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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/04/20140407science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16174\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron1-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16174\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Water from Chevron's Kern River oil field supplies orchards near Bakersfield. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from Chevron’s Kern River oil field supplies almond orchards near Bakersfield. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoirs running low, many Central Valley farmers are struggling to keep their trees and crops alive this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the southern San Joaquin Valley, some are getting extra water from an unlikely source: the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the third largest oil-producing state in the country, extracting roughly 200 million barrels a year. But in the process of getting oil, companies also produce massive volumes of water, found naturally in the same underground formations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To produce one barrel of oil, we produce about nine barrels of water,” says Chevron’s Thep Smith, walking around the company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=209G4bJ7A9Y\">Kern River oil field\u003c/a>, east of Bakersfield. Almost 10,000 pump jacks cover the hills. The field is more than a century old, but is still the second-most productive in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock formations that bear oil in California are also full of briny, brackish water, leading to an old saying about oil companies in California: they’re actually water companies that get oil as a byproduct. “This is really a water plant that skims oil,” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cstrong>How Water and Oil Mix in California\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See how water\u003c/a> is part of fracking and oil production in California.\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15920\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/KQED-Fraq-panel1-blank.jpg\" alt=\"KQED-Fraq-panel1-blank\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After the oil is separated, Chevron handles millions of gallons of water a day. The company uses about a quarter of it to enhance oil production, turning the water into steam and injecting it back into the rock formation to boost oil flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stuff here is really heavy oil,” Smith says, “kind of like molasses. At room temperature, it actually is almost solid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After using some for steam, there’s still plenty of water to get rid of. Many companies dispose of it long-term by pumping it back underground, where it’s trapped in rock layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Pump Jacks to Produce\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the only project of its kind in the state, Chevron’s water travels several miles through a 40-inch pipe, until it arrives in a reservoir used by the Cawelo Water District. Chevron provides up to a quarter of the water district’s supply each year, around 26,000 acre-feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we have this water coming in, it’s a tremendous bonus,” says David Ansolabehere, general manager of the irrigation district, near Bakersfield. “We deliver water to about 45,000 acres, about 95 percent permanent crops which are nut trees, citrus and vineyards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district mixes Chevron’s water with an equal amount of freshwater, until it reaches a quality that works for local orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t deliver it straight,” Ansolabehere says. “It has too much salt, but we blend it down and then it’s irrigation quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16177\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Water from Chevron arrives in a reservoir that serves the Cawelo Water District. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from Chevron gushes out of a pipeline in a reservoir that serves the Cawelo Water District. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During this year’s drought, it’s the district’s only reliable supply, since water deliveries from state and federal water projects have been cut completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be very tough,” Ansolabehere says. “We’re looking at just making sure the landowners can keep their trees alive this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Central Valley water districts are in the same boat right now, which is why Ansolabehere says there’s been a lot of interest in this recycling project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lately, I’ve been getting a lot of phone calls,” he says, “meeting with people that want to do the same type of thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oil Industry as Water Source, Not Sink\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and agriculture have long been neighbors in Kern County. And it hasn’t been lost on farmers that while their water supplies are going dry this year, the industry next door is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\">swimming in billions of gallons\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s especially true on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, where many water districts rely almost entirely on tenuous supplies imported from elsewhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”54626724379a9606d2f66d79412499c5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have tremendous water resources that are a byproduct of oil production,” says Tupper Hull of the Western States Petroleum Association, an oil industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very conceivable that in the very near future,” Hull says, “oil production could be a net provider of water for California ag and other purposes, as opposed to a consumer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents have criticized the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">oil industry’s use of water\u003c/a>, largely because the controversial oil extraction technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, consumes freshwater. Recycling water would offset that use, but to duplicate Chevron’s project in other parts of the state, the industry would face significant hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High Water Treatment Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the problems they’ve seen at that project is very high arsenic levels in the water,” says Kassie Siegel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, an environmental advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few years ago, Chevron released water from the Kern River field into a local creek during the winter, when demand from farmers was low. The water wasn’t diluted and the company was fined by the regional water quality control board for violating limits on arsenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just shows again that there’s no safe way to deal with the oil and gas wastewater,” Siegel says. “Every single method that has been proposed and used has real risks and health harms associated with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron3-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron3-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Chevron's Kern River oil field produces millions of gallons of water a day. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chevron’s Kern River field produces millions of gallons of brackish water a day as a byproduct of oil extraction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dealing with contaminants could be even tougher in other oil fields. “The water that’s here at Kern River field is at an almost near freshwater quality,” says Chevron’s Abby Auffant, “and that is different from water elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water produced in the company’s other fields is significantly saltier and would need to go through a treatment process like reverse osmosis, which adds cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were able to identify a cost-effective manner in which to treat the water,” Auffant says, “it’s certainly something that we would be interested in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s very conceivable that in the very near future, oil production could be a net provider of water.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The economic case improves in drought years when water prices are sky-high, but drought economics only last so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally the water’s going for $30-40 an acre-foot,” says Ansolabehere. “When it costs you $500 to treat it, there’s not really a market except for years like this and then you can’t get the treatment in place in time to really make any effect. So you have to think a couple years ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As technology advances and reduces those costs, he adds, it becomes more likely that water recycling projects would come together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, the drought has added new urgency, as a reminder of the state’s limited water resources. “I think as the resource becomes more strained, people look to these other sources as a solution,” says Harry Starkey, general manager of the West Kern Water District, west of Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That conversation is happening on the west side,” Starkey says. “It’ll be interesting to see if you can get oil companies, that tend to be very private, to engage. Getting those two to partner up in those regards – they’re different classmates. It’s a matter of building trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s something many farmers are watching closely, as they face the long, dry summer ahead.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16174\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron1-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16174\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Water from Chevron's Kern River oil field supplies orchards near Bakersfield. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from Chevron’s Kern River oil field supplies almond orchards near Bakersfield. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoirs running low, many Central Valley farmers are struggling to keep their trees and crops alive this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the southern San Joaquin Valley, some are getting extra water from an unlikely source: the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the third largest oil-producing state in the country, extracting roughly 200 million barrels a year. But in the process of getting oil, companies also produce massive volumes of water, found naturally in the same underground formations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To produce one barrel of oil, we produce about nine barrels of water,” says Chevron’s Thep Smith, walking around the company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=209G4bJ7A9Y\">Kern River oil field\u003c/a>, east of Bakersfield. Almost 10,000 pump jacks cover the hills. The field is more than a century old, but is still the second-most productive in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock formations that bear oil in California are also full of briny, brackish water, leading to an old saying about oil companies in California: they’re actually water companies that get oil as a byproduct. “This is really a water plant that skims oil,” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cstrong>How Water and Oil Mix in California\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See how water\u003c/a> is part of fracking and oil production in California.\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15920\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/KQED-Fraq-panel1-blank.jpg\" alt=\"KQED-Fraq-panel1-blank\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After the oil is separated, Chevron handles millions of gallons of water a day. The company uses about a quarter of it to enhance oil production, turning the water into steam and injecting it back into the rock formation to boost oil flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stuff here is really heavy oil,” Smith says, “kind of like molasses. At room temperature, it actually is almost solid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After using some for steam, there’s still plenty of water to get rid of. Many companies dispose of it long-term by pumping it back underground, where it’s trapped in rock layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Pump Jacks to Produce\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the only project of its kind in the state, Chevron’s water travels several miles through a 40-inch pipe, until it arrives in a reservoir used by the Cawelo Water District. Chevron provides up to a quarter of the water district’s supply each year, around 26,000 acre-feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we have this water coming in, it’s a tremendous bonus,” says David Ansolabehere, general manager of the irrigation district, near Bakersfield. “We deliver water to about 45,000 acres, about 95 percent permanent crops which are nut trees, citrus and vineyards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district mixes Chevron’s water with an equal amount of freshwater, until it reaches a quality that works for local orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t deliver it straight,” Ansolabehere says. “It has too much salt, but we blend it down and then it’s irrigation quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16177\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Water from Chevron arrives in a reservoir that serves the Cawelo Water District. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from Chevron gushes out of a pipeline in a reservoir that serves the Cawelo Water District. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During this year’s drought, it’s the district’s only reliable supply, since water deliveries from state and federal water projects have been cut completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be very tough,” Ansolabehere says. “We’re looking at just making sure the landowners can keep their trees alive this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Central Valley water districts are in the same boat right now, which is why Ansolabehere says there’s been a lot of interest in this recycling project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lately, I’ve been getting a lot of phone calls,” he says, “meeting with people that want to do the same type of thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oil Industry as Water Source, Not Sink\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and agriculture have long been neighbors in Kern County. And it hasn’t been lost on farmers that while their water supplies are going dry this year, the industry next door is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\">swimming in billions of gallons\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s especially true on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, where many water districts rely almost entirely on tenuous supplies imported from elsewhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have tremendous water resources that are a byproduct of oil production,” says Tupper Hull of the Western States Petroleum Association, an oil industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very conceivable that in the very near future,” Hull says, “oil production could be a net provider of water for California ag and other purposes, as opposed to a consumer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents have criticized the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">oil industry’s use of water\u003c/a>, largely because the controversial oil extraction technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, consumes freshwater. Recycling water would offset that use, but to duplicate Chevron’s project in other parts of the state, the industry would face significant hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High Water Treatment Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the problems they’ve seen at that project is very high arsenic levels in the water,” says Kassie Siegel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, an environmental advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few years ago, Chevron released water from the Kern River field into a local creek during the winter, when demand from farmers was low. The water wasn’t diluted and the company was fined by the regional water quality control board for violating limits on arsenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just shows again that there’s no safe way to deal with the oil and gas wastewater,” Siegel says. “Every single method that has been proposed and used has real risks and health harms associated with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron3-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron3-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Chevron's Kern River oil field produces millions of gallons of water a day. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chevron’s Kern River field produces millions of gallons of brackish water a day as a byproduct of oil extraction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dealing with contaminants could be even tougher in other oil fields. “The water that’s here at Kern River field is at an almost near freshwater quality,” says Chevron’s Abby Auffant, “and that is different from water elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water produced in the company’s other fields is significantly saltier and would need to go through a treatment process like reverse osmosis, which adds cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were able to identify a cost-effective manner in which to treat the water,” Auffant says, “it’s certainly something that we would be interested in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s very conceivable that in the very near future, oil production could be a net provider of water.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The economic case improves in drought years when water prices are sky-high, but drought economics only last so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally the water’s going for $30-40 an acre-foot,” says Ansolabehere. “When it costs you $500 to treat it, there’s not really a market except for years like this and then you can’t get the treatment in place in time to really make any effect. So you have to think a couple years ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As technology advances and reduces those costs, he adds, it becomes more likely that water recycling projects would come together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, the drought has added new urgency, as a reminder of the state’s limited water resources. “I think as the resource becomes more strained, people look to these other sources as a solution,” says Harry Starkey, general manager of the West Kern Water District, west of Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That conversation is happening on the west side,” Starkey says. “It’ll be interesting to see if you can get oil companies, that tend to be very private, to engage. Getting those two to partner up in those regards – they’re different classmates. It’s a matter of building trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s something many farmers are watching closely, as they face the long, dry summer ahead.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nCalifornia is the third-largest oil producing state in the country. To produce oil, companies deal with massive amounts of water. They need it for hydraulic fracturing, and they produce a lot from underground. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">More in our related story\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Water Usage in the Fracking Process\" src=\"http://publicmedia.psu.edu/kqed/indexV2.html\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 626px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/water-oil-ratio-CA.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16193\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/water-oil-ratio-CA.jpg\" alt=\"Graphics designed by Penn State Public Media/WPSU\" width=\"626\" height=\"563\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphics designed by \u003ca href=\"http://exploreshale.org/\">Penn State Public Media/WPSU\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nCalifornia is the third-largest oil producing state in the country. To produce oil, companies deal with massive amounts of water. They need it for hydraulic fracturing, and they produce a lot from underground. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">More in our related story\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Water Usage in the Fracking Process\" src=\"http://publicmedia.psu.edu/kqed/indexV2.html\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 626px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/water-oil-ratio-CA.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16193\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/water-oil-ratio-CA.jpg\" alt=\"Graphics designed by Penn State Public Media/WPSU\" width=\"626\" height=\"563\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphics designed by \u003ca href=\"http://exploreshale.org/\">Penn State Public Media/WPSU\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "bay-area-cities-and-environmentalists-respond-to-crude-by-rail-boom",
"title": "Bay Area Cities and Environmentalists Respond to Crude-By-Rail Boom",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15986\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/tankcarsrichmond-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Tank cars parked in Richmond. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tank cars parked in Richmond. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More and more crude oil is being transported into California by rail lines, and questions about safety are prompting local governments and environmentalists to take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups filed suit yesterday against the Bay Area Air Quality Management District and energy company \u003ca href=\"http://www.kindermorgan.com/\">Kinder Morgan\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/03/14/trains-carrying-fracked-oil-spotted-in-bay-area/\">KPIX investigation\u003c/a> found Kinder Morgan has been unloading trains full of crude in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, the Richmond and Berkeley city councils both passed resolutions opposing crude-by-rail projects. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/5723\">Richmond’s\u003c/a> was against the Kinder Morgan operations; \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Clerk/City_Council/2014/03_Mar/Documents/2014-03-25_Item_29_Opposition_to_Rail_Transport_of_Hazardous.aspx\">Berkeley’s\u003c/a> against a \u003ca href=\"http://www.phillips66.com/EN/about/our-businesses/refining-marketing/refining/santamaria/Pages/rail-project-information.aspx\">Phillips 66\u003c/a> plan to build a rail terminal at its San Luis Obispo County refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a quick review of what’s going on with crude-by-rail in the Bay Area, and why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oil companies want to transport crude oil by train because it’s cheap and (relatively) local.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area refineries mostly get their oil from pipelines and ships, from \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/crude_oil_receipts.html\">Southern California, Alaska and the Middle East\u003c/a>. But there’s an oil boom right now in the middle part of North America. In North Dakota it’s oil coming from the Bakken formation, and in Alberta it’s from the tar sands. Oil companies want to get all that oil to the coasts, where the refineries and most of their customers are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In defense of the projects, oil companies point out that this oil is either from right here in the U.S. or from our friendly neighbor Canada, rather than from overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crude oil imports by rail into California have \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2013_crude_by_rail.html\">shot up in recent years\u003c/a>, from zero in early 2009, to more than a million barrels in December 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opponents of crude-by-rail are concerned about public safety and environmental impacts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”e32339a5417a6ad21b6a745149deb72f”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crude oil from Alberta’s tar sands is heavy and high in sulfur. Environmentalists say it’s “dirty,” that it pollutes more to get it out of the ground and to refine it. So that’s the climate change and air pollution side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, the safety concerns are mostly about the oil from the Bakken formation. It’s light and sweet, that is, lower in sulfur. But it’s also volatile. The oil trains that have derailed and exploded recently, including the one in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, that killed 47 people, were carrying Bakken crude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It turns out crude-by-rail was already coming into Richmond.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinder Morgan has been bringing in 100-car trains of crude oil to its \u003ca href=\"http://www.kindermorgan.com/business/products_pipelines/terminals_W_richmond.cfm\">terminal in Richmond\u003c/a>, which is on the BNSF rail line. \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/03/14/trains-carrying-fracked-oil-spotted-in-bay-area/\">KPIX followed the oil\u003c/a> as it was loaded into a truck and brought to the \u003ca href=\"http://tsocorp.com/refining/martinez-calif/\">Tesoro refinery in Martinez\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/news/press/2014/groups-challenge-crude-by-rail-shipments-to-bay-area-city\">environmental and community groups is suing\u003c/a> the Air District and Kinder Morgan to stop the operation. They say there should have been a full environmental review before bringing in trains full of crude oil. Kinder Morgan was already using the facility to bring in chemicals like ethanol. (The lawsuit is embedded at the bottom of this article.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pittsburgoilprotest.jpg\" alt=\"About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on January 11, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on January 11, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There are more crude-by-rail projects on the table in the Bay Area and Central Coast. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero wants to build a crude-by-rail terminal at its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">refinery in Benicia\u003c/a>. The city is working on an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=%7BC45EA667-8D39-4B30-87EB-9110A2F9CE13%7D\">environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pittsburg, an energy company called WesPac is trying to open an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/bay-area-residents-resist-crude-by-rail-as-accidents-rise/\">oil terminal\u003c/a> that would bring crude in by rail, pipeline and ship. The city recently reopened that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\">environmental impact report\u003c/a>, to do more research on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on the Central Coast, the Phillips 66 refinery in San Luis Obispo County has applied to build a rail terminal. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/planning/environmental/EnvironmentalNotices/railproject.htm\">comment period\u003c/a> on that project has also just been reopened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There has been some progress on making transporting crude oil by train safer.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board \u003ca href=\"https://www.ntsb.gov/news/2014/140123.html\">has been asking for safety upgrades\u003c/a> to the tank cars used to transport oil. Those would need to go through the U.S. Department of Transportation; the NTSB can make recommendations, but not regulations. That’s been a slow process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Association of American Railroads has announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.aar.org/newsandevents/Press-Releases/Pages/Freight-Railroads-Join-U-S-Transportation-Secretary-Foxx-in-Announcing-Industry-Crude-By-Rail-Safety-Initiative.aspx#.UzYLfYUXJfQ\">voluntary safety improvements\u003c/a> for crude-by-rail, including more inspections on rail lines, decreased speeds in urban areas and updated brake systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: underline\" title=\"View Crude-By-Rail Lawsuit on Scribd\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/215141448/Crude-By-Rail-Lawsuit\">Crude-By-Rail Lawsuit\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_75730\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/215141448/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/141950402&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Bay Area Cities and Environmentalists Respond to Crude-By-Rail Boom | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15986\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/tankcarsrichmond-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Tank cars parked in Richmond. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tank cars parked in Richmond. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More and more crude oil is being transported into California by rail lines, and questions about safety are prompting local governments and environmentalists to take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups filed suit yesterday against the Bay Area Air Quality Management District and energy company \u003ca href=\"http://www.kindermorgan.com/\">Kinder Morgan\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/03/14/trains-carrying-fracked-oil-spotted-in-bay-area/\">KPIX investigation\u003c/a> found Kinder Morgan has been unloading trains full of crude in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, the Richmond and Berkeley city councils both passed resolutions opposing crude-by-rail projects. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/5723\">Richmond’s\u003c/a> was against the Kinder Morgan operations; \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Clerk/City_Council/2014/03_Mar/Documents/2014-03-25_Item_29_Opposition_to_Rail_Transport_of_Hazardous.aspx\">Berkeley’s\u003c/a> against a \u003ca href=\"http://www.phillips66.com/EN/about/our-businesses/refining-marketing/refining/santamaria/Pages/rail-project-information.aspx\">Phillips 66\u003c/a> plan to build a rail terminal at its San Luis Obispo County refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a quick review of what’s going on with crude-by-rail in the Bay Area, and why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oil companies want to transport crude oil by train because it’s cheap and (relatively) local.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area refineries mostly get their oil from pipelines and ships, from \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/crude_oil_receipts.html\">Southern California, Alaska and the Middle East\u003c/a>. But there’s an oil boom right now in the middle part of North America. In North Dakota it’s oil coming from the Bakken formation, and in Alberta it’s from the tar sands. Oil companies want to get all that oil to the coasts, where the refineries and most of their customers are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In defense of the projects, oil companies point out that this oil is either from right here in the U.S. or from our friendly neighbor Canada, rather than from overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crude oil imports by rail into California have \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2013_crude_by_rail.html\">shot up in recent years\u003c/a>, from zero in early 2009, to more than a million barrels in December 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opponents of crude-by-rail are concerned about public safety and environmental impacts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crude oil from Alberta’s tar sands is heavy and high in sulfur. Environmentalists say it’s “dirty,” that it pollutes more to get it out of the ground and to refine it. So that’s the climate change and air pollution side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, the safety concerns are mostly about the oil from the Bakken formation. It’s light and sweet, that is, lower in sulfur. But it’s also volatile. The oil trains that have derailed and exploded recently, including the one in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, that killed 47 people, were carrying Bakken crude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It turns out crude-by-rail was already coming into Richmond.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinder Morgan has been bringing in 100-car trains of crude oil to its \u003ca href=\"http://www.kindermorgan.com/business/products_pipelines/terminals_W_richmond.cfm\">terminal in Richmond\u003c/a>, which is on the BNSF rail line. \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/03/14/trains-carrying-fracked-oil-spotted-in-bay-area/\">KPIX followed the oil\u003c/a> as it was loaded into a truck and brought to the \u003ca href=\"http://tsocorp.com/refining/martinez-calif/\">Tesoro refinery in Martinez\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/news/press/2014/groups-challenge-crude-by-rail-shipments-to-bay-area-city\">environmental and community groups is suing\u003c/a> the Air District and Kinder Morgan to stop the operation. They say there should have been a full environmental review before bringing in trains full of crude oil. Kinder Morgan was already using the facility to bring in chemicals like ethanol. (The lawsuit is embedded at the bottom of this article.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pittsburgoilprotest.jpg\" alt=\"About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on January 11, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on January 11, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There are more crude-by-rail projects on the table in the Bay Area and Central Coast. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero wants to build a crude-by-rail terminal at its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">refinery in Benicia\u003c/a>. The city is working on an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=%7BC45EA667-8D39-4B30-87EB-9110A2F9CE13%7D\">environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pittsburg, an energy company called WesPac is trying to open an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/bay-area-residents-resist-crude-by-rail-as-accidents-rise/\">oil terminal\u003c/a> that would bring crude in by rail, pipeline and ship. The city recently reopened that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\">environmental impact report\u003c/a>, to do more research on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on the Central Coast, the Phillips 66 refinery in San Luis Obispo County has applied to build a rail terminal. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/planning/environmental/EnvironmentalNotices/railproject.htm\">comment period\u003c/a> on that project has also just been reopened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There has been some progress on making transporting crude oil by train safer.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board \u003ca href=\"https://www.ntsb.gov/news/2014/140123.html\">has been asking for safety upgrades\u003c/a> to the tank cars used to transport oil. Those would need to go through the U.S. Department of Transportation; the NTSB can make recommendations, but not regulations. That’s been a slow process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Association of American Railroads has announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.aar.org/newsandevents/Press-Releases/Pages/Freight-Railroads-Join-U-S-Transportation-Secretary-Foxx-in-Announcing-Industry-Crude-By-Rail-Safety-Initiative.aspx#.UzYLfYUXJfQ\">voluntary safety improvements\u003c/a> for crude-by-rail, including more inspections on rail lines, decreased speeds in urban areas and updated brake systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: underline\" title=\"View Crude-By-Rail Lawsuit on Scribd\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/215141448/Crude-By-Rail-Lawsuit\">Crude-By-Rail Lawsuit\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_75730\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/215141448/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/141950402&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Utility Regulators Approve Plan to Replace San Onofre Power",
"headTitle": "Utility Regulators Approve Plan to Replace San Onofre Power | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4339\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/4338-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"The San Onofre nuclear power plant has been shut down since 2012. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Onofre nuclear power plant has been shut down since 2012. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a decision that’s stirring new debate about the future of California’s power supply, utility regulators on Thursday approved a plan that clears the way for Southern California utilities to replace electricity lost to the state’s energy grid when the San Onofre Nuclear Power Station shut down more than two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission voted unanimously to allow Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas and Electric to develop new sources of electricity. The \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M088/K979/88979084.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agency’s order\u003c/a> requires the companies to get at least part of the new power from renewable sources like wind and solar as well as through conservation and other measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the plan authorizes Edison to obtain between 500 megawatts and 700 megawatts of new capacity, with at least 400 megawatts coming from “preferred sources” like renewables. SDG&E won approval to procure between 500 megawatts and 800 megawatts of new power, with at least 200 megawatts coming from preferred sources. Any power that doesn’t come from renewables is likely to come from gas-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists say the CPUC’s decision increases the odds of seeing more polluting energy as California seeks to address climate change, but Commissioner Mike Florio said no one in the world has managed to run a complex electricity grid without some fossil-fuel energy to handle unexpected shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar production, for example, surges during the day when the sun is shining, then ebbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from environmental groups said the decision raises the risk of “new, gas-fired power plants that are often built in low-income communities of color.” They said existing gas plants are contributing to ozone pollution that leaves the Los Angeles basin with some of the dirtiest air in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the decision “does require that a portion of the energy come from renewable sources, the utilities will ultimately get to choose where the bulk of the energy comes from, which could include natural gas,” said the statement from the Sierra Club of California, the California Environmental Justice Alliance and Earthjustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another influential environmental group, the Natural Resources Defense Council, offered a more positive spin on the CPUC order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Martinez, the NRDC’s legal director for the group’s California energy initiatives, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/smartinez/its_official_efficiency_clean_energy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said in a blog post\u003c/a> that the group is disappointed that the commission’s decision authorized new gas-fired generation without taking full account of expected improvements in energy efficiency throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Martinez applauded the order as a “major and symbolic” and “groundbreaking” step that has the potential of replacing all the lost San Onofre power with clean energy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The final plan uses efficiency and other “preferred resources”—those resources with lower environmental impacts—like demand response (ways customers can consume less energy at key times during the day) and renewable energy such as wind and solar, as well as some upgrades to the electric system, to replace the vast majority of the lost SONGS generation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Today’s order did not contain any specific blueprint for power generation. The utilities are developing plans to generate or buy the power, which must be submitted to the commission for review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Nelson, Edison’s director of integrated planning and strategy, said the company was planning to buy the power from the market, if needed. The company was earlier permitted to make major power purchases to compensate for older gas plants that are being phased out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some gas is required to keep the system reliable,” he said. He said newer, cleaner-burning gas plants are not “inconsistent with cleaning up the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production at San Onofre, on the coast in San Diego County, stopped in January 2012, after a small radiation leak led to the discovery of damage to hundreds of virtually new tubes that carry radioactive water. It was closed permanently last year amid a long and costly dispute over whether it was safe to restart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant had provided enough power for about 1.4 million homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> The California Public Utilities Commission is making a final decision today on how to replace the San Onofre nuclear power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California plant stopped generating power in 2012 after a radiation leak was discovered. It turned out there was more extensive damage to the plant, and in June 2013, Southern California Edison decided to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/06/07/99105/San-Onofre-Close-San-Diego-Nuclear-Plant\">close it permanently\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC is expected to issue its decision on how to fill the 2,200 megawatt gap left by closing San Onofre in a \u003ca href=\"www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/aboutus/commmtgs.htm\">meeting Thursday morning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preliminary proposal issued last month would include renewable sources, to be constructed by Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/environment-and-nature/20140313/california-vies-to-fill-energy-gap-left-by-closed-san-onofre-nuclear-power-plant\">AP describes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The plan calls primarily for the use of clean energy, but one environmental group says it could leave too much leeway for dirtier energy to leak in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposal to the California Public Utilities Commission, the two utilities combined would be allowed to generate 1,500 megawatts of additional energy, so long as 60 percent of it came from sources like solar or wind, added efficiency, or voluntary conservation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press and KQED’s Molly Samuel and Dan Brekke. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4339\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/4338-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"The San Onofre nuclear power plant has been shut down since 2012. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Onofre nuclear power plant has been shut down since 2012. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a decision that’s stirring new debate about the future of California’s power supply, utility regulators on Thursday approved a plan that clears the way for Southern California utilities to replace electricity lost to the state’s energy grid when the San Onofre Nuclear Power Station shut down more than two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission voted unanimously to allow Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas and Electric to develop new sources of electricity. The \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M088/K979/88979084.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agency’s order\u003c/a> requires the companies to get at least part of the new power from renewable sources like wind and solar as well as through conservation and other measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the plan authorizes Edison to obtain between 500 megawatts and 700 megawatts of new capacity, with at least 400 megawatts coming from “preferred sources” like renewables. SDG&E won approval to procure between 500 megawatts and 800 megawatts of new power, with at least 200 megawatts coming from preferred sources. Any power that doesn’t come from renewables is likely to come from gas-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists say the CPUC’s decision increases the odds of seeing more polluting energy as California seeks to address climate change, but Commissioner Mike Florio said no one in the world has managed to run a complex electricity grid without some fossil-fuel energy to handle unexpected shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar production, for example, surges during the day when the sun is shining, then ebbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from environmental groups said the decision raises the risk of “new, gas-fired power plants that are often built in low-income communities of color.” They said existing gas plants are contributing to ozone pollution that leaves the Los Angeles basin with some of the dirtiest air in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the decision “does require that a portion of the energy come from renewable sources, the utilities will ultimately get to choose where the bulk of the energy comes from, which could include natural gas,” said the statement from the Sierra Club of California, the California Environmental Justice Alliance and Earthjustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another influential environmental group, the Natural Resources Defense Council, offered a more positive spin on the CPUC order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Martinez, the NRDC’s legal director for the group’s California energy initiatives, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/smartinez/its_official_efficiency_clean_energy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said in a blog post\u003c/a> that the group is disappointed that the commission’s decision authorized new gas-fired generation without taking full account of expected improvements in energy efficiency throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Martinez applauded the order as a “major and symbolic” and “groundbreaking” step that has the potential of replacing all the lost San Onofre power with clean energy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The final plan uses efficiency and other “preferred resources”—those resources with lower environmental impacts—like demand response (ways customers can consume less energy at key times during the day) and renewable energy such as wind and solar, as well as some upgrades to the electric system, to replace the vast majority of the lost SONGS generation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Today’s order did not contain any specific blueprint for power generation. The utilities are developing plans to generate or buy the power, which must be submitted to the commission for review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Nelson, Edison’s director of integrated planning and strategy, said the company was planning to buy the power from the market, if needed. The company was earlier permitted to make major power purchases to compensate for older gas plants that are being phased out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some gas is required to keep the system reliable,” he said. He said newer, cleaner-burning gas plants are not “inconsistent with cleaning up the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production at San Onofre, on the coast in San Diego County, stopped in January 2012, after a small radiation leak led to the discovery of damage to hundreds of virtually new tubes that carry radioactive water. It was closed permanently last year amid a long and costly dispute over whether it was safe to restart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant had provided enough power for about 1.4 million homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> The California Public Utilities Commission is making a final decision today on how to replace the San Onofre nuclear power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California plant stopped generating power in 2012 after a radiation leak was discovered. It turned out there was more extensive damage to the plant, and in June 2013, Southern California Edison decided to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/06/07/99105/San-Onofre-Close-San-Diego-Nuclear-Plant\">close it permanently\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC is expected to issue its decision on how to fill the 2,200 megawatt gap left by closing San Onofre in a \u003ca href=\"www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/aboutus/commmtgs.htm\">meeting Thursday morning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preliminary proposal issued last month would include renewable sources, to be constructed by Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/environment-and-nature/20140313/california-vies-to-fill-energy-gap-left-by-closed-san-onofre-nuclear-power-plant\">AP describes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The plan calls primarily for the use of clean energy, but one environmental group says it could leave too much leeway for dirtier energy to leak in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposal to the California Public Utilities Commission, the two utilities combined would be allowed to generate 1,500 megawatts of additional energy, so long as 60 percent of it came from sources like solar or wind, added efficiency, or voluntary conservation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press and KQED’s Molly Samuel and Dan Brekke. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "QUEST TV: Highway to Hydrogen",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bill Holloway loves showing off the sporty metallic sedan he uses to brave a150-mile commute to his job or while running errands around town. The 62-year-old resident of Alameda, California, will even hand over his keys -- as he did with me -- to individuals curious about the car and how it handles on neighborhood roads and busy highways. But what really makes his Mercedes a conversation starter is the fuel it uses: compressed hydrogen gas that gets converted into electricity to power the car’s electric motor and travel roughly 200 miles per fill-up, with water vapor as the only tailpipe emission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Holloway, a 62 year-old resident of Alameda, California, thinks his Mercedes hydrogen fuel cell car is the best city car he has ever owned. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Holloway, a 62 year-old resident of Alameda, California, thinks his Mercedes hydrogen fuel cell car is the best city car he has ever owned. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I took his hydrogen fuel cell vehicle for a spin, I had to agree that it was fun to drive and had that Ninja-quiet, electric car feel to it, much like a Toyota Prius. The comparison is apt, considering that in 2015, Toyota will release a new hydrogen car that can travel roughly 300 miles per fill-up, a range that is on par with conventional gasoline-powered cars. In spring 2014, Hyundai will release the \u003ca title=\"2015 Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell | Hydrogen-Powered Vehicle | Hyundai\" href=\"https://www.hyundaiusa.com/tucsonfuelcell/\">Tucson Fuel Cell\u003c/a>, an SUV that runs on hydrogen, for Southern California motorists willing to put down $2999 and pay $499 a month for a three-year lease, fuel and maintenance included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the commercial roll-out of new hydrogen cars is successful in California, the nation’s largest car market, the cars may then expand to other markets where concerns about CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions and climate change resonate among voters and consumers. In October 2013, for example, seven other states joined California on an ambitious initiative to place more than three million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2025, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the federal government is showing renewed interest in fuel cell technology and the infrastructure the cars desperately need to take off. In May 2013, the Department of Energy launched H2USA, a public-private partnership that includes the American Gas Association, automakers and other industries working together to make the production and delivery of hydrogen fuel cheaper and more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67734\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg\" alt=\"Filling up a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is similar to filling up a conventional gasoline-powered car. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Filling up a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle takes a few minutes, much like refueling a conventional car with gasoline. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as Holloway told me, “If someone wants a fuel cell car, I would give them a rousing thumbs up for their decision as long as they can find somewhere to fill it.” Currently, there is only one public hydrogen refueling station in Northern California where he can fill up his \u003ca title=\"B-Class F-CELL Electric Car - Fuel Cell Technology | Mercedes-Benz\" href=\"http://www.mbusa.com/mercedes/benz/green/electric_car\">Mercedes B-Class F-Cell\u003c/a>, which he leases from Mercedes for $950 a month, hydrogen included. At the time of our filming, only a handful of other drivers were leasing a Mercedes F-Cell in the San Francisco Bay Area, and only one other auto maker -- Honda -- was also leasing its fuel cell sedan, the \u003ca title=\"Honda FCX Clarity Overview - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle - Site\" href=\"http://fcx.honda.com/\">FCX Clarity\u003c/a>, to motorists based in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With only 300 to 400 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the nation’s roads, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://cafcp.org/\">California Fuel Cell Partnership\u003c/a>, the lack of hydrogen refueling stations has been a major stumbling block. A decade after former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s failed plan to build hundreds of hydrogen refueling stations up and down the state, the California Fuel Cell Partnership is today promoting a “\u003ca href=\"http://m.cafcp.org/sites/files/20120814_Roadmapv(Overview).pdf\">road map\u003c/a>” to prioritize the construction of 68 new hydrogen refueling stations in five geographic regions, such as Silicon Valley and Santa Monica/West L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with 19 new hydrogen refueling stations already in development, which are being built with the help of public dollars, thanks to recent legislation signed by Governor Jerry Brown, it’s far from certain that drivers will enthusiastically get behind the wheel of hydrogen cars that already have some catching up to do with Nissan Leafs, Chevy Volts, and other zero-emission vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67747\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67747\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg\" alt='A glimpse under the hood of the Mercedes F-Cell hydrogen fuel cell car. It looks like a conventional vehicle, except for the green \"H2\" gas sticker. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science' width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A glimpse under the hood of the Mercedes F-Cell which uses hydrogen instead of gasoline for fuel. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But in a state where the Toyota Prius was the best-selling car in 2012 and 2013, hydrogen cars may still have a chance among drivers concerned about the environment and tech-savvy motorists like Bill Holloway, who leased his fuel cell car because it appealed to his inner geek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at his house, with his car parked in his driveway, Holloway lifted the hood to reveal a pretty conventional-looking array of car parts, such as a battery and an air compressor. “You open the hood and it’s a normal car,” he said. “You put the key in, you put it in drive, and away you go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just don’t make a road trip out of it or you may hit a dead end trying to find a place to fill up - for now, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional footage and imagery used in “Highway to Hydrogen” QUEST video courtesy of: \u003c/em>\u003cem>American Honda Motor Co., Inc.; California Fuel Cell Partnership; Hyundai Motor America; KQED Newsroom; Lun So; Marc Marshall, Schatz Energy Research Center, Humboldt State University; Mercedes-Benz USA; Toyota Motor Corporation; University of California- Davis News Service\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Although auto makers have spent decades and billions of dollars to develop hydrogen fuel cell cars, only a few hundred of them are on the nation's roads. With new refueling stations in development and new models recently unveiled, are these zero-emission vehicles finally ready to roll? ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bill Holloway loves showing off the sporty metallic sedan he uses to brave a150-mile commute to his job or while running errands around town. The 62-year-old resident of Alameda, California, will even hand over his keys -- as he did with me -- to individuals curious about the car and how it handles on neighborhood roads and busy highways. But what really makes his Mercedes a conversation starter is the fuel it uses: compressed hydrogen gas that gets converted into electricity to power the car’s electric motor and travel roughly 200 miles per fill-up, with water vapor as the only tailpipe emission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Holloway, a 62 year-old resident of Alameda, California, thinks his Mercedes hydrogen fuel cell car is the best city car he has ever owned. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Holloway, a 62 year-old resident of Alameda, California, thinks his Mercedes hydrogen fuel cell car is the best city car he has ever owned. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I took his hydrogen fuel cell vehicle for a spin, I had to agree that it was fun to drive and had that Ninja-quiet, electric car feel to it, much like a Toyota Prius. The comparison is apt, considering that in 2015, Toyota will release a new hydrogen car that can travel roughly 300 miles per fill-up, a range that is on par with conventional gasoline-powered cars. In spring 2014, Hyundai will release the \u003ca title=\"2015 Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell | Hydrogen-Powered Vehicle | Hyundai\" href=\"https://www.hyundaiusa.com/tucsonfuelcell/\">Tucson Fuel Cell\u003c/a>, an SUV that runs on hydrogen, for Southern California motorists willing to put down $2999 and pay $499 a month for a three-year lease, fuel and maintenance included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the commercial roll-out of new hydrogen cars is successful in California, the nation’s largest car market, the cars may then expand to other markets where concerns about CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions and climate change resonate among voters and consumers. In October 2013, for example, seven other states joined California on an ambitious initiative to place more than three million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2025, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the federal government is showing renewed interest in fuel cell technology and the infrastructure the cars desperately need to take off. In May 2013, the Department of Energy launched H2USA, a public-private partnership that includes the American Gas Association, automakers and other industries working together to make the production and delivery of hydrogen fuel cheaper and more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67734\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg\" alt=\"Filling up a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is similar to filling up a conventional gasoline-powered car. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Filling up a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle takes a few minutes, much like refueling a conventional car with gasoline. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as Holloway told me, “If someone wants a fuel cell car, I would give them a rousing thumbs up for their decision as long as they can find somewhere to fill it.” Currently, there is only one public hydrogen refueling station in Northern California where he can fill up his \u003ca title=\"B-Class F-CELL Electric Car - Fuel Cell Technology | Mercedes-Benz\" href=\"http://www.mbusa.com/mercedes/benz/green/electric_car\">Mercedes B-Class F-Cell\u003c/a>, which he leases from Mercedes for $950 a month, hydrogen included. At the time of our filming, only a handful of other drivers were leasing a Mercedes F-Cell in the San Francisco Bay Area, and only one other auto maker -- Honda -- was also leasing its fuel cell sedan, the \u003ca title=\"Honda FCX Clarity Overview - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle - Site\" href=\"http://fcx.honda.com/\">FCX Clarity\u003c/a>, to motorists based in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With only 300 to 400 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the nation’s roads, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://cafcp.org/\">California Fuel Cell Partnership\u003c/a>, the lack of hydrogen refueling stations has been a major stumbling block. A decade after former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s failed plan to build hundreds of hydrogen refueling stations up and down the state, the California Fuel Cell Partnership is today promoting a “\u003ca href=\"http://m.cafcp.org/sites/files/20120814_Roadmapv(Overview).pdf\">road map\u003c/a>” to prioritize the construction of 68 new hydrogen refueling stations in five geographic regions, such as Silicon Valley and Santa Monica/West L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with 19 new hydrogen refueling stations already in development, which are being built with the help of public dollars, thanks to recent legislation signed by Governor Jerry Brown, it’s far from certain that drivers will enthusiastically get behind the wheel of hydrogen cars that already have some catching up to do with Nissan Leafs, Chevy Volts, and other zero-emission vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67747\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67747\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg\" alt='A glimpse under the hood of the Mercedes F-Cell hydrogen fuel cell car. It looks like a conventional vehicle, except for the green \"H2\" gas sticker. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science' width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A glimpse under the hood of the Mercedes F-Cell which uses hydrogen instead of gasoline for fuel. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But in a state where the Toyota Prius was the best-selling car in 2012 and 2013, hydrogen cars may still have a chance among drivers concerned about the environment and tech-savvy motorists like Bill Holloway, who leased his fuel cell car because it appealed to his inner geek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at his house, with his car parked in his driveway, Holloway lifted the hood to reveal a pretty conventional-looking array of car parts, such as a battery and an air compressor. “You open the hood and it’s a normal car,” he said. “You put the key in, you put it in drive, and away you go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just don’t make a road trip out of it or you may hit a dead end trying to find a place to fill up - for now, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional footage and imagery used in “Highway to Hydrogen” QUEST video courtesy of: \u003c/em>\u003cem>American Honda Motor Co., Inc.; California Fuel Cell Partnership; Hyundai Motor America; KQED Newsroom; Lun So; Marc Marshall, Schatz Energy Research Center, Humboldt State University; Mercedes-Benz USA; Toyota Motor Corporation; University of California- Davis News Service\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Gas Tax Proposed for California Would Change Existing Climate Law",
"headTitle": "Gas Tax Proposed for California Would Change Existing Climate Law | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14505\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/caremissions.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14505\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/caremissions.jpg\" alt=\"Under California climate law, gas prices are likely to rise in 2015. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under California climate law, gas prices are likely to rise next year. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State Senator Darrell Steinberg is proposing a carbon tax on gasoline that would put a price on the pollution that causes climate change. The plan would also preempt a key piece of California’s existing climate law, due to kick in next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s cap-and-trade program, created by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm\">Global Warming Solutions Act\u003c/a> of 2006, puts a limit on how much companies in California can pollute by pumping out greenhouse gases. Right now, it only applies to factories, refineries and other industrial polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year for the first time, transportation fuels will come under the program: oil companies will have to account for the emissions from Californians’ cars and trucks. The cost of buying additional pollution permits is one that companies are almost certain to pass along to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘For climate policy to work, it has to sting. I am concerned about who we sting.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Steinberg’s \u003ca href=\"http://sd06.senate.ca.gov/news/2014-02-20-steinberg-announces-major-proposal-strengthen-ca-climate-policy\">plan\u003c/a> would make it more direct, as a tax that we pay at the pump. His reasoning is that while drivers will pay more for gas either way, with a tax the increase is more predictable and transparent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under my proposal, the price of carbon fuel is projected to rise gradually and predictably,” Steinberg explained \u003ca href=\"http://sd06.senate.ca.gov/sites/sd06.senate.ca.gov/files/MASTER-Press-Club-2014-Speech.pdf\">in a speech\u003c/a> at the Sacramento Press Club on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento Democrat says his plan would also ensure that low-income Californians aren’t inordinately burdened by higher taxes, by building in an earned income tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Putting a price on carbon fuels is essential to salvaging our environment. For climate policy to work, it has to sting,” he said. “I am concerned about who we sting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What people in California also need is pollution cuts,” said Tim O’Connor, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.edf.org/climate/california-climate-launch-pad\">Environmental Defense Fund’s California Climate Initiative\u003c/a>. He said that while he supports some of the ideas behind Steinberg’s proposal, he’s concerned it could undermine California’s efforts to charge for the right to pollute, and to reduce greenhouse emissions overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”95fe02a5676e91eab10616cbeecd4297″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap-and-trade does both, by introducing a cap on emissions and then methodically lowering it, and by allowing companies to buy and trade pollution permits. The program launched in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opting for a tax instead of the market-based program might have been a good idea, said Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at University of California, Berkeley, but at this point, California is too invested in cap-and-trade. “The program is already running,” he said. “The fuels coming in in 2015 is already something that has been very much accounted for and vetted, and it would take a huge change in the program to now take fuels back out of the cap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, an industry group, welcomed Steinberg’s proposal in a statement. “By acknowledging that the state’s cap-and-trade regulations for fuels are about to have a significant impact on the cost of fuel for consumers, Sen. Steinberg has proposed a transparent carbon tax as an alternative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinberg’s bill would need a two-thirds majority to pass.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State Senator Darrell Steinberg is proposing a carbon tax on gasoline that would put a price on the pollution that causes climate change. The plan would also dismantle a key piece of California's existing climate law.",
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"description": "State Senator Darrell Steinberg is proposing a carbon tax on gasoline that would put a price on the pollution that causes climate change. The plan would also dismantle a key piece of California's existing climate law.",
"title": "Gas Tax Proposed for California Would Change Existing Climate Law | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14505\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/caremissions.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14505\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/caremissions.jpg\" alt=\"Under California climate law, gas prices are likely to rise in 2015. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under California climate law, gas prices are likely to rise next year. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State Senator Darrell Steinberg is proposing a carbon tax on gasoline that would put a price on the pollution that causes climate change. The plan would also preempt a key piece of California’s existing climate law, due to kick in next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s cap-and-trade program, created by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm\">Global Warming Solutions Act\u003c/a> of 2006, puts a limit on how much companies in California can pollute by pumping out greenhouse gases. Right now, it only applies to factories, refineries and other industrial polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year for the first time, transportation fuels will come under the program: oil companies will have to account for the emissions from Californians’ cars and trucks. The cost of buying additional pollution permits is one that companies are almost certain to pass along to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘For climate policy to work, it has to sting. I am concerned about who we sting.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Steinberg’s \u003ca href=\"http://sd06.senate.ca.gov/news/2014-02-20-steinberg-announces-major-proposal-strengthen-ca-climate-policy\">plan\u003c/a> would make it more direct, as a tax that we pay at the pump. His reasoning is that while drivers will pay more for gas either way, with a tax the increase is more predictable and transparent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under my proposal, the price of carbon fuel is projected to rise gradually and predictably,” Steinberg explained \u003ca href=\"http://sd06.senate.ca.gov/sites/sd06.senate.ca.gov/files/MASTER-Press-Club-2014-Speech.pdf\">in a speech\u003c/a> at the Sacramento Press Club on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento Democrat says his plan would also ensure that low-income Californians aren’t inordinately burdened by higher taxes, by building in an earned income tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Putting a price on carbon fuels is essential to salvaging our environment. For climate policy to work, it has to sting,” he said. “I am concerned about who we sting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What people in California also need is pollution cuts,” said Tim O’Connor, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.edf.org/climate/california-climate-launch-pad\">Environmental Defense Fund’s California Climate Initiative\u003c/a>. He said that while he supports some of the ideas behind Steinberg’s proposal, he’s concerned it could undermine California’s efforts to charge for the right to pollute, and to reduce greenhouse emissions overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap-and-trade does both, by introducing a cap on emissions and then methodically lowering it, and by allowing companies to buy and trade pollution permits. The program launched in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opting for a tax instead of the market-based program might have been a good idea, said Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at University of California, Berkeley, but at this point, California is too invested in cap-and-trade. “The program is already running,” he said. “The fuels coming in in 2015 is already something that has been very much accounted for and vetted, and it would take a huge change in the program to now take fuels back out of the cap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, an industry group, welcomed Steinberg’s proposal in a statement. “By acknowledging that the state’s cap-and-trade regulations for fuels are about to have a significant impact on the cost of fuel for consumers, Sen. Steinberg has proposed a transparent carbon tax as an alternative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinberg’s bill would need a two-thirds majority to pass.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Residents Resist Crude-by-Rail as Accidents Rise",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/02/20140217science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: \u003c/strong>On Tuesday, February 18, Pittsburg sent a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/WesPac-DEIR-Letter.pdf\">letter to WesPac\u003c/a>, reopening the comment period on the environmental review process for the project. The comment period had initially closed in September, 2013. This step will prolong the approval process for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on Friday, February 21, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ktiv.com/story/24787278/apnewsbreak-railroads-confront-crude-safety\">AP reported\u003c/a> that railroads that haul crude oil had reached an agreement with transportation officials to adopt increased safety measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> The city of Pittsburg, 20 miles east of Oakland, is considering approving a new oil terminal to supply crude to Bay Area refineries. The oil would come via ship, pipeline and railroad. But there have been a number of recent accidents around the United States involving rail shipments of crude oil, and some locals are concerned about the safety of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A Dynamite Factory in Our Backyard’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Saturday morning in January, about 150 people gathered at a playground in Pittsburg. Greg Osorio, a local pastor stepped up to a microphone and got the rally started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to put a dynamite factory in our backyard with crude oil bombs,” he said. “Right next to housing. Turn around and look at that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cluster of faded yellow metal oil tanks sit just behind the park. Each one is the size of a house. Right now they’re empty, and have been for 15 years. But they soon could be filled with crude oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Riding the Crude-by-Rail Boom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/train.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14385 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/train.jpg\" alt=\"Tank cars on the tracks in Pittsburg. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tank cars on the tracks in Pittsburg. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pittsburgterminalproject.com/index.htm\">WesPac\u003c/a>, an Irvine-based company, is proposing to re-open and upgrade the tanks. The property, which includes a power plant that’s still in use, once belonged to PG&E and is now owned by an energy company called NRG. WesPac wants to take over the tanks to bring in oil, store it and redistribute it to Bay Area refineries to make into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other products. The $200 million project would be able to store up to 375,000 barrels of oil in 17 tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s consistent with the types of operations that are going on in that area already,” said \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Art Diefenbach, the project manager for WesPac. This is an existing facility in a traditionally industrial town, he says, so the project makes sense here. After the tanks were decommissioned, neighborhoods grew up around them, but Diefenbach says that won’t present a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be installing additional safety equipment and noise reduction equipment and air pollution control equipment so that it’s actually going to be better than it is today,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Better, he means, than sitting empty. Plus, the project would create up to 40 permanent jobs, though those wouldn’t be guaranteed to Pittsburg residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But community members aren’t just concerned about the oil in the tanks; they’re also concerned about the trains that would deliver it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14372\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14372\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/crudebyrailincalifornia.png\" alt=\"Barrels of oil coming into California by train, 2009-2013. Data from the California Energy Commission.\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barrels of oil coming into California by train, 2009-2013. Data from the \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2013_crude_by_rail.html\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2008, there was no oil coming into California by rail. Last year in December alone, trains carried more than a million barrels into the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because there’s an oil boom in North Dakota and Canada, explained Tupper Hull, the spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem that we have is, there’s not a terribly good infrastructure to get oil to the coasts where most of the refining and frankly most of the customers are, for that energy, located,” he said.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without pipelines, oil companies are turning to trains. While crude delivered by rail accounts for a little less than two percent of all the oil California uses now, that may be changing. WesPac is one of six crude-by-rail projects being considered in the state. If they all get approved, rail could provide a quarter or more of California’s oil, according to the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Trains, More Accidents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more crude-by-rail has led to more crude-by-rail accidents. Last summer in Quebec, 47 people died when an oil train exploded. In the past four months, there have been derailments in Pennsylvania, North Dakota, Alabama and New Brunswick, Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”d273e0a75a34e70e6e84cc38b95cf978″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People here are concerned about that happening,” said Andres Soto, an organizer with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a>. “They’d rather prevent it than respond to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittsburg is a city that’s weathered industrial catastrophes before. In 1944, 320 people were killed when two Navy munitions ships in nearby Port Chicago exploded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andres Soto says he thinks oil companies aren’t being transparent about safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t want to admit the risk,” he said. “Because if they did, the community would say, ‘Not in my backyard.’ And the people have a right to say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been some responses: The National Transportation Safety Board is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/business/us-and-canada-urge-new-safety-rules-for-crude-oil-rail-shipments.html\">making recommendations\u003c/a> to improve crude-by-rail safety; Governor Jerry Brown’s budget proposal boosts funding for the agency that cleans up oil spills; Attorney General Kamala Harris wrote a letter to the Pittsburg planning department, expressing her concerns about the WesPac project, particularly the impacts on air quality and the risk of accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tupper Hull says the companies he works with are aware of the safety concerns, and he expects there will be more regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14383\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/monterreys.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14383 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/monterreys.jpg\" alt=\"Pittsburg residents George and Lyana Monterrey are among those leading protests against the oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"307\" height=\"173\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pittsburg residents George and Lyana Monterrey are among those leading protests against the oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re in one of these eras where the market has brought us good news, and now we’re catching up on the regulatory and the infrastructure side.” Good news, he said, because this is domestic oil—rather than from overseas—and it’s cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyana Monterrey, a Pittsburg resident and one of the people leading the charge against the project, isn’t buying it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not here,” she said. “Not next to a community. You don’t sacrifice people, community for your profits. That’s wrong. That’s an injustice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Pittsburg is\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\"> currently considering\u003c/a> the project. The city council is expected to decide on its fate soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googlemaps https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=696+west+10th+street+pittsburg+ca&aq=&sll=37.975598,-122.187538&sspn=0.220294,0.302467&t=h&gl=us&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=696+W+10th+St,+Pittsburg,+California+94565&ll=38.035383,-121.894855&spn=0.016901,0.027423&z=15&output=embed&w=640&h=500]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The oil tanks are the round shapes on the map.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The East Bay city of Pittsburg is considering a new oil terminal to supply crude to Bay Area refineries, but some locals are concerned about the safety of the project.",
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"title": "Bay Area Residents Resist Crude-by-Rail as Accidents Rise | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: \u003c/strong>On Tuesday, February 18, Pittsburg sent a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/WesPac-DEIR-Letter.pdf\">letter to WesPac\u003c/a>, reopening the comment period on the environmental review process for the project. The comment period had initially closed in September, 2013. This step will prolong the approval process for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on Friday, February 21, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ktiv.com/story/24787278/apnewsbreak-railroads-confront-crude-safety\">AP reported\u003c/a> that railroads that haul crude oil had reached an agreement with transportation officials to adopt increased safety measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> The city of Pittsburg, 20 miles east of Oakland, is considering approving a new oil terminal to supply crude to Bay Area refineries. The oil would come via ship, pipeline and railroad. But there have been a number of recent accidents around the United States involving rail shipments of crude oil, and some locals are concerned about the safety of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A Dynamite Factory in Our Backyard’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Saturday morning in January, about 150 people gathered at a playground in Pittsburg. Greg Osorio, a local pastor stepped up to a microphone and got the rally started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to put a dynamite factory in our backyard with crude oil bombs,” he said. “Right next to housing. Turn around and look at that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cluster of faded yellow metal oil tanks sit just behind the park. Each one is the size of a house. Right now they’re empty, and have been for 15 years. But they soon could be filled with crude oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Riding the Crude-by-Rail Boom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/train.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14385 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/train.jpg\" alt=\"Tank cars on the tracks in Pittsburg. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tank cars on the tracks in Pittsburg. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pittsburgterminalproject.com/index.htm\">WesPac\u003c/a>, an Irvine-based company, is proposing to re-open and upgrade the tanks. The property, which includes a power plant that’s still in use, once belonged to PG&E and is now owned by an energy company called NRG. WesPac wants to take over the tanks to bring in oil, store it and redistribute it to Bay Area refineries to make into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other products. The $200 million project would be able to store up to 375,000 barrels of oil in 17 tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s consistent with the types of operations that are going on in that area already,” said \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Art Diefenbach, the project manager for WesPac. This is an existing facility in a traditionally industrial town, he says, so the project makes sense here. After the tanks were decommissioned, neighborhoods grew up around them, but Diefenbach says that won’t present a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be installing additional safety equipment and noise reduction equipment and air pollution control equipment so that it’s actually going to be better than it is today,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Better, he means, than sitting empty. Plus, the project would create up to 40 permanent jobs, though those wouldn’t be guaranteed to Pittsburg residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But community members aren’t just concerned about the oil in the tanks; they’re also concerned about the trains that would deliver it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14372\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14372\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/crudebyrailincalifornia.png\" alt=\"Barrels of oil coming into California by train, 2009-2013. Data from the California Energy Commission.\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barrels of oil coming into California by train, 2009-2013. Data from the \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2013_crude_by_rail.html\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2008, there was no oil coming into California by rail. Last year in December alone, trains carried more than a million barrels into the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because there’s an oil boom in North Dakota and Canada, explained Tupper Hull, the spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem that we have is, there’s not a terribly good infrastructure to get oil to the coasts where most of the refining and frankly most of the customers are, for that energy, located,” he said.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without pipelines, oil companies are turning to trains. While crude delivered by rail accounts for a little less than two percent of all the oil California uses now, that may be changing. WesPac is one of six crude-by-rail projects being considered in the state. If they all get approved, rail could provide a quarter or more of California’s oil, according to the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Trains, More Accidents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more crude-by-rail has led to more crude-by-rail accidents. Last summer in Quebec, 47 people died when an oil train exploded. In the past four months, there have been derailments in Pennsylvania, North Dakota, Alabama and New Brunswick, Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People here are concerned about that happening,” said Andres Soto, an organizer with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a>. “They’d rather prevent it than respond to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittsburg is a city that’s weathered industrial catastrophes before. In 1944, 320 people were killed when two Navy munitions ships in nearby Port Chicago exploded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andres Soto says he thinks oil companies aren’t being transparent about safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t want to admit the risk,” he said. “Because if they did, the community would say, ‘Not in my backyard.’ And the people have a right to say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been some responses: The National Transportation Safety Board is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/business/us-and-canada-urge-new-safety-rules-for-crude-oil-rail-shipments.html\">making recommendations\u003c/a> to improve crude-by-rail safety; Governor Jerry Brown’s budget proposal boosts funding for the agency that cleans up oil spills; Attorney General Kamala Harris wrote a letter to the Pittsburg planning department, expressing her concerns about the WesPac project, particularly the impacts on air quality and the risk of accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tupper Hull says the companies he works with are aware of the safety concerns, and he expects there will be more regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14383\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/monterreys.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14383 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/monterreys.jpg\" alt=\"Pittsburg residents George and Lyana Monterrey are among those leading protests against the oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"307\" height=\"173\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pittsburg residents George and Lyana Monterrey are among those leading protests against the oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re in one of these eras where the market has brought us good news, and now we’re catching up on the regulatory and the infrastructure side.” Good news, he said, because this is domestic oil—rather than from overseas—and it’s cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyana Monterrey, a Pittsburg resident and one of the people leading the charge against the project, isn’t buying it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not here,” she said. “Not next to a community. You don’t sacrifice people, community for your profits. That’s wrong. That’s an injustice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Pittsburg is\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\"> currently considering\u003c/a> the project. 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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/LaserBay-0506-11956DP_14-300dp-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Inside NIF, a football-field sized array of lasers. (NIF)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside NIF, a football-field sized array of lasers. (NIF)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nuclear fusion is the holy grail of clean energy. It’s the energy the sun runs on. It doesn’t generate greenhouse gases or nuclear waste. It’s also been pretty much out of reach for mere mortals like us to create. But Tuesday, physicists at Lawrence Livermore National Lab’s National Ignition Facility said they’ve taken a significant step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/12/275896094/scientists-say-their-giant-laser-has-produced-nuclear-fusion\">NPR\u003c/a> gets into the details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laser is known as the \u003ca href=\"https://lasers.llnl.gov/\">National Ignition Facility\u003c/a>, or NIF. Constructed at a cost of more than $3 billion, it consists of 192 beams that take up the length of three football fields. For a brief moment, the beams can focus 500 trillion watts of power — more power than is being used in that same time across the entire United States — onto a target about the width of a No. 2 pencil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is fusion: a process where hydrogen atoms are squeezed together to make helium atoms.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The milestone that scientists published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13008.html\">Nature\u003c/a>, is this: more energy is coming out of that pellet of fuel than they’re putting in. But it’s not more energy than is in all those lasers \u003cem>overall\u003c/em>. Only about one percent of all the lasers’ energy is actually reaching the fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can think about this as a proof of principle,” Livermore Lab physicist Denise Hinkel told KQED. “Once we’ve performed the proof of principle it opens up the horizon and opportunities for different creative ways to use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science News calls it a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencenews.org/article/getting-warmer-attempt-reach-ignition\">modest milestone\u003c/a>“:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The reactions… produced nearly 10 times as much energy as the previous record for laser fusion research. But they still fall well short of recouping the energy supplied by the world’s most powerful laser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very important milestone,” says Steven Rose, a plasma physicist at Imperial College London. “However, there are many other milestones to pass.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>After scientists completed the experiment last fall, it generated some breathless headlines. This \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/physics/2013/10/fusion-breakthrough-nif-uh-not-really-%E2%80%A6\">article from Science\u003c/a> gives some perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, NIF has come under \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/in-livermore-still-waiting-on-nuclear-fusion/\">criticism\u003c/a> for falling short of expectations. It cost $5 billion (that’s construction plus operating costs), and missed its target of achieving ignition by October, 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more NIF? Here’s a video KQED produced about it before it opened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmIHD6P3rdo\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13901\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13901\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/shasta.jpg\" alt=\"Shasta Dam generates hydropower, controls floods and provides water to the Central Valley Project. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Dam generates hydropower, controls floods and provides water to the Central Valley Project. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s deepening drought could have an effect on the electricity supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydropower, which accounts for about 14 percent of the state’s power, comes from the mountains: reservoirs trap the snow as it melts, when the water is released it spins turbines and voila, electricity. But \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/rescond.pdf\">reservoir levels\u003c/a> are well below normal, stream flows are down to a trickle, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/30/sierra-snow-survey-offers-little-hope-as-drought-lingers/\">snowpack\u003c/a> is, frankly, pathetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”731cb6d168a90f04a5853a258393280a”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no cause for concern about shortages, according to Steven Greenlee, a spokesman with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Pages/default.aspx\">California Independent System Operator\u003c/a>, which manages California’s grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re used to balancing supply and demand whenever we have a sudden loss of a resource,” he said, pointing out that they deal with power plants and transmission lines going down all the time. But, he added, rates could go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With less hydroelectricity on the grid, which is a very cost-efficient and effective resource, we may have to run more natural gas units, and natural gas is a bit higher in its base price,” Greenlee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More natural gas also means more \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/natural-gas.html\">air pollution\u003c/a>, though Greenlee said solar and wind energy will also help make up for the decrease in hydropower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought is something utilities know to plan for in California, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/02/04/6125877/drought-cuts-into-states-hydro.html\">Sacramento Bee explained\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Utilities are also being a lot more careful about running their hydro plants, holding off as much as possible until summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can hold onto water and use it during the summer,” said Paul Moreno\u003ca href=\"http://topics.sacbee.com/Paul+Moreno/\" rel=\"nofollow\">,\u003c/a> spokesman for Pacific Gas and Electric Co. “We are managing our available water resources so this summer we’ll be able to deliver power.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/waterandpower/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13908 alignright\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/WarnerPowerAndWater300.jpg\" alt=\"WarnerPowerAndWater300\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\">\u003c/a>We explored the connection between water and power in California in a series couple years ago, and especially dug into how a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/06/17/hydropower-with-a-shrinking-snowpack/\">shrinking snowpack could affect electricity rates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The years 2007-09 were dry, for example, and in those years, Juliet Christian-Smith from the \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a> calculated the cost, both financial and environmental:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>She ran the numbers and found that as utilities were forced to switch some of the load to natural gas-fired plants to make up the difference, “The cost to electricity consumers was about $1.7 billion dollars.” That’s billion, with a “B.” And here are some more billions from the same time frame: 13 billion additional tons of carbon dioxide emissions because, well, burning natural gas emits CO2 and hydropower does not. Christian-Smith says that, “Given the impact of this drought on our energy production possibilities and the costs that we had to pay for energy, it’s important to think about what a longer and more severe drought might do.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California's deepening drought could have an effect on the electricity supply. Hydropower usually accounts for about 14 percent of the state's power, but with low reservoir levels, officials are preparing for it to be less.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With less hydroelectricity on the grid, which is a very cost-efficient and effective resource, we may have to run more natural gas units, and natural gas is a bit higher in its base price,” Greenlee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More natural gas also means more \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/natural-gas.html\">air pollution\u003c/a>, though Greenlee said solar and wind energy will also help make up for the decrease in hydropower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought is something utilities know to plan for in California, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/02/04/6125877/drought-cuts-into-states-hydro.html\">Sacramento Bee explained\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Utilities are also being a lot more careful about running their hydro plants, holding off as much as possible until summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can hold onto water and use it during the summer,” said Paul Moreno\u003ca href=\"http://topics.sacbee.com/Paul+Moreno/\" rel=\"nofollow\">,\u003c/a> spokesman for Pacific Gas and Electric Co. “We are managing our available water resources so this summer we’ll be able to deliver power.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/waterandpower/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13908 alignright\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/WarnerPowerAndWater300.jpg\" alt=\"WarnerPowerAndWater300\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\">\u003c/a>We explored the connection between water and power in California in a series couple years ago, and especially dug into how a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/06/17/hydropower-with-a-shrinking-snowpack/\">shrinking snowpack could affect electricity rates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The years 2007-09 were dry, for example, and in those years, Juliet Christian-Smith from the \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a> calculated the cost, both financial and environmental:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>She ran the numbers and found that as utilities were forced to switch some of the load to natural gas-fired plants to make up the difference, “The cost to electricity consumers was about $1.7 billion dollars.” That’s billion, with a “B.” And here are some more billions from the same time frame: 13 billion additional tons of carbon dioxide emissions because, well, burning natural gas emits CO2 and hydropower does not. Christian-Smith says that, “Given the impact of this drought on our energy production possibilities and the costs that we had to pay for energy, it’s important to think about what a longer and more severe drought might do.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pittsburgoilprotest.jpg\" alt=\"About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on Saturday, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on Saturday, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The East Bay city of Pittsburg is considering a new oil terminal, which would supply crude to Bay Area refineries. Some residents are hoping to stop the plan in its tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terminal would bring in oil via ship, pipeline and railroad. At maximum capacity, it could handle 375,000 barrels of crude a day. Local residents are concerned about the effects it would have on air and water quality, and — in light of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/regulators-face-growing-pressure-after-oil-by-rail-accidents-20140109\">a number of recent accidents\u003c/a> outside California — the safety of transporting crude oil by rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally on Saturday, about 150 people gathered to protest the project, proposed by an Irvine-based energy company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.wespac.com/index01.html\">WesPac\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got kids, we got grandkids, nieces and nephews and young people like myself who grew up here all our lives,” said Quincy Kaisa, president of the Pittsburg Ethics Council, a group formed to fight the oil terminal. “We hope to better the future of Pittsburg, but we can’t do that if WesPac is polluting our air and our water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7aba884b2c7b476e2da12e3cd59fb67d”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WesPac is proposing to re-open a marine terminal and oil storage facility that used to belong to PG&E. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pittsburgterminalproject.com/projectoverview.htm\">The company’s plan\u003c/a> is to update the existing infrastructure and to build a new rail terminal nearby, on property that would be leased from BNSF Railway Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our project is going to be completely silent and odorless and the safest facility in the country for this type of business,” said WesPac project manager Art Diefenbach. “And it’s consistent with the types of operations that are going on in that area already.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refineries here in the Bay Area have traditionally taken in crude via pipeline, from Southern California, or by ship, from Alaska or overseas. But California’s oil fields are producing less, while there’s a boom in the central part of the country, in places like North Dakota’s Bakken formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies are eager to get access to the lower-cost crude, and the way to get that crude oil to refineries on the West Coast is by rail. Valero, in Benicia, is looking to build \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">its own rail facility\u003c/a>, and there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansascity.com/2014/01/10/4742631/california-expects-more-crude.html\">other projects in the table\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after a series of derailments and explosions, transporting crude oil by rail — especially from the Bakken Shale in North Dakota — is coming under closer scrutiny. \u003ca href=\"http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/portal/site/PHMSA/menuitem.ebdc7a8a7e39f2e55cf2031050248a0c/?vgnextoid=c6efec1c60f23410VgnVCM100000d2c97898RCRD&vgnextchannel=d248724dd7d6c010VgnVCM10000080e8a8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=print\">Federal agencies are investigating\u003c/a> the risks of transporting Bakken crude by rail. And Governor Jerry Brown proposed boosting the funding for California’s oil spill response program in his \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/pdf/BudgetSummary/NaturalResources.pdf\">budget proposal\u003c/a>, citing the expected increase of oil shipments by rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\">Pittsburg is preparing an environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the WesPac project. That’s expected to be completed sometime this month, after which the planning department and city council will decide whether it can go forward.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pittsburgoilprotest.jpg\" alt=\"About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on Saturday, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on Saturday, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The East Bay city of Pittsburg is considering a new oil terminal, which would supply crude to Bay Area refineries. Some residents are hoping to stop the plan in its tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terminal would bring in oil via ship, pipeline and railroad. At maximum capacity, it could handle 375,000 barrels of crude a day. Local residents are concerned about the effects it would have on air and water quality, and — in light of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/regulators-face-growing-pressure-after-oil-by-rail-accidents-20140109\">a number of recent accidents\u003c/a> outside California — the safety of transporting crude oil by rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally on Saturday, about 150 people gathered to protest the project, proposed by an Irvine-based energy company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.wespac.com/index01.html\">WesPac\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got kids, we got grandkids, nieces and nephews and young people like myself who grew up here all our lives,” said Quincy Kaisa, president of the Pittsburg Ethics Council, a group formed to fight the oil terminal. “We hope to better the future of Pittsburg, but we can’t do that if WesPac is polluting our air and our water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WesPac is proposing to re-open a marine terminal and oil storage facility that used to belong to PG&E. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pittsburgterminalproject.com/projectoverview.htm\">The company’s plan\u003c/a> is to update the existing infrastructure and to build a new rail terminal nearby, on property that would be leased from BNSF Railway Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our project is going to be completely silent and odorless and the safest facility in the country for this type of business,” said WesPac project manager Art Diefenbach. “And it’s consistent with the types of operations that are going on in that area already.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refineries here in the Bay Area have traditionally taken in crude via pipeline, from Southern California, or by ship, from Alaska or overseas. But California’s oil fields are producing less, while there’s a boom in the central part of the country, in places like North Dakota’s Bakken formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies are eager to get access to the lower-cost crude, and the way to get that crude oil to refineries on the West Coast is by rail. Valero, in Benicia, is looking to build \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">its own rail facility\u003c/a>, and there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansascity.com/2014/01/10/4742631/california-expects-more-crude.html\">other projects in the table\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after a series of derailments and explosions, transporting crude oil by rail — especially from the Bakken Shale in North Dakota — is coming under closer scrutiny. \u003ca href=\"http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/portal/site/PHMSA/menuitem.ebdc7a8a7e39f2e55cf2031050248a0c/?vgnextoid=c6efec1c60f23410VgnVCM100000d2c97898RCRD&vgnextchannel=d248724dd7d6c010VgnVCM10000080e8a8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=print\">Federal agencies are investigating\u003c/a> the risks of transporting Bakken crude by rail. And Governor Jerry Brown proposed boosting the funding for California’s oil spill response program in his \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/pdf/BudgetSummary/NaturalResources.pdf\">budget proposal\u003c/a>, citing the expected increase of oil shipments by rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\">Pittsburg is preparing an environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the WesPac project. That’s expected to be completed sometime this month, after which the planning department and city council will decide whether it can go forward.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Environmental groups are generally lauding \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\">Governor Jerry Brown’s proposed budget\u003c/a>, which includes an outline for spending revenue from the state’s carbon auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/11/14/five-reasons-you-should-care-about-california%E2%80%99s-cap-and-trade-carbon-market/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> charges companies for the right to pollute. Fees are then supposed to be used for programs aimed at cutting greenhouse gas emissions and to shield consumers from any hikes in their electric bill caused by the regulation. Brown’s budget proposes how to spend $850 million from the program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12899\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/capandtradebudget.jpg\" alt=\"(Source: Governor's Full Budget Summary)\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Source: Governor’s Full Budget Summary)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter of the revenue is required to go towards helping environmentally disadvantaged areas, with one tenth invested within those communities.[contextly_sidebar id=”981f6f2762c3416bfb4ebc29109a638d”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most vulnerable to climate change are those who are low-income and communities of color,” said Mari Rose Taruc with the \u003ca href=\"http://apen4ej.org/\">Asian Pacific Environmental Network\u003c/a>. “A few of the priority investment areas include energy efficiency for low-income homes. It includes affordable transit-oriented development as part of a broader sustainable communities strategy, as well as urban forestry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the governor outraged environmentalists by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/14/enviros-livid-as-brown-diverts-cap-and-trade-funds/\">“borrowing” cap-and-trade revenues\u003c/a> to balance the general fund. This year’s budget includes $100 million being repaid from that loan, plus $750 million in expected revenue from the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall budget picture is rosier than in years past, as KQED’s Sacramento bureau chief \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/09/happy-days-are-here-again-brown-unveils-106-billion-budget-draft/\">Scott Detrow explains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Brace yourself, Californians: There’s no state budget crisis this year. Repeat: \u003cem>No crisis. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown didn’t actually say those exact words this morning as he unveiled \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/BudgetSummary/BSS/BSS.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his spending plan\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year, but he did sound a rare note of budget optimism. “For this year, there is very good news,” Brown said. “Good news in the fiscal stability and resources available for the state of California.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Other environmental budget items include $785,000 for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65 reform\u003c/a>; $655 million for state parks, including $40 million to catch up on deferred maintenance; $6.7 million for oil spill prevention and response, with an eye toward the expected increase in shipments of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/04/tank-battle-activists-take-aim-at-bay-area-crude-projects/\">crude oil by rail\u003c/a>; and $618 million for water-related spending, including conservation, infrastructure, flood prevention, drinking water and habitat restoration\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked in a press conference this morning about more immediate water concerns in this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/02/2013-californias-big-dry/\">very dry year\u003c/a>, Brown said he’ll do everything “humanly possible” to address water resources, but added, “Governors can’t make it rain.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Environmental groups are generally lauding Governor Jerry Brown's new budget, which includes an outline for spending revenue from the state's carbon auctions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Environmental groups are generally lauding \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\">Governor Jerry Brown’s proposed budget\u003c/a>, which includes an outline for spending revenue from the state’s carbon auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/11/14/five-reasons-you-should-care-about-california%E2%80%99s-cap-and-trade-carbon-market/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> charges companies for the right to pollute. Fees are then supposed to be used for programs aimed at cutting greenhouse gas emissions and to shield consumers from any hikes in their electric bill caused by the regulation. Brown’s budget proposes how to spend $850 million from the program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12899\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/capandtradebudget.jpg\" alt=\"(Source: Governor's Full Budget Summary)\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Source: Governor’s Full Budget Summary)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter of the revenue is required to go towards helping environmentally disadvantaged areas, with one tenth invested within those communities.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most vulnerable to climate change are those who are low-income and communities of color,” said Mari Rose Taruc with the \u003ca href=\"http://apen4ej.org/\">Asian Pacific Environmental Network\u003c/a>. “A few of the priority investment areas include energy efficiency for low-income homes. It includes affordable transit-oriented development as part of a broader sustainable communities strategy, as well as urban forestry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the governor outraged environmentalists by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/14/enviros-livid-as-brown-diverts-cap-and-trade-funds/\">“borrowing” cap-and-trade revenues\u003c/a> to balance the general fund. This year’s budget includes $100 million being repaid from that loan, plus $750 million in expected revenue from the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall budget picture is rosier than in years past, as KQED’s Sacramento bureau chief \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/09/happy-days-are-here-again-brown-unveils-106-billion-budget-draft/\">Scott Detrow explains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Brace yourself, Californians: There’s no state budget crisis this year. Repeat: \u003cem>No crisis. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown didn’t actually say those exact words this morning as he unveiled \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/BudgetSummary/BSS/BSS.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his spending plan\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year, but he did sound a rare note of budget optimism. “For this year, there is very good news,” Brown said. “Good news in the fiscal stability and resources available for the state of California.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Other environmental budget items include $785,000 for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65 reform\u003c/a>; $655 million for state parks, including $40 million to catch up on deferred maintenance; $6.7 million for oil spill prevention and response, with an eye toward the expected increase in shipments of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/04/tank-battle-activists-take-aim-at-bay-area-crude-projects/\">crude oil by rail\u003c/a>; and $618 million for water-related spending, including conservation, infrastructure, flood prevention, drinking water and habitat restoration\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked in a press conference this morning about more immediate water concerns in this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/02/2013-californias-big-dry/\">very dry year\u003c/a>, Brown said he’ll do everything “humanly possible” to address water resources, but added, “Governors can’t make it rain.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
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