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"title": "Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home?",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was Arnold Schwarzenegger at his most persuasive: The then-California governor laid out an audacious vision, borrowed from legislators, of the Golden State leading the world in fighting the damaging effects of climate change.[contextly_sidebar id=”4yjW5TIki5aMYR51Brh8CffNfLwFPXf3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal’s sweep was as expansive as the Governator’s sculpted chest. The Global Warming Solutions Act passed on the last day of the legislative session in 2006, with a promise that its suite of carbon-cutting goals would not only do no harm to California’s economy but would expand it, ushering in green jobs and attracting investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also required state agencies to consult with experts to provide periodic analysis of any effect on California’s economic health. But those infrequent and complex reports have merely proved why economics is the dismal science: There’s fuzzy math on all sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the world’s fifth-largest economy, spends billions of dollars every year to support its dozens of climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a separate state law requires economic analysis of major regulations, there is no requirement for a retrospective review. Environmental authorities calculate projections rather than audit the past, a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2017/3542/Improving-CA-Regulatory-Analysis-020317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">problem\u003c/a>\u003c/u> identified by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, which is preparing its own analysis for release later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it has been virtually impossible to tell whether the state’s regulations to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industrial emissions\u003c/a>, its demand that utilities use renewable energy and its push for residential solar panels have saved consumers money or added costs, driven businesses out or created new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger has been steadfast in saying the environmental laws he helped put in motion have outperformed expectations.[contextly_sidebar id=”9B9vsyp6osADOiOtCkkb2Af7I0LXkIXS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were told so many times by business leaders when we passed these environmental laws that businesses were going to leave the state, that the unemployment rate is going to rise, and it would be the end of our economy,” the former governor said in a speech in Vienna in June. “Quite the opposite has happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the promised benefits were that gross state product would increase on the order of $7 billion in 2020, and 100,000 new jobs would be added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with 2020 only 16 months away, it’s unclear whether those numbers will pan out. The state has produced no reliable evidence linking growth so far to climate policies. And economists say it’s nearly impossible to parse whether California’s good fortunes are the result of the environmental laws or despite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board, which developed the blueprint for implementation of the original law and those that have built on it, has expressed frustration. In a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/board/mt/2017/mt012717.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a>\u003c/u> last year, she appeared dissatisfied that the agency’s broad claims of economic benefit weren’t reflected more clearly in its projections, particularly concerning the state-run cap-and-trade system that limits how much companies are permitted to pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the stakes, hers was a breathtakingly candid admission: “We still don’t have the ability to capture, in any kind of models that seem to be available to us, at least some of the elements that we are intuitively claiming,” Nichols said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m wondering,” she went on, “if we have failed, in some way, to…do the kind of research that needs to be done, whether there’s a way to get that kind of research done, so that we’d have a better basis to use economics in decision making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s most recent projections are for the year 2030, outlined in a 132-page \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. With most factors weighed, the document says, California’s climate policies could reduce the economy by .03 percent—a negligible effect, according to economists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28691\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28691\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/mary_nichols-028-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\" width=\"450\" height=\"303\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And California appears well on the way to meeting its nearest goals for cutting greenhouse gases: reducing them over the next two years to what they were in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, said \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/people/bushnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Bushnell\u003c/a>\u003c/u>, an environmental economist at the University of California, Davis, “I think we oversold the argument this was going to cause growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we can really say is that the California economy is growing and doing well” right now, said Bushnell, who has twice participated in state review panels on the economic impact of environmental policy. “Everything else I would take with a huge boulder of salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de León says jobs growth can be traced directly to California’s continuing climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming off the worst economic recession we had, we created upwards of 500,000 jobs in the clean-energy space. That’s 500,000 jobs that didn’t exist were it not for the policies of the Senate, Assembly and the governor,” said de León, a Democrat from Los Angeles who is running to unseat U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His claim is an oft-cited \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://info.aee.net/advanced-energy-jobs-in-california-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistic\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. But many researchers say that measurement doesn’t distinguish between new jobs that add to the workforce and jobs that merely supplant old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/job-impacts-ca-rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a>\u003c/u> the state’s mandate that utilities get half of their power from renewable sources by 2030 will have created as many as 429,000 construction jobs from 2015 to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, labor unions and trade groups cite employment bumps whenever renewable-energy projects or other green mandates are rolled out. But much of that work is temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tricky task of projecting employment was noted by the \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2010/rsrc/ab32_impact/ab32_impact_030410.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislative analyst\u003c/a>\u003c/u> in 2010, when it found that the air board “was not able to provide reliable estimates of the jobs impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One mandate of the 2006 law was that the state consider the “maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reduction” of greenhouse gases. That caution was meant to protect California companies from suddenly absorbing undue burdens to comply.[contextly_sidebar id=”XYdFcHqhM3aNYGs4tzaxVXtXuR9lgldj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, which represents major employers in the state, said he supports the climate goals and agrees that so far the implementation of related policies hasn’t harmed the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added that companies have spent billions undertaking expensive changes to processing plants and manufacturing facilities in order to lower their emissions. And business leaders are concerned about what happens as greenhouse-gas restrictions become even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They understand that the next round of implementation could have Draconian impacts to cost,” Lapsley said, adding that some companies are reluctant to relocate to the state because of that uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to name any of those firms. And some experts say there’s often a host of reasons, including high taxes and soaring housing costs, that companies shy from establishing themselves in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials insist that California has wisely positioned itself to capitalize on the economy of the future, and they note that technology firms are busy developing next-generation batteries and innovating other carbon-free responses to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many benefits derived from California’s climate policies come at a price. The Air Resources Board says the state has spent more than $8 billion in the last four years to keep the programs running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2017-18, the Legislature and Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.caclimateinvestments.ca.gov/about-cci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appropriated\u003c/a> more than $2.7 billion to support greenhouse-gas reduction. The current budget allocates $1.5 billion. Nearly $53 million goes to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/adminfee/revenue.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State support takes many forms. Since 2009, for example, California has offered rebates on the purchase of electric or hydrogen-fuel vehicles, which may cost more than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s part of an effort to meet the governor’s target of putting 5 million \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-climate-fight-gets-harder-soon-big-culprit-cars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads in the next 12 years. The state plans to put $1.4 billion into electric-vehicle infrastructure and more rebates over the next seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say these are all monies well spent, that every dollar used to fight climate change attracts $6 of \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auctionproceeds/2018_cci_annual_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investment\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. That figure reflects, in part, investment generated by state-funded grants to help companies retrofit or buy new emissions-reducing equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-55157\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/health-graphic-600x240.jpg\" alt=\"Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board\" width=\"600\" height=\"240\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials also say climate laws will save the state as much as $11 billion in “avoided social costs”—lost productivity and even public health outlays—by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state says businesses and consumers alike will save money over time, through lower costs for power. For example, the mandate that beginning in 2020 new homes must have solar panels could add as much as $10,000 to house prices, but officials say those sums can be recouped over years of ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the board convened a symposium of esteemed economists, put them in a room for two days and asked them to devise the most effective formula to measure the economic effect of California’s environmental policies. They failed, disagreeing about which model to use, which assumptions to include and even about the advisability of making projections so far into the future about something as volatile as California’s nation-state economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The absence of any consensus then or since suggests how difficult real analysis is. “It’s an issue that we’ve been wrestling with,” said Emily Wimberger, the air board’s chief economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a million things influencing these numbers,” said Chris Thornberg, founding partner at the Beacon Economics consulting firm. The idea that it’s possible to measure the influence of climate policies “is ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was Arnold Schwarzenegger at his most persuasive: The then-California governor laid out an audacious vision, borrowed from legislators, of the Golden State leading the world in fighting the damaging effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal’s sweep was as expansive as the Governator’s sculpted chest. The Global Warming Solutions Act passed on the last day of the legislative session in 2006, with a promise that its suite of carbon-cutting goals would not only do no harm to California’s economy but would expand it, ushering in green jobs and attracting investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also required state agencies to consult with experts to provide periodic analysis of any effect on California’s economic health. But those infrequent and complex reports have merely proved why economics is the dismal science: There’s fuzzy math on all sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the world’s fifth-largest economy, spends billions of dollars every year to support its dozens of climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a separate state law requires economic analysis of major regulations, there is no requirement for a retrospective review. Environmental authorities calculate projections rather than audit the past, a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2017/3542/Improving-CA-Regulatory-Analysis-020317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">problem\u003c/a>\u003c/u> identified by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, which is preparing its own analysis for release later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it has been virtually impossible to tell whether the state’s regulations to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industrial emissions\u003c/a>, its demand that utilities use renewable energy and its push for residential solar panels have saved consumers money or added costs, driven businesses out or created new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger has been steadfast in saying the environmental laws he helped put in motion have outperformed expectations.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were told so many times by business leaders when we passed these environmental laws that businesses were going to leave the state, that the unemployment rate is going to rise, and it would be the end of our economy,” the former governor said in a speech in Vienna in June. “Quite the opposite has happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the promised benefits were that gross state product would increase on the order of $7 billion in 2020, and 100,000 new jobs would be added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with 2020 only 16 months away, it’s unclear whether those numbers will pan out. The state has produced no reliable evidence linking growth so far to climate policies. And economists say it’s nearly impossible to parse whether California’s good fortunes are the result of the environmental laws or despite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board, which developed the blueprint for implementation of the original law and those that have built on it, has expressed frustration. In a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/board/mt/2017/mt012717.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a>\u003c/u> last year, she appeared dissatisfied that the agency’s broad claims of economic benefit weren’t reflected more clearly in its projections, particularly concerning the state-run cap-and-trade system that limits how much companies are permitted to pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the stakes, hers was a breathtakingly candid admission: “We still don’t have the ability to capture, in any kind of models that seem to be available to us, at least some of the elements that we are intuitively claiming,” Nichols said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m wondering,” she went on, “if we have failed, in some way, to…do the kind of research that needs to be done, whether there’s a way to get that kind of research done, so that we’d have a better basis to use economics in decision making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s most recent projections are for the year 2030, outlined in a 132-page \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. With most factors weighed, the document says, California’s climate policies could reduce the economy by .03 percent—a negligible effect, according to economists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28691\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28691\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/mary_nichols-028-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\" width=\"450\" height=\"303\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And California appears well on the way to meeting its nearest goals for cutting greenhouse gases: reducing them over the next two years to what they were in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, said \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/people/bushnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Bushnell\u003c/a>\u003c/u>, an environmental economist at the University of California, Davis, “I think we oversold the argument this was going to cause growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we can really say is that the California economy is growing and doing well” right now, said Bushnell, who has twice participated in state review panels on the economic impact of environmental policy. “Everything else I would take with a huge boulder of salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de León says jobs growth can be traced directly to California’s continuing climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming off the worst economic recession we had, we created upwards of 500,000 jobs in the clean-energy space. That’s 500,000 jobs that didn’t exist were it not for the policies of the Senate, Assembly and the governor,” said de León, a Democrat from Los Angeles who is running to unseat U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His claim is an oft-cited \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://info.aee.net/advanced-energy-jobs-in-california-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistic\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. But many researchers say that measurement doesn’t distinguish between new jobs that add to the workforce and jobs that merely supplant old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/job-impacts-ca-rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a>\u003c/u> the state’s mandate that utilities get half of their power from renewable sources by 2030 will have created as many as 429,000 construction jobs from 2015 to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, labor unions and trade groups cite employment bumps whenever renewable-energy projects or other green mandates are rolled out. But much of that work is temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tricky task of projecting employment was noted by the \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2010/rsrc/ab32_impact/ab32_impact_030410.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislative analyst\u003c/a>\u003c/u> in 2010, when it found that the air board “was not able to provide reliable estimates of the jobs impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One mandate of the 2006 law was that the state consider the “maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reduction” of greenhouse gases. That caution was meant to protect California companies from suddenly absorbing undue burdens to comply.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, which represents major employers in the state, said he supports the climate goals and agrees that so far the implementation of related policies hasn’t harmed the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added that companies have spent billions undertaking expensive changes to processing plants and manufacturing facilities in order to lower their emissions. And business leaders are concerned about what happens as greenhouse-gas restrictions become even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They understand that the next round of implementation could have Draconian impacts to cost,” Lapsley said, adding that some companies are reluctant to relocate to the state because of that uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to name any of those firms. And some experts say there’s often a host of reasons, including high taxes and soaring housing costs, that companies shy from establishing themselves in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials insist that California has wisely positioned itself to capitalize on the economy of the future, and they note that technology firms are busy developing next-generation batteries and innovating other carbon-free responses to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many benefits derived from California’s climate policies come at a price. The Air Resources Board says the state has spent more than $8 billion in the last four years to keep the programs running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2017-18, the Legislature and Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.caclimateinvestments.ca.gov/about-cci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appropriated\u003c/a> more than $2.7 billion to support greenhouse-gas reduction. The current budget allocates $1.5 billion. Nearly $53 million goes to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/adminfee/revenue.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State support takes many forms. Since 2009, for example, California has offered rebates on the purchase of electric or hydrogen-fuel vehicles, which may cost more than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s part of an effort to meet the governor’s target of putting 5 million \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-climate-fight-gets-harder-soon-big-culprit-cars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads in the next 12 years. The state plans to put $1.4 billion into electric-vehicle infrastructure and more rebates over the next seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say these are all monies well spent, that every dollar used to fight climate change attracts $6 of \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auctionproceeds/2018_cci_annual_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investment\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. That figure reflects, in part, investment generated by state-funded grants to help companies retrofit or buy new emissions-reducing equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-55157\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/health-graphic-600x240.jpg\" alt=\"Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board\" width=\"600\" height=\"240\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials also say climate laws will save the state as much as $11 billion in “avoided social costs”—lost productivity and even public health outlays—by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state says businesses and consumers alike will save money over time, through lower costs for power. For example, the mandate that beginning in 2020 new homes must have solar panels could add as much as $10,000 to house prices, but officials say those sums can be recouped over years of ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the board convened a symposium of esteemed economists, put them in a room for two days and asked them to devise the most effective formula to measure the economic effect of California’s environmental policies. They failed, disagreeing about which model to use, which assumptions to include and even about the advisability of making projections so far into the future about something as volatile as California’s nation-state economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The absence of any consensus then or since suggests how difficult real analysis is. “It’s an issue that we’ve been wrestling with,” said Emily Wimberger, the air board’s chief economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/electric-cars-impact-electric-grid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concern \u003c/a>raised about the proliferation of plug-in electric vehicles in California is that they threaten to overwhelm an already stressed power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet with transportation being the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the state, the move toward electric vehicles will play a critical role in meeting California’s ambitious climate goals.[contextly_sidebar id=”ABv4pDlWl1S1P2glmujUyNdIAqB3sSwv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are about \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/sites/default/files/evs-ca-grid-op.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">369,000 electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads, and Gov. Jerry Brown hopes to bring that number up to 5 million by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might appear to put electric cars on a collision course with a fragile power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a report released Thursday by San Francisco-based think tank \u003ca href=\"https://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a> suggests that there’s less cause for worry than some have suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California grid is well placed to handle rapid growth in PEVs but advance planning and smart policy can ease the transition for the state’s power system,” said the\u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/sites/default/files/ccas-evs-ders-press-release2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statement\u003c/a> accompanying the report. Next 10 has been an advocate for putting more zero-emission vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report concludes that 3.9 million PEVs would suck up about 5 percent of the state’s current power needs, adding 15,500 gigawatt-hours to charging demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illustrating this modest increase in energy demand, researchers say a\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Chevrolet Bolt electric car that drives 50 miles per day uses about the same amount of power as an air conditioner cooling a three-bedroom home for three hours.[contextly_sidebar id=”SLV08DIIcYDT04N0einJ4VNySVyLVsQ2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s shift toward cleaner transportation will require upgrades to the energy system, according to the report, but the benefits will outweigh the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California wants to meet its zero-emission vehicle goals while keeping electricity affordable and reliable, it’s worth considering some policy levers that can help,” co-author Anand Gopal said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key measures the report recommends for a smoother transition include offering drivers off-peak charging incentives and “smart charging” programs, but the report notes potential barriers to these initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart charging is a method of regulating time and rate at which the vehicle is charged based on signals from the grid operator, allowing the car to stop charging at peak times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the barriers to a smooth transition to getting so many PEVs on the road, the report cites drivers’ privacy concerns and energy storage programs that use electric vehicle batteries to feed energy back to the grid. Often touted as a solution to grid stress, the report debunks the notion as costly and complex.[contextly_sidebar id=”GwbepcA8Q7D5Usw5DyrX2rre5BNddFQZ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stationary storage devices are a better solution, according to the report, because they’re more convenient to use than a “moving battery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, advances in technology such as smart devices for thermostats and refrigerators, which promise to make energy distribution more efficient and cost effective, make EV batteries a less attractive option for supplying energy to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more electric cars hit the road, meeting the increased energy demand might require moving away from investor-owned public utilities and toward smaller, community-based programs, according to Next 10 analysts.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/electric-cars-impact-electric-grid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concern \u003c/a>raised about the proliferation of plug-in electric vehicles in California is that they threaten to overwhelm an already stressed power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet with transportation being the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the state, the move toward electric vehicles will play a critical role in meeting California’s ambitious climate goals.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are about \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/sites/default/files/evs-ca-grid-op.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">369,000 electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads, and Gov. Jerry Brown hopes to bring that number up to 5 million by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might appear to put electric cars on a collision course with a fragile power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a report released Thursday by San Francisco-based think tank \u003ca href=\"https://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a> suggests that there’s less cause for worry than some have suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California grid is well placed to handle rapid growth in PEVs but advance planning and smart policy can ease the transition for the state’s power system,” said the\u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/sites/default/files/ccas-evs-ders-press-release2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statement\u003c/a> accompanying the report. Next 10 has been an advocate for putting more zero-emission vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report concludes that 3.9 million PEVs would suck up about 5 percent of the state’s current power needs, adding 15,500 gigawatt-hours to charging demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illustrating this modest increase in energy demand, researchers say a\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Chevrolet Bolt electric car that drives 50 miles per day uses about the same amount of power as an air conditioner cooling a three-bedroom home for three hours.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s shift toward cleaner transportation will require upgrades to the energy system, according to the report, but the benefits will outweigh the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California wants to meet its zero-emission vehicle goals while keeping electricity affordable and reliable, it’s worth considering some policy levers that can help,” co-author Anand Gopal said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key measures the report recommends for a smoother transition include offering drivers off-peak charging incentives and “smart charging” programs, but the report notes potential barriers to these initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart charging is a method of regulating time and rate at which the vehicle is charged based on signals from the grid operator, allowing the car to stop charging at peak times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the barriers to a smooth transition to getting so many PEVs on the road, the report cites drivers’ privacy concerns and energy storage programs that use electric vehicle batteries to feed energy back to the grid. Often touted as a solution to grid stress, the report debunks the notion as costly and complex.[contextly_sidebar id=”GwbepcA8Q7D5Usw5DyrX2rre5BNddFQZ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stationary storage devices are a better solution, according to the report, because they’re more convenient to use than a “moving battery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, advances in technology such as smart devices for thermostats and refrigerators, which promise to make energy distribution more efficient and cost effective, make EV batteries a less attractive option for supplying energy to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more electric cars hit the road, meeting the increased energy demand might require moving away from investor-owned public utilities and toward smaller, community-based programs, according to Next 10 analysts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday took the wraps off its plan to throttle back requirements for auto fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/us-epa-and-dot-propose-fuel-economy-standards-my-2021-2026-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a> essentially freezes automakers’ average fleet efficiency requirements, known as CAFE standards, at the 35 miles-per-gallon level planned for 2020, More stringent standards that were set to go into effect for 2021 to 2026 model years would be shelved, in what EPA calls “a much-needed time-out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the move is also seen as a challenge to the longstanding waiver California was granted under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Air Act, \u003c/a>allowing the state to set its own auto emissions standards. Twelve other states have followed California’s lead and in May, 17 states and the District of Columbia sued the EPA to halt the rollback. Thursday’s EPA action is not the “frontal assault” that some were expecting, but it does put that waiver up for review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Governor Jerry Brown called the proposal “a betrayal and an assault on the health of Americans everywhere.” The governor says it would mean consumers “pay more at the pump, get worse gas mileage and breathe dirtier air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will fight this stupidity in every conceivable way possible,” he vowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger weighed in, calling the move “stupid policy,” and eagerly picking up the gauntlet thrown down by the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope some conservatives with a conscience will act in Washington to defend California’s waiver based on these historic Republican values,” he wrote in a statement. “But if not, I’d remind them that California has won this battle before. We will win again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has already successfully sued to retain its automotive autonomy, when it was threatened under the George W. Bush administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of California is not looking to pick a fight with the Trump administration,” state attorney general Xavier Becerra told reporters in early May, “But we are ready for one — especially when the stakes are so high for the health of our families, our economy, and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s higher standards have been a keystone in the state’s strategy to clear the air of both toxic emissions and greenhouse gases. Transportation is California’s largest single contributor to global warming, accounting for about 40 percent of \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/qRXuCERPDmINj1LTwuruo?domain=arb.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> as of 2016. After bottoming out around 2012, those emissions have begun rising again, despite the state’s efforts to get more alternative-fuel vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927890\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 635px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg\" alt=\"Graph: transportion emissions trends\" width=\"635\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg 635w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks have begun rising again in California. \u003ccite>(Calif. Air Resources Board)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EPA Wants to ‘Correct’ Standards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says the move is “to correct the national automobile fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions standards to give the American people greater access to safer, more affordable vehicles that are cleaner for the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also asserts that under the 1975 law that first established the system, only the federal government has the authority to set fuel efficiency standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaning heavily on its safety argument, the administration has dubbed its proposal the SAFE rule, an acronym for Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles, claiming the change would save 1,000 lives per year, a contention that independent experts have questioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921972/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long-threatened\u003c/a> EPA rollback was begun under Scott Pruitt, the agency’s first administrator appointed by President Donald Trump. Pruitt, who asserted that California should not be allowed to “dictate” standards to the rest of the nation, later resigned under pressure, replaced by his deputy, Andrew Wheeler. California air regulators, who began negotiations with Pruitt and have continued them under Wheeler, say they see no apparent intent to back off of the anti-regulatory agenda of the Trump administration. But Wheeler seemed at least mildly conciliatory when talking with reporters last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly want to work with the state of California,” he said, “to make sure they’re comfortable with the direction the government wants to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA action, which is one step in a lengthy process, opens up a 60-day public comment period, leading to a final rule, possibly by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday took the wraps off its plan to throttle back requirements for auto fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/us-epa-and-dot-propose-fuel-economy-standards-my-2021-2026-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a> essentially freezes automakers’ average fleet efficiency requirements, known as CAFE standards, at the 35 miles-per-gallon level planned for 2020, More stringent standards that were set to go into effect for 2021 to 2026 model years would be shelved, in what EPA calls “a much-needed time-out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the move is also seen as a challenge to the longstanding waiver California was granted under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Air Act, \u003c/a>allowing the state to set its own auto emissions standards. Twelve other states have followed California’s lead and in May, 17 states and the District of Columbia sued the EPA to halt the rollback. Thursday’s EPA action is not the “frontal assault” that some were expecting, but it does put that waiver up for review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Governor Jerry Brown called the proposal “a betrayal and an assault on the health of Americans everywhere.” The governor says it would mean consumers “pay more at the pump, get worse gas mileage and breathe dirtier air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will fight this stupidity in every conceivable way possible,” he vowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger weighed in, calling the move “stupid policy,” and eagerly picking up the gauntlet thrown down by the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope some conservatives with a conscience will act in Washington to defend California’s waiver based on these historic Republican values,” he wrote in a statement. “But if not, I’d remind them that California has won this battle before. We will win again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has already successfully sued to retain its automotive autonomy, when it was threatened under the George W. Bush administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of California is not looking to pick a fight with the Trump administration,” state attorney general Xavier Becerra told reporters in early May, “But we are ready for one — especially when the stakes are so high for the health of our families, our economy, and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s higher standards have been a keystone in the state’s strategy to clear the air of both toxic emissions and greenhouse gases. Transportation is California’s largest single contributor to global warming, accounting for about 40 percent of \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/qRXuCERPDmINj1LTwuruo?domain=arb.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> as of 2016. After bottoming out around 2012, those emissions have begun rising again, despite the state’s efforts to get more alternative-fuel vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927890\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 635px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg\" alt=\"Graph: transportion emissions trends\" width=\"635\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg 635w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks have begun rising again in California. \u003ccite>(Calif. Air Resources Board)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EPA Wants to ‘Correct’ Standards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says the move is “to correct the national automobile fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions standards to give the American people greater access to safer, more affordable vehicles that are cleaner for the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also asserts that under the 1975 law that first established the system, only the federal government has the authority to set fuel efficiency standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaning heavily on its safety argument, the administration has dubbed its proposal the SAFE rule, an acronym for Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles, claiming the change would save 1,000 lives per year, a contention that independent experts have questioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921972/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long-threatened\u003c/a> EPA rollback was begun under Scott Pruitt, the agency’s first administrator appointed by President Donald Trump. Pruitt, who asserted that California should not be allowed to “dictate” standards to the rest of the nation, later resigned under pressure, replaced by his deputy, Andrew Wheeler. California air regulators, who began negotiations with Pruitt and have continued them under Wheeler, say they see no apparent intent to back off of the anti-regulatory agenda of the Trump administration. But Wheeler seemed at least mildly conciliatory when talking with reporters last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly want to work with the state of California,” he said, “to make sure they’re comfortable with the direction the government wants to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA action, which is one step in a lengthy process, opens up a 60-day public comment period, leading to a final rule, possibly by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Alameda County’s lone oil field will close up shop after nearly five decades of production, following a county decision to deny its permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field, located just outside of Livermore, produces about 30 barrels of oil a day and is one of two remaining oil producers in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebresources.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E&B Natural Resources\u003c/a>, which purchased the oil field in 2007, had reapplied for two 10-year conditional use permits in January that were approved in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Local governments can make a huge difference in the fight against climate change.’ \u003ccite>Hollin Kretzmann, senior attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The decision was challenged by two environmental advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Livermore Eco Watchdog, because of perceived risks to Livermore’s groundwater. Accompanying the appeal was a signed letter endorsed by more than 20 public health and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California wants to be a leader in fighting climate change, it makes no sense for us to continue approving oil projects like this around the state,” says Hollin Kretzmann, senior attorney at the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups’ appeal was brought before the Board of Supervisors last week in a hearing that ran for more than three hours. The board ultimately ruled against approving the permits in a 4-0 vote, with Supervisor Nate Miley abstaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the final vote, 4-0, reflects widespread opposition from people from all parts of the county,” says Kretzmann. “The board prioritized the community rather than the profits of the oil company and they should be applauded for standing up to the oil industry and putting their constituents first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B, based in Bakersfield, uses a method known as waterflooding to extract oil from the ground. The process pumps water down one well, pushing the oil up through a different well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local governments can make a huge difference in the fight against climate change by reducing fossil fuel production and moving us toward renewable energy,” says Kretzmann. “Alameda County has shown bold decision-making and it can be a model for other cities and counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for E&B called the decision “disappointing,” pointing to a recommendation to approve the permits from the county planning department and a green light from the local zoning board. He also implied that the fight isn’t over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“E&B Natural Resources will continue to explore a mutually agreeable resolution with the County on our conditional use permits,” spokesman Ted Cordova wrote in a statement emailed to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B has been cited for safety violations over the years, including a 2015 fine for failing to report a spill and disposing of the contaminated soil without testing for toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also that year, E&B agreed to an $85,000 settlement with the county for mixing sludge with non-hazardous soils. At the time, the company argued that the violation occurred before E&B took over operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two state agencies, the California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources and the Water Resources Board, have said that the groundwater \u003ca href=\"https://patch.com/california/livermore/protest-planned-public-meeting-new-exemption-oil-producer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beneath the oil field\u003c/a> is not suitable for drinking because of its high mineral and salt content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kretzmann takes issue with that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their own documents show that the water could be treated and used for other types of use,” he says. “The water should be preserved for future use — especially given the fact that California is likely to experience more severe droughts in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alameda County’s lone oil field will close up shop after nearly five decades of production, following a county decision to deny its permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field, located just outside of Livermore, produces about 30 barrels of oil a day and is one of two remaining oil producers in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebresources.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E&B Natural Resources\u003c/a>, which purchased the oil field in 2007, had reapplied for two 10-year conditional use permits in January that were approved in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Local governments can make a huge difference in the fight against climate change.’ \u003ccite>Hollin Kretzmann, senior attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The decision was challenged by two environmental advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Livermore Eco Watchdog, because of perceived risks to Livermore’s groundwater. Accompanying the appeal was a signed letter endorsed by more than 20 public health and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California wants to be a leader in fighting climate change, it makes no sense for us to continue approving oil projects like this around the state,” says Hollin Kretzmann, senior attorney at the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups’ appeal was brought before the Board of Supervisors last week in a hearing that ran for more than three hours. The board ultimately ruled against approving the permits in a 4-0 vote, with Supervisor Nate Miley abstaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the final vote, 4-0, reflects widespread opposition from people from all parts of the county,” says Kretzmann. “The board prioritized the community rather than the profits of the oil company and they should be applauded for standing up to the oil industry and putting their constituents first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B, based in Bakersfield, uses a method known as waterflooding to extract oil from the ground. The process pumps water down one well, pushing the oil up through a different well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local governments can make a huge difference in the fight against climate change by reducing fossil fuel production and moving us toward renewable energy,” says Kretzmann. “Alameda County has shown bold decision-making and it can be a model for other cities and counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for E&B called the decision “disappointing,” pointing to a recommendation to approve the permits from the county planning department and a green light from the local zoning board. He also implied that the fight isn’t over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“E&B Natural Resources will continue to explore a mutually agreeable resolution with the County on our conditional use permits,” spokesman Ted Cordova wrote in a statement emailed to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B has been cited for safety violations over the years, including a 2015 fine for failing to report a spill and disposing of the contaminated soil without testing for toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also that year, E&B agreed to an $85,000 settlement with the county for mixing sludge with non-hazardous soils. At the time, the company argued that the violation occurred before E&B took over operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two state agencies, the California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources and the Water Resources Board, have said that the groundwater \u003ca href=\"https://patch.com/california/livermore/protest-planned-public-meeting-new-exemption-oil-producer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beneath the oil field\u003c/a> is not suitable for drinking because of its high mineral and salt content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kretzmann takes issue with that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their own documents show that the water could be treated and used for other types of use,” he says. “The water should be preserved for future use — especially given the fact that California is likely to experience more severe droughts in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s power grid operators called for cutbacks in electricity usage as parts of the U.S. Southwest braced Tuesday for another day of scorching heat.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZY8Ecu9yuTnHbe3OTqnHOkh3jpoBksNp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With triple-digit temperatures expected throughout the region, the California Independent System Operator Corp. urged people to ease off blasting the air conditioner or using the washer or other appliances from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. Tuesday and again on Wednesday. Those are the times of peak power usage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The so-called Flex Alerts are needed to reduce the risk of rotating power outages, Cal-ISO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scattered outages during the day and evening Monday left several thousands of people sweltering even though overall state electrical demand never exceeded available power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials urged homeowners to keep the thermostat at 78 degrees (26 Celsius) or higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health also urged people to stay out of the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When temperatures are high, even a few hours of exertion may cause severe dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Others who are frail or have chronic health conditions may develop serious health problems leading to death if they are exposed to high temperatures over several days,” said Dr. Jeffrey Gunzenhauser, the county’s interim health officer.[contextly_sidebar id=”oZ3czPRTDr1KET89oZoGen2iPHSs9VJR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children, the elderly and pets shouldn’t be left in homes without air conditioning or in cars even with open windows because temperatures can quickly soar to life-threatening levels, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highs around the Southwest approached 120 degrees (49 Celsius) Monday, with Phoenix recording a steamy 115 degrees (46 Celsius), breaking the previous record for the day, the National Weather Service reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be suffocating,” said Don Frey, an employee of the moving company Budget Movers, told KTVK-TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An important tool of his trade was his water jug, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about Tuesday’s forecast of a high of 117 degrees (47 Celsius), Frey said: “Those are the days that you really wish you listened to mom and dad and stayed in school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters said southern Arizona will swelter through temperatures from 112 to 119 degrees through Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Texas, forecasts called for a high of 108 degrees along the border from Del Rio to Laredo and up to 101 in Central Texas and the Big Bend. However, temperatures were only expected to top out in the upper 90s over much of the state.[contextly_sidebar id=”maO7kGUrliSjBRD9YnzmAI74PrtHd42h”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of Utah were also issued an excessive heat warning with temperatures this week expected to approach 109 degrees. The weather service said the warning for Utah’s Dixie and Lake Powell regions will be in effect Tuesday through Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some of the highest temperatures over the next few days expected in Phoenix, officials cautioned people to stay hydrated and take advantage of cooler indoor buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maricopa County public health officials say 155 people died in the Phoenix area last year from heat-caused illnesses such heat stroke.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s power grid operators called for cutbacks in electricity usage as parts of the U.S. Southwest braced Tuesday for another day of scorching heat.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With triple-digit temperatures expected throughout the region, the California Independent System Operator Corp. urged people to ease off blasting the air conditioner or using the washer or other appliances from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. Tuesday and again on Wednesday. Those are the times of peak power usage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The so-called Flex Alerts are needed to reduce the risk of rotating power outages, Cal-ISO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scattered outages during the day and evening Monday left several thousands of people sweltering even though overall state electrical demand never exceeded available power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials urged homeowners to keep the thermostat at 78 degrees (26 Celsius) or higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health also urged people to stay out of the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When temperatures are high, even a few hours of exertion may cause severe dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Others who are frail or have chronic health conditions may develop serious health problems leading to death if they are exposed to high temperatures over several days,” said Dr. Jeffrey Gunzenhauser, the county’s interim health officer.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children, the elderly and pets shouldn’t be left in homes without air conditioning or in cars even with open windows because temperatures can quickly soar to life-threatening levels, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highs around the Southwest approached 120 degrees (49 Celsius) Monday, with Phoenix recording a steamy 115 degrees (46 Celsius), breaking the previous record for the day, the National Weather Service reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be suffocating,” said Don Frey, an employee of the moving company Budget Movers, told KTVK-TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An important tool of his trade was his water jug, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about Tuesday’s forecast of a high of 117 degrees (47 Celsius), Frey said: “Those are the days that you really wish you listened to mom and dad and stayed in school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters said southern Arizona will swelter through temperatures from 112 to 119 degrees through Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Texas, forecasts called for a high of 108 degrees along the border from Del Rio to Laredo and up to 101 in Central Texas and the Big Bend. However, temperatures were only expected to top out in the upper 90s over much of the state.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of Utah were also issued an excessive heat warning with temperatures this week expected to approach 109 degrees. The weather service said the warning for Utah’s Dixie and Lake Powell regions will be in effect Tuesday through Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some of the highest temperatures over the next few days expected in Phoenix, officials cautioned people to stay hydrated and take advantage of cooler indoor buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maricopa County public health officials say 155 people died in the Phoenix area last year from heat-caused illnesses such heat stroke.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Power Play: How California Lawmakers Are Navigating a Changing Energy Landscape",
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"content": "\u003cp>State lawmakers, faced with a transformed energy landscape and a glut of renewable power as California charges into a greener future, are considering a handful of measures to meet the state’s energy challenges.[contextly_sidebar id=”EJmArVVvxhckAoFcVPZYqb7X797Rvtwu”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The puzzle: how to align state policies with the quickly-evolving electricity world, one lawmakers are attempting to define and to decide how to regulate. Key questions include who should be allowed to distribute energy and whether to expand consumers’ choices in purchasing electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is taking place as the summer heat has been unleashed, when demand for power rises in concert with temperatures. At issue are the reliability and resiliency of the power grid–its ability to supply electricity consistently and balance itself when unexpected demand or supply arises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most sweeping and controversial ideas, presented as a way for California to produce and use electricity more efficiently, is chilling to some: the replacement of California’s own grid operator with a new regional authority to manage power for the entire West. The question is whether California would be giving up too much for too little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The proposal,\u003c/a> from Assemblyman Chris Holden, a Pasadena Democrat, would open a market for California’s solar power but could also loosen the state’s grip on some distribution decisions. It has been percolating for several years in one form or another and has been, to say the least, hotly debated in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, California’s Independent System Operator in its present form would disappear. But a multi-state power authority run by a board of representatives from each participating state would operate more efficiently, better harness renewable energy and expand the state’s climate policies to its neighbors, some supporters say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are already many masters in the existing energy distribution system to dispatch power west of the Rockies. On the top of that food chain is the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which oversees interstate power transmission.[contextly_sidebar id=”IdKYsh93WuwLpAlZBBqQL5cFav8M7sgv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holden’s legislation would still allow California to make its own decisions about buying energy, said Kellie Smith, chief consultant to the Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy, which Holden chairs. The new unified commission would fill a much-needed role as transmission traffic cop, she said: “We are not ceding any more authority than is there today. It’s status quo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents say that California would be handing over critical decision-making power to states peddling fossil-fueled energy. They say Rocky Mountain coal states could send more dirty power to California, if they elected to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To begin with, let me guarantee you that Wyoming and Utah have no interest in joining anything that California is part of,” Smith said. “Secondly, we already have coal coming in every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though California has policies requiring utilities to buy a certain amount of renewable power, it can be difficult to determine how each watt of power coming into the state was generated. A unified grid would provide needed transparency, supporters say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents counter that the proposal would saddle California consumers with unfair costs for new transmission lines and other infrastructure outside the state. That’s one reason some labor groups oppose the bill; they’ve estimated that tens of thousands of construction jobs will be lost to other states.[contextly_sidebar id=”cQ3cknIoWqQ8NBRccL892PDV2V4jMRDL”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Freedman, an attorney with The Utility Reform Network, a watchdog group, applauds improvements to the transmission system. But, echoing critics who say more vetting is needed, he expressed concern that the Holden bill would be a precipitous step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a decision that you can undo,” Freedman said in an interview. “There are many things a state can do to try out a new policy. If it doesn’t work, we can flip it. But once you get rid of the (current system) …. You can’t put the toothpaste back in the tube.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal has long held the interest of Gov. Brown and carries his considerable political weight behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proposals in the mix include allowing industrial and commercial energy customers to cut the cord that binds them to major utilities, as well as a bid to help California reach its climate goals by fashioning a fully “clean” power supply by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is at the forefront of the budding \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://cleanpowerexchange.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer choice\u003c/a>\u003c/u> movement—ratepayers leaving behind fortress-like utilities and grouping together to buy power from alternate providers. It’s caught on in more than a dozen California cities and counties, where local governments now determine their own power mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One bill the Legislature is considering would \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allow commercial and industrial power\u003c/a>\u003c/u> customers to join the “community choice” movement, unplugging from utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The freedom of choice would encourage competition among power providers and drive down prices, said the bill’s author, Sen. Robert Hertzberg, a Democrat from Van Nuys. The highly technical proposal has flown somewhat under the radar, and its prospects for passage are unclear.[contextly_sidebar id=”0zZ02hs5EewVYXJ5cjtt9fEJ5HduDX8q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Public Utilities Commission has already weighed in on the idea of community grids and other ad hoc arrangements. It warns in a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/2018SummerLoadsandResourcesAssessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">draft report\u003c/a>\u003c/u> that they could leave consumers vulnerable to fly-by-night operators, stranded without power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with CALmatters, commission President Michael Picker invoked the price spikes and blackouts that rolled across California during the energy crisis of 2000 after deregulation of the energy market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the last deregulation, we had a plan, however flawed,” Picker said. “Now, we are deregulating electric markets through dozens of different decisions and legislative actions, but we do not have a plan. If we are not careful, we can drift into another crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other ideas that will be on lawmakers’ agenda when they return from recess next month is one that failed last year and has a second chance now: Sen. Kevin de León’s \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a>\u003c/u> that California use 100 percent clean power within the next 27 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Democrat maintains that the state is on track to meet this accelerated goal. But his legislation is opposed by such powerful interests as the California Chamber of Commerce and the state’s three largest utilities. Legislative politics, which stymied the bill’s passage in the last session, appear to be at work again, making its prospects somewhat murky.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>,\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State lawmakers, faced with a transformed energy landscape and a glut of renewable power as California charges into a greener future, are considering a handful of measures to meet the state’s energy challenges.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The puzzle: how to align state policies with the quickly-evolving electricity world, one lawmakers are attempting to define and to decide how to regulate. Key questions include who should be allowed to distribute energy and whether to expand consumers’ choices in purchasing electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is taking place as the summer heat has been unleashed, when demand for power rises in concert with temperatures. At issue are the reliability and resiliency of the power grid–its ability to supply electricity consistently and balance itself when unexpected demand or supply arises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most sweeping and controversial ideas, presented as a way for California to produce and use electricity more efficiently, is chilling to some: the replacement of California’s own grid operator with a new regional authority to manage power for the entire West. The question is whether California would be giving up too much for too little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The proposal,\u003c/a> from Assemblyman Chris Holden, a Pasadena Democrat, would open a market for California’s solar power but could also loosen the state’s grip on some distribution decisions. It has been percolating for several years in one form or another and has been, to say the least, hotly debated in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, California’s Independent System Operator in its present form would disappear. But a multi-state power authority run by a board of representatives from each participating state would operate more efficiently, better harness renewable energy and expand the state’s climate policies to its neighbors, some supporters say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are already many masters in the existing energy distribution system to dispatch power west of the Rockies. On the top of that food chain is the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which oversees interstate power transmission.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holden’s legislation would still allow California to make its own decisions about buying energy, said Kellie Smith, chief consultant to the Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy, which Holden chairs. The new unified commission would fill a much-needed role as transmission traffic cop, she said: “We are not ceding any more authority than is there today. It’s status quo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents say that California would be handing over critical decision-making power to states peddling fossil-fueled energy. They say Rocky Mountain coal states could send more dirty power to California, if they elected to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To begin with, let me guarantee you that Wyoming and Utah have no interest in joining anything that California is part of,” Smith said. “Secondly, we already have coal coming in every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though California has policies requiring utilities to buy a certain amount of renewable power, it can be difficult to determine how each watt of power coming into the state was generated. A unified grid would provide needed transparency, supporters say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents counter that the proposal would saddle California consumers with unfair costs for new transmission lines and other infrastructure outside the state. That’s one reason some labor groups oppose the bill; they’ve estimated that tens of thousands of construction jobs will be lost to other states.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Freedman, an attorney with The Utility Reform Network, a watchdog group, applauds improvements to the transmission system. But, echoing critics who say more vetting is needed, he expressed concern that the Holden bill would be a precipitous step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a decision that you can undo,” Freedman said in an interview. “There are many things a state can do to try out a new policy. If it doesn’t work, we can flip it. But once you get rid of the (current system) …. You can’t put the toothpaste back in the tube.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal has long held the interest of Gov. Brown and carries his considerable political weight behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proposals in the mix include allowing industrial and commercial energy customers to cut the cord that binds them to major utilities, as well as a bid to help California reach its climate goals by fashioning a fully “clean” power supply by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is at the forefront of the budding \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://cleanpowerexchange.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer choice\u003c/a>\u003c/u> movement—ratepayers leaving behind fortress-like utilities and grouping together to buy power from alternate providers. It’s caught on in more than a dozen California cities and counties, where local governments now determine their own power mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One bill the Legislature is considering would \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allow commercial and industrial power\u003c/a>\u003c/u> customers to join the “community choice” movement, unplugging from utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The freedom of choice would encourage competition among power providers and drive down prices, said the bill’s author, Sen. Robert Hertzberg, a Democrat from Van Nuys. The highly technical proposal has flown somewhat under the radar, and its prospects for passage are unclear.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Public Utilities Commission has already weighed in on the idea of community grids and other ad hoc arrangements. It warns in a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/2018SummerLoadsandResourcesAssessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">draft report\u003c/a>\u003c/u> that they could leave consumers vulnerable to fly-by-night operators, stranded without power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with CALmatters, commission President Michael Picker invoked the price spikes and blackouts that rolled across California during the energy crisis of 2000 after deregulation of the energy market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the last deregulation, we had a plan, however flawed,” Picker said. “Now, we are deregulating electric markets through dozens of different decisions and legislative actions, but we do not have a plan. If we are not careful, we can drift into another crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other ideas that will be on lawmakers’ agenda when they return from recess next month is one that failed last year and has a second chance now: Sen. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Democrat maintains that the state is on track to meet this accelerated goal. But his legislation is opposed by such powerful interests as the California Chamber of Commerce and the state’s three largest utilities. Legislative politics, which stymied the bill’s passage in the last session, appear to be at work again, making its prospects somewhat murky.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new report indicates California’s much-heralded carbon trading program may actually be harming the neighborhoods it was designed to protect.[contextly_sidebar id=”dZbVEycaPgbvv7CngoBKbDY4u37PHPmT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002604#abstract0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> first study examining\u003c/a> social disparities in California’s cap-and-trade program, researchers found that 52 percent of companies regulated by the program saw an increase in annual average greenhouse gas emissions — and those companies are largely situated in disadvantaged communities, historically hit hardest by environmental pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The communities that live on the fence line near these industries saw hope in the [cap-and-trade program] that emissions might be reduced,” \u003ca href=\"https://erg.berkeley.edu/people/lara-cushing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lara Cushing\u003c/a>, the study’s lead author, said in a\u003ca href=\"https://news.sfsu.edu/news-story/state-cap-and-trade-program-not-benefitting-disadvantaged-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statement.\u003c/a> “But so far, we haven’t seen the kind of environmental equity benefits people were hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study,\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002604#sec016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> published \u003c/a>in PLOS Medicine, looked at the first three years of the program, first launched in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California boasts the world’s fourth-largest carbon-trading program, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924376/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was developed to help\u003c/a> the the state meet its ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program caps the total amount of emissions in the state but companies can increase their emissions by purchasing pollution “allowances” from companies that pollute less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while the program succeeded in lowering overall emissions statewide, the study found that specific industries actually produced more emissions since the program was launched.[contextly_sidebar id=”8GJCspiuAEItIZ7do3Fzrj2xvceDy8Z0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cement plants saw the highest increase in emissions, or 75 percent, followed by electricity generators, and the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increased emissions fell on neighborhoods with higher proportions of people of color and low-income residents, according the recent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, the carbon trade program was partly intended to mitigate the disproportionate impact of air pollution in these communities. California law requires 25 percent of the program’s revenue to be invested in environmental measures that benefit vulnerable neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cushing and other researchers found that most of the program’s revenue stream is actually flowing out of the state, due to the way the program is designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the program, companies can offset their emissions by purchasing credits through forestry or agriculture projects, including those in other states. Rather than investing in local green projects, the study found that 75 percent of those credits — which are part of a regulatory scheme paid for by California taxpayers — went towards projects outside of California.[contextly_sidebar id=”jn0YFwHSViZgJTxNV1CeqIhaEHkoUyDt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Good climate policy is good for environmental justice,” said Cushing. “What we’ve seen from our study is that so far, California’s cap-and-trade program hasn’t really delivered on that potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Cushing says that California should be praised for its ambitious climate goals. She points to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/grants/urban-greening/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">urban greening program\u003c/a> that funds forests and greenways in vulnerable communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional measures may be needed, according to Cushing, to ensure that California’s cap-and-trade program lives up to its potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Placing geographic restrictions on trading and limiting the amount of pollution ‘offset’ credits that companies can use to comply with the program could help incentivize local emissions reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California's carbon trading program is helping to subsidize green projects in other states even as a new report finds that 52 percent of participating companies are actually producing more, not less, emissions. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new report indicates California’s much-heralded carbon trading program may actually be harming the neighborhoods it was designed to protect.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002604#abstract0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> first study examining\u003c/a> social disparities in California’s cap-and-trade program, researchers found that 52 percent of companies regulated by the program saw an increase in annual average greenhouse gas emissions — and those companies are largely situated in disadvantaged communities, historically hit hardest by environmental pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The communities that live on the fence line near these industries saw hope in the [cap-and-trade program] that emissions might be reduced,” \u003ca href=\"https://erg.berkeley.edu/people/lara-cushing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lara Cushing\u003c/a>, the study’s lead author, said in a\u003ca href=\"https://news.sfsu.edu/news-story/state-cap-and-trade-program-not-benefitting-disadvantaged-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statement.\u003c/a> “But so far, we haven’t seen the kind of environmental equity benefits people were hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study,\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002604#sec016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> published \u003c/a>in PLOS Medicine, looked at the first three years of the program, first launched in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California boasts the world’s fourth-largest carbon-trading program, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924376/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was developed to help\u003c/a> the the state meet its ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program caps the total amount of emissions in the state but companies can increase their emissions by purchasing pollution “allowances” from companies that pollute less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while the program succeeded in lowering overall emissions statewide, the study found that specific industries actually produced more emissions since the program was launched.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cement plants saw the highest increase in emissions, or 75 percent, followed by electricity generators, and the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increased emissions fell on neighborhoods with higher proportions of people of color and low-income residents, according the recent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, the carbon trade program was partly intended to mitigate the disproportionate impact of air pollution in these communities. California law requires 25 percent of the program’s revenue to be invested in environmental measures that benefit vulnerable neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cushing and other researchers found that most of the program’s revenue stream is actually flowing out of the state, due to the way the program is designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the program, companies can offset their emissions by purchasing credits through forestry or agriculture projects, including those in other states. Rather than investing in local green projects, the study found that 75 percent of those credits — which are part of a regulatory scheme paid for by California taxpayers — went towards projects outside of California.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Good climate policy is good for environmental justice,” said Cushing. “What we’ve seen from our study is that so far, California’s cap-and-trade program hasn’t really delivered on that potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Cushing says that California should be praised for its ambitious climate goals. She points to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/grants/urban-greening/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">urban greening program\u003c/a> that funds forests and greenways in vulnerable communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional measures may be needed, according to Cushing, to ensure that California’s cap-and-trade program lives up to its potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Placing geographic restrictions on trading and limiting the amount of pollution ‘offset’ credits that companies can use to comply with the program could help incentivize local emissions reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California has reached a milestone goal in its effort to fight climate change ahead of schedule, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/climate-pollutants-fall-below-1990-levels-first-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to state officials\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”EWRMlfDVmwfthEniOWYgYaDuzxpvI0z9″]The state’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2016 were less than were emitted in 1990. That’s a target the state is required to meet by 2020 under AB 32, the landmark climate change law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a very positive signal and an affirmation that we’re on the right track,” says Michael Benjamin, chief of the Air Quality Planning and Science Division at the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With solar power booming, the major drop in emissions came from the electricity sector. Solar rose by 33 percent, as the state’s utilities continue to turn on renewable projects. California law requires them to get half of their electricity from renewable sources like solar and wind by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wet weather in 2016 also provided a boost. Power from imported from out-of-state hydroelectric dams, which is considered carbon-free, rose by 39 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During dry years, California uses less hydropower and more natural gas or other fossil fuels. But Benjamin says he doesn’t think a dry year would jeopardize California’s milestone in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1927263 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-800x652.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-800x652.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-160x130.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-768x626.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1020x831.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1200x978.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1180x962.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-960x782.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-240x196.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-375x306.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-520x424.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy.jpg 1498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Air Resources Board\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t say that we’d necessarily be above 1990 levels and if we were, I don’t think we’d be significantly above,” he says. “What’s happened is this continued good news story about solar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, emissions rose from California’s largest source: cars and trucks. It increased by 2 percent in 2016, continuing a steady rise as the economy has recovered. Those emissions fell during the recession because Californians were driving less and less freight was being moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cars and trucks have gotten more efficient, today drivers are buying bigger vehicles. The state is trying to encourage drivers to buy electric cars in order to meet a goal of 1.5 million zero-emissions vehicles on the roads by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s overall emissions peaked in 2004 but have fallen by 13 percent since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state now is reaching for an even more ambitious goal: cutting emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To hit that, officials at the California Air Resources Board say the state will have to double the rate of emissions cuts. That would require a major shift in the kinds of cars Californians drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been the easy part,” Benjamin says. “The early reductions are the easiest and least expensive. But at the same time, I think in transportation we will start to see a tipping point as the relative cost of electric vehicles gets lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That long-term goal could also be hampered by the Trump Administration, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923382/the-science-behind-the-brown-trump-feud-whats-really-at-stake-in-the-emissions-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moved to limit\u003c/a> some of the air quality and climate programs California has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always the threat that the federal government’s actions will limit our progress,” Benjamin says. “Be we here in California are pushing back extremely hard. We know what we need to do to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has reached a milestone goal in its effort to fight climate change ahead of schedule, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/climate-pollutants-fall-below-1990-levels-first-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to state officials\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The state’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2016 were less than were emitted in 1990. That’s a target the state is required to meet by 2020 under AB 32, the landmark climate change law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a very positive signal and an affirmation that we’re on the right track,” says Michael Benjamin, chief of the Air Quality Planning and Science Division at the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With solar power booming, the major drop in emissions came from the electricity sector. Solar rose by 33 percent, as the state’s utilities continue to turn on renewable projects. California law requires them to get half of their electricity from renewable sources like solar and wind by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wet weather in 2016 also provided a boost. Power from imported from out-of-state hydroelectric dams, which is considered carbon-free, rose by 39 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During dry years, California uses less hydropower and more natural gas or other fossil fuels. But Benjamin says he doesn’t think a dry year would jeopardize California’s milestone in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1927263 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-800x652.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-800x652.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-160x130.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-768x626.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1020x831.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1200x978.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1180x962.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-960x782.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-240x196.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-375x306.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-520x424.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy.jpg 1498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Air Resources Board\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t say that we’d necessarily be above 1990 levels and if we were, I don’t think we’d be significantly above,” he says. “What’s happened is this continued good news story about solar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, emissions rose from California’s largest source: cars and trucks. It increased by 2 percent in 2016, continuing a steady rise as the economy has recovered. Those emissions fell during the recession because Californians were driving less and less freight was being moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cars and trucks have gotten more efficient, today drivers are buying bigger vehicles. The state is trying to encourage drivers to buy electric cars in order to meet a goal of 1.5 million zero-emissions vehicles on the roads by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s overall emissions peaked in 2004 but have fallen by 13 percent since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state now is reaching for an even more ambitious goal: cutting emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To hit that, officials at the California Air Resources Board say the state will have to double the rate of emissions cuts. That would require a major shift in the kinds of cars Californians drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been the easy part,” Benjamin says. “The early reductions are the easiest and least expensive. But at the same time, I think in transportation we will start to see a tipping point as the relative cost of electric vehicles gets lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That long-term goal could also be hampered by the Trump Administration, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923382/the-science-behind-the-brown-trump-feud-whats-really-at-stake-in-the-emissions-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moved to limit\u003c/a> some of the air quality and climate programs California has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always the threat that the federal government’s actions will limit our progress,” Benjamin says. “Be we here in California are pushing back extremely hard. We know what we need to do to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In an attempt to reduce fire risks posed by power lines and equipment during extreme weather, PG&E has announced a new plan to cut off power in Northern California neighborhoods during times of extreme fire hazard. [contextly_sidebar id=”tEbNdC5Xer0aXcPjFFNTeynoiGJfj62S”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan has drawn criticism from officials and residents who worry the loss of power during dangerous weather could further threaten public safety. The power cuts would apply to regions the state has designated at high risk for wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some worry that a “pre-emptive blackout” could cause medical equipment to malfunction and cut off vital channels of communication in areas with spotty cellular service. \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/NE/20180626/NEWS/180629766\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Santa Cruz Sentinel \u003c/a>reported concerns raised Tuesday after a PG&E presentation at a Santa Cruz Board of Supervisors meeting:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s not just the power lines causing fires but a lot of other factors, and, in fact, cutting power lines exacerbates the danger,” County Supervisor Ryan Coonerty told two PG&E representatives Tuesday following a presentation on the utility’s wildfire safety plan at the board of supervisors meeting.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>PG&E says the plan will only apply in extreme circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is really, truly, a last-resort effort, and you’re right, there are tradeoffs,” Gregg Lemler, vice president of electric transmission operations at PG&E, said at the meeting. [contextly_sidebar id=”9h4SOS00OBEvr4djsKyAQWmKb9dZ7PVS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some PG&E customers are on board with the preemptive blackout plan\u003ca href=\"http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2018/06/12/pge-planned-power-outage-wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">, reports CBS Sacramento: \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I think if they’re proactively looking for a solution and looking ahead of something that could be hazardous or something that’s not good for the community, I think that’s pretty good,” said one customer.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s new measure follows a \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/newsreleases/2018/2017_WildfireSiege_Cause.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire report \u003c/a>linking 12 of last year’s destructive blazes to trees and branches that came into contact with PG&E power lines and equipment. The report also found potential violations of state law. Its findings have been forwarded to county district attorneys’ offices, according to\u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/newsreleases/2018/2017_WildfireSiege_Cause.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a Cal Fire news release.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E told investors last week it expects to pay at least $2.5 billion in damages from those fires, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.northbaybusinessjournal.com/northbay/sonomacounty/8458200-181/pge-sonoma-napa-mendocino-lake-wildfire-liability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the North Bay Business Journal.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an attempt to reduce fire risks posed by power lines and equipment during extreme weather, PG&E has announced a new plan to cut off power in Northern California neighborhoods during times of extreme fire hazard. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan has drawn criticism from officials and residents who worry the loss of power during dangerous weather could further threaten public safety. The power cuts would apply to regions the state has designated at high risk for wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some worry that a “pre-emptive blackout” could cause medical equipment to malfunction and cut off vital channels of communication in areas with spotty cellular service. \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/NE/20180626/NEWS/180629766\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Santa Cruz Sentinel \u003c/a>reported concerns raised Tuesday after a PG&E presentation at a Santa Cruz Board of Supervisors meeting:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s not just the power lines causing fires but a lot of other factors, and, in fact, cutting power lines exacerbates the danger,” County Supervisor Ryan Coonerty told two PG&E representatives Tuesday following a presentation on the utility’s wildfire safety plan at the board of supervisors meeting.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>PG&E says the plan will only apply in extreme circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is really, truly, a last-resort effort, and you’re right, there are tradeoffs,” Gregg Lemler, vice president of electric transmission operations at PG&E, said at the meeting. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some PG&E customers are on board with the preemptive blackout plan\u003ca href=\"http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2018/06/12/pge-planned-power-outage-wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">, reports CBS Sacramento: \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I think if they’re proactively looking for a solution and looking ahead of something that could be hazardous or something that’s not good for the community, I think that’s pretty good,” said one customer.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s new measure follows a \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/newsreleases/2018/2017_WildfireSiege_Cause.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire report \u003c/a>linking 12 of last year’s destructive blazes to trees and branches that came into contact with PG&E power lines and equipment. The report also found potential violations of state law. Its findings have been forwarded to county district attorneys’ offices, according to\u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/newsreleases/2018/2017_WildfireSiege_Cause.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a Cal Fire news release.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E told investors last week it expects to pay at least $2.5 billion in damages from those fires, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.northbaybusinessjournal.com/northbay/sonomacounty/8458200-181/pge-sonoma-napa-mendocino-lake-wildfire-liability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the North Bay Business Journal.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Bay Area will soon welcome the nation’s first energy efficient ferry, powered by hydrogen fuel cells, a green technology that its inventor hopes will revolutionize the global maritime industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”kvJIZpqgH2ivlFvoS4Q39uAqwkkditb1″]Alameda startup\u003ca href=\"https://ggzeromarine.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Golden Gate Zero Emission Marine\u003c/a> announced on Monday that it had won a $3 million grant from the California Air Resources Board to help develop the “Water-Go-Round” passenger ferry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prototype is the brainchild of Joseph Pratt, an engineer who has researched hydrogen fuel cell technology for 20 years. The catalyst for the Water-Go-Round was a study he led during his work at Sandia National Labs, where he helped develop fuel cell technology for use in cars, among other applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted in 2015 and 2016, looked at the feasibility of developing a high-speed ferry powered only by hydrogen fuel cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a real stretch from what had been previously done,” he said in an email, “as we were both challenging the limits of the technology as well as exploring the feasibility in a much greater depth than ever before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opportunity came knocking last year, when the California Air Resources Board announced it was accepting proposals for a zero-emissions ferry.[contextly_sidebar id=”J9x5WX8Cg0tHxuLAEpEmKAfJa8PdynAP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I heard of the grant,” Pratt wrote, “I knew it was the perfect opportunity to both prove the system works in the short term, while creating Golden Gate Zero Emission Marine in the process to enable long-term commercial adoption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maritime industry remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Pratt’s research has found that hydrogen fuel cells can power a wide range of vessels, from small fishing boats to the largest container ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The technology has the potential to completely eliminate emissions nearly everywhere we use combustion engines today,” he said, “including the entire maritime fleet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a global scale, shipping accounted for 2.8 percent of greenhouse gas emissions from 2007-2012, according to a study from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/Third%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20Summary%20and%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Maritime Organization. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to being energy-efficient, the technology developed by Pratt requires little maintenance compared to combustion engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fuel cells are fundamentally different than combustion engines in that they have very few moving parts, while an engine has hundreds, ” he noted, “and they convert fuel directly to electricity without any mixing or burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, for passengers, the ships make for a smooth, less smelly ride. The company is about halfway through the design phase and will begin construction of the ferry at an Alameda plant in late summer or early fall. Ultimately, Pratt says he wants to expand his work to include all kinds of diesel-powered ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal here is simple,” Pratt wrote. “Eliminate air pollution to improve our health and get our world’s climate back on track.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area will soon welcome the nation’s first energy efficient ferry, powered by hydrogen fuel cells, a green technology that its inventor hopes will revolutionize the global maritime industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Alameda startup\u003ca href=\"https://ggzeromarine.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Golden Gate Zero Emission Marine\u003c/a> announced on Monday that it had won a $3 million grant from the California Air Resources Board to help develop the “Water-Go-Round” passenger ferry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prototype is the brainchild of Joseph Pratt, an engineer who has researched hydrogen fuel cell technology for 20 years. The catalyst for the Water-Go-Round was a study he led during his work at Sandia National Labs, where he helped develop fuel cell technology for use in cars, among other applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted in 2015 and 2016, looked at the feasibility of developing a high-speed ferry powered only by hydrogen fuel cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a real stretch from what had been previously done,” he said in an email, “as we were both challenging the limits of the technology as well as exploring the feasibility in a much greater depth than ever before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opportunity came knocking last year, when the California Air Resources Board announced it was accepting proposals for a zero-emissions ferry.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I heard of the grant,” Pratt wrote, “I knew it was the perfect opportunity to both prove the system works in the short term, while creating Golden Gate Zero Emission Marine in the process to enable long-term commercial adoption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maritime industry remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Pratt’s research has found that hydrogen fuel cells can power a wide range of vessels, from small fishing boats to the largest container ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The technology has the potential to completely eliminate emissions nearly everywhere we use combustion engines today,” he said, “including the entire maritime fleet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a global scale, shipping accounted for 2.8 percent of greenhouse gas emissions from 2007-2012, according to a study from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/Third%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20Summary%20and%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Maritime Organization. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to being energy-efficient, the technology developed by Pratt requires little maintenance compared to combustion engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fuel cells are fundamentally different than combustion engines in that they have very few moving parts, while an engine has hundreds, ” he noted, “and they convert fuel directly to electricity without any mixing or burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, for passengers, the ships make for a smooth, less smelly ride. The company is about halfway through the design phase and will begin construction of the ferry at an Alameda plant in late summer or early fall. Ultimately, Pratt says he wants to expand his work to include all kinds of diesel-powered ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal here is simple,” Pratt wrote. “Eliminate air pollution to improve our health and get our world’s climate back on track.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Oil And Gas Industry Emits 60 Percent More Methane Than EPA Reports: Study",
"headTitle": "Oil And Gas Industry Emits 60 Percent More Methane Than EPA Reports: Study | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The nation’s oil and gas industry is emitting nearly 60 percent more methane than the official estimates of the Environmental Protection Agency, according to a\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> new study.\u003c/a> [contextly_sidebar id=”nZE8jEmsyCd7NTLNCds83wkJJsMXkhKt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, published in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, represent the “best estimate to date” of the environmental impact of the U.S. oil and gas industry, according to co-author Jeff Peischl, a scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth System Research Laboratory, in Boulder, Colorado. The study was led by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Defense Fund\u003c/a>, with support from 19 co-authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane, the main ingredient in natural gas, is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a heat-trapping gas over a 20-year period. It is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas and oil. Study authors attribute the majority of these emissions to leaks, equipment malfunctions and operator errors. Researchers estimate the leak rate to be 2.3 percent, versus the current EPA estimate of 1.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although the percentages seem small, the volume represents enough natural gas to fuel 10 million homes — lost gas worth an estimated $2 billion,” the EDF said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement that accompanied \u003c/a>the study.[contextly_sidebar id=”MPVsKnBjZurL3IhMGvXX5Gu6hV9YrO0N”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collectively, the oil and gas sector emits 13 million metric tons of methane per year, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the environmental impact of methane leaks in 2015 was roughly the same as carbon dioxide emissions from all U.S. coal plants operating that year. The problem spotlights a key challenge for an industry operating in an increasingly competitive, low-carbon economy. From\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/21062018/methane-leaks-oil-gas-climate-change-risks-natural-gas-slcp-global-warming-pollution-science-edf-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Inside Climate News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The study…presents some of the most compelling evidence to date that switching to gas from dirtier fuels like coal might not be as effective a climate strategy as its proponents suggest unless the gas industry improves how it controls leaks.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For the report’s underlying data, researchers turned to more than half a decade of studies on methane emissions conducted by more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/documents/Experts_Roster_Methane_Studies_6.14.18.pdf\">140 researchers from 40 institutions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is by far the most comprehensive body of research of its kind,” co-author Steven Hamburg, the EDF’s chief scientist, said in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>. “Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is the fastest, most cost-effective way we have to slow the rate of warming today, even as the larger transition to lower-carbon energy continues.”[contextly_sidebar id=”aX2zRp0OxjaSTMajTYlRE9wQe03gqdFZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Energy Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/october/commentary-the-environmental-case-for-natural-gas.html\">estimates\u003c/a> the oil and gas sector can slash its methane emissions by 75 percent, with up to two-thirds of those cuts happening at zero net cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry is taking issue with the study’s reliance on older data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No new measurements were made for this study,” Richard Meyer, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aga.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Gas Association’s \u003c/a>managing director of energy analysis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/06/21/emissions-greenhouse-gas-methane-higher-than-epa-thinks/722391002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told USA Today. \u003c/a>“Rather, the authors rely on previous scientific studies and a statistical method that produces higher emissions than previously estimated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']The study come as the Trump administration\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920211/u-s-district-court-rejects-trump-administration-attack-on-blm-waste-prevention-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> attempts\u003c/a> to undo Obama-era regulations meant to limit harmful methane emissions from oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EDF hopes to help governments and companies track their methane emissions by\u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/climate/how-methanesat-is-different\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> launching MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, a satellite that can measure and map human-caused methane emissions. The satellite is scheduled to launch in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The nation’s oil and gas industry is emitting nearly 60 percent more methane than the official estimates of the Environmental Protection Agency, according to a\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> new study.\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, published in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, represent the “best estimate to date” of the environmental impact of the U.S. oil and gas industry, according to co-author Jeff Peischl, a scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth System Research Laboratory, in Boulder, Colorado. The study was led by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Defense Fund\u003c/a>, with support from 19 co-authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane, the main ingredient in natural gas, is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a heat-trapping gas over a 20-year period. It is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas and oil. Study authors attribute the majority of these emissions to leaks, equipment malfunctions and operator errors. Researchers estimate the leak rate to be 2.3 percent, versus the current EPA estimate of 1.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although the percentages seem small, the volume represents enough natural gas to fuel 10 million homes — lost gas worth an estimated $2 billion,” the EDF said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement that accompanied \u003c/a>the study.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collectively, the oil and gas sector emits 13 million metric tons of methane per year, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the environmental impact of methane leaks in 2015 was roughly the same as carbon dioxide emissions from all U.S. coal plants operating that year. The problem spotlights a key challenge for an industry operating in an increasingly competitive, low-carbon economy. From\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/21062018/methane-leaks-oil-gas-climate-change-risks-natural-gas-slcp-global-warming-pollution-science-edf-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Inside Climate News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The study…presents some of the most compelling evidence to date that switching to gas from dirtier fuels like coal might not be as effective a climate strategy as its proponents suggest unless the gas industry improves how it controls leaks.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For the report’s underlying data, researchers turned to more than half a decade of studies on methane emissions conducted by more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/documents/Experts_Roster_Methane_Studies_6.14.18.pdf\">140 researchers from 40 institutions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is by far the most comprehensive body of research of its kind,” co-author Steven Hamburg, the EDF’s chief scientist, said in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/media/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>. “Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is the fastest, most cost-effective way we have to slow the rate of warming today, even as the larger transition to lower-carbon energy continues.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Energy Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/october/commentary-the-environmental-case-for-natural-gas.html\">estimates\u003c/a> the oil and gas sector can slash its methane emissions by 75 percent, with up to two-thirds of those cuts happening at zero net cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry is taking issue with the study’s reliance on older data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No new measurements were made for this study,” Richard Meyer, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aga.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Gas Association’s \u003c/a>managing director of energy analysis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/06/21/emissions-greenhouse-gas-methane-higher-than-epa-thinks/722391002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told USA Today. \u003c/a>“Rather, the authors rely on previous scientific studies and a statistical method that produces higher emissions than previously estimated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The study come as the Trump administration\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920211/u-s-district-court-rejects-trump-administration-attack-on-blm-waste-prevention-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> attempts\u003c/a> to undo Obama-era regulations meant to limit harmful methane emissions from oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EDF hopes to help governments and companies track their methane emissions by\u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/climate/how-methanesat-is-different\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> launching MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, a satellite that can measure and map human-caused methane emissions. The satellite is scheduled to launch in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new study finds that light-colored rooftops can help California cities save water by requiring less of it for lawns and gardens.[contextly_sidebar id=”92g9vzOhhckJNr2TQDPLgmilZ91RPPTv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent work \u003c/a>from researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, says that the widespread adoption of “cool roofs” could reduce outdoor water consumption by as much as 9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01346-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, marks the first body of research to look at the link between water and heat mitigation strategies in urban areas, says co-author Pouya Vahmani, a scientist at Berkeley Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might not do cool roofs just to save water, but it’s another previously unrecognized benefit of having cool roofs,” Vahmani \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> in a press release. “And from a water management standpoint, it’s an entirely different way of thinking – to manipulate the local climate in order to manipulate water demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average temperature of cities with high concentrations of cool roofs can drop by 3 to 4 degrees, which,\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> as the Mercury News reports\u003c/a>, is enough to save cities like San Francisco from about 4 percent to more than 7 percent of the water used per person daily for landscaping needs.[contextly_sidebar id=”sKPpPyH7oieJoxWGRxUhUUnM8Cd2NAN4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors calculate that a wholesale transition to cool roofs could cut water use by more than 9 percent (83 million gallons per day) in Los Angeles County and save more than 7 percent in Sacramento, San Francisco and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And cooler roofs are a pretty low-tech option, according to reporter Jeremy Rehm of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Herald\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Turning a roof into a “cool” one requires specially reflective asphalt granules or a coat of white paint, which effectively drops the difference between roof temperature and the air around it to between 5 and 10 degrees rather than the scorching 50 degrees difference before. Installing “cool” structures such as these roofs, then, decreases heat build-up and, in turn, means lawns and gardens need less water because less of it will evaporate.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The concept, which could cost homeowners between $6,000 to $15,000, has its skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think a single roof with asphalt containing reflective granules will do much,” Alex Bergeron, vice president of Teal City Roofing Inc. in San Jose, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> the Mercury News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vahmani emphasizes that significant results would require widespread adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was surprising was the significant amount of water being saved,” Vahmani said. “Our study gives cities another reason to consider widespread implementation of ‘cool’ roofs.”[contextly_sidebar id=”H5EPuleEsPUZZU7k3qjX7GmOAheeiubi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, researchers say they want to expand their area of focus to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First we want to see how much climate change will increase water demand. Next will be to come up with strategies to counter that,” Vahmani said. “In urban areas, we’ll look at how cool roofs can ameliorate both extreme heat demand and irrigation demands associated with future warming. Whereas in agricultural areas, the strategies will have to do with irrigation technology and what kind of crops you’re growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is part of Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/05/23/water-energy-nexus-new-focus-berkeley-lab-research/\">Water Resilience Initiative\u003c/a>, which focuses on the connections between water and energy use.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Rooftops that reflect heat result in urban areas using less water for landscaping needs, according to a new study that looks at the relationship between water and heat mitigation strategies.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors calculate that a wholesale transition to cool roofs could cut water use by more than 9 percent (83 million gallons per day) in Los Angeles County and save more than 7 percent in Sacramento, San Francisco and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And cooler roofs are a pretty low-tech option, according to reporter Jeremy Rehm of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Herald\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Turning a roof into a “cool” one requires specially reflective asphalt granules or a coat of white paint, which effectively drops the difference between roof temperature and the air around it to between 5 and 10 degrees rather than the scorching 50 degrees difference before. Installing “cool” structures such as these roofs, then, decreases heat build-up and, in turn, means lawns and gardens need less water because less of it will evaporate.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The concept, which could cost homeowners between $6,000 to $15,000, has its skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think a single roof with asphalt containing reflective granules will do much,” Alex Bergeron, vice president of Teal City Roofing Inc. in San Jose, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> the Mercury News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vahmani emphasizes that significant results would require widespread adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was surprising was the significant amount of water being saved,” Vahmani said. “Our study gives cities another reason to consider widespread implementation of ‘cool’ roofs.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, researchers say they want to expand their area of focus to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First we want to see how much climate change will increase water demand. Next will be to come up with strategies to counter that,” Vahmani said. “In urban areas, we’ll look at how cool roofs can ameliorate both extreme heat demand and irrigation demands associated with future warming. Whereas in agricultural areas, the strategies will have to do with irrigation technology and what kind of crops you’re growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is part of Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/05/23/water-energy-nexus-new-focus-berkeley-lab-research/\">Water Resilience Initiative\u003c/a>, which focuses on the connections between water and energy use.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
