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"content": "\u003cp>Twin tunnels that would carry water from the Sacramento Delta south are one step closer to happening. The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California has voted to cover nearly 11 billion dollars of the project’s construction cost, over the objection of the region’s two largest cities, Los Angeles and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”eE01vS6XYhIE2kWmdp9DoonrYMoHAXiI”]“It’ll be a very busy two years as we sort out a lot of the issues involved,” says Metropolitan’s chairman, Randy Record. “We believe the right thing to do is build both tunnels, and that’s how we’re proceeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a weighted voting system, board members representing more than 60 percent of Metropolitan’s territory approved picking up what would have been agriculture’s financial share of the project. Tuesday’s vote added $6.5 billion to the roughly $4.3 billion that Metropolitan voted to allocate to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California WaterFix\u003c/a>, which would build three water intakes in the Delta to send water through two tunnels to Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”OEWks82SK1FjmnPKM9o4yeFMHXxAwS3Z”]Metropolitan, whose 26 member agencies supply water to 19 million people, has invested heavily in the WaterFix already, including by buying four Delta islands in the tunnels’ proposed path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the project has been on shaky ground since another potential funder withdrew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Westlands Water District, which would have funded 25% of the project, voted to drop out last September. At the time, Metropolitan’s general manager, Jeffrey Kightlinger said that without Westlands, “you don’t have a project.” last September. A month later, the Santa Clara Valley Water District offered only “conditional support” for WaterFix, \u003ca href=\"https://scvwd.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=5504927&GUID=ADDE92E0-FADE-4CBC-BBD8-BAB9D2316F4D\">with a preference\u003c/a> for a scaled-down, one-tunnel project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7zqY3rLKCmOzpvbnFvRJbV7Z5ngFYURU”]\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last week Metropolitan’s staff \u003ca href=\"http://mwdh2o.com/PDFWWACurrentBoardAgendas/04102018%20BOD%208-7%20B-L.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommended a staged approach\u003c/a> to the tunnels project, beginning with one and adding another if circumstances warranted it\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then a last-minute letter from Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://mavensnotebook.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Brown-letter-Cal-Water-Fix.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pushed the board to choose\u003c/a> the two-tunnel option. After the vote, Brown claimed victory. “This is a historic decision that is good for California — our people, our farms and our natural environment,” he said, in a written statement.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Metropolitan’s board room was packed and, at times, rowdy. Environmentalists and opponents to higher water bills turned out to make public comment, including Bruce Reznick, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://lawaterkeeper.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LA Waterkeeper\u003c/a>, who referenced his appearances at prior hearings.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’ve gone beyond tired, I’m testifying angry,” Reznik said. “This project needs to die. It is a house of cards that is falling apart. Pull the plug, it will be a mercy killing.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Voicing support for the two-tunnel WaterFix option were chambers of commerce, trade groups, business interests, and Orange County cities, including Anaheim.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It will only cost more to build the added capacity in the future,” said Anaheim councilwoman Kris Murray. “We have the opportunity to get it done today and protect the water supply for millions in the process.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today’s vote means that the wholesaler and its customers will be on the hook for at least two-thirds of the project’s cost. That’s just one reason board members representing San Fernando, Santa Monica, San Diego and Los Angeles voted no.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The ratepayers are obviously going to incur a dramatically increased risk,” said Mark Gold, one of five board members from Los Angeles, where Mayor Eric Garcetti has vowed to double local water supplies by 2035. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In recent years, both LA and San Diego have begun to invest in alternatives to importing water, including stormwater capture, groundwater storage, water treatment, and cutting demand. Gold says he fears the pricey twin tunnels project will undermine that work. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What will it do the public’s appetite to invest in local projects that create local jobs and create additional local benefits such as flood control and water quality?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several obstacles remain. The WaterFix has environmental approvals from state and federal authorities, but it still requires more funding, and a green light from the State Water Resources Control Board, to go forward. The project is also the subject of a number of lawsuits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Metropolitan’s leadership says it’s prepared for the fight it deems necessary to stave off catastrophe. “Do we want to wait for Katrina and then say let’s go deal with it?” said Metropolitan chairman Record. “We have examples out there that say the time is now.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"divIP1\" class=\"itmPrt cnvLayer2\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"divExp\" class=\"divExp\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"divBdy\" class=\"bdyItmPrt\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv dir=\"ltr\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">This story has been updated to clarify Santa Clara Valley Water District’s 2017 vote on WaterFix.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twin tunnels that would carry water from the Sacramento Delta south are one step closer to happening. The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California has voted to cover nearly 11 billion dollars of the project’s construction cost, over the objection of the region’s two largest cities, Los Angeles and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“It’ll be a very busy two years as we sort out a lot of the issues involved,” says Metropolitan’s chairman, Randy Record. “We believe the right thing to do is build both tunnels, and that’s how we’re proceeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a weighted voting system, board members representing more than 60 percent of Metropolitan’s territory approved picking up what would have been agriculture’s financial share of the project. Tuesday’s vote added $6.5 billion to the roughly $4.3 billion that Metropolitan voted to allocate to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California WaterFix\u003c/a>, which would build three water intakes in the Delta to send water through two tunnels to Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Metropolitan, whose 26 member agencies supply water to 19 million people, has invested heavily in the WaterFix already, including by buying four Delta islands in the tunnels’ proposed path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the project has been on shaky ground since another potential funder withdrew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Westlands Water District, which would have funded 25% of the project, voted to drop out last September. At the time, Metropolitan’s general manager, Jeffrey Kightlinger said that without Westlands, “you don’t have a project.” last September. A month later, the Santa Clara Valley Water District offered only “conditional support” for WaterFix, \u003ca href=\"https://scvwd.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=5504927&GUID=ADDE92E0-FADE-4CBC-BBD8-BAB9D2316F4D\">with a preference\u003c/a> for a scaled-down, one-tunnel project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last week Metropolitan’s staff \u003ca href=\"http://mwdh2o.com/PDFWWACurrentBoardAgendas/04102018%20BOD%208-7%20B-L.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommended a staged approach\u003c/a> to the tunnels project, beginning with one and adding another if circumstances warranted it\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then a last-minute letter from Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://mavensnotebook.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Brown-letter-Cal-Water-Fix.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pushed the board to choose\u003c/a> the two-tunnel option. After the vote, Brown claimed victory. “This is a historic decision that is good for California — our people, our farms and our natural environment,” he said, in a written statement.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Metropolitan’s board room was packed and, at times, rowdy. Environmentalists and opponents to higher water bills turned out to make public comment, including Bruce Reznick, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://lawaterkeeper.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LA Waterkeeper\u003c/a>, who referenced his appearances at prior hearings.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’ve gone beyond tired, I’m testifying angry,” Reznik said. “This project needs to die. It is a house of cards that is falling apart. Pull the plug, it will be a mercy killing.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Voicing support for the two-tunnel WaterFix option were chambers of commerce, trade groups, business interests, and Orange County cities, including Anaheim.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It will only cost more to build the added capacity in the future,” said Anaheim councilwoman Kris Murray. “We have the opportunity to get it done today and protect the water supply for millions in the process.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today’s vote means that the wholesaler and its customers will be on the hook for at least two-thirds of the project’s cost. That’s just one reason board members representing San Fernando, Santa Monica, San Diego and Los Angeles voted no.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The ratepayers are obviously going to incur a dramatically increased risk,” said Mark Gold, one of five board members from Los Angeles, where Mayor Eric Garcetti has vowed to double local water supplies by 2035. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In recent years, both LA and San Diego have begun to invest in alternatives to importing water, including stormwater capture, groundwater storage, water treatment, and cutting demand. Gold says he fears the pricey twin tunnels project will undermine that work. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What will it do the public’s appetite to invest in local projects that create local jobs and create additional local benefits such as flood control and water quality?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several obstacles remain. The WaterFix has environmental approvals from state and federal authorities, but it still requires more funding, and a green light from the State Water Resources Control Board, to go forward. The project is also the subject of a number of lawsuits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Metropolitan’s leadership says it’s prepared for the fight it deems necessary to stave off catastrophe. “Do we want to wait for Katrina and then say let’s go deal with it?” said Metropolitan chairman Record. “We have examples out there that say the time is now.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"divIP1\" class=\"itmPrt cnvLayer2\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"divExp\" class=\"divExp\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"divBdy\" class=\"bdyItmPrt\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv dir=\"ltr\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">This story has been updated to clarify Santa Clara Valley Water District’s 2017 vote on WaterFix.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In Napa, Watershed and Woodlands Initiative Clashes With Wineries",
"headTitle": "In Napa, Watershed and Woodlands Initiative Clashes With Wineries | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">After years of \u003c/span>trying to save the oak trees he loves in Napa County, California, Jim Wilson may be about to realize his dream. He’s part of the team behind \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/2329/Measure-C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa’s Measure C\u003c/a>, an initiative on the June ballot with the twin goals of preserving oak woodlands and protecting water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hillsides are beautiful and also filter rain, keeping water clean as it replenishes aquifers,” said Wilson, a retired Anheuser-Busch chemist who lives on a fifth-generation cattle ranch in Napa. “Ninety-five percent of oaks on the valley floor are gone and we want to do a better job reducing deforestation on hills.”[contextly_sidebar id=”5DVYbPNRwkfZMOy27qEhEV69rFtqr0Rm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2006 report by the California Oak Foundation, oak woodlands cover about one-eighth of the state and are densest in Napa, covering some 167,000 acres, or one-third of the county. More than 90 percent of Napa’s remaining oak woodlands are privately owned and about one-third are on soil that could be agriculturally productive, according to the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/1894/Voluntary-Oak-Woodlands-Management-Plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2010 Napa County Voluntary Oak Woodlands Management Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture covers about one-fifth of the county, and today’s oak woodland loss is primarily due to vineyard development. Napa vineyards covered nearly 50,000 acres in 2006, and the county’s General Plan projects that they will cover another 10,000 acres by 2030. About 3,000 acres of this vineyard expansion is projected to replace woodlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current oak woodland protections include requiring that two replacement oaks be planted or preserved for every mature oak felled. In addition, some oaks on private land are protected now – including those on slopes steeper than 35 percent and in riparian forests along streams – but many are not. So Wilson decided to take matters into his own hands, coauthoring the Napa County Watershed and Oak Woodland Protection Initiative. “Developers wield an awful lot of power,” he said. “They are used to being able to say how we use our natural resources in Napa.”[contextly_sidebar id=”2KcFoFXTIzqos23WFk0McupfIBiMKLic”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative’s key provisions include increasing the number of replacement oaks from two to three, and extending riparian protections to the ephemeral streams that are dry most of the year but channel rainfall during storms. Most controversially, beginning in 2030 the initiative would also limit oak removal to 795 acres. After that, landowners would need a county permit to remove more oaks and even then could remove only 10 percent of the oak canopy cover on a given parcel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the initiative include the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/redwood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Club’s Redwood Chapter\u003c/a> and the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.forestsforever.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeley-based nonprofit Forests Forever\u003c/a>, while opponents include the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://napavintners.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa Valley Vintners\u003c/a> and the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://napafarmbureau.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa County Farm Bureau\u003c/a> – and there are local grape growers and vintners on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The local farm bureau objects most strongly to the initiative’s limit on removing oaks. “Napa County has some of the most stringent oak woodland protections in the country,” said Ryan Klobas, policy director for the Napa County Farm Bureau. “There is no scientific evidence to substantiate claims that the initiative is needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau also believes that the initiative is anti-agriculture. “It narrowly targets vineyard development,” Klobas said. “There are exceptions to the oak removal limit but agriculture is not one of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exceptions include oak removal to make room for affordable housing and other projects required by state or federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922282\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922282\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-768x539.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-240x168.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-375x263.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pick cabernet sauvignon grapes at Trinchero Napa Valley during the 2017 grape harvest near St. Helena, California. Many wineries oppose an initiative on the June ballot aimed at protecting the region’s remaining oak woodlands. \u003ccite>(George Rose/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents also cite a legal analysis of the initiative commissioned by the county board of supervisors, which concluded that there is a “significant likelihood” of legal challenges. The analysis, conducted by real estate law firm Miller Starr Regalia, also said that “at least portions of [the initiative] would likely survive any legal challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another approach to protecting Napa’s water from vineyard development is already in the works. In 2017, the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a> adopted a regulation to control pollutants from vineyards in the Napa River and Sonoma Creek watersheds. Potential pollutants include nutrients from fertilizer as well as pesticides, notably those that mimic estrogen and might have the unintended effect of feminizing salmon.[contextly_sidebar id=”qJ1lpo9Ys7lvXjcEv4jCQPSCQin2hguz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the water board regulation, vineyards are also “significant sources” of sediment, which can cause a host of problems in waterways such as clogging the loose gravel where salmon spawn. Moreover, converting forests to vineyards can “significantly increase” storm runoff and erosion. Under the new regulation, cutting down native trees above a certain size will require approval from the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, as well as planting three replacements for every tree that is cut. The regulation will be phased in over the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, oak woodlands do far more than protect water quality. Oak canopies capture up to one-third more rainfall than grasslands, boosting groundwater supplies. In addition, oak woodlands are among the most diverse ecosystems in California, with more than 300 animal species, nearly 5,000 insect species and more than 2,000 plant species, according to the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.sfei.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>. And many of these species depend on oaks.[contextly_sidebar id=”dX7LbcUxibHxfJjpF4vBr0e7PifnRByn”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Slutzkin has what may be an unusual take on the initiative. “I find myself in the awkward position of opposing it, but supporting the preservation of oak woodlands and watersheds,” said Slutzkin, a retired commercial developer who is a longtime Sierra Club member and served on the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://naparcd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa County Resource Conservation District\u003c/a> board for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sees initiatives as a failure of governance. “You get them when the political process doesn’t work,” he said. “Supporters of the watershed and oak woodland initiative are well-meaning and the goal is good – but you can’t write a perfect initiative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Slutzkin favors an inclusive process like the one that culminated in Napa’s Living River project, which combines flood control with environmental restoration. “I would like to see the county take leadership as it did with the Living River to create community consensus,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the initiative has divided Napa, Slutzkin noted that “there are no bad people on either side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://bayareamonitor.org/napa-measure-c/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">This story\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003ci> first appeared on the \u003c/i>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://bayareamonitor.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u003ci>Bay Area Monitor\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Many wineries oppose an initiative on the June ballot aimed at protecting the region’s oak woodlands.",
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"title": "In Napa, Watershed and Woodlands Initiative Clashes With Wineries | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">After years of \u003c/span>trying to save the oak trees he loves in Napa County, California, Jim Wilson may be about to realize his dream. He’s part of the team behind \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/2329/Measure-C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa’s Measure C\u003c/a>, an initiative on the June ballot with the twin goals of preserving oak woodlands and protecting water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hillsides are beautiful and also filter rain, keeping water clean as it replenishes aquifers,” said Wilson, a retired Anheuser-Busch chemist who lives on a fifth-generation cattle ranch in Napa. “Ninety-five percent of oaks on the valley floor are gone and we want to do a better job reducing deforestation on hills.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2006 report by the California Oak Foundation, oak woodlands cover about one-eighth of the state and are densest in Napa, covering some 167,000 acres, or one-third of the county. More than 90 percent of Napa’s remaining oak woodlands are privately owned and about one-third are on soil that could be agriculturally productive, according to the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/1894/Voluntary-Oak-Woodlands-Management-Plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2010 Napa County Voluntary Oak Woodlands Management Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture covers about one-fifth of the county, and today’s oak woodland loss is primarily due to vineyard development. Napa vineyards covered nearly 50,000 acres in 2006, and the county’s General Plan projects that they will cover another 10,000 acres by 2030. About 3,000 acres of this vineyard expansion is projected to replace woodlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current oak woodland protections include requiring that two replacement oaks be planted or preserved for every mature oak felled. In addition, some oaks on private land are protected now – including those on slopes steeper than 35 percent and in riparian forests along streams – but many are not. So Wilson decided to take matters into his own hands, coauthoring the Napa County Watershed and Oak Woodland Protection Initiative. “Developers wield an awful lot of power,” he said. “They are used to being able to say how we use our natural resources in Napa.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative’s key provisions include increasing the number of replacement oaks from two to three, and extending riparian protections to the ephemeral streams that are dry most of the year but channel rainfall during storms. Most controversially, beginning in 2030 the initiative would also limit oak removal to 795 acres. After that, landowners would need a county permit to remove more oaks and even then could remove only 10 percent of the oak canopy cover on a given parcel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the initiative include the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/redwood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Club’s Redwood Chapter\u003c/a> and the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.forestsforever.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeley-based nonprofit Forests Forever\u003c/a>, while opponents include the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://napavintners.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa Valley Vintners\u003c/a> and the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://napafarmbureau.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa County Farm Bureau\u003c/a> – and there are local grape growers and vintners on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The local farm bureau objects most strongly to the initiative’s limit on removing oaks. “Napa County has some of the most stringent oak woodland protections in the country,” said Ryan Klobas, policy director for the Napa County Farm Bureau. “There is no scientific evidence to substantiate claims that the initiative is needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau also believes that the initiative is anti-agriculture. “It narrowly targets vineyard development,” Klobas said. “There are exceptions to the oak removal limit but agriculture is not one of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exceptions include oak removal to make room for affordable housing and other projects required by state or federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922282\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922282\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-768x539.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-240x168.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-375x263.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/grose370421-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pick cabernet sauvignon grapes at Trinchero Napa Valley during the 2017 grape harvest near St. Helena, California. Many wineries oppose an initiative on the June ballot aimed at protecting the region’s remaining oak woodlands. \u003ccite>(George Rose/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents also cite a legal analysis of the initiative commissioned by the county board of supervisors, which concluded that there is a “significant likelihood” of legal challenges. The analysis, conducted by real estate law firm Miller Starr Regalia, also said that “at least portions of [the initiative] would likely survive any legal challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another approach to protecting Napa’s water from vineyard development is already in the works. In 2017, the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a> adopted a regulation to control pollutants from vineyards in the Napa River and Sonoma Creek watersheds. Potential pollutants include nutrients from fertilizer as well as pesticides, notably those that mimic estrogen and might have the unintended effect of feminizing salmon.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the water board regulation, vineyards are also “significant sources” of sediment, which can cause a host of problems in waterways such as clogging the loose gravel where salmon spawn. Moreover, converting forests to vineyards can “significantly increase” storm runoff and erosion. Under the new regulation, cutting down native trees above a certain size will require approval from the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, as well as planting three replacements for every tree that is cut. The regulation will be phased in over the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, oak woodlands do far more than protect water quality. Oak canopies capture up to one-third more rainfall than grasslands, boosting groundwater supplies. In addition, oak woodlands are among the most diverse ecosystems in California, with more than 300 animal species, nearly 5,000 insect species and more than 2,000 plant species, according to the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.sfei.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>. And many of these species depend on oaks.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Slutzkin has what may be an unusual take on the initiative. “I find myself in the awkward position of opposing it, but supporting the preservation of oak woodlands and watersheds,” said Slutzkin, a retired commercial developer who is a longtime Sierra Club member and served on the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://naparcd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa County Resource Conservation District\u003c/a> board for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sees initiatives as a failure of governance. “You get them when the political process doesn’t work,” he said. “Supporters of the watershed and oak woodland initiative are well-meaning and the goal is good – but you can’t write a perfect initiative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Slutzkin favors an inclusive process like the one that culminated in Napa’s Living River project, which combines flood control with environmental restoration. “I would like to see the county take leadership as it did with the Living River to create community consensus,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the initiative has divided Napa, Slutzkin noted that “there are no bad people on either side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://bayareamonitor.org/napa-measure-c/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">This story\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003ci> first appeared on the \u003c/i>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://bayareamonitor.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u003ci>Bay Area Monitor\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California, Trump Administration Clash Over Sale of Public Lands",
"headTitle": "California, Trump Administration Clash Over Sale of Public Lands | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump Administration is suing California over a legislative hurdle that effectively prevents the federal government from selling public land to large oil and gas companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department announced on April 2 plans to challenge a state law passed in 2017 that allows California the right to intervene in the sale of federal public lands.[contextly_sidebar id=”sK92V9fMLxxVMFicYKmfUA37cfBeZBmt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration is arguing the law constitutes improper state interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-lawsuit-invalidate-new-california-law-restricting-federal-land-sales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a DOJ release\u003c/a> Attorney General Jeff Sessions called the state legislation “extreme” and blasted California for causing the department to waste “valuable time and resources” in filing the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AGBecerra/status/980897241756942336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fired back on Twitter\u003c/a> the same day with, “Our public lands should not be on the auction block to the highest bidder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.slc.ca.gov/Info/SB50.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 50\u003c/a>, allows the state the right of first refusal in the sale of federal public lands, meaning the state can match the sale price that another purchaser has offered. If it chooses to forego the option, it provides the purchaser with a compliance certificate. The certificate allows the purchaser to record the transfer at the county land records office.[contextly_sidebar id=”tDvVCJXAC02E3drmXcSZGdBrMkZbdOiK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not invalidating the sale itself, the law prevents the purchaser from recording it with the land recorder’s office unless California signs off. That can impact the purchaser’s ability to sell the land or obtain a mortgage, says Eric Biber, an environmental law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not a requirement, there are important reasons for why a landowner might want to record their deed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reasons you want to record your transfer is because you don’t want to risk losing your land to a subsequent transaction on that property,” says Biber. “In addition, no bank will ever lend you money or a mortgage if you do a transfer without that land recording.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The federal complaint alleges that California has already intervened in multiple land sales since SB50 was passed. Among those cited include the\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Army’s plan to convey public land in Alameda County to a developer for the purpose of constructing facilities. The Veterans Affairs Department in Los Angeles also wants to lease part of their land to create housing for veterans. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Legislation & the Constitution\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Legal experts say California’s law may be difficult to defend in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution’s Property Clause broadly restricts states from interfering with federal land disposal. In addition, the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution states that the federal law prevails over the state law if a conflict arises between the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the essence of the whole system,” says John Cary Sims, a constitutional law professor at the McGeorge School of Law. “So if the federal government says that racial segregation is illegal, then states don’t have a choice in whether they’re going to comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1047936/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> complaint\u003c/a> also points to the act that formally admitted California as a state in 1850. In return for statehood, California promised not to interfere with the disposal of public lands. Several federal laws also provide for land disposal, say legal experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’If it doesn’t impair the actual sale, then who cares who buys the land from the federal government’s point of view?’\u003ccite>John Cary Sims, Constitutional Law Professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California does not see the issue as a conflict between federal and state law, but as California’s right to control the environment. Nearly 46 percent of land in California is federally owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the SB 50 was introduced, Senator Ben Allen \u003ca href=\"http://focus.senate.ca.gov/sites/focus.senate.ca.gov/files/preserveca/SB-50_Fact-Sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said it was aimed at\u003c/a> protecting California’s public lands from being sold off to the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]e have seen a drastic shift in Congress which has culminated in efforts to open federal public lands for more oil and gas exploration and to even give lands away outright to corporations or states,” said Allen. “There are significant questions about the Trump administration’s support, or lack of support, of public lands based on his appointments and their stated positions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Targeting the Buyer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome legal experts say California may have a case because of \u003cem>who\u003c/em> the law targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key thing here, at least from the state’s perspective, is that they aren’t directly regulating the sale,” says Biber. “What they’re doing stems from this concept of land recording that has existed for centuries in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will argue that they aren’t regulating the federal government, only the purchaser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental law professor Richard Frank says the phrasing of the statute is a “clever attempt” to avoid preemption by focusing on the purchaser rather than the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California may try to advance this argument but I’m not sure that’s a persuasive or powerful argument,” says Frank. “A federal judge might well conclude that the state of California can’t do indirectly what the state can’t do directly.”[contextly_sidebar id=”IYTR9q4Ma734TYhUCB9sivFVD2S9i0y6”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sims says it would all depend on the mechanics of the statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it doesn’t impair the actual sale, then who cares who buys the land from the federal government’s point of view?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sims says the court might look to the historical record to see whether federal policy reflects any preference for who can buy the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California cares about who ultimately buys the land but there is no manifested federal policy that prefers one purchaser over the other, than maybe what California is doing is fine,” says Sims. “Those who happen to sit in office may care but the law may not embody any federal policy about the purchaser.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain federal laws on land transfers also require federal agencies to comply with state law, says Biber.[contextly_sidebar id=”lfQGINmX1ayg6vxqxlv3Jiw0nZQJ5Vl9″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That goes to the state’s second argument — they would say, ‘Sure, we are regulating you, but the law says we can.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those laws are those aimed at conservation efforts such as the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, which applies to large swathes of the California desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FLPMA in part prohibits transfers of public lands that contain restrictions that would violate “any law or regulation pursuant to state and local land use plans, or programs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mantle of State’s Rights\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLegal experts point to a potential double standard, between the Trump Administration’s position in this case versus their position on federal monuments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the context of national monuments, the Trump administration has argued that the federal government has a duty to transfer federal lands to the state,” says Alex Camacho, professor of environmental law at the University of California, Irvine. “This issue of states rights has been levied by this administration to support states that fall within agreement with the Trump Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Frank says while ironic, the practice is nothing new and refers to it as “situational federalism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Republicans and Democrats both invoke states’ rights when it involves their agenda. There isn’t a whole lot of ideological purity when it comes to the issue of federalism and states rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it was then-Texas’ attorney general Greg Abbott, who during the Obama administration, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2013/may/10/greg-abbott/greg-abbott-says-he-has-sued-obama-administration-/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> “I go into the office, I sue the federal government and I go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pubic lands case is slated for initial hearings on August 13, 2018 in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump Administration is suing California over a legislative hurdle that effectively prevents the federal government from selling public land to large oil and gas companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department announced on April 2 plans to challenge a state law passed in 2017 that allows California the right to intervene in the sale of federal public lands.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration is arguing the law constitutes improper state interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-lawsuit-invalidate-new-california-law-restricting-federal-land-sales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a DOJ release\u003c/a> Attorney General Jeff Sessions called the state legislation “extreme” and blasted California for causing the department to waste “valuable time and resources” in filing the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AGBecerra/status/980897241756942336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fired back on Twitter\u003c/a> the same day with, “Our public lands should not be on the auction block to the highest bidder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.slc.ca.gov/Info/SB50.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 50\u003c/a>, allows the state the right of first refusal in the sale of federal public lands, meaning the state can match the sale price that another purchaser has offered. If it chooses to forego the option, it provides the purchaser with a compliance certificate. The certificate allows the purchaser to record the transfer at the county land records office.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not invalidating the sale itself, the law prevents the purchaser from recording it with the land recorder’s office unless California signs off. That can impact the purchaser’s ability to sell the land or obtain a mortgage, says Eric Biber, an environmental law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not a requirement, there are important reasons for why a landowner might want to record their deed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reasons you want to record your transfer is because you don’t want to risk losing your land to a subsequent transaction on that property,” says Biber. “In addition, no bank will ever lend you money or a mortgage if you do a transfer without that land recording.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The federal complaint alleges that California has already intervened in multiple land sales since SB50 was passed. Among those cited include the\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Army’s plan to convey public land in Alameda County to a developer for the purpose of constructing facilities. The Veterans Affairs Department in Los Angeles also wants to lease part of their land to create housing for veterans. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Legislation & the Constitution\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Legal experts say California’s law may be difficult to defend in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution’s Property Clause broadly restricts states from interfering with federal land disposal. In addition, the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution states that the federal law prevails over the state law if a conflict arises between the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the essence of the whole system,” says John Cary Sims, a constitutional law professor at the McGeorge School of Law. “So if the federal government says that racial segregation is illegal, then states don’t have a choice in whether they’re going to comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1047936/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> complaint\u003c/a> also points to the act that formally admitted California as a state in 1850. In return for statehood, California promised not to interfere with the disposal of public lands. Several federal laws also provide for land disposal, say legal experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’If it doesn’t impair the actual sale, then who cares who buys the land from the federal government’s point of view?’\u003ccite>John Cary Sims, Constitutional Law Professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California does not see the issue as a conflict between federal and state law, but as California’s right to control the environment. Nearly 46 percent of land in California is federally owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the SB 50 was introduced, Senator Ben Allen \u003ca href=\"http://focus.senate.ca.gov/sites/focus.senate.ca.gov/files/preserveca/SB-50_Fact-Sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said it was aimed at\u003c/a> protecting California’s public lands from being sold off to the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]e have seen a drastic shift in Congress which has culminated in efforts to open federal public lands for more oil and gas exploration and to even give lands away outright to corporations or states,” said Allen. “There are significant questions about the Trump administration’s support, or lack of support, of public lands based on his appointments and their stated positions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Targeting the Buyer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome legal experts say California may have a case because of \u003cem>who\u003c/em> the law targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key thing here, at least from the state’s perspective, is that they aren’t directly regulating the sale,” says Biber. “What they’re doing stems from this concept of land recording that has existed for centuries in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will argue that they aren’t regulating the federal government, only the purchaser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental law professor Richard Frank says the phrasing of the statute is a “clever attempt” to avoid preemption by focusing on the purchaser rather than the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California may try to advance this argument but I’m not sure that’s a persuasive or powerful argument,” says Frank. “A federal judge might well conclude that the state of California can’t do indirectly what the state can’t do directly.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sims says it would all depend on the mechanics of the statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it doesn’t impair the actual sale, then who cares who buys the land from the federal government’s point of view?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sims says the court might look to the historical record to see whether federal policy reflects any preference for who can buy the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California cares about who ultimately buys the land but there is no manifested federal policy that prefers one purchaser over the other, than maybe what California is doing is fine,” says Sims. “Those who happen to sit in office may care but the law may not embody any federal policy about the purchaser.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain federal laws on land transfers also require federal agencies to comply with state law, says Biber.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That goes to the state’s second argument — they would say, ‘Sure, we are regulating you, but the law says we can.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those laws are those aimed at conservation efforts such as the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, which applies to large swathes of the California desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FLPMA in part prohibits transfers of public lands that contain restrictions that would violate “any law or regulation pursuant to state and local land use plans, or programs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mantle of State’s Rights\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLegal experts point to a potential double standard, between the Trump Administration’s position in this case versus their position on federal monuments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the context of national monuments, the Trump administration has argued that the federal government has a duty to transfer federal lands to the state,” says Alex Camacho, professor of environmental law at the University of California, Irvine. “This issue of states rights has been levied by this administration to support states that fall within agreement with the Trump Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Frank says while ironic, the practice is nothing new and refers to it as “situational federalism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Republicans and Democrats both invoke states’ rights when it involves their agenda. There isn’t a whole lot of ideological purity when it comes to the issue of federalism and states rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it was then-Texas’ attorney general Greg Abbott, who during the Obama administration, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2013/may/10/greg-abbott/greg-abbott-says-he-has-sued-obama-administration-/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> “I go into the office, I sue the federal government and I go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pubic lands case is slated for initial hearings on August 13, 2018 in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A $20 million international competition to make profitable products from a gas that otherwise would contribute to global warming has entered its final stretch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 finalists in the contest sponsored by a U.S. energy company and a group of Canadian oil sands producers have shown in a lab they can use carbon dioxide from power plants to potentially turn a profit making everything from concrete to methanol, an alcohol used in a range of products.[contextly_sidebar id=”ozexLDEtLHzrUKaHmWU2485uuX4uP10b”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finalists announced Monday — from India, China, Scotland, Canada and the U.S. — will collect $5 million in prize money, or $500,000 apiece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teams also get the chance to put their ideas to work using much larger volumes of CO2 obtained from actual power plant emissions. The 1 metric ton of CO2 they will need to use daily is 10 times more than they had to demonstrate in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ton is still only about 1 percent of a power plant’s daily output of CO2. But the competition is more about inspiring than immediate solutions to climate change, said Marcius Extavour, senior director of energy and resources for the XPRIZE Foundation organizing the contest.[contextly_sidebar id=”FR5pE3YPpyk9SubIfy2pa6aUReRbVgOs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about opening people’s minds and really demonstrating what is possible,” Extavour said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five of the finalists will compete to make use of actual flue gases from a Wyoming coal-fired power plant. The other five will compete at a gas-fired power plant in Alberta, Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting this summer, they will have a year to practice at the plants before data collection for competition begins. The two winners, one at each site, will each collect a $7.5 million grand prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemistry is why the competition has two tracks. Carbon dioxide concentrations at the Wyoming Integrated Test Center, a new research facility at the Dry Fork Station coal-fired power plant near Gillette, are about double those at the Alberta Carbon Conversion Technology Centre, a new research facility at the Shepard Energy Centre gas-fired power plant in Calgary, Alberta.[contextly_sidebar id=”VBJ5NyD2v8hkuy5uJzZ6c211OG4H21M6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 finalists scored highest among 20 semifinalists on how much CO2 they could put to use, as well as the value of their products. Making concrete, for example, scores high on volume but not product value, while making relatively small amounts of pricey carbon fiber scores low on volume but high on value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finalists include C2CNT, a team from Ashburn, Virginia, making carbon nanotubes, and CarbonCure, of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, which already has been using carbon dioxide on a commercial scale to chemically create limestone in concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CarbonCure works with almost 100 concrete plants in the U.S. and Canada but gets its CO2 from a variety of sources, said Jennifer Wagner, CarbonCure’s XPRIZE team leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the technology works. We know there is an environmental benefit and an economic benefit to the concrete producers,” Wagner said. “What we need to show for the purposes of the XPRIZE is that technology can score the highest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides saving concrete producers money, the process can potentially reduce demand for cement from plants that are responsible for up to 5 percent of the world’s CO2 emissions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The competition is sponsored by NRG Energy and Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance. XPRIZE is an organizer of technological innovation contests including one that awarded $10 million for the first private organization to launch a manned spacecraft into space twice within two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about opening people’s minds and really demonstrating what is possible,” Extavour said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five of the finalists will compete to make use of actual flue gases from a Wyoming coal-fired power plant. The other five will compete at a gas-fired power plant in Alberta, Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting this summer, they will have a year to practice at the plants before data collection for competition begins. The two winners, one at each site, will each collect a $7.5 million grand prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemistry is why the competition has two tracks. Carbon dioxide concentrations at the Wyoming Integrated Test Center, a new research facility at the Dry Fork Station coal-fired power plant near Gillette, are about double those at the Alberta Carbon Conversion Technology Centre, a new research facility at the Shepard Energy Centre gas-fired power plant in Calgary, Alberta.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 finalists scored highest among 20 semifinalists on how much CO2 they could put to use, as well as the value of their products. Making concrete, for example, scores high on volume but not product value, while making relatively small amounts of pricey carbon fiber scores low on volume but high on value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finalists include C2CNT, a team from Ashburn, Virginia, making carbon nanotubes, and CarbonCure, of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, which already has been using carbon dioxide on a commercial scale to chemically create limestone in concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CarbonCure works with almost 100 concrete plants in the U.S. and Canada but gets its CO2 from a variety of sources, said Jennifer Wagner, CarbonCure’s XPRIZE team leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the technology works. We know there is an environmental benefit and an economic benefit to the concrete producers,” Wagner said. “What we need to show for the purposes of the XPRIZE is that technology can score the highest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides saving concrete producers money, the process can potentially reduce demand for cement from plants that are responsible for up to 5 percent of the world’s CO2 emissions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The competition is sponsored by NRG Energy and Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance. XPRIZE is an organizer of technological innovation contests including one that awarded $10 million for the first private organization to launch a manned spacecraft into space twice within two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Californians may \u003c/span>be breathing a sigh of relief, but not elation, this week, after the state’s latest snowpack reading. A wet and cold March saved California from a near record-low snowpack, but it proved too little too late to bring a full recovery. And worse, climate scientists say we should start getting used to these low snowpack years.[contextly_sidebar id=”zlL0iPhmZuP0NZjqTmQRjy2vLIn9w2uR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much water content the snow holds in the Sierra Nevada mountains is crucial to the state’s water supply, and snowpack readings at the start of April – usually the peak accumulation of the season – are a key indicator of the winter’s bounty (or lack of).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 3, the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">snow-water equivalent\u003c/a> (how much water content is in the snow), was 52 percent of the long-term average statewide. And in the northern part of the Sierra Nevada, which drains into the state’s two biggest reservoirs, it was only 41 percent of average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not great, but it’s a vast improvement from the outlook just over a month ago when the snowpack was near the lowest recorded. “At the end of February things were not looking so great, things were extremely dry throughout the state,” said \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/person/daniel-swain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at University of California, Los Angeles’ \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/climate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Climate Science\u003c/a>. “The whole winter had been very warm, in some place the warmest on record.”[contextly_sidebar id=”y7pgl4aTsUh3wGVE63yEFhvAhFL69WIy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain called California’s winter “really weird” this year, with heat waves and fire danger that lasted through December. “The Thomas Fire, California’s largest fire in modern history, occurred in mid-December, which is kind of mind-boggling,” he said. Typically, California’s wet weather returns in October or November, stamping out fire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other than the storms that brought fatal flooding and mudslides to Santa Barbara County in January, the winter in Southern California was nearly bone dry until the end of February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>March, Swain said, was a reversal of fortune, with wet weather returning and being accompanied by much colder temperatures, an ideal combination for boosting mountain snowpack. “We actually had a below-average month temperature-wise in most of the state, which hasn’t happened in some places in a long time,” he said. “And that combined with a pretty active storm track meant we got a lot of snow in the mountains over a three- or four-week period.”[contextly_sidebar id=”0S6zH6KeBTsvihOPUwMhEcocq6PqZWnd”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Nevada snowpack nearly tripled during March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other good piece of news is that 2017 was a huge water year for California, and the state’s major reservoirs are at 107 percent of average for this time of year, according to the Department of Water Resources. But this also means that California will be working its way through some of its reserves this year as it taps the “bank account” of water supply in reservoirs. And so far, contractors that receive water via the State Water Project are projected to receive only 20 percent of their allocation, although that figure may be amended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/All-News-Articles/April-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manual snowpack reading\u003c/a> at Phillips Stations in the Sierra Nevada on April 2, Department of Water Resources director Karla Nemeth used the opportunity to pitch for smarter and more efficient use of water. “We need every Californian to conserve,” she said. After learning to cut back during lean years, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/03/10/california-water-use-continues-to-increase-as-conservation-declines/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent figures\u003c/a> have shown that Californians are nearly back to using as much water as they were before the state’s recent drought.[contextly_sidebar id=”aeE0HRS3SnoiktPvItT0SxxZ1yESRyup”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rizzardo, chief of Snow Surveys Section and Water Supply Forecasting at the Department of Water Resources, said the full reservoirs mean there’s “no immediate concern” regarding water supply but there could be “potential impacts should we have a second dry year in a row next winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And another dry year, or at least a year with low snowpack, is a legitimate concern, officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maggie Macias, an information officer at the Department of Water Resources, said the biggest factor this year in California was a lack of storms, especially during December and February, which are historically the two wettest months. “When we did get storms, most notably those in January and again in March, some were of a warmer, atmospheric river nature, which tends to produce more precipitation as rain rather than snow,” she said. “So warmer storms/temperatures did play their part this year.”[contextly_sidebar id=”b1aMWfOigDDGGJTsF8SUYHFNijo02vYY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, she said, is a noticeable trend over the past few years. “We’ve set some high temperature marks month to month or over seasons that are worrisome,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Swain said the overall trend has been a lagging snowpack, even in years when there’s adequate precipitation. And higher temperatures are to blame there. “That’s sort of the warming signal that’s buried in everything now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will still experience wet years and occasional big snow years, he said, but they will become less frequent and less big. A \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/UCLA-CCS-Climate-Change-Sierra-Nevada.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> just published by the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span> Center for Climate Science found that if nothing is done to curb climate change, Sierra Nevada average spring snowpack is likely to drop by 64 percent by the end of the century and by 30 percent if some efforts are made at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But warming impacts are already being seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“There has been an expectation for a long time that we would see Sierra Nevada snow lines, the elevation of where the mean snow is falling, creeping up the mountain and we’d see less snow at lower and middle elevations, and then eventually the overall snowpack would start to decrease,” Swain said. “And based on a couple of studies that have come out in the last six months – we’re there. It’s no longer ‘we expect to see,’ it’s ‘we are starting to see this in the real world.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Californians may \u003c/span>be breathing a sigh of relief, but not elation, this week, after the state’s latest snowpack reading. A wet and cold March saved California from a near record-low snowpack, but it proved too little too late to bring a full recovery. And worse, climate scientists say we should start getting used to these low snowpack years.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much water content the snow holds in the Sierra Nevada mountains is crucial to the state’s water supply, and snowpack readings at the start of April – usually the peak accumulation of the season – are a key indicator of the winter’s bounty (or lack of).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 3, the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">snow-water equivalent\u003c/a> (how much water content is in the snow), was 52 percent of the long-term average statewide. And in the northern part of the Sierra Nevada, which drains into the state’s two biggest reservoirs, it was only 41 percent of average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not great, but it’s a vast improvement from the outlook just over a month ago when the snowpack was near the lowest recorded. “At the end of February things were not looking so great, things were extremely dry throughout the state,” said \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/person/daniel-swain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at University of California, Los Angeles’ \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/climate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Climate Science\u003c/a>. “The whole winter had been very warm, in some place the warmest on record.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain called California’s winter “really weird” this year, with heat waves and fire danger that lasted through December. “The Thomas Fire, California’s largest fire in modern history, occurred in mid-December, which is kind of mind-boggling,” he said. Typically, California’s wet weather returns in October or November, stamping out fire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other than the storms that brought fatal flooding and mudslides to Santa Barbara County in January, the winter in Southern California was nearly bone dry until the end of February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>March, Swain said, was a reversal of fortune, with wet weather returning and being accompanied by much colder temperatures, an ideal combination for boosting mountain snowpack. “We actually had a below-average month temperature-wise in most of the state, which hasn’t happened in some places in a long time,” he said. “And that combined with a pretty active storm track meant we got a lot of snow in the mountains over a three- or four-week period.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Nevada snowpack nearly tripled during March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other good piece of news is that 2017 was a huge water year for California, and the state’s major reservoirs are at 107 percent of average for this time of year, according to the Department of Water Resources. But this also means that California will be working its way through some of its reserves this year as it taps the “bank account” of water supply in reservoirs. And so far, contractors that receive water via the State Water Project are projected to receive only 20 percent of their allocation, although that figure may be amended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/All-News-Articles/April-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manual snowpack reading\u003c/a> at Phillips Stations in the Sierra Nevada on April 2, Department of Water Resources director Karla Nemeth used the opportunity to pitch for smarter and more efficient use of water. “We need every Californian to conserve,” she said. After learning to cut back during lean years, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/03/10/california-water-use-continues-to-increase-as-conservation-declines/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent figures\u003c/a> have shown that Californians are nearly back to using as much water as they were before the state’s recent drought.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rizzardo, chief of Snow Surveys Section and Water Supply Forecasting at the Department of Water Resources, said the full reservoirs mean there’s “no immediate concern” regarding water supply but there could be “potential impacts should we have a second dry year in a row next winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And another dry year, or at least a year with low snowpack, is a legitimate concern, officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maggie Macias, an information officer at the Department of Water Resources, said the biggest factor this year in California was a lack of storms, especially during December and February, which are historically the two wettest months. “When we did get storms, most notably those in January and again in March, some were of a warmer, atmospheric river nature, which tends to produce more precipitation as rain rather than snow,” she said. “So warmer storms/temperatures did play their part this year.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, she said, is a noticeable trend over the past few years. “We’ve set some high temperature marks month to month or over seasons that are worrisome,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Swain said the overall trend has been a lagging snowpack, even in years when there’s adequate precipitation. And higher temperatures are to blame there. “That’s sort of the warming signal that’s buried in everything now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will still experience wet years and occasional big snow years, he said, but they will become less frequent and less big. A \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/UCLA-CCS-Climate-Change-Sierra-Nevada.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> just published by the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span> Center for Climate Science found that if nothing is done to curb climate change, Sierra Nevada average spring snowpack is likely to drop by 64 percent by the end of the century and by 30 percent if some efforts are made at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But warming impacts are already being seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“There has been an expectation for a long time that we would see Sierra Nevada snow lines, the elevation of where the mean snow is falling, creeping up the mountain and we’d see less snow at lower and middle elevations, and then eventually the overall snowpack would start to decrease,” Swain said. “And based on a couple of studies that have come out in the last six months – we’re there. It’s no longer ‘we expect to see,’ it’s ‘we are starting to see this in the real world.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>Scientists in Antarctica have harvested their first crop of vegetables grown without earth, daylight or pesticides as part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Germany’s Neumayer Station III say they’ve picked 8 pounds of salad greens, 18 cucumbers and 70 radishes grown inside a high-tech greenhouse as temperatures outside dropped below -4 Fahrenheit.[contextly_sidebar id=”2wg6PO03zcv7nxs4zNB3HrqWtg1KflMX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The German Aerospace Center DLR, which coordinates the project, said Thursday that by May scientists hope to harvest 4-5 kilograms of fruit and vegetables a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA has successfully grown greens on the International Space Station, DLR’s Daniel Schubert says the Antarctic project aims to produce a wider range of vegetables that might one day be grown on Mars or the Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_66467 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Greenland ice sheet\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is melting at its fastest rate in 400 years at a pace that has nearly doubled since the end of the 19th century, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017GL076641\">study\u003c/a> published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZLLASi7HqKFpu3kwwCEA9Dvfw7aITKt4″]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">That could have major consequences for global sea level rise, according to online environmental magazine \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/digest/greenland-ice-sheet-melting-doubled-over-the-last-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yale Environment 360\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Greenland ice sheet contains about 8 percent of the ice on earth, and if all of it were to melt in the coming centuries, global sea levels \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/quickfacts/icesheets.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would rise by 20 feet.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.9c8a7ee7200a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post \u003c/a>notes that the melting is already impacting sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">In recent years, as Arctic air and ocean temperatures have risen, Greenland has been losing more ice through melting on its surface and through iceberg breaks at its periphery. It’s currently contributing almost a millimeter annually to the rising of the oceans, more even than Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And the research suggests that global warming is largely to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[T]he study also noted that during past eras of warm seas or high blocking, melt wasn’t as extreme — suggesting that the steady global warming trend, representing a more than 2 degree Fahrenheit rise in Greenland since the preindustrial era, is the key to separating the present from past. — \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.6fa40cff7b6a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">When placed in the broader context of our planet’s history, the findings are pretty alarming,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.a958fd93b435\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> says lead researcher\u003c/a> Erich Osterberg, a Dartmouth glaciologist.[contextly_sidebar id=”MytjPi8UgzRIur6IN8Mna1d9DKB7HCsm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The last time it was as warm as now, we were getting much more radiation from the sun because of Earth’s orbit, and that was probably [7,000] or 8,000 years ago,” Osterberg told the Post.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">[contextly_sidebar id=”rRSdCg2zvXamqLMPS9kVMUihA41c7ueg”]Meanwhile “Scientific American” notes that while\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-400-years1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> icebergs get plenty\u003c/a> of media coverage, more attention needs to be paid to surface melting when assessing Greenland’s ice loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Much of the recent attention on Greenland’s ice loss has focused on icebergs breaking away from the ice sheet’s glaciers, eye-catching events that often draw media attention and capture the public’s imagination. But research suggests that melting from the surface of the ice sheet actually accounts for more than half of Greenland’s ice loss. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And with global warming becoming the norm, looking at the impact of greenhouse emissions will become crucial when making evaluations of sea level rise.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Essentially, the weather patterns that control these year-to-year changes become less and less important when you look over longer time scales,” Osterberg told \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-400-years1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientific American\u003c/a>. “Several decades into the future, the long-term warming trend from greenhouse gases — that’s going to dominate the signal.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Greenland ice sheet\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is melting at its fastest rate in 400 years at a pace that has nearly doubled since the end of the 19th century, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017GL076641\">study\u003c/a> published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">That could have major consequences for global sea level rise, according to online environmental magazine \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/digest/greenland-ice-sheet-melting-doubled-over-the-last-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yale Environment 360\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Greenland ice sheet contains about 8 percent of the ice on earth, and if all of it were to melt in the coming centuries, global sea levels \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/quickfacts/icesheets.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would rise by 20 feet.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.9c8a7ee7200a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post \u003c/a>notes that the melting is already impacting sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">In recent years, as Arctic air and ocean temperatures have risen, Greenland has been losing more ice through melting on its surface and through iceberg breaks at its periphery. It’s currently contributing almost a millimeter annually to the rising of the oceans, more even than Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And the research suggests that global warming is largely to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[T]he study also noted that during past eras of warm seas or high blocking, melt wasn’t as extreme — suggesting that the steady global warming trend, representing a more than 2 degree Fahrenheit rise in Greenland since the preindustrial era, is the key to separating the present from past. — \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.6fa40cff7b6a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">When placed in the broader context of our planet’s history, the findings are pretty alarming,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-450-years-at-least/?utm_term=.a958fd93b435\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> says lead researcher\u003c/a> Erich Osterberg, a Dartmouth glaciologist.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The last time it was as warm as now, we were getting much more radiation from the sun because of Earth’s orbit, and that was probably [7,000] or 8,000 years ago,” Osterberg told the Post.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Meanwhile “Scientific American” notes that while\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-400-years1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> icebergs get plenty\u003c/a> of media coverage, more attention needs to be paid to surface melting when assessing Greenland’s ice loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Much of the recent attention on Greenland’s ice loss has focused on icebergs breaking away from the ice sheet’s glaciers, eye-catching events that often draw media attention and capture the public’s imagination. But research suggests that melting from the surface of the ice sheet actually accounts for more than half of Greenland’s ice loss. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And with global warming becoming the norm, looking at the impact of greenhouse emissions will become crucial when making evaluations of sea level rise.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Essentially, the weather patterns that control these year-to-year changes become less and less important when you look over longer time scales,” Osterberg told \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/greenland-is-melting-faster-than-at-any-time-in-the-last-400-years1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientific American\u003c/a>. “Several decades into the future, the long-term warming trend from greenhouse gases — that’s going to dominate the signal.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Feds Target Unique Waiver That Allows California to Steer Emissions Limits",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scott Pruitt, administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, turned his sights this week on a nearly half-century-old federal waiver that allows California to pursue its own, tough tailpipe emission standards, and allows other states to opt in to California’s standards rather than federal ones if they choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The waiver has allowed California, the U.S. state with the most people and the biggest economy, to steer the rest of nation toward tougher limits on car and truck emissions that pollute the air and change the climate.[contextly_sidebar id=”kYiX9Yy6kOaTLV1xzkFzRsqTmkFo9o8n”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt said this week the agency will work with all states, including California, to set new pollution and mileage standards for gas- and diesel-powered vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at California’s unique waiver from federal emissions standards for cars, why it matters to the rest of the country, and what could happen if the Trump administration moves against California’s ability to set its own vehicle-emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the Waiver?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>A combination of climate, geography and a lot of cars and trucks has given California some of the worst smog in the country, especially in the Los Angeles basin and other inland valleys. To fight that, California has regulated vehicle-tailpipe emissions since before 1970, when the EPA and the federal Clean Air Act came into force. Because of that, Congress wrote an exemption into the landmark Clean Air Act: California could seek waivers to set its own limits for pollutants from cars as long as its rules were at least as tough as federal standards. Since then, Democratic and Republican administrations have renewed California’s waiver dozens of times. A Trump administration challenge would revive an abortive 2007 effort by the Bush administration to block California’s power to set its own emissions rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Does the Waiver Matter?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>While California’s waiver is unique, at least 12 other states in the Northeast and elsewhere have chosen to opt into the tougher tailpipe emissions standards that California sets. That means up to 40 percent of cars on the road nationwide follow California’s emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gasoline and diesel exhaust is a main source of pollutants and gases that endanger public health and are changing the climate. California Gov. Jerry Brown, a Democrat, wants to reduce the state’s climate-changing greenhouse-gas emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Receiving continued federal waivers for progressively tougher state emissions standards will be a critical part of that.[contextly_sidebar id=”LLlksREiLTb7Uw9l5MEKa7ouFx7mppmb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the federal and California standards are the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some car manufacturers and conservative groups want the EPA to roll back federal controls on greenhouse-gas emissions from vehicles, arguing for a single emission standard set by the federal government. That makes the question of whether California’s waiver survives still more critical nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens if the Trump Administration Moves Against the Waiver?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>California officials have vowed to fight to preserve the state’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ready to file suit if needed to protect these critical standards and to fight the Administration’s war on our environment,” California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said Monday in a statement. “California didn’t become the sixth-largest economy in the world by spectating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration would have a tough fight legally if it tries to revoke California’s waiver outright, especially since it’s stood for nearly a half-century, said Richard Frank, director of the California Environmental Law and Policy Center at the University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would have “somewhat less of a powerful argument” legally, however, if the Trump administration refuses to renew the waiver the next time the state comes before the EPA with a plan to tighten state emissions rules, Frank said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President George W. Bush’s administration made its own move against California’s unique say on emissions standards in 2007, for the first time denying California its waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before courts could decide the matter conclusively, the Obama administration reversed that waiver denial in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scott Pruitt, administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, turned his sights this week on a nearly half-century-old federal waiver that allows California to pursue its own, tough tailpipe emission standards, and allows other states to opt in to California’s standards rather than federal ones if they choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The waiver has allowed California, the U.S. state with the most people and the biggest economy, to steer the rest of nation toward tougher limits on car and truck emissions that pollute the air and change the climate.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt said this week the agency will work with all states, including California, to set new pollution and mileage standards for gas- and diesel-powered vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at California’s unique waiver from federal emissions standards for cars, why it matters to the rest of the country, and what could happen if the Trump administration moves against California’s ability to set its own vehicle-emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the Waiver?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>A combination of climate, geography and a lot of cars and trucks has given California some of the worst smog in the country, especially in the Los Angeles basin and other inland valleys. To fight that, California has regulated vehicle-tailpipe emissions since before 1970, when the EPA and the federal Clean Air Act came into force. Because of that, Congress wrote an exemption into the landmark Clean Air Act: California could seek waivers to set its own limits for pollutants from cars as long as its rules were at least as tough as federal standards. Since then, Democratic and Republican administrations have renewed California’s waiver dozens of times. A Trump administration challenge would revive an abortive 2007 effort by the Bush administration to block California’s power to set its own emissions rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Does the Waiver Matter?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>While California’s waiver is unique, at least 12 other states in the Northeast and elsewhere have chosen to opt into the tougher tailpipe emissions standards that California sets. That means up to 40 percent of cars on the road nationwide follow California’s emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gasoline and diesel exhaust is a main source of pollutants and gases that endanger public health and are changing the climate. California Gov. Jerry Brown, a Democrat, wants to reduce the state’s climate-changing greenhouse-gas emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Receiving continued federal waivers for progressively tougher state emissions standards will be a critical part of that.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the federal and California standards are the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some car manufacturers and conservative groups want the EPA to roll back federal controls on greenhouse-gas emissions from vehicles, arguing for a single emission standard set by the federal government. That makes the question of whether California’s waiver survives still more critical nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens if the Trump Administration Moves Against the Waiver?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>California officials have vowed to fight to preserve the state’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ready to file suit if needed to protect these critical standards and to fight the Administration’s war on our environment,” California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said Monday in a statement. “California didn’t become the sixth-largest economy in the world by spectating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration would have a tough fight legally if it tries to revoke California’s waiver outright, especially since it’s stood for nearly a half-century, said Richard Frank, director of the California Environmental Law and Policy Center at the University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would have “somewhat less of a powerful argument” legally, however, if the Trump administration refuses to renew the waiver the next time the state comes before the EPA with a plan to tighten state emissions rules, Frank said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President George W. Bush’s administration made its own move against California’s unique say on emissions standards in 2007, for the first time denying California its waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before courts could decide the matter conclusively, the Obama administration reversed that waiver denial in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Since Gov. Jerry Brown called off California’s drought emergency a year ago, we Californians seem to have gotten a little lazy when it comes to water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve started watering our lawns more often. We’re not putting buckets in our showers as much. (In fact, we’re taking longer showers.) And we don’t let yellow mellow — meaning, we flush our pee instead of just letting it sit in the toilet bowl, according to Southern California residents KPCC queried for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It definitely is the messaging,” said Isaiah Leslie of Anaheim Hills, a former yellow-mellower who now flushes after every use. “If we were still in a drought, mandated by the governor, then I think we would still do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these tiny decisions to relax and use a bit more water have added up. Statewide, Californians are using 18 percent more water than at the same time in 2017 — nearly the same amount as before the drought emergency was declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Californians used about 71 gallons per person per day. That’s almost as much as the 74 gallons we were using in January 2013 — a year before California’s drought emergency was declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, we appear to be almost back to our free-wheeling attitudes about water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921985\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1921985 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KPCC reporter Emily Guerin empties her shower bucket on the orange tree in her side yard. She no longer uses the bucket now that the drought has been called off. (Kyle Stokes/KPCC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That trend has taken on added urgency this week — the traditional end of California’s rain and snow season. State water officials use the first week of April to assess the water content in the Sierra Nevada snowpack. Runoff from melting snow provides about a third of California’s freshwater for drinking and agriculture. By the end of the March, electronic sensors indicated the water content in the snowpack was less than 60 percent of average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why did Gov. Brown declare the drought over in the first place?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>It has to do with the historic amount of snow that fell last year in the Sierra. On April 7, 2017, the day Brown issued an executive order calling off the drought emergency, the Sierra snowpack was 164 percent of average. Lake Oroville, the state’s largest reservoir, was completely full — so full that just two months earlier, Oroville dam operators were forced to use the emergency spillway for the first time in its 49-year history. The spillway eroded so much there was concern the dam could breech and flood the town of Oroville downstream. The six-year drought, which had left the Sierra Nevada nearly bare of snow in 2015, was clearly over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did calling off the drought change anything on the ground?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Yes! Gov. Brown’s executive order put an end to mandatory water conservation in California. Since May 2015, the State Water Resources Control Board, an agency that emerged during the drought as California water cop, had been requiring every city and water district to cut its water use by a certain amount. The Water Board relaxed those rules a little bit in May 2016, when cities just had to prove they had enough water to make it through three dry years. But after April 2017, all those requirements went away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did we start using more water after the drought ended?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Oh yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1921983\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-240x134.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-375x209.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-520x290.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full.jpg 946w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"o-article__body\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How come?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake a city like Palmdale, where water use rose 5 percent after the drought was called off compared to the same period in 2016. Palmdale allowed people to water their lawns more often, and backed off on enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to maintain credibility with our customers,” said Dennis LaMoreaux, the general manager of the Palmdale Water District. “And if the state says the drought is over, and if customers don’t see a change in the rules, that kind of undermines the credibility of next time we really need them to save water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities, like Redlands, didn’t change any of its water rules, but officials suspect their customers started to slack off because they’re hearing mixed messages about the need to conserve. Water use during the six months following the end of the drought was up 18 percent compared to the same period in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made the point to them that even though the state has declared the drought over, all the restrictions remain in place for Redlands customers,” said Cecilia Grado, a water resources specialist with the city of Redlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she added, “We can’t compete with the media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does the media have to do with it?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMedia coverage of drought may be critically important in encouraging conservation, according to a 2017 study in \u003cem>Science Advances.\u003c/em> Researchers at Stanford University surveyed nine daily newspapers during two droughts, looking for stories having to do with “California drought,” “water conservation” and similar terms. The first drought occurred during the Great Recession and received relatively little media coverage, where as during the second, beginning in 2012, media coverage was “extraordinarily high.” They found that over a two-month period, an increase in 100 drought-related articles was associated with an 11 to 18 percent reduction in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the media coverage wasn’t happening in a vacuum – reporters were covering changes in rules and regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Political action was being broadcast by the media,” said Newsha Ajami, the head of Urban Water Policy at Stanford University, who co-authored the study. “And then that was impacting people’s behavior. And that was feeding back into more political action, and more media coverage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since Brown called off the drought, media coverage has also dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water issues in California have fallen off that priority list,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Should we all still be cutting back on water?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor Ajami, that depends on what we’re doing with the water we’re using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people were collecting shower water to flush their toilets, I think they should take a break,” she said. “But if we’re using more water outdoors because we want to have lush lawns and green spaces, then that’s not OK. If we’re washing our cars, that’s not OK. We need to be mindful of the fact that this water comes to us through a lot of effort, and also, it’s not an infinite resource.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelena Hartman, a senior scientist at the State Water Resources Control Board, the main challenge is to get Californians to switch from an emergency conservation mindset, with shower buckets and dead grass, into a long-term, water-saving way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means replacing lawns with artificial turf or native plants, fixing leaks, ripping out old toilets and washing machines and putting in more efficient ones instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a state there is a lot of work to be done to move away from those short-term emergency conservation measures to something that can be a permanent change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can we save water in the long-term?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At the state level, the Water Resources Control Board is working on a proposal to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/02/19/80855/state-to-ban-wasteful-uses-of-water-but-it-won-t-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanently ban wasteful uses of water\u003c/a> like watering your lawn until it runs into the street, washing a car without a shut-off nozzle and irrigating street medians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also two bills in the state legislature, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1668&firstNav=tracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1668\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB606&firstNav=tracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 606,\u003c/a> that would clamp down on water use in cities by forcing them to use water more wisely. The bills would set a limit of 55 gallons per person, per day, for indoor use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outdoor use is by far the bigger problem. More than half of all the water used in cities in California is sprinkled on lawns, flowers and ornamental trees. So the two bills would set limits on how much you can use depending on where you live. Cooler, denser cities with smaller lots and multi-family homes, like San Francisco and Santa Monica, would be required to use less water than hotter, more suburban cities with larger homes and yards like Riverside and Redlands. The State Water Board would slowly begin ratcheting up enforcement, with no fines until after the first five years of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about in my city?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Some cities are still doing a lot too! Places like Los Angeles and Redlands never let up on the rules and regulations they had during the drought. Others, like Santa Monica, are passing new, even more ambitious ordinances to keep water use low. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/Departments/OSE/Categories/Water/Water_Neutrality.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Monica’s new water neutrality ordinance\u003c/a>, passed three months after Gov. Brown declared the drought over, requires new developments to use the same amount of water as the building they are replacing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others cities are phasing in “smart meters” that read water use data in real time and allow city staff to quickly detect leaks. In Beverly Hills, water conservation manager Debby Figoni gets a list every day of the biggest water users in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at graphs of their water use, she can tell if they’ve got “continuous flow issues” like leaky pipes, a broken sprinkler or a running toilet. When she calls residents to tell them about the leak, she offers them a rebate on their bill for fixing it – but only if they agree to reduce outdoor water use first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So now, I’ve had this opportunity because of this issue to also educate them on efficient irrigation,” she said. “And that’s very important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some cities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/faces/ladwp/aboutus/a-water/a-w-conservation/a-w-c-landscap?_afrLoop=691427684342227&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=180ktyer6k_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like Los Angeles,\u003c/a> are still offering rebates to remove grass lawns, the largest source of additional rebates, the Metropolitan Water District, has dried up. The agency is voting in April whether to resume the program. However, MWD \u003ca href=\"http://www.bewaterwise.com/pdfs/mwd_rebates.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">does still offers rebates \u003c/a>on low-flow toilets, high-efficiency washers and irrigation controllers. It may boost the amount of those incentives to encourage people to switch them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/04/02/81967/californians-go-back-to-wasting-as-much-water-as-b/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> is part of Elemental: Covering Sustainability, a new multimedia collaboration between Cronkite News, Arizona PBS, KJZZ, KPCC, Rocky Mountain PBS and PBS SoCal.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since Gov. Jerry Brown called off California’s drought emergency a year ago, we Californians seem to have gotten a little lazy when it comes to water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve started watering our lawns more often. We’re not putting buckets in our showers as much. (In fact, we’re taking longer showers.) And we don’t let yellow mellow — meaning, we flush our pee instead of just letting it sit in the toilet bowl, according to Southern California residents KPCC queried for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It definitely is the messaging,” said Isaiah Leslie of Anaheim Hills, a former yellow-mellower who now flushes after every use. “If we were still in a drought, mandated by the governor, then I think we would still do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these tiny decisions to relax and use a bit more water have added up. Statewide, Californians are using 18 percent more water than at the same time in 2017 — nearly the same amount as before the drought emergency was declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Californians used about 71 gallons per person per day. That’s almost as much as the 74 gallons we were using in January 2013 — a year before California’s drought emergency was declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, we appear to be almost back to our free-wheeling attitudes about water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921985\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1921985 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200826-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KPCC reporter Emily Guerin empties her shower bucket on the orange tree in her side yard. She no longer uses the bucket now that the drought has been called off. (Kyle Stokes/KPCC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That trend has taken on added urgency this week — the traditional end of California’s rain and snow season. State water officials use the first week of April to assess the water content in the Sierra Nevada snowpack. Runoff from melting snow provides about a third of California’s freshwater for drinking and agriculture. By the end of the March, electronic sensors indicated the water content in the snowpack was less than 60 percent of average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why did Gov. Brown declare the drought over in the first place?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>It has to do with the historic amount of snow that fell last year in the Sierra. On April 7, 2017, the day Brown issued an executive order calling off the drought emergency, the Sierra snowpack was 164 percent of average. Lake Oroville, the state’s largest reservoir, was completely full — so full that just two months earlier, Oroville dam operators were forced to use the emergency spillway for the first time in its 49-year history. The spillway eroded so much there was concern the dam could breech and flood the town of Oroville downstream. The six-year drought, which had left the Sierra Nevada nearly bare of snow in 2015, was clearly over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did calling off the drought change anything on the ground?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Yes! Gov. Brown’s executive order put an end to mandatory water conservation in California. Since May 2015, the State Water Resources Control Board, an agency that emerged during the drought as California water cop, had been requiring every city and water district to cut its water use by a certain amount. The Water Board relaxed those rules a little bit in May 2016, when cities just had to prove they had enough water to make it through three dry years. But after April 2017, all those requirements went away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did we start using more water after the drought ended?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Oh yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1921983\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-240x134.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-375x209.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full-520x290.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/200824-full.jpg 946w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"o-article__body\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How come?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake a city like Palmdale, where water use rose 5 percent after the drought was called off compared to the same period in 2016. Palmdale allowed people to water their lawns more often, and backed off on enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to maintain credibility with our customers,” said Dennis LaMoreaux, the general manager of the Palmdale Water District. “And if the state says the drought is over, and if customers don’t see a change in the rules, that kind of undermines the credibility of next time we really need them to save water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities, like Redlands, didn’t change any of its water rules, but officials suspect their customers started to slack off because they’re hearing mixed messages about the need to conserve. Water use during the six months following the end of the drought was up 18 percent compared to the same period in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made the point to them that even though the state has declared the drought over, all the restrictions remain in place for Redlands customers,” said Cecilia Grado, a water resources specialist with the city of Redlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she added, “We can’t compete with the media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does the media have to do with it?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMedia coverage of drought may be critically important in encouraging conservation, according to a 2017 study in \u003cem>Science Advances.\u003c/em> Researchers at Stanford University surveyed nine daily newspapers during two droughts, looking for stories having to do with “California drought,” “water conservation” and similar terms. The first drought occurred during the Great Recession and received relatively little media coverage, where as during the second, beginning in 2012, media coverage was “extraordinarily high.” They found that over a two-month period, an increase in 100 drought-related articles was associated with an 11 to 18 percent reduction in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the media coverage wasn’t happening in a vacuum – reporters were covering changes in rules and regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Political action was being broadcast by the media,” said Newsha Ajami, the head of Urban Water Policy at Stanford University, who co-authored the study. “And then that was impacting people’s behavior. And that was feeding back into more political action, and more media coverage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since Brown called off the drought, media coverage has also dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water issues in California have fallen off that priority list,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Should we all still be cutting back on water?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor Ajami, that depends on what we’re doing with the water we’re using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people were collecting shower water to flush their toilets, I think they should take a break,” she said. “But if we’re using more water outdoors because we want to have lush lawns and green spaces, then that’s not OK. If we’re washing our cars, that’s not OK. We need to be mindful of the fact that this water comes to us through a lot of effort, and also, it’s not an infinite resource.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelena Hartman, a senior scientist at the State Water Resources Control Board, the main challenge is to get Californians to switch from an emergency conservation mindset, with shower buckets and dead grass, into a long-term, water-saving way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means replacing lawns with artificial turf or native plants, fixing leaks, ripping out old toilets and washing machines and putting in more efficient ones instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a state there is a lot of work to be done to move away from those short-term emergency conservation measures to something that can be a permanent change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can we save water in the long-term?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At the state level, the Water Resources Control Board is working on a proposal to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/02/19/80855/state-to-ban-wasteful-uses-of-water-but-it-won-t-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanently ban wasteful uses of water\u003c/a> like watering your lawn until it runs into the street, washing a car without a shut-off nozzle and irrigating street medians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also two bills in the state legislature, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1668&firstNav=tracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1668\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB606&firstNav=tracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 606,\u003c/a> that would clamp down on water use in cities by forcing them to use water more wisely. The bills would set a limit of 55 gallons per person, per day, for indoor use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outdoor use is by far the bigger problem. More than half of all the water used in cities in California is sprinkled on lawns, flowers and ornamental trees. So the two bills would set limits on how much you can use depending on where you live. Cooler, denser cities with smaller lots and multi-family homes, like San Francisco and Santa Monica, would be required to use less water than hotter, more suburban cities with larger homes and yards like Riverside and Redlands. The State Water Board would slowly begin ratcheting up enforcement, with no fines until after the first five years of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about in my city?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Some cities are still doing a lot too! Places like Los Angeles and Redlands never let up on the rules and regulations they had during the drought. Others, like Santa Monica, are passing new, even more ambitious ordinances to keep water use low. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/Departments/OSE/Categories/Water/Water_Neutrality.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Monica’s new water neutrality ordinance\u003c/a>, passed three months after Gov. Brown declared the drought over, requires new developments to use the same amount of water as the building they are replacing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others cities are phasing in “smart meters” that read water use data in real time and allow city staff to quickly detect leaks. In Beverly Hills, water conservation manager Debby Figoni gets a list every day of the biggest water users in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at graphs of their water use, she can tell if they’ve got “continuous flow issues” like leaky pipes, a broken sprinkler or a running toilet. When she calls residents to tell them about the leak, she offers them a rebate on their bill for fixing it – but only if they agree to reduce outdoor water use first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So now, I’ve had this opportunity because of this issue to also educate them on efficient irrigation,” she said. “And that’s very important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some cities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/faces/ladwp/aboutus/a-water/a-w-conservation/a-w-c-landscap?_afrLoop=691427684342227&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=180ktyer6k_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like Los Angeles,\u003c/a> are still offering rebates to remove grass lawns, the largest source of additional rebates, the Metropolitan Water District, has dried up. The agency is voting in April whether to resume the program. However, MWD \u003ca href=\"http://www.bewaterwise.com/pdfs/mwd_rebates.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">does still offers rebates \u003c/a>on low-flow toilets, high-efficiency washers and irrigation controllers. It may boost the amount of those incentives to encourage people to switch them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/04/02/81967/californians-go-back-to-wasting-as-much-water-as-b/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> is part of Elemental: Covering Sustainability, a new multimedia collaboration between Cronkite News, Arizona PBS, KJZZ, KPCC, Rocky Mountain PBS and PBS SoCal.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump Administration today \u003ca href=\"http://createsend.com/t/d-4AC988BD1868DDC72540EF23F30FEDED\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moved to weaken fuel economy standards\u003c/a> for automobiles, saying the current ones are inappropriate and wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-anticipated move is a win for auto manufacturers, which had lobbied for lower fuel-economy standards. It’s also a rejection of one of former President Barack Obama’s biggest efforts to combat climate change by curbing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”QfUGaDbIHqcY1JRkHpkaOE16MgcR5n0o”]In making the announcement, Scott Pruitt, head of the Environmental Protection Agency, accused Obama of making incorrect assumptions when setting the standards, which led to them being set “too high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration, working with California, aimed to nearly double the fleet wide average fuel economy for passenger cars and SUVs to more than 50 miles per gallon by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automobile emissions and transportation are \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of the largest sources\u003c/a> of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt’s EPA is abandoning those goals and says it will work with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to set more appropriate standards at a later date.[contextly_sidebar id=”IXBWYDYsS0Q8BSuLFcqAU1VGIKondheQ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move puts the Trump administration on the path toward another legal showdown with California, which has said that it will keep the stricter air standards in place. The state has a federal waiver under the Clean Air Act that allows it to set \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/03/26/521590802/in-conflict-with-trump-agenda-california-sets-stricter-auto-emissions-standards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its own standards for vehicle emissions\u003c/a>. Twelve other states follow California’s lead, and together they account for a third of all car sales in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a politically motivated effort to weaken clean vehicle standards with no documentation, evidence or law to back up that decision,” said Mary Nichols, chair of the California Air Resources Board, in a statement. She accused EPA of aiming to “demolish the nation’s clean car program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, the federal government and California work together to set shared auto emissions and fuel economy standards. Car manufacturers want uniformity nationwide, so they’re not having to build different types of vehicles for consumers in different states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”g2CCVDMEc35bEmI6e9k1QYuI0D829yIx”]But the Trump administration and California are at odds on a number of issues, and it’s unclear if either side would be willing to make a concession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cooperative federalism doesn’t mean that one state can dictate standards for the rest of the country,” Pruitt said in a statement. “It’s in everyone’s best interest to have a national standard, and we look forward to working with all states, including California, as we work to finalize that standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement said California’s environmental waiver “is still being reexamined by EPA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown also criticized the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This cynical and meretricious abuse of power will poison our air and jeopardize the health of all Americans,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any split in the nation’s car market would be troublesome for auto manufacturers, which had lobbied the Trump administration to lower the standards. They argued that with low gas prices, consumers are buying more larger vehicles — SUV’s and pickup trucks — making the push for fuel-efficient electric vehicles and hybrids a costly burden. Lowering the fuel economy standards, they said, would give them more flexibility to meet consumer demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Caldwell, executive director of industry analysis at the automotive website Edmunds, said in a statement that flexibility will come with a cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unfortunate reality is that this decision comes with a logistical nightmare in the short term,” she said. If states divide into a patchwork of competing fuel economy standards, while a long court battle drags out, “it puts automakers in a very challenging scenario from a product development perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Moves+To+Weaken+Landmark+Fuel+Efficiency+Rules&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump Administration today \u003ca href=\"http://createsend.com/t/d-4AC988BD1868DDC72540EF23F30FEDED\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moved to weaken fuel economy standards\u003c/a> for automobiles, saying the current ones are inappropriate and wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-anticipated move is a win for auto manufacturers, which had lobbied for lower fuel-economy standards. It’s also a rejection of one of former President Barack Obama’s biggest efforts to combat climate change by curbing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In making the announcement, Scott Pruitt, head of the Environmental Protection Agency, accused Obama of making incorrect assumptions when setting the standards, which led to them being set “too high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration, working with California, aimed to nearly double the fleet wide average fuel economy for passenger cars and SUVs to more than 50 miles per gallon by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automobile emissions and transportation are \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of the largest sources\u003c/a> of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt’s EPA is abandoning those goals and says it will work with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to set more appropriate standards at a later date.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move puts the Trump administration on the path toward another legal showdown with California, which has said that it will keep the stricter air standards in place. The state has a federal waiver under the Clean Air Act that allows it to set \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/03/26/521590802/in-conflict-with-trump-agenda-california-sets-stricter-auto-emissions-standards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its own standards for vehicle emissions\u003c/a>. Twelve other states follow California’s lead, and together they account for a third of all car sales in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a politically motivated effort to weaken clean vehicle standards with no documentation, evidence or law to back up that decision,” said Mary Nichols, chair of the California Air Resources Board, in a statement. She accused EPA of aiming to “demolish the nation’s clean car program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, the federal government and California work together to set shared auto emissions and fuel economy standards. Car manufacturers want uniformity nationwide, so they’re not having to build different types of vehicles for consumers in different states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But the Trump administration and California are at odds on a number of issues, and it’s unclear if either side would be willing to make a concession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cooperative federalism doesn’t mean that one state can dictate standards for the rest of the country,” Pruitt said in a statement. “It’s in everyone’s best interest to have a national standard, and we look forward to working with all states, including California, as we work to finalize that standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement said California’s environmental waiver “is still being reexamined by EPA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown also criticized the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This cynical and meretricious abuse of power will poison our air and jeopardize the health of all Americans,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any split in the nation’s car market would be troublesome for auto manufacturers, which had lobbied the Trump administration to lower the standards. They argued that with low gas prices, consumers are buying more larger vehicles — SUV’s and pickup trucks — making the push for fuel-efficient electric vehicles and hybrids a costly burden. Lowering the fuel economy standards, they said, would give them more flexibility to meet consumer demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Caldwell, executive director of industry analysis at the automotive website Edmunds, said in a statement that flexibility will come with a cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unfortunate reality is that this decision comes with a logistical nightmare in the short term,” she said. If states divide into a patchwork of competing fuel economy standards, while a long court battle drags out, “it puts automakers in a very challenging scenario from a product development perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Moves+To+Weaken+Landmark+Fuel+Efficiency+Rules&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "EPA Rejects Fuel Efficiency Standards, Signals Fight With California",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914261\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1914261 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"When this photo was taken in 2009, self-driving cars seemed a distant promise. Now they're becoming a new challenge for highway engineers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California leaders vow a fight to preserve the state’s strict tailpipe emissions limits. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003ca href=\"http://createsend.com/t/d-4AC988BD1868DDC72540EF23F30FEDED\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> announced \u003c/a>on Monday that it has rejected an Obama-era plan to cut tailpipe emissions for cars and light trucks. The statement also signaled an oncoming legal battle over California’s own stricter emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is in America’s best interest to have a national standard,” said EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt. “Cooperative federalism doesn’t mean that one state can dictate standards for the rest of the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, California officials immediately fired off condemnations of the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Watch out for this belated April Fools’ Day trick,” said Governor Jerry Brown in a statement. “This cynical and meretricious abuse of power will poison our air and jeopardize the health of all Americans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols noted that the decision changes nothing in California and the 12 other states with strong emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision takes the U.S. auto industry backward,” she said in a statement, “and we will vigorously defend the existing clean vehicle standards and fight to preserve one national clean vehicle program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA said it completed a review that will affect vehicles for model years 2022-2025 but it did not specify details on new standards, which it said would be forthcoming. Current regulations from the EPA require the fleet of new vehicles to get 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving by 2025. That’s about 10 mpg over the existing standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to dismantle environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruit said that the Obama administration cut the rule-making process short for political expediency and “made assumptions about the standards that didn’t comport with reality, and set the standards too high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Obama Administration’s determination was wrong,” said Pruitt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automakers \u003ca href=\"https://autoalliance.org/2018/04/02/auto-alliance-statement-response-epas-announcement-midterm-review-fuel-economy-ghg-program/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">applauded\u003c/a> the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the right decision, and we support the Administration for pursuing a data-driven effort and a single national program as it works to finalize future standards,” said Gloria Bergquist, vice president, communications and public affairs for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision takes the U.S. auto industry backward,” she said in a statement, “and we will vigorously defend the existing clean vehicle standards and fight to preserve one national clean vehicle program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA said it completed a review that will affect vehicles for model years 2022-2025 but it did not specify details on new standards, which it said would be forthcoming. Current regulations from the EPA require the fleet of new vehicles to get 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving by 2025. That’s about 10 mpg over the existing standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to dismantle environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruit said that the Obama administration cut the rule-making process short for political expediency and “made assumptions about the standards that didn’t comport with reality, and set the standards too high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Obama Administration’s determination was wrong,” said Pruitt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automakers \u003ca href=\"https://autoalliance.org/2018/04/02/auto-alliance-statement-response-epas-announcement-midterm-review-fuel-economy-ghg-program/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">applauded\u003c/a> the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the right decision, and we support the Administration for pursuing a data-driven effort and a single national program as it works to finalize future standards,” said Gloria Bergquist, vice president, communications and public affairs for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Sierra Snowpack Still Skimpy After March Storms",
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"content": "\u003cp>The fifth most productive March on record for snow wasn’t enough to make up for disappointing precipitation throughout the key months of December, January and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading into the April measurement of the Sierra Nevada snowpack, water content \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/swccond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stood at more than 40 percent\u003c/a> below normal. It’s just 57 percent of the long-term average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A system lining up in the Pacific could bring in a late-season bonus of snowfall later this week, but at this point there’s little that could save this from being a dry water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=1b51f6ee-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Climatologist Michael Anderson tried to put the best face on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not too little, too late, but…helpful. But not enough,” is the way he described the month of March following a symposium on — ironically enough — extreme precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says there’s a temperature sweet spot for winter storms that deliver snow with the highest water content, which is really what matters. Too cold and the storm can’t hold sufficient water vapor, too warm and the snow line (the elevation where rain turns to snow) gets pushed higher up the hill, causing more precipitation to fall as rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=4d668f0a-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the warmer storms and the higher-elevation snow lines, you don’t have enough time with the cold air to build that pack,” Anderson explains. This winter, he says, we just didn’t hit the sweet spot often enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even this year’s disappointing pack beats by a long shot the same date in 2015, when the snowpack clocked in at 5 percent of normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s official survey of the snowpack is significant, as April 1 is considered the peak of the snow season, before accumulated snows begin to melt and become runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=7aca0b98-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen the bulk of our precipitation,” Anderson says, pointing out that 90 percent of a typical year’s precipitation falls between October 1 and April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack provides about a third of California’s water supply. Last year’s abundant rain and snow left many of the state’s largest reservoirs brimming. That “carryover” should stave off another drought emergency this summer, but it means Californians will count that much more heavily on next year’s wet season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really that look ahead of, ‘What does next year bring,'” says Anderson, “and this kind of year brings that to the forefront.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Before and after: thank goodness for March. Check out the images in this post to see how one month helped plump up the snowpack.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The fifth most productive March on record for snow wasn’t enough to make up for disappointing precipitation throughout the key months of December, January and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading into the April measurement of the Sierra Nevada snowpack, water content \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/swccond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stood at more than 40 percent\u003c/a> below normal. It’s just 57 percent of the long-term average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A system lining up in the Pacific could bring in a late-season bonus of snowfall later this week, but at this point there’s little that could save this from being a dry water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=1b51f6ee-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Climatologist Michael Anderson tried to put the best face on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not too little, too late, but…helpful. But not enough,” is the way he described the month of March following a symposium on — ironically enough — extreme precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says there’s a temperature sweet spot for winter storms that deliver snow with the highest water content, which is really what matters. Too cold and the storm can’t hold sufficient water vapor, too warm and the snow line (the elevation where rain turns to snow) gets pushed higher up the hill, causing more precipitation to fall as rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=4d668f0a-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the warmer storms and the higher-elevation snow lines, you don’t have enough time with the cold air to build that pack,” Anderson explains. This winter, he says, we just didn’t hit the sweet spot often enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even this year’s disappointing pack beats by a long shot the same date in 2015, when the snowpack clocked in at 5 percent of normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s official survey of the snowpack is significant, as April 1 is considered the peak of the snow season, before accumulated snows begin to melt and become runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=7aca0b98-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen the bulk of our precipitation,” Anderson says, pointing out that 90 percent of a typical year’s precipitation falls between October 1 and April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack provides about a third of California’s water supply. Last year’s abundant rain and snow left many of the state’s largest reservoirs brimming. That “carryover” should stave off another drought emergency this summer, but it means Californians will count that much more heavily on next year’s wet season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really that look ahead of, ‘What does next year bring,'” says Anderson, “and this kind of year brings that to the forefront.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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