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"content": "\u003cp>California’s top energy and environment officials today protested the federal rollback of the Clean Power Plan — an ambitious effort to slash carbon pollution from power plants nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt \u003ca href=\"http://ago.wv.gov/publicresources/epa/Documents/Opening%20Core%20Brief%20-%20file-stamped%20(M0119247xCECC6).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led a charge against\u003c/a> the Clean Power Plan when it was proposed by the Obama Administration in 2015, claiming it was an overreach of the government’s regulatory authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”cfVQJvVrvXF3bMZ9NTEWTqsVZNPAmsmx”]Since appointed by President Trump to lead the EPA, Pruitt \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/electric-utility-generating-units-repealing-clean-power-plan-0\">has sought to scrap\u003c/a> the plan. Now the agency is seeking comment about whether and how to do that, at a series of public meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1920484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Environmental Protection Agency listens to community comment and concern regarding the Clean Power Plan at the San Francisco Public Library in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protesters, Oregon state leaders, and members of the public also showed up to the event, which was billed as a “listening session.” Air Resources Board chairwoman \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/about/leadership/mary-d-nichols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Nichols\u003c/a> pointedly asked federal officials who they were listening to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it the voices, the outdated technologies of the past? Or the ever-growing numbers of people across this country who are demanding clean energy?” Nichols said. “We in California have already made our choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1920485 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1180x1768.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-960x1438.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-375x562.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-520x779.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters, ranging from students to religious proponents to mothers hold signs at a rally outside of City Hall, calling for the Environmental Protection Agency to protect the Clean Power Plan, in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s choices mean the state already exceeds the Clean Power Plan’s intended goals, and then some — a point Nichols and other officials made repeatedly. But they also argued that climate change remains a major threat to infrastructure, health and other assets in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fBjGGD3gEI7TFwFF1xOhm8jDpQpH3wjR”]The California Energy Commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/commission/executive/smith.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Courtney Smith\u003c/a> said that the reducing greenhouse gas emissions is “critical to the resilience of [the] power sector, as the impacts of climate are threatening critical infrastructure and making it more difficult for us to ensure reliability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also pointed to climate-driven catastrophes like wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise as risk factors that the Clean Power Plan could help mitigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the ability to plan for this unpredictable loss, near-term needs must be met with natural gas, which increases greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/clean-power-plan-proposed-repeal-how-comment\">is accepting comments\u003c/a> on the Clean Power Plan through April 26th.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s top energy and environment officials today protested the federal rollback of the Clean Power Plan — an ambitious effort to slash carbon pollution from power plants nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt \u003ca href=\"http://ago.wv.gov/publicresources/epa/Documents/Opening%20Core%20Brief%20-%20file-stamped%20(M0119247xCECC6).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led a charge against\u003c/a> the Clean Power Plan when it was proposed by the Obama Administration in 2015, claiming it was an overreach of the government’s regulatory authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Since appointed by President Trump to lead the EPA, Pruitt \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/electric-utility-generating-units-repealing-clean-power-plan-0\">has sought to scrap\u003c/a> the plan. Now the agency is seeking comment about whether and how to do that, at a series of public meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1920484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Environmental Protection Agency listens to community comment and concern regarding the Clean Power Plan at the San Francisco Public Library in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protesters, Oregon state leaders, and members of the public also showed up to the event, which was billed as a “listening session.” Air Resources Board chairwoman \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/about/leadership/mary-d-nichols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Nichols\u003c/a> pointedly asked federal officials who they were listening to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it the voices, the outdated technologies of the past? Or the ever-growing numbers of people across this country who are demanding clean energy?” Nichols said. “We in California have already made our choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1920485 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1180x1768.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-960x1438.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-375x562.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-520x779.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters, ranging from students to religious proponents to mothers hold signs at a rally outside of City Hall, calling for the Environmental Protection Agency to protect the Clean Power Plan, in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s choices mean the state already exceeds the Clean Power Plan’s intended goals, and then some — a point Nichols and other officials made repeatedly. But they also argued that climate change remains a major threat to infrastructure, health and other assets in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The California Energy Commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/commission/executive/smith.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Courtney Smith\u003c/a> said that the reducing greenhouse gas emissions is “critical to the resilience of [the] power sector, as the impacts of climate are threatening critical infrastructure and making it more difficult for us to ensure reliability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also pointed to climate-driven catastrophes like wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise as risk factors that the Clean Power Plan could help mitigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the ability to plan for this unpredictable loss, near-term needs must be met with natural gas, which increases greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/clean-power-plan-proposed-repeal-how-comment\">is accepting comments\u003c/a> on the Clean Power Plan through April 26th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Feds Weigh Protections for Klamath River's Spring-Run Chinook Salmon",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal fisheries officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/27/2018-03906/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-90-day-finding-on-a-petition-to-list-chinook-salmon-in-the-upper\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said Tuesday\u003c/a> they will consider putting the Klamath River’s once-flourishing wild spring-run chinook salmon on the list of threatened or endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Marine Fisheries Services plans a 12-month review on whether to give protected status to the salmon in and around the Klamath River.[contextly_sidebar id=”hQb3A0HClDHH9kLMGEy9KLUxOliK5SMp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring chinook, historically the first chinook salmon to return from the ocean each winter, were once one of the most abundant salmon in the region, important to tribes, fishermen and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California’s Karuk tribe, which joined the \u003ca href=\"http://srrc.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Salmon River Restoration Council\u003c/a> environmental group in petitioning for more protections for the fish, says the run is nearly extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservationists have pointed to Klamath River dams, which stop chinook from reaching historic spawning grounds, as a major factor in the decline of the spring run. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is expected to decide in 2019 whether to approve a deal among tribes, dam owner PacifiCorp utilities company, and others to remove the dams and reopen hundreds of miles of river to the migrating salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal fisheries’ move comes after a UC Davis study showed the spring chinook are more of an evolutionary rarity than realized when compared to runs that return to spawn later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal fisheries officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/27/2018-03906/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-90-day-finding-on-a-petition-to-list-chinook-salmon-in-the-upper\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said Tuesday\u003c/a> they will consider putting the Klamath River’s once-flourishing wild spring-run chinook salmon on the list of threatened or endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Marine Fisheries Services plans a 12-month review on whether to give protected status to the salmon in and around the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring chinook, historically the first chinook salmon to return from the ocean each winter, were once one of the most abundant salmon in the region, important to tribes, fishermen and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California’s Karuk tribe, which joined the \u003ca href=\"http://srrc.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Salmon River Restoration Council\u003c/a> environmental group in petitioning for more protections for the fish, says the run is nearly extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservationists have pointed to Klamath River dams, which stop chinook from reaching historic spawning grounds, as a major factor in the decline of the spring run. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Californians Are Struggling to Pay for Rising Water Rates",
"headTitle": "Californians Are Struggling to Pay for Rising Water Rates | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Water rates are rising in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/27/californias-water-system-built-for-a-climate-we-no-longer-have/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many California communities\u003c/a> faster than some residents can keep up. While the state works to come up with a plan to tackle affordability issues, one bill seeks to protect against water shutoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has been blessed with the distinction of being home to some of the richest and the poorest income-earning Americans, according to a 2015 report by the Social Science Research Council. This stark division of wealth between the extravagantly rich and the destitute is displayed vividly in how the state’s residents consume water. On the one hand, some estate owners have been publicly shamed for watering their lawns during extreme drought with thousands of gallons per day – sometimes five or 10 times the average household rate. While other Californians live in communities where there isn’t enough water or the water isn’t safe to drink.[contextly_sidebar id=”tM2uhXoAkq4PMP3wJWvN4oZCRFjH79TS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just access to water that’s a problem, it’s\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/25/why-this-california-towns-water-costs-3-times-the-national-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> also the cost\u003c/a>. Many California residents, in both small towns and big cities, are struggling to keep up with the rising price of water. The State Water Resources Control Board has been tasked with coming up with a plan to tackle affordability, but it’s been slow going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max Gomberg, the State Water Resources Control Board’s climate and conservation manager, says the price of water has increased at six times the rate of inflation across the state. Gomberg’s agency is currently drafting a set of recommendations that will help the state legislature develop a financial assistance program for residents with soaring water rates. The water board, which already missed a February 1 deadline on the task, aims to submit the guidelines this year, though Gomberg says the legislature is not required to follow them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Costs of Climate Change \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water prices are rising in California for a variety of reasons. For one thing, much of the state is either a desert or is dominated by an arid Mediterranean climate, so \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/20/is-californias-water-system-really-broken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water is naturally scarce\u003c/a>. Because water must often be obtained from distant sources, large infrastructure projects are necessary – and much of this infrastructure is aging. Gomberg says many water agencies are catching up on deferred maintenance of pipes, pumps and wells and passing associated costs on to their customers. In some districts, water has become contaminated and must be treated – another cost that gets distributed through residential water bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Between 2010 and 2017 water rates in Los Angeles jumped 71 percent.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“But one of the big drivers is climate change,” Gomberg says. “Climate change is making hydrology more variable. We’re having longer droughts and warmer hot spells. Water districts that could once rely on rain and reliable groundwater reserves no longer can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the small San Joaquin Valley communities of Cantua Creek and El Porvenir, hundreds of residents are paying above-average rates for water that they cannot even safely drink. It’s a situation that Erica Fernandez Zamora, a policy advocate with the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, says violates the California Human Right to Water law of 2012, which states that, “every human being has the right to safe, clean, affordable and accessible water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantua Creek and El Porvenir both receive water from Fresno County via Westlands Water District, a wealthy agricultural region that obtains water from the federal Central Valley Project run by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The 2012–16 drought affected supplies, forcing Westlands to pay more. In turn, the 600 residents of Cantua Creek and El Porvenir were faced with rate increases, which the communities of mostly low-income farm workers didn’t believe they could pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates were $110 a month in El Porvenir and $72 a month in Cantua Creek for water that the state deemed unsafe. Facing water shutoffs, the state stepped in with emergency funds to reduce costs and provide bottled water, but the grants expire this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1008622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 371px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1008622\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"371\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water flows out of a pipe in California. \u003ccite>(John Chacon/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to find permanent solutions for these people,” Zamora says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the San Joaquin Valley isn’t the only area where water affordability is a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the water news agency Circle of Blue, between 2010 and 2017 water rates in Los Angeles jumped 71 percent. The biggest increase was for households of four that used 100 gallons per capita a day, which saw monthly water bills increase from $58.49 to $100.14. In San Francisco water rates increased 119–127 percent (depending on usage) during the same period. Bills increased from $86.31 to $195.86 a month for a household of four using 150 gallons per person a day. For those using only 50 gallons per person a day, rates jumped $30.63 to $67.07. Both cities have undertaken costly infrastructure upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in relatively affluent smaller communities, the cost of water has escalated, too. The wine country town of St. Helena in the Napa Valley, which is grappling with infrastructure upgrades, is one example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rates are now two-and-a-half times those in the city of Napa,” says Geoff Ellsworth, a member of the St. Helena City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State senator Bill Dodd, a Democrat from Napa, recently introduced legislation that would make it more difficult for utilities to abruptly discontinue service for customers unable to pay their water bills. Currently, he says, cell-phone companies face tighter restrictions in cutting off services than do water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Many of the poorest Californians are paying as much as a fifth of their incomes for water.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The water board reports that the state spends more than $2.5 billion per year to aid low-income residents with gas, electric and telecommunication services, but more than half the state’s residents have a water provider that doesn’t offer rate assistance for low-income customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd’s proposed law, Senate Bill 998, seeks to model California’s water deliveries more like electricity and phone services, where failure to pay bills may result in soft enforcement – first warnings, followed by opportunities to appeal and probably fines. Only as a last resort, he explains, do phone and electricity providers terminate service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dodd says that with water service, missing a due date on a payment can mean dry taps in just days. His proposed law would prohibit service cuts for at least 60 days if a customer fails to pay a bill. It would require advanced written warning that service might be discontinued and would prohibit cutting \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/01/its-raining-will-californians-still-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of water supplies\u003c/a> for the ill or elderly if a local health agency determines doing so would seriously threaten their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, which is currently pending in the Senate, would also provide clear instructions to help people in restoring discontinued service and would waive reconnection fees for low-income households.[contextly_sidebar id=”JFag6y5us97AkoNlVVjhBEN5KOKi8DgP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd says many of the poorest Californians are paying as much as a fifth of their incomes for water. In the East Bay Municipal Utility District alone, which provides drinking water for 1.4 million people, household water deliveries were interrupted for more than 8,000 residences in 2015 due to unpaid bills, according to a press release from his office. In July 2017, the utility’s board voted to increase rates 19 percent over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is served by more than 400 large public water agencies. Additionally, many people receive water from private wells or small water systems. This decentralized system makes providing water for all in an equitable way a difficult task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the state’s Right to Water law, “It’s great to have this right written on paper, but it’s more important to have that right realized,” says Dodd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/02/27/californians-are-struggling-to-pay-for-rising-water-rates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Water rates are rising in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/27/californias-water-system-built-for-a-climate-we-no-longer-have/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many California communities\u003c/a> faster than some residents can keep up. While the state works to come up with a plan to tackle affordability issues, one bill seeks to protect against water shutoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has been blessed with the distinction of being home to some of the richest and the poorest income-earning Americans, according to a 2015 report by the Social Science Research Council. This stark division of wealth between the extravagantly rich and the destitute is displayed vividly in how the state’s residents consume water. On the one hand, some estate owners have been publicly shamed for watering their lawns during extreme drought with thousands of gallons per day – sometimes five or 10 times the average household rate. While other Californians live in communities where there isn’t enough water or the water isn’t safe to drink.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just access to water that’s a problem, it’s\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/25/why-this-california-towns-water-costs-3-times-the-national-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> also the cost\u003c/a>. Many California residents, in both small towns and big cities, are struggling to keep up with the rising price of water. The State Water Resources Control Board has been tasked with coming up with a plan to tackle affordability, but it’s been slow going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max Gomberg, the State Water Resources Control Board’s climate and conservation manager, says the price of water has increased at six times the rate of inflation across the state. Gomberg’s agency is currently drafting a set of recommendations that will help the state legislature develop a financial assistance program for residents with soaring water rates. The water board, which already missed a February 1 deadline on the task, aims to submit the guidelines this year, though Gomberg says the legislature is not required to follow them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Costs of Climate Change \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water prices are rising in California for a variety of reasons. For one thing, much of the state is either a desert or is dominated by an arid Mediterranean climate, so \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/20/is-californias-water-system-really-broken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water is naturally scarce\u003c/a>. Because water must often be obtained from distant sources, large infrastructure projects are necessary – and much of this infrastructure is aging. Gomberg says many water agencies are catching up on deferred maintenance of pipes, pumps and wells and passing associated costs on to their customers. In some districts, water has become contaminated and must be treated – another cost that gets distributed through residential water bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Between 2010 and 2017 water rates in Los Angeles jumped 71 percent.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“But one of the big drivers is climate change,” Gomberg says. “Climate change is making hydrology more variable. We’re having longer droughts and warmer hot spells. Water districts that could once rely on rain and reliable groundwater reserves no longer can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the small San Joaquin Valley communities of Cantua Creek and El Porvenir, hundreds of residents are paying above-average rates for water that they cannot even safely drink. It’s a situation that Erica Fernandez Zamora, a policy advocate with the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, says violates the California Human Right to Water law of 2012, which states that, “every human being has the right to safe, clean, affordable and accessible water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantua Creek and El Porvenir both receive water from Fresno County via Westlands Water District, a wealthy agricultural region that obtains water from the federal Central Valley Project run by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The 2012–16 drought affected supplies, forcing Westlands to pay more. In turn, the 600 residents of Cantua Creek and El Porvenir were faced with rate increases, which the communities of mostly low-income farm workers didn’t believe they could pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates were $110 a month in El Porvenir and $72 a month in Cantua Creek for water that the state deemed unsafe. Facing water shutoffs, the state stepped in with emergency funds to reduce costs and provide bottled water, but the grants expire this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1008622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 371px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1008622\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"371\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water flows out of a pipe in California. \u003ccite>(John Chacon/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to find permanent solutions for these people,” Zamora says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the San Joaquin Valley isn’t the only area where water affordability is a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the water news agency Circle of Blue, between 2010 and 2017 water rates in Los Angeles jumped 71 percent. The biggest increase was for households of four that used 100 gallons per capita a day, which saw monthly water bills increase from $58.49 to $100.14. In San Francisco water rates increased 119–127 percent (depending on usage) during the same period. Bills increased from $86.31 to $195.86 a month for a household of four using 150 gallons per person a day. For those using only 50 gallons per person a day, rates jumped $30.63 to $67.07. Both cities have undertaken costly infrastructure upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in relatively affluent smaller communities, the cost of water has escalated, too. The wine country town of St. Helena in the Napa Valley, which is grappling with infrastructure upgrades, is one example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rates are now two-and-a-half times those in the city of Napa,” says Geoff Ellsworth, a member of the St. Helena City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State senator Bill Dodd, a Democrat from Napa, recently introduced legislation that would make it more difficult for utilities to abruptly discontinue service for customers unable to pay their water bills. Currently, he says, cell-phone companies face tighter restrictions in cutting off services than do water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Many of the poorest Californians are paying as much as a fifth of their incomes for water.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The water board reports that the state spends more than $2.5 billion per year to aid low-income residents with gas, electric and telecommunication services, but more than half the state’s residents have a water provider that doesn’t offer rate assistance for low-income customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd’s proposed law, Senate Bill 998, seeks to model California’s water deliveries more like electricity and phone services, where failure to pay bills may result in soft enforcement – first warnings, followed by opportunities to appeal and probably fines. Only as a last resort, he explains, do phone and electricity providers terminate service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dodd says that with water service, missing a due date on a payment can mean dry taps in just days. His proposed law would prohibit service cuts for at least 60 days if a customer fails to pay a bill. It would require advanced written warning that service might be discontinued and would prohibit cutting \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/01/its-raining-will-californians-still-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of water supplies\u003c/a> for the ill or elderly if a local health agency determines doing so would seriously threaten their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, which is currently pending in the Senate, would also provide clear instructions to help people in restoring discontinued service and would waive reconnection fees for low-income households.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd says many of the poorest Californians are paying as much as a fifth of their incomes for water. In the East Bay Municipal Utility District alone, which provides drinking water for 1.4 million people, household water deliveries were interrupted for more than 8,000 residences in 2015 due to unpaid bills, according to a press release from his office. In July 2017, the utility’s board voted to increase rates 19 percent over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is served by more than 400 large public water agencies. Additionally, many people receive water from private wells or small water systems. This decentralized system makes providing water for all in an equitable way a difficult task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the state’s Right to Water law, “It’s great to have this right written on paper, but it’s more important to have that right realized,” says Dodd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/02/27/californians-are-struggling-to-pay-for-rising-water-rates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Study: Climate Change Threatens Major Crops in California",
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"content": "\u003cp>California currently provides two-thirds of the country’s fruits and nuts, but according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/3/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> published \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">Tuesday\u003c/span>\u003c/span>, by the end of the century California’s climate will no longer be able to support the state’s major crops, including orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, published in\u003ca href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/aj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “Agronomy,”\u003c/a> warns that the increased rate and scale of climate change is “beyond the realm of experience” for the agricultural community, and unless farmers take urgent measures, the consequences could threaten national food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For California, as an agricultural leader for various commodities, impacts on agricultural production due to climate change would not only translate into national food security issues but also economic impacts that could disrupt state and national commodity systems,” the report warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, led by researchers from the University of California, \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Merced\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://lawr.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davis\u003c/a> campuses, looked at past and current trends in California’s climate and examined what impact\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> record low levels of snowpack\u003c/a>, and extreme events such as drought will have on crop yields over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientist and author Peter Gleick called it the most important report he’s seen on the impact of climate change on California agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">This may be the most important article on this subject I’ve ever seen. And I’ve seen them all. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Climate\u003c/a> and California agriculture. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/9ZV4txgON4\">https://t.co/9ZV4txgON4\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Peter Gleick (@PeterGleick) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PeterGleick/status/968378900488376320?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>California produces more than a third of the nation’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts. Irrigated crops account for nearly 90 percent of the harvested crops in the state. The total value of the state’s fruits and nuts in 2015 was $18.1 billion, nearly 67 percent of the country’s total value, according to a report issued by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/2016Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Food and Agriculure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same report notes that California produces between 80 and 95 percent of country’s apricots, grapes, lemons, mandarins, nectarines, plums, and strawberries. It also supplies more than half of the country’s avocados and raspberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Unless farmers take urgent measures, the consequences could threaten national food security.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Historically low precipitation rates and diminishing snowpack levels could severely disrupt those industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a>, a primary source of the state’s water supply, could see a 65 percent loss by the end of the century because of warmer temperatures, according to the report.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=”zJpOOClu2URQFYBoi5xIZqlCt9alxPwS”]Global crop production will also have to double by 2050 to meet the demand of the world’s growing population, according to an estimate from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/press/en/2009/gaef3242.doc.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations\u003c/a>. But climate change could threaten eight out of the 20 major crops grown in California — almonds, wine grapes, table grapes, strawberries, hay, walnuts, freestone peaches, and cherries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the report say they hope their findings will provide researchers and policymakers guidance on how to prepare for upcoming weather changes.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California currently provides two-thirds of the country’s fruits and nuts, but according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/3/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> published \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">Tuesday\u003c/span>\u003c/span>, by the end of the century California’s climate will no longer be able to support the state’s major crops, including orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, published in\u003ca href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/aj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “Agronomy,”\u003c/a> warns that the increased rate and scale of climate change is “beyond the realm of experience” for the agricultural community, and unless farmers take urgent measures, the consequences could threaten national food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For California, as an agricultural leader for various commodities, impacts on agricultural production due to climate change would not only translate into national food security issues but also economic impacts that could disrupt state and national commodity systems,” the report warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, led by researchers from the University of California, \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Merced\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://lawr.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davis\u003c/a> campuses, looked at past and current trends in California’s climate and examined what impact\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> record low levels of snowpack\u003c/a>, and extreme events such as drought will have on crop yields over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientist and author Peter Gleick called it the most important report he’s seen on the impact of climate change on California agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">This may be the most important article on this subject I’ve ever seen. And I’ve seen them all. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Climate\u003c/a> and California agriculture. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/9ZV4txgON4\">https://t.co/9ZV4txgON4\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Peter Gleick (@PeterGleick) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PeterGleick/status/968378900488376320?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>California produces more than a third of the nation’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts. Irrigated crops account for nearly 90 percent of the harvested crops in the state. The total value of the state’s fruits and nuts in 2015 was $18.1 billion, nearly 67 percent of the country’s total value, according to a report issued by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/2016Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Food and Agriculure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same report notes that California produces between 80 and 95 percent of country’s apricots, grapes, lemons, mandarins, nectarines, plums, and strawberries. It also supplies more than half of the country’s avocados and raspberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Unless farmers take urgent measures, the consequences could threaten national food security.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Historically low precipitation rates and diminishing snowpack levels could severely disrupt those industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a>, a primary source of the state’s water supply, could see a 65 percent loss by the end of the century because of warmer temperatures, according to the report.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Global crop production will also have to double by 2050 to meet the demand of the world’s growing population, according to an estimate from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/press/en/2009/gaef3242.doc.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations\u003c/a>. But climate change could threaten eight out of the 20 major crops grown in California — almonds, wine grapes, table grapes, strawberries, hay, walnuts, freestone peaches, and cherries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the report say they hope their findings will provide researchers and policymakers guidance on how to prepare for upcoming weather changes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Will California's Water Wars Create A Constitutional Conundrum?",
"headTitle": "Will California’s Water Wars Create A Constitutional Conundrum? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>With nearly half the state \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/22/californias-recurring-nightmare-nearly-half-the-state-is-back-in-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">back in drought\u003c/a>, California’s water regulator held a contentious hearing in Sacramento on Tuesday on whether to make permanent the temporary water bans enacted by Governor Jerry Brown during the 2014-2017 drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board announced it will revisit the proposed measures in March while it makes some minor revisions to the draft proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the proposed measures \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/09/06/drought-rules-lone-gone-yet-california-keeps-saving-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relate to restrictions\u003c/a> against over watering lawns; hosing down driveways and sidewalks; washing vehicles with hoses not equipped with a shut-off nozzle; and running non-recirculated water in an ornamental fountain. Certain exceptions would apply for public health and safety reasons or commercial agricultural purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Lost in these debates is the understanding that water is a different kind of property right.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Water Resources Control Board, which wants to make these rules permanent, holds that even though the measures were passed in a time of emergency they should be understood as part of a broader effort to make conservation a way of life in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought-prone state.\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920251\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 343px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1920251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-800x547.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"343\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-768x526.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-1920x1314.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-1180x808.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-375x257.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker uses a hose to wash the sidewalk in front of a residential hotel on July 15, 2014 in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water Board Chairwoman Felicia Marcus said that climate change is causing more frequent and longer droughts in California. She pointed to the Sierra Nevada snowpack, which remains at levels well below the average. The Sierra snowpack, a source of about a third of the state’s water supply, is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">currently at 22 percent\u003c/a> of the long term average for early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is why making conservation in California a way of life is so important,” said Marcus. “The Sierra water content shows we are worse off than we were three years ago, at the peak of the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Only “Reasonable” Use\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut the proposed rules, which would carry fines of up to $500 per violation, faced strong push back from some water agencies who accuse the regulatory board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/11/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of a power grab.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue, opponents say, is constitutional. The California Constitution contains a provision that prohibits the “waste or unreasonable use” of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The board appears intent on expanding and exceeding its jurisdictional authority.’\u003ccite>Jeff Stephenson, San Diego Water Authority\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Water administrators fear that the board is going to rely on the constitutional provision to erode the water rights belonging to California landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Erratic individuals can occupy great positions of power in government, and you had better believe they will occupy your chair someday,” said Jackson Minasian, an attorney for Stanford Vina Ranch Irrigation Co. “Their view of what is ‘waste and unreasonable use’ will be radically different than yours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Stephenson, of the San Diego County Water Authority, said the proposal marks an unauthorized expansion of the water board’s authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board appears intent on expanding and exceeding its jurisdictional authority on this matter and several others,” said Stephenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board pushed back however, arguing that it was operating within its statutory authority to prevent\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/01/12/the-water-in-your-jeans-how-two-consumer-products-giants-are-cutting-back-on-water-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> wasteful water\u003c/a> uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel confident that the board is acting squarely within its authority,” said David Rose, Water Board staff counsel. “We made sure specific uses were being addressed and that they would not impact water rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1259645\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 475px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1259645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi.jpg 534w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi-240x162.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi-375x253.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi-520x351.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sprinklers water the lawn in Golden Gate Park on April 2, 2015 in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rose added that water banned for use in one area, could always be put to another use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prohibiting these specific discreet, wasteful and unreasonable water uses would allow suppliers, water users and water rights holders to use any amount of water that they couldn’t use . . . on a reasonable and beneficial use,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Water: Private or Public Right?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nRichard M. Frank, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucdavis.edu/faculty/frank/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Environmental Law & Policy Center\u003c/a> at UC Davis, says that lost in these debates is the understanding that water is a different kind of property right, compared to for example owning a car or home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a limited property right, which is something that is lost on a lot of people in the ongoing California debate on water. The courts have long held that water is owned by the public, and that is also embedded in California statutes. “[contextly_sidebar id=”YZxhkODn2tSAEK3h8N7xJTANCBGykjBn”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private parties who seek to appropriate water have since 1914 had to first obtain a license from the state to use water and that license is subject to restrictions, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important of these restrictions is the constitutional provision stating that all water use must be ‘reasonable,'” Frank said. “And the state can limit, ban, and penalize unreasonable uses of water. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23419\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 349px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/iStock_000022187403_Medium.jpg\" alt=\"Water officials say people often forget to turn off lawn sprinklers when it starts raining. (iStock/Getty Images)\" width=\"349\" height=\"209\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water officials say people often forget to turn off lawn sprinklers when it starts raining. (iStock/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heather Welles, an attorney who works on water rights at the law firm \u003ca href=\"https://www.omm.com/professionals/heather-welles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O’Melveny in Los Angeles\u003c/a>,\u003cb>\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/b>says the courts have been pretty deferential to the board’s authority to identify specific practices as wasteful or unreasonable. And in this case, the board has provided safeguards within the proposed regulations to allow water users to protest a citation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a general matter, if the board is going to take action that limits specific water rights, it would have to engage in a process that would give water rights holders the ability to dispute the grounds\u003cstrong>,” \u003c/strong>said Welles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>Here, the proposed regulations incorporate a process by which if the board is actually issuing a notice or penalty, then the water user may request a hearing before the board and, of course, seek judicial review.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank noted that if Governor Brown declares another drought emergency, the move will only strengthen the board’s hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board will have broader legal authority than it has now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the state plunges back into drought, just months after emerging from the last one, permanent water restrictions in California may be\u003cb> \u003c/b>imminent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not in an emergency right now, but shame on us if we just\u003cbr>\nbury our heads in the sand,” Marcus, Water Board Chairwoman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/8020998-181/california-weighs-bringing-back-drought-era\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> the \u003cem>Santa Rosa Press Democrat.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal observers expect a protracted battle ahead.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With nearly half the state \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/22/californias-recurring-nightmare-nearly-half-the-state-is-back-in-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">back in drought\u003c/a>, California’s water regulator held a contentious hearing in Sacramento on Tuesday on whether to make permanent the temporary water bans enacted by Governor Jerry Brown during the 2014-2017 drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board announced it will revisit the proposed measures in March while it makes some minor revisions to the draft proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the proposed measures \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/09/06/drought-rules-lone-gone-yet-california-keeps-saving-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relate to restrictions\u003c/a> against over watering lawns; hosing down driveways and sidewalks; washing vehicles with hoses not equipped with a shut-off nozzle; and running non-recirculated water in an ornamental fountain. Certain exceptions would apply for public health and safety reasons or commercial agricultural purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Lost in these debates is the understanding that water is a different kind of property right.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Water Resources Control Board, which wants to make these rules permanent, holds that even though the measures were passed in a time of emergency they should be understood as part of a broader effort to make conservation a way of life in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought-prone state.\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920251\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 343px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1920251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-800x547.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"343\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-768x526.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-1920x1314.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-1180x808.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-375x257.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-452187706-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker uses a hose to wash the sidewalk in front of a residential hotel on July 15, 2014 in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water Board Chairwoman Felicia Marcus said that climate change is causing more frequent and longer droughts in California. She pointed to the Sierra Nevada snowpack, which remains at levels well below the average. The Sierra snowpack, a source of about a third of the state’s water supply, is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">currently at 22 percent\u003c/a> of the long term average for early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is why making conservation in California a way of life is so important,” said Marcus. “The Sierra water content shows we are worse off than we were three years ago, at the peak of the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Only “Reasonable” Use\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut the proposed rules, which would carry fines of up to $500 per violation, faced strong push back from some water agencies who accuse the regulatory board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/11/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of a power grab.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue, opponents say, is constitutional. The California Constitution contains a provision that prohibits the “waste or unreasonable use” of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The board appears intent on expanding and exceeding its jurisdictional authority.’\u003ccite>Jeff Stephenson, San Diego Water Authority\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Water administrators fear that the board is going to rely on the constitutional provision to erode the water rights belonging to California landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Erratic individuals can occupy great positions of power in government, and you had better believe they will occupy your chair someday,” said Jackson Minasian, an attorney for Stanford Vina Ranch Irrigation Co. “Their view of what is ‘waste and unreasonable use’ will be radically different than yours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Stephenson, of the San Diego County Water Authority, said the proposal marks an unauthorized expansion of the water board’s authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board appears intent on expanding and exceeding its jurisdictional authority on this matter and several others,” said Stephenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board pushed back however, arguing that it was operating within its statutory authority to prevent\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/01/12/the-water-in-your-jeans-how-two-consumer-products-giants-are-cutting-back-on-water-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> wasteful water\u003c/a> uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel confident that the board is acting squarely within its authority,” said David Rose, Water Board staff counsel. “We made sure specific uses were being addressed and that they would not impact water rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1259645\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 475px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1259645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi.jpg 534w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi-240x162.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi-375x253.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/RS14773_468383616-sfi-520x351.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sprinklers water the lawn in Golden Gate Park on April 2, 2015 in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rose added that water banned for use in one area, could always be put to another use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prohibiting these specific discreet, wasteful and unreasonable water uses would allow suppliers, water users and water rights holders to use any amount of water that they couldn’t use . . . on a reasonable and beneficial use,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Water: Private or Public Right?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nRichard M. Frank, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucdavis.edu/faculty/frank/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Environmental Law & Policy Center\u003c/a> at UC Davis, says that lost in these debates is the understanding that water is a different kind of property right, compared to for example owning a car or home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a limited property right, which is something that is lost on a lot of people in the ongoing California debate on water. The courts have long held that water is owned by the public, and that is also embedded in California statutes. “\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private parties who seek to appropriate water have since 1914 had to first obtain a license from the state to use water and that license is subject to restrictions, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important of these restrictions is the constitutional provision stating that all water use must be ‘reasonable,'” Frank said. “And the state can limit, ban, and penalize unreasonable uses of water. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23419\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 349px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/iStock_000022187403_Medium.jpg\" alt=\"Water officials say people often forget to turn off lawn sprinklers when it starts raining. (iStock/Getty Images)\" width=\"349\" height=\"209\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water officials say people often forget to turn off lawn sprinklers when it starts raining. (iStock/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heather Welles, an attorney who works on water rights at the law firm \u003ca href=\"https://www.omm.com/professionals/heather-welles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O’Melveny in Los Angeles\u003c/a>,\u003cb>\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/b>says the courts have been pretty deferential to the board’s authority to identify specific practices as wasteful or unreasonable. And in this case, the board has provided safeguards within the proposed regulations to allow water users to protest a citation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a general matter, if the board is going to take action that limits specific water rights, it would have to engage in a process that would give water rights holders the ability to dispute the grounds\u003cstrong>,” \u003c/strong>said Welles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>Here, the proposed regulations incorporate a process by which if the board is actually issuing a notice or penalty, then the water user may request a hearing before the board and, of course, seek judicial review.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank noted that if Governor Brown declares another drought emergency, the move will only strengthen the board’s hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board will have broader legal authority than it has now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the state plunges back into drought, just months after emerging from the last one, permanent water restrictions in California may be\u003cb> \u003c/b>imminent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not in an emergency right now, but shame on us if we just\u003cbr>\nbury our heads in the sand,” Marcus, Water Board Chairwoman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/8020998-181/california-weighs-bringing-back-drought-era\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> the \u003cem>Santa Rosa Press Democrat.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A second federal judge has rejected the Trump administration’s efforts to delay an Obama-era regulation aimed at restricting harmful methane emissions from oil and gas production on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge William Orrick of the Northern District of California ordered the Interior Department to reinstate the regulation, which the Trump administration has repeatedly moved to delay or suspend.[contextly_sidebar id=”dwApIDW24HepgpoPhXfZWB9j8oHAyEk9″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrick said Interior’s delay was “untethered to evidence” and likely to cause “irreparable injury” to California, New Mexico and other states in the form of increased air pollution and negative impacts on public health and the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling marks the second time a federal judge has rebuffed the Trump administration for failing to enforce the methane rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Magistrate Judge Elizabeth Laporte ordered the Obama rule reinstated in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A second federal judge has rejected the Trump administration’s efforts to delay an Obama-era regulation aimed at restricting harmful methane emissions from oil and gas production on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge William Orrick of the Northern District of California ordered the Interior Department to reinstate the regulation, which the Trump administration has repeatedly moved to delay or suspend.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrick said Interior’s delay was “untethered to evidence” and likely to cause “irreparable injury” to California, New Mexico and other states in the form of increased air pollution and negative impacts on public health and the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling marks the second time a federal judge has rebuffed the Trump administration for failing to enforce the methane rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Magistrate Judge Elizabeth Laporte ordered the Obama rule reinstated in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California's Recurring Nightmare: Nearly Half the State is Back in Drought",
"headTitle": "California’s Recurring Nightmare: Nearly Half the State is Back in Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>After an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/24/watch-how-fast-a-five-year-drought-can-disappear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">all-too-brief reprieve\u003c/a>, the Golden State is once again starting to brown up — at least on government drought maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Drought Monitor now has nearly \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">48 percent of the state\u003c/a> categorized as being in at least “moderate drought.” More than 91 percent of the state is listed as at least “abnormally dry,” the precursor stage to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1056px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1920167 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text.jpg\" alt=\"US Drought Monitor map\" width=\"1056\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text.jpg 1056w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-768x593.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-960x742.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-240x185.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-375x290.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-520x402.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1056px) 100vw, 1056px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click image to enlarge. \u003ccite>(Nat'l Drought Mitigation Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The term “drought,” is of course, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/10/color-me-dry-drought-maps-blend-art-and-science-but-no-politics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">highly subjective\u003c/a> and has different meanings to different people. But the gradually returning shades of yellow and brown to the widely cited map are unnerving to many, with the state’s most punishing drought on record so fresh in California’s collective memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 543px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219.png\" alt=\"CNAP Probablities Map\" width=\"543\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219.png 543w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-375x376.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-520x521.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By mid-February, a normal precipitation year was almost out of reach. \u003ccite>(Western Regional Climate Ctr.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The stage is certainly being set for some sort of drought. This week as the State Water Resources Control Board considered permanent statewide restrictions on a list of wasteful water uses, members were told that, measured by a key collection of gauges in the northern Sierra Nevada, the December-through-February period has been California’s third driest on record (exceeded only by 1977 and 1991, when a “March Miracle” saved the wet season). In the central Sierra, this December through February was measured as the driest on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three months typically provide the state with half of its total annual precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, forecasters at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration project dry conditions to “develop or persist” in California over the next three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920159\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 781px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920159\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802.png\" alt=\"NOAA 3-mo. Drought Outlook map\" width=\"781\" height=\"551\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802.png 781w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-160x113.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-768x542.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-240x169.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-375x265.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-520x367.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA’s three-month outlook does not bode well for California precipitation. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The weekly Drought Monitor \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/10/color-me-dry-drought-maps-blend-art-and-science-but-no-politics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maps are compiled\u003c/a> by a rotating stable of authors, in consultation with various government agencies, and they take into account more than 100 indicators. And while some have argued that they are given too much weight, John Leahigh, head of operations for California’s State Water Project, told the water board that an “ugly picture” is beginning to form of the state’s current water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the notable exception of Lake Oroville, which engineers have kept at cautiously low levels \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/23/rebuilding-oroville-spillway-with-the-rainy-season-just-around-the-corner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after last year’s near spillway disaster\u003c/a>, major reservoirs remain flush from last year’s precipitation. But Leahigh told regulators that expectations are “dramatically decreasing” for runoff from the state’s key watersheds to replenish water supplies this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/24/watch-how-fast-a-five-year-drought-can-disappear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">all-too-brief reprieve\u003c/a>, the Golden State is once again starting to brown up — at least on government drought maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Drought Monitor now has nearly \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">48 percent of the state\u003c/a> categorized as being in at least “moderate drought.” More than 91 percent of the state is listed as at least “abnormally dry,” the precursor stage to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1056px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1920167 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text.jpg\" alt=\"US Drought Monitor map\" width=\"1056\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text.jpg 1056w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-768x593.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-960x742.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-240x185.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-375x290.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/usdm_20180220_CA_text-520x402.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1056px) 100vw, 1056px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click image to enlarge. \u003ccite>(Nat'l Drought Mitigation Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The term “drought,” is of course, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/10/color-me-dry-drought-maps-blend-art-and-science-but-no-politics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">highly subjective\u003c/a> and has different meanings to different people. But the gradually returning shades of yellow and brown to the widely cited map are unnerving to many, with the state’s most punishing drought on record so fresh in California’s collective memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 543px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219.png\" alt=\"CNAP Probablities Map\" width=\"543\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219.png 543w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-375x376.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-520x521.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/PrecipOdds_180219-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By mid-February, a normal precipitation year was almost out of reach. \u003ccite>(Western Regional Climate Ctr.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The stage is certainly being set for some sort of drought. This week as the State Water Resources Control Board considered permanent statewide restrictions on a list of wasteful water uses, members were told that, measured by a key collection of gauges in the northern Sierra Nevada, the December-through-February period has been California’s third driest on record (exceeded only by 1977 and 1991, when a “March Miracle” saved the wet season). In the central Sierra, this December through February was measured as the driest on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three months typically provide the state with half of its total annual precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, forecasters at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration project dry conditions to “develop or persist” in California over the next three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920159\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 781px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920159\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802.png\" alt=\"NOAA 3-mo. Drought Outlook map\" width=\"781\" height=\"551\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802.png 781w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-160x113.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-768x542.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-240x169.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-375x265.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/DroughtOutlook_1802-520x367.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA’s three-month outlook does not bode well for California precipitation. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The weekly Drought Monitor \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/10/color-me-dry-drought-maps-blend-art-and-science-but-no-politics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maps are compiled\u003c/a> by a rotating stable of authors, in consultation with various government agencies, and they take into account more than 100 indicators. And while some have argued that they are given too much weight, John Leahigh, head of operations for California’s State Water Project, told the water board that an “ugly picture” is beginning to form of the state’s current water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the notable exception of Lake Oroville, which engineers have kept at cautiously low levels \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/23/rebuilding-oroville-spillway-with-the-rainy-season-just-around-the-corner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after last year’s near spillway disaster\u003c/a>, major reservoirs remain flush from last year’s precipitation. But Leahigh told regulators that expectations are “dramatically decreasing” for runoff from the state’s key watersheds to replenish water supplies this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Before-and-After Photos of Sierra Show Snow Levels Worse Than During Drought",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s “frozen reservoir” is already melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With California locked in the embrace of unseasonably dry weather and high temperatures, water content of the Sierra snowpack is currently 22 percent of the long-term average for early February. That’s \u003cem>less\u003c/em> than it was on this date in 2015, in the most dismal depths of California’s five-year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these three graphic sliders of satellite images from Yosemite, Tahoe, and Mammoth Lakes, you can see the dramatic difference in the snowpack — a key source of water for the state — from just a year ago. The contrast is especially sharp versus this time last year, when record January snows had engorged the snowpack to 177 percent of “normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\" width: 100%; position: relative; padding-top: 75.25%;\">\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f8ff776c-1281-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Experts say it’s too soon for hand-wringing over another drought; the state’s major reservoirs are still full, thanks to last winter’s relentless rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water that you have in storage is coming off a good year,” says meteorologist Jan Null. “That mitigates the fact that we’ve had an arguably abysmal precipitation year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not in a position where we were a couple of years ago, with widespread shortages,” he adds, though Null concedes that water supply can vary dramatically from place to place, depending on local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\" width: 100%; position: relative; padding-top: 75.25%;\">\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=4e45b1c8-1282-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“Certain areas may only get what they store locally,” Null says. “The manager of a water district that doesn’t have multiple water sources, for example, might be looking at possible actions this summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Null says the diminished snowpack should be a wakeup call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\" width: 100%; position: relative; padding-top: 75.25%;\">\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=fdaaeb6a-1282-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most areas will not be in dire shape,” he says. “But I would not be surprised to see stepped-up conservation efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s “frozen reservoir” is already melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With California locked in the embrace of unseasonably dry weather and high temperatures, water content of the Sierra snowpack is currently 22 percent of the long-term average for early February. That’s \u003cem>less\u003c/em> than it was on this date in 2015, in the most dismal depths of California’s five-year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these three graphic sliders of satellite images from Yosemite, Tahoe, and Mammoth Lakes, you can see the dramatic difference in the snowpack — a key source of water for the state — from just a year ago. The contrast is especially sharp versus this time last year, when record January snows had engorged the snowpack to 177 percent of “normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\" width: 100%; position: relative; padding-top: 75.25%;\">\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f8ff776c-1281-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Experts say it’s too soon for hand-wringing over another drought; the state’s major reservoirs are still full, thanks to last winter’s relentless rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water that you have in storage is coming off a good year,” says meteorologist Jan Null. “That mitigates the fact that we’ve had an arguably abysmal precipitation year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not in a position where we were a couple of years ago, with widespread shortages,” he adds, though Null concedes that water supply can vary dramatically from place to place, depending on local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\" width: 100%; position: relative; padding-top: 75.25%;\">\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=4e45b1c8-1282-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“Certain areas may only get what they store locally,” Null says. “The manager of a water district that doesn’t have multiple water sources, for example, might be looking at possible actions this summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Null says the diminished snowpack should be a wakeup call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\" width: 100%; position: relative; padding-top: 75.25%;\">\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=fdaaeb6a-1282-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most areas will not be in dire shape,” he says. “But I would not be surprised to see stepped-up conservation efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Thor Tosses a Hammer Into the Electric Truck Derby",
"headTitle": "Thor Tosses a Hammer Into the Electric Truck Derby | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s ambitious goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions are revving up the market for electric vehicles. And it’s not just cars anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a parking lot adjacent to — appropriately enough — Golden Gate Fields racetrack in Albany, an upstart company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.thortrucks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thor Trucks\u003c/a> had its \u003ca href=\"http://www.thortrucks.com/et-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prototype tractor-trailer rig\u003c/a> doing laps for selected onlookers on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy freight is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving California’s greenhouse gas reductions for 2030 and 2050 (40 and 80 percent below 1990 levels, respectively). The biggest share of California’s climate emissions comes from transportation and as of 2015, heavy-duty vehicles (that would include buses) accounted for 7.4 percent of total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to start with heavy-duty vehicles for that exact reason,” says Giordano Sordoni, Thor’s chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look at these vehicles and the weight that they move and the jobs that they do and think, you know, electric vehicles might not be capable of that,” reflects Sordoni. “And we’re proving that in fact, they are. They’re really powerful solutions that can provide the torque and performance, and even beat that of a traditional vehicle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bystanders, perhaps the most impressive thing about Thor’s ET-One demonstration rig is where it registers on the decibel meter; all you hear from under the hood of this full-size Class-8 tractor is an air compressor for the brakes. Underway, the rattling of the 51-foot trailer is louder than the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni says the biggest engineering challenges were finding the right battery array and developing the software that runs it all. With a range of 100-to-300 miles, the ET-One not quite ready for the long-haul. It’ll be aimed at local and regional duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might be a good fit for places like the Port of Oakland, which has been under pressure to reduce diesel exhaust from big rigs that are constantly roaming in and out hauling containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think now is a good time because battery costs have come down,” says Catherine Mukai, an environmental planner for the port, who attended the Thor demo for a test ride. “We’re seeing a lot more competition for Class-8 trucks in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the demo, Thor executives offered to set up a demo day for port truckers. Sordoni wouldn’t say how many pre-orders Thor has for its promised production models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing well,” is all he’d allow. He’s seeking partnerships with other truck makers but it’s unclear what form those arrangements would take. While he asserted that, “We plan to build, badge and sell our own vehicles,” he added that, “While other startups in this space are eager to dive in and spend a billion dollars on a manufacturing facility and hope everything goes well, we want to take a more reasonable — maybe — approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thor is an upstart in the market, but its founders claim they’ll be ready to roll before \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/12/28/orders-pile-up-for-tesla-semi-that-doesnt-yet-exist-as-rival-electric-trucks-get-rolling/#1b0f3e554a0a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tesla’s much-anticipated Semi\u003c/a>, which is expected sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-13/this-electric-truck-will-probably-beat-tesla-s-to-market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-founder Dakota Semler\u003c/a> are betting that fleet operators will quickly see the advantages of electrics over conventional diesel rigs, seeing savings in fuel, maintenance and compliance with California’s ever-tightening air quality regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are also maintenance savings,” he says, “when you go from an internal combustion engine that has 2,000 moving parts to an electric vehicle, which has 20.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are advantages for the drivers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the wheel was 42-year trucker Tom John, who is Thor’s regular demo driver. I had to ask him if he wouldn’t miss the macho roar of his own 600-hp Peterbilt rig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I would,” he sighed. “But you know what? I’m 80 percent deaf in this ear,” he said, pointing to his left ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could relate. When the local recycling truck roared past my window at 5:57 on Monday morning, I was more than ready for the electric age.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s ambitious goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions are revving up the market for electric vehicles. And it’s not just cars anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a parking lot adjacent to — appropriately enough — Golden Gate Fields racetrack in Albany, an upstart company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.thortrucks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thor Trucks\u003c/a> had its \u003ca href=\"http://www.thortrucks.com/et-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prototype tractor-trailer rig\u003c/a> doing laps for selected onlookers on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy freight is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving California’s greenhouse gas reductions for 2030 and 2050 (40 and 80 percent below 1990 levels, respectively). The biggest share of California’s climate emissions comes from transportation and as of 2015, heavy-duty vehicles (that would include buses) accounted for 7.4 percent of total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to start with heavy-duty vehicles for that exact reason,” says Giordano Sordoni, Thor’s chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look at these vehicles and the weight that they move and the jobs that they do and think, you know, electric vehicles might not be capable of that,” reflects Sordoni. “And we’re proving that in fact, they are. They’re really powerful solutions that can provide the torque and performance, and even beat that of a traditional vehicle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bystanders, perhaps the most impressive thing about Thor’s ET-One demonstration rig is where it registers on the decibel meter; all you hear from under the hood of this full-size Class-8 tractor is an air compressor for the brakes. Underway, the rattling of the 51-foot trailer is louder than the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni says the biggest engineering challenges were finding the right battery array and developing the software that runs it all. With a range of 100-to-300 miles, the ET-One not quite ready for the long-haul. It’ll be aimed at local and regional duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might be a good fit for places like the Port of Oakland, which has been under pressure to reduce diesel exhaust from big rigs that are constantly roaming in and out hauling containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think now is a good time because battery costs have come down,” says Catherine Mukai, an environmental planner for the port, who attended the Thor demo for a test ride. “We’re seeing a lot more competition for Class-8 trucks in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the demo, Thor executives offered to set up a demo day for port truckers. Sordoni wouldn’t say how many pre-orders Thor has for its promised production models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing well,” is all he’d allow. He’s seeking partnerships with other truck makers but it’s unclear what form those arrangements would take. While he asserted that, “We plan to build, badge and sell our own vehicles,” he added that, “While other startups in this space are eager to dive in and spend a billion dollars on a manufacturing facility and hope everything goes well, we want to take a more reasonable — maybe — approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thor is an upstart in the market, but its founders claim they’ll be ready to roll before \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/12/28/orders-pile-up-for-tesla-semi-that-doesnt-yet-exist-as-rival-electric-trucks-get-rolling/#1b0f3e554a0a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tesla’s much-anticipated Semi\u003c/a>, which is expected sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-13/this-electric-truck-will-probably-beat-tesla-s-to-market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-founder Dakota Semler\u003c/a> are betting that fleet operators will quickly see the advantages of electrics over conventional diesel rigs, seeing savings in fuel, maintenance and compliance with California’s ever-tightening air quality regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are also maintenance savings,” he says, “when you go from an internal combustion engine that has 2,000 moving parts to an electric vehicle, which has 20.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are advantages for the drivers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the wheel was 42-year trucker Tom John, who is Thor’s regular demo driver. I had to ask him if he wouldn’t miss the macho roar of his own 600-hp Peterbilt rig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I would,” he sighed. “But you know what? I’m 80 percent deaf in this ear,” he said, pointing to his left ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could relate. When the local recycling truck roared past my window at 5:57 on Monday morning, I was more than ready for the electric age.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Forgotten Renewable: Geothermal Energy Production Heats Up In The Mojave",
"headTitle": "The Forgotten Renewable: Geothermal Energy Production Heats Up In The Mojave | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Three and a half hours east of Los Angeles lies the Salton Sea, a manmade oasis in the heart of the Mojave Desert. It was created in 1905, when a canal broke and the Colorado River flooded the desert for more than a year. The Sea became a \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/02/04/the_salton_sea_in_california_turned_from_a_relaxing_resort_to_an_apocalyptic.html\">tourist hotspot in the 1950’s\u003c/a>, perfect for swimming, boating, and kayaking. But now, people are coming here looking for something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Turner is the chief operating officer of Controlled Thermal Resources, an energy company from Australia. On a hill overlooking the Salton Sea, he points out a patch of land that will someday house his company’s first power plant, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.cthermal.com/\">Hell’s Kitchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States,” he explains.[contextly_sidebar id=”PW8jPSzwpOdgDlIjMhDbfqBBqq0Q0O6c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal energy uses the earth’s natural heat to create electricity. While there are several different ways to accomplish this, the most common is to take super-heated water from geothermal hot spots and pipe it to the surface. It then turns into steam and spins a turbine, which generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s completely renewable, and generates clean energy around the clock, unlike wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think of renewable energy as a house, solar is the roof and the wind is the walls,” says Jason Czapla, principal engineer for Controlled Thermal Resources. “But geothermal’s the foundation, and what California did is it built the walls and the roof, but on wild, windy days it blows too much rain on the roof [and] that house falls down. Well, the Salton Sea is this opportunity for California to fix that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to develop 1,000 megawatts of electricity here over the next decade. They say that could power about 800,000 homes. And for a state that’s aiming to get \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-climate-change-renewable-energy-20151007-story.html\">half its electricity from renewable sources\u003c/a>, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our development coincides with the state’s target, 2030 being the ultimate goal getting to 50 percent,” says Czapla. “And our goal is to build up that 1,000 megawatts and help them increase the renewable energy portfolio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Williams, a geothermal expert at the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082/\">published a report in 2008\u003c/a> in which he explained that there are \u003ca href=\"https://maps.nrel.gov/geothermal-prospector/?aL=AyQ4yd%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bd%255D%3D1&bL=clight&cE=0&lR=0&mC=48.37084770238366%2C-84.19921875&zL=4\">untapped geothermal reservoirs\u003c/a> throughout the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also elaborated on a developing technology that could drastically increase the amount of power the Earth can provide, called enhanced geothermal systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States.” \u003ccite>Jim Turner, Controlled Thermal Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In order for a reservoir to be able to provide geothermal energy, it has to have three things: heat, water, and permeability. In other words: hot, wet rock, with enough fractures in it to allow water to pass through. Enhanced geothermal systems is the process of taking areas with only one or two of those conditions – hot, dry rock with very little fractures, for example – and altering it to satisfy all three conditions. That could mean cracking underground rock to allow more water to pass through, or inserting water into the rockbed to be heated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says scientists and engineers are still working on the technology for enhanced geothermal systems, but if they are able to make it a reality, that could potentially open up thousands of megawatts of energy potential from new reservoirs. And that could someday take from the country’s current 3,000 megawatts of geothermal energy production to almost 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put that into perspective,” Williams says,” the entire electric power generating capacity in the United States is about a million megawatts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s that much clean energy just waiting in the ground, what’s taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allyson Anderson Book directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americangeosciences.org/\">American Geosciences Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit network of geoscientists around the country. She says that geothermal energy has been historically overlooked as a renewable energy source, to the point that it is sometimes referred to as the “forgotten renewable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gaizwni8JqAsSnhH7rjG8xLqvnEkJahy”]Book says there are social and technical challenges that have kept geothermal from becoming a major player in the energy field. The technology is complex, and plants are expensive to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of different factors that play in,” Book says. “And so the Department of Energy right now is spending a lot of time and energy in something called the FORGE project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.gov/eere/forge/forge-home\">FORGE project\u003c/a> is an Energy Department initiative that would create a dedicated test site for exploring enhanced geothermal systems. Currently, the proposed test site is in Fallon, Nev., where Sandia National Laboratories plans to set up a field where scientists can experiment with new geothermal technology. The idea is, if they can make enhanced geothermal systems a reality, then geothermal energy production around the country would skyrocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back at the Salton Sea, Controlled Thermal Resources isn’t waiting on new technology — it’s hoping to exploit what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office in El Centro, Calif., CEO Rod Colwell plays an aerial video of the southern end of the Salton Sea, where the Hell’s Kitchen plant will go. It’s still in the permitting stages, and it’s going to cost a lot of money – around a billion dollars. But if it’s successful, Colwell plans to build more. He hopes to build enough plants to be able to produce 1,000 megawatts of electricity, which could power about 800,000 homes. And with California looking to phase out its use of fossil fuels, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly in California,” Colwell says, “we will not be able to import any carbon-fired energy after 2025. So it’s important that geothermal is that integral value in the mix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal’s got a long way to go. But Colwell and others are betting that new technology and the demand for clean energy will someday bring this forgotten renewable to the forefront of clean power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KVCR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvcrnews.org\">KVCR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Forgotten+Renewable%3A+Geothermal+Energy+Production+Heats+Up&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three and a half hours east of Los Angeles lies the Salton Sea, a manmade oasis in the heart of the Mojave Desert. It was created in 1905, when a canal broke and the Colorado River flooded the desert for more than a year. The Sea became a \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/02/04/the_salton_sea_in_california_turned_from_a_relaxing_resort_to_an_apocalyptic.html\">tourist hotspot in the 1950’s\u003c/a>, perfect for swimming, boating, and kayaking. But now, people are coming here looking for something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Turner is the chief operating officer of Controlled Thermal Resources, an energy company from Australia. On a hill overlooking the Salton Sea, he points out a patch of land that will someday house his company’s first power plant, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.cthermal.com/\">Hell’s Kitchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States,” he explains.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal energy uses the earth’s natural heat to create electricity. While there are several different ways to accomplish this, the most common is to take super-heated water from geothermal hot spots and pipe it to the surface. It then turns into steam and spins a turbine, which generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s completely renewable, and generates clean energy around the clock, unlike wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think of renewable energy as a house, solar is the roof and the wind is the walls,” says Jason Czapla, principal engineer for Controlled Thermal Resources. “But geothermal’s the foundation, and what California did is it built the walls and the roof, but on wild, windy days it blows too much rain on the roof [and] that house falls down. Well, the Salton Sea is this opportunity for California to fix that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to develop 1,000 megawatts of electricity here over the next decade. They say that could power about 800,000 homes. And for a state that’s aiming to get \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-climate-change-renewable-energy-20151007-story.html\">half its electricity from renewable sources\u003c/a>, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our development coincides with the state’s target, 2030 being the ultimate goal getting to 50 percent,” says Czapla. “And our goal is to build up that 1,000 megawatts and help them increase the renewable energy portfolio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Williams, a geothermal expert at the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082/\">published a report in 2008\u003c/a> in which he explained that there are \u003ca href=\"https://maps.nrel.gov/geothermal-prospector/?aL=AyQ4yd%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bd%255D%3D1&bL=clight&cE=0&lR=0&mC=48.37084770238366%2C-84.19921875&zL=4\">untapped geothermal reservoirs\u003c/a> throughout the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also elaborated on a developing technology that could drastically increase the amount of power the Earth can provide, called enhanced geothermal systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States.” \u003ccite>Jim Turner, Controlled Thermal Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In order for a reservoir to be able to provide geothermal energy, it has to have three things: heat, water, and permeability. In other words: hot, wet rock, with enough fractures in it to allow water to pass through. Enhanced geothermal systems is the process of taking areas with only one or two of those conditions – hot, dry rock with very little fractures, for example – and altering it to satisfy all three conditions. That could mean cracking underground rock to allow more water to pass through, or inserting water into the rockbed to be heated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says scientists and engineers are still working on the technology for enhanced geothermal systems, but if they are able to make it a reality, that could potentially open up thousands of megawatts of energy potential from new reservoirs. And that could someday take from the country’s current 3,000 megawatts of geothermal energy production to almost 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put that into perspective,” Williams says,” the entire electric power generating capacity in the United States is about a million megawatts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s that much clean energy just waiting in the ground, what’s taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allyson Anderson Book directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americangeosciences.org/\">American Geosciences Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit network of geoscientists around the country. She says that geothermal energy has been historically overlooked as a renewable energy source, to the point that it is sometimes referred to as the “forgotten renewable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Book says there are social and technical challenges that have kept geothermal from becoming a major player in the energy field. The technology is complex, and plants are expensive to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of different factors that play in,” Book says. “And so the Department of Energy right now is spending a lot of time and energy in something called the FORGE project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.gov/eere/forge/forge-home\">FORGE project\u003c/a> is an Energy Department initiative that would create a dedicated test site for exploring enhanced geothermal systems. Currently, the proposed test site is in Fallon, Nev., where Sandia National Laboratories plans to set up a field where scientists can experiment with new geothermal technology. The idea is, if they can make enhanced geothermal systems a reality, then geothermal energy production around the country would skyrocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back at the Salton Sea, Controlled Thermal Resources isn’t waiting on new technology — it’s hoping to exploit what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office in El Centro, Calif., CEO Rod Colwell plays an aerial video of the southern end of the Salton Sea, where the Hell’s Kitchen plant will go. It’s still in the permitting stages, and it’s going to cost a lot of money – around a billion dollars. But if it’s successful, Colwell plans to build more. He hopes to build enough plants to be able to produce 1,000 megawatts of electricity, which could power about 800,000 homes. And with California looking to phase out its use of fossil fuels, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly in California,” Colwell says, “we will not be able to import any carbon-fired energy after 2025. So it’s important that geothermal is that integral value in the mix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal’s got a long way to go. But Colwell and others are betting that new technology and the demand for clean energy will someday bring this forgotten renewable to the forefront of clean power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KVCR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvcrnews.org\">KVCR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Forgotten+Renewable%3A+Geothermal+Energy+Production+Heats+Up&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought",
"headTitle": "Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The drought could be crippling, but the wine will be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the happy conclusion of a study published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao6969\">Science\u003c/a>. It turns out that the grapevine is hardier than anyone thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who looked at vineyards in California’s Napa Valley and the Bordeaux region of France found that in times of drought, the grapevine’s resistance actually increased as the season progressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted over a period of ten years, found that the grapevines were not at risk of dying from “even very dry conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means farmers may not need to water their vineyards as much as previously thought during a dry spell. It also could mean better-tasting wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'”\u003ccite>Gregory Gambetta, Bordeaux Sciences Agro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the triggers of ripening occurs when stress is present such as a dry spell,” says Paul Skinner, a co-author of the study and a vineyard consultant at Vineyard Investigations. “It serves to slow down the growth of the vine vegetatively and when the vine stops growing, that is directly connected to the ripening of the fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study sets the practical limits of when grapevines die without water, says Skinner. “This is about trying to figure out how to manage vines during periods of drought. We need to know what these limits are in order to manage risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are a boost for California vineyards, which produce nearly 90 percent of all American wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Business\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wine sector is an economic powerhouse for the state and threats stemming from climate change could spell serious trouble for California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/Wine%20Institute%20Economic%20Impact%20Highlights%202016.pdf\">issued\u003c/a> in 2016 by the Wine Institute, the industry contributes $57.6 billion annually to the local economy and employs about 325,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State’s renowned vineyards also attract some 24 million tourists annually, generating $7.2 billion in revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During severe droughts, plants often die from embolism. It occurs when plants are deprived of water, causing tension in the plant as it starts to convert water into gas. The resulting air bubbles impede the passage of water within the plant, causing it to increase in thirst and potentially die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When plants are well watered, they will never experience embolism,” Skinner told KQED. “It’s a result of extreme drought. And a purpose of this study was to quantify what the threshold is for mortality in a grapevine during a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though total precipitation might not decrease with California’s changing climate, scientists say to expect more severe droughts when they do occur. The study looked at what levels of drought would be enough to cause a degree of embolism sufficient to kill grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the level of drought and we looked at Napa and found that their vines never reach that level,” says Gregory Gambetta, a professor of viticulture at Bordeaux Sciences Agro and the study’s principle investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the world grapples with climate change, knowing what these thresholds are is of critical importance to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'” explains Gambetta. “Will vines survive and bounce back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Grapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner says the study will also allow farmers to adopt techniques to weather climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might prove to be very valuable for land owners who do not want to lose their physical vineyards and plant something else,” he suggests. “I think it will lead to more refinements in what we do, rather than major changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta adds that vineyards are normally productive for twenty to forty years and require a significant amount of financial investment. The study’s findings suggest that farmers might not have to abandon their crop during a dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, during these drought periods,” he says, “farmers regulate the amount of water they get and sometimes they make decisions to essentially whip out vineyards, thinking they will probably die anyway. So there is question of, ‘Did they have to?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta cautions, however, that the study’s findings do not mean farmers should stop watering their vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It simply sets thresholds that we did not know before, that we could not quantify precisely,” he points out. “Now, we can say that these are the levels of stress that vines can endure during a period of drought. That sets a bar for farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the vines were very resilient and we now know what range we are operating in,” adds Skinner. “Hopefully we can find ways to save water by adopting some of the information in this study as a guide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while researchers still have some important questions concerning to what extent vines can repair themselves and recover, farmers now at least have actual numbers to work with when determining how to ration resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how you ration your wine, you’re on your own.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Research shows grapevines are incredibly resilient, which could help growers conserve water and produce better-tasting grapes.\r\n\r\n ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The drought could be crippling, but the wine will be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the happy conclusion of a study published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao6969\">Science\u003c/a>. It turns out that the grapevine is hardier than anyone thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who looked at vineyards in California’s Napa Valley and the Bordeaux region of France found that in times of drought, the grapevine’s resistance actually increased as the season progressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted over a period of ten years, found that the grapevines were not at risk of dying from “even very dry conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means farmers may not need to water their vineyards as much as previously thought during a dry spell. It also could mean better-tasting wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'”\u003ccite>Gregory Gambetta, Bordeaux Sciences Agro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the triggers of ripening occurs when stress is present such as a dry spell,” says Paul Skinner, a co-author of the study and a vineyard consultant at Vineyard Investigations. “It serves to slow down the growth of the vine vegetatively and when the vine stops growing, that is directly connected to the ripening of the fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study sets the practical limits of when grapevines die without water, says Skinner. “This is about trying to figure out how to manage vines during periods of drought. We need to know what these limits are in order to manage risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are a boost for California vineyards, which produce nearly 90 percent of all American wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Business\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wine sector is an economic powerhouse for the state and threats stemming from climate change could spell serious trouble for California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/Wine%20Institute%20Economic%20Impact%20Highlights%202016.pdf\">issued\u003c/a> in 2016 by the Wine Institute, the industry contributes $57.6 billion annually to the local economy and employs about 325,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State’s renowned vineyards also attract some 24 million tourists annually, generating $7.2 billion in revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During severe droughts, plants often die from embolism. It occurs when plants are deprived of water, causing tension in the plant as it starts to convert water into gas. The resulting air bubbles impede the passage of water within the plant, causing it to increase in thirst and potentially die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When plants are well watered, they will never experience embolism,” Skinner told KQED. “It’s a result of extreme drought. And a purpose of this study was to quantify what the threshold is for mortality in a grapevine during a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though total precipitation might not decrease with California’s changing climate, scientists say to expect more severe droughts when they do occur. The study looked at what levels of drought would be enough to cause a degree of embolism sufficient to kill grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the level of drought and we looked at Napa and found that their vines never reach that level,” says Gregory Gambetta, a professor of viticulture at Bordeaux Sciences Agro and the study’s principle investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the world grapples with climate change, knowing what these thresholds are is of critical importance to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'” explains Gambetta. “Will vines survive and bounce back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Grapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner says the study will also allow farmers to adopt techniques to weather climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might prove to be very valuable for land owners who do not want to lose their physical vineyards and plant something else,” he suggests. “I think it will lead to more refinements in what we do, rather than major changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta adds that vineyards are normally productive for twenty to forty years and require a significant amount of financial investment. The study’s findings suggest that farmers might not have to abandon their crop during a dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, during these drought periods,” he says, “farmers regulate the amount of water they get and sometimes they make decisions to essentially whip out vineyards, thinking they will probably die anyway. So there is question of, ‘Did they have to?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta cautions, however, that the study’s findings do not mean farmers should stop watering their vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It simply sets thresholds that we did not know before, that we could not quantify precisely,” he points out. “Now, we can say that these are the levels of stress that vines can endure during a period of drought. That sets a bar for farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the vines were very resilient and we now know what range we are operating in,” adds Skinner. “Hopefully we can find ways to save water by adopting some of the information in this study as a guide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while researchers still have some important questions concerning to what extent vines can repair themselves and recover, farmers now at least have actual numbers to work with when determining how to ration resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how you ration your wine, you’re on your own.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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"order": 14
},
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
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