window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_1927785": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927785",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927785",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927783,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766.jpg",
"width": 5744,
"height": 3826
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-1020x679.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 679
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-1200x799.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 799
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-1920x1279.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1279
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-1920x1279.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1279
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS23387_GettyImages-591066766-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1532370156,
"modified": 1532370215,
"caption": "A firefighter battles the Blue Cut wildfire burning north of San Bernardino, California on August 16, 2016. \n",
"description": null,
"title": "US-WEATHER-FIRES-CALIFORNIA",
"credit": "Ringo Chiu/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927754": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927754",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927754",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927752,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394.jpg",
"width": 3888,
"height": 2592
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-84770394-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1532357763,
"modified": 1532357839,
"caption": "Wild horses in Mesa Verde, Colorado. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Mesa Verde National Park",
"credit": "Doug Pensinger/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927246": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927246",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927246",
"found": true
},
"title": "New Emissions Controls Seek To Ease Pollution At LA-Area Ports",
"publishDate": 1531347187,
"status": "inherit",
"parent": 1927220,
"modified": 1758301134,
"caption": "A truck carries a shipping container past an oil refinery at the ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles on July 6, 2006, in Long Beach, California.",
"credit": "David McNew/Getty Images",
"altTag": null,
"description": null,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"height": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"height": 787,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"height": 640,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"height": 250,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"height": 347,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"height": 787,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"height": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-71394652-e1758301123123.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
},
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927669": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927669",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927669",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927666,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1.jpg",
"width": 1280,
"height": 960
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-1200x900.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 900
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1532037428,
"modified": 1532037463,
"caption": "An aerial view of Copco 1 Dam on the Klamath River in California. It is one of four dams scheduled to be removed as part of the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement.",
"description": null,
"title": "Copco-No.-1_Credit-Michael-Wier1",
"credit": "Michael Wier / CalTrout",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927655": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927655",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927655",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927637,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 2000
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-55823572-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1532033377,
"modified": 1532033451,
"caption": "Night falls on the community of Discovery Bay, September 28, 2005. \n",
"description": null,
"title": "GettyImages-55823572",
"credit": "David McNew/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927344": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927344",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927344",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927312,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-520x325.jpeg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 325
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-1038x576.jpeg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-160x100.jpeg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 100
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-960x600.jpeg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-672x372.jpeg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-375x234.jpeg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 234
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic.jpeg",
"width": 2553,
"height": 1596
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-1020x638.jpeg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 638
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-1180x738.jpeg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 738
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-1200x750.jpeg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 750
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-50x50.jpeg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-96x96.jpeg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-800x500.jpeg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 500
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-64x64.jpeg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-32x32.jpeg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-1920x1200.jpeg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1200
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-1180x738.jpeg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 738
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-1920x1200.jpeg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1200
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-150x150.jpeg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-768x480.jpeg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 480
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-128x128.jpeg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Pic-240x150.jpeg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
}
},
"publishDate": 1531498412,
"modified": 1531498458,
"caption": "An otter mother and her pup.",
"description": null,
"title": "Otter_Pic",
"credit": "Heather Barrett",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927538": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927538",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927538",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927537,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4.jpg",
"width": 4376,
"height": 3280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-1180x884.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 884
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-1200x899.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 899
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-1920x1439.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1439
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-1180x884.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 884
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-1920x1439.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1439
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/gettyimages-155055611-cce0b1f8c479bdfcccdb31068a71c640b69660e4-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1531855041,
"modified": 1531856195,
"caption": "Verizon crews pump water from an access tunnel in Manhattan in 2012 after flooding from Superstorm Sandy knocked out underground Internet cables.",
"description": "Verizon crews pump water from an access tunnel in Manhattan in 2012 after flooding from Superstorm Sandy knocked out underground Internet cables.",
"title": "Verizon crews pump water from an access tunnel in Manhattan in 2012 after flooding from Superstorm Sandy knocked out underground Internet cables.",
"credit": "Stan Honda/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1865946": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1865946",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1865946",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1865833,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240.jpg",
"width": 2120,
"height": 1414
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/iStock-636808240-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1500571151,
"modified": 1531501145,
"caption": "Arctic Icebergs Greenland in the arctic sea. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Arctic Icebergs Greenland in the arctic sea.",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927323": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927323",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927323",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927315,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004.jpg",
"width": 6016,
"height": 4016
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-1020x681.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 681
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-1200x801.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 801
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-1920x1282.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1282
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-1920x1282.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1282
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-768x513.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 513
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/RS31306_ELECTRICGRID_004-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1531438090,
"modified": 1531438110,
"caption": "The \"electric grid\" in Bernal Heights. ",
"description": null,
"title": "ELECTRIC GRID",
"credit": "Lauren Hanussak/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1926819": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1926819",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1926819",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1926817,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-520x325.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 325
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-160x100.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 100
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-960x600.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-375x234.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 234
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1.jpg",
"width": 1140,
"height": 712
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-1020x637.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 637
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-800x500.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 500
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-768x480.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 480
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/SacRCourtlandAerial1-240x150.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
}
},
"publishDate": 1530607676,
"modified": 1530607696,
"caption": "A bend in the Sacramento River near Courtland, California, where one of three new intakes is proposed for the state’s huge water diversion tunnel project.",
"description": "A bend in the Sacramento River near Courtland, California, where one of three new intakes is proposed for the state’s huge water diversion tunnel project.Randall Benton, Sacramento Bee",
"title": "SacRCourtlandAerial1",
"credit": "Randall Benton/Sacramento Bee",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927069": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927069",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927069",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927059,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-520x334.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 334
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-160x103.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 103
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-960x617.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 617
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-375x241.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 241
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 1928
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-1020x656.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 656
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-1180x758.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 758
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-1200x771.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 771
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-800x514.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 514
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-1920x1234.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1234
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-1180x758.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 758
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-1920x1234.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1234
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-768x494.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 494
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-873788996-1-240x154.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 154
}
},
"publishDate": 1531161732,
"modified": 1531161839,
"caption": "Following the deadly and destructive Northern California wildfires, crews worked to clear debris from homes that were destroyed. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Work Crews Continue To Clean Up Neighborhoods Devastated By Last Month's Wild Fires",
"credit": "Justin Sullivan/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_1927783": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1927783",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1927783",
"name": "KQED Newsroom",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1927752": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1927752",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1927752",
"name": "Julian Hattem\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1927689": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1927689",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1927689",
"name": "The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1927666": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1927666",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1927666",
"name": "Tara Lohan\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1927537": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1927537",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1927537",
"name": "Rebecca Hersher, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1927346": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1927346",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1927346",
"name": "The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1927315": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1927315",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1927315",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>,\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1927211": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1927211",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1927211",
"name": "The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"aahmed": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11428",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11428",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amel Ahmed",
"firstName": "Amel",
"lastName": "Ahmed",
"slug": "aahmed",
"email": "aahmed@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "amelscript",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amel Ahmed | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aahmed"
},
"aheidt": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11520",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11520",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amanda Heidt",
"firstName": "Amanda",
"lastName": "Heidt",
"slug": "aheidt",
"email": "aheidt@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amanda Heidt was the 2018 Dr. Allen Fuhs KQED-CSUMB Fellow at KQED Science. Amanda came to KQED from Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, where her masters research uses molecular techniques to describe communities of meiofauna, small invertebrates living between grains of sand. She has a background in education, outreach, and science communication, fostered by a recent position with the Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions. She has a BS in Marine Science and a minor in Chemistry from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her interests include climbing, diving, camping, baking, and reading. Find her on Twitter and Instagram @Scatter_Cushion.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e646090632bd7fef75fff4616269ff8c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "Scatter_Cushion",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amanda Heidt | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e646090632bd7fef75fff4616269ff8c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e646090632bd7fef75fff4616269ff8c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aheidt"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_climate": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"score": 11.058992
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Climate",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 73
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=climate",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 73
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_1927783": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927783",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927783",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1532378707000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1532378707,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Video: How Climate Change Is Wreaking Havoc on California",
"headTitle": "Video: How Climate Change Is Wreaking Havoc on California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tla4E8-DGRs?start=1225]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller talks with Newsroom host Thuy Vu about the early start to this year’s fire season, and its connections to higher nighttime temperatures and climate change. They also discuss recent attempts by U.S. cities to sue fossil fuel companies for the costs of climate change impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists are already noting a shrinkage of the Sierra snowpack and the transition line between rain and snow moving uphill,” says Miller. “Then there’s the massive tree die-off in the Sierra and reduced flows in rivers and streams — both driven by drought, down to an extended fire season and all the way to the coast, where rising seas are causing cliff erosion and high-tide flooding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given this reality, Miller says that California is probably experiencing “a wider range of climate effects than any other state in the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 165,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 6
},
"modified": 1704927667,
"excerpt": "In an interview on KQED's Newsroom, Science Editor Craig Miller says California is seeing a wider range of climate effects than any other state. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In an interview on KQED's Newsroom, Science Editor Craig Miller says California is seeing a wider range of climate effects than any other state. ",
"title": "Video: How Climate Change Is Wreaking Havoc on California | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Video: How Climate Change Is Wreaking Havoc on California",
"datePublished": "2018-07-23T13:45:07-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:07-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "video-how-climate-change-is-wreaking-havoc-on-california",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "KQED Newsroom",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Change",
"path": "/science/1927783/video-how-climate-change-is-wreaking-havoc-on-california",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/tla4E8-DGRs?start=1225'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/tla4E8-DGRs?start=1225'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller talks with Newsroom host Thuy Vu about the early start to this year’s fire season, and its connections to higher nighttime temperatures and climate change. They also discuss recent attempts by U.S. cities to sue fossil fuel companies for the costs of climate change impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists are already noting a shrinkage of the Sierra snowpack and the transition line between rain and snow moving uphill,” says Miller. “Then there’s the massive tree die-off in the Sierra and reduced flows in rivers and streams — both driven by drought, down to an extended fire season and all the way to the coast, where rising seas are causing cliff erosion and high-tide flooding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given this reality, Miller says that California is probably experiencing “a wider range of climate effects than any other state in the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927783/video-how-climate-change-is-wreaking-havoc-on-california",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1927783"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_572",
"science_192",
"science_206",
"science_1462"
],
"featImg": "science_1927785",
"label": "source_science_1927783"
},
"science_1927752": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927752",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927752",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1532358040000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1532358040,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Drought Forces Emergency Measures for West’s Wild Horses",
"headTitle": "Drought Forces Emergency Measures for West’s Wild Horses | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Harsh drought conditions in parts of the American West are pushing wild horses to the brink and spurring extreme measures to protect them.[contextly_sidebar id=”379rul4CCWTTtfuuUOOat8RYjrQXPtgj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For what they say is the first time, volunteer groups in Arizona and Colorado are hauling thousands of gallons of water and truckloads of food to remote grazing grounds where springs have run dry and vegetation has disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal land managers also have begun emergency roundups in desert areas of Utah and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen it like this,” said Simone Netherlands, president of the Arizona-based Salt River Wild Horse Management Group. In May, dozens of horses were found dead on the edge of a dried-up watering hole in northeastern Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As spring turned to summer, drought conditions turned from bad to worse, Netherlands said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico are under the most severe category of drought, though extreme conditions are present from California to Missouri, government analysts say. Parts of the region have witnessed some of the driest conditions on record, amid a cycle of high temperatures and low snowmelt that appears to be getting worse, National Weather Service hydrologist Brian McInerney said.[contextly_sidebar id=”Y0Z2soLZvO63Ov2YyYfy3w0v3pk23Gme”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dry conditions have fed wildfires that have destroyed hundreds of buildings across the West. This month, a firefighter was killed battling a blaze near California’s Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Bureau of Land Management — which oversees vast expanses of public land, mostly in the West — says the problem facing wild horses stems from overpopulation aggravated by severe drought. The region is home to roughly 67,000 wild horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re always going to have drought issues. That’s a common thing out on the range,” agency spokesman Jason Lutterman said. “What really exacerbates things is when we’re already over population, because then you already have resource issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s emergency roundup in western Utah began a week ago, aiming to remove roughly 250 wild horses from a population of approximately 670. The operation is expected to take several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the horses are rounded up, the government gives them veterinary treatment and offers them for sale or adoption. Those that aren’t sold or adopted are transferred to privately contracted corrals and pastures for the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>A similar emergency roundup began this month in central Nevada, where officials said some horses in a herd of 2,100 could die from lack of water in coming weeks. The operation was quickly halted, ironically because of extreme rain, but will likely resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ground’s so dry it’s not absorbing that water. It’s running off,” bureau spokeswoman Jenny Lesieutre said.[contextly_sidebar id=”YPNMW5lsM9BqOp0ptXpDFtGygxdwavxH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers are also taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since late spring, Netherlands’s Salt River group has hauled hay to a dozen locations outside Phoenix to feed a herd of starving wild horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 200 miles (320 kilometers) north, a couple near Gray Mountain, on the Navajo Nation, have spearheaded an effort to leave water and food for horses they say would die without human intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In western Colorado, volunteers say they’re preparing to bring up to 5,000 gallons (18,900 liters) of water per day to a herd of 750 desperate horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Springs are drying up that have never dried up,” said Cindy Wright, co-founder of Colorado conservation group Wild Horse Warriors for Sand Wash Basin. Horses in the area stalk the dry earth with their ribs exposed, desperate for a drop, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild horse advocates have balked at the Bureau of Land Management’s insistence that wild horse populations are too high. Critics say the agency is using dry conditions as a smoke screen to shrink horse populations in response to pressure from ranchers whose livestock compete with the horses for grazing land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do have a concern about the larger numbers that they’re pulling off, and then a bigger concern about the BLM under this administration using all kinds of excuses to pull off horses,” said Suzanne Roy, executive director of the American Wild Horse Campaign, an advocacy organization.[contextly_sidebar id=”pEcEtyv2A4p8aGKApOSfyflGrNFhsQZC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is prohibited from euthanizing the wild horses it rounds up, though President Donald Trump has proposed allowing the animals to be killed or sold for slaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists in Nevada held a rally last Tuesday at the bureau’s state headquarters in Reno to protest a planned roundup later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics want the government to instead use birth control to manage wild horse populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau says the fertility treatment, which must be administered yearly and fired from a dart gun at close range, is too difficult for use except in certain cases where herds are easy to approach and have markings that make horses distinguishable from one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the long-term answer, volunteers say their efforts can’t go on forever. Trucking in water and food could cost several thousand dollars per month and make horses overly dependent on humans, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t have a very good fall with a lot of rain — and it’s also warm so that our fall vegetation grows — we’re going to lose horses,” Wright said.\u003cbr>\n___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writers Felicia Fonseca in Flagstaff, Arizona, and Scott Sonner in Reno, Nevada, contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_34814 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_34814\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_34814\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 930,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 29
},
"modified": 1704927669,
"excerpt": "Volunteer groups in Arizona and Colorado are hauling thousands of gallons of water and truckloads of food",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Volunteer groups in Arizona and Colorado are hauling thousands of gallons of water and truckloads of food",
"title": "Drought Forces Emergency Measures for West’s Wild Horses | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Drought Forces Emergency Measures for West’s Wild Horses",
"datePublished": "2018-07-23T08:00:40-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "drought-forces-emergency-measures-for-wests-wild-horses",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Julian Hattem\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1927752/drought-forces-emergency-measures-for-wests-wild-horses",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Harsh drought conditions in parts of the American West are pushing wild horses to the brink and spurring extreme measures to protect them.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For what they say is the first time, volunteer groups in Arizona and Colorado are hauling thousands of gallons of water and truckloads of food to remote grazing grounds where springs have run dry and vegetation has disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal land managers also have begun emergency roundups in desert areas of Utah and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen it like this,” said Simone Netherlands, president of the Arizona-based Salt River Wild Horse Management Group. In May, dozens of horses were found dead on the edge of a dried-up watering hole in northeastern Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As spring turned to summer, drought conditions turned from bad to worse, Netherlands said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico are under the most severe category of drought, though extreme conditions are present from California to Missouri, government analysts say. Parts of the region have witnessed some of the driest conditions on record, amid a cycle of high temperatures and low snowmelt that appears to be getting worse, National Weather Service hydrologist Brian McInerney said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dry conditions have fed wildfires that have destroyed hundreds of buildings across the West. This month, a firefighter was killed battling a blaze near California’s Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Bureau of Land Management — which oversees vast expanses of public land, mostly in the West — says the problem facing wild horses stems from overpopulation aggravated by severe drought. The region is home to roughly 67,000 wild horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re always going to have drought issues. That’s a common thing out on the range,” agency spokesman Jason Lutterman said. “What really exacerbates things is when we’re already over population, because then you already have resource issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s emergency roundup in western Utah began a week ago, aiming to remove roughly 250 wild horses from a population of approximately 670. The operation is expected to take several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the horses are rounded up, the government gives them veterinary treatment and offers them for sale or adoption. Those that aren’t sold or adopted are transferred to privately contracted corrals and pastures for the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>A similar emergency roundup began this month in central Nevada, where officials said some horses in a herd of 2,100 could die from lack of water in coming weeks. The operation was quickly halted, ironically because of extreme rain, but will likely resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ground’s so dry it’s not absorbing that water. It’s running off,” bureau spokeswoman Jenny Lesieutre said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers are also taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since late spring, Netherlands’s Salt River group has hauled hay to a dozen locations outside Phoenix to feed a herd of starving wild horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 200 miles (320 kilometers) north, a couple near Gray Mountain, on the Navajo Nation, have spearheaded an effort to leave water and food for horses they say would die without human intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In western Colorado, volunteers say they’re preparing to bring up to 5,000 gallons (18,900 liters) of water per day to a herd of 750 desperate horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Springs are drying up that have never dried up,” said Cindy Wright, co-founder of Colorado conservation group Wild Horse Warriors for Sand Wash Basin. Horses in the area stalk the dry earth with their ribs exposed, desperate for a drop, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild horse advocates have balked at the Bureau of Land Management’s insistence that wild horse populations are too high. Critics say the agency is using dry conditions as a smoke screen to shrink horse populations in response to pressure from ranchers whose livestock compete with the horses for grazing land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do have a concern about the larger numbers that they’re pulling off, and then a bigger concern about the BLM under this administration using all kinds of excuses to pull off horses,” said Suzanne Roy, executive director of the American Wild Horse Campaign, an advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is prohibited from euthanizing the wild horses it rounds up, though President Donald Trump has proposed allowing the animals to be killed or sold for slaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists in Nevada held a rally last Tuesday at the bureau’s state headquarters in Reno to protest a planned roundup later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics want the government to instead use birth control to manage wild horse populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau says the fertility treatment, which must be administered yearly and fired from a dart gun at close range, is too difficult for use except in certain cases where herds are easy to approach and have markings that make horses distinguishable from one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the long-term answer, volunteers say their efforts can’t go on forever. Trucking in water and food could cost several thousand dollars per month and make horses overly dependent on humans, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t have a very good fall with a lot of rain — and it’s also warm so that our fall vegetation grows — we’re going to lose horses,” Wright said.\u003cbr>\n___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writers Felicia Fonseca in Flagstaff, Arizona, and Scott Sonner in Reno, Nevada, contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_34814 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_34814\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_34814\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927752/drought-forces-emergency-measures-for-wests-wild-horses",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1927752"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1120",
"science_572",
"science_192",
"science_507"
],
"featImg": "science_1927754",
"label": "source_science_1927752"
},
"science_1927689": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927689",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927689",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1532105645000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1532105645,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Sues Over Trump Halt to Truck Pollution Rule",
"headTitle": "California Sues Over Trump Halt to Truck Pollution Rule | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv id=\"articleContent\" class=\"articleContent\">\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>California and 14 other states sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Thursday over its decision to suspend an Obama-era rule aimed at limiting pollution from trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The July 6 decision by the Trump EPA was illegal and could put thousands of additional highly polluting trucks on the roads, the states and the District of Columbia said in the lawsuit filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA said it does not comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule at issue limited production of heavy-duty freight trucks outfitted with older engines that don’t meet today’s emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EPA official said in a memo that the suspension was in the public interest to avoid disruption to small businesses that make the trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former EPA Chief Scott Pruitt had called the Obama administration’s ban on the dirtier truck engines an example of regulatory overreach that “threatened to put an entire industry of specialized truck manufacturers out of business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration said pollution from the retrofitted trucks could lead to 1,600 early deaths each year.[contextly_sidebar id=”01NjmQu5GrOV4eJMPCXbLXtjqCh3O5td”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As EPA administrator, Scott Pruitt’s job was to act as out country’s chief environmental prosecutor,” California’s attorney general, Democrat Xavier Becerra, said in a statement. “At every turn — even until the bitter end — he failed to carry out this important duty and instead put the profits of major polluters above the health of our families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The D.C. appeals court has already blocked the suspension of the rule temporarily in a separate lawsuit filed by environmental groups, according to Becerra.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 291,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704927674,
"excerpt": "The Obama administration said pollution from the retrofitted trucks could lead to 1,600 early deaths each year.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The Obama administration said pollution from the retrofitted trucks could lead to 1,600 early deaths each year.",
"title": "California Sues Over Trump Halt to Truck Pollution Rule | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Sues Over Trump Halt to Truck Pollution Rule",
"datePublished": "2018-07-20T09:54:05-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:14-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-sues-over-trump-halt-to-truck-pollution-rule",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1927689/california-sues-over-trump-halt-to-truck-pollution-rule",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv id=\"articleContent\" class=\"articleContent\">\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>California and 14 other states sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Thursday over its decision to suspend an Obama-era rule aimed at limiting pollution from trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The July 6 decision by the Trump EPA was illegal and could put thousands of additional highly polluting trucks on the roads, the states and the District of Columbia said in the lawsuit filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA said it does not comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule at issue limited production of heavy-duty freight trucks outfitted with older engines that don’t meet today’s emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EPA official said in a memo that the suspension was in the public interest to avoid disruption to small businesses that make the trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former EPA Chief Scott Pruitt had called the Obama administration’s ban on the dirtier truck engines an example of regulatory overreach that “threatened to put an entire industry of specialized truck manufacturers out of business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration said pollution from the retrofitted trucks could lead to 1,600 early deaths each year.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As EPA administrator, Scott Pruitt’s job was to act as out country’s chief environmental prosecutor,” California’s attorney general, Democrat Xavier Becerra, said in a statement. “At every turn — even until the bitter end — he failed to carry out this important duty and instead put the profits of major polluters above the health of our families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The D.C. appeals court has already blocked the suspension of the rule temporarily in a separate lawsuit filed by environmental groups, according to Becerra.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927689/california-sues-over-trump-halt-to-truck-pollution-rule",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1927689"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_505",
"science_3514"
],
"featImg": "science_1927246",
"label": "source_science_1927689"
},
"science_1927666": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927666",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927666",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1532102401000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1532102401,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Here’s How the Largest Dam Removal Project in the U.S. Would Work",
"headTitle": "Here’s How the Largest Dam Removal Project in the U.S. Would Work | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Four dams on the Klamath River may be simultaneously removed as early as 2021, after years of planning. It’s being hailed as a crucial effort to save salmon, but it won’t solve all the basin’s water problems.[contextly_sidebar id=”Zeuphy79Z2zdDCV3oDvKRaMB09ldtHht”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one is popping the champagne corks just yet, but the process to remove four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River just took a big step forward. On June 28, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.klamathrenewal.org/about-the-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Klamath River Renewal Corporation\u003c/a> released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.klamathrenewal.org/definite-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Definite Plan for the Lower Klamath Project\u003c/a>, a 2,300-page detailed analysis of how the reservoirs would be drawn down, the dams removed, the materials disposed of and the formerly inundated land restored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document will be reviewed by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ferc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission\u003c/a> (FERC) and an independent board of consultants. After any necessary revisions are made – and if no further regulatory hurdles emerge – removal of the dams would begin in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, that moment will be the culmination of two decades of talks, coalition building and planning. Curtis Knight, executive director of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://caltrout.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Trout\u003c/a>, remembers going to his first meeting regarding the dams’ future in 2000. “I marked that date with the birth of my daughter,” he said. “She’s now a senior in high school next year – that’s how long it’s been going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dams – Iron Gate, Copco 1, Copco 2 and J.C. Boyle – are four of six dams along the mainstem of the Klamath River, which runs for more than 250 miles from Oregon’s Upper Klamath Lake to the Pacific Ocean in Requa, California, just south of Crescent City. The dams have been blamed for failing populations of wild fish runs, such as salmon and steelhead, as well as exacerbating water quality problems in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their removal would open up 400 miles of mainstem and tributary habitat and would be an unprecedented endeavor. “There’s never been four dams removed simultaneously anywhere in the U.S. or beyond,” said Steve Rothert, California regional director at the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanrivers.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Rivers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1927667\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-800x618.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-800x618.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-768x594.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-1020x788.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-1200x927.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-1180x912.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-960x742.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-240x185.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-375x290.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-520x402.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A project map showing the dams along the Klamath River, including four that are scheduled to be removed. \u003ccite>(Klamath River Renewal Corporation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rothert is eager to finally see the dams removed. And he’s not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To hear the tribes talk about the loss, the devastation when the first dam went up – it was 1918 when \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pacificorp/doc/Energy_Sources/Hydro/Hydro_Licensing/Klamath_River/Exhibit_E_Appendices_E_6E_Attachment_3_Copco_No_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copco 1\u003c/a> was built and first blocked the fish,” he said. “They’ve been waiting a century for this. It puts my impatience in perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Long Time Coming\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Craig Tucker, media spokesperson for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.karuk.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karuk Tribe\u003c/a>, dam removal on the river can’t come soon enough. “Our fish runs are struggling,” he said. “Last year was one of the worst salmon runs we ever had; we had massive disease outbreaks. These fish aren’t going to last much longer if we don’t do something significant.”[contextly_sidebar id=”bPAm727weHPVijorX0CyRoDQ5oRXTJAp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Karuk and other Klamath River tribes have long opposed the dams, which blocked fish migration to the Upper Basin. But the effort to remove them took on renewed fervor in the early 2000s when stakeholder meetings first began, triggered by the relicensing process for the dams, owned by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PacifiCorp\u003c/a>, as part of the 50-year review process by FERC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, the Karuk took their fight against the dams to Scotland to protest at shareholder meetings of Scottish Power, which owned PacifiCorp. A few years later, Scottish Power sold PacifiCorp to Berkshire Hathaway Energy, and the fight moved to Warren Buffett’s hometown of Omaha, Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The work with the company started out being very confrontational,” said Tucker. But over time that changed, driven largely by economics and a growing coalition in the Klamath River Basin interested in dam removal and restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2010, estimates to address new requirements for fish passage and water quality, including reducing toxic algae blooms, put the cost of keeping the dams at more than $400 million – higher than the current costs for removing the dams and the subsequent restoration work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dams are used only for hydropower and not water supply or flood control, and so the expense to upgrade them to obtain a new operational license from FERC didn’t seem to justify the amount of electricity they generated for PacifiCorp, according to Tucker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133829\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180718085555/20170630_120443_Credit_KRRC1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1299\" height=\"974\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stretch of the Klamath River, which flows 250 miles from Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon to the Pacific Ocean in Northern California. (Anna Murveit / KRRC)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A statement by the energy company said it entered into the current agreement, known as the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement, “based upon its assessment that the KHSA provided superior cost and risk protections for PacifiCorp and its customers as compared to continuing on a path of relicensing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a number of years, efforts to remove the dams were tied to a larger plan, the proposed Klamath Basin Restoration Act, which dealt with other issues of water management in the Upper Klamath Basin, but that fell through after Congress failed to authorize it in 2015.[contextly_sidebar id=”SrYJ1hYtquZVZ4OaHhsrOh7WmCeyv4tw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal efforts pushed forward, however, and in 2016 an amended Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement was finalized. PacifiCorp agreed to transfer the dam licenses to a newly created entity, the Klamath River Renewal Corporation, which would then take over the decommissioning and removal of the facilities, pending approval by FERC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project will be paid for by two primary sources: $200 million that comes from PacifiCorp ratepayers and up to $250 million from Proposition 1, a water bond passed in California in 2014. The project estimate puts costs now at $398 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Getting the Job Done\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that the removal of the four dams is a big deal. “It sounds like an epic undertaking, and in some ways it is,” said Rothert. “But it’s also just a matter of putting more people and big yellow machines on the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before the dams are breached, considerable work will take place to improve local roads to handle the construction traffic, and to prepare the sites that will be used for staging and disposing of materials – all of which is detailed in the Definite Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All four reservoirs will be drawn down simultaneously in a roughly eight-week period beginning in January, currently scheduled for 2021, explained Mark Bransom, executive director of the Klamath River Renewal Corporation.[contextly_sidebar id=”nnF29LSKNppBOySJpbKLlk8AwwaTaSzN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We fully appreciate that it is going to be something of a significant impact,” he said. The time of year was chosen to minimize risks to fish, many of which are likely to be in tributaries or the ocean at that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best-case scenario would be a wet winter with a number of high-flow events that can help move the sediment that’s been trapped behind the dams, said Rothert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The removal of sediment is one of the biggest wild cards in dam removal, according to California Trout’s Knight. “Is there unfound toxicity in there? We haven’t found any yet, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t some there,” he said. “What is the composition of the sediment really like and how is that going to move itself downriver? What are the impacts on fish? Those are some of the bigger unknowns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will inevitably be some fish mortality in the process, but “I think everyone understands the trade-off there – it’s a short-term hit for a long-term benefit,” Knight said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to ecological considerations and technical concerns, the Definite Plan also specifically addresses how to deal with the cultural resources of the tribes that are around the edges of the reservoirs or even inundated by the reservoirs themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also some private property issues related to flood risk in a section of the river 18 miles below Iron Gate Dam. “We’re undertaking efforts to protect structures that are likely to be at some increased risk” of a 100-year flood, said Bransom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dams themselves will then be removed – with Iron Gate the tallest at 173ft high and Copco 2 the shortest at 33ft – but so too will all the other associated infrastructure, including canals, turbines, powerhouses, water intakes and a fish hatchery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180718085553/Iron-Gate-Dam_Credit-Michael-Wier1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">At 173ft, the earthen Iron Gate Dam is the tallest of four dams planned to be removed from the Klamath River in California and Oregon. (Michael Wier / CalTrout)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Then the process of restoration of the formerly inundated lands will begin. “There are many, many square miles that will be exposed upon drawdown of the reservoirs, and so we have to have a detailed proposal on how we will reestablish native vegetation and stabilize the site and do work to provide habitat where appropriate to assure tributary connectivity,” said Bransom. The largest reservoir area is Copco 1 at 1,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>More Work Ahead\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the four dams gone, fisheries groups believe that fish populations are likely to rebound quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What American Rivers has seen hundreds of times across the country is that the fish that have been blocked for decades, and sometimes over a century, just instinctively know that they need to swim past where the dam used to be and keep going and will repopulate and recolonize historic spawning grounds often in the first years and even the first weeks of access,” said Rothert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no one believes dam removal will be a cure-all for larger environmental and water management problems in the Klamath Basin. Rothert said that more needs to be done to address tributaries such as the Shasta and Scott rivers. “That’s really where fish spawn, rear and get fat and big, and those two small rivers crank out the lion’s share of Klamath River wild salmon,” he said. “And they are just being destroyed to grow cows and alfalfa. I think a lot of the attention needs to be focused on those rivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight agrees that “tributary restoration is one of the big things that needs to be done to fully realize the potential” of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133826\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180718085551/diseased-salmon-03_Karuk1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2816\" height=\"2112\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">The planned removal of four dams on the Klamath River is intended to help improve fish runs and prevent disease outbreaks like the one that has stricken these juvenile salmon. (Karuk Tribe)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Addressing flow issues in the Upper Klamath Basin where water is diverted for farming and ranching is another long-term problem that needs to be solved. Tribes, environmental groups, agricultural groups and federal agencies have butted heads over disagreements there for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently a “lot of tension around water rights” in the basin, said Rothert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, a federal judge in San Francisco will \u003ca href=\"https://www.heraldandnews.com/members/forum/editorials/finding-a-balance-for-the-basin-s-water-is-key/article_60713784-fa1c-5763-ae21-fc8a650e355a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hear a case\u003c/a> brought by the Klamath Tribes against federal agencies to protect water levels in Upper Klamath Lake for endangered fish. A ruling in the Klamath Tribes’ favor could cut off water for irrigators in the Upper Klamath Basin and reignite a regional water war. “Things could get really ugly this summer on the Klamath,” said Tucker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The removal of the dams is an important step, but just a step in what needs to be a comprehensive basin approach to recovery and stability,” said Rothert. “Not only for commercial and recreation fishermen and tribes who depend on a healthy fishery, but also the farmers and ranchers who use water from the Klamath to irrigate, and who need a more predictable and reliable business environment with water supply being key for them to really succeed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This article originally appeared on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927666\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>Water Deeply\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, and you can find it \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>here\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>sign up\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 2041,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 46
},
"modified": 1704927676,
"excerpt": "Four dams on the Klamath River may be simultaneously removed as early as 2021, after years of planning. It’s being hailed as a crucial effort to save salmon, but it won’t solve all the basin’s water problems.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Four dams on the Klamath River may be simultaneously removed as early as 2021, after years of planning. It’s being hailed as a crucial effort to save salmon, but it won’t solve all the basin’s water problems.",
"title": "Here’s How the Largest Dam Removal Project in the U.S. Would Work | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Here’s How the Largest Dam Removal Project in the U.S. Would Work",
"datePublished": "2018-07-20T09:00:01-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:16-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "heres-how-the-largest-dam-removal-project-in-the-u-s-would-work",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Tara Lohan\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1927666/heres-how-the-largest-dam-removal-project-in-the-u-s-would-work",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four dams on the Klamath River may be simultaneously removed as early as 2021, after years of planning. It’s being hailed as a crucial effort to save salmon, but it won’t solve all the basin’s water problems.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one is popping the champagne corks just yet, but the process to remove four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River just took a big step forward. On June 28, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.klamathrenewal.org/about-the-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Klamath River Renewal Corporation\u003c/a> released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.klamathrenewal.org/definite-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Definite Plan for the Lower Klamath Project\u003c/a>, a 2,300-page detailed analysis of how the reservoirs would be drawn down, the dams removed, the materials disposed of and the formerly inundated land restored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document will be reviewed by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ferc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission\u003c/a> (FERC) and an independent board of consultants. After any necessary revisions are made – and if no further regulatory hurdles emerge – removal of the dams would begin in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, that moment will be the culmination of two decades of talks, coalition building and planning. Curtis Knight, executive director of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://caltrout.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Trout\u003c/a>, remembers going to his first meeting regarding the dams’ future in 2000. “I marked that date with the birth of my daughter,” he said. “She’s now a senior in high school next year – that’s how long it’s been going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dams – Iron Gate, Copco 1, Copco 2 and J.C. Boyle – are four of six dams along the mainstem of the Klamath River, which runs for more than 250 miles from Oregon’s Upper Klamath Lake to the Pacific Ocean in Requa, California, just south of Crescent City. The dams have been blamed for failing populations of wild fish runs, such as salmon and steelhead, as well as exacerbating water quality problems in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their removal would open up 400 miles of mainstem and tributary habitat and would be an unprecedented endeavor. “There’s never been four dams removed simultaneously anywhere in the U.S. or beyond,” said Steve Rothert, California regional director at the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanrivers.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Rivers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1927667\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-800x618.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-800x618.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-768x594.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-1020x788.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-1200x927.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-1180x912.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-960x742.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-240x185.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-375x290.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171-520x402.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Klamath_map-7.20.171.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A project map showing the dams along the Klamath River, including four that are scheduled to be removed. \u003ccite>(Klamath River Renewal Corporation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rothert is eager to finally see the dams removed. And he’s not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To hear the tribes talk about the loss, the devastation when the first dam went up – it was 1918 when \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pacificorp/doc/Energy_Sources/Hydro/Hydro_Licensing/Klamath_River/Exhibit_E_Appendices_E_6E_Attachment_3_Copco_No_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copco 1\u003c/a> was built and first blocked the fish,” he said. “They’ve been waiting a century for this. It puts my impatience in perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Long Time Coming\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Craig Tucker, media spokesperson for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.karuk.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karuk Tribe\u003c/a>, dam removal on the river can’t come soon enough. “Our fish runs are struggling,” he said. “Last year was one of the worst salmon runs we ever had; we had massive disease outbreaks. These fish aren’t going to last much longer if we don’t do something significant.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Karuk and other Klamath River tribes have long opposed the dams, which blocked fish migration to the Upper Basin. But the effort to remove them took on renewed fervor in the early 2000s when stakeholder meetings first began, triggered by the relicensing process for the dams, owned by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PacifiCorp\u003c/a>, as part of the 50-year review process by FERC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, the Karuk took their fight against the dams to Scotland to protest at shareholder meetings of Scottish Power, which owned PacifiCorp. A few years later, Scottish Power sold PacifiCorp to Berkshire Hathaway Energy, and the fight moved to Warren Buffett’s hometown of Omaha, Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The work with the company started out being very confrontational,” said Tucker. But over time that changed, driven largely by economics and a growing coalition in the Klamath River Basin interested in dam removal and restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2010, estimates to address new requirements for fish passage and water quality, including reducing toxic algae blooms, put the cost of keeping the dams at more than $400 million – higher than the current costs for removing the dams and the subsequent restoration work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dams are used only for hydropower and not water supply or flood control, and so the expense to upgrade them to obtain a new operational license from FERC didn’t seem to justify the amount of electricity they generated for PacifiCorp, according to Tucker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133829\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180718085555/20170630_120443_Credit_KRRC1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1299\" height=\"974\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stretch of the Klamath River, which flows 250 miles from Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon to the Pacific Ocean in Northern California. (Anna Murveit / KRRC)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>A statement by the energy company said it entered into the current agreement, known as the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement, “based upon its assessment that the KHSA provided superior cost and risk protections for PacifiCorp and its customers as compared to continuing on a path of relicensing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a number of years, efforts to remove the dams were tied to a larger plan, the proposed Klamath Basin Restoration Act, which dealt with other issues of water management in the Upper Klamath Basin, but that fell through after Congress failed to authorize it in 2015.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal efforts pushed forward, however, and in 2016 an amended Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement was finalized. PacifiCorp agreed to transfer the dam licenses to a newly created entity, the Klamath River Renewal Corporation, which would then take over the decommissioning and removal of the facilities, pending approval by FERC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project will be paid for by two primary sources: $200 million that comes from PacifiCorp ratepayers and up to $250 million from Proposition 1, a water bond passed in California in 2014. The project estimate puts costs now at $398 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Getting the Job Done\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that the removal of the four dams is a big deal. “It sounds like an epic undertaking, and in some ways it is,” said Rothert. “But it’s also just a matter of putting more people and big yellow machines on the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before the dams are breached, considerable work will take place to improve local roads to handle the construction traffic, and to prepare the sites that will be used for staging and disposing of materials – all of which is detailed in the Definite Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All four reservoirs will be drawn down simultaneously in a roughly eight-week period beginning in January, currently scheduled for 2021, explained Mark Bransom, executive director of the Klamath River Renewal Corporation.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We fully appreciate that it is going to be something of a significant impact,” he said. The time of year was chosen to minimize risks to fish, many of which are likely to be in tributaries or the ocean at that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best-case scenario would be a wet winter with a number of high-flow events that can help move the sediment that’s been trapped behind the dams, said Rothert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The removal of sediment is one of the biggest wild cards in dam removal, according to California Trout’s Knight. “Is there unfound toxicity in there? We haven’t found any yet, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t some there,” he said. “What is the composition of the sediment really like and how is that going to move itself downriver? What are the impacts on fish? Those are some of the bigger unknowns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will inevitably be some fish mortality in the process, but “I think everyone understands the trade-off there – it’s a short-term hit for a long-term benefit,” Knight said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to ecological considerations and technical concerns, the Definite Plan also specifically addresses how to deal with the cultural resources of the tribes that are around the edges of the reservoirs or even inundated by the reservoirs themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also some private property issues related to flood risk in a section of the river 18 miles below Iron Gate Dam. “We’re undertaking efforts to protect structures that are likely to be at some increased risk” of a 100-year flood, said Bransom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dams themselves will then be removed – with Iron Gate the tallest at 173ft high and Copco 2 the shortest at 33ft – but so too will all the other associated infrastructure, including canals, turbines, powerhouses, water intakes and a fish hatchery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180718085553/Iron-Gate-Dam_Credit-Michael-Wier1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">At 173ft, the earthen Iron Gate Dam is the tallest of four dams planned to be removed from the Klamath River in California and Oregon. (Michael Wier / CalTrout)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Then the process of restoration of the formerly inundated lands will begin. “There are many, many square miles that will be exposed upon drawdown of the reservoirs, and so we have to have a detailed proposal on how we will reestablish native vegetation and stabilize the site and do work to provide habitat where appropriate to assure tributary connectivity,” said Bransom. The largest reservoir area is Copco 1 at 1,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>More Work Ahead\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the four dams gone, fisheries groups believe that fish populations are likely to rebound quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What American Rivers has seen hundreds of times across the country is that the fish that have been blocked for decades, and sometimes over a century, just instinctively know that they need to swim past where the dam used to be and keep going and will repopulate and recolonize historic spawning grounds often in the first years and even the first weeks of access,” said Rothert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no one believes dam removal will be a cure-all for larger environmental and water management problems in the Klamath Basin. Rothert said that more needs to be done to address tributaries such as the Shasta and Scott rivers. “That’s really where fish spawn, rear and get fat and big, and those two small rivers crank out the lion’s share of Klamath River wild salmon,” he said. “And they are just being destroyed to grow cows and alfalfa. I think a lot of the attention needs to be focused on those rivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight agrees that “tributary restoration is one of the big things that needs to be done to fully realize the potential” of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133826\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180718085551/diseased-salmon-03_Karuk1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2816\" height=\"2112\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">The planned removal of four dams on the Klamath River is intended to help improve fish runs and prevent disease outbreaks like the one that has stricken these juvenile salmon. (Karuk Tribe)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Addressing flow issues in the Upper Klamath Basin where water is diverted for farming and ranching is another long-term problem that needs to be solved. Tribes, environmental groups, agricultural groups and federal agencies have butted heads over disagreements there for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently a “lot of tension around water rights” in the basin, said Rothert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, a federal judge in San Francisco will \u003ca href=\"https://www.heraldandnews.com/members/forum/editorials/finding-a-balance-for-the-basin-s-water-is-key/article_60713784-fa1c-5763-ae21-fc8a650e355a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hear a case\u003c/a> brought by the Klamath Tribes against federal agencies to protect water levels in Upper Klamath Lake for endangered fish. A ruling in the Klamath Tribes’ favor could cut off water for irrigators in the Upper Klamath Basin and reignite a regional water war. “Things could get really ugly this summer on the Klamath,” said Tucker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The removal of the dams is an important step, but just a step in what needs to be a comprehensive basin approach to recovery and stability,” said Rothert. “Not only for commercial and recreation fishermen and tribes who depend on a healthy fishery, but also the farmers and ranchers who use water from the Klamath to irrigate, and who need a more predictable and reliable business environment with water supply being key for them to really succeed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This article originally appeared on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927666\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>Water Deeply\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, and you can find it \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>here\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>sign up\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927666/heres-how-the-largest-dam-removal-project-in-the-u-s-would-work",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1927666"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_1195",
"science_247",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_1927669",
"label": "source_science_1927666"
},
"science_1927637": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927637",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927637",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1532036837000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1532036837,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Health Officials Warn Public to Stay Out of Discovery Bay’s Toxic Waters",
"headTitle": "Health Officials Warn Public to Stay Out of Discovery Bay’s Toxic Waters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Contra Costa health officials are warning people to stay out of Discovery Bay after recent tests showed elevated levels of a toxin from blue-green algae.[contextly_sidebar id=”HOFJjjVVgSKMJov7SbkcjgstMPSsA2D0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/eh/hab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">routine sampling\u003c/a> of the waters on June 27 by health officials found high concentrations of blue-green algae, which contains cyanotoxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”BE53mysKwhQp94VJXpgB5zkaKFuA9ekn”]Contra Costa Health Services issued an advisory Thursday, July 19 warning that exposure to the toxin can cause\u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/eh/hab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> rashes, skin and eye irritation\u003c/a>, and upset stomach. In high enough levels, exposure can lead to serious illness and even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Environmental Health advises residents and visitors to Discovery Bay to avoid coming into contact with water in affected areas,” the advisory stated. “Avoiding contact with the water is also advised for pets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher temperatures contribute to the sudden growth of the harmful algae, which eventually dissipate naturally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dogs are especially sensitive to the toxin. In 2017, two dogs \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Toxic-algae-kills-2-dogs-after-swim-in-Napa-11260421.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reportedly died after they swam in a contaminated pond\u003c/a> in Southern Napa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tap water remains safe to drink as the toxin is not in the community’s well water system, according to the advisory.[contextly_sidebar id=”9LPlFctPIz2XxR4ELVFBaosWMf6LFUwK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say the \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/eh/hab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">best way to\u003c/a> prevent the blooms is to reduce water pollution, especially from runoff containing fertilizers or pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you believe you’ve been exposed to Blue-green algae, health officials recommend taking the following steps:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Wash your skin and hair thoroughly.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If your pet comes into contact with the algae, wash\u003cbr>\nit thoroughly to prevent ingestion.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contact a licensed veterinarian immediately if you believe your pet may have ingested algae.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not consume fish caught or harvested in a\u003cbr>\nbloom area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect closures by public health authorities.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you ingest blue-green algae or begin to experience symptoms,\u003cbr>\ncontact your health care provider or California Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For updates on this advisory, visit \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/eh/blue-green-algae.php\">http://cchealth.org/eh/blue-green-algae.php\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 340,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1704927678,
"excerpt": "Health officials in the East Bay are warning residents to stay out of Discovery Bay due to elevated levels of cyatoxin.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Health officials in the East Bay are warning residents to stay out of Discovery Bay due to elevated levels of cyatoxin.",
"title": "Health Officials Warn Public to Stay Out of Discovery Bay’s Toxic Waters | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Health Officials Warn Public to Stay Out of Discovery Bay’s Toxic Waters",
"datePublished": "2018-07-19T14:47:17-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:18-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "health-officials-warn-public-to-stay-out-of-discovery-bays-toxic-waters",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1927637/health-officials-warn-public-to-stay-out-of-discovery-bays-toxic-waters",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Contra Costa health officials are warning people to stay out of Discovery Bay after recent tests showed elevated levels of a toxin from blue-green algae.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/eh/hab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">routine sampling\u003c/a> of the waters on June 27 by health officials found high concentrations of blue-green algae, which contains cyanotoxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Contra Costa Health Services issued an advisory Thursday, July 19 warning that exposure to the toxin can cause\u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/eh/hab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> rashes, skin and eye irritation\u003c/a>, and upset stomach. In high enough levels, exposure can lead to serious illness and even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Environmental Health advises residents and visitors to Discovery Bay to avoid coming into contact with water in affected areas,” the advisory stated. “Avoiding contact with the water is also advised for pets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher temperatures contribute to the sudden growth of the harmful algae, which eventually dissipate naturally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dogs are especially sensitive to the toxin. In 2017, two dogs \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Toxic-algae-kills-2-dogs-after-swim-in-Napa-11260421.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reportedly died after they swam in a contaminated pond\u003c/a> in Southern Napa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tap water remains safe to drink as the toxin is not in the community’s well water system, according to the advisory.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say the \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/eh/hab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">best way to\u003c/a> prevent the blooms is to reduce water pollution, especially from runoff containing fertilizers or pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you believe you’ve been exposed to Blue-green algae, health officials recommend taking the following steps:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Wash your skin and hair thoroughly.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If your pet comes into contact with the algae, wash\u003cbr>\nit thoroughly to prevent ingestion.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contact a licensed veterinarian immediately if you believe your pet may have ingested algae.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not consume fish caught or harvested in a\u003cbr>\nbloom area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect closures by public health authorities.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you ingest blue-green algae or begin to experience symptoms,\u003cbr>\ncontact your health care provider or California Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For updates on this advisory, visit \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/eh/blue-green-algae.php\">http://cchealth.org/eh/blue-green-algae.php\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927637/health-officials-warn-public-to-stay-out-of-discovery-bays-toxic-waters",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1413",
"science_192",
"science_5181",
"science_3243"
],
"featImg": "science_1927655",
"label": "source_science_1927637"
},
"science_1927312": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927312",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927312",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1532028912000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1532028912,
"format": "standard",
"title": "A Sea Urchin Army Is Mowing Down California's Kelp Forests -- But Why?",
"headTitle": "A Sea Urchin Army Is Mowing Down California’s Kelp Forests — But Why? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Kelp forests are the marine mirror images to the towering redwoods onshore, the scaffolding that supports the image of the classic northern California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these oceanic forests are currently under siege from a potent mix of climate anomalies, disease, and predation that have led to declines in kelp forests not seen in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their place, vast “urchin barrens” of bare rock picked clean by roving grazers. These sunken equivalents of forest clear-cuts gut the complex relationships that sustain a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of the Urchins\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weakened by rising ocean temperatures and aggressive storms, kelp forests were already disadvantaged when researchers began to notice urchin populations increasing in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927686\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1927686 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple sea urchins are experiencing populations surges, leading to overgrazing of giant kelp. \u003ccite>(KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen urchins come through and mow down kelp,” says Tristin McHugh, north coast regional manager for Reef Check, a group of citizen science divers who conduct long-term monitoring studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year, for example, there was virtually minimal kelp,” she says. “The barrens were barren — just urchins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”WEKh98dtZPvhgISltBlFjiZHxmaGztiL”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McHugh attributes this increase to elevated recruitment during years in which sea urchin larvae settled out of the plankton in high densities and survived the tumultuous early years of adolescence. Urchins have become so numerous that they have since spawned several citizen science projects aimed at curtailing their numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Heroes Wear Furry Capes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, California’s iconic sea otter has stepped in to keep urchin populations in check. Otters feed on sea urchins, which in turn keeps them from overgrazing on kelp. Without otters, the implication is that we would cease to have kelp forests at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happens when otters forget just what is on the menu?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same way that you can eat many things but might prefer to eat pizza, otters are known to be generalists in their diets. But individuals have specific preferences which are passed from mother to pup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927356\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1927356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-800x257.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-800x257.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-160x51.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-768x247.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-1020x328.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-1200x386.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-1920x617.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-1180x379.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-960x309.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-240x77.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-375x121.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-520x167.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A raft of otters rests in Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, CA \u003ccite>(Heather Barrett)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>James Watanabe is a lecturer at Hopkins Marine Station, and he was the first to suggest that otters may have developed a “cultural memory loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the big pulse of recruitment in the ’70’s, up until now, when the urchins started showing up again, there were three generations of otters with some sea urchins present,” he says, “but not enough for any otter to focus on as the main part of the diet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s not that the sea otters aren’t doing their job. They’re doing it very well, there’s just much more to the story than otters and urchins.’\u003ccite>Joe Tomoleoni, USGS\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible that the behavior died out if everyone who remembered how to do it has died.” adds Aimee Dunlap, who studies animal cognition at the University of Missouri. “When they reintroduced the California Condor,” she recalls, “they had to haul out carcasses, because they’d had a gap in the parents teaching the young how to be a Condor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Historical Precedent?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watanabe points to the example of \u003cem>Kelletia\u003c/em>, a large predatory snail that moved north into kelp forests during the 1977-1978 El Niño, as a historical example of a time when otters exhibited similar behaviors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big, meaty snail, and it has a big shell, and it got to the point where you could put your hand down anywhere in the kelp beds and one would be within a meter of your hand. But the otters weren’t going for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927360\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 580px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927360\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580.jpg 580w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Kellet’s Whelk in a Monterey kelp forest. \u003ccite>(James Watanabe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he began to notice changes beneath the waves. “Within a period of about six months, the abundance dropped and there were a bunch of busted shells all over the place. It’s the damage that only an otter could typically do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can We Really Blame the Otters?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Joe Tomoleoni, an otter biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, bristles at the idea of blaming the urchin boom solely on otters, arguing that it ignores the inherent complexity of kelp forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right'] “It’s not that the sea otters aren’t doing their job,” he says. “They’re doing it very well, there’s just much more to the story than otters and urchins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomoleoni stresses that urchins have always been a major prey item for sea otters in California, and in fact, recent observations show more urchins being consumed now than in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Perfect Storm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their importance, otter indifference would not be enough to explain what’s happening here. Michael Jacox, a Research Oceanographer with NOAA, points to a series of weather anomalies that have affected the Bay Area over the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927620\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 226px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927620\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelp.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelp.jpg 226w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelp-160x275.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mature kelp plant in Monterey Bay. \u003ccite>(James Watanabe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It started with a persistent high pressure system which formed over the Pacific Ocean in late 2013. While winters in California are generally characterized as wet and mild, Jacox recalls how “the ridge deflected storms, and we weren’t getting storms or mixing and there was a heat buildup in the surface of the ocean.” This heat buildup, coupled with the extremely strong El Niño of 2015, ultimately impacted the entire US west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it had serious implications for marine ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp in particular was hit especially hard by these warm conditions. “The story for kelp might be similar to how it is for phytoplankton,” Jacox suggests, “They need nutrients in the water, and they prefer cooler conditions. In phytoplankton, we saw really low productivity as a direct result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watanabe suspects it may also have helped drive the urchin boom. To him, the warm water weakened kelp, but failed to kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kelp wasn’t very happy here during the warm water buildup,” he recalls, “but we didn’t see wholesale loss of the canopy like we’re seeing now with overgrazing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many researchers spoke to the unprecedented magnitude and persistence of these climate events, they were equally quick to point to signs that the kelp beds may already be recovering. Or at the very least, that they are optimistic the damage can be reversed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite his theory, Watanabe always stressed that it was only a matter of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those otters are so smart,” he says with a smile. “Once they figure out they can eat those urchins, I’m sure the otters will knock them back real quick and the kelp will recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year, up on the north coast, we’ve seen cold water showing up,” adds McHugh. “We’ve seen high trade winds and we’ve seen upwelling…maybe our ecosystem is going to have a chance to recover.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1215,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 38
},
"modified": 1704927679,
"excerpt": "Kelp is a keystone in the ocean ecosystem. It's not entirely clear why the urchins have taken over, but there's optimism that the kelp devastation is temporary.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Kelp is a keystone in the ocean ecosystem. It's not entirely clear why the urchins have taken over, but there's optimism that the kelp devastation is temporary.",
"title": "A Sea Urchin Army Is Mowing Down California's Kelp Forests -- But Why? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "A Sea Urchin Army Is Mowing Down California's Kelp Forests -- But Why?",
"datePublished": "2018-07-19T12:35:12-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:19-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "a-sea-urchin-army-is-mowing-down-californias-kelp-forests-but-why",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Oceans",
"path": "/science/1927312/a-sea-urchin-army-is-mowing-down-californias-kelp-forests-but-why",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kelp forests are the marine mirror images to the towering redwoods onshore, the scaffolding that supports the image of the classic northern California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these oceanic forests are currently under siege from a potent mix of climate anomalies, disease, and predation that have led to declines in kelp forests not seen in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their place, vast “urchin barrens” of bare rock picked clean by roving grazers. These sunken equivalents of forest clear-cuts gut the complex relationships that sustain a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of the Urchins\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weakened by rising ocean temperatures and aggressive storms, kelp forests were already disadvantaged when researchers began to notice urchin populations increasing in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927686\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1927686 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/urchins-and-kelp-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple sea urchins are experiencing populations surges, leading to overgrazing of giant kelp. \u003ccite>(KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen urchins come through and mow down kelp,” says Tristin McHugh, north coast regional manager for Reef Check, a group of citizen science divers who conduct long-term monitoring studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year, for example, there was virtually minimal kelp,” she says. “The barrens were barren — just urchins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McHugh attributes this increase to elevated recruitment during years in which sea urchin larvae settled out of the plankton in high densities and survived the tumultuous early years of adolescence. Urchins have become so numerous that they have since spawned several citizen science projects aimed at curtailing their numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Heroes Wear Furry Capes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, California’s iconic sea otter has stepped in to keep urchin populations in check. Otters feed on sea urchins, which in turn keeps them from overgrazing on kelp. Without otters, the implication is that we would cease to have kelp forests at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happens when otters forget just what is on the menu?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same way that you can eat many things but might prefer to eat pizza, otters are known to be generalists in their diets. But individuals have specific preferences which are passed from mother to pup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927356\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1927356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-800x257.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-800x257.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-160x51.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-768x247.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-1020x328.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-1200x386.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-1920x617.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-1180x379.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-960x309.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-240x77.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-375x121.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Otter_Group-520x167.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A raft of otters rests in Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, CA \u003ccite>(Heather Barrett)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>James Watanabe is a lecturer at Hopkins Marine Station, and he was the first to suggest that otters may have developed a “cultural memory loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the big pulse of recruitment in the ’70’s, up until now, when the urchins started showing up again, there were three generations of otters with some sea urchins present,” he says, “but not enough for any otter to focus on as the main part of the diet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s not that the sea otters aren’t doing their job. They’re doing it very well, there’s just much more to the story than otters and urchins.’\u003ccite>Joe Tomoleoni, USGS\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible that the behavior died out if everyone who remembered how to do it has died.” adds Aimee Dunlap, who studies animal cognition at the University of Missouri. “When they reintroduced the California Condor,” she recalls, “they had to haul out carcasses, because they’d had a gap in the parents teaching the young how to be a Condor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Historical Precedent?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watanabe points to the example of \u003cem>Kelletia\u003c/em>, a large predatory snail that moved north into kelp forests during the 1977-1978 El Niño, as a historical example of a time when otters exhibited similar behaviors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big, meaty snail, and it has a big shell, and it got to the point where you could put your hand down anywhere in the kelp beds and one would be within a meter of your hand. But the otters weren’t going for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927360\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 580px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927360\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580.jpg 580w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelletia_kel580-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Kellet’s Whelk in a Monterey kelp forest. \u003ccite>(James Watanabe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he began to notice changes beneath the waves. “Within a period of about six months, the abundance dropped and there were a bunch of busted shells all over the place. It’s the damage that only an otter could typically do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can We Really Blame the Otters?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Joe Tomoleoni, an otter biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, bristles at the idea of blaming the urchin boom solely on otters, arguing that it ignores the inherent complexity of kelp forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "emailsignup",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"newslettername": "science",
"align": "right",
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> “It’s not that the sea otters aren’t doing their job,” he says. “They’re doing it very well, there’s just much more to the story than otters and urchins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomoleoni stresses that urchins have always been a major prey item for sea otters in California, and in fact, recent observations show more urchins being consumed now than in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Perfect Storm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their importance, otter indifference would not be enough to explain what’s happening here. Michael Jacox, a Research Oceanographer with NOAA, points to a series of weather anomalies that have affected the Bay Area over the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927620\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 226px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927620\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelp.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelp.jpg 226w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/kelp-160x275.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mature kelp plant in Monterey Bay. \u003ccite>(James Watanabe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It started with a persistent high pressure system which formed over the Pacific Ocean in late 2013. While winters in California are generally characterized as wet and mild, Jacox recalls how “the ridge deflected storms, and we weren’t getting storms or mixing and there was a heat buildup in the surface of the ocean.” This heat buildup, coupled with the extremely strong El Niño of 2015, ultimately impacted the entire US west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it had serious implications for marine ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp in particular was hit especially hard by these warm conditions. “The story for kelp might be similar to how it is for phytoplankton,” Jacox suggests, “They need nutrients in the water, and they prefer cooler conditions. In phytoplankton, we saw really low productivity as a direct result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watanabe suspects it may also have helped drive the urchin boom. To him, the warm water weakened kelp, but failed to kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kelp wasn’t very happy here during the warm water buildup,” he recalls, “but we didn’t see wholesale loss of the canopy like we’re seeing now with overgrazing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many researchers spoke to the unprecedented magnitude and persistence of these climate events, they were equally quick to point to signs that the kelp beds may already be recovering. Or at the very least, that they are optimistic the damage can be reversed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite his theory, Watanabe always stressed that it was only a matter of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those otters are so smart,” he says with a smile. “Once they figure out they can eat those urchins, I’m sure the otters will knock them back real quick and the kelp will recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year, up on the north coast, we’ve seen cold water showing up,” adds McHugh. “We’ve seen high trade winds and we’ve seen upwelling…maybe our ecosystem is going to have a chance to recover.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927312/a-sea-urchin-army-is-mowing-down-californias-kelp-forests-but-why",
"authors": [
"11520"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_30",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_856",
"science_2455",
"science_371",
"science_3370",
"science_3265",
"science_843"
],
"featImg": "science_1927344",
"label": "source_science_1927312"
},
"science_1927537": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927537",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927537",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1531855334000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1531855334,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Rising Seas Could Cause Problems For Internet Infrastructure",
"headTitle": "Rising Seas Could Cause Problems For Internet Infrastructure | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The dense network of cables that make up the Internet is likely to be inundated with saltwater as sea levels rise, a new analysis suggests, putting thousands of miles of critical infrastructure along U.S. coastlines underwater in the next 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is actually the wires and the hardware that make the Internet run,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://ix.cs.uoregon.edu/~ram/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ramakrishnan Durairajan\u003c/a>, a computer scientist at the University of Oregon and an author of the research. The analysis estimates under the most severe model for sea level rise that more than 4,000 miles of fiber optic cable along U.S. coastlines will be underwater by the early 2030s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Internet is particularly susceptible to flooding because data travels through underground cables buried along roadways and through tunnels. While the massive deep sea cables that carry data under the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are designed to be permanently underwater, other infrastructure such as copper wiring and power stations are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If thousands of miles of cable were flooded because sea level rise, it could potentially impact Internet reliability for millions of Americans in major cities. In fact, higher temperatures and more powerful storms, both of which are more likely as the climate changes, have already affected Internet hardware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.itnews.com.au/news/iinets-perth-data-centre-melts-in-heatwave-399128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat wave in Australia\u003c/a> fried air conditioners at a key data center, cutting off a major company’s Internet service for hours. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/hurricane-sandy-disrupts-wireless-and-internet-services/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Superstorm Sandy\u003c/a> knocked out some Internet in New York City when floodwaters cut off power and drowned the underground cables that carry data. At the time, Verizon’s executive director of operations \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2012/11/17/3655442/restoring-verizon-service-manhattan-hurricane-sandy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Verge \u003c/em>that there had been a “catastrophic failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Hurricane Irma blew across Florida last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/weather/hurricane/article174827041.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Miami Herald reported\u003c/a> that many people were without Internet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising sea levels will make the flooding from such storms worse, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/05/590901652/new-report-predicts-rising-tides-more-flooding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as NPR has reported\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4600140-Durairajan-ANRW-2018.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">newly published analysis\u003c/a> sets aside storms and, for the sake of clarity, focuses on predictable flooding from sea level rise. Large, dense coastal cities such as New York, Miami and Seattle appear to have the highest risk of Internet disruption from sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internet service providers say they are already thinking about the risks from flooding along the U.S. coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AT&T uses fiber optic cable “designed for use in coastal areas as well as being submerged in either salt- or fresh-water conditions,” spokesman Jeff Kobs says. “In certain locations where cabling will be submerged for long periods of time or consistently exposed, such as beaches or in subways, we use submarine underwater cabling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to mitigate flood risk is to replace copper wiring with more flood-resilient cables. “After Sandy, we started upgrading our network in earnest, and replacing our copper assets with fiber assets,” says Verizon spokeswoman Karen Schulz. “Copper is impacted by water, whereas fiber is not. We’ve switched significant amounts of our network from copper to fiber in the Northeast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Verizon has also elevated buildings and power stations in areas that flood. In most cases, the company’s focus on flood risk “really has less to do with sea level change, and more to do with general flooding concerns,” Schulz explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one exception is at so-called cable landing stations where undersea cables connect the U.S. Internet to the rest of the world. “For cable landing stations that are very close to the oceans and that have undersea cables, we specifically assess sea level changes,” Schulz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities are already working on hardening Internet infrastructure to handle the effects of climate change. For example, public buildings in and around \u003ca href=\"http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~ordpics/31158_ex1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seattle are connected\u003c/a> by fiber optic cable meant to make the region more resilient to disasters, including floods. Other cities are rethinking how and where they build roads, which could affect where Internet infrastructure ends up; cables often follow highways and other public rights of way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Durairajan says that upgrading hardware is one good strategy, but that avoiding Internet disruptions from sea level rise also might require companies to rethink the way data flows through their networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, he says, if some wires are temporarily flooded, “can we reroute traffic from that area, to keep communication going? Can we isolate damage at coastal areas from inland assets? We have to start the mitigation strategies and planning right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Rising+Seas+Could+Cause+Problems+For+Internet+Infrastructure&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 757,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704927686,
"excerpt": "The Internet relies on a network of cables, many buried underground along U.S. coastlines. A new analysis finds sea level rise could put thousands of miles of cable underwater in the next 15 years.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The Internet relies on a network of cables, many buried underground along U.S. coastlines. A new analysis finds sea level rise could put thousands of miles of cable underwater in the next 15 years.",
"title": "Rising Seas Could Cause Problems For Internet Infrastructure | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Rising Seas Could Cause Problems For Internet Infrastructure",
"datePublished": "2018-07-17T12:22:14-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:26-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "rising-seas-could-cause-problems-for-internet-infrastructure",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=627254166&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Rebecca Hersher, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 16 Jul 2018 14:53:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 16 Jul 2018 17:54:30 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/07/16/627254166/rising-seas-could-cause-problems-for-internet-infrastructure?ft=nprml&f=627254166",
"nprImageAgency": "AFP/Getty Images",
"nprImageCredit": "Stan Honda",
"source": "Climate Change",
"nprStoryId": "627254166",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Mon, 16 Jul 2018 17:54:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1927537/rising-seas-could-cause-problems-for-internet-infrastructure",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The dense network of cables that make up the Internet is likely to be inundated with saltwater as sea levels rise, a new analysis suggests, putting thousands of miles of critical infrastructure along U.S. coastlines underwater in the next 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is actually the wires and the hardware that make the Internet run,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://ix.cs.uoregon.edu/~ram/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ramakrishnan Durairajan\u003c/a>, a computer scientist at the University of Oregon and an author of the research. The analysis estimates under the most severe model for sea level rise that more than 4,000 miles of fiber optic cable along U.S. coastlines will be underwater by the early 2030s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Internet is particularly susceptible to flooding because data travels through underground cables buried along roadways and through tunnels. While the massive deep sea cables that carry data under the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are designed to be permanently underwater, other infrastructure such as copper wiring and power stations are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If thousands of miles of cable were flooded because sea level rise, it could potentially impact Internet reliability for millions of Americans in major cities. In fact, higher temperatures and more powerful storms, both of which are more likely as the climate changes, have already affected Internet hardware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.itnews.com.au/news/iinets-perth-data-centre-melts-in-heatwave-399128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat wave in Australia\u003c/a> fried air conditioners at a key data center, cutting off a major company’s Internet service for hours. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/hurricane-sandy-disrupts-wireless-and-internet-services/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Superstorm Sandy\u003c/a> knocked out some Internet in New York City when floodwaters cut off power and drowned the underground cables that carry data. At the time, Verizon’s executive director of operations \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2012/11/17/3655442/restoring-verizon-service-manhattan-hurricane-sandy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Verge \u003c/em>that there had been a “catastrophic failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Hurricane Irma blew across Florida last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/weather/hurricane/article174827041.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Miami Herald reported\u003c/a> that many people were without Internet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising sea levels will make the flooding from such storms worse, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/05/590901652/new-report-predicts-rising-tides-more-flooding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as NPR has reported\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4600140-Durairajan-ANRW-2018.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">newly published analysis\u003c/a> sets aside storms and, for the sake of clarity, focuses on predictable flooding from sea level rise. Large, dense coastal cities such as New York, Miami and Seattle appear to have the highest risk of Internet disruption from sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internet service providers say they are already thinking about the risks from flooding along the U.S. coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AT&T uses fiber optic cable “designed for use in coastal areas as well as being submerged in either salt- or fresh-water conditions,” spokesman Jeff Kobs says. “In certain locations where cabling will be submerged for long periods of time or consistently exposed, such as beaches or in subways, we use submarine underwater cabling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to mitigate flood risk is to replace copper wiring with more flood-resilient cables. “After Sandy, we started upgrading our network in earnest, and replacing our copper assets with fiber assets,” says Verizon spokeswoman Karen Schulz. “Copper is impacted by water, whereas fiber is not. We’ve switched significant amounts of our network from copper to fiber in the Northeast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Verizon has also elevated buildings and power stations in areas that flood. In most cases, the company’s focus on flood risk “really has less to do with sea level change, and more to do with general flooding concerns,” Schulz explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one exception is at so-called cable landing stations where undersea cables connect the U.S. Internet to the rest of the world. “For cable landing stations that are very close to the oceans and that have undersea cables, we specifically assess sea level changes,” Schulz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities are already working on hardening Internet infrastructure to handle the effects of climate change. For example, public buildings in and around \u003ca href=\"http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~ordpics/31158_ex1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seattle are connected\u003c/a> by fiber optic cable meant to make the region more resilient to disasters, including floods. Other cities are rethinking how and where they build roads, which could affect where Internet infrastructure ends up; cables often follow highways and other public rights of way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Durairajan says that upgrading hardware is one good strategy, but that avoiding Internet disruptions from sea level rise also might require companies to rethink the way data flows through their networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, he says, if some wires are temporarily flooded, “can we reroute traffic from that area, to keep communication going? Can we isolate damage at coastal areas from inland assets? We have to start the mitigation strategies and planning right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Rising+Seas+Could+Cause+Problems+For+Internet+Infrastructure&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927537/rising-seas-could-cause-problems-for-internet-infrastructure",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1927537"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_2114",
"science_508",
"science_206",
"science_461"
],
"featImg": "science_1927538",
"label": "source_science_1927537"
},
"science_1927346": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927346",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927346",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1531501153000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1531501153,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Video: An Iceberg 4 Miles Wide Breaks Off From Greenland Glacier",
"headTitle": "Video: An Iceberg 4 Miles Wide Breaks Off From Greenland Glacier | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tyfSlnMe8E\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An iceberg four miles (six kilometers) wide has broken off from a glacier in eastern Greenland and scientists have captured the dramatic event on video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York University professor David Holland, an expert in atmospheric and ocean science, told The Associated Press that “this is the largest event we’ve seen in over a decade in Greenland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2018/july/scientists-capture-breaking-of-glacier-in-greenland-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">June 22 video\u003c/a> of the incident was taken by his wife, Denise Holland of NYU’s Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. They had camped by the Helheim Glacier for weeks to collect data to better project sea level changes due to global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holland said Wednesday that the time-lapse video, which is speeded up 20 times, shows “3 percent of the annual ice loss of Greenland occur in 30 minutes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounded like rockets going off,” he said, describing it as “a very complex, chaotic, noisy event.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the couple is studying Greenland, he said that “the real concern is in Antarctica, where everything is so big the stakes are much higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In northwestern Greenland, another large iceberg has apparently grounded on the sea floor near the village of Innarsuit. Residents with houses near the shore were prepared to evacuate if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 221,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1704927694,
"excerpt": "Scientists who captured the dramatic event on video say it's the largest event they’ve seen in over a decade in Greenland.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists who captured the dramatic event on video say it's the largest event they’ve seen in over a decade in Greenland.",
"title": "Video: An Iceberg 4 Miles Wide Breaks Off From Greenland Glacier | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Video: An Iceberg 4 Miles Wide Breaks Off From Greenland Glacier",
"datePublished": "2018-07-13T09:59:13-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:34-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "watch-an-iceberg-4-miles-wide-breaks-off-from-greenland-glacier",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate",
"path": "/science/1927346/watch-an-iceberg-4-miles-wide-breaks-off-from-greenland-glacier",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7tyfSlnMe8E'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7tyfSlnMe8E'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>An iceberg four miles (six kilometers) wide has broken off from a glacier in eastern Greenland and scientists have captured the dramatic event on video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York University professor David Holland, an expert in atmospheric and ocean science, told The Associated Press that “this is the largest event we’ve seen in over a decade in Greenland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2018/july/scientists-capture-breaking-of-glacier-in-greenland-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">June 22 video\u003c/a> of the incident was taken by his wife, Denise Holland of NYU’s Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. They had camped by the Helheim Glacier for weeks to collect data to better project sea level changes due to global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holland said Wednesday that the time-lapse video, which is speeded up 20 times, shows “3 percent of the annual ice loss of Greenland occur in 30 minutes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounded like rockets going off,” he said, describing it as “a very complex, chaotic, noisy event.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the couple is studying Greenland, he said that “the real concern is in Antarctica, where everything is so big the stakes are much higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In northwestern Greenland, another large iceberg has apparently grounded on the sea floor near the village of Innarsuit. Residents with houses near the shore were prepared to evacuate if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927346/watch-an-iceberg-4-miles-wide-breaks-off-from-greenland-glacier",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1927346"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_182",
"science_192",
"science_556"
],
"featImg": "science_1865946",
"label": "source_science_1927346"
},
"science_1927315": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927315",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927315",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1531438448000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1531438448,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Power Play: How California Lawmakers Are Navigating a Changing Energy Landscape",
"headTitle": "Power Play: How California Lawmakers Are Navigating a Changing Energy Landscape | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>State lawmakers, faced with a transformed energy landscape and a glut of renewable power as California charges into a greener future, are considering a handful of measures to meet the state’s energy challenges.[contextly_sidebar id=”EJmArVVvxhckAoFcVPZYqb7X797Rvtwu”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The puzzle: how to align state policies with the quickly-evolving electricity world, one lawmakers are attempting to define and to decide how to regulate. Key questions include who should be allowed to distribute energy and whether to expand consumers’ choices in purchasing electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is taking place as the summer heat has been unleashed, when demand for power rises in concert with temperatures. At issue are the reliability and resiliency of the power grid–its ability to supply electricity consistently and balance itself when unexpected demand or supply arises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most sweeping and controversial ideas, presented as a way for California to produce and use electricity more efficiently, is chilling to some: the replacement of California’s own grid operator with a new regional authority to manage power for the entire West. The question is whether California would be giving up too much for too little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The proposal,\u003c/a> from Assemblyman Chris Holden, a Pasadena Democrat, would open a market for California’s solar power but could also loosen the state’s grip on some distribution decisions. It has been percolating for several years in one form or another and has been, to say the least, hotly debated in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, California’s Independent System Operator in its present form would disappear. But a multi-state power authority run by a board of representatives from each participating state would operate more efficiently, better harness renewable energy and expand the state’s climate policies to its neighbors, some supporters say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are already many masters in the existing energy distribution system to dispatch power west of the Rockies. On the top of that food chain is the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which oversees interstate power transmission.[contextly_sidebar id=”IdKYsh93WuwLpAlZBBqQL5cFav8M7sgv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holden’s legislation would still allow California to make its own decisions about buying energy, said Kellie Smith, chief consultant to the Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy, which Holden chairs. The new unified commission would fill a much-needed role as transmission traffic cop, she said: “We are not ceding any more authority than is there today. It’s status quo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents say that California would be handing over critical decision-making power to states peddling fossil-fueled energy. They say Rocky Mountain coal states could send more dirty power to California, if they elected to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To begin with, let me guarantee you that Wyoming and Utah have no interest in joining anything that California is part of,” Smith said. “Secondly, we already have coal coming in every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though California has policies requiring utilities to buy a certain amount of renewable power, it can be difficult to determine how each watt of power coming into the state was generated. A unified grid would provide needed transparency, supporters say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents counter that the proposal would saddle California consumers with unfair costs for new transmission lines and other infrastructure outside the state. That’s one reason some labor groups oppose the bill; they’ve estimated that tens of thousands of construction jobs will be lost to other states.[contextly_sidebar id=”cQ3cknIoWqQ8NBRccL892PDV2V4jMRDL”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Freedman, an attorney with The Utility Reform Network, a watchdog group, applauds improvements to the transmission system. But, echoing critics who say more vetting is needed, he expressed concern that the Holden bill would be a precipitous step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a decision that you can undo,” Freedman said in an interview. “There are many things a state can do to try out a new policy. If it doesn’t work, we can flip it. But once you get rid of the (current system) …. You can’t put the toothpaste back in the tube.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal has long held the interest of Gov. Brown and carries his considerable political weight behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proposals in the mix include allowing industrial and commercial energy customers to cut the cord that binds them to major utilities, as well as a bid to help California reach its climate goals by fashioning a fully “clean” power supply by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is at the forefront of the budding \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://cleanpowerexchange.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer choice\u003c/a>\u003c/u> movement—ratepayers leaving behind fortress-like utilities and grouping together to buy power from alternate providers. It’s caught on in more than a dozen California cities and counties, where local governments now determine their own power mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One bill the Legislature is considering would \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allow commercial and industrial power\u003c/a>\u003c/u> customers to join the “community choice” movement, unplugging from utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The freedom of choice would encourage competition among power providers and drive down prices, said the bill’s author, Sen. Robert Hertzberg, a Democrat from Van Nuys. The highly technical proposal has flown somewhat under the radar, and its prospects for passage are unclear.[contextly_sidebar id=”0zZ02hs5EewVYXJ5cjtt9fEJ5HduDX8q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Public Utilities Commission has already weighed in on the idea of community grids and other ad hoc arrangements. It warns in a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/2018SummerLoadsandResourcesAssessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">draft report\u003c/a>\u003c/u> that they could leave consumers vulnerable to fly-by-night operators, stranded without power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with CALmatters, commission President Michael Picker invoked the price spikes and blackouts that rolled across California during the energy crisis of 2000 after deregulation of the energy market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the last deregulation, we had a plan, however flawed,” Picker said. “Now, we are deregulating electric markets through dozens of different decisions and legislative actions, but we do not have a plan. If we are not careful, we can drift into another crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other ideas that will be on lawmakers’ agenda when they return from recess next month is one that failed last year and has a second chance now: Sen. Kevin de León’s \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a>\u003c/u> that California use 100 percent clean power within the next 27 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Democrat maintains that the state is on track to meet this accelerated goal. But his legislation is opposed by such powerful interests as the California Chamber of Commerce and the state’s three largest utilities. Legislative politics, which stymied the bill’s passage in the last session, appear to be at work again, making its prospects somewhat murky.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1102,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 26
},
"modified": 1704927698,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "State lawmakers, faced with a transformed energy landscape and a glut of renewable power as California charges into a greener future, are considering a handful of measures to meet the state’s energy challenges. The puzzle: how to align state policies with the quickly-evolving electricity world, one lawmakers are attempting to define and to decide",
"title": "Power Play: How California Lawmakers Are Navigating a Changing Energy Landscape | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Power Play: How California Lawmakers Are Navigating a Changing Energy Landscape",
"datePublished": "2018-07-12T16:34:08-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:38-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "power-play-how-california-lawmakers-are-navigating-a-changing-energy-landscape",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>,\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a>",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1927315/power-play-how-california-lawmakers-are-navigating-a-changing-energy-landscape",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State lawmakers, faced with a transformed energy landscape and a glut of renewable power as California charges into a greener future, are considering a handful of measures to meet the state’s energy challenges.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The puzzle: how to align state policies with the quickly-evolving electricity world, one lawmakers are attempting to define and to decide how to regulate. Key questions include who should be allowed to distribute energy and whether to expand consumers’ choices in purchasing electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is taking place as the summer heat has been unleashed, when demand for power rises in concert with temperatures. At issue are the reliability and resiliency of the power grid–its ability to supply electricity consistently and balance itself when unexpected demand or supply arises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most sweeping and controversial ideas, presented as a way for California to produce and use electricity more efficiently, is chilling to some: the replacement of California’s own grid operator with a new regional authority to manage power for the entire West. The question is whether California would be giving up too much for too little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The proposal,\u003c/a> from Assemblyman Chris Holden, a Pasadena Democrat, would open a market for California’s solar power but could also loosen the state’s grip on some distribution decisions. It has been percolating for several years in one form or another and has been, to say the least, hotly debated in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, California’s Independent System Operator in its present form would disappear. But a multi-state power authority run by a board of representatives from each participating state would operate more efficiently, better harness renewable energy and expand the state’s climate policies to its neighbors, some supporters say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are already many masters in the existing energy distribution system to dispatch power west of the Rockies. On the top of that food chain is the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which oversees interstate power transmission.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holden’s legislation would still allow California to make its own decisions about buying energy, said Kellie Smith, chief consultant to the Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy, which Holden chairs. The new unified commission would fill a much-needed role as transmission traffic cop, she said: “We are not ceding any more authority than is there today. It’s status quo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents say that California would be handing over critical decision-making power to states peddling fossil-fueled energy. They say Rocky Mountain coal states could send more dirty power to California, if they elected to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To begin with, let me guarantee you that Wyoming and Utah have no interest in joining anything that California is part of,” Smith said. “Secondly, we already have coal coming in every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though California has policies requiring utilities to buy a certain amount of renewable power, it can be difficult to determine how each watt of power coming into the state was generated. A unified grid would provide needed transparency, supporters say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents counter that the proposal would saddle California consumers with unfair costs for new transmission lines and other infrastructure outside the state. That’s one reason some labor groups oppose the bill; they’ve estimated that tens of thousands of construction jobs will be lost to other states.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Freedman, an attorney with The Utility Reform Network, a watchdog group, applauds improvements to the transmission system. But, echoing critics who say more vetting is needed, he expressed concern that the Holden bill would be a precipitous step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a decision that you can undo,” Freedman said in an interview. “There are many things a state can do to try out a new policy. If it doesn’t work, we can flip it. But once you get rid of the (current system) …. You can’t put the toothpaste back in the tube.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal has long held the interest of Gov. Brown and carries his considerable political weight behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proposals in the mix include allowing industrial and commercial energy customers to cut the cord that binds them to major utilities, as well as a bid to help California reach its climate goals by fashioning a fully “clean” power supply by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is at the forefront of the budding \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://cleanpowerexchange.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer choice\u003c/a>\u003c/u> movement—ratepayers leaving behind fortress-like utilities and grouping together to buy power from alternate providers. It’s caught on in more than a dozen California cities and counties, where local governments now determine their own power mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One bill the Legislature is considering would \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allow commercial and industrial power\u003c/a>\u003c/u> customers to join the “community choice” movement, unplugging from utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The freedom of choice would encourage competition among power providers and drive down prices, said the bill’s author, Sen. Robert Hertzberg, a Democrat from Van Nuys. The highly technical proposal has flown somewhat under the radar, and its prospects for passage are unclear.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Public Utilities Commission has already weighed in on the idea of community grids and other ad hoc arrangements. It warns in a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/2018SummerLoadsandResourcesAssessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">draft report\u003c/a>\u003c/u> that they could leave consumers vulnerable to fly-by-night operators, stranded without power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with CALmatters, commission President Michael Picker invoked the price spikes and blackouts that rolled across California during the energy crisis of 2000 after deregulation of the energy market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the last deregulation, we had a plan, however flawed,” Picker said. “Now, we are deregulating electric markets through dozens of different decisions and legislative actions, but we do not have a plan. If we are not careful, we can drift into another crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other ideas that will be on lawmakers’ agenda when they return from recess next month is one that failed last year and has a second chance now: Sen. Kevin de León’s \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a>\u003c/u> that California use 100 percent clean power within the next 27 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Democrat maintains that the state is on track to meet this accelerated goal. But his legislation is opposed by such powerful interests as the California Chamber of Commerce and the state’s three largest utilities. Legislative politics, which stymied the bill’s passage in the last session, appear to be at work again, making its prospects somewhat murky.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927315/power-play-how-california-lawmakers-are-navigating-a-changing-energy-landscape",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1927315"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_121",
"science_765",
"science_135",
"science_134",
"science_136"
],
"featImg": "science_1927323",
"label": "source_science_1927315"
},
"science_1927220": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927220",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927220",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1531352492000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1531352492,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Cap-and-Trade is Working — For Other States",
"headTitle": "California Cap-and-Trade is Working — For Other States | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A new report indicates California’s much-heralded carbon trading program may actually be harming the neighborhoods it was designed to protect.[contextly_sidebar id=”dZbVEycaPgbvv7CngoBKbDY4u37PHPmT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002604#abstract0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> first study examining\u003c/a> social disparities in California’s cap-and-trade program, researchers found that 52 percent of companies regulated by the program saw an increase in annual average greenhouse gas emissions — and those companies are largely situated in disadvantaged communities, historically hit hardest by environmental pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The communities that live on the fence line near these industries saw hope in the [cap-and-trade program] that emissions might be reduced,” \u003ca href=\"https://erg.berkeley.edu/people/lara-cushing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lara Cushing\u003c/a>, the study’s lead author, said in a\u003ca href=\"https://news.sfsu.edu/news-story/state-cap-and-trade-program-not-benefitting-disadvantaged-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statement.\u003c/a> “But so far, we haven’t seen the kind of environmental equity benefits people were hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study,\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002604#sec016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> published \u003c/a>in PLOS Medicine, looked at the first three years of the program, first launched in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California boasts the world’s fourth-largest carbon-trading program, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924376/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was developed to help\u003c/a> the the state meet its ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program caps the total amount of emissions in the state but companies can increase their emissions by purchasing pollution “allowances” from companies that pollute less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while the program succeeded in lowering overall emissions statewide, the study found that specific industries actually produced more emissions since the program was launched.[contextly_sidebar id=”8GJCspiuAEItIZ7do3Fzrj2xvceDy8Z0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cement plants saw the highest increase in emissions, or 75 percent, followed by electricity generators, and the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increased emissions fell on neighborhoods with higher proportions of people of color and low-income residents, according the recent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, the carbon trade program was partly intended to mitigate the disproportionate impact of air pollution in these communities. California law requires 25 percent of the program’s revenue to be invested in environmental measures that benefit vulnerable neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cushing and other researchers found that most of the program’s revenue stream is actually flowing out of the state, due to the way the program is designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the program, companies can offset their emissions by purchasing credits through forestry or agriculture projects, including those in other states. Rather than investing in local green projects, the study found that 75 percent of those credits — which are part of a regulatory scheme paid for by California taxpayers — went towards projects outside of California.[contextly_sidebar id=”jn0YFwHSViZgJTxNV1CeqIhaEHkoUyDt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Good climate policy is good for environmental justice,” said Cushing. “What we’ve seen from our study is that so far, California’s cap-and-trade program hasn’t really delivered on that potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Cushing says that California should be praised for its ambitious climate goals. She points to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/grants/urban-greening/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">urban greening program\u003c/a> that funds forests and greenways in vulnerable communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional measures may be needed, according to Cushing, to ensure that California’s cap-and-trade program lives up to its potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Placing geographic restrictions on trading and limiting the amount of pollution ‘offset’ credits that companies can use to comply with the program could help incentivize local emissions reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 548,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1704927701,
"excerpt": "California's carbon trading program is helping to subsidize green projects in other states even as a new report finds that 52 percent of participating companies are actually producing more, not less, emissions. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California's carbon trading program is helping to subsidize green projects in other states even as a new report finds that 52 percent of participating companies are actually producing more, not less, emissions. ",
"title": "California Cap-and-Trade is Working — For Other States | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Cap-and-Trade is Working — For Other States",
"datePublished": "2018-07-11T16:41:32-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:41-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-cap-and-trade-is-working-for-other-states",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1927220/california-cap-and-trade-is-working-for-other-states",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new report indicates California’s much-heralded carbon trading program may actually be harming the neighborhoods it was designed to protect.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002604#abstract0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> first study examining\u003c/a> social disparities in California’s cap-and-trade program, researchers found that 52 percent of companies regulated by the program saw an increase in annual average greenhouse gas emissions — and those companies are largely situated in disadvantaged communities, historically hit hardest by environmental pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The communities that live on the fence line near these industries saw hope in the [cap-and-trade program] that emissions might be reduced,” \u003ca href=\"https://erg.berkeley.edu/people/lara-cushing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lara Cushing\u003c/a>, the study’s lead author, said in a\u003ca href=\"https://news.sfsu.edu/news-story/state-cap-and-trade-program-not-benefitting-disadvantaged-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statement.\u003c/a> “But so far, we haven’t seen the kind of environmental equity benefits people were hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study,\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002604#sec016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> published \u003c/a>in PLOS Medicine, looked at the first three years of the program, first launched in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California boasts the world’s fourth-largest carbon-trading program, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924376/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was developed to help\u003c/a> the the state meet its ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program caps the total amount of emissions in the state but companies can increase their emissions by purchasing pollution “allowances” from companies that pollute less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while the program succeeded in lowering overall emissions statewide, the study found that specific industries actually produced more emissions since the program was launched.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cement plants saw the highest increase in emissions, or 75 percent, followed by electricity generators, and the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increased emissions fell on neighborhoods with higher proportions of people of color and low-income residents, according the recent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, the carbon trade program was partly intended to mitigate the disproportionate impact of air pollution in these communities. California law requires 25 percent of the program’s revenue to be invested in environmental measures that benefit vulnerable neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cushing and other researchers found that most of the program’s revenue stream is actually flowing out of the state, due to the way the program is designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the program, companies can offset their emissions by purchasing credits through forestry or agriculture projects, including those in other states. Rather than investing in local green projects, the study found that 75 percent of those credits — which are part of a regulatory scheme paid for by California taxpayers — went towards projects outside of California.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Good climate policy is good for environmental justice,” said Cushing. “What we’ve seen from our study is that so far, California’s cap-and-trade program hasn’t really delivered on that potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Cushing says that California should be praised for its ambitious climate goals. She points to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/grants/urban-greening/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">urban greening program\u003c/a> that funds forests and greenways in vulnerable communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional measures may be needed, according to Cushing, to ensure that California’s cap-and-trade program lives up to its potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Placing geographic restrictions on trading and limiting the amount of pollution ‘offset’ credits that companies can use to comply with the program could help incentivize local emissions reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927220/california-cap-and-trade-is-working-for-other-states",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_121",
"science_765",
"science_192",
"science_3370",
"science_3645",
"science_1712"
],
"featImg": "science_1927246",
"label": "source_science_1927220"
},
"science_1927211": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927211",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927211",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1531326228000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1531326228,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Water Agency Re-Approves $11B for California Twin Tunnels",
"headTitle": "Water Agency Re-Approves $11B for California Twin Tunnels | KQED",
"content": "\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" noPrimaryImage \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>California’s largest water agency has re-approved a nearly $11 billion plan to fund two enormous tunnels that would be the centerpiece of Gov. Jerry Brown’s ambitious project to remake the state water system.[contextly_sidebar id=”V6NnMA4RkKy2uk7TDTldPw7UYH8wbvRv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California on Tuesday repeated a vote it cast in April because of concerns about the legality of the earlier decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental group Food and Water Watch and the watchdog First Amendment Coalition questioned whether the MWD violated the state’s open-meeting law through behind-the-scenes campaigning among board members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MWD officials denied wrongdoing but agreed to recast the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency will bear most of the cost of the twin-tunnel project that would modernize the aging infrastructure that delivers water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_50273 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_50273\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_50273\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 148,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 7
},
"modified": 1704927706,
"excerpt": "Environmental groups question whether the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California violated the state’s open-meeting law through behind-the-scenes campaigning among board members.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Environmental groups question whether the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California violated the state’s open-meeting law through behind-the-scenes campaigning among board members.",
"title": "Water Agency Re-Approves $11B for California Twin Tunnels | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Water Agency Re-Approves $11B for California Twin Tunnels",
"datePublished": "2018-07-11T09:23:48-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:46-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "water-agency-re-approves-11b-for-california-twin-tunnels",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1927211/water-agency-re-approves-11b-for-california-twin-tunnels",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" noPrimaryImage \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>California’s largest water agency has re-approved a nearly $11 billion plan to fund two enormous tunnels that would be the centerpiece of Gov. Jerry Brown’s ambitious project to remake the state water system.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California on Tuesday repeated a vote it cast in April because of concerns about the legality of the earlier decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental group Food and Water Watch and the watchdog First Amendment Coalition questioned whether the MWD violated the state’s open-meeting law through behind-the-scenes campaigning among board members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MWD officials denied wrongdoing but agreed to recast the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency will bear most of the cost of the twin-tunnel project that would modernize the aging infrastructure that delivers water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_50273 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_50273\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_50273\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927211/water-agency-re-approves-11b-for-california-twin-tunnels",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1927211"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_572",
"science_192",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_1926819",
"label": "source_science_1927211"
},
"science_1927059": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1927059",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927059",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1531268999000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1531268999,
"format": "standard",
"title": "PG&E Customers to Foot the Bill for Wine Country Fire Costs, Under Revised Bill",
"headTitle": "PG&E Customers to Foot the Bill for Wine Country Fire Costs, Under Revised Bill | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric wants its customers to pay for the costs of the October 2017 wildfires that tore through northern California, destroying more than 8,000 buildings and killing 44 people. Under legislation now at the state capitol, PG&E customers would be charged an involuntary fee to help the utility company pay off settlements stemming from pending wildfire lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Why is it fair for someone in Santa Cruz to pay for what happened in Santa Rosa?’\u003ccite>John Franzman, Fountaingrove\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes just weeks after \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/newsreleases/2018/2017_WildfireSiege_Cause.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire investigators\u003c/a> concluded that PG&E power lines and poles were responsible for 12 of the October wildfires, prompting hundreds of lawsuits against the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB33\">AB33 \u003c/a>would allow PG&E to use state-issued bonds to pay for property damage, personal injury and fire-fighting costs resulting from multiple blazes last October. PG&E customers would pay off the bonds in the form of a “non-bypassable” charge on their bills. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/PG-E-customers-would-pay-some-Wine-Country-fire-13058808.php?src=hp_totn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From the Chronicle\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>‘That means even customers who generate most of their own electricity with a rooftop solar array or who buy their electricity from a community choice program such as CleanPowerSF would still pay the charge.’\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gs5eWJ4qUrNUB2HZuWbRg5SpPM0S9DGk”]PG&E could be liable for billions of dollars in damages in wildfires that destroyed 8,880 buildings and killed 45 people. The company \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/pg-e-expects-to-pay-%2425b-for-costs-related-to-north-bay-fires/3631775/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told shareholders in June\u003c/a> that it has set aside 2.5 billion dollars in expected liability. But that could be a fraction of the total cost. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB33\u003c/a> explains that the burden on PG&E would be too great:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>‘…the magnitude of potential damage claims undermines Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s ability to invest in the infrastructure necessary to meet the state’s aggressive wildfire mitigation and clean energy plans \u003ci>\u003c/i>and has the potential to create an unsustainable hardship for customers if passed on in the form of higher rates through the typical ratemaking processes.’\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>John Franzman, who lost his Fountaingrove home in the fires, blasted the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I read the legislation and scratched my head,” Franzman said. “Why is it fair for someone in Santa Cruz to pay for what happened in Santa Rosa? That means my 90-year-old father who lives 150 miles away is paying for this. I’m paying for my own recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Hd72jPIEp7KnzF9jIST6NjlJZICSaOkQ”]\u003cbr>\nErin Brockovich, an environmental activist and attorney, is suing PG&E on behalf of Bay Area residents who lost their homes in the fires. She attacked the bill on Monday and accused PG&E of shielding itself from wildfire lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“This company is a ginormous monopoly that has the privilege of working in this state,” she said Monday. “Yet you take no accountability and no responsibility for your actions that harm people and kill people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, first introduced in 2016, was originally aimed at promoting electric cars. It was gutted and amended last week, however, to address PG&E’s liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential liability from the 2017 northern California wildfires requires immediate legislative action,” the bill reads. “The number of persons affected by the wildfires, and the extent of their losses, highlight the need for timely and equitable resolution of their claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PG&E spokesperson called the bill a “common sense” approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The measure does not absolve PG&E from responsibility,” said spokeswoman Lynsey Paulo. “Instead, it takes a balanced, common-sense approach that will protect electric customers, the communities PG&E serves and our state’s clean energy future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October wildfires in Northern California wound up being the largest group of wildfires in recorded state history. The damage resulted in about $10 billion in insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 673,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704927708,
"excerpt": "Facing billions of dollars in potential liability, PG&E is asking lawmakers for a change in the law. Victims have slammed the current proposal as a “bailout.\"",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Facing billions of dollars in potential liability, PG&E is asking lawmakers for a change in the law. Victims have slammed the current proposal as a “bailout."",
"title": "PG&E Customers to Foot the Bill for Wine Country Fire Costs, Under Revised Bill | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "PG&E Customers to Foot the Bill for Wine Country Fire Costs, Under Revised Bill",
"datePublished": "2018-07-10T17:29:59-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:01:48-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "pge-customers-to-foot-the-bill-for-wine-country-fire-costs-under-revised-bill",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1927059/pge-customers-to-foot-the-bill-for-wine-country-fire-costs-under-revised-bill",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric wants its customers to pay for the costs of the October 2017 wildfires that tore through northern California, destroying more than 8,000 buildings and killing 44 people. Under legislation now at the state capitol, PG&E customers would be charged an involuntary fee to help the utility company pay off settlements stemming from pending wildfire lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Why is it fair for someone in Santa Cruz to pay for what happened in Santa Rosa?’\u003ccite>John Franzman, Fountaingrove\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes just weeks after \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/newsreleases/2018/2017_WildfireSiege_Cause.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire investigators\u003c/a> concluded that PG&E power lines and poles were responsible for 12 of the October wildfires, prompting hundreds of lawsuits against the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB33\">AB33 \u003c/a>would allow PG&E to use state-issued bonds to pay for property damage, personal injury and fire-fighting costs resulting from multiple blazes last October. PG&E customers would pay off the bonds in the form of a “non-bypassable” charge on their bills. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/PG-E-customers-would-pay-some-Wine-Country-fire-13058808.php?src=hp_totn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From the Chronicle\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>‘That means even customers who generate most of their own electricity with a rooftop solar array or who buy their electricity from a community choice program such as CleanPowerSF would still pay the charge.’\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>PG&E could be liable for billions of dollars in damages in wildfires that destroyed 8,880 buildings and killed 45 people. The company \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/pg-e-expects-to-pay-%2425b-for-costs-related-to-north-bay-fires/3631775/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told shareholders in June\u003c/a> that it has set aside 2.5 billion dollars in expected liability. But that could be a fraction of the total cost. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB33\u003c/a> explains that the burden on PG&E would be too great:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>‘…the magnitude of potential damage claims undermines Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s ability to invest in the infrastructure necessary to meet the state’s aggressive wildfire mitigation and clean energy plans \u003ci>\u003c/i>and has the potential to create an unsustainable hardship for customers if passed on in the form of higher rates through the typical ratemaking processes.’\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>John Franzman, who lost his Fountaingrove home in the fires, blasted the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I read the legislation and scratched my head,” Franzman said. “Why is it fair for someone in Santa Cruz to pay for what happened in Santa Rosa? That means my 90-year-old father who lives 150 miles away is paying for this. I’m paying for my own recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nErin Brockovich, an environmental activist and attorney, is suing PG&E on behalf of Bay Area residents who lost their homes in the fires. She attacked the bill on Monday and accused PG&E of shielding itself from wildfire lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“This company is a ginormous monopoly that has the privilege of working in this state,” she said Monday. “Yet you take no accountability and no responsibility for your actions that harm people and kill people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, first introduced in 2016, was originally aimed at promoting electric cars. It was gutted and amended last week, however, to address PG&E’s liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential liability from the 2017 northern California wildfires requires immediate legislative action,” the bill reads. “The number of persons affected by the wildfires, and the extent of their losses, highlight the need for timely and equitable resolution of their claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PG&E spokesperson called the bill a “common sense” approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The measure does not absolve PG&E from responsibility,” said spokeswoman Lynsey Paulo. “Instead, it takes a balanced, common-sense approach that will protect electric customers, the communities PG&E serves and our state’s clean energy future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October wildfires in Northern California wound up being the largest group of wildfires in recorded state history. The damage resulted in about $10 billion in insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1927059/pge-customers-to-foot-the-bill-for-wine-country-fire-costs-under-revised-bill",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_192",
"science_3370",
"science_3464",
"science_136",
"science_113"
],
"featImg": "science_1927069",
"label": "source_science_1927059"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=climate": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 864,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 1578,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_1927783",
"science_1927752",
"science_1927689",
"science_1927666",
"science_1927637",
"science_1927312",
"science_1927537",
"science_1927346",
"science_1927315",
"science_1927220",
"science_1927211",
"science_1927059"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_climate": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"source_science_1927783": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927783",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927752": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927752",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927689": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927689",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927666": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927666",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927637": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927637",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927312": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927312",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Oceans",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927537": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927537",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927346": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927346",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927315": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927315",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927220": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927220",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927211": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927211",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1927059": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1927059",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_206": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_206",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "206",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sea level rise",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sea level rise Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 210,
"slug": "sea-level-rise",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sea-level-rise"
},
"science_1462": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1462",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1462",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Sierra snowpack",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Sierra snowpack Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1471,
"slug": "sierra-snowpack",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sierra-snowpack"
},
"science_2874": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2874",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2874",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2874,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/animals"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_1120": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1120",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1120",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1128,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/animals"
},
"science_507": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_507",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "507",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "food Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 513,
"slug": "food-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/food-2"
},
"science_505": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_505",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "505",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "air pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "air pollution Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 511,
"slug": "air-pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/air-pollution"
},
"science_3514": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3514",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3514",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Trump Administration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Trump Administration Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3514,
"slug": "trump-administration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/trump-administration"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
},
"science_1195": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1195",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1195",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dams",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dams Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1204,
"slug": "dams",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/dams"
},
"science_247": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_247",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "247",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "salmon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "salmon Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 251,
"slug": "salmon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/salmon"
},
"science_201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "water-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-2"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_1413": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1413",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1413",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "algae bloom",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "algae bloom Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1422,
"slug": "algae-bloom",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/algae-bloom"
},
"science_5181": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5181",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5181",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5181,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/health"
},
"science_3243": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3243",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3243",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "toxic algae",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "toxic algae Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3243,
"slug": "toxic-algae",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/toxic-algae"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_856": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_856",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "856",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bay area",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bay area Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 862,
"slug": "bay-area",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/bay-area"
},
"science_2455": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2455",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2455",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2467,
"slug": "california-climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california-climate"
},
"science_371": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_371",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "371",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "el nino",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "el nino Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 377,
"slug": "el-nino",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/el-nino"
},
"science_3370": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3370",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3370",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3370,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featured"
},
"science_3265": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3265",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3265",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kelp forest",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kelp forest Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3265,
"slug": "kelp-forest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/kelp-forest"
},
"science_843": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_843",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "843",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ocean",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ocean Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 849,
"slug": "ocean",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/ocean"
},
"science_2114": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2114",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2114",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "flooding",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "flooding Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2125,
"slug": "flooding",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/flooding"
},
"science_508": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_508",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "508",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "internet",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "internet Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 514,
"slug": "internet",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/internet"
},
"science_461": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_461",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "461",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "technology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "technology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 467,
"slug": "technology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/technology"
},
"science_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 39,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/events"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
},
"science_556": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_556",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "556",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global warming",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global warming Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 562,
"slug": "global-warming",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-warming"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_121": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_121",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "121",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cap and trade",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cap and trade Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 125,
"slug": "cap-and-trade",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/cap-and-trade"
},
"science_765": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_765",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "765",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carbon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carbon Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 772,
"slug": "carbon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/carbon"
},
"science_135": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_135",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "135",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "electricity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "electricity Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 139,
"slug": "electricity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/electricity"
},
"science_134": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_134",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "134",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 138,
"slug": "energy-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/energy-2"
},
"science_136": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_136",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "136",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "PG&E",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "PG&E Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 140,
"slug": "pge",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pge"
},
"science_3645": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3645",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3645",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "greenhouse emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "greenhouse emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3645,
"slug": "greenhouse-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/greenhouse-emissions"
},
"science_1712": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1712",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1712",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "oil and gas production",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "oil and gas production Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1722,
"slug": "oil-and-gas-production",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/oil-and-gas-production"
},
"science_3464": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3464",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3464",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "northern california wildfires",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "northern california wildfires Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3464,
"slug": "northern-california-wildfires",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/northern-california-wildfires"
},
"science_113": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_113",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "113",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wildfire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wildfire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 117,
"slug": "wildfire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wildfire"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
