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"content": "\u003cp>Ford Motor company is trying to be the first on the road with a solar-powered car for everyday use. The company is unveiling its concept model at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesweb.org/\">Consumer Electronics Show\u003c/a> in Las Vegas this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12749\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/C-MAXSolarEnergi_10.jpg\" alt=\"C-MAXSolarEnergi_10\" width=\"640\" height=\"377\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford has taken its\u003ca href=\"http://www.ford.com/cars/cmax/trim/energi/\"> C-MAX Energi plug-in hybrid\u003c/a>, a gas and electric powered car, and lined its rooftop with solar panels provided by San Jose-based \u003ca href=\"http://us.sunpower.com/\">SunPower\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 300 watts of energy the rooftop solar panels generate are not nearly enough for a full day’s charge, but the company has tried to solve that problem by building a solar-charging carport. “When you park that car under a concentrator, basically a magnifying glass,” Ford’s Mike Tinskey says, “we can actually, in six hours, get a full 21 miles of range on that vehicle and that’s the part we are really excited about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using 19th century technology to harness the sun\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear what you would do during those six hours that the car is charging. Most electric car drivers charge at home, at night, when electricity is cheapest. Ford’s solar-charging carports would need to be in a very sunny place. But what’s kind of cool about Ford’s large magnifying glass thingy, is that the company is using a 19th century technology, a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens\">Fresnel lens\u003c/a>, to harness the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were invented a long time ago for lighthouse use to take a single light and make it visible for a long distance. So we are using that same concept that was invented back in the 1800s to magnify the sun on top of our vehicle,” says Tinskey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you are saying, “Hey, what about the fact that the sun moves during the day,” well, good question and Ford has tried to address that. You can see their special solar-charging canopy and tracking system in this video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvEhtqcbJ4U?rel=0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>100 miles per gallon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like other plug-in electric hybrids, after the battery runs out of fuel, in this case, solar energy, Ford’s solar concept car can then switch over and run on gasoline. Ford says the car can get 100 miles per gallon in city and highway driving combined. That’s more than enough to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions and be eligible for the HOV (carpool) lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this concept car may never make it to mass production — the company would have to build an entire infrastructure of solar-charging carports — some of the technology could end up in a solar-powered car in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear what you would do during those six hours that the car is charging. Most electric car drivers charge at home, at night, when electricity is cheapest. Ford’s solar-charging carports would need to be in a very sunny place. But what’s kind of cool about Ford’s large magnifying glass thingy, is that the company is using a 19th century technology, a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens\">Fresnel lens\u003c/a>, to harness the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were invented a long time ago for lighthouse use to take a single light and make it visible for a long distance. So we are using that same concept that was invented back in the 1800s to magnify the sun on top of our vehicle,” says Tinskey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you are saying, “Hey, what about the fact that the sun moves during the day,” well, good question and Ford has tried to address that. You can see their special solar-charging canopy and tracking system in this video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvEhtqcbJ4U?rel=0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>100 miles per gallon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like other plug-in electric hybrids, after the battery runs out of fuel, in this case, solar energy, Ford’s solar concept car can then switch over and run on gasoline. Ford says the car can get 100 miles per gallon in city and highway driving combined. That’s more than enough to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions and be eligible for the HOV (carpool) lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this concept car may never make it to mass production — the company would have to build an entire infrastructure of solar-charging carports — some of the technology could end up in a solar-powered car in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>2013 was a pivotal year for California’s efforts to confront the increasingly ominous threats from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s broadest cap-and-trade program for carbon pollution kicked in, and Governor Jerry Brown joined in two \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/28/climate-pact-west-coast-states-bc-vow-to-step-up-attack-on-warming/\">new multi-state pacts\u003c/a> aimed at curbing emissions. But seven years after passing its landmark climate law, California’s journey toward attaining its climate goals has just begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12580\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/traffic.jpg\" alt=\"A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of effort by California policymakers to shrink the state’s carbon footprint, the darnedest thing happened: the economy rebounded from its three-year recession—and \u003ca title=\"Bloomberg - post\" href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-04/california-emissions-climb-in-2012-on-low-nuclear-hydro-supply.html\">so did greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past year, for instance, we’ve begun to see that emissions are rising again,” says Stanley Young with the California Air Resources Board. “But the interesting thing is that they are not rising as fast as the California economy is growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young’s agency is charged with \u003ca title=\"CARB - scoping plan\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\">developing rules\u003c/a> to meet the state’s legislated mandate to cut carbon emissions back to 1990 levels, by 2020. Young is not deterred by the post-recession set-back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will be able to make our 2020 goals,” he said in an interview. “That is clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s not so clear is what happens after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our best guess is that we are well on our way to meeting the 2020 standard, so the policies that we have in place do seem to be sufficient for that,” says\u003ca title=\"LBNL - Greenblatt\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/jeffery-greenblatt\"> Jeff Greenblatt\u003c/a>, an energy scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. “But looking to 2030 and beyond, we’re gonna have to do more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 80 percent solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenblatt raised some eyebrows in early November when he \u003ca title=\"LBNL - Report\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/57123/estimating-policy-driven-greenh\">published projections\u003c/a> of what it will take to hit California’s long-term goal, set by executive order during the Schwarzenegger years: an 80 percent cut in emissions by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Air Board’s Young sees it, California is on a roll: “We’re seeing far more electric vehicles on the road, for instance. That’s an important part of the plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the recent impressive growth of plug-in electric cars, it’s early in the game. California just\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/24/california-joins-eight-state-roadmap-toward-more-electric-cars/\"> joined with seven other states\u003c/a> in a push to get 3.3 million “zero-emission” vehicles on the road by 2025. Depending on what you count, there are 25 to 30 million registered vehicles on the road right now, just in California—and Greenblatt says 80 to 90 percent would have to be zero-emission (electric or otherwise) to get to that 2050 goal, because transportation accounts for the biggest single chunk of California’s carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cars are driving around all over the place, so you can’t capture the CO2 from their tailpipes and store it somewhere,” Greenblatt explained in a recent interview. “So it’s very important to be able to shift to a low-carbon energy carrier like electricity or like hydrogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decarbonizing your electrical outlets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, electric cars are only as clean as the juice that powers them. Regulators say the state is on track to hit another key target for 2020: generating one-third of its electrical power from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal. But by Greenblatt’s reckoning, that won’t be enough for the long haul, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We essentially need our electricity system to run without any carbon emissions at all in 2050.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yikes. That’s 100 percent carbon-free electricity. But that daunting assertion doesn’t mean all renewable power, which is good because many experts agree that goal may not be possible. Some have calculated that \u003ca title=\"NPR - story\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/12/02/248230187/slashing-fossil-fuel-consumption-comes-with-a-price\">80 percent renewables\u003c/a> may be technically feasible—but not without a major update to the electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may still need to burn some natural gas and capture its carbon emissions, so they don’t get into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the shutdown of Southern California Edison’s San Onofre nuclear power plant near San Diego, utilities have used natural gas to replace the carbon-free nuclear power lost from the grid. That set off alarms with environmental groups, who took to the streets in San Francisco this month, demanding that state regulators require renewable replacement power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An optimist in spite of the numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I would say, I’m an optimist but I don’t think this is gonna happen without a lot of trial and challenge, says Greenblatt, who expressed concern that his report was misconstrued in news accounts when it came out in November. He says it’s not that we can’t get to the 2050 goals. It’s that we won’t get there unless we step up our game—even beyond the aggressive policies the state has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why this year, the Air Board rolled out \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/2013_update/discussion_draft.pdf\">a revised playbook\u003c/a> that includes some new initiatives and suggested the state adopt new 2030 goals, moving the target a little closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a midpoint,” says the Air Board’s Young. “2050 is too far off to really grasp. From a broad policy perspective, we can take a look at where we need to be. But in terms of the programmatic elements, that’s a harder crystal ball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the idea of a “midterm” target is raising hackles. Some say the state’s landmark climate law has no authority after 2020. So we might need a whole new law to keep things rolling. And even the state’s pioneering cap-and-trade program remains under legal assault from industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I refuse to give up,” says Greenblatt, who says he’s had to reassure his nine-year-old daughter that he’s working on the problem as hard as he can. “I want to live to see 2050 happen and to say we actually did this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>2013 was a pivotal year for California’s efforts to confront the increasingly ominous threats from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s broadest cap-and-trade program for carbon pollution kicked in, and Governor Jerry Brown joined in two \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/28/climate-pact-west-coast-states-bc-vow-to-step-up-attack-on-warming/\">new multi-state pacts\u003c/a> aimed at curbing emissions. But seven years after passing its landmark climate law, California’s journey toward attaining its climate goals has just begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12580\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/traffic.jpg\" alt=\"A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of effort by California policymakers to shrink the state’s carbon footprint, the darnedest thing happened: the economy rebounded from its three-year recession—and \u003ca title=\"Bloomberg - post\" href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-04/california-emissions-climb-in-2012-on-low-nuclear-hydro-supply.html\">so did greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past year, for instance, we’ve begun to see that emissions are rising again,” says Stanley Young with the California Air Resources Board. “But the interesting thing is that they are not rising as fast as the California economy is growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young’s agency is charged with \u003ca title=\"CARB - scoping plan\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\">developing rules\u003c/a> to meet the state’s legislated mandate to cut carbon emissions back to 1990 levels, by 2020. Young is not deterred by the post-recession set-back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will be able to make our 2020 goals,” he said in an interview. “That is clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s not so clear is what happens after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our best guess is that we are well on our way to meeting the 2020 standard, so the policies that we have in place do seem to be sufficient for that,” says\u003ca title=\"LBNL - Greenblatt\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/jeffery-greenblatt\"> Jeff Greenblatt\u003c/a>, an energy scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. “But looking to 2030 and beyond, we’re gonna have to do more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 80 percent solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenblatt raised some eyebrows in early November when he \u003ca title=\"LBNL - Report\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/57123/estimating-policy-driven-greenh\">published projections\u003c/a> of what it will take to hit California’s long-term goal, set by executive order during the Schwarzenegger years: an 80 percent cut in emissions by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Air Board’s Young sees it, California is on a roll: “We’re seeing far more electric vehicles on the road, for instance. That’s an important part of the plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the recent impressive growth of plug-in electric cars, it’s early in the game. California just\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/24/california-joins-eight-state-roadmap-toward-more-electric-cars/\"> joined with seven other states\u003c/a> in a push to get 3.3 million “zero-emission” vehicles on the road by 2025. Depending on what you count, there are 25 to 30 million registered vehicles on the road right now, just in California—and Greenblatt says 80 to 90 percent would have to be zero-emission (electric or otherwise) to get to that 2050 goal, because transportation accounts for the biggest single chunk of California’s carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cars are driving around all over the place, so you can’t capture the CO2 from their tailpipes and store it somewhere,” Greenblatt explained in a recent interview. “So it’s very important to be able to shift to a low-carbon energy carrier like electricity or like hydrogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decarbonizing your electrical outlets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, electric cars are only as clean as the juice that powers them. Regulators say the state is on track to hit another key target for 2020: generating one-third of its electrical power from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal. But by Greenblatt’s reckoning, that won’t be enough for the long haul, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We essentially need our electricity system to run without any carbon emissions at all in 2050.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yikes. That’s 100 percent carbon-free electricity. But that daunting assertion doesn’t mean all renewable power, which is good because many experts agree that goal may not be possible. Some have calculated that \u003ca title=\"NPR - story\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/12/02/248230187/slashing-fossil-fuel-consumption-comes-with-a-price\">80 percent renewables\u003c/a> may be technically feasible—but not without a major update to the electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may still need to burn some natural gas and capture its carbon emissions, so they don’t get into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the shutdown of Southern California Edison’s San Onofre nuclear power plant near San Diego, utilities have used natural gas to replace the carbon-free nuclear power lost from the grid. That set off alarms with environmental groups, who took to the streets in San Francisco this month, demanding that state regulators require renewable replacement power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An optimist in spite of the numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I would say, I’m an optimist but I don’t think this is gonna happen without a lot of trial and challenge, says Greenblatt, who expressed concern that his report was misconstrued in news accounts when it came out in November. He says it’s not that we can’t get to the 2050 goals. It’s that we won’t get there unless we step up our game—even beyond the aggressive policies the state has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why this year, the Air Board rolled out \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/2013_update/discussion_draft.pdf\">a revised playbook\u003c/a> that includes some new initiatives and suggested the state adopt new 2030 goals, moving the target a little closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a midpoint,” says the Air Board’s Young. “2050 is too far off to really grasp. From a broad policy perspective, we can take a look at where we need to be. But in terms of the programmatic elements, that’s a harder crystal ball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the idea of a “midterm” target is raising hackles. Some say the state’s landmark climate law has no authority after 2020. So we might need a whole new law to keep things rolling. And even the state’s pioneering cap-and-trade program remains under legal assault from industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I refuse to give up,” says Greenblatt, who says he’s had to reassure his nine-year-old daughter that he’s working on the problem as hard as he can. “I want to live to see 2050 happen and to say we actually did this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "49ers Tackle Sustainability With New Green Stadium",
"headTitle": "49ers Tackle Sustainability With New Green Stadium | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/12/20131223science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>On Monday the 49ers take the field for their last regular season game in Candlestick Park. Though they look good for the playoffs, this is likely their last game at Candlestick, period, ending a 43-year run in the stadium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niners fans may miss the cold weather at Candlestick (OK, maybe not all of them will), but, in addition to Santa Clara’s balmier weather, fans can look forward to solar panels, bicycle parking and a native plant garden. Levi’s Stadium — the 49ers’ new home in Santa Clara — is being touted as the greenest stadium in the NFL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12251\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12251 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumview.jpg\" alt=\"Levi's Stadium, the 49ers' new home in Santa Clara, is replacing Candlestick, one of the oldest parks in the NFL. (Molly Samuel/KQED) \" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levi’s Stadium, the 49ers’ new home in Santa Clara, is replacing Candlestick, one of the oldest parks in the NFL. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The $1.3 billion project is almost complete. The day I visited, construction workers were installing interiors in the suites (those are inside the large glassy rectangle in the photo above) and putting seats in the stands. A big “Levi’s Stadium” sign was already up over one of the giant video boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium project executive Jack Hill showed me around the stadium, starting at the top. From the roof above the stadium’s suites (what Hill calls the suite tower) we had a view of San Francisco Bay on one side and the coastal hills on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We love coming up here. It’s kind of fun to see the progress on the stadium,” he said. “I tell everybody I’ve got the coolest job in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12291\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_5134.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12291 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_5134.jpg\" alt=\"As project executive, Jack Hill oversees the construction of Levi's Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"380\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As project executive, Jack Hill oversees the construction of Levi’s Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Solar photovoltaic panels are installed here on the roof and on pedestrian bridges connecting the parking lot to the park. In total, there will be about 20,000 square feet of panels, enough to stretch from the end zone to the 50-yard line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They won’t provide all the electricity to run the stadium — actually only a small percentage of it — but by generating power all year, they’ll offset what’s used for up to 10 game days, according to team officials. Hill says, on average, a football game uses 3.5 to four megawatts, about as much power as 3,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other football stadiums with more solar panels, in Philadelphia and Washington D.C., for instance. But there’s one thing on the roof Hill is fairly sure no other team has yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The area that you see with all the black tarps over it, with the dirt underneath it, that’s our green roof,” he said. It will be a native plant garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill, who oversaw construction of the Dallas Cowboys’ new stadium, says he’s used to dealing with landscaping. (The point of all this, let’s not forget, is the football field.) But a rooftop garden takes some different thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want something that’s full, something that’s fairly low,” he said. “Something that’s easy to maintain. Something that doesn’t require a lot of water. And something that’s pretty.” Also, nothing with the colors of a rival team, like the Cowboys. “We avoid blue and silver, and I guess we’re gonna have to start avoiding green and blue, from the Seahawks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12292\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumroof.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12292 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumroof.jpg\" alt=\"There will be a garden on the roof over the suites in Levi's Stadium. Solar panels are mounted on the structure on left side. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There will be a garden on the roof over the suites in Levi’s Stadium. Solar panels are mounted on the structure on left side. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The garden and the field will be watered with recycled water, supplied by a nearby wastewater treatment plant. Hill took me down to field level to show me the pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is like a little city down here. You have to maintain the field, you have to maintain all the electrical, plumbing,” he said. “You see the purple pipe? That’s all recycled water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toilets in this stadium are low-flow, and they’ll use the recycled water, too. Other environmental measures include recycling most of the construction debris and using highly efficient LEDs for about 40 percent of the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The traditional arrangement is a stadium with a sea of asphalt around it.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium is on track to earn a gold certification from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgbc.org/leed\">U.S. Green Building Council\u003c/a>, the second-highest rating possible. It would be the first new pro-football stadium to earn LEED gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just what’s inside the stadium that makes it green. The team is encouraging more environmentally-friendly transportation to and from the games, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the traditional arrangement is a stadium with a sea of asphalt around it and everybody parks right around the stadium,” said Kevin Riley, the director of planning and inspection for the city of Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12312\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/suiteview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12312\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/suiteview.jpg\" alt=\"The view from one of the suites in Levi's Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from one of the suites in Levi’s Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We were standing across the street from the stadium, which still has a fair amount of asphalt around it, though fewer dedicated parking spaces than most stadiums have. There are train tracks, too; the VTA, which connects to CalTrain, stops here and there’s an Amtrak stop nearby. There’s also bike parking, which opens up the possibility of bicycle tailgating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for cars, Riley explained, to keep the stadium’s footprint smaller, it’s the team’s job to rent parking from nearby technology companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal always was, go out there and beat the bushes, find the guys who are willing to make some money off of selling parking spaces,” he told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that hasn’t been totally successful: the 49ers haven’t found enough parking for Monday or Thursday night games, when fans would be pulling in before businesses close. So next season, home games will \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/southbayfootball/ci_24571696/49ers-wont-play-monday-night-football-at-santa\">be only on Sundays\u003c/a>. Opponents of the stadium \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_24543355/new-49ers-stadium-is-it-really-environmentally-friendly?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com\">have expressed concerns\u003c/a> about traffic and parking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A green NFL stadium sets a good example, said David Lehrer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/\">Center for the Built Environment\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley’s. But he pointed out that being environmentally-friendly doesn’t just mean building green.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The important thing is that people are building buildings and structures and spaces that are going to be used for a long time.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“You go to one of these events, when you walk out it’s littered with all kinds of garbage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara will have recycling at the stadium, and Riley said they’re looking into composting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bu there’s the larger issue, Lehrer pointed out, of whether the stadium will be used enough to make up for all the energy that’s going into building it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the important thing is that people are building buildings and structures and spaces that are going to be used for a long time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candlestick, which opened in 1960, is one of the oldest parks in the NFL. Stadiums like nearly-90-year-old Soldier Field in Chicago are a rarity, because \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/08/14/nfl-stadiums-by-the-numbers/\">teams make money on new stadiums\u003c/a> by selling fancy seats, ad space and naming rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the best scenario for the 49ers’ green legacy could be for the team to play well and for the fans to keep coming, making it worth it for the Niners to stick around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/fieldview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12314\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/fieldview.jpg\" alt=\"The view from the field. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from the field. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know, at the end of the day, there’s going to be between 65– and 70,00 people that are going to sit in a seat, order a hotdog, go to the restroom, and enjoy the entertainment on the field,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium’s first event will be in August 2014, when San Jose’s pro-soccer team the Earthquakes break in the field. The Niners pick it up that fall. And Santa Clara will host the Super Bowl in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "49ers fans may miss the cold weather at Candlestick Park, but can look forward to solar panels, bicycle parking and grass watered with recycled water. Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara is being touted as the greenest stadium in the NFL. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>On Monday the 49ers take the field for their last regular season game in Candlestick Park. Though they look good for the playoffs, this is likely their last game at Candlestick, period, ending a 43-year run in the stadium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niners fans may miss the cold weather at Candlestick (OK, maybe not all of them will), but, in addition to Santa Clara’s balmier weather, fans can look forward to solar panels, bicycle parking and a native plant garden. Levi’s Stadium — the 49ers’ new home in Santa Clara — is being touted as the greenest stadium in the NFL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12251\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12251 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumview.jpg\" alt=\"Levi's Stadium, the 49ers' new home in Santa Clara, is replacing Candlestick, one of the oldest parks in the NFL. (Molly Samuel/KQED) \" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levi’s Stadium, the 49ers’ new home in Santa Clara, is replacing Candlestick, one of the oldest parks in the NFL. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The $1.3 billion project is almost complete. The day I visited, construction workers were installing interiors in the suites (those are inside the large glassy rectangle in the photo above) and putting seats in the stands. A big “Levi’s Stadium” sign was already up over one of the giant video boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium project executive Jack Hill showed me around the stadium, starting at the top. From the roof above the stadium’s suites (what Hill calls the suite tower) we had a view of San Francisco Bay on one side and the coastal hills on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We love coming up here. It’s kind of fun to see the progress on the stadium,” he said. “I tell everybody I’ve got the coolest job in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12291\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_5134.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12291 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_5134.jpg\" alt=\"As project executive, Jack Hill oversees the construction of Levi's Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"380\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As project executive, Jack Hill oversees the construction of Levi’s Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Solar photovoltaic panels are installed here on the roof and on pedestrian bridges connecting the parking lot to the park. In total, there will be about 20,000 square feet of panels, enough to stretch from the end zone to the 50-yard line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They won’t provide all the electricity to run the stadium — actually only a small percentage of it — but by generating power all year, they’ll offset what’s used for up to 10 game days, according to team officials. Hill says, on average, a football game uses 3.5 to four megawatts, about as much power as 3,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other football stadiums with more solar panels, in Philadelphia and Washington D.C., for instance. But there’s one thing on the roof Hill is fairly sure no other team has yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The area that you see with all the black tarps over it, with the dirt underneath it, that’s our green roof,” he said. It will be a native plant garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill, who oversaw construction of the Dallas Cowboys’ new stadium, says he’s used to dealing with landscaping. (The point of all this, let’s not forget, is the football field.) But a rooftop garden takes some different thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want something that’s full, something that’s fairly low,” he said. “Something that’s easy to maintain. Something that doesn’t require a lot of water. And something that’s pretty.” Also, nothing with the colors of a rival team, like the Cowboys. “We avoid blue and silver, and I guess we’re gonna have to start avoiding green and blue, from the Seahawks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12292\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumroof.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12292 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumroof.jpg\" alt=\"There will be a garden on the roof over the suites in Levi's Stadium. Solar panels are mounted on the structure on left side. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There will be a garden on the roof over the suites in Levi’s Stadium. Solar panels are mounted on the structure on left side. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The garden and the field will be watered with recycled water, supplied by a nearby wastewater treatment plant. Hill took me down to field level to show me the pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is like a little city down here. You have to maintain the field, you have to maintain all the electrical, plumbing,” he said. “You see the purple pipe? That’s all recycled water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toilets in this stadium are low-flow, and they’ll use the recycled water, too. Other environmental measures include recycling most of the construction debris and using highly efficient LEDs for about 40 percent of the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The traditional arrangement is a stadium with a sea of asphalt around it.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium is on track to earn a gold certification from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgbc.org/leed\">U.S. Green Building Council\u003c/a>, the second-highest rating possible. It would be the first new pro-football stadium to earn LEED gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just what’s inside the stadium that makes it green. The team is encouraging more environmentally-friendly transportation to and from the games, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the traditional arrangement is a stadium with a sea of asphalt around it and everybody parks right around the stadium,” said Kevin Riley, the director of planning and inspection for the city of Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12312\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/suiteview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12312\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/suiteview.jpg\" alt=\"The view from one of the suites in Levi's Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from one of the suites in Levi’s Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We were standing across the street from the stadium, which still has a fair amount of asphalt around it, though fewer dedicated parking spaces than most stadiums have. There are train tracks, too; the VTA, which connects to CalTrain, stops here and there’s an Amtrak stop nearby. There’s also bike parking, which opens up the possibility of bicycle tailgating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for cars, Riley explained, to keep the stadium’s footprint smaller, it’s the team’s job to rent parking from nearby technology companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal always was, go out there and beat the bushes, find the guys who are willing to make some money off of selling parking spaces,” he told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that hasn’t been totally successful: the 49ers haven’t found enough parking for Monday or Thursday night games, when fans would be pulling in before businesses close. So next season, home games will \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/southbayfootball/ci_24571696/49ers-wont-play-monday-night-football-at-santa\">be only on Sundays\u003c/a>. Opponents of the stadium \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_24543355/new-49ers-stadium-is-it-really-environmentally-friendly?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com\">have expressed concerns\u003c/a> about traffic and parking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A green NFL stadium sets a good example, said David Lehrer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/\">Center for the Built Environment\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley’s. But he pointed out that being environmentally-friendly doesn’t just mean building green.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The important thing is that people are building buildings and structures and spaces that are going to be used for a long time.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“You go to one of these events, when you walk out it’s littered with all kinds of garbage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara will have recycling at the stadium, and Riley said they’re looking into composting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bu there’s the larger issue, Lehrer pointed out, of whether the stadium will be used enough to make up for all the energy that’s going into building it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the important thing is that people are building buildings and structures and spaces that are going to be used for a long time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candlestick, which opened in 1960, is one of the oldest parks in the NFL. Stadiums like nearly-90-year-old Soldier Field in Chicago are a rarity, because \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/08/14/nfl-stadiums-by-the-numbers/\">teams make money on new stadiums\u003c/a> by selling fancy seats, ad space and naming rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the best scenario for the 49ers’ green legacy could be for the team to play well and for the fans to keep coming, making it worth it for the Niners to stick around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/fieldview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12314\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/fieldview.jpg\" alt=\"The view from the field. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from the field. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know, at the end of the day, there’s going to be between 65– and 70,00 people that are going to sit in a seat, order a hotdog, go to the restroom, and enjoy the entertainment on the field,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium’s first event will be in August 2014, when San Jose’s pro-soccer team the Earthquakes break in the field. The Niners pick it up that fall. And Santa Clara will host the Super Bowl in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Our Top Science Stories from 2013",
"headTitle": "Our Top Science Stories from 2013 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>From the debut of the world’s largest solar plant to Comet ISON, zombified bees to the physics of sailing — it’s been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here’s a round-up of our top 10 stories (based on page views) that you’ve enjoyed in 2013. Please let us know what other stories you’ve enjoyed in the comments section below and if there’s anything you’d like to see in the coming season!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As World’s Largest Solar Thermal Plant Opens, California Looks to End Solar Wars\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"5477,5479,5480,5478,5482,5481,5484\" width=\"640\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After controversy over a threatened species delayed several large solar projects, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/zombees-flight-of-the-living-dead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZomBees: Flight of the Living Dead\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"639\" height=\"359\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS405_zombees.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F10%2FZombees-side-640x360.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003cembed width=\"639\" height=\"359\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\" flashvars=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS405_zombees.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F10%2FZombees-side-640x360.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something strange and unsettling is happening to Bay Area honeybees. Entomologists at San Francisco State University have identified the culprit: a tiny parasitic fly is causing the bees to exhibit bizarre nocturnal behaviors before suffering a gruesome demise. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/zombees-flight-of-the-living-dead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/silicon-valley-goes-to-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Silicon Valley Goes to Space\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"639\" height=\"359\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=KS101_svspace.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F11%2F703_KQEDSci_Space_JRoy_Masten_14044207_2.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003cembed width=\"639\" height=\"359\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\" flashvars=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=KS101_svspace.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F11%2F703_KQEDSci_Space_JRoy_Masten_14044207_2.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial space ventures are taking off and opening up space like never before. With its culture of risk and game-changing startups, Silicon Valley is playing a starring role in many of these new space companies. But risks and costs emerge with the increasing privatization of space. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/silicon-valley-goes-to-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Could Rooftop Solar Kill Utilities? California Grapples with Solar’s Success\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/NetMetering.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2790 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/NetMetering.jpg\" alt=\"As rooftop solar power grows, the electric utility business model could change. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As rooftop solar power grows, the electric utility business model could change. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As increasing numbers of Californians generate their own electricity, they rely less on electric utilities. That’s raising major questions about the future of California’s utilities. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/11/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Do These Boats Sail Faster Than the Wind?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8511\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8511 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America's Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America’s Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It isn’t magic; it’s just physics. And it’s an idea as simple as rocket science, which in this case really breaks down to what you learned from riding a bike. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/11/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/06/comet-ison-comet-of-the-century-or-fanciful-fluff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Comet ISON: Comet of the Century or Fanciful Fluff?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7956\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/cometISON-hst-april2013.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7956 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/cometISON-hst-april2013.jpg\" alt=\"Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet ISON, April 2013\" width=\"630\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet ISON, April 2013\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A comet named ISON has been hailed as a possible “comet of the century.” But scientists aren’t sure yet if it will survive a hairpin turn around the sun. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/06/comet-ison-comet-of-the-century-or-fanciful-fluff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/02/garcinia-cambogia-the-fastest-fat-buster-or-another-fad-diet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Garcinia Cambogia: The Fastest Fat-Buster or Another Fad Diet?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11529\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/GarciniaGummi-Gutta_wikimedia_Vssun_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11529 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/GarciniaGummi-Gutta_wikimedia_Vssun_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"garcinia cambogia fruit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garcinia cambogia fruit, photograph courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.JPG\">Vssun\u003c/a> via Wikimedia Commons.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Garcinia cambogia has been called the ”newest, fastest fat-buster” and a “magic ingredient that lets you lose weight without diet or exercise,” but scientific research questions its effectiveness. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/02/garcinia-cambogia-the-fastest-fat-buster-or-another-fad-diet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/19/birders-flock-to-see-blue-footed-boobies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Birders Flock to See Blue-Footed Boobies\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9087\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/bluefootedbooby.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9087 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/bluefootedbooby.jpg\" alt=\"A blue-footed booby fails to blend in with the pelicans and cormorants at Año Nuevo State Park earlier this week. It's the brown and white bird at the lower left. (Photo: Jennifer Rycenga)\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A blue-footed booby fails to blend in with the pelicans and cormorants at Año Nuevo State Park earlier this week. It’s the brown and white bird at the lower left. (Photo: Jennifer Rycenga)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blue-footed boobies are most commonly seen down in the Gulf of California or the Galapagos, but this week they’ve been flooding the Southern California coast, and making their way up north, where very few have come before. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/19/birders-flock-to-see-blue-footed-boobies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/californas-tarantulas-are-on-the-move-during-mating-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Tarantulas Are on the Move During Mating Season\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9837\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/dussau-holds-tarantula-e1381367430751.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9837 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/dussau-holds-tarantula-e1381367430751.jpg\" alt=\"Wandering male tarantulas go searching for females in the fall, never to return home again. Photo by Robert Kanagaki, EBRPD\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wandering male tarantulas go searching for females in the fall, never to return home again. Photo by Robert Kanagaki, EBRPD\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Male California tarantulas are now roaming through the Bay Area looking for love. Find out more about where you can see them, what they’re doing and what dangers they face from naturalist Sharol Nelson-Embry. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/californas-tarantulas-are-on-the-move-during-mating-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">It’s Official: Toxic Flame Retardants No Longer Required in Furniture\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11324\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/sofa.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11324 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/sofa.jpg\" alt=\"Starting next year, shoppers will be able to buy sofas that don't contain flame retardant chemicals. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Starting next year, shoppers will be able to buy sofas that don’t contain flame retardant chemicals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California overturns a nearly 40-year-old law that made your sofa potentially menacing. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "From the debut of the world's largest solar plant to Comet ISON, zombified bees to the physics of sailing — it's been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here's a round-up of our top 10 stories (based on page views) that you've enjoyed in 2013.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From the debut of the world’s largest solar plant to Comet ISON, zombified bees to the physics of sailing — it’s been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here’s a round-up of our top 10 stories (based on page views) that you’ve enjoyed in 2013. Please let us know what other stories you’ve enjoyed in the comments section below and if there’s anything you’d like to see in the coming season!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As World’s Largest Solar Thermal Plant Opens, California Looks to End Solar Wars\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After controversy over a threatened species delayed several large solar projects, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/zombees-flight-of-the-living-dead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZomBees: Flight of the Living Dead\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"639\" height=\"359\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS405_zombees.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F10%2FZombees-side-640x360.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003cembed width=\"639\" height=\"359\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\" flashvars=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS405_zombees.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F10%2FZombees-side-640x360.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something strange and unsettling is happening to Bay Area honeybees. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial space ventures are taking off and opening up space like never before. With its culture of risk and game-changing startups, Silicon Valley is playing a starring role in many of these new space companies. But risks and costs emerge with the increasing privatization of space. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/silicon-valley-goes-to-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Could Rooftop Solar Kill Utilities? California Grapples with Solar’s Success\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/NetMetering.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2790 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/NetMetering.jpg\" alt=\"As rooftop solar power grows, the electric utility business model could change. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As rooftop solar power grows, the electric utility business model could change. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As increasing numbers of Californians generate their own electricity, they rely less on electric utilities. That’s raising major questions about the future of California’s utilities. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/11/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Do These Boats Sail Faster Than the Wind?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8511\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8511 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America's Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America’s Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It isn’t magic; it’s just physics. And it’s an idea as simple as rocket science, which in this case really breaks down to what you learned from riding a bike. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/11/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/06/comet-ison-comet-of-the-century-or-fanciful-fluff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Comet ISON: Comet of the Century or Fanciful Fluff?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7956\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/cometISON-hst-april2013.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7956 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/cometISON-hst-april2013.jpg\" alt=\"Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet ISON, April 2013\" width=\"630\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet ISON, April 2013\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A comet named ISON has been hailed as a possible “comet of the century.” But scientists aren’t sure yet if it will survive a hairpin turn around the sun. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/06/comet-ison-comet-of-the-century-or-fanciful-fluff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/02/garcinia-cambogia-the-fastest-fat-buster-or-another-fad-diet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Garcinia Cambogia: The Fastest Fat-Buster or Another Fad Diet?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11529\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/GarciniaGummi-Gutta_wikimedia_Vssun_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11529 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/GarciniaGummi-Gutta_wikimedia_Vssun_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"garcinia cambogia fruit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garcinia cambogia fruit, photograph courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.JPG\">Vssun\u003c/a> via Wikimedia Commons.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Garcinia cambogia has been called the ”newest, fastest fat-buster” and a “magic ingredient that lets you lose weight without diet or exercise,” but scientific research questions its effectiveness. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/02/garcinia-cambogia-the-fastest-fat-buster-or-another-fad-diet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/19/birders-flock-to-see-blue-footed-boobies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Birders Flock to See Blue-Footed Boobies\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9087\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/bluefootedbooby.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9087 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/bluefootedbooby.jpg\" alt=\"A blue-footed booby fails to blend in with the pelicans and cormorants at Año Nuevo State Park earlier this week. It's the brown and white bird at the lower left. (Photo: Jennifer Rycenga)\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A blue-footed booby fails to blend in with the pelicans and cormorants at Año Nuevo State Park earlier this week. It’s the brown and white bird at the lower left. (Photo: Jennifer Rycenga)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blue-footed boobies are most commonly seen down in the Gulf of California or the Galapagos, but this week they’ve been flooding the Southern California coast, and making their way up north, where very few have come before. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/19/birders-flock-to-see-blue-footed-boobies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/californas-tarantulas-are-on-the-move-during-mating-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Tarantulas Are on the Move During Mating Season\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9837\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/dussau-holds-tarantula-e1381367430751.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9837 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/dussau-holds-tarantula-e1381367430751.jpg\" alt=\"Wandering male tarantulas go searching for females in the fall, never to return home again. Photo by Robert Kanagaki, EBRPD\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wandering male tarantulas go searching for females in the fall, never to return home again. Photo by Robert Kanagaki, EBRPD\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Male California tarantulas are now roaming through the Bay Area looking for love. Find out more about where you can see them, what they’re doing and what dangers they face from naturalist Sharol Nelson-Embry. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/californas-tarantulas-are-on-the-move-during-mating-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">It’s Official: Toxic Flame Retardants No Longer Required in Furniture\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11324\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/sofa.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11324 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/sofa.jpg\" alt=\"Starting next year, shoppers will be able to buy sofas that don't contain flame retardant chemicals. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Starting next year, shoppers will be able to buy sofas that don’t contain flame retardant chemicals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California overturns a nearly 40-year-old law that made your sofa potentially menacing. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Activists Take Aim at Bay Area Crude Oil Projects",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/airdistrictprotest.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11741\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/airdistrictprotest.jpg\" alt=\"Pennie Opal Plant from the environmental group Idle No More at a rally at the Air District in San Francisco says she's concerned about crude oil from the Tar Sands. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pennie Opal Plant from the environmental group Idle No More at a rally in San Francisco. She says she’s concerned about local refineries bringing in crude oil from Canadian tar sands. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Local community and environmental activists are sounding an alarm over four proposed energy projects in the Bay Area. Demonstrators rallied Wednesday morning outside a \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> board meeting, calling on the Air District to put the developments on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the proposals are for crude-by-rail projects. One would be an addition to the Valero refinery in Benicia; the other would be an oil terminal in Pittsburg that would receive crude by pipeline, rail and ship. Activists are concerned about crude-by-rail because, they say, trains would provide a means to bring in what they call “dirty” oil from the Canadian tar sands.[contextly_sidebar id=”e215254f951b640c3ec1b5e5143e9370″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other two projects, at Chevron’s Richmond refinery and the Phillips 66 refinery in Rodeo, concern equipment upgrades, which, activists say, will position refiners to process heavier grades of crude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really at stake here is the public’s health,” said Andres Soto, an organizer with the East Bay group \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a>. “We’re asking the District to not issue any more permits until this issue about the quality of the crude is publicly disclosed, publicly discussed, and either mitigation or a moratorium on its processing here in the Bay Area is established.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil companies have not disclosed where exactly the oil involved in these projects would be coming from. But, as Valero spokesman Bill Day told me for a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">previous story\u003c/a>, they’re all looking for ways to get oil out of the middle of the continent and to the refineries on the coasts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Whether it’s in Texas, up in Canada, in the Northeast, in the Marcellus Shale, up in the Dakotas in the Bakken Shale, that’s where the new crude oil is coming from, and there are huge amounts of it,” says Bill Day, a spokesman for the San Antonio-based Valero. “There’s no such thing as dirty oil or clean oil, I want to be very clear about that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Air district engineer Jim Karas, who briefed the Board on the projects at Wednesday’s meeting, told me none of the projects can go ahead without its approval, and the Air District won’t allow the refineries to go over the pollution limits already in place. “That is what we do. That’s our business,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also pointed out, that with or without oil from the tar sands, the refineries are processing what the environmentalists might call “dirty” crude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that the refiners already process very heavy crude,” he said. “That’s California crude. That’s what they were built to handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board heard updates but did not make any decisions on the projects at the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Track the projects:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=%7BC45EA667-8D39-4B30-87EB-9110A2F9CE13%7D\">Valero crude-by-rail in Benicia\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\">WesPac oil terminal in Pittsburg\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chevronrevisedrenewalproject.com/\">Chevron hydrogen plant and sulfur removal in Richmond\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ca-contracostacounty.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/Index/2713\">Phillips 66 propane recovery in Rodeo\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Local activists are sounding an alarm over four proposed crude oil projects in the Bay Area. They say they're concerned about the health and environmental implications of the developments.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/airdistrictprotest.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11741\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/airdistrictprotest.jpg\" alt=\"Pennie Opal Plant from the environmental group Idle No More at a rally at the Air District in San Francisco says she's concerned about crude oil from the Tar Sands. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pennie Opal Plant from the environmental group Idle No More at a rally in San Francisco. She says she’s concerned about local refineries bringing in crude oil from Canadian tar sands. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Local community and environmental activists are sounding an alarm over four proposed energy projects in the Bay Area. Demonstrators rallied Wednesday morning outside a \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> board meeting, calling on the Air District to put the developments on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the proposals are for crude-by-rail projects. One would be an addition to the Valero refinery in Benicia; the other would be an oil terminal in Pittsburg that would receive crude by pipeline, rail and ship. Activists are concerned about crude-by-rail because, they say, trains would provide a means to bring in what they call “dirty” oil from the Canadian tar sands.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other two projects, at Chevron’s Richmond refinery and the Phillips 66 refinery in Rodeo, concern equipment upgrades, which, activists say, will position refiners to process heavier grades of crude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really at stake here is the public’s health,” said Andres Soto, an organizer with the East Bay group \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a>. “We’re asking the District to not issue any more permits until this issue about the quality of the crude is publicly disclosed, publicly discussed, and either mitigation or a moratorium on its processing here in the Bay Area is established.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil companies have not disclosed where exactly the oil involved in these projects would be coming from. But, as Valero spokesman Bill Day told me for a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">previous story\u003c/a>, they’re all looking for ways to get oil out of the middle of the continent and to the refineries on the coasts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Whether it’s in Texas, up in Canada, in the Northeast, in the Marcellus Shale, up in the Dakotas in the Bakken Shale, that’s where the new crude oil is coming from, and there are huge amounts of it,” says Bill Day, a spokesman for the San Antonio-based Valero. “There’s no such thing as dirty oil or clean oil, I want to be very clear about that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Air district engineer Jim Karas, who briefed the Board on the projects at Wednesday’s meeting, told me none of the projects can go ahead without its approval, and the Air District won’t allow the refineries to go over the pollution limits already in place. “That is what we do. That’s our business,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also pointed out, that with or without oil from the tar sands, the refineries are processing what the environmentalists might call “dirty” crude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that the refiners already process very heavy crude,” he said. “That’s California crude. That’s what they were built to handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board heard updates but did not make any decisions on the projects at the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Track the projects:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=%7BC45EA667-8D39-4B30-87EB-9110A2F9CE13%7D\">Valero crude-by-rail in Benicia\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\">WesPac oil terminal in Pittsburg\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chevronrevisedrenewalproject.com/\">Chevron hydrogen plant and sulfur removal in Richmond\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ca-contracostacounty.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/Index/2713\">Phillips 66 propane recovery in Rodeo\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Mad About Mud: Debate Heats up Over Waste From Oil & Gas Wells",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/drilling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/drilling.jpg\" alt=\"Gas well being drilled outside Sacramento. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas well being drilled outside Sacramento. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate over hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, to extract oil and gas has largely focused on the chemicals injected underground and their potential impact on public health. Now environmental groups are turning their attention to the waste produced by simply drilling a well in the first place. Water regulators in the Central Valley, home to most of the state’s oil production, will consider the issue at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/board_decisions/tentative_orders/1312/10_low_threat_gen_waiv/1_general_waiver_buff.pdf\">meeting Thursday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drilling mud is the slick concoction used to cool and lubricate a drill bit, and it’s used for all kinds of wells, not just oil and gas. After a well is drilled, the mud and other wastes from drilling the well are often stored aside in unlined pits near the drilling site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, the Central Valley Regional Water Board included drilling muds in a broad waiver that exempted drillers from having to report and monitor those muds, saying they posed little threat to water quality. \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/board_decisions/tentative_orders/1312/10_low_threat_gen_waiv/2a_general_waiver_stfrpt_strike.pdf\">Other exemptions\u003c/a> included swimming pool discharge and water from air conditioners.[contextly_sidebar id=”9f3d8e70ddfe05096a04256919fbf9ad”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That waiver is now up for renewal, and environmentalists say when it comes to drilling muds, oil and gas companies should not get a free pass. Especially since the last time the Regional Water Quality Control Board looked at the health effects of drilling muds was back in 1981, before the fracking boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most obvious step is to take a time out and really update our understanding of drilling muds and the risk they pose, especially with the spread of new techniques like fracking,” said Hollin Kretzman, a staff attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>. Kretzman says the waste generated from oil wells could contain harmful chemicals and contaminate groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one’s opposing a study, said Tupper Hull, of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>. “We have no problem with that,” he said. “But imposing additional regulations that make drilling more costly, more time consuming, energy production more costly for consumers, without evidence of harm, just doesn’t make sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after reviewing\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/board_decisions/tentative_orders/1312/10_low_threat_gen_waiv/5_general_waiver_all_com.pdf\"> comments from several environmental groups\u003c/a>, the Water Board’s staff is recommending that regulators revoke the waiver for drilling wastes while they study potential health effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, proposed fracking regulations would require the State Water Quality Control Board to put together a regional groundwater monitoring program for areas where well stimulation, like fracking, takes place. But those rules are largely concerned with chemicals injected into the ground, not drilling muds or the waste from simply digging a well.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Drilling mud is the slick concoction used to cool and lubricate a drill bit, and it’s used for all kinds of wells, including oil and gas. Environmental groups are turning their attention to drilling mud, which is currently exempted from water monitoring. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/drilling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/drilling.jpg\" alt=\"Gas well being drilled outside Sacramento. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas well being drilled outside Sacramento. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate over hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, to extract oil and gas has largely focused on the chemicals injected underground and their potential impact on public health. Now environmental groups are turning their attention to the waste produced by simply drilling a well in the first place. Water regulators in the Central Valley, home to most of the state’s oil production, will consider the issue at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/board_decisions/tentative_orders/1312/10_low_threat_gen_waiv/1_general_waiver_buff.pdf\">meeting Thursday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drilling mud is the slick concoction used to cool and lubricate a drill bit, and it’s used for all kinds of wells, not just oil and gas. After a well is drilled, the mud and other wastes from drilling the well are often stored aside in unlined pits near the drilling site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, the Central Valley Regional Water Board included drilling muds in a broad waiver that exempted drillers from having to report and monitor those muds, saying they posed little threat to water quality. \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/board_decisions/tentative_orders/1312/10_low_threat_gen_waiv/2a_general_waiver_stfrpt_strike.pdf\">Other exemptions\u003c/a> included swimming pool discharge and water from air conditioners.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That waiver is now up for renewal, and environmentalists say when it comes to drilling muds, oil and gas companies should not get a free pass. Especially since the last time the Regional Water Quality Control Board looked at the health effects of drilling muds was back in 1981, before the fracking boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most obvious step is to take a time out and really update our understanding of drilling muds and the risk they pose, especially with the spread of new techniques like fracking,” said Hollin Kretzman, a staff attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>. Kretzman says the waste generated from oil wells could contain harmful chemicals and contaminate groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one’s opposing a study, said Tupper Hull, of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>. “We have no problem with that,” he said. “But imposing additional regulations that make drilling more costly, more time consuming, energy production more costly for consumers, without evidence of harm, just doesn’t make sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after reviewing\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/board_decisions/tentative_orders/1312/10_low_threat_gen_waiv/5_general_waiver_all_com.pdf\"> comments from several environmental groups\u003c/a>, the Water Board’s staff is recommending that regulators revoke the waiver for drilling wastes while they study potential health effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, proposed fracking regulations would require the State Water Quality Control Board to put together a regional groundwater monitoring program for areas where well stimulation, like fracking, takes place. But those rules are largely concerned with chemicals injected into the ground, not drilling muds or the waste from simply digging a well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Rolling Out a 'Clean Diesel' Locomotive",
"headTitle": "Rolling Out a ‘Clean Diesel’ Locomotive | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11280\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/IMG_4397_web.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11280\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11280\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/IMG_4397_web.jpg\" alt=\"Richmond Pacific Railroad's clean-diesel switch engine, the first of its kind in the U.S.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richmond Pacific Railroad’s clean-diesel switch engine, the first of its kind in the U.S.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You gotta start somewhere. In this case, it’s the BNSF switchyard in Richmond, where the \u003ca title=\"RPR - main\" href=\"http://www.levinterminal.com/facilities-and-services/rail-services/\">Richmond Pacific Railroad\u003c/a> is testing the nation’s first “Tier 4” switch engine for certification. Tier 4 is a standard set by the federal Environmental Protection Agency for ultra-low emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The location couldn’t be more appropriate, since Richmond is an industrial town with a major rail hub, a huge oil refinery and with housing right up against it all, a hotspot for air-quality-related health complaints such as asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even one locomotive can make a big impact in terms of health,” says Damian Breen, who directs “strategic incentives” for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. The District provided the railroad with a half-million-dollar grant to roll out and test the new switch engine, a smaller locomotive used to shuffle rail cars around in the yard or move them short distances. Breen says the new switcher will eliminate 6,000 tons of emissions per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, “clean” is a relative term in the railroad biz. Most locomotives are belching volcanoes of black soot, partly because they’re typically powered by a single, huge diesel engine and spend a lot of their time idling. Instead, the new switcher has a series of smaller engines and generators, optimized by computer controls to call up only as much power as the moment demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really a new design concept,” says Steve Sonni, California rep for the locomotive builder, \u003ca title=\"NRE - main\" href=\"http://www.nationalrailway.com/\">NRE\u003c/a>. He says the combination reduces noise, fuel consumption and stack emissions. “You’re talking 30 to 40 percent for sure,” he says, and adds that it could be 90 percent cleaner than many “legacy” locomotives that have been on the rails for 40 years or more. “I can assure you that there’s hundreds and hundreds, if not thousands of old locomotives that were designed and built in the ’50s and ’60s operating all over the United States,” says Sonni, many without any restrictions on emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11281\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/IMG_4400_web.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11281\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11281\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/IMG_4400_web.jpg\" alt=\"Jeff...\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeff Schwab starts up the new ultra-quiet, low-emissions switch locomotive.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nobody seems more enthused about the new switcher than the guy in the cab. For one thing, “It’s really quiet,” says Jeff Schwab, the railroad’s chief mechanic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a computer monitoring everything, helping the engineer make decisions,” he notes, such as a kind of traction control, where the computer will redistribute power to wheels to avoid wheels slipping, a common occurrence when switchers are hooked up to heavy loads. “It’s just incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breen says he also expects to see climate benefits from the new engine, as a major component of diesel exhaust is black carbon, which Breen calls “a major forcer of climate.” Based on recent science, state regulators are recommending a stronger focus on black carbon as a greenhouse gas. Breen expects the switcher to save two metric tons of soot each year, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and use less fuel overall. But with an estimated 550 switch engines operating in California, there would seem to be a long road ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking to see more of these locomotives deployed by the major railroads,” says Breen, though he concedes that it’s up to them to decide whether to adopt the cleaner engines. The new locomotives will become more widely available in 2015. “We have talked to them quite a bit about reducing risk in these communities,” he added. “We know they are willing to work with us.” At a cost upwards of $1 million for a single locomotive, that can be a tough sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"Clean diesel\" cars are now common on the highways. A new locomotive now takes that concept to the rails--with a few other bells and whistles.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11280\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/IMG_4397_web.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11280\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11280\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/IMG_4397_web.jpg\" alt=\"Richmond Pacific Railroad's clean-diesel switch engine, the first of its kind in the U.S.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richmond Pacific Railroad’s clean-diesel switch engine, the first of its kind in the U.S.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You gotta start somewhere. In this case, it’s the BNSF switchyard in Richmond, where the \u003ca title=\"RPR - main\" href=\"http://www.levinterminal.com/facilities-and-services/rail-services/\">Richmond Pacific Railroad\u003c/a> is testing the nation’s first “Tier 4” switch engine for certification. Tier 4 is a standard set by the federal Environmental Protection Agency for ultra-low emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The location couldn’t be more appropriate, since Richmond is an industrial town with a major rail hub, a huge oil refinery and with housing right up against it all, a hotspot for air-quality-related health complaints such as asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even one locomotive can make a big impact in terms of health,” says Damian Breen, who directs “strategic incentives” for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. The District provided the railroad with a half-million-dollar grant to roll out and test the new switch engine, a smaller locomotive used to shuffle rail cars around in the yard or move them short distances. Breen says the new switcher will eliminate 6,000 tons of emissions per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, “clean” is a relative term in the railroad biz. Most locomotives are belching volcanoes of black soot, partly because they’re typically powered by a single, huge diesel engine and spend a lot of their time idling. Instead, the new switcher has a series of smaller engines and generators, optimized by computer controls to call up only as much power as the moment demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really a new design concept,” says Steve Sonni, California rep for the locomotive builder, \u003ca title=\"NRE - main\" href=\"http://www.nationalrailway.com/\">NRE\u003c/a>. He says the combination reduces noise, fuel consumption and stack emissions. “You’re talking 30 to 40 percent for sure,” he says, and adds that it could be 90 percent cleaner than many “legacy” locomotives that have been on the rails for 40 years or more. “I can assure you that there’s hundreds and hundreds, if not thousands of old locomotives that were designed and built in the ’50s and ’60s operating all over the United States,” says Sonni, many without any restrictions on emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11281\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/IMG_4400_web.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11281\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11281\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/IMG_4400_web.jpg\" alt=\"Jeff...\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeff Schwab starts up the new ultra-quiet, low-emissions switch locomotive.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nobody seems more enthused about the new switcher than the guy in the cab. For one thing, “It’s really quiet,” says Jeff Schwab, the railroad’s chief mechanic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a computer monitoring everything, helping the engineer make decisions,” he notes, such as a kind of traction control, where the computer will redistribute power to wheels to avoid wheels slipping, a common occurrence when switchers are hooked up to heavy loads. “It’s just incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breen says he also expects to see climate benefits from the new engine, as a major component of diesel exhaust is black carbon, which Breen calls “a major forcer of climate.” Based on recent science, state regulators are recommending a stronger focus on black carbon as a greenhouse gas. Breen expects the switcher to save two metric tons of soot each year, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and use less fuel overall. But with an estimated 550 switch engines operating in California, there would seem to be a long road ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking to see more of these locomotives deployed by the major railroads,” says Breen, though he concedes that it’s up to them to decide whether to adopt the cleaner engines. The new locomotives will become more widely available in 2015. “We have talked to them quite a bit about reducing risk in these communities,” he added. “We know they are willing to work with us.” At a cost upwards of $1 million for a single locomotive, that can be a tough sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What California's New Fracking Rules Would Do (And Not Do)",
"headTitle": "What California’s New Fracking Rules Would Do (And Not Do) | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11062\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS3844_OilPumps_20120711b-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS3844_OilPumps_20120711b-scr.jpg\" alt=\"Oil wells in Kern County, where much of California's fracking has taken place. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oil wells in Kern County, where much of California’s fracking has taken place. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate over hydraulic fracturing is heating up in California, as the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/index/Documents/Text%20of%20Proposed%20Regulations%20-%20SB%204%20Well%20Stimulation%20Treatment%20Regulations.pdf\">released draft regulations\u003c/a> on Friday for the controversial oil extraction technique. This follows a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4\">bill\u003c/a> signed by Governor Jerry Brown earlier this year that adds new requirements for oil companies to protect groundwater and disclose more public information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are the strongest and most comprehensive environmental public health protections of any oil and gas producing state,” said Mark Nechodom, director of the California Department of Conservation, which oversees the state’s oil and gas division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time,” he said, “these regulations are designed to ensure that the oil and gas industry in California, which is a key element of the California economy, will remain productive and competitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique by which water, sand and chemicals are injected underground at high pressure to release more oil has been used for decades in California. The long-awaited draft regulations represent the state’s first effort to address fracking, beyond the standards for oil well construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New requirements in proposed fracking rules:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Oil companies must apply for a permit before fracking and disclose where it will take place, how much water will be used, the source of that water and how it will be disposed of.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> They must disclose what chemicals are used in fracking, but not the concentrations in cases where they claim a trade secret exemption.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Oil well operators must provide at least 30 days advance written notice before fracking, to landowners and neighbors within 1,500 feet of the well.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Property owners may request water quality testing of their own wells before and after fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Well operators must review earthquake faults in the area to ensure that the fluids used fracking don’t migrate along faults.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An independent science panel will study the potential risks from hydraulic fracturing and other extraction techniques like acid well stimulation and report by January 1, 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>State oil and gas regulators will do an environmental impact review of the potential environmental risks of fracking in the state and report by July 1, 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> The state will also set up a website by January 2016 for public information about fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The State Water Resources Control Board will create a program to monitor groundwater basins specifically to protect drinking water sources from fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Call for a Moratorium\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m feeling mixed about the regulations,” says David Pettit, attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the best approach would be a straight up moratorium until fracking is proved safe,” he said. “But the regulations, particularly the scientific study and the statewide environmental impact report do give us a possibility of having a good analysis of the safety and public health issues that I hope the state can act on in a sensible way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”586a7ee57327ff9ff49152618277d546”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been doing it for 60 years and there hasn’t been an incident anywhere in the state,” says Catherine Reheis-Boyd of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, an industry group. “To have a moratorium would make it even more difficult for California to supply the crude oil it needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand we have to do this right and if we don’t, we won’t be doing it the state of California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Oil Boom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a century-old oil industry, located mainly in Kern County. With much of the easily-accessed oil recovered, focus has shifted to the Monterey Shale, which holds an estimated 15 billion barrels of oil. Oil companies say recovering that oil is a challenge, given California’s complex underground geology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it is developed to the extent we hope, it really will provide jobs and a valuable to resource to California,” said Reheis-Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say extracting and using that oil runs counter to the state’s aggressive climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to shift to renewables,” said Kathryn Phillips of \u003ca href=\"http://california2.sierraclub.org/\">Sierra Club California\u003c/a>. “California is doing a good job at that, but we need to accelerate. To get investment, you need to stop putting investment in false hope. Extracting more oil is false hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We want to make sure people have an opportunity to know what’s happening in their region.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>State regulators are required to look at the potential greenhouse gas emissions associated with fracking as part of the statewide environmental impact report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the Regulations Don’t Say\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions remain about the environmental review of each oil and gas well, under \u003ca href=\"http://ceres.ca.gov/ceqa/\">California’s Environmental Quality Act\u003c/a> (CEQA). Under the new rules, oil well operators must get a permit for fracking. The permit triggers a review of the potential impacts on the local water, air and community. Officials haven’t yet specified how they’ll do this review. A comprehensive review could be done on a case-by-case basis for each individual well site, or regulators could rely on the statewide environmental review when granting fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure people have an opportunity to know what’s happening in their region,” said Kathryn Phillips. “We think you can only have that if you have a well-by-well review.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions also remain about whether several wells could be grouped together and approved with a single permit. In a signing statement, Governor Brown directed regulators “to develop an efficient permitting program for well-stimulation activities that groups permits together based on factors such as known geologic conditions and environmental impacts.” Oil and gas regulators say the conditions for grouping wells together will be developed in a separate rule-making process this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fracking regulations take effect on or before January 1, 2015. The division of oil and gas is developing a set of “emergency regulations” that will cover fracking until that time and the agency plans to release those in mid-December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators are expecting a deluge of public comments over the next 60 days. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;line-height: 19px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Pages/Index.aspx\">Five public hearings\u003c/a> will also be held. Another public comment period will follow in the spring after the agency makes revisions to this draft of the regulations. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The debate over hydraulic fracturing in California is heating up as oil and gas regulators release draft rules for the controversial oil extraction technique.",
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"description": "The debate over hydraulic fracturing in California is heating up as oil and gas regulators release draft rules for the controversial oil extraction technique.",
"title": "What California's New Fracking Rules Would Do (And Not Do) | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11062\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS3844_OilPumps_20120711b-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS3844_OilPumps_20120711b-scr.jpg\" alt=\"Oil wells in Kern County, where much of California's fracking has taken place. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oil wells in Kern County, where much of California’s fracking has taken place. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate over hydraulic fracturing is heating up in California, as the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/index/Documents/Text%20of%20Proposed%20Regulations%20-%20SB%204%20Well%20Stimulation%20Treatment%20Regulations.pdf\">released draft regulations\u003c/a> on Friday for the controversial oil extraction technique. This follows a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4\">bill\u003c/a> signed by Governor Jerry Brown earlier this year that adds new requirements for oil companies to protect groundwater and disclose more public information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are the strongest and most comprehensive environmental public health protections of any oil and gas producing state,” said Mark Nechodom, director of the California Department of Conservation, which oversees the state’s oil and gas division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time,” he said, “these regulations are designed to ensure that the oil and gas industry in California, which is a key element of the California economy, will remain productive and competitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique by which water, sand and chemicals are injected underground at high pressure to release more oil has been used for decades in California. The long-awaited draft regulations represent the state’s first effort to address fracking, beyond the standards for oil well construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New requirements in proposed fracking rules:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Oil companies must apply for a permit before fracking and disclose where it will take place, how much water will be used, the source of that water and how it will be disposed of.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> They must disclose what chemicals are used in fracking, but not the concentrations in cases where they claim a trade secret exemption.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Oil well operators must provide at least 30 days advance written notice before fracking, to landowners and neighbors within 1,500 feet of the well.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Property owners may request water quality testing of their own wells before and after fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Well operators must review earthquake faults in the area to ensure that the fluids used fracking don’t migrate along faults.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An independent science panel will study the potential risks from hydraulic fracturing and other extraction techniques like acid well stimulation and report by January 1, 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>State oil and gas regulators will do an environmental impact review of the potential environmental risks of fracking in the state and report by July 1, 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> The state will also set up a website by January 2016 for public information about fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The State Water Resources Control Board will create a program to monitor groundwater basins specifically to protect drinking water sources from fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Call for a Moratorium\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m feeling mixed about the regulations,” says David Pettit, attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the best approach would be a straight up moratorium until fracking is proved safe,” he said. “But the regulations, particularly the scientific study and the statewide environmental impact report do give us a possibility of having a good analysis of the safety and public health issues that I hope the state can act on in a sensible way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been doing it for 60 years and there hasn’t been an incident anywhere in the state,” says Catherine Reheis-Boyd of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, an industry group. “To have a moratorium would make it even more difficult for California to supply the crude oil it needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand we have to do this right and if we don’t, we won’t be doing it the state of California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Oil Boom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a century-old oil industry, located mainly in Kern County. With much of the easily-accessed oil recovered, focus has shifted to the Monterey Shale, which holds an estimated 15 billion barrels of oil. Oil companies say recovering that oil is a challenge, given California’s complex underground geology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it is developed to the extent we hope, it really will provide jobs and a valuable to resource to California,” said Reheis-Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say extracting and using that oil runs counter to the state’s aggressive climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to shift to renewables,” said Kathryn Phillips of \u003ca href=\"http://california2.sierraclub.org/\">Sierra Club California\u003c/a>. “California is doing a good job at that, but we need to accelerate. To get investment, you need to stop putting investment in false hope. Extracting more oil is false hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We want to make sure people have an opportunity to know what’s happening in their region.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>State regulators are required to look at the potential greenhouse gas emissions associated with fracking as part of the statewide environmental impact report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the Regulations Don’t Say\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions remain about the environmental review of each oil and gas well, under \u003ca href=\"http://ceres.ca.gov/ceqa/\">California’s Environmental Quality Act\u003c/a> (CEQA). Under the new rules, oil well operators must get a permit for fracking. The permit triggers a review of the potential impacts on the local water, air and community. Officials haven’t yet specified how they’ll do this review. A comprehensive review could be done on a case-by-case basis for each individual well site, or regulators could rely on the statewide environmental review when granting fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure people have an opportunity to know what’s happening in their region,” said Kathryn Phillips. “We think you can only have that if you have a well-by-well review.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions also remain about whether several wells could be grouped together and approved with a single permit. In a signing statement, Governor Brown directed regulators “to develop an efficient permitting program for well-stimulation activities that groups permits together based on factors such as known geologic conditions and environmental impacts.” Oil and gas regulators say the conditions for grouping wells together will be developed in a separate rule-making process this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fracking regulations take effect on or before January 1, 2015. The division of oil and gas is developing a set of “emergency regulations” that will cover fracking until that time and the agency plans to release those in mid-December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators are expecting a deluge of public comments over the next 60 days. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;line-height: 19px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Pages/Index.aspx\">Five public hearings\u003c/a> will also be held. Another public comment period will follow in the spring after the agency makes revisions to this draft of the regulations. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Silicon Valley in Race for Battery Breakthrough",
"headTitle": "Silicon Valley in Race for Battery Breakthrough | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/11/20131104science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10591\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/imprint2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10591\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/imprint2.jpg\" alt=\"Bay Area battery start-up Imprint Energy is developing flexible, thin batteries. (Photo: Imprint Energy)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area start-up Imprint Energy is developing flexible, thin batteries. (Photo: Imprint Energy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Apple released its newest computer operating system a few weeks ago, battery life was the big selling point: one hour more of web-browsing. Laptops, cellphones and electric cars are driving demand for cheaper and more powerful batteries, but battery technology has been slow to evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is becoming a hub for start-ups and multinational corporations hoping to produce the next big battery breakthrough. Technology like electric cars could depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m actually in the market for a new car and would love to buy an electric car,” says Venkat Srinivasan, who heads up battery research at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Lab\u003c/a>. “But there are practical problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there aren’t many models that would work for Srinivasan’s daily 70-mile commute. The Nissan Leaf goes about 75 miles before it needs to be recharged. The top-of-the-line sedan from \u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> goes 300 miles, but it runs around $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we want to do is get cars that go 200 miles but you can buy them for the cost of say, a Toyota Corolla or Toyota Camry,” he says. “Where we are today in battery technology, we need a lot more work before we can get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">I think we’re aiming for something very big. It’s like a moonshot.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lithium-ion batteries, found in today’s electric cars and cellphones, have improved in the last 20 years, packing twice as much energy in the same amount of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That sounds like a big thing, except if you compare it to semiconductors,” says Srinivasan. “The evolution is very, very slow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, computer chips have doubled in speed every 18 months. Srinivasan says today’s lithium-ion batteries have improved about as much as possible with the materials they’re made of. What’s needed is an entirely new battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paper-Thin Batteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So here is our special printer,” says Christine Ho, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.imprintenergy.com/\">Imprint Energy\u003c/a>. “We actually call it Megatron.” The two-year-old company’s Alameda lab looks a lot like a screen-printing shop. The batteries are printed in layers, producing cells that are paper-thin and bendable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our customers and I think consumers in general, they just want things to be thinner,” she says. Lithium-ion batteries don’t perform well when they’re extremely thin, so Ho developed a new type of battery chemistry using zinc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to like to tell investors that the main components in our battery are also found in vitamins,” she says. “But then they used to challenge me to eat my battery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is aiming to put its battery in everything from laptops to electric cars, but the battery’s flexibility makes it attractive for wearable electronics, like a cellphone on your wrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imprint Energy is just one of about 40 companies working on battery technology in the Bay Area. Many are start-ups that have tapped into millions of dollars of Silicon Valley venture capital. But Ho says building hardware takes longer than building software, and software is what Silicon Valley is accustomed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s been difficult is the investment community has really had a challenge with how long it takes for these technologies to be mature enough that they’ll be accepted,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Players in the Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enticed by the potential payoff of a battery breakthrough, major corporations are also getting in the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IBM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IBM.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Bryan McCloskey holds a test lithium-air battery at IBM's San Jose lab. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"313\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Bryan McCloskey holds a test lithium-air battery at IBM’s San Jose lab. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smart_grid/article/battery500.html\">IBM’s Almaden Research Center\u003c/a> in San Jose, researcher Bryan McCloskey holds up a test battery cell. It uses lithium, but it has two little tubes sticking out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re feeding a gas into your battery on one side,” he says. “This gas just happens to be air, ambient air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are generally self-contained packets of chemistry. IBM is working on lithium-air batteries that use oxygen from the air to create chemical reactions. Getting a battery component from the outside means the battery can be smaller, lighter and more powerful, crucial for electric cars. McCloskey says it could take a decade to develop, but IBM is hoping the battery will take cars 500 miles on a single charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you could envision powering every single car in America with a battery that has IBM stamped on the side of it, that has a huge market,” he says. LG Chem, Bosch and major car companies are also working on batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Lab is also trying to jump start battery development through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jcesr.org/\">Joint Center for Energy Storage Research\u003c/a>, a research hub organized by the US Department of Energy. Its goal: to make a battery that holds five times more energy at one-fifth of the cost in the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This obviously is very, very challenging,” says Srinivasan. “But I think we’re aiming for something very big. It’s like a moonshot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Srinivasan says getting advanced battery research into the hands of companies quickly is key for reaching the goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to do here in the long term is trying to find a way to create battery industry in the United States,” he says. “Today in the United States, we don’t do much battery manufacturing and so we’ve lost all those jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Energy has committed $2 billion in grants and funding for battery companies and research. But competition from well-established players in Asia has been tough and two US companies with federal support, Ener1 and A123, have already folded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the Bay Area are planning for the new jobs the fledgling industry could bring. San Jose State University is launching a new battery course to train workers, beginning this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaa\" src=\"http://batchgeo.com/map/CalCharge\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>View \u003ca href=\"http://batchgeo.com/map/CalCharge\">California Battery Companies\u003c/a> in a full screen map\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10591\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/imprint2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10591\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/imprint2.jpg\" alt=\"Bay Area battery start-up Imprint Energy is developing flexible, thin batteries. (Photo: Imprint Energy)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area start-up Imprint Energy is developing flexible, thin batteries. (Photo: Imprint Energy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Apple released its newest computer operating system a few weeks ago, battery life was the big selling point: one hour more of web-browsing. Laptops, cellphones and electric cars are driving demand for cheaper and more powerful batteries, but battery technology has been slow to evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is becoming a hub for start-ups and multinational corporations hoping to produce the next big battery breakthrough. Technology like electric cars could depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m actually in the market for a new car and would love to buy an electric car,” says Venkat Srinivasan, who heads up battery research at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Lab\u003c/a>. “But there are practical problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there aren’t many models that would work for Srinivasan’s daily 70-mile commute. The Nissan Leaf goes about 75 miles before it needs to be recharged. The top-of-the-line sedan from \u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> goes 300 miles, but it runs around $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we want to do is get cars that go 200 miles but you can buy them for the cost of say, a Toyota Corolla or Toyota Camry,” he says. “Where we are today in battery technology, we need a lot more work before we can get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">I think we’re aiming for something very big. It’s like a moonshot.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lithium-ion batteries, found in today’s electric cars and cellphones, have improved in the last 20 years, packing twice as much energy in the same amount of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That sounds like a big thing, except if you compare it to semiconductors,” says Srinivasan. “The evolution is very, very slow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, computer chips have doubled in speed every 18 months. Srinivasan says today’s lithium-ion batteries have improved about as much as possible with the materials they’re made of. What’s needed is an entirely new battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paper-Thin Batteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So here is our special printer,” says Christine Ho, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.imprintenergy.com/\">Imprint Energy\u003c/a>. “We actually call it Megatron.” The two-year-old company’s Alameda lab looks a lot like a screen-printing shop. The batteries are printed in layers, producing cells that are paper-thin and bendable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our customers and I think consumers in general, they just want things to be thinner,” she says. Lithium-ion batteries don’t perform well when they’re extremely thin, so Ho developed a new type of battery chemistry using zinc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to like to tell investors that the main components in our battery are also found in vitamins,” she says. “But then they used to challenge me to eat my battery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is aiming to put its battery in everything from laptops to electric cars, but the battery’s flexibility makes it attractive for wearable electronics, like a cellphone on your wrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imprint Energy is just one of about 40 companies working on battery technology in the Bay Area. Many are start-ups that have tapped into millions of dollars of Silicon Valley venture capital. But Ho says building hardware takes longer than building software, and software is what Silicon Valley is accustomed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s been difficult is the investment community has really had a challenge with how long it takes for these technologies to be mature enough that they’ll be accepted,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Players in the Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enticed by the potential payoff of a battery breakthrough, major corporations are also getting in the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IBM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IBM.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Bryan McCloskey holds a test lithium-air battery at IBM's San Jose lab. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"313\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Bryan McCloskey holds a test lithium-air battery at IBM’s San Jose lab. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smart_grid/article/battery500.html\">IBM’s Almaden Research Center\u003c/a> in San Jose, researcher Bryan McCloskey holds up a test battery cell. It uses lithium, but it has two little tubes sticking out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re feeding a gas into your battery on one side,” he says. “This gas just happens to be air, ambient air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are generally self-contained packets of chemistry. IBM is working on lithium-air batteries that use oxygen from the air to create chemical reactions. Getting a battery component from the outside means the battery can be smaller, lighter and more powerful, crucial for electric cars. McCloskey says it could take a decade to develop, but IBM is hoping the battery will take cars 500 miles on a single charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you could envision powering every single car in America with a battery that has IBM stamped on the side of it, that has a huge market,” he says. LG Chem, Bosch and major car companies are also working on batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Lab is also trying to jump start battery development through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jcesr.org/\">Joint Center for Energy Storage Research\u003c/a>, a research hub organized by the US Department of Energy. Its goal: to make a battery that holds five times more energy at one-fifth of the cost in the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This obviously is very, very challenging,” says Srinivasan. “But I think we’re aiming for something very big. It’s like a moonshot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Srinivasan says getting advanced battery research into the hands of companies quickly is key for reaching the goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to do here in the long term is trying to find a way to create battery industry in the United States,” he says. “Today in the United States, we don’t do much battery manufacturing and so we’ve lost all those jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Energy has committed $2 billion in grants and funding for battery companies and research. But competition from well-established players in Asia has been tough and two US companies with federal support, Ener1 and A123, have already folded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the Bay Area are planning for the new jobs the fledgling industry could bring. San Jose State University is launching a new battery course to train workers, beginning this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaa\" src=\"http://batchgeo.com/map/CalCharge\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>View \u003ca href=\"http://batchgeo.com/map/CalCharge\">California Battery Companies\u003c/a> in a full screen map\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IMG_3146.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10385\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10385\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IMG_3146.jpg\" alt=\"Late-summer sunset over San Francisco Bay. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Late-summer sunset over San Francisco Bay. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California has joined with Oregon, Washington and British Columbia in a \u003ca title=\"Gov Brown - release\" href=\"http://cert1.mail-west.com/jnX/rmaKy/mc7/1aKgtmyuzjan/avdg1/vnqaKrmp1rm819/teg11aKq/5pm2qq73alijo?_c=d%7Cze7pzanwmhlzgt%7C11trgyn37dd2zc5&_ce=1383006344.02379dfd281eefbdcb79ccc9e24c445a\">new multi-pronged attack\u003c/a> on climate change and its impacts. Describing it as a “small-but-powerful first step,” California Governor Jerry Brown conceded that the newly-minted Pacific Coast Action Plan on Climate and Energy won’t by itself reverse the current long-term warming trend. But, he promised, “this will spread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the pact has no binding legal authority on any of the parties, leaders of all four governments have agreed, in part, to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– \u003cstrong>Put a price on carbon.\u003c/strong> California and BC have already done this, using a combination of carbon markets and taxes. California’s year-old \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> is part of a comprehensive plan set in motion by the state’s landmark \u003ca title=\"Wiki - AB 32\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Warming_Solutions_Act_of_2006\">2006 climate law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– \u003cstrong>Synchronize their watches.\u003c/strong> The four will “harmonize 2050 targets for greenhouse gas reductions” and also seek a more definitive “mid-range” target for emissions cuts by 2030 or thereabout. California’s current 2050 target is backed only by an executive order issued during the Schwarzenegger administration, not by legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– \u003cstrong>Attack ocean acidification.\u003c/strong> The states and province say they’ll “urge” their respective federal governments to “take action on ocean acidification,” which scientists say is a threat to the marine food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– \u003cstrong>Green up transportation.\u003c/strong> Among the more specific goals is one to “work together toward” \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/24/california-joins-eight-state-roadmap-toward-more-electric-cars/\">juicing the market for electric cars\u003c/a> and other zero-emissions vehicles. In one of the few specific goals outlined by the basic agreement, the region is pledged to “take action” to transform the car market, so that by 2016, 10 percent of new car purchases are ZEVs (California’s current goal is 15% by 2025). All have committed to some form of low-carbon standard for transportation fuels. California has one, though it is being challenged in the courts. The parties also pledge to “continue deployment of high-speed rail across the region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement also contains a five-point plan to boost renewable energy and modernize the electrical grid, along with the usual assertions to base policy on sound climate science and to continue the push toward a global climate agreement, something that the UN Framework has yet to achieve after two decades of talks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington Governor Jay Inslee summed up the call to action succinctly, saying that, “While progress in Washington, DC is strangled by climate deniers, there is no denying the fact that the West Coast is rip-roarin’ and ready to go.” But that hasn’t always been the case. Take the case of the ill-fated Western Climate Initiative, in which several states and provinces were to launch a unified carbon market. So far, \u003ca title=\"CARB - release\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=508\">only Quebec has committed\u003c/a> (starting next year). British Columbia forged ahead with a carbon tax of its own while Oregon and Washington adopted a wait-and-see stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "California Joins Eight-State Roadmap To More Electric Cars",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IMG_0012_crop.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10229\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IMG_0012_crop.jpg\" alt='An electric car \"fuels up\" at a public charger in Sacramento. (Craig Miller/KQED)' width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An electric car “fuels up” at a public charger in Sacramento. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Transportation wonks prefer to call them ZEVs, or \u003ca title=\"OPR - ZEVs\" href=\"http://www.opr.ca.gov/s_zero-emissionvehicles.php\">zero-emission-vehicles\u003c/a>. Eight governors, including California Governor Jerry Brown want more of them on the road. So the group has signed a “memorandum” in which they pledge to “join forces to revolutionize the automobile market by promoting zero-emission vehicles.” In a joint statement, Brown called the move, “a serious and profoundly important commitment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>The goal is to get 3.3 million of them on the road by 2025 and along the way, “to help build a \u003ca title=\"Autoblog - post\" href=\"http://green.autoblog.com/2013/10/11/global-electric-vehicle-sales-will-jump-48-each-year-through-20/\">robust national market\u003c/a> for electric and hydrogen-powered cars,” according to the multi-state news release. Exactly how they’ll go about that will be mapped out over the next six months. Specific actions are likely to include revamping building codes to standardize vehicle charging stations, and “developing streamlined metering options for homes equipped with electric vehicle chargers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also mean more rebates or other perks for those who buy ZEVs, though it’s up to each state to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“…evaluate the need for, and effectiveness of, monetary incentives to reduce the upfront purchase price of ZEVs and non-monetary incentives, such as HOV lane access, reduced tolls and preferential parking, and to pursue such incentives as appropriate.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>California already has a rebate program in place, freshly re-funded by lawmakers. California also has the majority of ZEVs already on the road — about 50,000, compared to 15,000 for all of the other states in the pact combined. Most of the other states are back east — Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island and Vermont. But combined, the eight states represent about a quarter of the US car market. All of them have adopted targets for 15% of new car sales to be ZEVs by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Broadly defined, zero-emission vehicles can be battery-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid-electrics, or hydrogen fuel-cell-electric vehicles. But hydrogen models and infrastructure are \u003ca title=\"Wired - post\" href=\"http://www.wired.com/autopia/2013/10/elon-musk-hydrogen/\">running far behind\u003c/a> electrics in ramping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states argue that they’re not rushing the technology, citing the 16 zero-emission vehicle models currently available from eight manufacturers. They also point to recent sales figures showing that “U.S. electric car sales in 2012 more than tripled to about 52,000 from 17,000 in 2011,” and that 40,000 plug-ins were sold in the first half of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that electric cars are being sold at about three times the rate of where I understand the Prius was at this point in its rollout,” says Dave Clegern of the California Air Resources Board. “The market is definitely taking off. It’s just a question of getting it in place in a way that makes it easier for expansion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The eight states that account for about a quarter of the U.S. car market band together to get more electric cars and other \"ZEVs\" on the road.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IMG_0012_crop.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10229\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/IMG_0012_crop.jpg\" alt='An electric car \"fuels up\" at a public charger in Sacramento. (Craig Miller/KQED)' width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An electric car “fuels up” at a public charger in Sacramento. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Transportation wonks prefer to call them ZEVs, or \u003ca title=\"OPR - ZEVs\" href=\"http://www.opr.ca.gov/s_zero-emissionvehicles.php\">zero-emission-vehicles\u003c/a>. Eight governors, including California Governor Jerry Brown want more of them on the road. So the group has signed a “memorandum” in which they pledge to “join forces to revolutionize the automobile market by promoting zero-emission vehicles.” In a joint statement, Brown called the move, “a serious and profoundly important commitment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>The goal is to get 3.3 million of them on the road by 2025 and along the way, “to help build a \u003ca title=\"Autoblog - post\" href=\"http://green.autoblog.com/2013/10/11/global-electric-vehicle-sales-will-jump-48-each-year-through-20/\">robust national market\u003c/a> for electric and hydrogen-powered cars,” according to the multi-state news release. Exactly how they’ll go about that will be mapped out over the next six months. Specific actions are likely to include revamping building codes to standardize vehicle charging stations, and “developing streamlined metering options for homes equipped with electric vehicle chargers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also mean more rebates or other perks for those who buy ZEVs, though it’s up to each state to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“…evaluate the need for, and effectiveness of, monetary incentives to reduce the upfront purchase price of ZEVs and non-monetary incentives, such as HOV lane access, reduced tolls and preferential parking, and to pursue such incentives as appropriate.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>California already has a rebate program in place, freshly re-funded by lawmakers. California also has the majority of ZEVs already on the road — about 50,000, compared to 15,000 for all of the other states in the pact combined. Most of the other states are back east — Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island and Vermont. But combined, the eight states represent about a quarter of the US car market. All of them have adopted targets for 15% of new car sales to be ZEVs by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Broadly defined, zero-emission vehicles can be battery-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid-electrics, or hydrogen fuel-cell-electric vehicles. But hydrogen models and infrastructure are \u003ca title=\"Wired - post\" href=\"http://www.wired.com/autopia/2013/10/elon-musk-hydrogen/\">running far behind\u003c/a> electrics in ramping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states argue that they’re not rushing the technology, citing the 16 zero-emission vehicle models currently available from eight manufacturers. They also point to recent sales figures showing that “U.S. electric car sales in 2012 more than tripled to about 52,000 from 17,000 in 2011,” and that 40,000 plug-ins were sold in the first half of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that electric cars are being sold at about three times the rate of where I understand the Prius was at this point in its rollout,” says Dave Clegern of the California Air Resources Board. “The market is definitely taking off. It’s just a question of getting it in place in a way that makes it easier for expansion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "New State Laws on Fracking and Toxics: A Mixed Bag for Environmentalists",
"headTitle": "New State Laws on Fracking and Toxics: A Mixed Bag for Environmentalists | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>By Amy Standen and Molly Samuel\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10027\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Brown-signature-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10027\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Brown-signature-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"(Photo: Office of California Governor Jerry Brown)\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Photo: Office of California Governor Jerry Brown)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here at KQED, like a lot of news outfits, we tend to cover bills before they pass, during the often fiery debates over whether they deserve the Governor’s signature. On Sunday, those debates (at least some of them) came to an end with the winding down of the legislative season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the press went to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/12/californias-minimum-wage/\">minimum wage boost\u003c/a> (raising workers’ hourly minimum from $8 to $10 an hour by January 2016) and a law granting \u003ca href=\"http://topics.sacbee.com/driver%27s+licenses/\">driver’s licenses\u003c/a> to undocumented immigrants. But there were a number of science and environment bills in the mix. Among California’s new environmental laws:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Hunters will be banned from using lead bullets. \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets/\">This law\u003c/a>, the first of its kind in the country, was inspired largely by efforts to protect the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/\">endangered California condor\u003c/a>. Scientists say condors suffer from lead poisoning when they eat carcasses left behind by hunters.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9941\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 532px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Condor-VWS.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9941 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Condor-VWS.jpg\" alt=\"Endangered California condors are among the wildlife at risk from eating lead bullets in carrion. (Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society)\" width=\"532\" height=\"297\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Endangered California condors are among the wildlife at risk from eating lead bullets in carrion. (Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society) \u003ccite>(Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Renters will be able to choose to buy more renewable energy.\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailydemocrat.com/breakingnews/ci_24094654/wolks-community-green-energy-legislation-sent-governor\">The bill\u003c/a> makes it possible for customers of PG&E and the other big investor-owned utilities in California to buy up to 100% of their electricity from renewable sources. So if you’re a renter — or maybe your roof is just too shady for solar panels — you’ll have more access to solar and wind power.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Electricity rates will be overhauled. \u003c/strong>The law requires utilities to continue buying electricity generated by rooftop solar panels on people’s homes, an incentive known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\">net metering\u003c/a>. It also allows a fixed charge on some people’s bills to help maintain the grid, creates a\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-brown-energy-bills-20131008,0,6466305.story\"> new formula\u003c/a> which is intended to lower rates for people in hotter parts of the state and allows regulators to require that utilities \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Law-to-change-energy-rates-aid-renewable-power-4876504.php\">generate more power from renewable sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>California and Nevada bury the hatchet over Tahoe. \u003c/strong>The bi-state Tahoe Regional Planning Agency was created by Congress in 1969 to end the rampant development that reduced the lake’s fabled clarity. Nevada threatened to leave the agency, but now \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/14/new-rules-for-lake-tahoe-development-give-locals-more-leverage/\">both Brown\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://gov.nv.gov/News-and-Media/Press/2013/Sandoval-Signs-TRPA-Bill/\">Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval\u003c/a> have signed on to continue working together.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 518px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Tahoe_SandHarbor_7-11-13_0816_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10014 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Tahoe_SandHarbor_7-11-13_0816_resized.jpg\" alt=\"Visitors like these in Sand Harbor, Nevada, are some of the 3 million yearly tourists that fuel Lake Tahoe’s economy. (Arwen Curry/KQED)\" width=\"518\" height=\"292\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors like these in Sand Harbor, Nevada, are some of the 3 million yearly tourists that fuel Lake Tahoe’s economy. (Arwen Curry/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Pregnant women will be warned about toxic chemicals. \u003c/strong>Medical providers already give pregnant women a pamphlet on prenatal testing. Now they’ll also provide information about the dangers of chemical exposures.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Fire safety officials will weigh whether to use flame retardants in buildings. \u003c/strong>Previous laws required the use of chemical flame retardants in buildings but studies have shown that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/03/28/118491/epa_asks_are_flame_retardants_safe?category=bay+area\">chemicals themselves could be dangerous\u003c/a>. This \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Law-may-cut-use-of-flame-retardants-in-buildings-4879854.php\">new law doesn’t ban their use\u003c/a>, but it does ask regulators to consider their options.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/16/111444/environmental-bills-failing-california\">suffered some setbacks\u003c/a>, too:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>A bill that regulates fracking in California passed, \u003c/strong>but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote\">environmentalists aren’t happy\u003c/a> about it — they say it’s a “half measure.” The law requires drillers to report what chemicals they’re using and how much water they withdraw, but it does not introduce a moratorium on fracking, which some environmental groups wanted to see until more research is done on the impacts.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10038\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 512px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/frackingprotest.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10038 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/frackingprotest.jpg\" alt=\"The group Californians Against Fracking staged a protest outside of California Gov. Jerry Brown's San Francisco offices demanding that Gov. Brown ban fracking in the state. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The group Californians Against Fracking staged a protest outside of California Gov. Jerry Brown’s San Francisco offices demanding that Gov. Brown ban fracking in the state. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The California Coastal Commission will not be given the ability to issue fines.\u003c/strong> A bill would have \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_23653226/california-coastal-commission-bill-could-give-commission-teeth\">allowed the Coastal Commission to issue fines\u003c/a> for building illegal structures, blocking beach access or damaging habitat (as it is now, the Commission can’t fine people for violating the law), but it \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2013/sep/10/local/la-me-coastal-bill-20130911\">didn’t make it past the State Assembly\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>A probe into whether California refineries are manipulating gas production and prices won’t happen. \u003c/strong>Gas prices in California are some of the highest in the country. That’s due at least in part to California’s strict \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lcfs.htm\">air quality laws\u003c/a>. This bill would have assigned the California Energy Commission the task of tracking oil prices to find out if there is any price manipulation happening. Brown \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_448_2013_Veto_Message.pdf\">vetoed the bill\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plastic bags won’t be banned statewide. \u003c/strong>California cities from \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/plastic_campaign/plastic_bags/local\">Ukiah to West Hollywood\u003c/a> have banned plastic bags, but an effort to introduce a statewide ban \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2013/may/30/local/la-me-pc-plastic-bag-ban-20130530\">died in the State Senate\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And one new law that we don’t see landing squarely either in the environmentalists’ “wins” or “losses” list:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Prop. 65 will be slightly revised.\u003c/strong> The source of all those warning signs in businesses, Prop. 65 was passed by voters to reduce exposure to toxic chemicals, and it’s lead to a host of lawsuits — but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">some say many of them are frivolous\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/networth/article/Prop-65-lawsuit-bill-helps-businesses-4876499.php\">new law\u003c/a> allows small businesses that are in violation of Prop. 65 to avoid an expensive lawsuit by putting up a sign and paying a fine.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Now that California's legislative session is now over, here's a roundup of the environmental bills that passed -- and a review of some big ones that didn't.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>By Amy Standen and Molly Samuel\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10027\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Brown-signature-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10027\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Brown-signature-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"(Photo: Office of California Governor Jerry Brown)\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Photo: Office of California Governor Jerry Brown)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here at KQED, like a lot of news outfits, we tend to cover bills before they pass, during the often fiery debates over whether they deserve the Governor’s signature. On Sunday, those debates (at least some of them) came to an end with the winding down of the legislative season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the press went to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/12/californias-minimum-wage/\">minimum wage boost\u003c/a> (raising workers’ hourly minimum from $8 to $10 an hour by January 2016) and a law granting \u003ca href=\"http://topics.sacbee.com/driver%27s+licenses/\">driver’s licenses\u003c/a> to undocumented immigrants. But there were a number of science and environment bills in the mix. Among California’s new environmental laws:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Hunters will be banned from using lead bullets. \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets/\">This law\u003c/a>, the first of its kind in the country, was inspired largely by efforts to protect the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/\">endangered California condor\u003c/a>. Scientists say condors suffer from lead poisoning when they eat carcasses left behind by hunters.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9941\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 532px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Condor-VWS.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9941 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Condor-VWS.jpg\" alt=\"Endangered California condors are among the wildlife at risk from eating lead bullets in carrion. (Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society)\" width=\"532\" height=\"297\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Endangered California condors are among the wildlife at risk from eating lead bullets in carrion. (Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society) \u003ccite>(Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Renters will be able to choose to buy more renewable energy.\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailydemocrat.com/breakingnews/ci_24094654/wolks-community-green-energy-legislation-sent-governor\">The bill\u003c/a> makes it possible for customers of PG&E and the other big investor-owned utilities in California to buy up to 100% of their electricity from renewable sources. So if you’re a renter — or maybe your roof is just too shady for solar panels — you’ll have more access to solar and wind power.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Electricity rates will be overhauled. \u003c/strong>The law requires utilities to continue buying electricity generated by rooftop solar panels on people’s homes, an incentive known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\">net metering\u003c/a>. It also allows a fixed charge on some people’s bills to help maintain the grid, creates a\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-brown-energy-bills-20131008,0,6466305.story\"> new formula\u003c/a> which is intended to lower rates for people in hotter parts of the state and allows regulators to require that utilities \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Law-to-change-energy-rates-aid-renewable-power-4876504.php\">generate more power from renewable sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>California and Nevada bury the hatchet over Tahoe. \u003c/strong>The bi-state Tahoe Regional Planning Agency was created by Congress in 1969 to end the rampant development that reduced the lake’s fabled clarity. Nevada threatened to leave the agency, but now \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/14/new-rules-for-lake-tahoe-development-give-locals-more-leverage/\">both Brown\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://gov.nv.gov/News-and-Media/Press/2013/Sandoval-Signs-TRPA-Bill/\">Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval\u003c/a> have signed on to continue working together.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 518px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Tahoe_SandHarbor_7-11-13_0816_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10014 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Tahoe_SandHarbor_7-11-13_0816_resized.jpg\" alt=\"Visitors like these in Sand Harbor, Nevada, are some of the 3 million yearly tourists that fuel Lake Tahoe’s economy. (Arwen Curry/KQED)\" width=\"518\" height=\"292\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors like these in Sand Harbor, Nevada, are some of the 3 million yearly tourists that fuel Lake Tahoe’s economy. (Arwen Curry/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Pregnant women will be warned about toxic chemicals. \u003c/strong>Medical providers already give pregnant women a pamphlet on prenatal testing. Now they’ll also provide information about the dangers of chemical exposures.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Fire safety officials will weigh whether to use flame retardants in buildings. \u003c/strong>Previous laws required the use of chemical flame retardants in buildings but studies have shown that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/03/28/118491/epa_asks_are_flame_retardants_safe?category=bay+area\">chemicals themselves could be dangerous\u003c/a>. This \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Law-may-cut-use-of-flame-retardants-in-buildings-4879854.php\">new law doesn’t ban their use\u003c/a>, but it does ask regulators to consider their options.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/16/111444/environmental-bills-failing-california\">suffered some setbacks\u003c/a>, too:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>A bill that regulates fracking in California passed, \u003c/strong>but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote\">environmentalists aren’t happy\u003c/a> about it — they say it’s a “half measure.” The law requires drillers to report what chemicals they’re using and how much water they withdraw, but it does not introduce a moratorium on fracking, which some environmental groups wanted to see until more research is done on the impacts.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10038\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 512px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/frackingprotest.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10038 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/frackingprotest.jpg\" alt=\"The group Californians Against Fracking staged a protest outside of California Gov. Jerry Brown's San Francisco offices demanding that Gov. Brown ban fracking in the state. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The group Californians Against Fracking staged a protest outside of California Gov. Jerry Brown’s San Francisco offices demanding that Gov. Brown ban fracking in the state. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The California Coastal Commission will not be given the ability to issue fines.\u003c/strong> A bill would have \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_23653226/california-coastal-commission-bill-could-give-commission-teeth\">allowed the Coastal Commission to issue fines\u003c/a> for building illegal structures, blocking beach access or damaging habitat (as it is now, the Commission can’t fine people for violating the law), but it \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2013/sep/10/local/la-me-coastal-bill-20130911\">didn’t make it past the State Assembly\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>A probe into whether California refineries are manipulating gas production and prices won’t happen. \u003c/strong>Gas prices in California are some of the highest in the country. That’s due at least in part to California’s strict \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lcfs.htm\">air quality laws\u003c/a>. This bill would have assigned the California Energy Commission the task of tracking oil prices to find out if there is any price manipulation happening. Brown \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_448_2013_Veto_Message.pdf\">vetoed the bill\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plastic bags won’t be banned statewide. \u003c/strong>California cities from \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/plastic_campaign/plastic_bags/local\">Ukiah to West Hollywood\u003c/a> have banned plastic bags, but an effort to introduce a statewide ban \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2013/may/30/local/la-me-pc-plastic-bag-ban-20130530\">died in the State Senate\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And one new law that we don’t see landing squarely either in the environmentalists’ “wins” or “losses” list:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Prop. 65 will be slightly revised.\u003c/strong> The source of all those warning signs in businesses, Prop. 65 was passed by voters to reduce exposure to toxic chemicals, and it’s lead to a host of lawsuits — but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">some say many of them are frivolous\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/networth/article/Prop-65-lawsuit-bill-helps-businesses-4876499.php\">new law\u003c/a> allows small businesses that are in violation of Prop. 65 to avoid an expensive lawsuit by putting up a sign and paying a fine.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_13657\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"351\"] Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the Monterey Shale. In California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas. What is it? Fracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. According to the oil industry, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state. Concerns Environmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also uses large volumes of freshwater. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found. Where it Stands In November 2013, state regulators released draft rules for fracking that are now expected to go into effect in July 2015. They followed passage of SB 4, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover. Under the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. The regulations are expected to be finalized by the end of 2014.",
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