ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Lloyd’s Register, total tonnage of the global merchant shipping fleet is expected to double by 2030 (v. 2010). That would mean more ships and bigger ships. The number of large container ships could multiply six times, driven by growing populations, rising consumerism and increased global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445524\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489.jpeg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-445524\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-445524\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-800x4186.jpeg\" alt=\"NOAA is building out a network of undersea listening stations along both U.S. coasts.\" width=\"324\" height=\"1695\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-800x4186.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-400x2093.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-768x4018.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-1440x7535.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-1180x6174.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-960x5023.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA is building out a network of undersea listening stations along both U.S. coasts. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response, scientists are deploying a network of undersea listening stations to develop a more complete “picture” of ocean soundscapes and how they’re changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of noise in the ocean and the oceans have been getting noisier,” researcher Danielle Lipski told me as the NOAA research vessel R/V Fulmar was about to cast off from Bodega Bay in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipski’s mission on that day was to deploy the newest in a network of underwater listening devices, this one about 20 miles off of Pt. Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that there are ships and we know that there are whales,” she said, “but we don’t really understand the soundscape there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipski says sound — especially in the low-frequency range where whales vocalize — can travel hundreds or even thousands of kilometers underwater, depending on a variety of factors such as the contours of the sea floor, water salinity and even temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/\">Pacific Marine Environmental Lab\u003c/a> hope this undersea “surround sound” will reveal, among other things, how much noise pollution is being generated by shipping lanes that cut through the \u003ca href=\"http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\">Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that I think we’ll get a pretty good idea of how that sound is affecting the habitat quality of the animals that are in the sanctuary,” Lipski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answers won’t come quickly. The listening station, anchored to the sea floor in more than 1,600 feet of water, cannot transmit, so it will continue recording sounds for two years. Only then will scientists retrieve the hydrophone and begin to analyze what they’ve got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having two years’ worth of data’s gonna be a really rich data set for us to understand the types of sounds that change seasonally and year-to-year,” Lipski told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, scientists can make recommendations for things like where to expand shipping lanes — and where not to — and fine-tune new international guidelines for making the ships themselves quieter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444036\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-444036 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-800x397.png\" alt=\"NOAA is building out a network of sound-gathering stations along both U.S. coasts.\" width=\"800\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-800x397.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-400x199.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-768x381.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-1440x715.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-1180x586.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-960x477.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA is building out a network of sound-gathering stations along both U.S. coasts. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, things continue to amp up under the waves. From a whale’s perspective, Southall likens it to living in a city undergoing rapid growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s in a place that is loud and dynamic but it didn’t have this whole component of ships, boats, echo sounders — you know, just human presence — in the lifespan of some of these 150-year-old animals,” Southall said. “Their whole environment has gone from a rural area to a busy city, if they live near shipping lanes.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Undersea sounds from Monterey Bay provided by Dave Cade and Hopkins Marine Station.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATED 6/1/16: The Obama Administration on Wednesday released its first-ever comprehensive strategy for reducing undersea noise pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noise is becoming ever more “pervasive” in the ocean, says Michael Jasny, who directs the Marine Mammal Protection Project for the Natural Resources Defense Council. He says ocean noise from shipping, naval sonar and industrial operations has been doubling every ten years for several decades, interfering with marine animals’ ability to find food and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a problem that is intensifying,’” he says. “The science has made clear that it has to be dealt with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason says the patchwork of laws governing ocean noise have not been joined by a single strategy. While NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://cetsound.noaa.gov/Assets/cetsound/documents/Roadmap/ONS_Draft_Roadmap_Complete_May31.pdf\">140-page plan\u003c/a> stops short of establishing any actual rules, environmentalists say it’s a good start toward “concrete action” to muffle the ocean soundscape.\u003cbr>\nThe draft “roadmap” could eventually lead to actions such as placing speed limits on merchant ships in some areas, or re-drawing shipping lanes to minimize impacts on marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ORIGINAL POST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When one of the world’s largest container ships passed under the Golden Gate Bridge on New Year’s Eve, it raised the curtain on a new era for West Coast container ports — and raised new anxiety for marine biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s a lot of noise in the ocean and the oceans have been getting noisier.’\u003ccite>Danielle Lipski, NOAA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long been concerned about the impacts of noise pollution on undersea ecosystems. A wide variety of marine animals, from whales to snapping shrimp, depend on sound to navigate, communicate, and even survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_496725\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 3851px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-496725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886.jpg\" alt=\"The Ultra-Large Container Ship Benjamin Franklin enters San Francisco Bay on December 31, 2015, the largest cargo ship ever to pass under the Golden Gate Bridge.\" width=\"3851\" height=\"2886\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886.jpg 3851w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1440x1079.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/IMG_5886-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3851px) 100vw, 3851px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ultra-Large Container Ship Benjamin Franklin enters San Francisco Bay on December 31, 2015, the largest cargo ship ever to pass under the Golden Gate Bridge. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At a very basic level, we know that these animals use sound as we use light,” says Brandon Southall, a marine consultant and research associate at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “It’s their fundamental essential mode of communication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While environmentalists have fought epic battles with the U.S. Navy over interference from sonar, Southall says the growth of commercial shipping poses by far the biggest threat to the undersea soundscape, from the noise ships generate simply by moving through the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an overall length of 1,300 feet, the ULCS (Ultra-Large Container Ship) \u003ca href=\"http://maritimematters.com/2015/12/cma-cgm-benjamin-franklin-gets-hollywood-welcome/\">Benjamin Franklin\u003c/a> is the biggest ship ever to call at a North American port — 200 feet longer than the Navy’s newest, biggest aircraft carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445290\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 473px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-445290\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-445290\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"NOAA scientist Danielle Lipski (foreground) and technicians aboard the R/V Fulmar prepare to deploy an undersea sound-recording station that will capture sounds for two years before floating back to the ocean's surface.\" width=\"473\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS17929_IMG_3972-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA scientist Danielle Lipski (foreground) and technicians aboard the R/V Fulmar prepare to deploy an undersea sound-recording station that will capture sounds for two years before floating back to the ocean’s surface. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When fully loaded, the Franklin has a draft of 52 feet — it’s like dragging a 5-story building along underwater. That takes giant propellers and a huge amount of power to move. And all of that generates low-frequency noise below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other things in the ocean make sound,” says Southall, “but shipping is the overwhelmingly dominant component of the noise that people put into the ocean in places like San Francisco Bay here, where you have all the ships coming in and out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ship’s operators say the Franklin is designed to be more than compliant with new international guidelines for minimizing ship noise below the water line. But the guidelines are voluntary, and there’s no assurance that other shippers will follow suit, especially in retrofitting older ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Lloyd’s Register, total tonnage of the global merchant shipping fleet is expected to double by 2030 (v. 2010). That would mean more ships and bigger ships. The number of large container ships could multiply six times, driven by growing populations, rising consumerism and increased global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445524\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489.jpeg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-445524\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-445524\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-800x4186.jpeg\" alt=\"NOAA is building out a network of undersea listening stations along both U.S. coasts.\" width=\"324\" height=\"1695\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-800x4186.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-400x2093.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-768x4018.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-1440x7535.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-1180x6174.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/BuoyFINAL-e1451602701489-960x5023.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA is building out a network of undersea listening stations along both U.S. coasts. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response, scientists are deploying a network of undersea listening stations to develop a more complete “picture” of ocean soundscapes and how they’re changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of noise in the ocean and the oceans have been getting noisier,” researcher Danielle Lipski told me as the NOAA research vessel R/V Fulmar was about to cast off from Bodega Bay in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipski’s mission on that day was to deploy the newest in a network of underwater listening devices, this one about 20 miles off of Pt. Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that there are ships and we know that there are whales,” she said, “but we don’t really understand the soundscape there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipski says sound — especially in the low-frequency range where whales vocalize — can travel hundreds or even thousands of kilometers underwater, depending on a variety of factors such as the contours of the sea floor, water salinity and even temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/\">Pacific Marine Environmental Lab\u003c/a> hope this undersea “surround sound” will reveal, among other things, how much noise pollution is being generated by shipping lanes that cut through the \u003ca href=\"http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\">Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that I think we’ll get a pretty good idea of how that sound is affecting the habitat quality of the animals that are in the sanctuary,” Lipski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answers won’t come quickly. The listening station, anchored to the sea floor in more than 1,600 feet of water, cannot transmit, so it will continue recording sounds for two years. Only then will scientists retrieve the hydrophone and begin to analyze what they’ve got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having two years’ worth of data’s gonna be a really rich data set for us to understand the types of sounds that change seasonally and year-to-year,” Lipski told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, scientists can make recommendations for things like where to expand shipping lanes — and where not to — and fine-tune new international guidelines for making the ships themselves quieter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444036\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-444036 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-800x397.png\" alt=\"NOAA is building out a network of sound-gathering stations along both U.S. coasts.\" width=\"800\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-800x397.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-400x199.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-768x381.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-1440x715.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-1180x586.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAASoundBuoymap-960x477.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA is building out a network of sound-gathering stations along both U.S. coasts. \u003ccite>(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, things continue to amp up under the waves. From a whale’s perspective, Southall likens it to living in a city undergoing rapid growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s in a place that is loud and dynamic but it didn’t have this whole component of ships, boats, echo sounders — you know, just human presence — in the lifespan of some of these 150-year-old animals,” Southall said. “Their whole environment has gone from a rural area to a busy city, if they live near shipping lanes.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was a big year, legislatively, in Sacramento: With the budget wrapped up in June, lawmakers passed hundreds of laws dealing with everything from climate change to workers rights. Here’s KQED’s annual roundup of highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these bills take effect Jan. 1, unless we note otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp><iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/1/1/the-biggest-new-laws-of-2016\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/1/1/the-biggest-new-laws-of-2016\" target=\"_self\" title=\"The Most Significant New Laws of 2016\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:50 a.m. Tuesday:\u003c/strong> Using a kayak to get the seal to move its 900 pounds where rescuers wanted it to go didn’t work. Thus, Plan B: sedation and transportation to Point Reyes, where presumably an elephant seal can make a happier home than on the side of the highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterinarians \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/x29/elephant-seal-that-tried-to-cross-highway-37-doesnt-want-to-go-video\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/x29/elephant-seal-that-tried-to-cross-highway-37-doesnt-want-to-go-video\" target=\"_self\" title=\"All’s Well That Ends Well for Highway 37 Elephant Seal (Video)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:50 a.m. Tuesday:\u003c/strong> Using a kayak to get the seal to move its 900 pounds where rescuers wanted it to go didn’t work. Thus, Plan B: sedation and transportation to Point Reyes, where presumably an elephant seal can make a happier home than on the side of the highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterinarians \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/x29/elephant-seal-that-tried-to-cross-highway-37-doesnt-want-to-go-video\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/x29/elephant-seal-that-tried-to-cross-highway-37-doesnt-want-to-go-video\" target=\"_self\" title=\"All’s Well That Ends Well for Highway 37 Elephant Seal (Video)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:50 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> Using a kayak to get the seal to move its 900 pounds where rescuers wanted it to go didn't work. Thus, Plan B: sedation and transportation to Point Reyes, where presumably an elephant seal can make a happier home than on the side of the highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterinarians from the Marine Mammal Center confirmed that the elephant seal is healthy, and also that she is pregnant, as had been speculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Vets sedated the persistent elephant seal attempting to cross a Sonoma Co. highway: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/jUZc5ud3Ae\">https://t.co/jUZc5ud3Ae\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/M3MJN7ySpz\">https://t.co/M3MJN7ySpz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— ABC7 News (@abc7newsBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/abc7newsBayArea/status/681982061805080578\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boy, did our \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q=elephant%20seal%20highway%2037&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter feed\u003c/a> ever blow up today with news about that Highway 37 elephant seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To catch you all up, the elephant seal caused a traffic jam yesterday at Highway 37 near Tolay Creek in Sonoma County, when she repeatedly tried to cross the two-lane expressway and climb over the center divider. Motorists who stopped and tried to help reported that she attacked their vehicles, the California Highway Patrol said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d25106.571298235816!2d-122.45634459583198!3d38.13271870051748!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8085a15b9ac1313b%3A0x2b9f45812629e84!2sTolay+Creek%2C+California!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1451428001931\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials were able to steer her back into an inlet, but rescuers from the Marine Mammal Center want to coax her out to the open water of San Pablo Bay. But the center said this afternoon that \"multiple attempts\" by its rescue team this morning failed to do just that. Personnel will make another go of it this afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TMMC\">@TMMC\u003c/a> staffers say it could take a couple days to move this stubborn 900 lb. elephant seal \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kron4news\">@kron4news\u003c/a> WATCH: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/SCPJJnC46Q\">pic.twitter.com/SCPJJnC46Q\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Averi Harper (@AveriHarper) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AveriHarper/status/681906700819927040\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Giancarlo Rulli of the Marine Mammal Center says staff are using a kayak to try to direct the seal, which is currently resting in the inlet's mudflats. (For \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Elephant-seal-still-determined-to-cross-North-Bay-6725567.php\" target=\"_blank\">photos of the standoff \u003c/a>in the muck, check out SFGate.) The center's employees are taking breaks, he said, so that the animal, which appears to be healthy, doesn't expend too much energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rulli said a lot of female elephant seals flock to San Simeon in December and January to give birth. It's unknown if the seal in Sonoma County is pregnant, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">A female elephant seal made her way onto highway 37 in Sonoma County, CA Monday (12/28). TUE0058 (STRINGER) \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/lOo1edkLPz\">pic.twitter.com/lOo1edkLPz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CBS Newspath (@cbsnewspath) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cbsnewspath/status/681805849032015872\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"It probably just took a wrong turn and made its way into the bay. It’s not a common area for us to do rescues, especially for elephant seals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay City News contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:50 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> Using a kayak to get the seal to move its 900 pounds where rescuers wanted it to go didn't work. Thus, Plan B: sedation and transportation to Point Reyes, where presumably an elephant seal can make a happier home than on the side of the highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterinarians from the Marine Mammal Center confirmed that the elephant seal is healthy, and also that she is pregnant, as had been speculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Vets sedated the persistent elephant seal attempting to cross a Sonoma Co. highway: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/jUZc5ud3Ae\">https://t.co/jUZc5ud3Ae\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/M3MJN7ySpz\">https://t.co/M3MJN7ySpz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— ABC7 News (@abc7newsBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/abc7newsBayArea/status/681982061805080578\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boy, did our \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q=elephant%20seal%20highway%2037&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter feed\u003c/a> ever blow up today with news about that Highway 37 elephant seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To catch you all up, the elephant seal caused a traffic jam yesterday at Highway 37 near Tolay Creek in Sonoma County, when she repeatedly tried to cross the two-lane expressway and climb over the center divider. Motorists who stopped and tried to help reported that she attacked their vehicles, the California Highway Patrol said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d25106.571298235816!2d-122.45634459583198!3d38.13271870051748!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8085a15b9ac1313b%3A0x2b9f45812629e84!2sTolay+Creek%2C+California!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1451428001931\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials were able to steer her back into an inlet, but rescuers from the Marine Mammal Center want to coax her out to the open water of San Pablo Bay. But the center said this afternoon that \"multiple attempts\" by its rescue team this morning failed to do just that. Personnel will make another go of it this afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TMMC\">@TMMC\u003c/a> staffers say it could take a couple days to move this stubborn 900 lb. elephant seal \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kron4news\">@kron4news\u003c/a> WATCH: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/SCPJJnC46Q\">pic.twitter.com/SCPJJnC46Q\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Averi Harper (@AveriHarper) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AveriHarper/status/681906700819927040\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Giancarlo Rulli of the Marine Mammal Center says staff are using a kayak to try to direct the seal, which is currently resting in the inlet's mudflats. (For \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Elephant-seal-still-determined-to-cross-North-Bay-6725567.php\" target=\"_blank\">photos of the standoff \u003c/a>in the muck, check out SFGate.) The center's employees are taking breaks, he said, so that the animal, which appears to be healthy, doesn't expend too much energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rulli said a lot of female elephant seals flock to San Simeon in December and January to give birth. It's unknown if the seal in Sonoma County is pregnant, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">A female elephant seal made her way onto highway 37 in Sonoma County, CA Monday (12/28). TUE0058 (STRINGER) \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/lOo1edkLPz\">pic.twitter.com/lOo1edkLPz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CBS Newspath (@cbsnewspath) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cbsnewspath/status/681805849032015872\">December 29, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"It probably just took a wrong turn and made its way into the bay. It’s not a common area for us to do rescues, especially for elephant seals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay City News contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Controversial High-Tech Plan to Save Earth's Last Rhinos",
"title": "A Controversial High-Tech Plan to Save Earth's Last Rhinos",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>ast month at the San Diego Zoo’s Safari Park, one of the world’s four last northern white rhinos died. It was the latest dose of bad news concerning threatened rhino species in Africa and Asia that are being slaughtered by poachers supplying the lucrative black market for the animal’s horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the price of rhino horn nearing $70,000 a kilo, poaching in South Africa, where 90 percent of rhinos live today, has increased more than a hundredfold in less than a decade. In 2007, South African authorities recorded eight white rhinos killed by poachers; last year, the number was more than 1,200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First used in Chinese medicine 1,800 years ago, demand for rhino horn is now driven primarily by a surge in popularity in Vietnam. In addition to being thought of as a treatment for cancer and fever, it has emerged as a status symbol. Businessmen showcase rhino horns as trophies and shave off powder to serve in cocktails. Ingestion of the powder is also thought to alleviate hangovers and is allegedly sometimes snorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with an apparently insatiable appetite for rhino horn and poachers overwhelming South African law enforcement, the 50-million-year-old species appears headed for certain extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, a San Francisco startup is developing a technology it says could save the world's rhinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm, \u003ca href=\"http://signup.pembient.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Pembient\u003c/a>, is developing a method to 3-D print rhino horn that is genetically identical to wild horn. By supplying the black market with an indistinguishable synthetic substitute, the company thinks it can drive down the cost of horn and undercut the incentive for poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10806153\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10806153\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"Indian forestry officials stand near the carcass of a one-horned rhinoceros which was killed and de-horned by poachers in Burapahar, a range of the Kaziranga National Park, in June 2015.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10806153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indian forestry officials stand near the carcass of a one-horned rhinoceros which was killed and de-horned by poachers in Burapahar, a range of the Kaziranga National Park, in June 2015. \u003ccite>(AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pembient will act as an inexhaustible stockpile of accessible rhino horn,” said Matthew Marcus, the company’s chief executive. “If we can make a product that’s bioidentical, we can control the price of horn in the market, and then hopefully save rhinos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advances in DNA sequencing now make it possible to replicate animal products in much the same way that software is copied, said George Bonaci, co-founder of Pembient. To create the horn, Pembient embeds the rhino’s genetic code into yeast, which converts sugar into horn protein, or keratin. This is the “ink” for the 3-D printer. The printing process then melts the keratin into solid pieces of horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient was selected for the first San Francisco class of biotech accelerator Indie Bio, along with companies developing animal-free milk and egg whites from yeast, mass-produced stem cells that aim to reduce costs for stem cell research, and bioengineered textiles that aim to reduce the need for cotton harvesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In earlier stages of product development, Pembient was considering commercial products, like rhino beer and face cream made with synthetic horn. But the firm has dropped those plans and is now focused on producing solid horn. It has successfully engineered bioidentical horn powder and expects to be able to print a full horn within a year or two. The company says it will flood the market with this product, initially pricing it at one-eighth or less of the going rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>ut Pembient’s strategy places the company in the middle of a debate over how to manage a species on the brink of extinction. Armed rhino guards and would-be poachers die regularly in gunbattles. Governments battle over whether to lift the international trade ban on horn. And efforts to dehorn rhinos humanely have not been effective at deterring poaching because the horn grows back quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The international conservation community agrees that action must be taken, but many are concerned that Pembient’s plan could make matters worse by introducing new demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Synthetic rhino horn products could increase the pace of the demise of rhinos,” said John Baker, managing director of \u003ca href=\"http://wildaid.org/\" target=\"_blank\">WildAid\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based conservation nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reducing the cost will only make it accessible to many more people who could not previously afford it, just as we’re getting to a critical mass in the public perception that rhino horn is bad,” Baker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10806154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10806154\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"Crime scene investigator examines a poached rhino carcass in September 2014 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10806154\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crime scene investigator examines a poached rhino carcass in September 2014 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. \u003ccite>(Moeletsi Mabe/The Times-Gallo Images-Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Baker’s organization believes that the poaching crisis can be solved only through reducing demand and enforcing trade bans. It produces big-budget public service announcements starring the likes of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildaid.org/people/jackie-chan\" target=\"_blank\">Jackie Chan\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://wildaid.org/news/prince-williams-historic-wildlife-address-chinese-people\" target=\"_blank\">Prince William\u003c/a> to educate Asian consumers about the consequences of purchasing rhino horn as well as ivory, tiger skins and shark fin. A number of other NGOs, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/rhino\" target=\"_blank\">World Wildlife Foundation\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://rhinos.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Rhino Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetherhino.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Save the Rhino\u003c/a>, are employing similar approaches and have issued public statements voicing the same concerns over synthetic horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to WildAid surveys, many Vietnamese do not know that purchasing horn results in the death of wild rhinos or that the animal is facing the threat of extinction. Baker says that once people are informed of the facts, they stop consuming the products. He points to successful reduction in demand for other wildlife products, such as an 85 percent drop in consumption of shark fin soup in China over a recent three-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient counters that demand can never be eliminated completely, and that rising poaching rates show that existing conservation approaches are not working quickly enough. It says that demand reduction campaigns could in some cases actually create demand by focusing public attention on rhino horn. It also questions the ethics of imposing Western values on Asian traditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to make it so it’s not a zero-sum game where either the tradition dies or the rhino dies,” Bonaci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baker and others question the merit of profiting from synthetic rhino horn, and say that Pembient is trying to make money from its technology. In response, Pembient says it plans to donate a portion of revenue to anti-poverty campaigns and conservation. It also argues it will be able to attract better talent to work on the issue because it is a business and can afford to pay competitive salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents raise concerns that if there were no way to tell the difference between wild and synthetic horn, it would be impossible to regulate black market trade. Pembient plans to solve the problem by developing a way to identify synthetic horn that only law enforcement officials could recognize. Experts say this could be the most challenging component of Pembient’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People watching the issue closely believe that the survival of the rhino species hinges on decisions to be made in the next few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders will gather in Johannesburg in 2016 to consider whether to lift the global trade ban on rhino horn. A South African court is currently considering domestic legalization, with some proponents also pushing for the introduction of rhino farming. A number of wildlife managers are also experimenting with the use of drones and satellites to monitor and protect wild rhinos, to mixed success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient says its approach is uniquely sustainable and scalable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re turning the whole boat around 180 degrees from what people have been doing for the past 10 years with no results, and saying, ‘Let’s make as much horn as possible,’ ” Marcus said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Startup says it wants to undercut demand for rhino horn by flooding market with a bioengineered substitute. Conservationists aren't convinced that will help beleaguered species. ",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/mayacraig\" target=\"_blank\">Maya Craig\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>ast month at the San Diego Zoo’s Safari Park, one of the world’s four last northern white rhinos died. It was the latest dose of bad news concerning threatened rhino species in Africa and Asia that are being slaughtered by poachers supplying the lucrative black market for the animal’s horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the price of rhino horn nearing $70,000 a kilo, poaching in South Africa, where 90 percent of rhinos live today, has increased more than a hundredfold in less than a decade. In 2007, South African authorities recorded eight white rhinos killed by poachers; last year, the number was more than 1,200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First used in Chinese medicine 1,800 years ago, demand for rhino horn is now driven primarily by a surge in popularity in Vietnam. In addition to being thought of as a treatment for cancer and fever, it has emerged as a status symbol. Businessmen showcase rhino horns as trophies and shave off powder to serve in cocktails. Ingestion of the powder is also thought to alleviate hangovers and is allegedly sometimes snorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with an apparently insatiable appetite for rhino horn and poachers overwhelming South African law enforcement, the 50-million-year-old species appears headed for certain extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, a San Francisco startup is developing a technology it says could save the world's rhinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm, \u003ca href=\"http://signup.pembient.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Pembient\u003c/a>, is developing a method to 3-D print rhino horn that is genetically identical to wild horn. By supplying the black market with an indistinguishable synthetic substitute, the company thinks it can drive down the cost of horn and undercut the incentive for poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10806153\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10806153\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"Indian forestry officials stand near the carcass of a one-horned rhinoceros which was killed and de-horned by poachers in Burapahar, a range of the Kaziranga National Park, in June 2015.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10806153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-478965476-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indian forestry officials stand near the carcass of a one-horned rhinoceros which was killed and de-horned by poachers in Burapahar, a range of the Kaziranga National Park, in June 2015. \u003ccite>(AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pembient will act as an inexhaustible stockpile of accessible rhino horn,” said Matthew Marcus, the company’s chief executive. “If we can make a product that’s bioidentical, we can control the price of horn in the market, and then hopefully save rhinos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advances in DNA sequencing now make it possible to replicate animal products in much the same way that software is copied, said George Bonaci, co-founder of Pembient. To create the horn, Pembient embeds the rhino’s genetic code into yeast, which converts sugar into horn protein, or keratin. This is the “ink” for the 3-D printer. The printing process then melts the keratin into solid pieces of horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient was selected for the first San Francisco class of biotech accelerator Indie Bio, along with companies developing animal-free milk and egg whites from yeast, mass-produced stem cells that aim to reduce costs for stem cell research, and bioengineered textiles that aim to reduce the need for cotton harvesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In earlier stages of product development, Pembient was considering commercial products, like rhino beer and face cream made with synthetic horn. But the firm has dropped those plans and is now focused on producing solid horn. It has successfully engineered bioidentical horn powder and expects to be able to print a full horn within a year or two. The company says it will flood the market with this product, initially pricing it at one-eighth or less of the going rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>ut Pembient’s strategy places the company in the middle of a debate over how to manage a species on the brink of extinction. Armed rhino guards and would-be poachers die regularly in gunbattles. Governments battle over whether to lift the international trade ban on horn. And efforts to dehorn rhinos humanely have not been effective at deterring poaching because the horn grows back quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The international conservation community agrees that action must be taken, but many are concerned that Pembient’s plan could make matters worse by introducing new demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Synthetic rhino horn products could increase the pace of the demise of rhinos,” said John Baker, managing director of \u003ca href=\"http://wildaid.org/\" target=\"_blank\">WildAid\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based conservation nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reducing the cost will only make it accessible to many more people who could not previously afford it, just as we’re getting to a critical mass in the public perception that rhino horn is bad,” Baker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10806154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10806154\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"Crime scene investigator examines a poached rhino carcass in September 2014 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10806154\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/GettyImages-455706982-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crime scene investigator examines a poached rhino carcass in September 2014 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. \u003ccite>(Moeletsi Mabe/The Times-Gallo Images-Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Baker’s organization believes that the poaching crisis can be solved only through reducing demand and enforcing trade bans. It produces big-budget public service announcements starring the likes of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildaid.org/people/jackie-chan\" target=\"_blank\">Jackie Chan\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://wildaid.org/news/prince-williams-historic-wildlife-address-chinese-people\" target=\"_blank\">Prince William\u003c/a> to educate Asian consumers about the consequences of purchasing rhino horn as well as ivory, tiger skins and shark fin. A number of other NGOs, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/rhino\" target=\"_blank\">World Wildlife Foundation\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://rhinos.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Rhino Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetherhino.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Save the Rhino\u003c/a>, are employing similar approaches and have issued public statements voicing the same concerns over synthetic horn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to WildAid surveys, many Vietnamese do not know that purchasing horn results in the death of wild rhinos or that the animal is facing the threat of extinction. Baker says that once people are informed of the facts, they stop consuming the products. He points to successful reduction in demand for other wildlife products, such as an 85 percent drop in consumption of shark fin soup in China over a recent three-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient counters that demand can never be eliminated completely, and that rising poaching rates show that existing conservation approaches are not working quickly enough. It says that demand reduction campaigns could in some cases actually create demand by focusing public attention on rhino horn. It also questions the ethics of imposing Western values on Asian traditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to make it so it’s not a zero-sum game where either the tradition dies or the rhino dies,” Bonaci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baker and others question the merit of profiting from synthetic rhino horn, and say that Pembient is trying to make money from its technology. In response, Pembient says it plans to donate a portion of revenue to anti-poverty campaigns and conservation. It also argues it will be able to attract better talent to work on the issue because it is a business and can afford to pay competitive salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents raise concerns that if there were no way to tell the difference between wild and synthetic horn, it would be impossible to regulate black market trade. Pembient plans to solve the problem by developing a way to identify synthetic horn that only law enforcement officials could recognize. Experts say this could be the most challenging component of Pembient’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People watching the issue closely believe that the survival of the rhino species hinges on decisions to be made in the next few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders will gather in Johannesburg in 2016 to consider whether to lift the global trade ban on rhino horn. A South African court is currently considering domestic legalization, with some proponents also pushing for the introduction of rhino farming. A number of wildlife managers are also experimenting with the use of drones and satellites to monitor and protect wild rhinos, to mixed success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pembient says its approach is uniquely sustainable and scalable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re turning the whole boat around 180 degrees from what people have been doing for the past 10 years with no results, and saying, ‘Let’s make as much horn as possible,’ ” Marcus said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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"order": 8
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},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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