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"title": "Live Blog: Federal Judge Oversees Climate Change Tutorial",
"headTitle": "Live Blog: Federal Judge Oversees Climate Change Tutorial | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:56pm:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> Judge Alsup wraps up today’s first ever court-mandated climate crash course by showing off his very cool space tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Alsup shows off his space tie for science day \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976547821204619264?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge Alsup has tie (painted?) with what looks like a Hubble snapshot of deep space – yellow galaxies on blue. He’s ready to science!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nathanael Johnson (@SavorTooth) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SavorTooth/status/976475761132453889?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:553pm:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> Judge Alsup tells attorneys for the other defendants that they have two weeks to sign on to Chevron’s presentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge is issuing an order to other defendants explaining whether they agree with every statement Boutrous said. “You can’t get away with sitting here in silence and then later saying he wasn’t speaking for us.” They’ve got two weeks \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976546870322388992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Concluding the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>, Judge Alsup tells counsel for other fossil fuel defendants that they have 2 weeks to file statements specifying whether they disagree with any points / concessions made by Chevron’s attorney. Should be interesting to see their responses!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976547719975133189?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:45pm:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Judge Alsup poses an interesting question about wildfires: Don’t they emit a lot of carbon dioxide into the air? Is that a tiny factor in the overall rise of CO2 emissions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Molly Peterson observes that the judge may be trying to compare wildfire CO2 emissions to fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wuebbles tells the judge that while he has not done the math on fire emissions, it is small compared to fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 3 percent of annual U.S. greenhouse gas emissions come from wildfires, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.forestfoundation.org/wildfires-and-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Forest Foundation\u003c/a>. The Los Angeles Daily News \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailynews.com/2017/12/14/in-californias-wildfires-a-looming-threat-to-climate-goals-smolders/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported last year\u003c/a> that in less than one week, wildfires in Southern California released harmful emissions equal to that of every car, truck and big rig on the state’s roads in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:19pm:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Climate science has advanced in the years since 2012, notes Nobel-prize winning climate researcher Wuebbles. He is responding to Chevron’s tactic of limiting their tutorial to certain years, a move that some say serves to downplay the impact of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Plaintiff cities get Don Wuebbles up there to say that “science did not stop” after 2012, when IPCC 5 stops…he’s here to talk to the National Climate Assessment \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Fem6LJwavx\">https://t.co/Fem6LJwavx\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976538039680868352?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Wuebbles wrote a chapter of the IPCC and is clarifying that the 2017 National Climate Assessment has newer reliable science in it as well \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976538368182923264?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:18pm: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>To wrap up the climate tutorial, city plaintiffs have called Donald Wuebbles, lead author of the U.S. National Climate Assessment, to speak about the best available science on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Seventeen of the last 18 years are the warmest on record, says \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Wuebbles?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Wuebbles\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatechange?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatechange\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976539725606481920?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:16pm:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> And that’s a wrap for Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron’s Boutrous finishes main presentation on science with a quote from Oakland’s bond disclosure (about not being able to predict natural events)…which isn’t exactly peer-reviewed. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatechange?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatechange\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976537517875871744?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:11pm:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> An interesting strategy being employed by the defense is to limit reports on sea level rise to certain years, a tactic which some say is misleading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron’s presentation on sea level rise focuses on IPCC from 2013, which means observations end a couple of years before that. Sea level rise science has advanced significantly since the last IPCC, as Gary Griggs indicated earlier. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976534296033837056?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">This is why a judge’s “tutorial” on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climate\u003c/a> can be dangerous: what recourse is there when Chevron presents data and graphics that are completely misleading? How do they get challenged? \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Peter Gleick (@PeterGleick) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PeterGleick/status/976534289335701505?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>11:55am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The attorney for Chevron just informed Judge Alsup that he is presenting on behalf of his client alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Interesting: Alsup to Chevron attny I thought you were presenting for all the defendants. Do they agree with you? Boutrous: I’m just presenting for Chevron. Alsup: Okay at some point I’m going to ask them all if they agree. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateTutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateTutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976530769165172736?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Both presentations also strongly influenced by Judge’s self-directed research, questions, and interests. When Chevron lawyer can’t answer scientific questions, Alsup has been more likely to let it go. Alsup pressed scientists further. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Rn6lTeqLit\">https://t.co/Rn6lTeqLit\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976534880979791872?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>11:48am:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Along with attempting to poke holes at the certainty of climate science, the defense is also arguing that the \u003cem>extraction\u003c/em> of fossil fuels is not the problem, rather its the \u003cem>use\u003c/em> of their product. That would seem to relate back to their earlier “collective responsibility” argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron’s lawyer at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> – “IPCC does not say it’s the extraction of fossil fuels [that causes climate change], it’s the energy use – the economic activity – that generates emissions.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ColumbiaClimate?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ColumbiaClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976526523103506433?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>11:27am:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> Judge Alsup is apparently a fan of physicist Svante Arrhenius, who in 1896, made the first estimate of climate sensitivity, calculating that surface temperatures would rise by 4-6°C if carbon dioxide emissions doubled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge Alsup professes admiration for Arrhenius: ‘Don’t you think it’s amazing that that guy..with just the back of an envelope with pencil and paper, could have made that projection that even today sounds pretty reasonable?’ Chevron atty agrees: ‘These scientists are brilliant.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Debra Kahn (@debra_kahn) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/debra_kahn/status/976521407466106880?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge Alsup shows his science nerd side. Marvels that at end of 19th C. Svante Arrhenius predicted roughly the same temp rise from CO2 increase as modern models. “He was one guy in an early age and using his brain and some data … You have to admire that.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ScienceInsider?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ScienceInsider\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Warren Cornwall (@WarrenCornwall) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WarrenCornwall/status/976520479090425856?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>11:21am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The strategy apparently being employed by Chevron lawyers is to argue that climate science is filled with uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>, it appears that Chevron’s strategy is to portray climate science as a field that is characterised by significant uncertainty and conflicting scientific theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976519729614475264?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“That’s how science works. It’s trial and error…It’s cumulative; it’s self-correcting.” – Chevron lawyer emphasizes uncertainty of Arrhenius’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatescience?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatescience\u003c/a> in 1951. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976516202867580928?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron’s graphs seem mostly to end around 2010 or 2012, which helps minimize the visual impact of the record temperatures in more recent years \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatechange?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatechange\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976525027276288001?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>11:10am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> KQED’S Molly Peterson reports that during the summary portion of early 20th century climate science, Judge Alsup interrupted the Chevron attorney to point out that he skipped meterologist Guy Callendar’s landmark 1938 report linking fossil fuels to global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about Callendar’s findings at \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2013/apr/22/guy-callendar-climate-fossil-fuels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Someone established a Twitter account in 2014 for Guy Callendar, the scientist referenced by Judge Alsup in the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/7ChTftlrU4\">https://t.co/7ChTftlrU4\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976521896782016512?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10:58am: \u003c/strong>Remarks on\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the defense’s presentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge and Chevron attorney seem to establish that since 1951, it’s been accepted that CO2 has a warming effect. Oil company attorney isn’t great at answering judge’s science questions; does it matter? Hard to say. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976517515999244288?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Interesting that Alsup was quick to prevent plaintiffs from “getting political” but hasn’t said anything about Chevron critiquing policies of SF & Oakland, and those recommended by IPCC, in first five minutes of presentation \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976506236253302784?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>10:35am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The attorney for Chevron is largely relying on data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron presenting a history of IPCC summaries, not a history of science as requested. And then, warming is partly “how people are living their lives.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976508965252055041?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporters at the hearing note that no experts are presenting on behalf of the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Defendants leaving science to lawyer, plaintiffs to scientists. Both OK, just noting difference in strategy. Probably woulda been good to have a scientist answer Alsup on solar fluctuations, tho. Lawyer says “it just happens” 🤷🏻♀️\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976512549582598144?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>10:16am: \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>Environmental journalist Warren Cornwall:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">No indication so far that oil companies will be calling scientists to talk to Judge Alsup today. Chevron attorney is doing the talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Warren Cornwall (@WarrenCornwall) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WarrenCornwall/status/976506832331026433?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Avi Garbow, former general counsel at the Environmental Protection Agency under the Obama administration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434/climates-day-in-court-maybe-not-the-great-debate-but-still-a-big-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tells KQED that Chevron supports\u003c/a> the scientific consensus that burning fossil fuels is the leading cause of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the established scientific consensus and from Chevron’s standpoint, there’s now no reasonable scientific debate about that conclusion,” said Garbow. “Chevron accepts that and that’s what it will present to the court in the tutorial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, oil industry lawyers will argue that the courtroom is not the proper forum for tackling climate change issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The courts have said over and over again that public nuisance claims in court are not the way to go about solving global policy questions like global warming,” Chevron lawyer Joshua Lipshutz told reporters in a Monday conference call. “They’ve all been thrown out of court.”\u003cbr>\n__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>10:11am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> Climate reporter Amy Westervelt tweeting from the courtroom:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Griggs: 10-year flood that would have come once every 10 years is now coming 10 times a year. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976504429149958144?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>9:41am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> Retired Judge Alice C. Hill, whose work now focuses on preparing for the impacts of climate change, \u003ca href=\"https://www.lawfareblog.com/catastrophic-risks-climate-change-us-turns-its-back-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writing in\u003c/a> national security blog \u003cem>LawFare:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This isn’t the stuff of science fiction. It is happening already, right here in the United States. It just gets worse—a lot worse—the more carbon we send up into the atmosphere. Just as America suffers, so will the rest of the world. And some of their suffering will spill back onto us. We already have plenty of examples of how climate impacts in other countries threaten global stability and our national security. These include the historic drought in Syria that drove over a million people, mostly young men, to move to cities in search of work and which, in turn, contributed to civil unrest and unprecedented mass migration.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>9:21am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/mallen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myles Allen\u003c/a> is done with his presentation. The next witness for plaintiffs is \u003ca href=\"https://eps.ucsc.edu/faculty/Profiles/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=griggs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gary Griggs\u003c/a>, professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz. Grigg will focus on how sea level rise is affecting San Franciso.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Prof Griggs: Showing chart of sea level rise, steep rate of increase 20,000 years ago and then even steeper rate of increase today. Discussion of lower sea levels thousands of years ago, including ancient peoples crossing the land bridge to North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Deborah Moore (@debmoore_UCS) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/debmoore_UCS/status/976495452383096832?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>9:14am:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>On the question of liability for the impacts of climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Prof Allen notes it is possible to trace CO2 emissions directly to products sold by individual companies. Highly relevant to question of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climateliability?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climateliability\u003c/a> for fossil fuel companies. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ColumbiaClimate?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ColumbiaClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976489073966657536?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Now we’re getting to a key legal point in this climate lawsuit against oil companies. Myles Allen tells Judge Alsup “It’s possible to trace these emissions directly to products sold by individual companies.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ScienceInsider?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ScienceInsider\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Warren Cornwall (@WarrenCornwall) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WarrenCornwall/status/976489669650075648?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>9:05am:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Today’s tutorial, a key early step in the case, is divided into two parts. The first part is 60 minutes and will have both sides presenting the history of climate change study. The second portion will have both sides present the best available science on climate science, including data on coastal flooding and sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">It’s kind of a climate change greatest hits: Allen recaps how Roger Revelle in 1957 made the crucial observation that simple chemistry limits the amount of carbon dioxide that the oceans can take up. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976487828765908992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:42am:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Jessica Wentz, a lawyer at Columbia University’s \u003ca href=\"http://columbiaclimatelaw.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sabin Center for Climate Change Law\u003c/a>, is live tweeting from Judge Alsup’s courtroom in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Prof Allen: “the important point here is that we don’t just have a theory… we have direct observations from space” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ColumbiaClimate?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ColumbiaClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976482927843225600?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A report \u003ca href=\"http://columbiaclimatelaw.com/files/2018/02/Adler-2018-02-U.S.-Climate-Change-Litigation-in-the-Age-of-Trump-Year-One.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued by the Sabin Center\u003c/a> in February titled “\u003cem>U.S. Climate Change Litigation in the Age of Trump\u003c/em>,” finds that lawsuits calling for climate protections exceeded those that opposed climate deregulation by roughly 3:1 (73% to 27%).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such cases mark a surge in “municipalities suing fossil fuel companies under state common law and a suite of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuits seeking transparency from the Trump Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:36am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> KQED’s Craig Miller \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434/climates-day-in-court-maybe-not-the-great-debate-but-still-a-big-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writes that oil industry lawyers\u003c/a> will not try to debate climate science during today’s hearing. Their strategy instead will be to have the case thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>They’ve filed a motion to have the case dismissed, arguing that the courtroom is not the appropriate place to set climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The courts have said over and over again that public nuisance claims in court are not the way to go about solving global policy questions like global warming,” Chevron lawyer Joshua Lipshutz told reporters in a Monday conference call. “They’ve all been thrown out of court.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:29am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> First mention of Sventus Arrenhius, who wrote what’s widely considered to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendsofscience.org/assets/documents/Arrhenius%201906,%20final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first paper on climate change.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Molly Peterson\u003c/a> reports that Judge Alsup is establishing himself as an active questioner in the climate tutorial, interrupting Allen and asking for clarification on powerpoint graphs.\u003cbr>\n__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:19am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The first expert presenting to Judge Alsup is the Environmental Institute’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/mallen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myles Allen\u003c/a>, who is arguing for liability for oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">First presenter for plaintiffs at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climateliability?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climateliability\u003c/a> tutorial is Myles Allen, Oxford professor who has advocated for quantifying human responsibility\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big Oil must pay for climate change. Now we can calculate how much \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/BKCJr4z0Lk\">https://t.co/BKCJr4z0Lk\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976476202742398976?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:15am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> A federal judge in San Francisco is getting a five-hour crash course on climate science today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge William Alsup is presiding over a lawsuit filed by Oakland and San Francisco against\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> several oil companies\u003c/a> for the costs of climate change impacts. Alsup has taken the unusual step of asking both sides to present their views on the state of climate science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow our blog for special live coverage. KQED’s Molly Peterson is also tweeting live from the courtroom at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mollydacious?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@mollydacious\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1921476 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:56pm:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> Judge Alsup wraps up today’s first ever court-mandated climate crash course by showing off his very cool space tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Alsup shows off his space tie for science day \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976547821204619264?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge Alsup has tie (painted?) with what looks like a Hubble snapshot of deep space – yellow galaxies on blue. He’s ready to science!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nathanael Johnson (@SavorTooth) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SavorTooth/status/976475761132453889?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:553pm:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> Judge Alsup tells attorneys for the other defendants that they have two weeks to sign on to Chevron’s presentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge is issuing an order to other defendants explaining whether they agree with every statement Boutrous said. “You can’t get away with sitting here in silence and then later saying he wasn’t speaking for us.” They’ve got two weeks \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976546870322388992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Concluding the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>, Judge Alsup tells counsel for other fossil fuel defendants that they have 2 weeks to file statements specifying whether they disagree with any points / concessions made by Chevron’s attorney. Should be interesting to see their responses!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976547719975133189?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:45pm:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Judge Alsup poses an interesting question about wildfires: Don’t they emit a lot of carbon dioxide into the air? Is that a tiny factor in the overall rise of CO2 emissions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Molly Peterson observes that the judge may be trying to compare wildfire CO2 emissions to fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wuebbles tells the judge that while he has not done the math on fire emissions, it is small compared to fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 3 percent of annual U.S. greenhouse gas emissions come from wildfires, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.forestfoundation.org/wildfires-and-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Forest Foundation\u003c/a>. The Los Angeles Daily News \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailynews.com/2017/12/14/in-californias-wildfires-a-looming-threat-to-climate-goals-smolders/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported last year\u003c/a> that in less than one week, wildfires in Southern California released harmful emissions equal to that of every car, truck and big rig on the state’s roads in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:19pm:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Climate science has advanced in the years since 2012, notes Nobel-prize winning climate researcher Wuebbles. He is responding to Chevron’s tactic of limiting their tutorial to certain years, a move that some say serves to downplay the impact of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Plaintiff cities get Don Wuebbles up there to say that “science did not stop” after 2012, when IPCC 5 stops…he’s here to talk to the National Climate Assessment \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Fem6LJwavx\">https://t.co/Fem6LJwavx\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976538039680868352?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Wuebbles wrote a chapter of the IPCC and is clarifying that the 2017 National Climate Assessment has newer reliable science in it as well \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976538368182923264?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:18pm: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>To wrap up the climate tutorial, city plaintiffs have called Donald Wuebbles, lead author of the U.S. National Climate Assessment, to speak about the best available science on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Seventeen of the last 18 years are the warmest on record, says \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Wuebbles?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Wuebbles\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatechange?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatechange\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976539725606481920?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:16pm:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> And that’s a wrap for Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron’s Boutrous finishes main presentation on science with a quote from Oakland’s bond disclosure (about not being able to predict natural events)…which isn’t exactly peer-reviewed. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatechange?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatechange\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976537517875871744?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>12:11pm:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> An interesting strategy being employed by the defense is to limit reports on sea level rise to certain years, a tactic which some say is misleading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron’s presentation on sea level rise focuses on IPCC from 2013, which means observations end a couple of years before that. Sea level rise science has advanced significantly since the last IPCC, as Gary Griggs indicated earlier. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976534296033837056?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">This is why a judge’s “tutorial” on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climate\u003c/a> can be dangerous: what recourse is there when Chevron presents data and graphics that are completely misleading? How do they get challenged? \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Peter Gleick (@PeterGleick) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PeterGleick/status/976534289335701505?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>11:55am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The attorney for Chevron just informed Judge Alsup that he is presenting on behalf of his client alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Interesting: Alsup to Chevron attny I thought you were presenting for all the defendants. Do they agree with you? Boutrous: I’m just presenting for Chevron. Alsup: Okay at some point I’m going to ask them all if they agree. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateTutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateTutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976530769165172736?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Both presentations also strongly influenced by Judge’s self-directed research, questions, and interests. When Chevron lawyer can’t answer scientific questions, Alsup has been more likely to let it go. Alsup pressed scientists further. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Rn6lTeqLit\">https://t.co/Rn6lTeqLit\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976534880979791872?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>11:48am:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Along with attempting to poke holes at the certainty of climate science, the defense is also arguing that the \u003cem>extraction\u003c/em> of fossil fuels is not the problem, rather its the \u003cem>use\u003c/em> of their product. That would seem to relate back to their earlier “collective responsibility” argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron’s lawyer at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> – “IPCC does not say it’s the extraction of fossil fuels [that causes climate change], it’s the energy use – the economic activity – that generates emissions.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ColumbiaClimate?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ColumbiaClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976526523103506433?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>11:27am:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> Judge Alsup is apparently a fan of physicist Svante Arrhenius, who in 1896, made the first estimate of climate sensitivity, calculating that surface temperatures would rise by 4-6°C if carbon dioxide emissions doubled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge Alsup professes admiration for Arrhenius: ‘Don’t you think it’s amazing that that guy..with just the back of an envelope with pencil and paper, could have made that projection that even today sounds pretty reasonable?’ Chevron atty agrees: ‘These scientists are brilliant.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Debra Kahn (@debra_kahn) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/debra_kahn/status/976521407466106880?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge Alsup shows his science nerd side. Marvels that at end of 19th C. Svante Arrhenius predicted roughly the same temp rise from CO2 increase as modern models. “He was one guy in an early age and using his brain and some data … You have to admire that.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ScienceInsider?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ScienceInsider\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Warren Cornwall (@WarrenCornwall) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WarrenCornwall/status/976520479090425856?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>11:21am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The strategy apparently being employed by Chevron lawyers is to argue that climate science is filled with uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>, it appears that Chevron’s strategy is to portray climate science as a field that is characterised by significant uncertainty and conflicting scientific theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976519729614475264?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“That’s how science works. It’s trial and error…It’s cumulative; it’s self-correcting.” – Chevron lawyer emphasizes uncertainty of Arrhenius’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatescience?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatescience\u003c/a> in 1951. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976516202867580928?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron’s graphs seem mostly to end around 2010 or 2012, which helps minimize the visual impact of the record temperatures in more recent years \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatechange?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatechange\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976525027276288001?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>11:10am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> KQED’S Molly Peterson reports that during the summary portion of early 20th century climate science, Judge Alsup interrupted the Chevron attorney to point out that he skipped meterologist Guy Callendar’s landmark 1938 report linking fossil fuels to global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about Callendar’s findings at \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2013/apr/22/guy-callendar-climate-fossil-fuels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Someone established a Twitter account in 2014 for Guy Callendar, the scientist referenced by Judge Alsup in the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/7ChTftlrU4\">https://t.co/7ChTftlrU4\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976521896782016512?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10:58am: \u003c/strong>Remarks on\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the defense’s presentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Judge and Chevron attorney seem to establish that since 1951, it’s been accepted that CO2 has a warming effect. Oil company attorney isn’t great at answering judge’s science questions; does it matter? Hard to say. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976517515999244288?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Interesting that Alsup was quick to prevent plaintiffs from “getting political” but hasn’t said anything about Chevron critiquing policies of SF & Oakland, and those recommended by IPCC, in first five minutes of presentation \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976506236253302784?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>10:35am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The attorney for Chevron is largely relying on data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Chevron presenting a history of IPCC summaries, not a history of science as requested. And then, warming is partly “how people are living their lives.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976508965252055041?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporters at the hearing note that no experts are presenting on behalf of the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Defendants leaving science to lawyer, plaintiffs to scientists. Both OK, just noting difference in strategy. Probably woulda been good to have a scientist answer Alsup on solar fluctuations, tho. Lawyer says “it just happens” 🤷🏻♀️\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976512549582598144?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>10:16am: \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>Environmental journalist Warren Cornwall:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">No indication so far that oil companies will be calling scientists to talk to Judge Alsup today. Chevron attorney is doing the talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Warren Cornwall (@WarrenCornwall) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WarrenCornwall/status/976506832331026433?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Avi Garbow, former general counsel at the Environmental Protection Agency under the Obama administration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434/climates-day-in-court-maybe-not-the-great-debate-but-still-a-big-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tells KQED that Chevron supports\u003c/a> the scientific consensus that burning fossil fuels is the leading cause of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the established scientific consensus and from Chevron’s standpoint, there’s now no reasonable scientific debate about that conclusion,” said Garbow. “Chevron accepts that and that’s what it will present to the court in the tutorial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, oil industry lawyers will argue that the courtroom is not the proper forum for tackling climate change issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The courts have said over and over again that public nuisance claims in court are not the way to go about solving global policy questions like global warming,” Chevron lawyer Joshua Lipshutz told reporters in a Monday conference call. “They’ve all been thrown out of court.”\u003cbr>\n__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>10:11am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> Climate reporter Amy Westervelt tweeting from the courtroom:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Griggs: 10-year flood that would have come once every 10 years is now coming 10 times a year. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ClimateLawNews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ClimateLawNews\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Westervelt (@amywestervelt) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/amywestervelt/status/976504429149958144?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>9:41am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> Retired Judge Alice C. Hill, whose work now focuses on preparing for the impacts of climate change, \u003ca href=\"https://www.lawfareblog.com/catastrophic-risks-climate-change-us-turns-its-back-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writing in\u003c/a> national security blog \u003cem>LawFare:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This isn’t the stuff of science fiction. It is happening already, right here in the United States. It just gets worse—a lot worse—the more carbon we send up into the atmosphere. Just as America suffers, so will the rest of the world. And some of their suffering will spill back onto us. We already have plenty of examples of how climate impacts in other countries threaten global stability and our national security. These include the historic drought in Syria that drove over a million people, mostly young men, to move to cities in search of work and which, in turn, contributed to civil unrest and unprecedented mass migration.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>9:21am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/mallen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myles Allen\u003c/a> is done with his presentation. The next witness for plaintiffs is \u003ca href=\"https://eps.ucsc.edu/faculty/Profiles/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=griggs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gary Griggs\u003c/a>, professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz. Grigg will focus on how sea level rise is affecting San Franciso.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Prof Griggs: Showing chart of sea level rise, steep rate of increase 20,000 years ago and then even steeper rate of increase today. Discussion of lower sea levels thousands of years ago, including ancient peoples crossing the land bridge to North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Deborah Moore (@debmoore_UCS) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/debmoore_UCS/status/976495452383096832?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>9:14am:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>On the question of liability for the impacts of climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Prof Allen notes it is possible to trace CO2 emissions directly to products sold by individual companies. Highly relevant to question of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climateliability?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climateliability\u003c/a> for fossil fuel companies. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ColumbiaClimate?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ColumbiaClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976489073966657536?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Now we’re getting to a key legal point in this climate lawsuit against oil companies. Myles Allen tells Judge Alsup “It’s possible to trace these emissions directly to products sold by individual companies.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ScienceInsider?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ScienceInsider\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Warren Cornwall (@WarrenCornwall) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WarrenCornwall/status/976489669650075648?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>9:05am:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Today’s tutorial, a key early step in the case, is divided into two parts. The first part is 60 minutes and will have both sides presenting the history of climate change study. The second portion will have both sides present the best available science on climate science, including data on coastal flooding and sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">It’s kind of a climate change greatest hits: Allen recaps how Roger Revelle in 1957 made the crucial observation that simple chemistry limits the amount of carbon dioxide that the oceans can take up. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatetutorial?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatetutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976487828765908992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:42am:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>Jessica Wentz, a lawyer at Columbia University’s \u003ca href=\"http://columbiaclimatelaw.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sabin Center for Climate Change Law\u003c/a>, is live tweeting from Judge Alsup’s courtroom in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Prof Allen: “the important point here is that we don’t just have a theory… we have direct observations from space” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ColumbiaClimate?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ColumbiaClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jessica Wentz (@jess_wentz) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jess_wentz/status/976482927843225600?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A report \u003ca href=\"http://columbiaclimatelaw.com/files/2018/02/Adler-2018-02-U.S.-Climate-Change-Litigation-in-the-Age-of-Trump-Year-One.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued by the Sabin Center\u003c/a> in February titled “\u003cem>U.S. Climate Change Litigation in the Age of Trump\u003c/em>,” finds that lawsuits calling for climate protections exceeded those that opposed climate deregulation by roughly 3:1 (73% to 27%).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such cases mark a surge in “municipalities suing fossil fuel companies under state common law and a suite of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuits seeking transparency from the Trump Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:36am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> KQED’s Craig Miller \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434/climates-day-in-court-maybe-not-the-great-debate-but-still-a-big-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writes that oil industry lawyers\u003c/a> will not try to debate climate science during today’s hearing. Their strategy instead will be to have the case thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>They’ve filed a motion to have the case dismissed, arguing that the courtroom is not the appropriate place to set climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The courts have said over and over again that public nuisance claims in court are not the way to go about solving global policy questions like global warming,” Chevron lawyer Joshua Lipshutz told reporters in a Monday conference call. “They’ve all been thrown out of court.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:29am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> First mention of Sventus Arrenhius, who wrote what’s widely considered to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendsofscience.org/assets/documents/Arrhenius%201906,%20final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first paper on climate change.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Molly Peterson\u003c/a> reports that Judge Alsup is establishing himself as an active questioner in the climate tutorial, interrupting Allen and asking for clarification on powerpoint graphs.\u003cbr>\n__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:19am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The first expert presenting to Judge Alsup is the Environmental Institute’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/mallen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myles Allen\u003c/a>, who is arguing for liability for oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">First presenter for plaintiffs at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climateliability?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climateliability\u003c/a> tutorial is Myles Allen, Oxford professor who has advocated for quantifying human responsibility\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big Oil must pay for climate change. Now we can calculate how much \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/BKCJr4z0Lk\">https://t.co/BKCJr4z0Lk\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Peterson (@Mollydacious) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious/status/976476202742398976?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 21, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>8:15am:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> A federal judge in San Francisco is getting a five-hour crash course on climate science today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge William Alsup is presiding over a lawsuit filed by Oakland and San Francisco against\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> several oil companies\u003c/a> for the costs of climate change impacts. Alsup has taken the unusual step of asking both sides to present their views on the state of climate science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow our blog for special live coverage. KQED’s Molly Peterson is also tweeting live from the courtroom at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mollydacious?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@mollydacious\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1921476 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/IMG_1576-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Albert Einstein \u003ca href=\"http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol1-doc/69\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would have been 139 years old Wednesday\u003c/a>. Happy Birthday!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Einstein’s science, and general views on humanity, have profoundly changed the way we see ourselves and the world we live in. He was not faultless, as no human is. He was an absent father and unfaithful husband. He lived in very different times, and — right or wrong from our current standards — we must analyze facts within their cultural context. Einstein epitomizes the intellectual freedom and courageous creativity that, combined with an unbeatable work ethic, defines true genius.[contextly_sidebar id=”vN9YATQGU7BoSj3Jy3gO1Jf0zTYeouMY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To shake the foundations of knowledge one needs at least two things: to believe deeply in his ideas and to have the courage to go against the established order. In the sciences, to be successful in shaking the foundations of knowledge so as to promote change, one also needs to be right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trailblazer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhen Einstein came into the science scene at the turn of the 20th century, physics was in crisis. The physics developed from Galileo up to 1899 had three pillars: mechanics, electromagnetism and thermodynamics, the study of heat. And the three pillars were on shaky ground, as physicists couldn’t use them to explain a series of phenomena that had been recently discovered in the lab and in the skies. New ideas were badly needed, but not much was coming forth. It was the perfect moment for a trailblazer.[contextly_sidebar id=”qqjKekIIshGd4WKBMzxIowvPsormcqKm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, there was trouble with light and its propagation. After a debate that lasted for centuries, people were convinced that light was a wave. (The other option, defended by Issac Newton, was that light was made of little bulletlike particles.) That being the case, and as with any other wave, light had to propagate in a material medium. Water waves, for example, travel in water; sound waves in air. Light? Well, for us to see light from distant stars, the medium had to be transparent. It also had to be very light so as not to slow down the orbits of planets. Finally, it had to be very rigid, so as to allow for the propagation of very fast waves: It was well-known by then that light traveled at about 186,000 miles per second in empty space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kind of medium could this be? Stumped, the greatest physicists of the 19th century came up with a wild idea: Imagine that all of space is filled with an imponderable medium called the ether. What it was, no one knew. Its sole purpose was to allow light to propagate. With hindsight, we could call it magical stuff. Even as attempts to find it failed, physicists would not let go. The alternative, having light propagating in empty space, sounded even crazier.[contextly_sidebar id=”HXTnz2DVxc4UotpOF75lD1Q0EGQNgWjq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter Einstein. In 1905, he proposes his special theory of relativity, whereby he singlehandedly destroyed the notions of absolute space and time, and the need for an ether. According to the theory, now one of the greatest success stories in the history of thought, the notions of space as a rigid stage at which things just happen and of time as a steadily flowing river, are just an illusion caused by our myopic view of reality. And it’s all light’s fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Space would only be a rigid stage and time would only be a steady river if light could travel from Point A to Point B instantaneously. (That is if light traveled with an infinite speed.) But it doesn’t. Our illusion is corrected once we incorporate the fact that light has a finite speed of propagation, even if it’s so ridiculously high. (In fact, it is its enormous value that makes our illusions so persistent and convincing.) Once the correction is factored into our studies of motion, everything changes. An observer at rest that measures the length of a moving bus will obtain a different result from the passengers in the bus. To her, the moving bus will be shorter. If she also saw a clock attached to the bus, she would notice that the seconds pass slower for it than for the watch on her wrist. Amazed, she would conclude that moving objects shorten in the direction of their motion and that moving clocks tick slower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15531 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/15530-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"415\">The effects, called length contraction and time dilation, become more pronounced as the speed of the moving object approaches the speed of light. Remarkably, Einstein also showed, in a second paper he wrote that same year, that no object with mass could ever reach the speed of light. Mass itself grows with speed and becomes infinitely large at the speed of light. Only light itself, or another entity with no mass, could travel at light speed. And by the way, all this is perfectly consistent with light traveling in empty space. No ether. Light is like nothing else in the cosmos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1915, Einstein expanded his theory to include motions with variable speeds (i.e., with acceleration). His theory of general relativity, arguably one of the towering achievements of the human intellect, imprinted the plasticity of space and time into the fabric of the universe itself. Now, the presence of any material object (or merely energy) could bend space and alter the flow of time. Space and time became literally pliable. For example, a light ray from a distant star would be deviated from a straight line as it passed by the sun. (It does as it passes by you, too, but the bending is so small as to be literally immeasurable.) In 1919, two expeditions were sent to test Einstein’s prediction of this phenomenon. Their data, despite bad weather and measurement issues, were conclusive: Einstein was right.[contextly_sidebar id=”kgXU8Ok5VQvxvsAezFDVnCbOYz2zhstN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later on, Einstein’s prediction for the flow of time was also confirmed: Time slows down in strong gravity. A clock on the top of the Empire State Building ticks faster than one on the ground. But the effect is tiny: If you were to spend your lifetime on top of the Empire State Building \u003ca href=\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/8020988/Einsteins-theory-of-relativity-works-on-a-human-scale-the-higher-you-are-the-faster-you-age.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">you would lose 104 millionths of a second\u003c/a>. Even more fun: In a 79-year lifetime, the cells in your brain age faster than those in your feet by about 45 billionths of a second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Einstein was the first to apply his ideas of space and time plasticity to the universe as a whole. In 1919, he devised a model for the entire universe: a static, spherical, perfectly symmetric cosmos, with matter homogeneously distributed everywhere, reflecting a mix of Platonic perfection and of Ockham’s Razor. That first model, even if wrong, became the inspiration for all the work on modern cosmology that followed it, including the now widely-accepted \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/science/big-bang-model\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big Bang\u003c/a> model, whereby the universe emerged from an event 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding and cooling ever since. \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes\">Black holes\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-are-gw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gravitational waves\u003c/a>, all of this follows from Einstein’s general theory. Oh yes, and so does the accuracy of your GPS, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">needs elements from both the special and the general theories\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remarkably, all this relativity stuff was only one of Einstein’s playgrounds. The other, his muse and demon, was quantum theory. Next week, I’ll take it up from here, and explain why Einstein got his Nobel prize for his ideas on the nature of light (being both a wave and a particle) and not for relativity. And why he was haunted by the quantum ghost to the end of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem> As this article was being edited, we learned of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/13/221053162/stephen-hawking-who-awed-both-scientists-and-the-public-dies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Stephen Hawking’s passing\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. An uncanny coincidence, he was fond of telling that he was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo’s death; and now, he passes away on the 139th anniversary of Einstein’s birth.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Stephen Hawking was one of those rare life heroes who shone above all of us as a beacon. Not just as a brilliant physicist whose contributions to our understanding of the universe and of black holes will remain forever in the annals of science, but also as a life-loving, amazingly resilient person. He had the generosity of heart to share his knowledge and inspire millions of readers around the globe. His love for life must be celebrated and remembered by all of us, scientists or not.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Marcelo Gleiser is a theoretical physicist and writer — and a professor of natural philosophy, physics and astronomy at Dartmouth College. He is the director of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://ice.dartmouth.edu\">Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Engagement\u003c/a>\u003cem> at Dartmouth, co-founder of 13.7 and an active promoter of science to the general public. His latest book is \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://marcelogleiser.com/books/the-simple-beauty-of-the-unexpected-a-natural-philosophers-quest-for-trout-and-the-meaning-of-everything\">The Simple Beauty of the Unexpected: A Natural Philosopher’s Quest for Trout and the Meaning of Everything\u003c/a>\u003cem>. You can keep up with Marcelo on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://goo.gl/93dHI\">Facebook\u003c/a>\u003cem> and Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/#!/mgleiser\">@mgleiser\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Universe+According+To+Albert+Einstein%3A+Relativity&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Albert Einstein \u003ca href=\"http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol1-doc/69\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would have been 139 years old Wednesday\u003c/a>. Happy Birthday!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Einstein’s science, and general views on humanity, have profoundly changed the way we see ourselves and the world we live in. He was not faultless, as no human is. He was an absent father and unfaithful husband. He lived in very different times, and — right or wrong from our current standards — we must analyze facts within their cultural context. Einstein epitomizes the intellectual freedom and courageous creativity that, combined with an unbeatable work ethic, defines true genius.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To shake the foundations of knowledge one needs at least two things: to believe deeply in his ideas and to have the courage to go against the established order. In the sciences, to be successful in shaking the foundations of knowledge so as to promote change, one also needs to be right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trailblazer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhen Einstein came into the science scene at the turn of the 20th century, physics was in crisis. The physics developed from Galileo up to 1899 had three pillars: mechanics, electromagnetism and thermodynamics, the study of heat. And the three pillars were on shaky ground, as physicists couldn’t use them to explain a series of phenomena that had been recently discovered in the lab and in the skies. New ideas were badly needed, but not much was coming forth. It was the perfect moment for a trailblazer.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, there was trouble with light and its propagation. After a debate that lasted for centuries, people were convinced that light was a wave. (The other option, defended by Issac Newton, was that light was made of little bulletlike particles.) That being the case, and as with any other wave, light had to propagate in a material medium. Water waves, for example, travel in water; sound waves in air. Light? Well, for us to see light from distant stars, the medium had to be transparent. It also had to be very light so as not to slow down the orbits of planets. Finally, it had to be very rigid, so as to allow for the propagation of very fast waves: It was well-known by then that light traveled at about 186,000 miles per second in empty space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kind of medium could this be? Stumped, the greatest physicists of the 19th century came up with a wild idea: Imagine that all of space is filled with an imponderable medium called the ether. What it was, no one knew. Its sole purpose was to allow light to propagate. With hindsight, we could call it magical stuff. Even as attempts to find it failed, physicists would not let go. The alternative, having light propagating in empty space, sounded even crazier.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter Einstein. In 1905, he proposes his special theory of relativity, whereby he singlehandedly destroyed the notions of absolute space and time, and the need for an ether. According to the theory, now one of the greatest success stories in the history of thought, the notions of space as a rigid stage at which things just happen and of time as a steadily flowing river, are just an illusion caused by our myopic view of reality. And it’s all light’s fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Space would only be a rigid stage and time would only be a steady river if light could travel from Point A to Point B instantaneously. (That is if light traveled with an infinite speed.) But it doesn’t. Our illusion is corrected once we incorporate the fact that light has a finite speed of propagation, even if it’s so ridiculously high. (In fact, it is its enormous value that makes our illusions so persistent and convincing.) Once the correction is factored into our studies of motion, everything changes. An observer at rest that measures the length of a moving bus will obtain a different result from the passengers in the bus. To her, the moving bus will be shorter. If she also saw a clock attached to the bus, she would notice that the seconds pass slower for it than for the watch on her wrist. Amazed, she would conclude that moving objects shorten in the direction of their motion and that moving clocks tick slower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15531 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/15530-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"415\">The effects, called length contraction and time dilation, become more pronounced as the speed of the moving object approaches the speed of light. Remarkably, Einstein also showed, in a second paper he wrote that same year, that no object with mass could ever reach the speed of light. Mass itself grows with speed and becomes infinitely large at the speed of light. Only light itself, or another entity with no mass, could travel at light speed. And by the way, all this is perfectly consistent with light traveling in empty space. No ether. Light is like nothing else in the cosmos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1915, Einstein expanded his theory to include motions with variable speeds (i.e., with acceleration). His theory of general relativity, arguably one of the towering achievements of the human intellect, imprinted the plasticity of space and time into the fabric of the universe itself. Now, the presence of any material object (or merely energy) could bend space and alter the flow of time. Space and time became literally pliable. For example, a light ray from a distant star would be deviated from a straight line as it passed by the sun. (It does as it passes by you, too, but the bending is so small as to be literally immeasurable.) In 1919, two expeditions were sent to test Einstein’s prediction of this phenomenon. Their data, despite bad weather and measurement issues, were conclusive: Einstein was right.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later on, Einstein’s prediction for the flow of time was also confirmed: Time slows down in strong gravity. A clock on the top of the Empire State Building ticks faster than one on the ground. But the effect is tiny: If you were to spend your lifetime on top of the Empire State Building \u003ca href=\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/8020988/Einsteins-theory-of-relativity-works-on-a-human-scale-the-higher-you-are-the-faster-you-age.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">you would lose 104 millionths of a second\u003c/a>. Even more fun: In a 79-year lifetime, the cells in your brain age faster than those in your feet by about 45 billionths of a second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Einstein was the first to apply his ideas of space and time plasticity to the universe as a whole. In 1919, he devised a model for the entire universe: a static, spherical, perfectly symmetric cosmos, with matter homogeneously distributed everywhere, reflecting a mix of Platonic perfection and of Ockham’s Razor. That first model, even if wrong, became the inspiration for all the work on modern cosmology that followed it, including the now widely-accepted \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/science/big-bang-model\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big Bang\u003c/a> model, whereby the universe emerged from an event 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding and cooling ever since. \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes\">Black holes\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-are-gw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gravitational waves\u003c/a>, all of this follows from Einstein’s general theory. Oh yes, and so does the accuracy of your GPS, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">needs elements from both the special and the general theories\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remarkably, all this relativity stuff was only one of Einstein’s playgrounds. The other, his muse and demon, was quantum theory. Next week, I’ll take it up from here, and explain why Einstein got his Nobel prize for his ideas on the nature of light (being both a wave and a particle) and not for relativity. And why he was haunted by the quantum ghost to the end of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem> As this article was being edited, we learned of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/13/221053162/stephen-hawking-who-awed-both-scientists-and-the-public-dies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Stephen Hawking’s passing\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. An uncanny coincidence, he was fond of telling that he was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo’s death; and now, he passes away on the 139th anniversary of Einstein’s birth.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Stephen Hawking was one of those rare life heroes who shone above all of us as a beacon. Not just as a brilliant physicist whose contributions to our understanding of the universe and of black holes will remain forever in the annals of science, but also as a life-loving, amazingly resilient person. He had the generosity of heart to share his knowledge and inspire millions of readers around the globe. His love for life must be celebrated and remembered by all of us, scientists or not.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Marcelo Gleiser is a theoretical physicist and writer — and a professor of natural philosophy, physics and astronomy at Dartmouth College. He is the director of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://ice.dartmouth.edu\">Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Engagement\u003c/a>\u003cem> at Dartmouth, co-founder of 13.7 and an active promoter of science to the general public. His latest book is \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://marcelogleiser.com/books/the-simple-beauty-of-the-unexpected-a-natural-philosophers-quest-for-trout-and-the-meaning-of-everything\">The Simple Beauty of the Unexpected: A Natural Philosopher’s Quest for Trout and the Meaning of Everything\u003c/a>\u003cem>. You can keep up with Marcelo on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://goo.gl/93dHI\">Facebook\u003c/a>\u003cem> and Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/#!/mgleiser\">@mgleiser\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Universe+According+To+Albert+Einstein%3A+Relativity&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Launches Environmental Justice Unit to Protect Vulnerable Neighborhoods",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is getting an Environmental Justice Bureau charged with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/20/bike-car-or-train-which-commute-has-the-worst-air-pollution-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking into polluters\u003c/a> who operate in low-income and minority neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Far too many families in California suffer from both poverty and pollution. In fact, they usually go hand in hand.’\u003ccite>Vien Truong, Green for All\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for state Attorney General Xavier Becerra says the new team will have four lawyers when it’s fully staffed, and is funded from the department’s existing budget. It’s unclear, however, where the funds are being apportioned from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The harsh reality is that some communities in California – particularly low-income communities and communities of color – continue to bear the brunt of pollution from industrial development, poor land use decisions, transportation, and trade corridors,” Becerra said in a statement. “Meeting the needs of these communities requires our focused attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pollution Follows Poverty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies\u003c/a> show that hazardous industrial facilities tend to be located in minority neighborhoods. One long-term \u003ca href=\"http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/23414-targeting-minority-low-income-neighborhoods-for-hazardous-waste-sites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> that reviewed 30 years of demographic data found a “consistent pattern” of placing hazardous waste sites where poor people and people of color live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Minorities and low-income communities are seen as the path of least resistance because they have fewer resources and political clout to oppose the siting of unwanted facilities,” said the 2016 report, published by the University of Michigan and University of Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ddd8eFNoCX4pnjsLz68jDKO0soOYCwDw”]Another long-term \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Toxic Waste and Race at Twenty\u003c/em>, found more than half of all people in the U.S. who live within 1.86 miles of a hazardous waste facility are minorities, exposing neighborhoods dominated by people of color to higher rates of air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new environmental justice unit will focus on cleaning up contaminated drinking water; reducing exposure to toxics in consumer products; and penalizing illegal discharges to air and water affecting low-income and minority neighborhoods. The office will continue to challenge federal decisions that could affect the health of vulnerable neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the issues the new unit is expected to look at includes a federal case concerning the storage of coal at the Port of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Gm3fR5HiYhpFWii7VSdOZw7MixnAyNjE”]A spokesman for Becerra’s office said the state joined the suit by filing an \u003cem>amicus\u003c/em> brief in support of Oakland’s coal ordinance in order to “send a strong message that the time for taking advantage of communities of color is no more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra’s new unit has injected optimism among local activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Far too many families in California suffer from both poverty and pollution — in fact, they usually go hand in hand,” said Vien Truong, director of Oakland-based nonprofit Green For All. “Families across the state will breathe a sigh of relief with the promise of justice and accountability for polluters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> introduced by Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia (D-Coachella) would establish an environmental justice fund for monies from penalties and court settlements, which can then be used for further investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California vs. Trump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has emerged as a prominent challenger to the Trump administration’s efforts to restructure U.S. environmental policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got the scientists, we’ve got the lawyers, and we’re ready to fight,” Governor Jerry Brown said during a speech to the American Geophysical Union last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Trump took office, Becerra has filed more than two dozen lawsuits against the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Energy, Department of Interior, and others. The lawsuits include challenges to federal decisions to repeal fracking regulations and suspend a 2015 rule that would have protected more California rivers under the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Justice Bureau is part of a broader effort by Becerra to clamp down on polluters in the state. According to his office, almost half of the 26\u003cb> \u003c/b>federal lawsuits he has filed so far have focused on children’s access to clean air and drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8epGbOrco4QRXafClKjAijgiwnLEsYSf”]The announcement of the unit comes just weeks after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eliminated a key Clinton-era measure that regulated air pollutants such as arsenic, mercury and lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is among the most dangerous actions that the Trump EPA has taken yet against public health,” John Walke, clean air director at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/media/2018/180125-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Becerra’s office says positions in the new unit will be filled soon.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is getting an Environmental Justice Bureau charged with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/20/bike-car-or-train-which-commute-has-the-worst-air-pollution-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking into polluters\u003c/a> who operate in low-income and minority neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Far too many families in California suffer from both poverty and pollution. In fact, they usually go hand in hand.’\u003ccite>Vien Truong, Green for All\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for state Attorney General Xavier Becerra says the new team will have four lawyers when it’s fully staffed, and is funded from the department’s existing budget. It’s unclear, however, where the funds are being apportioned from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The harsh reality is that some communities in California – particularly low-income communities and communities of color – continue to bear the brunt of pollution from industrial development, poor land use decisions, transportation, and trade corridors,” Becerra said in a statement. “Meeting the needs of these communities requires our focused attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pollution Follows Poverty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies\u003c/a> show that hazardous industrial facilities tend to be located in minority neighborhoods. One long-term \u003ca href=\"http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/23414-targeting-minority-low-income-neighborhoods-for-hazardous-waste-sites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> that reviewed 30 years of demographic data found a “consistent pattern” of placing hazardous waste sites where poor people and people of color live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Minorities and low-income communities are seen as the path of least resistance because they have fewer resources and political clout to oppose the siting of unwanted facilities,” said the 2016 report, published by the University of Michigan and University of Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Another long-term \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Toxic Waste and Race at Twenty\u003c/em>, found more than half of all people in the U.S. who live within 1.86 miles of a hazardous waste facility are minorities, exposing neighborhoods dominated by people of color to higher rates of air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new environmental justice unit will focus on cleaning up contaminated drinking water; reducing exposure to toxics in consumer products; and penalizing illegal discharges to air and water affecting low-income and minority neighborhoods. The office will continue to challenge federal decisions that could affect the health of vulnerable neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the issues the new unit is expected to look at includes a federal case concerning the storage of coal at the Port of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A spokesman for Becerra’s office said the state joined the suit by filing an \u003cem>amicus\u003c/em> brief in support of Oakland’s coal ordinance in order to “send a strong message that the time for taking advantage of communities of color is no more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra’s new unit has injected optimism among local activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Far too many families in California suffer from both poverty and pollution — in fact, they usually go hand in hand,” said Vien Truong, director of Oakland-based nonprofit Green For All. “Families across the state will breathe a sigh of relief with the promise of justice and accountability for polluters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> introduced by Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia (D-Coachella) would establish an environmental justice fund for monies from penalties and court settlements, which can then be used for further investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California vs. Trump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has emerged as a prominent challenger to the Trump administration’s efforts to restructure U.S. environmental policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got the scientists, we’ve got the lawyers, and we’re ready to fight,” Governor Jerry Brown said during a speech to the American Geophysical Union last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Trump took office, Becerra has filed more than two dozen lawsuits against the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Energy, Department of Interior, and others. The lawsuits include challenges to federal decisions to repeal fracking regulations and suspend a 2015 rule that would have protected more California rivers under the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Justice Bureau is part of a broader effort by Becerra to clamp down on polluters in the state. According to his office, almost half of the 26\u003cb> \u003c/b>federal lawsuits he has filed so far have focused on children’s access to clean air and drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The announcement of the unit comes just weeks after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eliminated a key Clinton-era measure that regulated air pollutants such as arsenic, mercury and lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is among the most dangerous actions that the Trump EPA has taken yet against public health,” John Walke, clean air director at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/media/2018/180125-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Becerra’s office says positions in the new unit will be filled soon.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Protesters, Policymakers and a Polar Bear Try to Protect Clean Power Plan",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s top energy and environment officials today protested the federal rollback of the Clean Power Plan — an ambitious effort to slash carbon pollution from power plants nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt \u003ca href=\"http://ago.wv.gov/publicresources/epa/Documents/Opening%20Core%20Brief%20-%20file-stamped%20(M0119247xCECC6).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led a charge against\u003c/a> the Clean Power Plan when it was proposed by the Obama Administration in 2015, claiming it was an overreach of the government’s regulatory authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”cfVQJvVrvXF3bMZ9NTEWTqsVZNPAmsmx”]Since appointed by President Trump to lead the EPA, Pruitt \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/electric-utility-generating-units-repealing-clean-power-plan-0\">has sought to scrap\u003c/a> the plan. Now the agency is seeking comment about whether and how to do that, at a series of public meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1920484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Environmental Protection Agency listens to community comment and concern regarding the Clean Power Plan at the San Francisco Public Library in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protesters, Oregon state leaders, and members of the public also showed up to the event, which was billed as a “listening session.” Air Resources Board chairwoman \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/about/leadership/mary-d-nichols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Nichols\u003c/a> pointedly asked federal officials who they were listening to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it the voices, the outdated technologies of the past? Or the ever-growing numbers of people across this country who are demanding clean energy?” Nichols said. “We in California have already made our choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1920485 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1180x1768.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-960x1438.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-375x562.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-520x779.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters, ranging from students to religious proponents to mothers hold signs at a rally outside of City Hall, calling for the Environmental Protection Agency to protect the Clean Power Plan, in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s choices mean the state already exceeds the Clean Power Plan’s intended goals, and then some — a point Nichols and other officials made repeatedly. But they also argued that climate change remains a major threat to infrastructure, health and other assets in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fBjGGD3gEI7TFwFF1xOhm8jDpQpH3wjR”]The California Energy Commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/commission/executive/smith.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Courtney Smith\u003c/a> said that the reducing greenhouse gas emissions is “critical to the resilience of [the] power sector, as the impacts of climate are threatening critical infrastructure and making it more difficult for us to ensure reliability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also pointed to climate-driven catastrophes like wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise as risk factors that the Clean Power Plan could help mitigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the ability to plan for this unpredictable loss, near-term needs must be met with natural gas, which increases greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/clean-power-plan-proposed-repeal-how-comment\">is accepting comments\u003c/a> on the Clean Power Plan through April 26th.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s top energy and environment officials today protested the federal rollback of the Clean Power Plan — an ambitious effort to slash carbon pollution from power plants nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt \u003ca href=\"http://ago.wv.gov/publicresources/epa/Documents/Opening%20Core%20Brief%20-%20file-stamped%20(M0119247xCECC6).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led a charge against\u003c/a> the Clean Power Plan when it was proposed by the Obama Administration in 2015, claiming it was an overreach of the government’s regulatory authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Since appointed by President Trump to lead the EPA, Pruitt \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/electric-utility-generating-units-repealing-clean-power-plan-0\">has sought to scrap\u003c/a> the plan. Now the agency is seeking comment about whether and how to do that, at a series of public meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1920484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Environmental Protection Agency listens to community comment and concern regarding the Clean Power Plan at the San Francisco Public Library in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protesters, Oregon state leaders, and members of the public also showed up to the event, which was billed as a “listening session.” Air Resources Board chairwoman \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/about/leadership/mary-d-nichols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Nichols\u003c/a> pointedly asked federal officials who they were listening to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it the voices, the outdated technologies of the past? Or the ever-growing numbers of people across this country who are demanding clean energy?” Nichols said. “We in California have already made our choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1920485 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1180x1768.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-960x1438.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-375x562.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-520x779.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters, ranging from students to religious proponents to mothers hold signs at a rally outside of City Hall, calling for the Environmental Protection Agency to protect the Clean Power Plan, in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s choices mean the state already exceeds the Clean Power Plan’s intended goals, and then some — a point Nichols and other officials made repeatedly. But they also argued that climate change remains a major threat to infrastructure, health and other assets in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The California Energy Commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/commission/executive/smith.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Courtney Smith\u003c/a> said that the reducing greenhouse gas emissions is “critical to the resilience of [the] power sector, as the impacts of climate are threatening critical infrastructure and making it more difficult for us to ensure reliability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also pointed to climate-driven catastrophes like wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise as risk factors that the Clean Power Plan could help mitigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the ability to plan for this unpredictable loss, near-term needs must be met with natural gas, which increases greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/clean-power-plan-proposed-repeal-how-comment\">is accepting comments\u003c/a> on the Clean Power Plan through April 26th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Cities Could Wield Zoning Laws Against Offshore Drilling Plan",
"headTitle": "California Cities Could Wield Zoning Laws Against Offshore Drilling Plan | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>More than a dozen states oppose the Trump administration’s proposal to open up nearly the entire U.S. coastline to offshore oil leasing. Federal officials will get public feedback on the plan in Sacramento on Thursday. The Interior Department says it takes local concerns into account — as happened in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/10/577064733/after-florida-gets-offshore-drilling-exemption-other-states-ask-for-the-same\">controversial move with Florida\u003c/a> — but states have no direct say, since the leasing would take place in federally controlled waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California thinks it may have found a way around. In fact, it’s a strategy used the last time the West Coast was open for offshore oil drilling, in the 1980’s, when President Reagan’s Interior Secretary James Watt was leading the push.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have enough energy to meet America’s needs for thousands of years,” said Watt at the time, “if we will have a government that will allow for its reasonable development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not welcome news for many coastal cities in California. They were still spooked by a 1969 oil spill in Santa Barbara, in which some three million gallons of oil leaked from an offshore drilling operation and coated local beaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to respond in kind,” recalls John Laird, who’s now California’s secretary of Natural Resources, but was then mayor of Santa Cruz, a small coastal city south of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird called a meeting with drilling opponents and everyone agreed: their response had to have some teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I really struggled, thinking: teeth?” Laird says. “We’re a city, and this is a federal government wanting to do this with the tacit approval of the state government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then something occurred to him. When oil companies drill offshore, they still need to build infrastructure onshore, things like pipelines and helicopter pads. And it’s cities who control the zoning and building permits that allow that, not the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“A coastal wall of resistance”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz proposed a ballot measure that said if an oil company wanted to build facilities on land, residents would have to vote on it first. It passed. The measure also designated funds to spread the idea, so Santa Cruz hired Dan Haifley to be an anti-oil Johnny Appleseed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would sleep on couches and I would travel the state in my little car, tiny little thing,” Haifley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He visited local officials along the coast, slide projector in hand. “It was grassroots democracy and grassroots activism at its best,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, Haifley convinced 26 coastal cities and counties to adopt similar policies. They were challenged by the oil industry, but upheld by a federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even today, oil companies can’t build new infrastructure without voter approval in most of those places. The zoning rules create what Haifley calls “a coastal wall of resistance” against offshore drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But Would It Work Today?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea has re-emerged, now that the Trump administration is proposing a dramatic expansion of oil leasing. California legislators are considering a bill that would ban new oil pipelines and piers in state-controlled waters, which extend up to three miles offshore. California’s lieutenant governor, who chairs the State Lands Commission, has also threatened to block any pipeline permits to transport oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, would that give an oil company pause?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” says Bob Fryklund with IHS Markit, which does research and consulting for the oil industry. “The companies look at that. They look at the ease of operation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s policies may not work as well as they once did. Fryklund says technology has improved and now companies can get oil without having to build a pipeline to shore. Just they use floating oil rigs, known as FPSOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a giant ship that fills up full of oil and then goes off to a nearby port or refinery within that country or off somewhere else,” he says. “That’s pretty standard operations around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That method is more expensive. So, oil companies would have to be enticed by large oil reserves and high oil prices to make that worth it. Since many offshore areas in the Pacific and Atlantic haven’t been surveyed for oil in decades, for now, the oil industry is waiting and seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+May+Have+A+Way+To+Block+Trump%27s+Offshore+Drilling+Push&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than a dozen states oppose the Trump administration’s proposal to open up nearly the entire U.S. coastline to offshore oil leasing. Federal officials will get public feedback on the plan in Sacramento on Thursday. The Interior Department says it takes local concerns into account — as happened in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/10/577064733/after-florida-gets-offshore-drilling-exemption-other-states-ask-for-the-same\">controversial move with Florida\u003c/a> — but states have no direct say, since the leasing would take place in federally controlled waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California thinks it may have found a way around. In fact, it’s a strategy used the last time the West Coast was open for offshore oil drilling, in the 1980’s, when President Reagan’s Interior Secretary James Watt was leading the push.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have enough energy to meet America’s needs for thousands of years,” said Watt at the time, “if we will have a government that will allow for its reasonable development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not welcome news for many coastal cities in California. They were still spooked by a 1969 oil spill in Santa Barbara, in which some three million gallons of oil leaked from an offshore drilling operation and coated local beaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to respond in kind,” recalls John Laird, who’s now California’s secretary of Natural Resources, but was then mayor of Santa Cruz, a small coastal city south of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird called a meeting with drilling opponents and everyone agreed: their response had to have some teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I really struggled, thinking: teeth?” Laird says. “We’re a city, and this is a federal government wanting to do this with the tacit approval of the state government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then something occurred to him. When oil companies drill offshore, they still need to build infrastructure onshore, things like pipelines and helicopter pads. And it’s cities who control the zoning and building permits that allow that, not the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“A coastal wall of resistance”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz proposed a ballot measure that said if an oil company wanted to build facilities on land, residents would have to vote on it first. It passed. The measure also designated funds to spread the idea, so Santa Cruz hired Dan Haifley to be an anti-oil Johnny Appleseed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would sleep on couches and I would travel the state in my little car, tiny little thing,” Haifley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He visited local officials along the coast, slide projector in hand. “It was grassroots democracy and grassroots activism at its best,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, Haifley convinced 26 coastal cities and counties to adopt similar policies. They were challenged by the oil industry, but upheld by a federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even today, oil companies can’t build new infrastructure without voter approval in most of those places. The zoning rules create what Haifley calls “a coastal wall of resistance” against offshore drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But Would It Work Today?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea has re-emerged, now that the Trump administration is proposing a dramatic expansion of oil leasing. California legislators are considering a bill that would ban new oil pipelines and piers in state-controlled waters, which extend up to three miles offshore. California’s lieutenant governor, who chairs the State Lands Commission, has also threatened to block any pipeline permits to transport oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, would that give an oil company pause?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” says Bob Fryklund with IHS Markit, which does research and consulting for the oil industry. “The companies look at that. They look at the ease of operation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s policies may not work as well as they once did. Fryklund says technology has improved and now companies can get oil without having to build a pipeline to shore. Just they use floating oil rigs, known as FPSOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a giant ship that fills up full of oil and then goes off to a nearby port or refinery within that country or off somewhere else,” he says. “That’s pretty standard operations around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That method is more expensive. So, oil companies would have to be enticed by large oil reserves and high oil prices to make that worth it. Since many offshore areas in the Pacific and Atlantic haven’t been surveyed for oil in decades, for now, the oil industry is waiting and seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+May+Have+A+Way+To+Block+Trump%27s+Offshore+Drilling+Push&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Protesters Disrupt Trump Administration's Offshore Oil Meeting in Sacramento",
"headTitle": "Protesters Disrupt Trump Administration’s Offshore Oil Meeting in Sacramento | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Several hundred protesters rallied at the state Capitol on Thursday to oppose a \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/NP-Draft-Proposed-Program-2019-2024/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal plan\u003c/a> to expand drilling for oil and gas off California shores. If the plan, currently a draft proposal, is finalized, the U.S. Department of the Interior could begin selling leases to drillers as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters demonstrated before an event held by the Interior Department’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; it was the federal government’s only scheduled public meeting on the issue. The event, held at Sacramento’s main library, was billed as an “open house.” There was no opportunity for public comment; instead the department set up informational displays, with kiosks available to write comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BOEM_DOI/status/961748560269205504?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, protesters managed to get their voices heard, chanting “Where’s the hearing?” and turning the event into something of a circus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Bill Brown, the chief environmental officer with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, defended the meeting’s format, saying it was a “more effective way to communicate.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think there are plenty of legitimate environmental concerns to be addressed,” he said. “The downside of the hearing thing is that you don’t get to talk to [or] really interact with folks. And also everyone needs to sit there, and they only get their two minutes in the sun, basically.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 413px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/offshoredrilling-WC.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919577\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/offshoredrilling-WC.png\" alt=\"BOEM CA map\" width=\"413\" height=\"538\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map from the federal Bureau of Ocean Energy Mgt. shows the “extent of geological plays” off California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the Trump administration’s plan are fearful of a catastrophic oil spill and burning more fossil fuels that drive global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re moving a lot more towards renewable energies,” said protester Chase Wood, 25, a resident of Orange County and a Greenpeace activist. “There are more jobs in the energy sector than there is in all of the coal industry. We need to start moving on to the 21st century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore drilling has been a hot-button issue in the state since 1969, when the blowout of an offshore well led to a catastrophic\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> oil spill\u003c/a> in the Santa Barbara Channel, fouling 35 miles of coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people really recognize that offshore drilling for oil is a dirty and dangerous business,” said Miyoko Sakashita, who directs the oceans program at the Center for Biological Diversity. “We’ve all seen the images of the oiled coasts and the oiled birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has banned new exploration in state waters within three miles of shore for decades, and the White House under Barack Obama added restrictions in federal waters. The Trump administration’s 5-year plan calls for leases to once again be offered to oil and gas companies for exploration and production in nearly all U.S. waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of offshore drilling also weighed in Thursday. Bob Poole, vice president of the Western States Petroleum Association, said the alternative to offshore drilling is importing oil from countries that lack environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919748\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919748 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An expert from the Department of Interior explains aspects of offshore operations to attendees. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We import more than a million barrels [of oil] every day, each and every day, over the ocean, from countries that a lot of whom don’t like us very much,” he said on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2018/02/07/trumps-plan-to-expand-offshore-drilling-gets-a-california-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum radio program\u003c/a>. “All of that oil is coming on on tankers, every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “If we’re going to need oil for the foreseeable future … doesn’t it make sense to produce that oil rather than try to stop that — and produce it under the most stringent environmental regulations on the planet — instead of importing this oil in supertankers from countries like Saudi Arabia and others where they don’t have those rules?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some state officials have begun \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/08/583407248/california-may-have-a-way-to-block-trumps-offshore-drilling-push\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moving to block\u003c/a> newly produced offshore oil from being piped ashore by withholding permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am resolved that not a single drop from Trump’s new oil plan ever makes landfall in California,” said Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom in a statement on behalf of the State Lands Commission, which he chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, State Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson (D-Santa Barbara) introduced SB 834, which would ban new pipelines, piers, wharves, or other infrastructure that would go through state waters. A similar bill died in committee last year. A companion bill, AB 1775, was introduced by Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi (D-Torrance).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, the legislation could potentially dissuade oil companies from buying oil leases. Without a pipeline to bring oil onshore, oil companies would have to turn to other means, like using ships for transport, which is generally seen as riskier and more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry advocates have argued that because federal waters belong to the taxpayers, they should not be closed to drilling. Currently about 30 wells are in operation off of California, mostly in federal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Thursday, the California Assembly overwhelmingly passed a resolution opposing the Trump administration’s plan. The vote was 55-8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly also asked U.S. Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke to remove California from the proposed leasing plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Monique Limón, a Santa Monica Democrat who sought the resolution, cited previous offshore spills that have tarred the state’s picturesque coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans Randy Voepel of Santee and Travis Allen of Huntington Beach say oil and gas can be safely harvested. Allen, a GOP candidate for governor, says the move could help lower gasoline prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters in other states have already gathered to voice their displeasure at the planned reinstatement of offshore drilling. On Tuesday, more than 100 demonstrators gathered outside Oregon’s state Capitol in Salem to denounce the proposal before a planned public meeting.. Twenty-three meetings are scheduled nationwide, one in every state except Hawaii that touches the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. Comments can also be submitted \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/comment?D=BOEM-2017-0074-0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> through March 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Miller, Amel Ahmed, Jon Brooks, Lauren Sommer and the Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several hundred protesters rallied at the state Capitol on Thursday to oppose a \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/NP-Draft-Proposed-Program-2019-2024/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal plan\u003c/a> to expand drilling for oil and gas off California shores. If the plan, currently a draft proposal, is finalized, the U.S. Department of the Interior could begin selling leases to drillers as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters demonstrated before an event held by the Interior Department’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; it was the federal government’s only scheduled public meeting on the issue. The event, held at Sacramento’s main library, was billed as an “open house.” There was no opportunity for public comment; instead the department set up informational displays, with kiosks available to write comments.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Still, protesters managed to get their voices heard, chanting “Where’s the hearing?” and turning the event into something of a circus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Bill Brown, the chief environmental officer with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, defended the meeting’s format, saying it was a “more effective way to communicate.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think there are plenty of legitimate environmental concerns to be addressed,” he said. “The downside of the hearing thing is that you don’t get to talk to [or] really interact with folks. And also everyone needs to sit there, and they only get their two minutes in the sun, basically.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 413px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/offshoredrilling-WC.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919577\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/offshoredrilling-WC.png\" alt=\"BOEM CA map\" width=\"413\" height=\"538\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map from the federal Bureau of Ocean Energy Mgt. shows the “extent of geological plays” off California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the Trump administration’s plan are fearful of a catastrophic oil spill and burning more fossil fuels that drive global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re moving a lot more towards renewable energies,” said protester Chase Wood, 25, a resident of Orange County and a Greenpeace activist. “There are more jobs in the energy sector than there is in all of the coal industry. We need to start moving on to the 21st century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore drilling has been a hot-button issue in the state since 1969, when the blowout of an offshore well led to a catastrophic\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> oil spill\u003c/a> in the Santa Barbara Channel, fouling 35 miles of coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people really recognize that offshore drilling for oil is a dirty and dangerous business,” said Miyoko Sakashita, who directs the oceans program at the Center for Biological Diversity. “We’ve all seen the images of the oiled coasts and the oiled birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has banned new exploration in state waters within three miles of shore for decades, and the White House under Barack Obama added restrictions in federal waters. The Trump administration’s 5-year plan calls for leases to once again be offered to oil and gas companies for exploration and production in nearly all U.S. waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of offshore drilling also weighed in Thursday. Bob Poole, vice president of the Western States Petroleum Association, said the alternative to offshore drilling is importing oil from countries that lack environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919748\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919748 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An expert from the Department of Interior explains aspects of offshore operations to attendees. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We import more than a million barrels [of oil] every day, each and every day, over the ocean, from countries that a lot of whom don’t like us very much,” he said on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2018/02/07/trumps-plan-to-expand-offshore-drilling-gets-a-california-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum radio program\u003c/a>. “All of that oil is coming on on tankers, every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “If we’re going to need oil for the foreseeable future … doesn’t it make sense to produce that oil rather than try to stop that — and produce it under the most stringent environmental regulations on the planet — instead of importing this oil in supertankers from countries like Saudi Arabia and others where they don’t have those rules?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some state officials have begun \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/08/583407248/california-may-have-a-way-to-block-trumps-offshore-drilling-push\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moving to block\u003c/a> newly produced offshore oil from being piped ashore by withholding permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am resolved that not a single drop from Trump’s new oil plan ever makes landfall in California,” said Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom in a statement on behalf of the State Lands Commission, which he chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, State Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson (D-Santa Barbara) introduced SB 834, which would ban new pipelines, piers, wharves, or other infrastructure that would go through state waters. A similar bill died in committee last year. A companion bill, AB 1775, was introduced by Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi (D-Torrance).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, the legislation could potentially dissuade oil companies from buying oil leases. Without a pipeline to bring oil onshore, oil companies would have to turn to other means, like using ships for transport, which is generally seen as riskier and more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry advocates have argued that because federal waters belong to the taxpayers, they should not be closed to drilling. Currently about 30 wells are in operation off of California, mostly in federal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Thursday, the California Assembly overwhelmingly passed a resolution opposing the Trump administration’s plan. The vote was 55-8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly also asked U.S. Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke to remove California from the proposed leasing plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Monique Limón, a Santa Monica Democrat who sought the resolution, cited previous offshore spills that have tarred the state’s picturesque coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans Randy Voepel of Santee and Travis Allen of Huntington Beach say oil and gas can be safely harvested. Allen, a GOP candidate for governor, says the move could help lower gasoline prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters in other states have already gathered to voice their displeasure at the planned reinstatement of offshore drilling. On Tuesday, more than 100 demonstrators gathered outside Oregon’s state Capitol in Salem to denounce the proposal before a planned public meeting.. Twenty-three meetings are scheduled nationwide, one in every state except Hawaii that touches the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. Comments can also be submitted \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/comment?D=BOEM-2017-0074-0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> through March 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Miller, Amel Ahmed, Jon Brooks, Lauren Sommer and the Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Three and a half hours east of Los Angeles lies the Salton Sea, a manmade oasis in the heart of the Mojave Desert. It was created in 1905, when a canal broke and the Colorado River flooded the desert for more than a year. The Sea became a \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/02/04/the_salton_sea_in_california_turned_from_a_relaxing_resort_to_an_apocalyptic.html\">tourist hotspot in the 1950’s\u003c/a>, perfect for swimming, boating, and kayaking. But now, people are coming here looking for something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Turner is the chief operating officer of Controlled Thermal Resources, an energy company from Australia. On a hill overlooking the Salton Sea, he points out a patch of land that will someday house his company’s first power plant, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.cthermal.com/\">Hell’s Kitchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States,” he explains.[contextly_sidebar id=”PW8jPSzwpOdgDlIjMhDbfqBBqq0Q0O6c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal energy uses the earth’s natural heat to create electricity. While there are several different ways to accomplish this, the most common is to take super-heated water from geothermal hot spots and pipe it to the surface. It then turns into steam and spins a turbine, which generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s completely renewable, and generates clean energy around the clock, unlike wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think of renewable energy as a house, solar is the roof and the wind is the walls,” says Jason Czapla, principal engineer for Controlled Thermal Resources. “But geothermal’s the foundation, and what California did is it built the walls and the roof, but on wild, windy days it blows too much rain on the roof [and] that house falls down. Well, the Salton Sea is this opportunity for California to fix that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to develop 1,000 megawatts of electricity here over the next decade. They say that could power about 800,000 homes. And for a state that’s aiming to get \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-climate-change-renewable-energy-20151007-story.html\">half its electricity from renewable sources\u003c/a>, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our development coincides with the state’s target, 2030 being the ultimate goal getting to 50 percent,” says Czapla. “And our goal is to build up that 1,000 megawatts and help them increase the renewable energy portfolio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Williams, a geothermal expert at the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082/\">published a report in 2008\u003c/a> in which he explained that there are \u003ca href=\"https://maps.nrel.gov/geothermal-prospector/?aL=AyQ4yd%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bd%255D%3D1&bL=clight&cE=0&lR=0&mC=48.37084770238366%2C-84.19921875&zL=4\">untapped geothermal reservoirs\u003c/a> throughout the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also elaborated on a developing technology that could drastically increase the amount of power the Earth can provide, called enhanced geothermal systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States.” \u003ccite>Jim Turner, Controlled Thermal Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In order for a reservoir to be able to provide geothermal energy, it has to have three things: heat, water, and permeability. In other words: hot, wet rock, with enough fractures in it to allow water to pass through. Enhanced geothermal systems is the process of taking areas with only one or two of those conditions – hot, dry rock with very little fractures, for example – and altering it to satisfy all three conditions. That could mean cracking underground rock to allow more water to pass through, or inserting water into the rockbed to be heated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says scientists and engineers are still working on the technology for enhanced geothermal systems, but if they are able to make it a reality, that could potentially open up thousands of megawatts of energy potential from new reservoirs. And that could someday take from the country’s current 3,000 megawatts of geothermal energy production to almost 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put that into perspective,” Williams says,” the entire electric power generating capacity in the United States is about a million megawatts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s that much clean energy just waiting in the ground, what’s taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allyson Anderson Book directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americangeosciences.org/\">American Geosciences Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit network of geoscientists around the country. She says that geothermal energy has been historically overlooked as a renewable energy source, to the point that it is sometimes referred to as the “forgotten renewable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gaizwni8JqAsSnhH7rjG8xLqvnEkJahy”]Book says there are social and technical challenges that have kept geothermal from becoming a major player in the energy field. The technology is complex, and plants are expensive to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of different factors that play in,” Book says. “And so the Department of Energy right now is spending a lot of time and energy in something called the FORGE project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.gov/eere/forge/forge-home\">FORGE project\u003c/a> is an Energy Department initiative that would create a dedicated test site for exploring enhanced geothermal systems. Currently, the proposed test site is in Fallon, Nev., where Sandia National Laboratories plans to set up a field where scientists can experiment with new geothermal technology. The idea is, if they can make enhanced geothermal systems a reality, then geothermal energy production around the country would skyrocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back at the Salton Sea, Controlled Thermal Resources isn’t waiting on new technology — it’s hoping to exploit what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office in El Centro, Calif., CEO Rod Colwell plays an aerial video of the southern end of the Salton Sea, where the Hell’s Kitchen plant will go. It’s still in the permitting stages, and it’s going to cost a lot of money – around a billion dollars. But if it’s successful, Colwell plans to build more. He hopes to build enough plants to be able to produce 1,000 megawatts of electricity, which could power about 800,000 homes. And with California looking to phase out its use of fossil fuels, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly in California,” Colwell says, “we will not be able to import any carbon-fired energy after 2025. So it’s important that geothermal is that integral value in the mix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal’s got a long way to go. But Colwell and others are betting that new technology and the demand for clean energy will someday bring this forgotten renewable to the forefront of clean power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KVCR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvcrnews.org\">KVCR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Forgotten+Renewable%3A+Geothermal+Energy+Production+Heats+Up&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three and a half hours east of Los Angeles lies the Salton Sea, a manmade oasis in the heart of the Mojave Desert. It was created in 1905, when a canal broke and the Colorado River flooded the desert for more than a year. The Sea became a \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/02/04/the_salton_sea_in_california_turned_from_a_relaxing_resort_to_an_apocalyptic.html\">tourist hotspot in the 1950’s\u003c/a>, perfect for swimming, boating, and kayaking. But now, people are coming here looking for something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Turner is the chief operating officer of Controlled Thermal Resources, an energy company from Australia. On a hill overlooking the Salton Sea, he points out a patch of land that will someday house his company’s first power plant, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.cthermal.com/\">Hell’s Kitchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States,” he explains.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal energy uses the earth’s natural heat to create electricity. While there are several different ways to accomplish this, the most common is to take super-heated water from geothermal hot spots and pipe it to the surface. It then turns into steam and spins a turbine, which generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s completely renewable, and generates clean energy around the clock, unlike wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think of renewable energy as a house, solar is the roof and the wind is the walls,” says Jason Czapla, principal engineer for Controlled Thermal Resources. “But geothermal’s the foundation, and what California did is it built the walls and the roof, but on wild, windy days it blows too much rain on the roof [and] that house falls down. Well, the Salton Sea is this opportunity for California to fix that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to develop 1,000 megawatts of electricity here over the next decade. They say that could power about 800,000 homes. And for a state that’s aiming to get \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-climate-change-renewable-energy-20151007-story.html\">half its electricity from renewable sources\u003c/a>, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our development coincides with the state’s target, 2030 being the ultimate goal getting to 50 percent,” says Czapla. “And our goal is to build up that 1,000 megawatts and help them increase the renewable energy portfolio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Williams, a geothermal expert at the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082/\">published a report in 2008\u003c/a> in which he explained that there are \u003ca href=\"https://maps.nrel.gov/geothermal-prospector/?aL=AyQ4yd%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bd%255D%3D1&bL=clight&cE=0&lR=0&mC=48.37084770238366%2C-84.19921875&zL=4\">untapped geothermal reservoirs\u003c/a> throughout the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also elaborated on a developing technology that could drastically increase the amount of power the Earth can provide, called enhanced geothermal systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States.” \u003ccite>Jim Turner, Controlled Thermal Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In order for a reservoir to be able to provide geothermal energy, it has to have three things: heat, water, and permeability. In other words: hot, wet rock, with enough fractures in it to allow water to pass through. Enhanced geothermal systems is the process of taking areas with only one or two of those conditions – hot, dry rock with very little fractures, for example – and altering it to satisfy all three conditions. That could mean cracking underground rock to allow more water to pass through, or inserting water into the rockbed to be heated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says scientists and engineers are still working on the technology for enhanced geothermal systems, but if they are able to make it a reality, that could potentially open up thousands of megawatts of energy potential from new reservoirs. And that could someday take from the country’s current 3,000 megawatts of geothermal energy production to almost 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put that into perspective,” Williams says,” the entire electric power generating capacity in the United States is about a million megawatts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s that much clean energy just waiting in the ground, what’s taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allyson Anderson Book directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americangeosciences.org/\">American Geosciences Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit network of geoscientists around the country. She says that geothermal energy has been historically overlooked as a renewable energy source, to the point that it is sometimes referred to as the “forgotten renewable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Book says there are social and technical challenges that have kept geothermal from becoming a major player in the energy field. The technology is complex, and plants are expensive to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of different factors that play in,” Book says. “And so the Department of Energy right now is spending a lot of time and energy in something called the FORGE project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.gov/eere/forge/forge-home\">FORGE project\u003c/a> is an Energy Department initiative that would create a dedicated test site for exploring enhanced geothermal systems. Currently, the proposed test site is in Fallon, Nev., where Sandia National Laboratories plans to set up a field where scientists can experiment with new geothermal technology. The idea is, if they can make enhanced geothermal systems a reality, then geothermal energy production around the country would skyrocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back at the Salton Sea, Controlled Thermal Resources isn’t waiting on new technology — it’s hoping to exploit what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office in El Centro, Calif., CEO Rod Colwell plays an aerial video of the southern end of the Salton Sea, where the Hell’s Kitchen plant will go. It’s still in the permitting stages, and it’s going to cost a lot of money – around a billion dollars. But if it’s successful, Colwell plans to build more. He hopes to build enough plants to be able to produce 1,000 megawatts of electricity, which could power about 800,000 homes. And with California looking to phase out its use of fossil fuels, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly in California,” Colwell says, “we will not be able to import any carbon-fired energy after 2025. So it’s important that geothermal is that integral value in the mix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal’s got a long way to go. But Colwell and others are betting that new technology and the demand for clean energy will someday bring this forgotten renewable to the forefront of clean power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KVCR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvcrnews.org\">KVCR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Forgotten+Renewable%3A+Geothermal+Energy+Production+Heats+Up&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Sets Bold New Target for 'Zero-Emission' Vehicles",
"headTitle": "California Sets Bold New Target for ‘Zero-Emission’ Vehicles | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is significantly upping the ante in its quest to get more electric cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final State-of-the-State address this week, Governor Jerry Brown laid out the state’s ambitions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Then, he dropped something startling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To meet these ambitious goals,” Brown tossed out almost casually, “we’ll need five million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030, and we’re gonna get there, believe me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Brown’s administration made it official with \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=20151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an executive order\u003c/a> setting that as the state’s new target for ZEVs, which includes fuel-cell vehicles and electric vehicles. (Plug-in hybrid cars count, though they’re technically not zero-emissions when their gas engines are engaged.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That represents a significant jump from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/can-california-hit-15m-zero-emission-vehicles-by-2025/441020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state’s previous goal\u003c/a> of 1.5 million by 2025, and it’s nearly 15 times the number currently roaming the state — a fact that the governor acknowledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only have 350,000 today, so we all got a lot of work,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number is slightly less than that, according to the climate-and-economics think tank, \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a>. Its founder, Noel Perry, says the actual the number of ZEVs in circulation in California is just above 337,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sales are growing rapidly in California and we’re on a very good roll,” says Perry. “If we continue going the way we’re going, who knows?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry has more than an inkling. Next 10 has been preparing a report on prospects for meeting the pre-existing 2025 goal. It was scheduled for release next week, though the governor might’ve just sent Perry’s staff back to the drawing board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A previous analysis by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory concluded that to meet the state’s ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goal for 2050, the majority of vehicles on the road will need to be electric. That will require not only that electric car sales continue to grow, but that the infrastructure to support them grows along with that. Brown’s order includes a proposal to spur both car sales and infrastructure with a $2.5 billion investment that includes eight more years of incentives for car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lagged behind in terms of creating the number of charging stations that we need,” says Perry, whose research counts 16,500 commercial and public charging stations in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And although this is the most in the nation by far,” notes Perry, if you look at the ratio of charging outlets per California ZEV, we’re at the very, very low end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that has deterred Governor Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was built on dreams and perseverance,” he said, “and the bolder path is still our way forward.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is significantly upping the ante in its quest to get more electric cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final State-of-the-State address this week, Governor Jerry Brown laid out the state’s ambitions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Then, he dropped something startling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To meet these ambitious goals,” Brown tossed out almost casually, “we’ll need five million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030, and we’re gonna get there, believe me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Brown’s administration made it official with \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=20151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an executive order\u003c/a> setting that as the state’s new target for ZEVs, which includes fuel-cell vehicles and electric vehicles. (Plug-in hybrid cars count, though they’re technically not zero-emissions when their gas engines are engaged.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That represents a significant jump from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/can-california-hit-15m-zero-emission-vehicles-by-2025/441020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state’s previous goal\u003c/a> of 1.5 million by 2025, and it’s nearly 15 times the number currently roaming the state — a fact that the governor acknowledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only have 350,000 today, so we all got a lot of work,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number is slightly less than that, according to the climate-and-economics think tank, \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a>. Its founder, Noel Perry, says the actual the number of ZEVs in circulation in California is just above 337,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sales are growing rapidly in California and we’re on a very good roll,” says Perry. “If we continue going the way we’re going, who knows?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry has more than an inkling. Next 10 has been preparing a report on prospects for meeting the pre-existing 2025 goal. It was scheduled for release next week, though the governor might’ve just sent Perry’s staff back to the drawing board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A previous analysis by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory concluded that to meet the state’s ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goal for 2050, the majority of vehicles on the road will need to be electric. That will require not only that electric car sales continue to grow, but that the infrastructure to support them grows along with that. Brown’s order includes a proposal to spur both car sales and infrastructure with a $2.5 billion investment that includes eight more years of incentives for car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lagged behind in terms of creating the number of charging stations that we need,” says Perry, whose research counts 16,500 commercial and public charging stations in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And although this is the most in the nation by far,” notes Perry, if you look at the ratio of charging outlets per California ZEV, we’re at the very, very low end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that has deterred Governor Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was built on dreams and perseverance,” he said, “and the bolder path is still our way forward.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump is approving tariffs on imported solar-energy components and large washing machines in a bid to help U.S. manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration cast Monday’s decisions as part of Trump’s pledge to put American companies and jobs first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is imposing an immediate tariff of 30 percent on most imported solar modules, with the rate declining before phasing out after four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For large residential washing machines, tariffs will start at up to 50 percent and phase out after three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. solar industry is split over the issue. Two small subsidiaries of foreign companies that made solar cells in the U.S. favor tariffs, but a larger number of companies that install solar-power systems say their costs will rise and jobs will be lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump is approving tariffs on imported solar-energy components and large washing machines in a bid to help U.S. manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration cast Monday’s decisions as part of Trump’s pledge to put American companies and jobs first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is imposing an immediate tariff of 30 percent on most imported solar modules, with the rate declining before phasing out after four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For large residential washing machines, tariffs will start at up to 50 percent and phase out after three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. solar industry is split over the issue. Two small subsidiaries of foreign companies that made solar cells in the U.S. favor tariffs, but a larger number of companies that install solar-power systems say their costs will rise and jobs will be lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>By most measures, California has earned the right to brag about how much it has cleaned up its environmental act. The air in much of smog-shrouded Southern California has been scrubbed. A passenger car for sale here today is 99 percent cleaner than one on offer in the early 1970s. The fossil fuels required to power the state’s economic engine have decreased by a third since their peak in 2001, while economic activity has expanded in that time by an equal measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5oAxK6iSOR71npFeALWQZ2OeGnCZXYA1″]In addition, California’s response to climate change is a one-of-a-kind hybrid, knitting together market-based programs such as the cap-and-trade system for reducing carbon dioxide and other harmful emissions; strict regulations to promote energy efficiency in buildings; and generous financial incentives for “green” projects, drawn from more than $6 billion in carbon-trading proceeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s working. California is poised to meet its goal to reduce greenhouse gases 33 percent, to 1990 levels, by the year 2020. Its targets for use of more renewable energy by that date are, in some cases, already exceeded.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s no question that transportation is a critical piece, maybe thecritical piece, in solving our energy problems.’\u003ccite>Sean Hecht, UCLA’s Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So take a bow, California; you’ve done the easy stuff. But hold on tight for what comes next. The state’s overarching plan was intended to ease industry and consumers into a carbon-free future bit by bit; ten years in, the training wheels are off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions-reduction must hit 40 percent by 2030 and twice that by 2050. In 12 years, half the state’s energy must come from renewable sources such as wind and sun. California’s 14 million buildings must operate twice as efficiently, and the number of electric cars on the road will have to multiply more than 10 times. Failure would likely mean more extreme measures in later years and, many experts say, could affect public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scope of the state’s approach is all-encompassing. By law or executive order, every state agency must consider climate change when making any planning decision. Developers must take into account how far motorists travel to reach a destination, forests will be managed so that trees store more carbon dioxide and highway builders have to calculate the possibility that rising seas might inundate the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The near term looks good. But for the 2030 goals and beyond, normally upbeat officials are guarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a 40 percent reduction [by] 2030 is no small thing. There will be lots of challenges,” said Ken Alex, director of the state Office of Planning and Research, who sees the entire field when it comes to emissions reductions. “Sometimes I’m optimistic, sometimes I’m pessimistic. I’m pessimistic about the political will it takes to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most difficult work begins with California’s single most polluting sector: transportation, which accounts for nearly half the state’s greenhouse-gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Nichols, who chairs the California Air Resources Board, acknowledged that squeezing emissions from transportation will be the most difficult lift of all the 2030 standards, saying the gains require no less than a “deep transformation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will include cutting gasoline use in half, reducing the miles that car-centric Californians drive, dramatically ramping up the adoption of electric vehicles and building a network of readily available charging stations.“There’s no question that transportation is a critical piece, maybe the critical piece, in solving our energy problems,” said Sean Hecht, co-executive director of UCLA’s Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason it’s difficult is that transportation emissions are produced largely outside the clutches of state regulation: think airplanes, trains, and ships. Another is sluggish technological change for heavy-duty and medium-duty trucks, buses and shuttles, although adoption of all-electric municipal buses is growing as costs come down.Cities and regions are charting their own paths, going green to save green: The Los Angeles-area Metropolitan Transportation Agency has a goal of operating an emissions-free bus fleet by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although California has decreed that auto manufacturers sell a percentage of zero-emission vehicles, there is no mandate that drivers purchase the pricey cars. Regulators and legislators have been reluctant to force consumers to buy them, as they have with TVs, heavy appliances and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would change with legislation proposed by Assemblyman Phil Ting, a Democrat from San Francisco. Ting’s bill would ban the sale of gasoline-powered cars in California by 2040, mirroring bans proposed by some European countries. The idea went nowhere when Ting proposed it last year, and its prospects now are unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While gas-sipping hybrids such as the Prius are nearly ubiquitous and certainly helpful, only true zero-emission vehicles can bring about the scale of change the state’s goals require, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way to get there without significant reduction in passenger-vehicle emissions,” said Ting, who drives an electric car. He said that more access to charging stations would be transformational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-800x1035.png\" alt=\"Infographic\" width=\"800\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-800x1035.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-160x207.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-768x994.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-1020x1320.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-1180x1527.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-960x1242.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-240x311.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-375x485.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-520x673.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png.png 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Air Resources Board recently issued this plan for how the state should reduce greenhouse gases beyond 2020. \u003ccite>(Graphic by California Air Resources Board.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People talk about the lack of infrastructure, yet there’s electricity everywhere they park their car, unless they are in the forest,” he said. “People park their car much nearer to electricity than they do to gasoline. In transportation they talk about ‘the last mile.’ Here we have the ‘last foot’ issue. We just need the extension cord for the last foot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of that work falls to the California Energy Commission, which has tied together charging stations that trace a north-south, mainly coastal path. The easier task of attracting electric car buyers in Southern California and the Bay Area has been accomplished. The challenge now is engaging inland drivers, in places such as Bakersfield, Fresno and Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Kato, deputy director of the commission’s Fuels and Transportation Division, agreed that the new benchmarks are “challenging, but we believe the private sector will take up the baton,” with automakers producing a wider variety of vehicles, across a broad price range, appealing to more buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unexpected private-sector benefit comes from Volkswagen, which settled an emissions-cheating case by agreeing to spend more than $800 million building charging stations (from which the company will also profit) throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National trends are cause for optimism, said Paul Cort, an attorney with the environmental group Earthjustice. “There is an acceleration in acceptance and uptake among car buyers,” he said. “It took us 10 years to get to the first million electric vehicles; the second million was achieved in two years; the third million will be on the road in one year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One success story has been the state utilities’ swift integration of renewable energy into the state electric grid, partly because of a dramatic decline in the cost of solar energy. Emissions from power generated in the state fell by more than 19 percent last year, partly due to the ramping up of hydroelectric power with last year’s heavy rains. The Public Utilities Commission that regulates energy companies reports that they have met or will soon meet the 2020 targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de León, a Democrat from Los Angeles who is currently running to unseat Democratic U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein, recently set an even higher bar, proposing 100 percent renewable energy throughout the state by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be more difficult to find further savings from existing energy-efficiency programs, long a bulwark of California’s carbon-reduction efforts. The state is phasing out incandescent light bulbs and the building codes for new construction continue to mandate efficiency. But still to be tackled is the thorny problem of retrofitting millions of old and outdated homes and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one analysis calculates that natural gas used in hot water heaters and to warm residential and commercial buildings is causing nearly the same emissions as the state’s power plants. Converting gas-fired buildings to fully electric is daunting, and hugely expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”kvHQJnLDSQDCWe2YwsvNKBOtFbjnN6yk”]With so many reductions required, the Air Resource Board’s post-2020 strategy is one element—a critical one—of the state’s multiagency approach to climate change. That strategy elevates the cap-and-trade system, in which companies can pay to pollute by buying credits, to a much more significant role. Cap and trade limits emissions on 80 percent of California’s polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board recently issued this plan for how the state should reduce greenhouse gases beyond 2020. Graphic by California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has never precisely quantified cap and trade’s contribution to greenhouse-gas reduction. Officials projected it at 17-20 percent in a planning document in 2008—a year before the program launched—but are unable to say if those assumptions have been borne out. The board has not conducted the complicated analysis required to determine the program’s actual role in cutting emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, last month it adopted a plan to reach post-2020 objectives that ups the ante: It forecasts that cap and trade, which lawmakers recently extended to 2030, will be responsible for nearly 40 percent of California’s emissions reductions by that time, a figure disputed by some as unrealistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some critics of the program say another factor could cause the state to miss its 2030 emissions targets: the banking system that allows individual companies to hold tens of millions of carbon credits in reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to separate analyses by the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office and independent economists, refineries, cement plants and other major polluters could produce emissions in the next decade that are well above the state’s ever-tightening limits and use their banked credits, purchased cheaply, to offset their excess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Busch, an economist and research director at the think tank Energy Innovation, said his analysis showed that because of the oversupply of allowances the “effectiveness of the program could be compromised.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross Brown, who analyzes cap and trade for the LAO, said in an interview that there’s a “decent to good chance” that banked credits could vault emissions to more than 30 percent over legal limits in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has the attention of the state Legislature, which has directed the air board to investigate. So far, the agency has shrugged off the concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rajinder Sahota, who oversees the cap-and-trade program for the air board, said that although the analyses may be correct in that emissions may exceed the cap in any given year, the agency is confident that the cumulative emissions between 2021 and 2030 will fall and California will meet its goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expect to see fluctuations over time,” she said. “There are a number of factors that account for emissions in any given year—the economy, business decisions. In a perfect world, you’d like to see a decline over time. But it doesn’t always work that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said the analyses of banked credits are a “paper exercise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the allowances in the program are still in the ARB’s account,” she said. The LAO’s calculations would require a company to spend hundreds of millions of dollars for credits now on a bet that the price will rise as emissions limits get stricter, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data show that is not happening,” Sahota said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, she and air board chairwoman Nichols said the plan is open to revisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown’s personal investment in California’s climate-change policies has been a force multiplier, spurring the myriad state agencies to adopt, and state industries to adapt to, the prospect of a carbon-less future. But Brown is in his final year in office, and the Legislature’s to-do list is crowded with other enormous issues, such as poverty and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether lawmakers will continue to invest in programs that, to some, don’t seem to immediately improve the lives of Californians, is an open question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One critic is state Sen. John Moorlach, a Republican from Costa Mesa who is also an accountant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come from a world where you measure things so you can manage it,” the senator said. “It’s a matter of priorities. Sacramento is pumping itself on the chest, thinking it is going save the world. I’m not convinced this is the right use of our resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such doubts could present hurdles as the global-warming clock winds down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are running out of time. That’s clear,” said Ken Alex. “To me, it’s about political will and scale. We feel confident that it’s doable. But do we have the political will to get there?”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By most measures, California has earned the right to brag about how much it has cleaned up its environmental act. The air in much of smog-shrouded Southern California has been scrubbed. A passenger car for sale here today is 99 percent cleaner than one on offer in the early 1970s. The fossil fuels required to power the state’s economic engine have decreased by a third since their peak in 2001, while economic activity has expanded in that time by an equal measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In addition, California’s response to climate change is a one-of-a-kind hybrid, knitting together market-based programs such as the cap-and-trade system for reducing carbon dioxide and other harmful emissions; strict regulations to promote energy efficiency in buildings; and generous financial incentives for “green” projects, drawn from more than $6 billion in carbon-trading proceeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s working. California is poised to meet its goal to reduce greenhouse gases 33 percent, to 1990 levels, by the year 2020. Its targets for use of more renewable energy by that date are, in some cases, already exceeded.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s no question that transportation is a critical piece, maybe thecritical piece, in solving our energy problems.’\u003ccite>Sean Hecht, UCLA’s Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So take a bow, California; you’ve done the easy stuff. But hold on tight for what comes next. The state’s overarching plan was intended to ease industry and consumers into a carbon-free future bit by bit; ten years in, the training wheels are off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions-reduction must hit 40 percent by 2030 and twice that by 2050. In 12 years, half the state’s energy must come from renewable sources such as wind and sun. California’s 14 million buildings must operate twice as efficiently, and the number of electric cars on the road will have to multiply more than 10 times. Failure would likely mean more extreme measures in later years and, many experts say, could affect public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scope of the state’s approach is all-encompassing. By law or executive order, every state agency must consider climate change when making any planning decision. Developers must take into account how far motorists travel to reach a destination, forests will be managed so that trees store more carbon dioxide and highway builders have to calculate the possibility that rising seas might inundate the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The near term looks good. But for the 2030 goals and beyond, normally upbeat officials are guarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a 40 percent reduction [by] 2030 is no small thing. There will be lots of challenges,” said Ken Alex, director of the state Office of Planning and Research, who sees the entire field when it comes to emissions reductions. “Sometimes I’m optimistic, sometimes I’m pessimistic. I’m pessimistic about the political will it takes to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most difficult work begins with California’s single most polluting sector: transportation, which accounts for nearly half the state’s greenhouse-gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Nichols, who chairs the California Air Resources Board, acknowledged that squeezing emissions from transportation will be the most difficult lift of all the 2030 standards, saying the gains require no less than a “deep transformation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will include cutting gasoline use in half, reducing the miles that car-centric Californians drive, dramatically ramping up the adoption of electric vehicles and building a network of readily available charging stations.“There’s no question that transportation is a critical piece, maybe the critical piece, in solving our energy problems,” said Sean Hecht, co-executive director of UCLA’s Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason it’s difficult is that transportation emissions are produced largely outside the clutches of state regulation: think airplanes, trains, and ships. Another is sluggish technological change for heavy-duty and medium-duty trucks, buses and shuttles, although adoption of all-electric municipal buses is growing as costs come down.Cities and regions are charting their own paths, going green to save green: The Los Angeles-area Metropolitan Transportation Agency has a goal of operating an emissions-free bus fleet by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although California has decreed that auto manufacturers sell a percentage of zero-emission vehicles, there is no mandate that drivers purchase the pricey cars. Regulators and legislators have been reluctant to force consumers to buy them, as they have with TVs, heavy appliances and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would change with legislation proposed by Assemblyman Phil Ting, a Democrat from San Francisco. Ting’s bill would ban the sale of gasoline-powered cars in California by 2040, mirroring bans proposed by some European countries. The idea went nowhere when Ting proposed it last year, and its prospects now are unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While gas-sipping hybrids such as the Prius are nearly ubiquitous and certainly helpful, only true zero-emission vehicles can bring about the scale of change the state’s goals require, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way to get there without significant reduction in passenger-vehicle emissions,” said Ting, who drives an electric car. He said that more access to charging stations would be transformational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-800x1035.png\" alt=\"Infographic\" width=\"800\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-800x1035.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-160x207.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-768x994.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-1020x1320.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-1180x1527.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-960x1242.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-240x311.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-375x485.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png-520x673.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/grafic-png.png 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Air Resources Board recently issued this plan for how the state should reduce greenhouse gases beyond 2020. \u003ccite>(Graphic by California Air Resources Board.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People talk about the lack of infrastructure, yet there’s electricity everywhere they park their car, unless they are in the forest,” he said. “People park their car much nearer to electricity than they do to gasoline. In transportation they talk about ‘the last mile.’ Here we have the ‘last foot’ issue. We just need the extension cord for the last foot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of that work falls to the California Energy Commission, which has tied together charging stations that trace a north-south, mainly coastal path. The easier task of attracting electric car buyers in Southern California and the Bay Area has been accomplished. The challenge now is engaging inland drivers, in places such as Bakersfield, Fresno and Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Kato, deputy director of the commission’s Fuels and Transportation Division, agreed that the new benchmarks are “challenging, but we believe the private sector will take up the baton,” with automakers producing a wider variety of vehicles, across a broad price range, appealing to more buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unexpected private-sector benefit comes from Volkswagen, which settled an emissions-cheating case by agreeing to spend more than $800 million building charging stations (from which the company will also profit) throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National trends are cause for optimism, said Paul Cort, an attorney with the environmental group Earthjustice. “There is an acceleration in acceptance and uptake among car buyers,” he said. “It took us 10 years to get to the first million electric vehicles; the second million was achieved in two years; the third million will be on the road in one year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One success story has been the state utilities’ swift integration of renewable energy into the state electric grid, partly because of a dramatic decline in the cost of solar energy. Emissions from power generated in the state fell by more than 19 percent last year, partly due to the ramping up of hydroelectric power with last year’s heavy rains. The Public Utilities Commission that regulates energy companies reports that they have met or will soon meet the 2020 targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de León, a Democrat from Los Angeles who is currently running to unseat Democratic U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein, recently set an even higher bar, proposing 100 percent renewable energy throughout the state by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be more difficult to find further savings from existing energy-efficiency programs, long a bulwark of California’s carbon-reduction efforts. The state is phasing out incandescent light bulbs and the building codes for new construction continue to mandate efficiency. But still to be tackled is the thorny problem of retrofitting millions of old and outdated homes and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one analysis calculates that natural gas used in hot water heaters and to warm residential and commercial buildings is causing nearly the same emissions as the state’s power plants. Converting gas-fired buildings to fully electric is daunting, and hugely expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>With so many reductions required, the Air Resource Board’s post-2020 strategy is one element—a critical one—of the state’s multiagency approach to climate change. That strategy elevates the cap-and-trade system, in which companies can pay to pollute by buying credits, to a much more significant role. Cap and trade limits emissions on 80 percent of California’s polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board recently issued this plan for how the state should reduce greenhouse gases beyond 2020. Graphic by California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has never precisely quantified cap and trade’s contribution to greenhouse-gas reduction. Officials projected it at 17-20 percent in a planning document in 2008—a year before the program launched—but are unable to say if those assumptions have been borne out. The board has not conducted the complicated analysis required to determine the program’s actual role in cutting emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, last month it adopted a plan to reach post-2020 objectives that ups the ante: It forecasts that cap and trade, which lawmakers recently extended to 2030, will be responsible for nearly 40 percent of California’s emissions reductions by that time, a figure disputed by some as unrealistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some critics of the program say another factor could cause the state to miss its 2030 emissions targets: the banking system that allows individual companies to hold tens of millions of carbon credits in reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to separate analyses by the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office and independent economists, refineries, cement plants and other major polluters could produce emissions in the next decade that are well above the state’s ever-tightening limits and use their banked credits, purchased cheaply, to offset their excess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Busch, an economist and research director at the think tank Energy Innovation, said his analysis showed that because of the oversupply of allowances the “effectiveness of the program could be compromised.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross Brown, who analyzes cap and trade for the LAO, said in an interview that there’s a “decent to good chance” that banked credits could vault emissions to more than 30 percent over legal limits in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has the attention of the state Legislature, which has directed the air board to investigate. So far, the agency has shrugged off the concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rajinder Sahota, who oversees the cap-and-trade program for the air board, said that although the analyses may be correct in that emissions may exceed the cap in any given year, the agency is confident that the cumulative emissions between 2021 and 2030 will fall and California will meet its goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expect to see fluctuations over time,” she said. “There are a number of factors that account for emissions in any given year—the economy, business decisions. In a perfect world, you’d like to see a decline over time. But it doesn’t always work that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said the analyses of banked credits are a “paper exercise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the allowances in the program are still in the ARB’s account,” she said. The LAO’s calculations would require a company to spend hundreds of millions of dollars for credits now on a bet that the price will rise as emissions limits get stricter, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data show that is not happening,” Sahota said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, she and air board chairwoman Nichols said the plan is open to revisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown’s personal investment in California’s climate-change policies has been a force multiplier, spurring the myriad state agencies to adopt, and state industries to adapt to, the prospect of a carbon-less future. But Brown is in his final year in office, and the Legislature’s to-do list is crowded with other enormous issues, such as poverty and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether lawmakers will continue to invest in programs that, to some, don’t seem to immediately improve the lives of Californians, is an open question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One critic is state Sen. John Moorlach, a Republican from Costa Mesa who is also an accountant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come from a world where you measure things so you can manage it,” the senator said. “It’s a matter of priorities. Sacramento is pumping itself on the chest, thinking it is going save the world. I’m not convinced this is the right use of our resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such doubts could present hurdles as the global-warming clock winds down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are running out of time. That’s clear,” said Ken Alex. “To me, it’s about political will and scale. We feel confident that it’s doable. But do we have the political will to get there?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "After Florida Gets Offshore Drilling Exemption, Other States Ask For The Same",
"headTitle": "After Florida Gets Offshore Drilling Exemption, Other States Ask For The Same | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>After the Trump administration promised Florida that the state would be exempt from expanded offshore oil drilling, other coastal states had just one question: “What about us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either. Where do we sign up for a waiver?’\u003ccite>New York Governor Andrew Cuomo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>From Oregon to South Carolina, governors and other leaders are publicly noting that Florida does not have a monopoly on picturesque coasts, tourist economies or local opposition to offshore drilling. But currently, it’s the only state to have received a pledge from the administration that it won’t be considered for new oil and gas platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”FT5gYVvbtUMcmhZi3Fw7GNJLD20ui828″]”New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either,” tweeted New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo. “Where do we sign up for a waiver?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the news broke about Republican-governed Florida, Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/950933669660844032\">asked\u003c/a> whether there are different rules for blue states like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, a Republican, \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article193927974.html\">told reporters in South Carolina\u003c/a> he plans to ask the Trump administration for an exemption, calling it “a matter of serious importance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced the proposed plan to sell offshore drilling licenses in waters that were protected under the Obama administration. The proposal would take effect in 2019, as NPR’s Merrit Kennedy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The plan would determine the size, timing and location of leasing activities and would replace President Barack Obama’s 2017-2022 program. It includes all but one of 26 “planning areas” in federal waters off U.S. coastlines, making up about 90 percent of the outer continental shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in comparison with the 94 percent that is now off limits, according to the administration. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed change is welcomed by the oil and gas industry. In a statement, the National Ocean Industries Association praised Zinke ‘for offering the broadest possible acreage for potential inclusion in our nation’s next offshore leasing program.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meanwhile, environmental organizations are alarmed and stress that it could place wildlife and coastal communities at risk of a spill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But one week later came the carve-out for Florida. In a statement released Tuesday, Zinke praised Florida Gov. Rick Scott as “a straightforward leader that can be trusted,” and made a pledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“President Trump has directed me to rebuild our offshore oil and gas program in a manner that supports our national energy policy and also takes into consideration the local and state voice. I support the governor’s position that Florida is unique and its coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver. As a result of discussion with Governor [Scott] and his leadership, I am removing Florida from consideration for any new oil and gas platforms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Richard Gonzales reported, “Zinke did not say whether he would meet with governors of other coastal states to hear their concerns or whether Interior officials had consulted with Scott before the announcement last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeking a similar exemption for California, the state’s attorney general, Xavier Becerra, used some of Zinke’s own words to tweet, “California is also ‘unique’ & our ‘coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver.’ Our ‘local and state voice’ is firmly opposed to any and all offshore drilling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra added, “we, too, should be removed from your list. Immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California experienced one of the worst oil spills in U.S. history in 1969, from an offshore drilling site near Santa Barbara, as member station KPCC \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/01/04/79541/trump-moves-to-vastly-expand-california-offshore-d/\">notes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No federal leases have been granted off the California coast since 1984,” KPCC writes, and new state leases have been banned for decades. Drilling has continued on older, pre-existing leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, 69 percent of Californians oppose offshore drilling,” KPCC reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the West Coast, the governors of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OregonGovBrown/status/950901385205182464\">Oregon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovInslee/status/951136584178417664\">Washington\u003c/a> signaled that they’d like to be “off the table,” too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Tim Kaine \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/timkaine/status/950882538318450688\">says\u003c/a> Virginia’s governor and governor-elect have both asked for an exemption, unsuccessfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as \u003cem>Governing \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-trump-florida-offshore-drilling-states.html\">notes\u003c/a>, it’s a little surprising that the Trump administration opted to make an exception for Florida — not just because of the backlash from other states but because of the potential profit in the eastern Gulf, right off Florida’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-10/trump-yanks-florida-from-offshore-drilling-plan-after-objections\">Bloomberg explains\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The eastern Gulf of Mexico was believed to be the most tempting new prospect for oil companies in the expansive Trump administration draft, because it is close to existing pipelines and processing facilities — not to mention the refineries in Texas and Louisiana. … And the same geological trends that have yielded major oil discoveries in other parts of the Gulf could be replicated in its easternmost reaches.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the federal policy on offshore drilling in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">Merrit’s story\u003c/a> from last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Florida+Gets+Offshore+Drilling+Exemption%2C+Other+States+Ask+For+The+Same&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Trump administration has proposed radically expanding offshore oil drilling, but Florida's waters are \"off the table.\" Leaders in California, New York, South Carolina and elsewhere noticed.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the Trump administration promised Florida that the state would be exempt from expanded offshore oil drilling, other coastal states had just one question: “What about us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either. Where do we sign up for a waiver?’\u003ccite>New York Governor Andrew Cuomo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>From Oregon to South Carolina, governors and other leaders are publicly noting that Florida does not have a monopoly on picturesque coasts, tourist economies or local opposition to offshore drilling. But currently, it’s the only state to have received a pledge from the administration that it won’t be considered for new oil and gas platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either,” tweeted New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo. “Where do we sign up for a waiver?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the news broke about Republican-governed Florida, Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/950933669660844032\">asked\u003c/a> whether there are different rules for blue states like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, a Republican, \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article193927974.html\">told reporters in South Carolina\u003c/a> he plans to ask the Trump administration for an exemption, calling it “a matter of serious importance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced the proposed plan to sell offshore drilling licenses in waters that were protected under the Obama administration. The proposal would take effect in 2019, as NPR’s Merrit Kennedy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The plan would determine the size, timing and location of leasing activities and would replace President Barack Obama’s 2017-2022 program. It includes all but one of 26 “planning areas” in federal waters off U.S. coastlines, making up about 90 percent of the outer continental shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in comparison with the 94 percent that is now off limits, according to the administration. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed change is welcomed by the oil and gas industry. In a statement, the National Ocean Industries Association praised Zinke ‘for offering the broadest possible acreage for potential inclusion in our nation’s next offshore leasing program.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meanwhile, environmental organizations are alarmed and stress that it could place wildlife and coastal communities at risk of a spill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But one week later came the carve-out for Florida. In a statement released Tuesday, Zinke praised Florida Gov. Rick Scott as “a straightforward leader that can be trusted,” and made a pledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“President Trump has directed me to rebuild our offshore oil and gas program in a manner that supports our national energy policy and also takes into consideration the local and state voice. I support the governor’s position that Florida is unique and its coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver. As a result of discussion with Governor [Scott] and his leadership, I am removing Florida from consideration for any new oil and gas platforms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Richard Gonzales reported, “Zinke did not say whether he would meet with governors of other coastal states to hear their concerns or whether Interior officials had consulted with Scott before the announcement last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeking a similar exemption for California, the state’s attorney general, Xavier Becerra, used some of Zinke’s own words to tweet, “California is also ‘unique’ & our ‘coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver.’ Our ‘local and state voice’ is firmly opposed to any and all offshore drilling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra added, “we, too, should be removed from your list. Immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California experienced one of the worst oil spills in U.S. history in 1969, from an offshore drilling site near Santa Barbara, as member station KPCC \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/01/04/79541/trump-moves-to-vastly-expand-california-offshore-d/\">notes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No federal leases have been granted off the California coast since 1984,” KPCC writes, and new state leases have been banned for decades. Drilling has continued on older, pre-existing leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, 69 percent of Californians oppose offshore drilling,” KPCC reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the West Coast, the governors of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OregonGovBrown/status/950901385205182464\">Oregon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovInslee/status/951136584178417664\">Washington\u003c/a> signaled that they’d like to be “off the table,” too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Tim Kaine \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/timkaine/status/950882538318450688\">says\u003c/a> Virginia’s governor and governor-elect have both asked for an exemption, unsuccessfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as \u003cem>Governing \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-trump-florida-offshore-drilling-states.html\">notes\u003c/a>, it’s a little surprising that the Trump administration opted to make an exception for Florida — not just because of the backlash from other states but because of the potential profit in the eastern Gulf, right off Florida’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-10/trump-yanks-florida-from-offshore-drilling-plan-after-objections\">Bloomberg explains\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The eastern Gulf of Mexico was believed to be the most tempting new prospect for oil companies in the expansive Trump administration draft, because it is close to existing pipelines and processing facilities — not to mention the refineries in Texas and Louisiana. … And the same geological trends that have yielded major oil discoveries in other parts of the Gulf could be replicated in its easternmost reaches.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the federal policy on offshore drilling in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">Merrit’s story\u003c/a> from last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Florida+Gets+Offshore+Drilling+Exemption%2C+Other+States+Ask+For+The+Same&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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