window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_1930978": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930978",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930978",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930972,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1536599035,
"modified": 1536599075,
"caption": "Workers install rooftop solar panels in Vallejo, California.",
"description": null,
"title": "SOLARPANELS",
"credit": "Lauren Hanussak/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1930823": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930823",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930823",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930643,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-520x345.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 345
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-960x636.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 636
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-375x249.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92.jpg",
"width": 1207,
"height": 800
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-1020x676.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 676
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-1180x782.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 782
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-1200x795.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 795
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-800x530.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 530
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-1180x782.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 782
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-768x509.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 509
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92-240x159.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 159
}
},
"publishDate": 1536266687,
"modified": 1536266789,
"caption": "Yosemite National Park geologist Greg Stock on the Lyell Glacier, in 2010. Nearly all of California's glaciers have been shrinking from higher temperatures.",
"description": "Yosemite National Park geologist Greg Stock on the Lyell Glacier, in 2010.",
"title": "RS4911_Lyell_Stock_p92",
"credit": "Tim Palmer/Heyday",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1931126": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1931126",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931126",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930718,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174.jpg",
"width": 5760,
"height": 3840
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-1029437174-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1536779453,
"modified": 1536779508,
"caption": "A woman dressed as a tree with the group The Forgotten Solution, poses for a picture at Civic Center Plaza after marching at the 'Rise For Climate' global action on September 8, 2018 in downtown San Francisco, California. ",
"description": null,
"title": "TOPSHOT-US-ENVIRONMENT-PROTEST",
"credit": "AMY OSBORNE/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1930751": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930751",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930751",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930749,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK.jpg",
"width": 1800,
"height": 1200
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/AFP_1857PK-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1536180085,
"modified": 1536180104,
"caption": "An air tanker drops retardant on the Ranch Fire, part of the Mendocino Complex Fire, on August 5, 2018.",
"description": null,
"title": "AFP_1857PK",
"credit": "Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1927729": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1927729",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1927729",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1927677,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-520x280.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 280
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-160x86.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 86
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-960x517.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 517
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-375x202.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 202
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k.jpg",
"width": 2048,
"height": 1102
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-1020x549.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 549
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-1180x635.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 635
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-1200x646.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 646
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-800x430.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 430
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-1920x1033.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1033
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-1180x635.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 635
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-1920x1033.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1033
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-768x413.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 413
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/38396203801_970bf10e3b_k-240x129.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 129
}
},
"publishDate": 1532129743,
"modified": 1532129956,
"caption": "Birds fly over the Central Valley's Cosumnes River Preserve, one of the few protected wetland habitat areas in California.",
"description": "Birds fly over a wetland at the Central Valley's Cosumnes River Preserve",
"title": "Cosumnes River Preserve",
"credit": "John Ciccarelli/BLM",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1930571": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930571",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930571",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930568,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-520x367.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 367
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-160x113.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 113
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-960x677.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 677
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-375x264.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 264
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672.jpg",
"width": 4669,
"height": 3293
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-1020x719.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 719
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-1180x832.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 832
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-1200x846.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 846
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-800x564.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 564
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-1920x1354.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1354
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-1180x832.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 832
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-1920x1354.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1354
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-768x542.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 542
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1012075672-240x169.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 169
}
},
"publishDate": 1535734582,
"modified": 1535734641,
"caption": "Cows eat straw, sheltered from the heat in the cowshed, on August 6, 2018.",
"description": null,
"title": "FRANCE-WEATHER-HEAT-AGRICULTURE",
"credit": "PATRICK HERTZOG / AFP (Photo credit should read PATRICK HERTZOG/AFP/Getty Images)",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1930528": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930528",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930528",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930527,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c.jpg",
"width": 5145,
"height": 3430
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-584513988_slide-a6d7e2ff98a0e2e97a0abc6eb80e6a56b9a1ca5c-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1535657775,
"modified": 1535657865,
"caption": "As the climate warms, drought is killing large numbers of trees in California. Scientists are looking to the past to try and understand how the ecosystems of today may be changing.\n",
"description": null,
"title": "As the climate warms, drought is killing large numbers of trees in California. Scientists are looking to the past to try and understand how the ecosystems of today may be changing.",
"credit": "Ashley Cooper/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1930423": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930423",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930423",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930415,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-520x339.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 339
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-160x104.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 104
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-960x626.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 626
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-375x245.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 245
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751.jpg",
"width": 4184,
"height": 2728
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-1020x665.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 665
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-1180x769.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 769
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-1200x782.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 782
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-800x522.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 522
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-1920x1252.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1252
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-1180x769.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 769
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-1920x1252.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1252
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-768x501.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 501
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-154143751-240x156.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 156
}
},
"publishDate": 1535498607,
"modified": 1535498662,
"caption": "Farmer Jim Diedrich digs to check soil moisture on his farmland in the state's San Joaquin Valley, on March 11, 2009. ",
"description": null,
"title": "US-DROUGHT-FARMING",
"credit": "ROBYN BECK/AFP/GettyImages",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1312189": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1312189",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1312189",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1312186,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-520x350.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 350
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-160x108.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 108
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-960x646.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 646
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-375x252.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 252
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1291
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-1020x686.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 686
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-1180x793.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 793
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-800x538.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 538
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-1920x1291.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1291
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-1180x793.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 793
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-1920x1291.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1291
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-768x516.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 516
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/RS17822_GettyImages-476553971-qut-240x161.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 161
}
},
"publishDate": 1484066894,
"modified": 1484067088,
"caption": "The Ivanpah solar electric generating system is a solar power project built in the Nevada desert to help utilities comply with California's renewable energy rules.",
"description": null,
"title": "rs17822_gettyimages-476553971-qut",
"credit": "Ethan Miller/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1930405": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930405",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930405",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930403,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688.jpg",
"width": 5448,
"height": 3632
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/iStock-653749688-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1535478002,
"modified": 1535478037,
"caption": "An image of Malibu Lagoon state beach.",
"description": null,
"title": "Peaceful Lagoon",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1930319": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930319",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930319",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930318,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-520x332.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 332
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-160x102.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 102
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-960x612.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 612
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-375x239.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 239
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1276
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-1020x651.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 651
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-1180x753.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 753
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-1200x766.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 766
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-800x510.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 510
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-1920x1225.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1225
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-1180x753.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 753
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-1920x1225.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1225
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-768x490.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 490
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/seaicegreenland_enl-f62c63777c2d492a6374f0cf195c6f5a1c22f774-240x153.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 153
}
},
"publishDate": 1535067580,
"modified": 1535067660,
"caption": "Sea ice is seen from NASA's Operation IceBridge research aircraft off the northwest coast of Greenland on March 30, 2017.\n",
"description": "Sea ice is seen from NASA's Operation IceBridge research aircraft off the northwest coast of Greenland on March 30, 2017.",
"title": "Sea ice is seen from NASA's Operation IceBridge research aircraft off the northwest coast of Greenland on March 30, 2017.",
"credit": "Mario Tama/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1930311": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1930311",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930311",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1930278,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-520x349.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 349
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-960x645.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 645
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-375x252.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 252
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1.jpg",
"width": 4674,
"height": 3138
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-1020x685.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 685
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-1180x792.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 792
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-1200x806.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 806
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-800x537.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 537
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-1920x1289.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1289
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-1180x792.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 792
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-1920x1289.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1289
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-768x516.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 516
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-103634156-1-240x161.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 161
}
},
"publishDate": 1535064236,
"modified": 1535064306,
"caption": "A new electric vehicle charging station is seen near San Francisco city hall August 25, 2010 in San Francisco, California. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Bay Area Plans Major Expansion Of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations",
"credit": "Justin Sullivan/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_1930749": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1930749",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1930749",
"name": "Lindsay Abrams\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1930685": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1930685",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1930685",
"name": "Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1930568": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1930568",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1930568",
"name": "Terence Chea\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1930527": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1930527",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1930527",
"name": "Christopher Joyce, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1930465": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1930465",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1930465",
"name": "Jonathan J. Cooper\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1930403": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1930403",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1930403",
"name": "Ariel Tu\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1930318": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1930318",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1930318",
"name": "Christopher Joyce, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1930278": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1930278",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1930278",
"name": "Julie Cart\u003c/br>CALmatters",
"isLoading": false
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"aahmed": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11428",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11428",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amel Ahmed",
"firstName": "Amel",
"lastName": "Ahmed",
"slug": "aahmed",
"email": "aahmed@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "amelscript",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amel Ahmed | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aahmed"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_climate": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"score": 11.05895
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Climate",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 69
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=climate",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 69
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_1930972": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930972",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930972",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1536611854000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky",
"title": "Why 100 Percent Clean Energy in California is Gonna Be Tricky",
"publishDate": 1536611854,
"format": "audio",
"headTitle": "Why 100 Percent Clean Energy in California is Gonna Be Tricky | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 5376,
"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cp>California has some hurdles to overcome in meeting the most ambitious clean energy goal in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"//leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 100\u003c/a> Monday, requiring that 100 percent of the state’s electricity must come from solar, wind and other emissions-free sources by 2045. He also signed an executive order that directs the state to achieve “carbon neutrality” by the same year, and “net negative greenhouse gas emissions” after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s no understating the importance of this measure.\u003cbr>\nSB 100 is sending a message to California and to the world.’\u003ccite>Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For the fifth largest economy in the world, moving to 100 percent emissions-free energy would mean a wholesale transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But will it bring about the end of fossils fuels in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the past is any precedent, it’s going to be difficult. So far, California hasn’t gotten as much benefit from its capacity for solar as it could. That’s because California has to keep natural gas running to supply energy on cloudy days and at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So renewable energy has created new challenges for running the state’s electric grid. And grid operators have turned to California’s primary fossil fuel resource, large natural-gas power plants, to solve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s created an uncomfortable marriage between renewable energy and fossil fuels\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> And it’s one that California policymakers will have to figure out how to dissolve, if the state wants to reach its clean energy targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have no illusions. California and the rest of the world have miles to go before we achieve zero carbon emissions,” the governor said Monday, upon signing SB 100. “But you have to begin. You have to get something done. California’s been doing stuff that the rest of the world — most of the world — is just hoping they might get to someday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next steps in clean energy will be a bit tougher than what the state has done so far, says Laura Wisland, who works on energy policy for the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The easy part is bringing renewables onto the grid,” she says. “How do we actually turn down the fossil at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t long ago that solar energy was considered an expensive, niche technology. Then, in 2002, California lawmakers passed the first renewable mandate, requiring utilities to put 20 percent renewable energy onto the grid. Opponents cautioned that the technology would be too expensive and unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of those fears were really unfounded,” says Wisland. “The cost of renewable energy has come down quite significantly.” Today, solar and wind are competitive with natural gas power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years that followed, California lawmakers got even more ambitious, requiring 33 percent renewables by 2020 and 50 percent by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Z1G6u/8/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the most important things we’ve done over the years is the legislature has set goals that are within reach but seem like stretch goals at the time,” Wisland says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, about a third of California’s electricity comes from renewables, including solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and small hydropower dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar installations, in particular, skyrocketed. In just five years, solar went from less than 1 percent of California’s in-state electricity generation in 2012 to over 11 percent in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But electricity from natural gas has also held steady. In 2017, it represented more than 40 percent of California’s in-state generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s because solar energy has fundamentally shifted the way the state’s electric grid is run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Balancing the Grid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because solar energy has fundamentally shifted the way the state’s electric grid is run. When the majority of Californians turn on their lights, it’s due in large part to about a dozen people staring at a wall of screens in Folsom, California. It’s the California Independent System Operator, which runs most of the state’s grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1930976\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-800x388.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-800x388.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-160x78.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-768x372.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-1020x494.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-1200x581.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-1920x930.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-1180x572.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-960x465.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-240x116.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-375x182.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-520x252.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO.jpg 1930w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The control room at California’s grid operation center in Folsom, California. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly solving a constant problem,” said Nancy Traweek, who directs systems operations there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I visited two years ago, it was a sunny day, which meant the state’s solar farms were cranking out electricity. But solar presents a few tricky problems for grid operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within an hour, you could have a cloud come over a solar field and then a few minutes later move away and then come back over,” Traweek said. That would cause the power supply to drop suddenly. “That needs to come from somewhere else immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar electricity also drops off as the sun sets, but that is the time when the state needs electricity the most, because Californians are coming home from work and turning their lights on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So grid operators have to keep natural gas plants running in the background. If they’re turned off, they can take as long as eight hours to start up if the power plant hasn’t been run recently\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But running solar and natural gas together during the day can create more electricity than is needed, especially in the spring and fall, when Californians aren’t running their air air conditioners. And flooding the grid with too much power can cause it to fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we really [have] to start cutting as much as we possibly can,” said Traweek. “If that’s not done, then you could have a blackout.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, grid operators have to tell solar farms to shut off. And it’s happening more and more often. So far this year, California has \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/informed/Pages/ManagingOversupply.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forgone enough solar electricity\u003c/a> to power San Francisco for 20 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making Space for Solar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of that problem is that we’re not making enough room for solar on the grid,” says Wisland. “There’s a lot of different ways to deal with that issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra solar energy could be stored in large batteries or other energy storage technologies, or it could be shared with neighboring states. That would preclude the necessity of turning it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can do more to shift our electricity demand to the middle of the day, so that we’re taking advantage of that solar resource,” Wisland says. “We can also do more to make investments in different types of renewable generation technologies that actually do generate during the nighttime. Examples of that are geothermal or wind, especially wind in other places in the West.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has mandated that California utilities install energy storage. Many of those solutions, however, are still being developed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe that’s why the natural gas industry isn’t quite as worried as you’d think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bulk of the modern gas fleet is going to stick around and be needed for a while,” says Matt Barmack of Calpine, which owns 20 natural gas power plants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the big batteries on the grid only store several hours worth of electricity. That is not enough to fill big energy gaps created by the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not just hours or days, but weeks when solar generation is low and wind generation is low,” Barmack says. “And gas is very good for getting through those kinds of events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can’t Compete\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the rise in solar power has upended the economic model for many natural gas plants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to be that we would generate the most in the afternoon,” Barmack says. Now, that’s when solar is available at a very low price, and the electricity from natural gas power can’t compete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s getting harder, and there’s definitely less compensation available from the energy market,” says Barmack. “We’ve retired several plants already probably before the end of their economically useful lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barmack says there’s a real risk that many natural gas power plants will go out of business while California still needs them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think in some cases that’s OK, because that’s a market signal that the generation from those plants isn’t necessary anymore,” says Wisland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there needs to be a careful exit strategy for natural gas power, he says. Some natural gas plants are located in places where they’re important to ensure reliable power for a local area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear that there is going to be a role for some natural gas on the system,” Wisland says. “And in those cases, we will need to have a conversation about whether it’s necessary to rethink the way certain natural gas plants get paid, at least in the short term, so that they don’t retire before we’re ready to replace them with a cleaner resource.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be through an existing special energy market in California, known as “resource adequacy.” Power plants get payments that way simply for being available to ensure the grid can function reliably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some argue those annual payments aren’t enough to keep natural gas power plants around. That’s already \u003ca href=\"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/pges-landmark-energy-storage-projects-snagged-by-pushback/530007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led to a controversy\u003c/a> over one of Calpine’s natural gas power plants, which was granted extra payments from the grid operators to stay open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Long-Term Outlook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California’s 2045 goal could mean the end of fossil fuel plants as they operate today, there could be a way for them to survive. The state’s electricity doesn’t only have to come from renewable energy, but “clean” sources that don’t produce emissions. That could include large hydropower dams or fossil fuels that don’t release emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Calpine says it’s looking at capturing the carbon emissions from its power plants and trapping them, a technology known as carbon capture and storage. But the technology is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/485125/despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still in its early days\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s safe to say that it’s at the pilot phase,” says Barmack. “It’s definitely something we’re interested in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question remains about how fast technology like energy storage will develop to augment renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can do a lot with wind, solar and storage technology, but it’s very difficult to squeeze the last bit of gas generation out of the system,” says Barmack. “How far do we really want to go,” he says, alluding to the state’s new 100 percent goal. “Is 95 percent enough, given that 95 percent is likely to be a lot less expensive than 100 percent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “2045 is a really long time away, and we’ve got a lot of tools on the table already to get there,” says Wisland. “California never ceases to surpass and exceed people’s expectations in terms of what we can come up with when we set our minds to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, at least, the state has met every one of its renewable energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Governor Jerry Brown just signed the landmark law requiring 100 percent clean energy by 2045. So why isn't the fossil fuel industry more scared?",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1727135646,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"iframeSrcs": [
"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Z1G6u/8/"
],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 59,
"wordCount": 1937
},
"headData": {
"title": "Why 100 Percent Clean Energy in California is Gonna Be Tricky | KQED",
"description": "Governor Jerry Brown just signed the landmark law requiring 100 percent clean energy by 2045. So why isn't the fossil fuel industry more scared?",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Why 100 Percent Clean Energy in California is Gonna Be Tricky",
"datePublished": "2018-09-10T13:37:34-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-09-23T16:54:06-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/09/SommerRenewableEnergy.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 429,
"path": "/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has some hurdles to overcome in meeting the most ambitious clean energy goal in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"//leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 100\u003c/a> Monday, requiring that 100 percent of the state’s electricity must come from solar, wind and other emissions-free sources by 2045. He also signed an executive order that directs the state to achieve “carbon neutrality” by the same year, and “net negative greenhouse gas emissions” after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s no understating the importance of this measure.\u003cbr>\nSB 100 is sending a message to California and to the world.’\u003ccite>Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For the fifth largest economy in the world, moving to 100 percent emissions-free energy would mean a wholesale transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But will it bring about the end of fossils fuels in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the past is any precedent, it’s going to be difficult. So far, California hasn’t gotten as much benefit from its capacity for solar as it could. That’s because California has to keep natural gas running to supply energy on cloudy days and at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So renewable energy has created new challenges for running the state’s electric grid. And grid operators have turned to California’s primary fossil fuel resource, large natural-gas power plants, to solve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s created an uncomfortable marriage between renewable energy and fossil fuels\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> And it’s one that California policymakers will have to figure out how to dissolve, if the state wants to reach its clean energy targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have no illusions. California and the rest of the world have miles to go before we achieve zero carbon emissions,” the governor said Monday, upon signing SB 100. “But you have to begin. You have to get something done. California’s been doing stuff that the rest of the world — most of the world — is just hoping they might get to someday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next steps in clean energy will be a bit tougher than what the state has done so far, says Laura Wisland, who works on energy policy for the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The easy part is bringing renewables onto the grid,” she says. “How do we actually turn down the fossil at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t long ago that solar energy was considered an expensive, niche technology. Then, in 2002, California lawmakers passed the first renewable mandate, requiring utilities to put 20 percent renewable energy onto the grid. Opponents cautioned that the technology would be too expensive and unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of those fears were really unfounded,” says Wisland. “The cost of renewable energy has come down quite significantly.” Today, solar and wind are competitive with natural gas power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years that followed, California lawmakers got even more ambitious, requiring 33 percent renewables by 2020 and 50 percent by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Z1G6u/8/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the most important things we’ve done over the years is the legislature has set goals that are within reach but seem like stretch goals at the time,” Wisland says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, about a third of California’s electricity comes from renewables, including solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and small hydropower dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar installations, in particular, skyrocketed. In just five years, solar went from less than 1 percent of California’s in-state electricity generation in 2012 to over 11 percent in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But electricity from natural gas has also held steady. In 2017, it represented more than 40 percent of California’s in-state generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s because solar energy has fundamentally shifted the way the state’s electric grid is run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Balancing the Grid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because solar energy has fundamentally shifted the way the state’s electric grid is run. When the majority of Californians turn on their lights, it’s due in large part to about a dozen people staring at a wall of screens in Folsom, California. It’s the California Independent System Operator, which runs most of the state’s grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1930976\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-800x388.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-800x388.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-160x78.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-768x372.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-1020x494.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-1200x581.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-1920x930.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-1180x572.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-960x465.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-240x116.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-375x182.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO-520x252.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ISO.jpg 1930w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The control room at California’s grid operation center in Folsom, California. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly solving a constant problem,” said Nancy Traweek, who directs systems operations there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I visited two years ago, it was a sunny day, which meant the state’s solar farms were cranking out electricity. But solar presents a few tricky problems for grid operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within an hour, you could have a cloud come over a solar field and then a few minutes later move away and then come back over,” Traweek said. That would cause the power supply to drop suddenly. “That needs to come from somewhere else immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar electricity also drops off as the sun sets, but that is the time when the state needs electricity the most, because Californians are coming home from work and turning their lights on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So grid operators have to keep natural gas plants running in the background. If they’re turned off, they can take as long as eight hours to start up if the power plant hasn’t been run recently\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But running solar and natural gas together during the day can create more electricity than is needed, especially in the spring and fall, when Californians aren’t running their air air conditioners. And flooding the grid with too much power can cause it to fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we really [have] to start cutting as much as we possibly can,” said Traweek. “If that’s not done, then you could have a blackout.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, grid operators have to tell solar farms to shut off. And it’s happening more and more often. So far this year, California has \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/informed/Pages/ManagingOversupply.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forgone enough solar electricity\u003c/a> to power San Francisco for 20 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making Space for Solar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of that problem is that we’re not making enough room for solar on the grid,” says Wisland. “There’s a lot of different ways to deal with that issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra solar energy could be stored in large batteries or other energy storage technologies, or it could be shared with neighboring states. That would preclude the necessity of turning it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can do more to shift our electricity demand to the middle of the day, so that we’re taking advantage of that solar resource,” Wisland says. “We can also do more to make investments in different types of renewable generation technologies that actually do generate during the nighttime. Examples of that are geothermal or wind, especially wind in other places in the West.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has mandated that California utilities install energy storage. Many of those solutions, however, are still being developed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe that’s why the natural gas industry isn’t quite as worried as you’d think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bulk of the modern gas fleet is going to stick around and be needed for a while,” says Matt Barmack of Calpine, which owns 20 natural gas power plants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the big batteries on the grid only store several hours worth of electricity. That is not enough to fill big energy gaps created by the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not just hours or days, but weeks when solar generation is low and wind generation is low,” Barmack says. “And gas is very good for getting through those kinds of events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can’t Compete\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the rise in solar power has upended the economic model for many natural gas plants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to be that we would generate the most in the afternoon,” Barmack says. Now, that’s when solar is available at a very low price, and the electricity from natural gas power can’t compete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s getting harder, and there’s definitely less compensation available from the energy market,” says Barmack. “We’ve retired several plants already probably before the end of their economically useful lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barmack says there’s a real risk that many natural gas power plants will go out of business while California still needs them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think in some cases that’s OK, because that’s a market signal that the generation from those plants isn’t necessary anymore,” says Wisland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there needs to be a careful exit strategy for natural gas power, he says. Some natural gas plants are located in places where they’re important to ensure reliable power for a local area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear that there is going to be a role for some natural gas on the system,” Wisland says. “And in those cases, we will need to have a conversation about whether it’s necessary to rethink the way certain natural gas plants get paid, at least in the short term, so that they don’t retire before we’re ready to replace them with a cleaner resource.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be through an existing special energy market in California, known as “resource adequacy.” Power plants get payments that way simply for being available to ensure the grid can function reliably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some argue those annual payments aren’t enough to keep natural gas power plants around. That’s already \u003ca href=\"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/pges-landmark-energy-storage-projects-snagged-by-pushback/530007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led to a controversy\u003c/a> over one of Calpine’s natural gas power plants, which was granted extra payments from the grid operators to stay open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Long-Term Outlook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California’s 2045 goal could mean the end of fossil fuel plants as they operate today, there could be a way for them to survive. The state’s electricity doesn’t only have to come from renewable energy, but “clean” sources that don’t produce emissions. That could include large hydropower dams or fossil fuels that don’t release emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Calpine says it’s looking at capturing the carbon emissions from its power plants and trapping them, a technology known as carbon capture and storage. But the technology is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/485125/despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still in its early days\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s safe to say that it’s at the pilot phase,” says Barmack. “It’s definitely something we’re interested in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question remains about how fast technology like energy storage will develop to augment renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can do a lot with wind, solar and storage technology, but it’s very difficult to squeeze the last bit of gas generation out of the system,” says Barmack. “How far do we really want to go,” he says, alluding to the state’s new 100 percent goal. “Is 95 percent enough, given that 95 percent is likely to be a lot less expensive than 100 percent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “2045 is a really long time away, and we’ve got a lot of tools on the table already to get there,” says Wisland. “California never ceases to surpass and exceed people’s expectations in terms of what we can come up with when we set our minds to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, at least, the state has met every one of its renewable energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"programs": [
"science_5376"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_5141",
"science_3423"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_4203",
"science_134",
"science_3370",
"science_3301"
],
"featImg": "science_1930978",
"label": "science_5376"
},
"science_1930643": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930643",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930643",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1536562873000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "outlook-grim-but-not-hopeless-as-climate-summit-convenes-in-san-francisco",
"title": "Outlook Grim But Not Hopeless as Climate Summit Convenes in San Francisco",
"publishDate": 1536562873,
"format": "audio",
"headTitle": "Outlook Grim But Not Hopeless as Climate Summit Convenes in San Francisco | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>This week corporate and civic leaders from around the world will gather in San Francisco for the \u003ca href=\"http://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort was spearheaded by Gov. Jerry Brown to move the fight against global warming beyond the national commitments made in Paris nearly three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Thirty years ago we predicted it in the models — and now I’m feeling it. I’m experiencing it.’\u003ccite>Inez Fung, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Look, it’s up to you and it’s up to me and tens of millions of other people to get it together to roll back the forces of carbonization,” says Brown in a promotional video for the summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is likely to be Brown’s last big climate event before he leaves office next year, and it comes at a time when many scientists agree that time is running out for a major counteroffensive against global warming, which Brown has repeatedly called an “existential threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not prepared,” says Inez Fung, an atmospheric scientist at UC Berkeley, who can see the accelerated effects of a warming planet all around her, from raging wildfires in the western U.S. to death-dealing floods in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thirty years ago we predicted it in the models,” she says, “and now I’m feeling it. I’m experiencing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘None of the students in my classes have grown up in a normal climate. None of them.’\u003ccite>Bill Collins, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., the average temperature has risen almost 2 degrees Fahrenheit since the start of the 20th Century. \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In California\u003c/a>, the heat has been turned up unevenly, with portions of the state warming over the same period by anywhere from one, to nearly three degrees. (The South Coast of California has experienced the biggest rise.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/wJL49/6/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the global oven was first fired up with the burning of fossil fuels more than 200 years ago, scientists say a certain amount of future warming is already “baked in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We released enough carbon dioxide to continue warming the climate for several centuries to come,” observes Bill Collins, who directs climate and ecological science at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were to stop emissions entirely of all greenhouse gases right this minute,” he reckons, “we’d see roughly another half a degree centigrade … by the end of the 21st Century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s almost a full degree (Fahrenheit) already in the pipeline. So even if we shut down all emissions — which is not happening — we might still get to the 3.5 F threshold where scientists say the worst effects of climate change would kick in. (This is normally expressed by scientists as 2 degrees Celsius, which is the same as 3.5 F).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But Wait, There’s More!\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing years now that basically blow the roof off of records that have been maintained by the National Climate Data Service back to the late 19th century,” notes Collins — and then a remarkable thought occurs to him:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of the students in my classes have grown up in a normal climate,” he adds. “None of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about that. On the flipside, if you’re over, say 30 years old and can actually recall “normal,” well, that’s over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to say that all the projections that were made 30 years ago are still valid,” says Fung. “The only thing we had not anticipated … is that the CO2 increases much faster than we ever thought that it would.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the pledges made in Paris by nearly every nation in the world (the U.S. is alone among signatories in \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/planetpolicy/2018/06/01/one-year-since-trumps-withdrawal-from-the-paris-climate-agreement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backing out\u003c/a> of the climate accord, under the Trump administration), emissions are still rising. And even those historic commitments — if they’re all kept — won’t be sufficient to turn things around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, we’re already beyond that,” says Fung. “The commitments, I think, are very good start, but they’re just not adequate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don’t Give Up the Ship\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this grim talk might lead one to ask what point there is in trying to reverse the climate train. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently refined climate models\u003c/a> suggest that aggressively cutting emissions could improve future life on Earth in significant ways — or at least blunt the impact of continued warming. It could, for example, reduce periods of extreme heat in Sacramento from two weeks a year to as little as two days. The Sierra snowpack might shrink by “just” 20 percent, rather than 75 percent. That’s the optimistic scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s climate summit will pull together mayors, state and provincial governors, scientists and corporate leaders to keep momentum going with \u003ca href=\"https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“subnational” actions\u003c/a> to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They’ll be joined by major players such as former Vice President Al Gore and former Secretary of State John Kerry, who signed the Paris accord on behalf of the U.S. with his tiny granddaughter perched on his lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the themes attendees will discuss is, “key building blocks required to peak global emissions by 2020,” a goal that seems wildly optimistic given current trajectories and with most of 2018 already behind us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930832\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1704px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930832\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: traffic on I-80 near Crockett, CA\" width=\"1704\" height=\"2272\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009.jpg 1704w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1704px) 100vw, 1704px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transportation is the single largest source of climate emissions in California. After leveling off briefly, emissions from cars and trucks have been rising again. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“First thing we have to do as a global community is reverse course rather sharply,” says Collins. “We think it is technically feasible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically feasible, perhaps — but not easy. California, for instance, has the nation’s most aggressive efforts to cut greenhouse gases and overall, it’s working: total emissions are down 13 percent since 2004. And still, climate \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2016/ghg_inventory_trends_00-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions from cars and trucks\u003c/a> have been on the rise in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our cars are literally our time machines,” says Collins.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike Doc Brown’s Delorean in the 1983 film, Back to the Future, Collins says most cars are driving us backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re taking the atmosphere to a chemical state that it has not been in for millions of years.” he says. “Currently, we have as much carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere as we did five million years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world 5 millions years ago was not “our” world. There were early ancestors of humans and the first tree sloths, but \u003ci>mammoths\u003c/i> had yet to appear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our steam engines, our factories, our cars, in the space of a little over 230 years since the start of industrialization, since the first steam engine,” notes Collins. “In 230 years they’ve taken us back five million years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Collins says we have about 25 years — roughly one generation — to reverse course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Fung both have their glimmers of optimism that technology and the boom in solar, wind and other forms of clean energy could quickly reduce climate emissions. Fung points to the young college students passing by us on campus as her best hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I am optimistic about the young people. I’m optimistic that they are taking — they’re very proactive about the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fung and Collins agree that time is what’s running out.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "But scientists still insist that it's not too late to save ourselves from the most menacing impacts of global warming. What can another \"summit\" contribute?",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1727135649,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"iframeSrcs": [
"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/wJL49/6/"
],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 36,
"wordCount": 1287
},
"headData": {
"title": "Outlook Grim But Not Hopeless as Climate Summit Convenes in San Francisco | KQED",
"description": "But scientists still insist that it's not too late to save ourselves from the most menacing impacts of global warming. What can another "summit" contribute?",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Outlook Grim But Not Hopeless as Climate Summit Convenes in San Francisco",
"datePublished": "2018-09-10T00:01:13-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-09-23T16:54:09-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "Climate",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/09/MillerStateofClimate.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 430,
"path": "/science/1930643/outlook-grim-but-not-hopeless-as-climate-summit-convenes-in-san-francisco",
"audioDuration": 452000,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week corporate and civic leaders from around the world will gather in San Francisco for the \u003ca href=\"http://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort was spearheaded by Gov. Jerry Brown to move the fight against global warming beyond the national commitments made in Paris nearly three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Thirty years ago we predicted it in the models — and now I’m feeling it. I’m experiencing it.’\u003ccite>Inez Fung, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Look, it’s up to you and it’s up to me and tens of millions of other people to get it together to roll back the forces of carbonization,” says Brown in a promotional video for the summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is likely to be Brown’s last big climate event before he leaves office next year, and it comes at a time when many scientists agree that time is running out for a major counteroffensive against global warming, which Brown has repeatedly called an “existential threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not prepared,” says Inez Fung, an atmospheric scientist at UC Berkeley, who can see the accelerated effects of a warming planet all around her, from raging wildfires in the western U.S. to death-dealing floods in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thirty years ago we predicted it in the models,” she says, “and now I’m feeling it. I’m experiencing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘None of the students in my classes have grown up in a normal climate. None of them.’\u003ccite>Bill Collins, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., the average temperature has risen almost 2 degrees Fahrenheit since the start of the 20th Century. \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In California\u003c/a>, the heat has been turned up unevenly, with portions of the state warming over the same period by anywhere from one, to nearly three degrees. (The South Coast of California has experienced the biggest rise.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/wJL49/6/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the global oven was first fired up with the burning of fossil fuels more than 200 years ago, scientists say a certain amount of future warming is already “baked in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We released enough carbon dioxide to continue warming the climate for several centuries to come,” observes Bill Collins, who directs climate and ecological science at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were to stop emissions entirely of all greenhouse gases right this minute,” he reckons, “we’d see roughly another half a degree centigrade … by the end of the 21st Century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s almost a full degree (Fahrenheit) already in the pipeline. So even if we shut down all emissions — which is not happening — we might still get to the 3.5 F threshold where scientists say the worst effects of climate change would kick in. (This is normally expressed by scientists as 2 degrees Celsius, which is the same as 3.5 F).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But Wait, There’s More!\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing years now that basically blow the roof off of records that have been maintained by the National Climate Data Service back to the late 19th century,” notes Collins — and then a remarkable thought occurs to him:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of the students in my classes have grown up in a normal climate,” he adds. “None of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about that. On the flipside, if you’re over, say 30 years old and can actually recall “normal,” well, that’s over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to say that all the projections that were made 30 years ago are still valid,” says Fung. “The only thing we had not anticipated … is that the CO2 increases much faster than we ever thought that it would.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the pledges made in Paris by nearly every nation in the world (the U.S. is alone among signatories in \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/planetpolicy/2018/06/01/one-year-since-trumps-withdrawal-from-the-paris-climate-agreement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backing out\u003c/a> of the climate accord, under the Trump administration), emissions are still rising. And even those historic commitments — if they’re all kept — won’t be sufficient to turn things around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, we’re already beyond that,” says Fung. “The commitments, I think, are very good start, but they’re just not adequate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don’t Give Up the Ship\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this grim talk might lead one to ask what point there is in trying to reverse the climate train. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently refined climate models\u003c/a> suggest that aggressively cutting emissions could improve future life on Earth in significant ways — or at least blunt the impact of continued warming. It could, for example, reduce periods of extreme heat in Sacramento from two weeks a year to as little as two days. The Sierra snowpack might shrink by “just” 20 percent, rather than 75 percent. That’s the optimistic scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s climate summit will pull together mayors, state and provincial governors, scientists and corporate leaders to keep momentum going with \u003ca href=\"https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“subnational” actions\u003c/a> to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They’ll be joined by major players such as former Vice President Al Gore and former Secretary of State John Kerry, who signed the Paris accord on behalf of the U.S. with his tiny granddaughter perched on his lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the themes attendees will discuss is, “key building blocks required to peak global emissions by 2020,” a goal that seems wildly optimistic given current trajectories and with most of 2018 already behind us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930832\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1704px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930832\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: traffic on I-80 near Crockett, CA\" width=\"1704\" height=\"2272\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009.jpg 1704w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/RS879_Download090427-009-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1704px) 100vw, 1704px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transportation is the single largest source of climate emissions in California. After leveling off briefly, emissions from cars and trucks have been rising again. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“First thing we have to do as a global community is reverse course rather sharply,” says Collins. “We think it is technically feasible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically feasible, perhaps — but not easy. California, for instance, has the nation’s most aggressive efforts to cut greenhouse gases and overall, it’s working: total emissions are down 13 percent since 2004. And still, climate \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2016/ghg_inventory_trends_00-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions from cars and trucks\u003c/a> have been on the rise in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our cars are literally our time machines,” says Collins.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike Doc Brown’s Delorean in the 1983 film, Back to the Future, Collins says most cars are driving us backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re taking the atmosphere to a chemical state that it has not been in for millions of years.” he says. “Currently, we have as much carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere as we did five million years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world 5 millions years ago was not “our” world. There were early ancestors of humans and the first tree sloths, but \u003ci>mammoths\u003c/i> had yet to appear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our steam engines, our factories, our cars, in the space of a little over 230 years since the start of industrialization, since the first steam engine,” notes Collins. “In 230 years they’ve taken us back five million years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Collins says we have about 25 years — roughly one generation — to reverse course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Fung both have their glimmers of optimism that technology and the boom in solar, wind and other forms of clean energy could quickly reduce climate emissions. Fung points to the young college students passing by us on campus as her best hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I am optimistic about the young people. I’m optimistic that they are taking — they’re very proactive about the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fung and Collins agree that time is what’s running out.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930643/outlook-grim-but-not-hopeless-as-climate-summit-convenes-in-san-francisco",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"programs": [
"science_5376"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_40",
"science_5141",
"science_3423"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3370",
"science_556",
"science_2164"
],
"featImg": "science_1930823",
"label": "source_science_1930643"
},
"science_1930718": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930718",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930718",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1536325259000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1536325259,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Your Guide to Public Events Around the Global Climate Action Summit",
"headTitle": "Your Guide to Public Events Around the Global Climate Action Summit | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Experts and luminaries from around the world will descend on San Francisco for the \u003ca href=\"https://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit\u003c/a>, September 12 to 14. And while the summit itself is open only to credentialed attendees, hundreds of events around the Bay Area will provide opportunities to explore the climate challenge and solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These side events include panels, art exhibits, film screenings — even cooking workshops, just to scratch the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a guide to just some of the week’s worth of scheduled activities, in chronological order, with links to more information about each event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1930760\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132.jpeg 525w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.greenfilmfest.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Green Film Festival\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 6-14\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCastro Theater\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe eighth annual festival, which coincides with this year’s climate summit, will feature dozens of environmental films from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1930761\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1020x726.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1020x726.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--160x114.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--800x569.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--768x546.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1200x854.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1920x1366.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1180x840.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--960x683.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--240x171.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--375x267.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--520x370.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.greenglamworld.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green Glam SF\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 7, 5:30–11:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco City Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Features some of the leaders behind the green economy: innovators, health practitioners and leaders in sustainability industries will gather to celebrate communities working for environmental preservation and the health of future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/events/events-listing/5-first-fridays/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changing Climates\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 7, 6–10 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Science Center\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An interactive exhibit that will explore the impact of climate change on Earth and the mysterious climates of other planets. Create clouds, learn about the greenhouse effect, and explore how cities are preparing for rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfarts.org/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Culture for Climate\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 8-16\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Multiple locations\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A creative collaboration of 12 San Francisco arts and cultural organizations. Tour some of San Francisco’s most stunning architecture and get inspired by world-class art and cultural programming. Participating organizations include the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Contemporary Jewish Museum, Museum of the African Diaspora, and the Children’s Creativity Museum. For more information on each organization’s programming, visit \u003ca href=\"https://sfarts.org/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sfarts.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://minnesotastreetproject.com/exhibitions/1275-minnesota-st/trace-evidence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trace Evidence: A Cross-Cultural Dialogue on Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 8-29\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Minnesota Street Project\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a media exhibition and panel discussion with visual artists from China and the U.S. Panelists will explore environmental change in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ca.riseforclimate.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate March: Rise for Climate, Jobs, and Justice Mobilization\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 8, 10 a.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Meet at Embarcadero Plaza\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of an \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/5AqlCKr6MvTgBPLIp2puT?domain=riseforclimate.org\">“international day of action,\u003c/a>” it’s being billed as the largest climate march ever on the West Coast. The San Francisco march starts at Embarcadero Plaza and will head southwest on Market Street and end at Civic Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sec2sv.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Startup Europe Comes to Silicon Valley\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 9 -15\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Multiple locations\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual event brings together founders, investors, and policy-makers from the European Union entrepreneurial ecosystem and Silicon Valley. A variety of topics will be covered including digital marketing, education, cyber security, and robotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1930778\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"828\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week.png 828w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-160x158.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-800x788.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-768x757.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-240x237.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-375x370.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-520x512.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-96x96.png 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zerofoodprint.org/diningweekreserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zero Foodprint Dining Week\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10-16\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Multiple locations\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participating restaurants and food vendors in the Bay Area have pledged to go carbon-neutral for the week. They hope to raise awareness about how food choices relate to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930848 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"793\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-160x127.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-800x634.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-768x609.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-960x761.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-240x190.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-375x297.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-520x412.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/climatesummit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adaptation By Design | Resilient By Design Storefront and Exhibition\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10-14\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Resilient by Design Storefront\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event will explore how communities can become more resilient to climate impacts. Local leaders, residents, and international experts in design, ecology, engineering and architecture will present community-based solutions . Participants will examine how communities grapple with planning for long-term impacts from sea level rise while balancing current challenges like transportation and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1033247201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gravity of Today: Visions of Tomorrow\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10-15\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco Public Library\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring an art exhibition that presents various possible outcomes of a world affected by climate change. The exhibit runs through October 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://groundswell.org/gcas2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sharing Power: Paving the Way Toward Inclusive Solar Access\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nMonday, September 10, 8:30 – 10:30 a.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Mitchell Park Community Center\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a breakfast discussion that will explore finance models for solar energy that can expand access for low and moderate-income communities. Topics will include specific case studies in both rural and urban settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://globalclimateactionsummit.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Managing Lands in a Changing Climate\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>UC Davis\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day-long symposium will explore innovative strategies and actions that promote agricultural resilience, food security, and health in a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnps.org/event/urban-biodiverse-city-summit-at-the-global-climate-action-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BiodiverseCity\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/biodiversecity-summit-at-the-global-climate-action-summit-tickets-48901157679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Summit\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Sept. 10, 1 – 8 p.m\u003cem>.\u003cbr>\nExploratorium\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring various panels and talks on urban nature conservation best practices and the latest thinking from San Francisco and other cities showcasing the role of urban biodiversity for climate resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/300256513864829/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stories From the Frontlines: California Youth Climate Leaders\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10, 6 -9 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Venue to be determined\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth climate leaders from across California will share stories about resistance to pipelines, toxic power plants, water privatization and more. Also featuring a pop-up art gallery and theater show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.inyenyeri.com/global-climate-action-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cooking to Cool the Planet: An Evening of Flavors, Innovation, and Inspiration from Rwanda\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10, 6:30 – 8:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Randall Museum\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a fuel stove system that delivers clean cooking. A staff from Rwanda will cook traditional foods on low-emission pellet stoves. Napa wines will be served. There will also be a screening of a film on the connections among deforestation, cooking, and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1930842 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-1020x496.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-1020x496.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-160x78.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-800x389.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-768x373.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-1200x584.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-1180x574.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-960x467.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-240x117.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-375x182.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-520x253.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle.png 1386w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"\">\u003cspan class=\"\">\u003cspan class=\"\">\u003ca href=\"https://globalclimateactionsummit.org/events/experience-low-income-solar-policy-innovation-in-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Experience Low-Income Solar Policy Innovation in Action\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 11, 9-3pm\u003cbr>\nRSVP: \u003ca href=\"mailto:gmcnamara@gridalternatives.org\">gmcnamara@gridalternatives.org\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/span>Elected officials, academics and NGO leaders will come together to showcase California’s efforts in making clean energy accessible to low-income communities.\u003cspan class=\"\">GRID Alternatives, a national leader in making solar technology more accessible, will be joined by leading energy expert Dr. Dan Kammen and California Senator Kevin de León to host a live solar installation event.\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cccsf.us/infinite-cycle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Infinite Cycle: Art Intervention\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 11-Oct. 21\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chinese Cultural Center\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAn exhibition that explores how arts organizations leverage civic awareness of environmental issues through art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cca.edu/calendar/2018/sarah-bird-vision-mapping-giants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarah Bird: A Vision for Mapping Giants\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 11-14\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>California College of the Arts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artist Sarah Bird will present her photographic project to create a life-size portrait of a California coastal redwood tree. The project addresses the need to protect the climate and habitat of the trees by bearing witness to their magnificence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.csiro.us/en/News/The-future-of-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Future of Water and Networking Panel\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 11, 7:30 -10 a.m.\u003cbr>\nTo RSVP: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Trista.Acevedo@csiro.au\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trista.Acevedo@csiro.au\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from around the world are searching for solutions and disruptive technologies to manage water shortage, measure water quality and increase distribution inefficiencies. A unique opportunity to engage with experts for breakfast to discuss where the future of water is going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930843 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-240x120.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-375x188.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-520x260.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/womens-assembly-for-climate-justice-women-leading-solutions-on-the-frontlines-of-climate-change-tickets-46867064652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Women’s Assembly for Climate Justice\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sept. 11, 1-8:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>The Green Room\u003ci>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003ci>*\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/WECAN.Intl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>Or online via Facebook livestream\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring international advocates, policy-makers, and indigenous women leaders, the conference will focus on environmental injustice and explore root causes of the climate crisis. Participants will also present projects and strategies for shaping a healthy and equitable world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/innovation-and-climate-adaptation-in-San-Francisco-Bay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Innovation and Climate Adaptation In San Francisco Bay\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 12, 6 p.m.-8:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Exploratorium\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a panel of Bay Area experts, including museum educators, scientists, resilience designers, and policy leaders. Participants will share approaches to climate adaptation that help create a better future for the Bay and its communities. \u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theclimatemusicproject.org/play-for-the-planet-september-12th/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Play for the Planet\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 12, Noon\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco Public Library (Fulton Street side)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An interactive outdoor event with musical and spoken-word artists. Hosted by the ClimateMusic Project, a science and arts collaboration that uses music to teach people about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Fzb7CJ6PLru6ZYpHV7P_R?domain=c40.org\">Cities4Climate: The Future Is Us\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 12, 1–4:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco City Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A conference led by global mayors on the innovative work being done by cities to drive sustainable climate action and build more resilient communities. Mayors will share how local leadership can be highly effective in a partisan political landscape. Also participating will be business leaders, entrepreneurs and climate experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.climatesolutionsgroup.org/bios-of-participants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Food, Fiber, and Fungi – the “Carbon Pioneers”\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 12, 5:30-8:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Presidio Officers Club\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An evening seminar with Bay Area groups working on economically viable climate innovations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/after-dark/september-13-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Dark: Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 13, 2018, 6 p.m.–10 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Exploratorium\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring interactive exhibits exploring perception, art, and science at our adults-only After Dark. Grab your friends and a drink and get immersed in mind-bending experiences and unique, thought-provoking programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ei.haas.berkeley.edu/events/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Building the Evidence Base for Accelerated Climate Action\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 13, 2:30 -5:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Orange Silicon Valley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hosted by UC Berkeley and the Brookings Institution , the event features a distinguished panel of experts offering their perspectives on the scale and urgency of climate challenge. The event will be followed by a reception where summit delegates and other attendees can interact with members of the UC Berkeley and Brookings communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/how-front-line-communities-could-benefit-from-a-carbon-dividend-tickets-48991394580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Front Line Communities Could Benefit from a Carbon Dividend \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 13, 3 -5 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Google Community Space\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities on the front lines of certain industries are disproportionately affected by these sources of pollution. The panel will highlight the conditions currently faced by front line communities, as well as the positive economic benefits that might be generated by the adoption of a nationwide carbon fee and the distribution of a household carbon dividend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930847 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_.png 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-800x466.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-768x448.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-960x560.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-240x140.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-375x219.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-520x303.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterpavilion.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Water Pavilion\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 13-14\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt 0in\">A two-day conference about water’s unique role both in climate impacts and climate solutions. Over 200 leaders from across the globe will present in-depth panels, cutting-edge technologies, and pop-up presentations. There will also be a presentation about a project for citizen scientists to crowdsource water quality data and show hot spots of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"font_8\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.climatesolutionsgroup.org/friday-workshops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get the Dirt on Dirt / Is Money Really Green? \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 14, 8:30 am – 11:45 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Presidio Officers Club\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"font_8\">Featuring panel discussions on the next generation of climate solution designs including regenerative agriculture, healthy soil promotion, innovative urban infrastructure and marine permaculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.climatesolutionsgroup.org/friday-afternoon-workshop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"color_23\">Visionaries Reimagining Living Systems\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"color_23\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 14, 1:15-5:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Presidio Officers Club\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A creative workshop covering subjects rarely considered together: a systems view of life and its relationship to agriculture, economies and a sustainable future; challenges with human perceptions in the 21st Century; and conversations on carbon, environmental literacy, and advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/the-2009-epa-endangerment-finding-even-stronger-evidence-in-2018-tickets-48573416396\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The 2009 EPA Endangerment Finding: Even Stronger Evidence in 2018\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 14, 8:30 am-10:30 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco Marriott Marquis\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a discussion among experts about the decision by the Environmental Protection Agency known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/endangerment-and-cause-or-contribute-findings-greenhouse-gases-under-section-202a-clean\">Endangerment Finding\u003c/a>. This finding provides foundational support for important aspects of U.S. climate policy. Recently, speculation that EPA may revisit the Endangerment Finding has been widespread. This event assembles a panel of scholars to review how the strength of the scientific evidence for endangerment has grown since 2009. Leading experts in the science of climate impacts will discuss how this new evidence lends increased support to the conclusion that these gases pose a danger to the public health and welfare. The program includes breakfast, brief presentations on key elements of the Endangerment Finding, and moderated discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bureauoflinguisticalreality.com/2018/09/06/come-make-a-word-sat-sept-15-sun-sept-16-at-ybca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Come Make a Word\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 15-16, 12pm-5pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Yerba Buena Center for the Arts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come share your emotions and experiences related to climate change, brainstorm a new word and more. Hosted by the Bureau of Linguistical Reality, an art exhibit focused on creating new language as means of better understanding our rapidly changing world due to manmade climate change and other Anthropocenic events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"listing-hero-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/water-fire-earth-air-mcevoy-foundation-for-the-arts-tickets-49446512851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water, Fire, Earth, Air\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 29, 3pm-6pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>McEvoy Foundation for the Arts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a panel discussion with four artists who are translating climate change science into art. Participating artists include Rosten Woo, an LA based artist who will be sharing Mutual Air, a public sound sculpture launching next year; Don Hankins, a traditional fire practitioner who will be sharing traditional fire practices that can lead to a more resilient landscape; Eve Mosher will examine the critical relationship between waterways, climate change and urban areas; and Ranu Mukherjee will share three recent projects that weave together historical, cultural and ecological implications of migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 2020,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 70
},
"modified": 1704927520,
"excerpt": "A guide to some of the events planned around San Francisco's Global Climate Action Summit. From art installations and cooking workshops to film screenings and fashion shows, there's something for everyone. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A guide to some of the events planned around San Francisco's Global Climate Action Summit. From art installations and cooking workshops to film screenings and fashion shows, there's something for everyone. ",
"title": "Your Guide to Public Events Around the Global Climate Action Summit | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Your Guide to Public Events Around the Global Climate Action Summit",
"datePublished": "2018-09-07T06:00:59-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:58:40-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "your-guide-to-public-events-around-the-global-climate-action-summit",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Events",
"path": "/science/1930718/your-guide-to-public-events-around-the-global-climate-action-summit",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Experts and luminaries from around the world will descend on San Francisco for the \u003ca href=\"https://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit\u003c/a>, September 12 to 14. And while the summit itself is open only to credentialed attendees, hundreds of events around the Bay Area will provide opportunities to explore the climate challenge and solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These side events include panels, art exhibits, film screenings — even cooking workshops, just to scratch the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a guide to just some of the week’s worth of scheduled activities, in chronological order, with links to more information about each event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1930760\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132.jpeg 525w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pexels-photo-1117132-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.greenfilmfest.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Green Film Festival\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 6-14\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCastro Theater\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe eighth annual festival, which coincides with this year’s climate summit, will feature dozens of environmental films from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1930761\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1020x726.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1020x726.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--160x114.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--800x569.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--768x546.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1200x854.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1920x1366.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--1180x840.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--960x683.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--240x171.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--375x267.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Green-Glam-GLOBAL-SUMMIT-CALENDAR--520x370.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.greenglamworld.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green Glam SF\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 7, 5:30–11:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco City Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Features some of the leaders behind the green economy: innovators, health practitioners and leaders in sustainability industries will gather to celebrate communities working for environmental preservation and the health of future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/events/events-listing/5-first-fridays/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changing Climates\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 7, 6–10 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Science Center\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An interactive exhibit that will explore the impact of climate change on Earth and the mysterious climates of other planets. Create clouds, learn about the greenhouse effect, and explore how cities are preparing for rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfarts.org/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Culture for Climate\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 8-16\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Multiple locations\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A creative collaboration of 12 San Francisco arts and cultural organizations. Tour some of San Francisco’s most stunning architecture and get inspired by world-class art and cultural programming. Participating organizations include the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Contemporary Jewish Museum, Museum of the African Diaspora, and the Children’s Creativity Museum. For more information on each organization’s programming, visit \u003ca href=\"https://sfarts.org/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sfarts.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://minnesotastreetproject.com/exhibitions/1275-minnesota-st/trace-evidence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trace Evidence: A Cross-Cultural Dialogue on Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 8-29\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Minnesota Street Project\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a media exhibition and panel discussion with visual artists from China and the U.S. Panelists will explore environmental change in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ca.riseforclimate.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate March: Rise for Climate, Jobs, and Justice Mobilization\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 8, 10 a.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Meet at Embarcadero Plaza\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of an \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/5AqlCKr6MvTgBPLIp2puT?domain=riseforclimate.org\">“international day of action,\u003c/a>” it’s being billed as the largest climate march ever on the West Coast. The San Francisco march starts at Embarcadero Plaza and will head southwest on Market Street and end at Civic Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sec2sv.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Startup Europe Comes to Silicon Valley\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 9 -15\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Multiple locations\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual event brings together founders, investors, and policy-makers from the European Union entrepreneurial ecosystem and Silicon Valley. A variety of topics will be covered including digital marketing, education, cyber security, and robotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1930778\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"828\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week.png 828w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-160x158.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-800x788.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-768x757.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-240x237.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-375x370.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-520x512.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ZFP-dining-week-96x96.png 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zerofoodprint.org/diningweekreserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zero Foodprint Dining Week\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10-16\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Multiple locations\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participating restaurants and food vendors in the Bay Area have pledged to go carbon-neutral for the week. They hope to raise awareness about how food choices relate to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930848 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"793\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-160x127.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-800x634.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-768x609.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-960x761.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-240x190.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-375x297.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ClimateSummit4-520x412.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/climatesummit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adaptation By Design | Resilient By Design Storefront and Exhibition\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10-14\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Resilient by Design Storefront\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event will explore how communities can become more resilient to climate impacts. Local leaders, residents, and international experts in design, ecology, engineering and architecture will present community-based solutions . Participants will examine how communities grapple with planning for long-term impacts from sea level rise while balancing current challenges like transportation and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1033247201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gravity of Today: Visions of Tomorrow\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10-15\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco Public Library\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring an art exhibition that presents various possible outcomes of a world affected by climate change. The exhibit runs through October 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://groundswell.org/gcas2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sharing Power: Paving the Way Toward Inclusive Solar Access\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nMonday, September 10, 8:30 – 10:30 a.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Mitchell Park Community Center\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a breakfast discussion that will explore finance models for solar energy that can expand access for low and moderate-income communities. Topics will include specific case studies in both rural and urban settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://globalclimateactionsummit.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Managing Lands in a Changing Climate\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>UC Davis\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day-long symposium will explore innovative strategies and actions that promote agricultural resilience, food security, and health in a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnps.org/event/urban-biodiverse-city-summit-at-the-global-climate-action-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BiodiverseCity\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/biodiversecity-summit-at-the-global-climate-action-summit-tickets-48901157679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Summit\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Sept. 10, 1 – 8 p.m\u003cem>.\u003cbr>\nExploratorium\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring various panels and talks on urban nature conservation best practices and the latest thinking from San Francisco and other cities showcasing the role of urban biodiversity for climate resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/300256513864829/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stories From the Frontlines: California Youth Climate Leaders\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10, 6 -9 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Venue to be determined\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth climate leaders from across California will share stories about resistance to pipelines, toxic power plants, water privatization and more. Also featuring a pop-up art gallery and theater show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.inyenyeri.com/global-climate-action-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cooking to Cool the Planet: An Evening of Flavors, Innovation, and Inspiration from Rwanda\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 10, 6:30 – 8:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Randall Museum\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a fuel stove system that delivers clean cooking. A staff from Rwanda will cook traditional foods on low-emission pellet stoves. Napa wines will be served. There will also be a screening of a film on the connections among deforestation, cooking, and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1930842 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-1020x496.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-1020x496.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-160x78.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-800x389.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-768x373.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-1200x584.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-1180x574.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-960x467.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-240x117.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-375x182.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle-520x253.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Infinite-Cycle.png 1386w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"\">\u003cspan class=\"\">\u003cspan class=\"\">\u003ca href=\"https://globalclimateactionsummit.org/events/experience-low-income-solar-policy-innovation-in-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Experience Low-Income Solar Policy Innovation in Action\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 11, 9-3pm\u003cbr>\nRSVP: \u003ca href=\"mailto:gmcnamara@gridalternatives.org\">gmcnamara@gridalternatives.org\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/span>Elected officials, academics and NGO leaders will come together to showcase California’s efforts in making clean energy accessible to low-income communities.\u003cspan class=\"\">GRID Alternatives, a national leader in making solar technology more accessible, will be joined by leading energy expert Dr. Dan Kammen and California Senator Kevin de León to host a live solar installation event.\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cccsf.us/infinite-cycle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Infinite Cycle: Art Intervention\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 11-Oct. 21\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chinese Cultural Center\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAn exhibition that explores how arts organizations leverage civic awareness of environmental issues through art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cca.edu/calendar/2018/sarah-bird-vision-mapping-giants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarah Bird: A Vision for Mapping Giants\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 11-14\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>California College of the Arts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artist Sarah Bird will present her photographic project to create a life-size portrait of a California coastal redwood tree. The project addresses the need to protect the climate and habitat of the trees by bearing witness to their magnificence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.csiro.us/en/News/The-future-of-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Future of Water and Networking Panel\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 11, 7:30 -10 a.m.\u003cbr>\nTo RSVP: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Trista.Acevedo@csiro.au\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trista.Acevedo@csiro.au\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from around the world are searching for solutions and disruptive technologies to manage water shortage, measure water quality and increase distribution inefficiencies. A unique opportunity to engage with experts for breakfast to discuss where the future of water is going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930843 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-240x120.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-375x188.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/https_2F2Fcdn.evbuc_.com2Fimages2F458585192F1919621462642F12Foriginal-520x260.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/womens-assembly-for-climate-justice-women-leading-solutions-on-the-frontlines-of-climate-change-tickets-46867064652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Women’s Assembly for Climate Justice\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sept. 11, 1-8:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003cu>\u003c/u>The Green Room\u003ci>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003ci>*\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/WECAN.Intl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>Or online via Facebook livestream\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cu>\u003c/u>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring international advocates, policy-makers, and indigenous women leaders, the conference will focus on environmental injustice and explore root causes of the climate crisis. Participants will also present projects and strategies for shaping a healthy and equitable world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/innovation-and-climate-adaptation-in-San-Francisco-Bay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Innovation and Climate Adaptation In San Francisco Bay\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 12, 6 p.m.-8:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Exploratorium\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a panel of Bay Area experts, including museum educators, scientists, resilience designers, and policy leaders. Participants will share approaches to climate adaptation that help create a better future for the Bay and its communities. \u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theclimatemusicproject.org/play-for-the-planet-september-12th/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Play for the Planet\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 12, Noon\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco Public Library (Fulton Street side)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An interactive outdoor event with musical and spoken-word artists. Hosted by the ClimateMusic Project, a science and arts collaboration that uses music to teach people about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Fzb7CJ6PLru6ZYpHV7P_R?domain=c40.org\">Cities4Climate: The Future Is Us\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 12, 1–4:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco City Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A conference led by global mayors on the innovative work being done by cities to drive sustainable climate action and build more resilient communities. Mayors will share how local leadership can be highly effective in a partisan political landscape. Also participating will be business leaders, entrepreneurs and climate experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.climatesolutionsgroup.org/bios-of-participants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Food, Fiber, and Fungi – the “Carbon Pioneers”\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 12, 5:30-8:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Presidio Officers Club\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An evening seminar with Bay Area groups working on economically viable climate innovations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/after-dark/september-13-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Dark: Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 13, 2018, 6 p.m.–10 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Exploratorium\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring interactive exhibits exploring perception, art, and science at our adults-only After Dark. Grab your friends and a drink and get immersed in mind-bending experiences and unique, thought-provoking programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ei.haas.berkeley.edu/events/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Building the Evidence Base for Accelerated Climate Action\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 13, 2:30 -5:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Orange Silicon Valley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hosted by UC Berkeley and the Brookings Institution , the event features a distinguished panel of experts offering their perspectives on the scale and urgency of climate challenge. The event will be followed by a reception where summit delegates and other attendees can interact with members of the UC Berkeley and Brookings communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/how-front-line-communities-could-benefit-from-a-carbon-dividend-tickets-48991394580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Front Line Communities Could Benefit from a Carbon Dividend \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 13, 3 -5 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Google Community Space\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities on the front lines of certain industries are disproportionately affected by these sources of pollution. The panel will highlight the conditions currently faced by front line communities, as well as the positive economic benefits that might be generated by the adoption of a nationwide carbon fee and the distribution of a household carbon dividend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930847 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_.png 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-800x466.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-768x448.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-960x560.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-240x140.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-375x219.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/SanFranciscoSeptember13-14_Bringingtogetherleadersonwaterandclimateissuestosharesuccessesandexplorenewsolutions_-520x303.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterpavilion.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Water Pavilion\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 13-14\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt 0in\">A two-day conference about water’s unique role both in climate impacts and climate solutions. Over 200 leaders from across the globe will present in-depth panels, cutting-edge technologies, and pop-up presentations. There will also be a presentation about a project for citizen scientists to crowdsource water quality data and show hot spots of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"font_8\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.climatesolutionsgroup.org/friday-workshops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get the Dirt on Dirt / Is Money Really Green? \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 14, 8:30 am – 11:45 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Presidio Officers Club\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"font_8\">Featuring panel discussions on the next generation of climate solution designs including regenerative agriculture, healthy soil promotion, innovative urban infrastructure and marine permaculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.climatesolutionsgroup.org/friday-afternoon-workshop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"color_23\">Visionaries Reimagining Living Systems\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"color_23\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 14, 1:15-5:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Presidio Officers Club\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A creative workshop covering subjects rarely considered together: a systems view of life and its relationship to agriculture, economies and a sustainable future; challenges with human perceptions in the 21st Century; and conversations on carbon, environmental literacy, and advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/the-2009-epa-endangerment-finding-even-stronger-evidence-in-2018-tickets-48573416396\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The 2009 EPA Endangerment Finding: Even Stronger Evidence in 2018\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 14, 8:30 am-10:30 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Francisco Marriott Marquis\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a discussion among experts about the decision by the Environmental Protection Agency known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/endangerment-and-cause-or-contribute-findings-greenhouse-gases-under-section-202a-clean\">Endangerment Finding\u003c/a>. This finding provides foundational support for important aspects of U.S. climate policy. Recently, speculation that EPA may revisit the Endangerment Finding has been widespread. This event assembles a panel of scholars to review how the strength of the scientific evidence for endangerment has grown since 2009. Leading experts in the science of climate impacts will discuss how this new evidence lends increased support to the conclusion that these gases pose a danger to the public health and welfare. The program includes breakfast, brief presentations on key elements of the Endangerment Finding, and moderated discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bureauoflinguisticalreality.com/2018/09/06/come-make-a-word-sat-sept-15-sun-sept-16-at-ybca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Come Make a Word\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 15-16, 12pm-5pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Yerba Buena Center for the Arts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come share your emotions and experiences related to climate change, brainstorm a new word and more. Hosted by the Bureau of Linguistical Reality, an art exhibit focused on creating new language as means of better understanding our rapidly changing world due to manmade climate change and other Anthropocenic events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"listing-hero-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/water-fire-earth-air-mcevoy-foundation-for-the-arts-tickets-49446512851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water, Fire, Earth, Air\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSept. 29, 3pm-6pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>McEvoy Foundation for the Arts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring a panel discussion with four artists who are translating climate change science into art. Participating artists include Rosten Woo, an LA based artist who will be sharing Mutual Air, a public sound sculpture launching next year; Don Hankins, a traditional fire practitioner who will be sharing traditional fire practices that can lead to a more resilient landscape; Eve Mosher will examine the critical relationship between waterways, climate change and urban areas; and Ranu Mukherjee will share three recent projects that weave together historical, cultural and ecological implications of migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930718/your-guide-to-public-events-around-the-global-climate-action-summit",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_36",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_855",
"science_3370",
"science_3761"
],
"featImg": "science_1931126",
"label": "source_science_1930718"
},
"science_1930749": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930749",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930749",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1536249603000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1536249603,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Fire & Drought – What Happens When the Extremes Become Routine?",
"headTitle": "Fire & Drought – What Happens When the Extremes Become Routine? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/493341765″ params=”color=#ff5500&auto_play=true&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”300″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this month’s episode of Deeply Talks, Water Deeply managing editor Matt Weiser discussed the American West’s dual challenges of water scarcity and wildfires with Crystal Kolden, associate professor of forest, rangeland and fire sciences in the College of Natural Resources at the University of Idaho, and Van Butsic, assistant cooperative extension specialist at the University of California, Berkeley.[contextly_sidebar id=”R19g0r3w6Y4guMyUxHierEeT3WsqiEuG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire affects the watersheds that in turn supply municipal drinking water, fulfill agricultural needs and support critical species across the West. That’s why the management of both forest and water resources is so closely intertwined – and why this issue has become more pressing. The West, Kolden explained, is seeing more fires across larger areas, and even changes to how these fires burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the water utilities in California now have extensive programs that address fire prevention and suppression and also forest management to alter the behavior of fires in their watersheds,” Kolden said. Outside of California, however, the level of preparedness varies, depending on how often the municipalities have seen the effect of wildfire on their watersheds firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more and more areas that haven’t had to deal with wildfires are recognizing that with climate change, they will start to. “They’re very much understanding that this is something they’ll have to tackle if they aren’t already,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prescribed burns and forest thinning are recognized as ways to control wildfires, said Butsic, but it’s something that’s easier said than done, particularly because of regulations that restrict forest management. While many of these rules have benefits – for example, preventing exposure to smoke inhalation and protecting endangered species – he maintains that they are still shortsighted. In a recent study, his team proposed some changes to help take these long-term costs into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Forest management is really about trade-offs,” Butsic said. “You’re either going to do the work now and get the benefits later, or you’re going to put off doing the work now and then you’re going to get the pain later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/09/05/deeply-talks-fire-drought-the-extremes-become-routine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 452,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1704927526,
"excerpt": "The West has entered an era of permanent water scarcity and is facing more frequent, larger wildfires. Listen to two experts explain how these challenges – and our approaches to managing them – are intertwined.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The West has entered an era of permanent water scarcity and is facing more frequent, larger wildfires. Listen to two experts explain how these challenges – and our approaches to managing them – are intertwined.",
"title": "Fire & Drought – What Happens When the Extremes Become Routine? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Fire & Drought – What Happens When the Extremes Become Routine?",
"datePublished": "2018-09-06T09:00:03-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:58:46-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "fire-drought-what-happens-when-the-extremes-become-routine",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Lindsay Abrams\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Change",
"path": "/science/1930749/fire-drought-what-happens-when-the-extremes-become-routine",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”300″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/493341765″&visual=true&”color=#ff5500&auto_play=true&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/493341765″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this month’s episode of Deeply Talks, Water Deeply managing editor Matt Weiser discussed the American West’s dual challenges of water scarcity and wildfires with Crystal Kolden, associate professor of forest, rangeland and fire sciences in the College of Natural Resources at the University of Idaho, and Van Butsic, assistant cooperative extension specialist at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire affects the watersheds that in turn supply municipal drinking water, fulfill agricultural needs and support critical species across the West. That’s why the management of both forest and water resources is so closely intertwined – and why this issue has become more pressing. The West, Kolden explained, is seeing more fires across larger areas, and even changes to how these fires burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the water utilities in California now have extensive programs that address fire prevention and suppression and also forest management to alter the behavior of fires in their watersheds,” Kolden said. Outside of California, however, the level of preparedness varies, depending on how often the municipalities have seen the effect of wildfire on their watersheds firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more and more areas that haven’t had to deal with wildfires are recognizing that with climate change, they will start to. “They’re very much understanding that this is something they’ll have to tackle if they aren’t already,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prescribed burns and forest thinning are recognized as ways to control wildfires, said Butsic, but it’s something that’s easier said than done, particularly because of regulations that restrict forest management. While many of these rules have benefits – for example, preventing exposure to smoke inhalation and protecting endangered species – he maintains that they are still shortsighted. In a recent study, his team proposed some changes to help take these long-term costs into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Forest management is really about trade-offs,” Butsic said. “You’re either going to do the work now and get the benefits later, or you’re going to put off doing the work now and then you’re going to get the pain later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/09/05/deeply-talks-fire-drought-the-extremes-become-routine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930749/fire-drought-what-happens-when-the-extremes-become-routine",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1930749"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98",
"science_3730"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_572",
"science_201",
"science_113"
],
"featImg": "science_1930751",
"label": "source_science_1930749"
},
"science_1930685": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930685",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930685",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1536170412000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1536170412,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Poised to Take Action To Protect Wetlands Amid Trump Rollbacks",
"headTitle": "California Poised to Take Action To Protect Wetlands Amid Trump Rollbacks | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California officials are poised to seize control over a major arena of federal regulation in response to Trump administration rollbacks: the management and protection of wetlands.[contextly_sidebar id=”h5N7PXQNQywXy02nIa7ekC6Pwli7BEsu”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands are vital features on the landscape. Basically low spots in a watershed, when they fill with water they provide important habitat for birds, fish and other species. Wetlands also help control floods and recharge groundwater, and they filter the water we drink. On the other hand, being generally flat and maligned as “swamps,” they are popular places to pave and build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, wetlands have nearly disappeared across the western United States. That has given rise to the controversial policy known as the Waters of the U.S. rule, or WOTUS. The rule is an effort, first, to define wetlands, which turns out to be monumentally difficult. And second, to regulate development in and around wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of President Donald Trump’s first acts upon taking office in 2017 was to direct the Environmental Protection Agency to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/climate/trump-water-wotus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rescind and rewrite\u003c/a> the WOTUS rule. The rule had been comprehensively updated in 2015 by the Obama administration, after years of analysis and public review. But Trump viewed it as overly broad. In January, the EPA fulfilled his promise by suspending the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California decided to take action in response. Since 1993, it has been state law to avoid ongoing wetland losses – a so-called “no net loss” policy. So the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) began \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/cwa401/wrapp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preparing its own rules\u003c/a>, which would put the state in full control of wetland protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed later this year, it could become the first move by a state to seize a broad arena of regulatory power for itself in response to Trump’s regulatory rollbacks.[contextly_sidebar id=”2PoXn5ULD7oXKcJ8XO3phHJJySlLADjf”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our update will advance the ball and add clarity without giving up any authority that’s important to protect wetlands,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the SWRCB and a former EPA regional administrator during the Clinton administration. “That’s what we’re working on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WOTUS rule has been around – under various names and iterations – as a component of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Water Act\u003c/a>, which was first adopted by Congress in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overarching goal is to prevent pollution and erosion that harms water quality for people and wildlife. Building in wetlands and other water bodies, including the dredging needed to maintain harbors, often causes pollution by eliminating natural filtration and stirring up contaminated sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules have been jointly enforced by the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. They also apply to tidal waters, seasonal streams, ponds, lakes, playas, meadows, mudflats and any waters considered “navigable” or important to industry or commerce. As a result, how the rule is interpreted and applied has huge implications for the environment and the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, this interpretation had been left intentionally vague, both to provide regulatory flexibility and to avoid controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been confusion over the scope of WOTUS since 2001,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/our-faculty/faculty-profiles/holly-doremus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Holly Doremus\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental law at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the year the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the EPA and the Army Corps had been applying the law too broadly, and that some waters not connected to traditionally navigable waterways should not be regulated. A clear definition of regulated waterways had to be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second Supreme Court ruling in 2006 made things more confusing: a divided court held that waters with a “significant nexus” to something navigable could be regulated. This led to the 2015 WOTUS rule adopted by the Obama administration.[contextly_sidebar id=”uZWZn3wd1zciD7bUQInuUAod9GN3xUIR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s definitions left a lot of room for interpretation. As a result, the Obama administration drew a large regulatory circle after a years-long effort to analyze the issue. Now the Trump administration wants to draw it much smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The core of that problem is that wetlands are not necessarily water and they’re not necessarily dry land. It’s hard for the public to understand,” Doremus said. “If you or I went out and stood somewhere and looked around, we wouldn’t necessarily know whether a place should be a wetland or not. It does take a technical expert examination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180903140657/172345.ME_.0524.malibulagoon.001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of preschoolers walk across a bridge spanning the marshes of Malibu Lagoon in Southern California. This marsh is protected within a state park. But many of California’s remaining wetlands and marshes are not, prompting the state to propose a new program to oversee development in and near such water bodies. (Luis Sinco/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s “no net loss” wetlands policy arose from a 1993 \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/cwa401/docs/wrapp2008/executive_order_w59_93.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proclamation\u003c/a> by then governor Pete Wilson. The proclamation also declared that the state must work to increase wetland acreage over time. Although it has remained state policy ever since, the policy has not been fulfilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no formal state program to monitor wetland acreage, but evidence suggests total acreage has declined since 1993. The state has lost at \u003ca href=\"https://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/hydrology/wetlands/#sum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">least 91 percent\u003c/a> of its historic wetlands, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This federal rollback is a big threat,” said Rachel Zwillinger, water policy adviser at Defenders of Wildlife. “We have continued to lose wetlands. And there are losses occurring that are completely outside the permitting process, which is really problematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California actually began drafting its own wetlands rule in 2004, partly to fulfill the “no net loss” policy and to provide more regulatory certainty. It went through several revisions but was never completed. The effort took on more urgency with Trump’s election in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s authority to regulate wetlands on its own arises from the general legal principles of statehood, Doremus said: states can adopt any regulations that promote the public welfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, California has established the legal basis to protect all its waters in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/laws_regulations/docs/portercologne.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act\u003c/a>. The law, adopted in 1969, gives the state authority to enforce water quality in wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new regulations would seek to protect wetlands and other waterways as “waters of the state.” Officially described as “dredge and fill” regulations, the rules would govern any activities that disturb wetlands and other surface waters.[contextly_sidebar id=”qKkpiVZtrcRRKdlrrEw5A34RWmC0zZij”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A starting point for the rules is simply defining a wetland. A key difference from federal regulations is that the state’s proposal does not require the presence of vegetation to declare that a water body is a wetland. The state rules require water to be present long enough for anaerobic (absence of oxygen) conditions to exist in the upper soil surface of the water body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another goal is to streamline the process of obtaining a permit, for example, to dredge a harbor, or pave a parking lot in an area that may or may not be a wetland. Currently, due to the absence of clear state regulations, the permit process can vary quite a bit in different regions of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We won’t make it crystal clear, but we will make it way more clear than it is and give some degree of comfort to both the environmental community and the developer community,” said the SWRCB’s Marcus. “We’re trying to create enough clarity for good government while protecting precious wetlands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though California is moving to adopt its own regulatory program, losing an active federal presence will be challenging. One reason is that the Army Corps plays a big role in identifying and mapping waterways that should be protected under the WOTUS rule – a process known as delineation. If federal changes eliminate or substantially shrink this role, the state’s workload is likely to increase substantially whether or not it adopts its own regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2449px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180903140751/947235791.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2449\" height=\"1726\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Donald Trump speaks before signing an executive order on Feb. 27, 2017, to begin the rollback of the Waters of the U.S. rule. The rule, adopted by the Obama administration in 2015, is designed to protect wetlands and other waterways from dredging and development. (Aude Guerrucci-Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s moves so far have been followed by more court actions and more uncertainty. The latest development came on Aug. 16, when a federal judge in South Carolina \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060094329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued an injunction\u003c/a> against the administration’s February order suspending WOTUS. But the order only applies in 26 states not covered by stays issued in two previous court rulings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the West, this means the Obama-era WOTUS rules are again in force in California, Oregon, Washington and Texas, but not in Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the state water board’s delays, another pressure has come to bear: Gov. Jerry Brown’s term ends this year. Even assuming another Democrat replaces him, the transition to a new administration will be disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Marcus’ own term as chair of the water board ends in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been really disappointed the state board has not yet finalized the policy,” Zwillinger said. “It’s been a decade in the making. And with the new, urgent threat at the federal level, we’d like to see it get across the finish line in this [state] administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus could not say when the water board might adopt the new rules. The board has already held many days of public hearings and workshops on the draft policy. But more deliberations will be required before adoption, and none have been scheduled yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because it’s so contentious, we’re trying to get it right,” Marcus said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/09/03/amid-trump-rollbacks-california-moves-to-regulate-wetlands-on-its-own\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1707,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 37
},
"modified": 1704927529,
"excerpt": "The Trump administration is moving to weaken the so-called Waters of the U.S. rule, which protects wetlands and other waterways from development. California plans its own regulations to fill the gap.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The Trump administration is moving to weaken the so-called Waters of the U.S. rule, which protects wetlands and other waterways from development. California plans its own regulations to fill the gap.",
"title": "California Poised to Take Action To Protect Wetlands Amid Trump Rollbacks | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Poised to Take Action To Protect Wetlands Amid Trump Rollbacks",
"datePublished": "2018-09-05T11:00:12-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:58:49-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "amid-trump-rollbacks-california-moves-to-regulate-wetlands-on-its-own",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Water",
"path": "/science/1930685/amid-trump-rollbacks-california-moves-to-regulate-wetlands-on-its-own",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California officials are poised to seize control over a major arena of federal regulation in response to Trump administration rollbacks: the management and protection of wetlands.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands are vital features on the landscape. Basically low spots in a watershed, when they fill with water they provide important habitat for birds, fish and other species. Wetlands also help control floods and recharge groundwater, and they filter the water we drink. On the other hand, being generally flat and maligned as “swamps,” they are popular places to pave and build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, wetlands have nearly disappeared across the western United States. That has given rise to the controversial policy known as the Waters of the U.S. rule, or WOTUS. The rule is an effort, first, to define wetlands, which turns out to be monumentally difficult. And second, to regulate development in and around wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of President Donald Trump’s first acts upon taking office in 2017 was to direct the Environmental Protection Agency to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/climate/trump-water-wotus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rescind and rewrite\u003c/a> the WOTUS rule. The rule had been comprehensively updated in 2015 by the Obama administration, after years of analysis and public review. But Trump viewed it as overly broad. In January, the EPA fulfilled his promise by suspending the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California decided to take action in response. Since 1993, it has been state law to avoid ongoing wetland losses – a so-called “no net loss” policy. So the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) began \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/cwa401/wrapp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preparing its own rules\u003c/a>, which would put the state in full control of wetland protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed later this year, it could become the first move by a state to seize a broad arena of regulatory power for itself in response to Trump’s regulatory rollbacks.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our update will advance the ball and add clarity without giving up any authority that’s important to protect wetlands,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the SWRCB and a former EPA regional administrator during the Clinton administration. “That’s what we’re working on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WOTUS rule has been around – under various names and iterations – as a component of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Water Act\u003c/a>, which was first adopted by Congress in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overarching goal is to prevent pollution and erosion that harms water quality for people and wildlife. Building in wetlands and other water bodies, including the dredging needed to maintain harbors, often causes pollution by eliminating natural filtration and stirring up contaminated sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules have been jointly enforced by the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. They also apply to tidal waters, seasonal streams, ponds, lakes, playas, meadows, mudflats and any waters considered “navigable” or important to industry or commerce. As a result, how the rule is interpreted and applied has huge implications for the environment and the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, this interpretation had been left intentionally vague, both to provide regulatory flexibility and to avoid controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been confusion over the scope of WOTUS since 2001,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/our-faculty/faculty-profiles/holly-doremus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Holly Doremus\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental law at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the year the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the EPA and the Army Corps had been applying the law too broadly, and that some waters not connected to traditionally navigable waterways should not be regulated. A clear definition of regulated waterways had to be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second Supreme Court ruling in 2006 made things more confusing: a divided court held that waters with a “significant nexus” to something navigable could be regulated. This led to the 2015 WOTUS rule adopted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s definitions left a lot of room for interpretation. As a result, the Obama administration drew a large regulatory circle after a years-long effort to analyze the issue. Now the Trump administration wants to draw it much smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The core of that problem is that wetlands are not necessarily water and they’re not necessarily dry land. It’s hard for the public to understand,” Doremus said. “If you or I went out and stood somewhere and looked around, we wouldn’t necessarily know whether a place should be a wetland or not. It does take a technical expert examination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180903140657/172345.ME_.0524.malibulagoon.001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of preschoolers walk across a bridge spanning the marshes of Malibu Lagoon in Southern California. This marsh is protected within a state park. But many of California’s remaining wetlands and marshes are not, prompting the state to propose a new program to oversee development in and near such water bodies. (Luis Sinco/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s “no net loss” wetlands policy arose from a 1993 \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/cwa401/docs/wrapp2008/executive_order_w59_93.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proclamation\u003c/a> by then governor Pete Wilson. The proclamation also declared that the state must work to increase wetland acreage over time. Although it has remained state policy ever since, the policy has not been fulfilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no formal state program to monitor wetland acreage, but evidence suggests total acreage has declined since 1993. The state has lost at \u003ca href=\"https://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/hydrology/wetlands/#sum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">least 91 percent\u003c/a> of its historic wetlands, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This federal rollback is a big threat,” said Rachel Zwillinger, water policy adviser at Defenders of Wildlife. “We have continued to lose wetlands. And there are losses occurring that are completely outside the permitting process, which is really problematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California actually began drafting its own wetlands rule in 2004, partly to fulfill the “no net loss” policy and to provide more regulatory certainty. It went through several revisions but was never completed. The effort took on more urgency with Trump’s election in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s authority to regulate wetlands on its own arises from the general legal principles of statehood, Doremus said: states can adopt any regulations that promote the public welfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, California has established the legal basis to protect all its waters in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/laws_regulations/docs/portercologne.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act\u003c/a>. The law, adopted in 1969, gives the state authority to enforce water quality in wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new regulations would seek to protect wetlands and other waterways as “waters of the state.” Officially described as “dredge and fill” regulations, the rules would govern any activities that disturb wetlands and other surface waters.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A starting point for the rules is simply defining a wetland. A key difference from federal regulations is that the state’s proposal does not require the presence of vegetation to declare that a water body is a wetland. The state rules require water to be present long enough for anaerobic (absence of oxygen) conditions to exist in the upper soil surface of the water body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another goal is to streamline the process of obtaining a permit, for example, to dredge a harbor, or pave a parking lot in an area that may or may not be a wetland. Currently, due to the absence of clear state regulations, the permit process can vary quite a bit in different regions of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We won’t make it crystal clear, but we will make it way more clear than it is and give some degree of comfort to both the environmental community and the developer community,” said the SWRCB’s Marcus. “We’re trying to create enough clarity for good government while protecting precious wetlands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though California is moving to adopt its own regulatory program, losing an active federal presence will be challenging. One reason is that the Army Corps plays a big role in identifying and mapping waterways that should be protected under the WOTUS rule – a process known as delineation. If federal changes eliminate or substantially shrink this role, the state’s workload is likely to increase substantially whether or not it adopts its own regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2449px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180903140751/947235791.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2449\" height=\"1726\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Donald Trump speaks before signing an executive order on Feb. 27, 2017, to begin the rollback of the Waters of the U.S. rule. The rule, adopted by the Obama administration in 2015, is designed to protect wetlands and other waterways from dredging and development. (Aude Guerrucci-Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s moves so far have been followed by more court actions and more uncertainty. The latest development came on Aug. 16, when a federal judge in South Carolina \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060094329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued an injunction\u003c/a> against the administration’s February order suspending WOTUS. But the order only applies in 26 states not covered by stays issued in two previous court rulings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the West, this means the Obama-era WOTUS rules are again in force in California, Oregon, Washington and Texas, but not in Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the state water board’s delays, another pressure has come to bear: Gov. Jerry Brown’s term ends this year. Even assuming another Democrat replaces him, the transition to a new administration will be disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Marcus’ own term as chair of the water board ends in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been really disappointed the state board has not yet finalized the policy,” Zwillinger said. “It’s been a decade in the making. And with the new, urgent threat at the federal level, we’d like to see it get across the finish line in this [state] administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus could not say when the water board might adopt the new rules. The board has already held many days of public hearings and workshops on the draft policy. But more deliberations will be required before adoption, and none have been scheduled yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because it’s so contentious, we’re trying to get it right,” Marcus said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/09/03/amid-trump-rollbacks-california-moves-to-regulate-wetlands-on-its-own\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930685/amid-trump-rollbacks-california-moves-to-regulate-wetlands-on-its-own",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1930685"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_192",
"science_3322",
"science_201",
"science_207"
],
"featImg": "science_1927729",
"label": "source_science_1930685"
},
"science_1930568": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930568",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930568",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1535734766000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1535734766,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Changing a Cow's Diet May Help Slow Global Warming",
"headTitle": "Changing a Cow’s Diet May Help Slow Global Warming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>University of California researchers are feeding seaweed to dairy cows in an attempt to make cattle more climate-friendly.[contextly_sidebar id=”ylNH5JFRGGqhgdjSHVvFP36hVRYWDiEO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis is studying whether adding small amounts of seaweed to cattle feed can help reduce their emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas that’s released when cattle burp, pass gas or make manure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study this past spring, researchers found methane emissions were reduced by more than 30 percent in a dozen Holstein cows that ate the ocean algae, which was mixed into their feed and sweetened with molasses to disguise the salty taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was extremely surprised when I saw the results,” said Ermias Kebreab, the UC Davis animal scientist who led the study. “I wasn’t expecting it to be that dramatic with a small amount of seaweed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kebreab says his team plans to conduct a six-month study of a seaweed-infused diet in beef cattle starting in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More studies will be needed to determine its safety and efficacy, and seaweed growers would have to ramp up production to make it an economical option for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dairy farms and other livestock operations are major sources of methane, a heat-trapping gas many times more potent than carbon dioxide.[contextly_sidebar id=”ewD09y9vsozPVU0ZmjIE1lGnFqOW8D4k”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers worldwide have searched for ways to reduce cattle emissions with various food additives such as garlic, oregano, cinnamon and even curry — with mixed results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If successful, adding seaweed to cattle feed could help California dairy farms comply with a state law requiring livestock operators to cut emissions by 40 percent from 2013 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can reduce methane on the dairy farm through manipulation of the diet, then it’s a win for consumers because it reduces the carbon footprint, and it’s for dairy farmers because it increases their feed efficiency,” said Michael Hutjens, an animal scientist at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 335,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1704927534,
"excerpt": "Researchers are studying whether adding small amounts of seaweed to cattle feed can help reduce their emissions of methane - a potent greenhouse gas that’s released when cattle burp, pass gas or make manure.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Researchers are studying whether adding small amounts of seaweed to cattle feed can help reduce their emissions of methane - a potent greenhouse gas that’s released when cattle burp, pass gas or make manure.",
"title": "Changing a Cow's Diet May Help Slow Global Warming | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Changing a Cow's Diet May Help Slow Global Warming",
"datePublished": "2018-08-31T09:59:26-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:58:54-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "changing-a-cows-diet-may-help-slow-global-warming",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=643342598&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Terence Chea\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"nprStoryDate": "Fri, 31 Aug 2018 05:14:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Fri, 31 Aug 2018 11:03:39 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/08/31/643342598/his-109k-heart-attack-bill-is-now-down-to-332-after-npr-told-his-story?ft=nprml&f=643342598",
"nprImageAgency": "Callie Richmond/KHN",
"source": "Climate Change",
"nprStoryId": "643342598",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 31 Aug 2018 11:03:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1930568/changing-a-cows-diet-may-help-slow-global-warming",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>University of California researchers are feeding seaweed to dairy cows in an attempt to make cattle more climate-friendly.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis is studying whether adding small amounts of seaweed to cattle feed can help reduce their emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas that’s released when cattle burp, pass gas or make manure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study this past spring, researchers found methane emissions were reduced by more than 30 percent in a dozen Holstein cows that ate the ocean algae, which was mixed into their feed and sweetened with molasses to disguise the salty taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was extremely surprised when I saw the results,” said Ermias Kebreab, the UC Davis animal scientist who led the study. “I wasn’t expecting it to be that dramatic with a small amount of seaweed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kebreab says his team plans to conduct a six-month study of a seaweed-infused diet in beef cattle starting in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More studies will be needed to determine its safety and efficacy, and seaweed growers would have to ramp up production to make it an economical option for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dairy farms and other livestock operations are major sources of methane, a heat-trapping gas many times more potent than carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers worldwide have searched for ways to reduce cattle emissions with various food additives such as garlic, oregano, cinnamon and even curry — with mixed results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If successful, adding seaweed to cattle feed could help California dairy farms comply with a state law requiring livestock operators to cut emissions by 40 percent from 2013 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can reduce methane on the dairy farm through manipulation of the diet, then it’s a win for consumers because it reduces the carbon footprint, and it’s for dairy farmers because it increases their feed efficiency,” said Michael Hutjens, an animal scientist at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930568/changing-a-cows-diet-may-help-slow-global-warming",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1930568"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_2164",
"science_784"
],
"featImg": "science_1930571",
"label": "source_science_1930568"
},
"science_1930527": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930527",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930527",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1535670027000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1535670027,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Scientists Looked Back 20,000 Years to Predict Global Warming",
"headTitle": "Scientists Looked Back 20,000 Years to Predict Global Warming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A warming world could eventually make some of our most familiar ecosystems — deciduous forests, grasslands, Arctic tundra — unrecognizable.[contextly_sidebar id=”8yvjh7tWHupXsqFLR0sNOGdP2IsPHaDY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the conclusion of a team of over 40 scientists who took a novel approach to predicting the effects of how human-caused global warming will alter ecosystems. They looked about 20,000 years back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly many of my colleagues in climate-change ecology would give up a kidney to have data from the future,” says Stephen Jackson, director of the Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center and an ecologist at the U.S. Geological Survey. “But we’re not going to get that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his team did some “paleo-ecology.” They looked at fossil pollen and vegetation for a period from about 20,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago. It was a time when a naturally warming Earth began to melt the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern hemisphere. Over that time, the Earth’s average temperature increased by about seven to 12 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Jackson says that’s not too different from what may happen now if emissions of greenhouse gases continue to grow as they are now. “The change over the next 100, 150 years is of similar magnitude globally to what we saw during the last ice retreat and warming,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that the current warming is a wee bit faster: “Instead of that happening over several thousand years, we’re cramming all that climatic change into a century, or a century-and-a-half.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers found from the paleo-record was evidence that ecosystems changed radically as temperatures rose. In Jackson’s neighborhood in Arizona, for example, it’s now desert — various species of cactus and shrubs mostly. Fifteen thousand years ago, though, “what we’d see there instead is juniper and piñon woodland, and evergreen woodland utterly different from the vegetation we’d find here (now).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as climate changes, some forests may give way to woody shrubs or grassland. Or grasslands could convert to deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing in the \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6405/920\">journal Science\u003c/a>, the researchers say they can’t predict exactly where and how fast these changes will happen. While temperature is a big influence, warming will also alter rainfall, weather, soil chemistry and sea levels. And their historical record is not an exact analogue of the future, since it represents a climate going from frigid to warm; now it’s moving from warm to warmer. That may affect ecosystems differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jackson says one thing is pretty sure: more unpredictability. In fact, just as they found in the past, the future may see new kinds of ecosystems that never existed before. “Many parts of the world will have very different conditions that have no modern counterpart,” he says.[contextly_sidebar id=”NRouu9l3oYtRsNwiudV4C8GZGXMc7mAv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that poses challenges for forests, wild lands and even fish populations –and for the people who manage them. “That’s going to create a great deal of chaos, ecological chaos out there as they try to adapt and respond to those changes,” Jackson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those changes are already happening. Some forests in the southwest are flipping from big evergreens to smaller plants and shrubs. Ecologist David Breshears at the University of Arizona says it’s caused by a combination of high heat, drought and fire, and is probably similar to what happened as the ice sheets melted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These changes are very temperature-sensitive,” says Breshears, “and I think that’s the most important take-away message, because that’s what I think we’re dealing with now in contemporary times.”[contextly_sidebar id=”AmMK0UmxARMsh17UuY6lYvdvw67PSkpw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31236-5\">journal Scientific Reports\u003c/a>, Breshears and scientists in Australia have documented sudden and widespread ecological shifts already. A heat wave in western Australia in 2011 caused coral bleaching in the ocean, as well as tree deaths, damaging insect outbreaks, and die-offs of birds on land (while populations of some fish increased) — all very different ecosystems responding in their own way to a warmer environment. Lead author Katinka Ruthrof of Murdoch University describes the impacts as “staggering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The breadth of animals and plants affected by these heat wave conditions suggest our ecosystems are more vulnerable than we think to the projected increases in heat wave frequency, intensity and duration we are facing in the future,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Predict+Effects+Of+Global+Warming%2C+Scientists+Looked+Back+20%2C000+Years&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 788,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704927535,
"excerpt": "More than 40 researchers concluded that climate change would make ecosystems such as deciduous forests, grasslands and Arctic tundra unrecognizable.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "More than 40 researchers concluded that climate change would make ecosystems such as deciduous forests, grasslands and Arctic tundra unrecognizable.",
"title": "Scientists Looked Back 20,000 Years to Predict Global Warming | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientists Looked Back 20,000 Years to Predict Global Warming",
"datePublished": "2018-08-30T16:00:27-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:58:55-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "to-predict-effects-of-global-warming-scientists-looked-back-20000-years",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=643342003&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Christopher Joyce, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 30 Aug 2018 15:23:39 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 30 Aug 2018 15:23:39 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/08/30/643342003/to-predict-effects-of-global-warming-scientists-looked-back-20-000-years?ft=nprml&f=643342003",
"nprImageAgency": "Getty Images",
"nprImageCredit": "Ashley Cooper",
"source": "Climate Change",
"nprStoryId": "643342003",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 30 Aug 2018 15:23:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1930527/to-predict-effects-of-global-warming-scientists-looked-back-20000-years",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A warming world could eventually make some of our most familiar ecosystems — deciduous forests, grasslands, Arctic tundra — unrecognizable.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the conclusion of a team of over 40 scientists who took a novel approach to predicting the effects of how human-caused global warming will alter ecosystems. They looked about 20,000 years back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly many of my colleagues in climate-change ecology would give up a kidney to have data from the future,” says Stephen Jackson, director of the Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center and an ecologist at the U.S. Geological Survey. “But we’re not going to get that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his team did some “paleo-ecology.” They looked at fossil pollen and vegetation for a period from about 20,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago. It was a time when a naturally warming Earth began to melt the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern hemisphere. Over that time, the Earth’s average temperature increased by about seven to 12 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Jackson says that’s not too different from what may happen now if emissions of greenhouse gases continue to grow as they are now. “The change over the next 100, 150 years is of similar magnitude globally to what we saw during the last ice retreat and warming,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that the current warming is a wee bit faster: “Instead of that happening over several thousand years, we’re cramming all that climatic change into a century, or a century-and-a-half.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers found from the paleo-record was evidence that ecosystems changed radically as temperatures rose. In Jackson’s neighborhood in Arizona, for example, it’s now desert — various species of cactus and shrubs mostly. Fifteen thousand years ago, though, “what we’d see there instead is juniper and piñon woodland, and evergreen woodland utterly different from the vegetation we’d find here (now).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as climate changes, some forests may give way to woody shrubs or grassland. Or grasslands could convert to deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing in the \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6405/920\">journal Science\u003c/a>, the researchers say they can’t predict exactly where and how fast these changes will happen. While temperature is a big influence, warming will also alter rainfall, weather, soil chemistry and sea levels. And their historical record is not an exact analogue of the future, since it represents a climate going from frigid to warm; now it’s moving from warm to warmer. That may affect ecosystems differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jackson says one thing is pretty sure: more unpredictability. In fact, just as they found in the past, the future may see new kinds of ecosystems that never existed before. “Many parts of the world will have very different conditions that have no modern counterpart,” he says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that poses challenges for forests, wild lands and even fish populations –and for the people who manage them. “That’s going to create a great deal of chaos, ecological chaos out there as they try to adapt and respond to those changes,” Jackson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those changes are already happening. Some forests in the southwest are flipping from big evergreens to smaller plants and shrubs. Ecologist David Breshears at the University of Arizona says it’s caused by a combination of high heat, drought and fire, and is probably similar to what happened as the ice sheets melted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These changes are very temperature-sensitive,” says Breshears, “and I think that’s the most important take-away message, because that’s what I think we’re dealing with now in contemporary times.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31236-5\">journal Scientific Reports\u003c/a>, Breshears and scientists in Australia have documented sudden and widespread ecological shifts already. A heat wave in western Australia in 2011 caused coral bleaching in the ocean, as well as tree deaths, damaging insect outbreaks, and die-offs of birds on land (while populations of some fish increased) — all very different ecosystems responding in their own way to a warmer environment. Lead author Katinka Ruthrof of Murdoch University describes the impacts as “staggering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The breadth of animals and plants affected by these heat wave conditions suggest our ecosystems are more vulnerable than we think to the projected increases in heat wave frequency, intensity and duration we are facing in the future,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Predict+Effects+Of+Global+Warming%2C+Scientists+Looked+Back+20%2C000+Years&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930527/to-predict-effects-of-global-warming-scientists-looked-back-20000-years",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1930527"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_3151",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_556"
],
"featImg": "science_1930528",
"label": "source_science_1930527"
},
"science_1930415": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930415",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930415",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1535569327000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1535569327,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Common Farming Methods May Hold the Key to Slowing Global Warming",
"headTitle": "Common Farming Methods May Hold the Key to Slowing Global Warming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Can dirt save the planet? Maybe. [contextly_sidebar id=”sWyFdeRoG72e6iFHeWRtN5pZ4UuEEENC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/08/29/improving-soil-quality-can-slow-global-warming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> new U.C. Berkeley study\u003c/a> says that mass adoption of well-established farming practices, such as planting cover crops and optimizing grazing, could make a significant dent in international global warming targets, if implemented globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because these low-tech farming methods improve soil quality. Soil, which naturally absorbs carbon from decaying vegetation, can capture even greater amounts of the greenhouse gas when it’s managed properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers sought to determine whether these established agricultural practices could reduce global temperatures at least 0.1 degree Celsius, which represents one-tenth of the international community’s goal of limiting the average global temperature increase to 1 degree Celsius by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published Wednesday in\u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/8/eaaq0932\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cem>Science Advances\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> found that proper agricultural management, if adopted widely, could reduce global temperatures by 0.26 degrees Celsius by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, adding biochar — charcoal that is added to soil to increase its vitality — allows soil to absorb greater amounts of the greenhouse gas, which could offset even more warming —as much as 0.46 degrees Celsius, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These are practices that are conducted on a small scale on individual farms and ranches.’\u003ccite>Whendee Silver, UC Berkeley professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Agriculture\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/29/methane-emissions-cattle-11-percent-higher-than-estimated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> often gets a bad rap\u003c/a> when it comes to climate change because it’s commonly associated with certain activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions such as methane-releasing cow manure and fertilizer use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the findings show that agriculture has the potential to be part of the solution, according to senior author Whendee Silver, a professor of environmental science, policy and management at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are practices that are conducted on a small scale on individual farms and ranches,” says Silver. “Our study shows that these things can make a difference. Agricultural activities that improve soil can have a positive impact on climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, researchers first culled data from previous research on agricultural approaches that are known to increase soil carbon storage. They then plugged that information into a climate model that determines the potential impacts on climate if these methods were widely adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930429\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1930429\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerry Gannaway looks over a field in which he planted cotton July 27, 2011 near Hermleigh, Texas. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the most aggressive reduction scenario, they calculated that soils would have to capture about 0.68 petagrams of carbon per year worldwide, or 750 million U.S. tons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that improving soil quality could exceed this goal because healthier soil results in more carbon storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With aggressive emissions targets, improved land management could pull about 1.78 petagrams of carbon from the atmosphere each year, while adding biochar to the mix could raise the yearly sequestration rate to 2.89 petagrams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silver says while the results are promising, there’s evidence to suggest that soil around the world has already lost a lot of its sequestering potential due to degraded soil, which is a decline in the soil’s condition caused by poor management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silver says there’s evidence to suggest that soil around the world has already lost a lot of its sequestering potential due to degraded soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know how much longer we can continue to put carbon in the soil before it fills up,” says Silver. “The good news is that even if there is a finite amount of carbon it can hold, we are clearly many decades away from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soil quality could be improved by focusing on these degraded agricultural lands that are producing less than optimally, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime you increase the organic content of soils, you are generally increasing the fertility, water-holding capacity, sustainability, decreasing erosion and general resilience to climate change,” says Silver. “Sequestering carbon is a side benefit.”.[contextly_sidebar id=”3velOgPHUkHKX82y0LnfZFw1nJlDV7hl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silver cautions however that the mass adoption of these methods are only effective if they are coupled with aggressive emissions reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If carbon concentrations in the atmosphere increase, then sequestration becomes less effective because more carbon would need to be captured in the soil to realize the same reductions,” says Silver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 728,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1704927539,
"excerpt": "A new study finds that well established farming techniques could put a huge dent in global emissions targets if adopted widely. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new study finds that well established farming techniques could put a huge dent in global emissions targets if adopted widely. ",
"title": "Common Farming Methods May Hold the Key to Slowing Global Warming | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Common Farming Methods May Hold the Key to Slowing Global Warming",
"datePublished": "2018-08-29T12:02:07-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:58:59-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "common-farming-fethods-may-hold-the-key-to-slowing-global-warming",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Change",
"path": "/science/1930415/common-farming-fethods-may-hold-the-key-to-slowing-global-warming",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Can dirt save the planet? Maybe. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/08/29/improving-soil-quality-can-slow-global-warming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> new U.C. Berkeley study\u003c/a> says that mass adoption of well-established farming practices, such as planting cover crops and optimizing grazing, could make a significant dent in international global warming targets, if implemented globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because these low-tech farming methods improve soil quality. Soil, which naturally absorbs carbon from decaying vegetation, can capture even greater amounts of the greenhouse gas when it’s managed properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers sought to determine whether these established agricultural practices could reduce global temperatures at least 0.1 degree Celsius, which represents one-tenth of the international community’s goal of limiting the average global temperature increase to 1 degree Celsius by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published Wednesday in\u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/8/eaaq0932\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cem>Science Advances\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> found that proper agricultural management, if adopted widely, could reduce global temperatures by 0.26 degrees Celsius by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, adding biochar — charcoal that is added to soil to increase its vitality — allows soil to absorb greater amounts of the greenhouse gas, which could offset even more warming —as much as 0.46 degrees Celsius, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These are practices that are conducted on a small scale on individual farms and ranches.’\u003ccite>Whendee Silver, UC Berkeley professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Agriculture\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/29/methane-emissions-cattle-11-percent-higher-than-estimated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> often gets a bad rap\u003c/a> when it comes to climate change because it’s commonly associated with certain activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions such as methane-releasing cow manure and fertilizer use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the findings show that agriculture has the potential to be part of the solution, according to senior author Whendee Silver, a professor of environmental science, policy and management at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are practices that are conducted on a small scale on individual farms and ranches,” says Silver. “Our study shows that these things can make a difference. Agricultural activities that improve soil can have a positive impact on climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, researchers first culled data from previous research on agricultural approaches that are known to increase soil carbon storage. They then plugged that information into a climate model that determines the potential impacts on climate if these methods were widely adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930429\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1930429\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-119977043-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerry Gannaway looks over a field in which he planted cotton July 27, 2011 near Hermleigh, Texas. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the most aggressive reduction scenario, they calculated that soils would have to capture about 0.68 petagrams of carbon per year worldwide, or 750 million U.S. tons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that improving soil quality could exceed this goal because healthier soil results in more carbon storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With aggressive emissions targets, improved land management could pull about 1.78 petagrams of carbon from the atmosphere each year, while adding biochar to the mix could raise the yearly sequestration rate to 2.89 petagrams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silver says while the results are promising, there’s evidence to suggest that soil around the world has already lost a lot of its sequestering potential due to degraded soil, which is a decline in the soil’s condition caused by poor management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silver says there’s evidence to suggest that soil around the world has already lost a lot of its sequestering potential due to degraded soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know how much longer we can continue to put carbon in the soil before it fills up,” says Silver. “The good news is that even if there is a finite amount of carbon it can hold, we are clearly many decades away from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soil quality could be improved by focusing on these degraded agricultural lands that are producing less than optimally, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime you increase the organic content of soils, you are generally increasing the fertility, water-holding capacity, sustainability, decreasing erosion and general resilience to climate change,” says Silver. “Sequestering carbon is a side benefit.”.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silver cautions however that the mass adoption of these methods are only effective if they are coupled with aggressive emissions reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If carbon concentrations in the atmosphere increase, then sequestration becomes less effective because more carbon would need to be captured in the soil to realize the same reductions,” says Silver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930415/common-farming-fethods-may-hold-the-key-to-slowing-global-warming",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_392",
"science_765",
"science_194",
"science_1452",
"science_556",
"science_3645",
"science_1201"
],
"featImg": "science_1930423",
"label": "source_science_1930415"
},
"science_1930465": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930465",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930465",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1535566829000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1535566829,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Ups the Ante: 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2045",
"headTitle": "California Ups the Ante: 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2045 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California appears to be on a path toward one of the nation’s most ambitious clean-energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State, which is also the world’s fifth largest economy, would accelerate its efforts to generate most of the state’s energy from carbon-free sources and set a goal of phasing out fossil fuels entirely by 2045 under legislation approved Tuesday by state lawmakers.[contextly_sidebar id=”nvTwhrfxI0g5rP5e2wA4N38fsjL8BBjb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>If signed by Gov. Jerry Brown, the bill will require California utilities to get half their energy from wind, solar and other specific renewable sources by 2026 — four years sooner than current law requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>They would then have four more years to get 60 percent from renewables. The 2045 deadline of phasing out fossil fuels is a goal that does not include mandates or penalties. Hawaii is the only other U.S. state that has set the future bar at 100 percent renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>The California measure by Democratic Sen. Kevin de Leon, who is running for U.S. Senate, got a last-minute celebrity endorsement when former Vice President Al Gore and actor and former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger wrote letters in support. Other actors, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Chris Hemsworth and Mark Ruffalo, have tweeted their support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, state legislators proved to the world that climate leadership is alive and well in California, even if it’s absent in Washington D.C.,” said Laura Wisland, senior energy manager at the Union of Concerned Scientists in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>It was one of more than 100 bills voted on Tuesday by the Senate and Assembly as lawmakers speed toward a Friday deadline to finish their business for the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qOTEdofIBXnowPV97gyjNeLTZC35IoMn”]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>Most Democrats cheered the renewable energy bill as another way for California to show global leadership in addressing climate change by charting a path for other large economies to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>“We have to be a leader. We have to show what can be done,” said Assemblyman Bill Quirk, a Hayward Democrat. “If we can get to 100 percent renewables, others will as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>Quirk, a scientist who has worked on climate change research, said he wasn’t sure if the new goals were feasible, but the state must try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans, joined by a handful of moderate Democrats, said the legislation would saddle families and businesses with higher energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>“Why would this body double-down and further increase costs on struggling California families?” said Steven Choi, R-Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>The new goal is a big leap from the state’s current farthest-reaching goal of 50 percent renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One hundred percent is a whole other ball of wax,” says Lucas Davis, an energy economist at UC Berkeley, “because of all of a sudden you’re not being able to rely on natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phasing out fossil fuels would be a massive change in the energy grid. Utilities rely on natural gas plants to meet demand when renewables fall short, particularly in the early evening when the sun sets and people turn on their air conditioners as they get home from work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable energy experts have looked to batteries that can store \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2018-05-21/commentary-californias-new-rooftop-mandate-solar-power-enthusiasts-not-impressed\">solar energy \u003c/a>generated in the afternoon as one possible solution, but the technology is not ready for widescale deployment.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Kathleen Ronayne, Don Thompson and Sophia Bollag, as well as KQED Science staff contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 585,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1704927540,
"excerpt": "Only Hawaii has a similarly ambitious path to clean energy -- but the California bill carries no penalties for falling short.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Only Hawaii has a similarly ambitious path to clean energy -- but the California bill carries no penalties for falling short.",
"title": "California Ups the Ante: 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2045 | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Ups the Ante: 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2045",
"datePublished": "2018-08-29T11:20:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:59:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-clean-energy-by-2045",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Jonathan J. Cooper\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate",
"path": "/science/1930465/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-clean-energy-by-2045",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California appears to be on a path toward one of the nation’s most ambitious clean-energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State, which is also the world’s fifth largest economy, would accelerate its efforts to generate most of the state’s energy from carbon-free sources and set a goal of phasing out fossil fuels entirely by 2045 under legislation approved Tuesday by state lawmakers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>If signed by Gov. Jerry Brown, the bill will require California utilities to get half their energy from wind, solar and other specific renewable sources by 2026 — four years sooner than current law requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>They would then have four more years to get 60 percent from renewables. The 2045 deadline of phasing out fossil fuels is a goal that does not include mandates or penalties. Hawaii is the only other U.S. state that has set the future bar at 100 percent renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>The California measure by Democratic Sen. Kevin de Leon, who is running for U.S. Senate, got a last-minute celebrity endorsement when former Vice President Al Gore and actor and former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger wrote letters in support. Other actors, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Chris Hemsworth and Mark Ruffalo, have tweeted their support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, state legislators proved to the world that climate leadership is alive and well in California, even if it’s absent in Washington D.C.,” said Laura Wisland, senior energy manager at the Union of Concerned Scientists in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>It was one of more than 100 bills voted on Tuesday by the Senate and Assembly as lawmakers speed toward a Friday deadline to finish their business for the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>Most Democrats cheered the renewable energy bill as another way for California to show global leadership in addressing climate change by charting a path for other large economies to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>“We have to be a leader. We have to show what can be done,” said Assemblyman Bill Quirk, a Hayward Democrat. “If we can get to 100 percent renewables, others will as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>Quirk, a scientist who has worked on climate change research, said he wasn’t sure if the new goals were feasible, but the state must try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans, joined by a handful of moderate Democrats, said the legislation would saddle families and businesses with higher energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>“Why would this body double-down and further increase costs on struggling California families?” said Steven Choi, R-Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>The new goal is a big leap from the state’s current farthest-reaching goal of 50 percent renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One hundred percent is a whole other ball of wax,” says Lucas Davis, an energy economist at UC Berkeley, “because of all of a sudden you’re not being able to rely on natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phasing out fossil fuels would be a massive change in the energy grid. Utilities rely on natural gas plants to meet demand when renewables fall short, particularly in the early evening when the sun sets and people turn on their air conditioners as they get home from work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable energy experts have looked to batteries that can store \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2018-05-21/commentary-californias-new-rooftop-mandate-solar-power-enthusiasts-not-impressed\">solar energy \u003c/a>generated in the afternoon as one possible solution, but the technology is not ready for widescale deployment.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-body-item ad-in-text-target \">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Kathleen Ronayne, Don Thompson and Sophia Bollag, as well as KQED Science staff contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930465/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-clean-energy-by-2045",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1930465"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1627",
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_3370",
"science_140"
],
"featImg": "science_1312189",
"label": "source_science_1930465"
},
"science_1930403": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930403",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930403",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1535478211000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1535478211,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Mysterious Die-Off in the Malibu Lagoon Leaves Hundreds of Fish Floating",
"headTitle": "Mysterious Die-Off in the Malibu Lagoon Leaves Hundreds of Fish Floating | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California officials were trying Monday to solve a stinky mystery: A die-off has left hundreds of fish floating in a recently restored lagoon on the tiny Malibu coast.[contextly_sidebar id=”F3hh1RYvcZXN9NOjUOqqiElXpx2iUtDV”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists believe the Malibu Lagoon die-off, which began last Wednesday, is likely caused by unusually warm water temperatures, said Craig Sap, superintendent of California State Parks’ Angeles District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had many days in a row of warmer-than-usual temperatures. We hadn’t had much of a breeze down there to keep the temperatures down,” Sap said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>Other possibilities include elevated nutrient levels, dropping levels of dissolved oxygen or having too many fish in the lagoon. Officials are taking water samples and fish for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malibu Lagoon underwent a controversial restoration project in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major conservation groups, including Sierra Club and Audubon Society chapters, backed the restoration, but others sued to stop the project, contending it would destroy sensitive wildlife habitat. The battle lasted for years but the project finally broke ground in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The die-off has raised locals’ concerns about what some call failures in the project.[contextly_sidebar id=”qM9lVHeHyvzl1kJfiQZadEmn0KDh1BkB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resident Wendy Dunn told \u003ca href=\"https://ktla.com/2018/08/27/hundreds-of-dead-fish-prompt-malibu-lagoon-investigation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KTLA\u003c/a> that State Parks ignored plans for so-called breach points that would allow the lagoon water to mix with fresh ocean water to keep proper oxygen levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sap said breaching manually would cause more damage to the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you end up doing is, some species that are not meant to be there get in, and species get flushed out when they shouldn’t have been,” Sap said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the lagoon project improved the ecosystem by providing better oxygen levels and the number of fish in the lagoon has since increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 298,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704927544,
"excerpt": "California officials this week are trying to solve a stinky mystery: A die-off has left hundreds of fish floating in a recently restored lagoon on the tony Malibu coast.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California officials this week are trying to solve a stinky mystery: A die-off has left hundreds of fish floating in a recently restored lagoon on the tony Malibu coast.",
"title": "Mysterious Die-Off in the Malibu Lagoon Leaves Hundreds of Fish Floating | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Mysterious Die-Off in the Malibu Lagoon Leaves Hundreds of Fish Floating",
"datePublished": "2018-08-28T10:43:31-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:59:04-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "mysterious-die-off-in-the-malibu-lagoon-leaves-hundreds-of-fish-floating",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Ariel Tu\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Animals",
"path": "/science/1930403/mysterious-die-off-in-the-malibu-lagoon-leaves-hundreds-of-fish-floating",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California officials were trying Monday to solve a stinky mystery: A die-off has left hundreds of fish floating in a recently restored lagoon on the tiny Malibu coast.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists believe the Malibu Lagoon die-off, which began last Wednesday, is likely caused by unusually warm water temperatures, said Craig Sap, superintendent of California State Parks’ Angeles District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had many days in a row of warmer-than-usual temperatures. We hadn’t had much of a breeze down there to keep the temperatures down,” Sap said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>Other possibilities include elevated nutrient levels, dropping levels of dissolved oxygen or having too many fish in the lagoon. Officials are taking water samples and fish for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malibu Lagoon underwent a controversial restoration project in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major conservation groups, including Sierra Club and Audubon Society chapters, backed the restoration, but others sued to stop the project, contending it would destroy sensitive wildlife habitat. The battle lasted for years but the project finally broke ground in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The die-off has raised locals’ concerns about what some call failures in the project.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resident Wendy Dunn told \u003ca href=\"https://ktla.com/2018/08/27/hundreds-of-dead-fish-prompt-malibu-lagoon-investigation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KTLA\u003c/a> that State Parks ignored plans for so-called breach points that would allow the lagoon water to mix with fresh ocean water to keep proper oxygen levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sap said breaching manually would cause more damage to the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you end up doing is, some species that are not meant to be there get in, and species get flushed out when they shouldn’t have been,” Sap said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the lagoon project improved the ecosystem by providing better oxygen levels and the number of fish in the lagoon has since increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930403/mysterious-die-off-in-the-malibu-lagoon-leaves-hundreds-of-fish-floating",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1930403"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_192",
"science_248",
"science_843"
],
"featImg": "science_1930405",
"label": "source_science_1930403"
},
"science_1930318": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930318",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930318",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1535126447000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1535126447,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Some Of The Oldest Ice In The Arctic Is Now Breaking Apart",
"headTitle": "Some Of The Oldest Ice In The Arctic Is Now Breaking Apart | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A huge pack of floating ice along the northern Greenland coastline is breaking up and drifting apart into the Arctic Ocean — another consequence, scientists say, of global warming caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.[contextly_sidebar id=”VWXEuaK2RWs52WZ3Pm3x5TCDM4WNyw5K”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen anything this large in terms of an opening north of Greenland,” says polar scientist \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/research/bios/scambos.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ted Scambos\u003c/a> of the National Snow and Ice Data Center, which collaborates with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sea ice is some of the oldest and thickest in the Arctic. Wind and currents normally shove lots of ice up against the northern coast of Greenland, where it stacks up and clings for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a crowd entering a stadium,” Scambos says. “It’s sort of pushed by the ice behind it until it’s packed really tight, and that’s made it thick and durable.” Think of those long-lasting mounds of ice left on city streets by snowplows — but up to 30 feet thick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming, however, has finally \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">begun to break up this ice\u003c/a>, Scambos says. The Arctic is warming faster than any other part of the planet; last February saw remarkably warm winter temperatures there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The normally year-round frozen ice “kind of rattles around in the Arctic now,” he says. “And [in] this area north of Greenland, what we’re seeing is that the ice is so thin and sort of loosely packed that a few days of strong winds in an unusual direction can push the ice away from the coast that it always collided with in its drift pattern.”[contextly_sidebar id=”jdqGorv5cOMSL6tx0kuM0M3fNqR8XDog”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polar scientists have watched the duration and extent of Arctic Ocean ice decline for many years as a result of warming. But the loss of the Greenland section shows that warming is also changing how ice moves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Greenland ice breakup may be out of sight, for polar scientists, it’s not out of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s another shift in the Arctic environment caused by warming. And scientists point out that the Arctic environment — its ocean currents, ice floes and wind patterns — affects the jet stream, which in turn influences the weather that people get across the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Some+Of+The+Oldest+Ice+In+The+Arctic+Is+Now+Breaking+Apart&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 411,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704927547,
"excerpt": "A massive ice pack that normally clings to northern Greenland's coastline is splitting apart and floating out to sea. Climate change is to blame, scientists say.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A massive ice pack that normally clings to northern Greenland's coastline is splitting apart and floating out to sea. Climate change is to blame, scientists say.",
"title": "Some Of The Oldest Ice In The Arctic Is Now Breaking Apart | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Some Of The Oldest Ice In The Arctic Is Now Breaking Apart",
"datePublished": "2018-08-24T09:00:47-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:59:07-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "some-of-the-oldest-ice-in-the-arctic-is-now-breaking-apart",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=641285739&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 23 Aug 2018 16:25:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 23 Aug 2018 17:58:01 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/08/23/641285739/some-of-the-oldest-ice-in-the-arctic-is-now-breaking-apart?ft=nprml&f=641285739",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/08/20180823_atc_greenland_ice_pack_disintegrates.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1007&d=119&p=2&story=641285739&ft=nprml&f=641285739",
"nprImageAgency": "Mario Tama/Getty Images",
"source": "Environment",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1641359769-e257dd.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1007&d=119&p=2&story=641285739&ft=nprml&f=641285739",
"nprStoryId": "641285739",
"nprByline": "Christopher Joyce, NPR",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 120,
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 23 Aug 2018 19:22:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1930318/some-of-the-oldest-ice-in-the-arctic-is-now-breaking-apart",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/08/20180823_atc_greenland_ice_pack_disintegrates.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1007&d=119&p=2&story=641285739&ft=nprml&f=641285739",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A huge pack of floating ice along the northern Greenland coastline is breaking up and drifting apart into the Arctic Ocean — another consequence, scientists say, of global warming caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen anything this large in terms of an opening north of Greenland,” says polar scientist \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/research/bios/scambos.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ted Scambos\u003c/a> of the National Snow and Ice Data Center, which collaborates with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sea ice is some of the oldest and thickest in the Arctic. Wind and currents normally shove lots of ice up against the northern coast of Greenland, where it stacks up and clings for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a crowd entering a stadium,” Scambos says. “It’s sort of pushed by the ice behind it until it’s packed really tight, and that’s made it thick and durable.” Think of those long-lasting mounds of ice left on city streets by snowplows — but up to 30 feet thick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming, however, has finally \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">begun to break up this ice\u003c/a>, Scambos says. The Arctic is warming faster than any other part of the planet; last February saw remarkably warm winter temperatures there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The normally year-round frozen ice “kind of rattles around in the Arctic now,” he says. “And [in] this area north of Greenland, what we’re seeing is that the ice is so thin and sort of loosely packed that a few days of strong winds in an unusual direction can push the ice away from the coast that it always collided with in its drift pattern.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polar scientists have watched the duration and extent of Arctic Ocean ice decline for many years as a result of warming. But the loss of the Greenland section shows that warming is also changing how ice moves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Greenland ice breakup may be out of sight, for polar scientists, it’s not out of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s another shift in the Arctic environment caused by warming. And scientists point out that the Arctic environment — its ocean currents, ice floes and wind patterns — affects the jet stream, which in turn influences the weather that people get across the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Some+Of+The+Oldest+Ice+In+The+Arctic+Is+Now+Breaking+Apart&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930318/some-of-the-oldest-ice-in-the-arctic-is-now-breaking-apart",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1930318"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3370",
"science_556",
"science_2088",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_1930319",
"label": "source_science_1930318"
},
"science_1930278": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1930278",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1930278",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1535064579000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1535064579,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home?",
"headTitle": "Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It was Arnold Schwarzenegger at his most persuasive: The then-California governor laid out an audacious vision, borrowed from legislators, of the Golden State leading the world in fighting the damaging effects of climate change.[contextly_sidebar id=”4yjW5TIki5aMYR51Brh8CffNfLwFPXf3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal’s sweep was as expansive as the Governator’s sculpted chest. The Global Warming Solutions Act passed on the last day of the legislative session in 2006, with a promise that its suite of carbon-cutting goals would not only do no harm to California’s economy but would expand it, ushering in green jobs and attracting investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also required state agencies to consult with experts to provide periodic analysis of any effect on California’s economic health. But those infrequent and complex reports have merely proved why economics is the dismal science: There’s fuzzy math on all sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the world’s fifth-largest economy, spends billions of dollars every year to support its dozens of climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a separate state law requires economic analysis of major regulations, there is no requirement for a retrospective review. Environmental authorities calculate projections rather than audit the past, a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2017/3542/Improving-CA-Regulatory-Analysis-020317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">problem\u003c/a>\u003c/u> identified by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, which is preparing its own analysis for release later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it has been virtually impossible to tell whether the state’s regulations to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industrial emissions\u003c/a>, its demand that utilities use renewable energy and its push for residential solar panels have saved consumers money or added costs, driven businesses out or created new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger has been steadfast in saying the environmental laws he helped put in motion have outperformed expectations.[contextly_sidebar id=”9B9vsyp6osADOiOtCkkb2Af7I0LXkIXS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were told so many times by business leaders when we passed these environmental laws that businesses were going to leave the state, that the unemployment rate is going to rise, and it would be the end of our economy,” the former governor said in a speech in Vienna in June. “Quite the opposite has happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the promised benefits were that gross state product would increase on the order of $7 billion in 2020, and 100,000 new jobs would be added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with 2020 only 16 months away, it’s unclear whether those numbers will pan out. The state has produced no reliable evidence linking growth so far to climate policies. And economists say it’s nearly impossible to parse whether California’s good fortunes are the result of the environmental laws or despite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board, which developed the blueprint for implementation of the original law and those that have built on it, has expressed frustration. In a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/board/mt/2017/mt012717.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a>\u003c/u> last year, she appeared dissatisfied that the agency’s broad claims of economic benefit weren’t reflected more clearly in its projections, particularly concerning the state-run cap-and-trade system that limits how much companies are permitted to pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the stakes, hers was a breathtakingly candid admission: “We still don’t have the ability to capture, in any kind of models that seem to be available to us, at least some of the elements that we are intuitively claiming,” Nichols said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m wondering,” she went on, “if we have failed, in some way, to…do the kind of research that needs to be done, whether there’s a way to get that kind of research done, so that we’d have a better basis to use economics in decision making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s most recent projections are for the year 2030, outlined in a 132-page \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. With most factors weighed, the document says, California’s climate policies could reduce the economy by .03 percent—a negligible effect, according to economists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28691\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28691\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/mary_nichols-028-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\" width=\"450\" height=\"303\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And California appears well on the way to meeting its nearest goals for cutting greenhouse gases: reducing them over the next two years to what they were in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, said \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/people/bushnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Bushnell\u003c/a>\u003c/u>, an environmental economist at the University of California, Davis, “I think we oversold the argument this was going to cause growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we can really say is that the California economy is growing and doing well” right now, said Bushnell, who has twice participated in state review panels on the economic impact of environmental policy. “Everything else I would take with a huge boulder of salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de León says jobs growth can be traced directly to California’s continuing climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming off the worst economic recession we had, we created upwards of 500,000 jobs in the clean-energy space. That’s 500,000 jobs that didn’t exist were it not for the policies of the Senate, Assembly and the governor,” said de León, a Democrat from Los Angeles who is running to unseat U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His claim is an oft-cited \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://info.aee.net/advanced-energy-jobs-in-california-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistic\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. But many researchers say that measurement doesn’t distinguish between new jobs that add to the workforce and jobs that merely supplant old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/job-impacts-ca-rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a>\u003c/u> the state’s mandate that utilities get half of their power from renewable sources by 2030 will have created as many as 429,000 construction jobs from 2015 to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, labor unions and trade groups cite employment bumps whenever renewable-energy projects or other green mandates are rolled out. But much of that work is temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tricky task of projecting employment was noted by the \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2010/rsrc/ab32_impact/ab32_impact_030410.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislative analyst\u003c/a>\u003c/u> in 2010, when it found that the air board “was not able to provide reliable estimates of the jobs impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One mandate of the 2006 law was that the state consider the “maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reduction” of greenhouse gases. That caution was meant to protect California companies from suddenly absorbing undue burdens to comply.[contextly_sidebar id=”XYdFcHqhM3aNYGs4tzaxVXtXuR9lgldj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, which represents major employers in the state, said he supports the climate goals and agrees that so far the implementation of related policies hasn’t harmed the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added that companies have spent billions undertaking expensive changes to processing plants and manufacturing facilities in order to lower their emissions. And business leaders are concerned about what happens as greenhouse-gas restrictions become even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They understand that the next round of implementation could have Draconian impacts to cost,” Lapsley said, adding that some companies are reluctant to relocate to the state because of that uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to name any of those firms. And some experts say there’s often a host of reasons, including high taxes and soaring housing costs, that companies shy from establishing themselves in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials insist that California has wisely positioned itself to capitalize on the economy of the future, and they note that technology firms are busy developing next-generation batteries and innovating other carbon-free responses to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many benefits derived from California’s climate policies come at a price. The Air Resources Board says the state has spent more than $8 billion in the last four years to keep the programs running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2017-18, the Legislature and Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.caclimateinvestments.ca.gov/about-cci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appropriated\u003c/a> more than $2.7 billion to support greenhouse-gas reduction. The current budget allocates $1.5 billion. Nearly $53 million goes to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/adminfee/revenue.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State support takes many forms. Since 2009, for example, California has offered rebates on the purchase of electric or hydrogen-fuel vehicles, which may cost more than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s part of an effort to meet the governor’s target of putting 5 million \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-climate-fight-gets-harder-soon-big-culprit-cars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads in the next 12 years. The state plans to put $1.4 billion into electric-vehicle infrastructure and more rebates over the next seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say these are all monies well spent, that every dollar used to fight climate change attracts $6 of \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auctionproceeds/2018_cci_annual_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investment\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. That figure reflects, in part, investment generated by state-funded grants to help companies retrofit or buy new emissions-reducing equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-55157\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/health-graphic-600x240.jpg\" alt=\"Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board\" width=\"600\" height=\"240\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials also say climate laws will save the state as much as $11 billion in “avoided social costs”—lost productivity and even public health outlays—by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state says businesses and consumers alike will save money over time, through lower costs for power. For example, the mandate that beginning in 2020 new homes must have solar panels could add as much as $10,000 to house prices, but officials say those sums can be recouped over years of ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the board convened a symposium of esteemed economists, put them in a room for two days and asked them to devise the most effective formula to measure the economic effect of California’s environmental policies. They failed, disagreeing about which model to use, which assumptions to include and even about the advisability of making projections so far into the future about something as volatile as California’s nation-state economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The absence of any consensus then or since suggests how difficult real analysis is. “It’s an issue that we’ve been wrestling with,” said Emily Wimberger, the air board’s chief economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a million things influencing these numbers,” said Chris Thornberg, founding partner at the Beacon Economics consulting firm. The idea that it’s possible to measure the influence of climate policies “is ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1695,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 41
},
"modified": 1704927549,
"excerpt": "California spends billions of dollars per year to support its climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California spends billions of dollars per year to support its climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.",
"title": "Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Is California’s Bid to Lead the World on Climate Solutions Paying Off At Home?",
"datePublished": "2018-08-23T15:49:39-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:59:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "is-californias-bid-to-lead-the-world-on-climate-solutions-paying-off-at-home",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://calmatters.org/",
"nprByline": "Julie Cart\u003c/br>CALmatters",
"sticky": false,
"source": "CALmatters",
"path": "/science/1930278/is-californias-bid-to-lead-the-world-on-climate-solutions-paying-off-at-home",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was Arnold Schwarzenegger at his most persuasive: The then-California governor laid out an audacious vision, borrowed from legislators, of the Golden State leading the world in fighting the damaging effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal’s sweep was as expansive as the Governator’s sculpted chest. The Global Warming Solutions Act passed on the last day of the legislative session in 2006, with a promise that its suite of carbon-cutting goals would not only do no harm to California’s economy but would expand it, ushering in green jobs and attracting investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also required state agencies to consult with experts to provide periodic analysis of any effect on California’s economic health. But those infrequent and complex reports have merely proved why economics is the dismal science: There’s fuzzy math on all sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the world’s fifth-largest economy, spends billions of dollars every year to support its dozens of climate-change programs but has trouble demonstrating whether the promise of the law that spawned them has been kept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a separate state law requires economic analysis of major regulations, there is no requirement for a retrospective review. Environmental authorities calculate projections rather than audit the past, a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2017/3542/Improving-CA-Regulatory-Analysis-020317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">problem\u003c/a>\u003c/u> identified by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, which is preparing its own analysis for release later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it has been virtually impossible to tell whether the state’s regulations to reduce \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/checking-the-math-on-cap-and-trade-some-experts-say-its-not-adding-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industrial emissions\u003c/a>, its demand that utilities use renewable energy and its push for residential solar panels have saved consumers money or added costs, driven businesses out or created new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger has been steadfast in saying the environmental laws he helped put in motion have outperformed expectations.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were told so many times by business leaders when we passed these environmental laws that businesses were going to leave the state, that the unemployment rate is going to rise, and it would be the end of our economy,” the former governor said in a speech in Vienna in June. “Quite the opposite has happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the promised benefits were that gross state product would increase on the order of $7 billion in 2020, and 100,000 new jobs would be added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with 2020 only 16 months away, it’s unclear whether those numbers will pan out. The state has produced no reliable evidence linking growth so far to climate policies. And economists say it’s nearly impossible to parse whether California’s good fortunes are the result of the environmental laws or despite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board, which developed the blueprint for implementation of the original law and those that have built on it, has expressed frustration. In a \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/board/mt/2017/mt012717.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a>\u003c/u> last year, she appeared dissatisfied that the agency’s broad claims of economic benefit weren’t reflected more clearly in its projections, particularly concerning the state-run cap-and-trade system that limits how much companies are permitted to pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the stakes, hers was a breathtakingly candid admission: “We still don’t have the ability to capture, in any kind of models that seem to be available to us, at least some of the elements that we are intuitively claiming,” Nichols said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m wondering,” she went on, “if we have failed, in some way, to…do the kind of research that needs to be done, whether there’s a way to get that kind of research done, so that we’d have a better basis to use economics in decision making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s most recent projections are for the year 2030, outlined in a 132-page \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. With most factors weighed, the document says, California’s climate policies could reduce the economy by .03 percent—a negligible effect, according to economists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28691\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28691\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/mary_nichols-028-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\" width=\"450\" height=\"303\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Nichols chairs the California Air Resources Board. Photo by Carl Costas/CALmatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And California appears well on the way to meeting its nearest goals for cutting greenhouse gases: reducing them over the next two years to what they were in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, said \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/people/bushnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Bushnell\u003c/a>\u003c/u>, an environmental economist at the University of California, Davis, “I think we oversold the argument this was going to cause growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we can really say is that the California economy is growing and doing well” right now, said Bushnell, who has twice participated in state review panels on the economic impact of environmental policy. “Everything else I would take with a huge boulder of salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de León says jobs growth can be traced directly to California’s continuing climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming off the worst economic recession we had, we created upwards of 500,000 jobs in the clean-energy space. That’s 500,000 jobs that didn’t exist were it not for the policies of the Senate, Assembly and the governor,” said de León, a Democrat from Los Angeles who is running to unseat U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His claim is an oft-cited \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://info.aee.net/advanced-energy-jobs-in-california-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistic\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. But many researchers say that measurement doesn’t distinguish between new jobs that add to the workforce and jobs that merely supplant old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/job-impacts-ca-rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a>\u003c/u> the state’s mandate that utilities get half of their power from renewable sources by 2030 will have created as many as 429,000 construction jobs from 2015 to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, labor unions and trade groups cite employment bumps whenever renewable-energy projects or other green mandates are rolled out. But much of that work is temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tricky task of projecting employment was noted by the \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2010/rsrc/ab32_impact/ab32_impact_030410.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislative analyst\u003c/a>\u003c/u> in 2010, when it found that the air board “was not able to provide reliable estimates of the jobs impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One mandate of the 2006 law was that the state consider the “maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reduction” of greenhouse gases. That caution was meant to protect California companies from suddenly absorbing undue burdens to comply.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, which represents major employers in the state, said he supports the climate goals and agrees that so far the implementation of related policies hasn’t harmed the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added that companies have spent billions undertaking expensive changes to processing plants and manufacturing facilities in order to lower their emissions. And business leaders are concerned about what happens as greenhouse-gas restrictions become even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They understand that the next round of implementation could have Draconian impacts to cost,” Lapsley said, adding that some companies are reluctant to relocate to the state because of that uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to name any of those firms. And some experts say there’s often a host of reasons, including high taxes and soaring housing costs, that companies shy from establishing themselves in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials insist that California has wisely positioned itself to capitalize on the economy of the future, and they note that technology firms are busy developing next-generation batteries and innovating other carbon-free responses to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many benefits derived from California’s climate policies come at a price. The Air Resources Board says the state has spent more than $8 billion in the last four years to keep the programs running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2017-18, the Legislature and Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.caclimateinvestments.ca.gov/about-cci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appropriated\u003c/a> more than $2.7 billion to support greenhouse-gas reduction. The current budget allocates $1.5 billion. Nearly $53 million goes to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/adminfee/revenue.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State support takes many forms. Since 2009, for example, California has offered rebates on the purchase of electric or hydrogen-fuel vehicles, which may cost more than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s part of an effort to meet the governor’s target of putting 5 million \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-climate-fight-gets-harder-soon-big-culprit-cars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads in the next 12 years. The state plans to put $1.4 billion into electric-vehicle infrastructure and more rebates over the next seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say these are all monies well spent, that every dollar used to fight climate change attracts $6 of \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auctionproceeds/2018_cci_annual_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investment\u003c/a>\u003c/u>. That figure reflects, in part, investment generated by state-funded grants to help companies retrofit or buy new emissions-reducing equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-55157\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/health-graphic-600x240.jpg\" alt=\"Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board\" width=\"600\" height=\"240\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials say carbon-cutting measures protect public health. Source: Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officials also say climate laws will save the state as much as $11 billion in “avoided social costs”—lost productivity and even public health outlays—by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state says businesses and consumers alike will save money over time, through lower costs for power. For example, the mandate that beginning in 2020 new homes must have solar panels could add as much as $10,000 to house prices, but officials say those sums can be recouped over years of ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the board convened a symposium of esteemed economists, put them in a room for two days and asked them to devise the most effective formula to measure the economic effect of California’s environmental policies. They failed, disagreeing about which model to use, which assumptions to include and even about the advisability of making projections so far into the future about something as volatile as California’s nation-state economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The absence of any consensus then or since suggests how difficult real analysis is. “It’s an issue that we’ve been wrestling with,” said Emily Wimberger, the air board’s chief economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a million things influencing these numbers,” said Chris Thornberg, founding partner at the Beacon Economics consulting firm. The idea that it’s possible to measure the influence of climate policies “is ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1930278/is-californias-bid-to-lead-the-world-on-climate-solutions-paying-off-at-home",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1930278"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_182",
"science_134",
"science_192",
"science_3370",
"science_140"
],
"featImg": "science_1930311",
"label": "source_science_1930278"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=climate": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 816,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 1578,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_1930972",
"science_1930643",
"science_1930718",
"science_1930749",
"science_1930685",
"science_1930568",
"science_1930527",
"science_1930415",
"science_1930465",
"science_1930403",
"science_1930318",
"science_1930278"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_climate": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"source_science_1930643": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930643",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930718": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930718",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Events",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930749": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930749",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930685": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930685",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Water",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930568": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930568",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930527": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930527",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930415": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930415",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930465": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930465",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930403": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930403",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930318": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930318",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1930278": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1930278",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "CALmatters",
"link": "https://calmatters.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_5376": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5376",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5376",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"name": "Science Podcast",
"slug": "science-podcast",
"taxonomy": "program",
"description": null,
"featImg": null,
"headData": {
"title": "Science Podcast | KQED Science",
"description": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogDescription": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"twDescription": null,
"twImgId": null
},
"ttid": 5376,
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/program/science-podcast"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_5141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Podcast",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Podcast Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5141,
"slug": "podcast",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/podcast"
},
"science_3423": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3423",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3423",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science Podcast",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"socialTitle": "Bay Area Science: Stories & Insights with KQED's Science Podcasts",
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Our captivating podcasts take you on a journey through the Bay Area's vibrant scientific landscape. Discover groundbreaking research & hear expert insights.",
"title": "Bay Area Science: Stories & Insights with KQED's Science Podcasts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3423,
"slug": "science-podcast",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/science-podcast"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_4203": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_4203",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "4203",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Covering Climate Now",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Covering Climate Now Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4203,
"slug": "covering-climate-now",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/covering-climate-now"
},
"science_134": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_134",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "134",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 138,
"slug": "energy-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/energy-2"
},
"science_3370": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3370",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3370",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3370,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featured"
},
"science_3301": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3301",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3301",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fossil fuels",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fossil fuels Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3301,
"slug": "fossil-fuels",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fossil-fuels"
},
"science_556": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_556",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "556",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global warming",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global warming Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 562,
"slug": "global-warming",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-warming"
},
"science_2164": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2164",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2164",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "greenhouse gas emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "greenhouse gas emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2175,
"slug": "greenhouse-gas-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/greenhouse-gas-emissions"
},
"science_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 39,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/events"
},
"science_36": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_36",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "36",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Food Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 38,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/food"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_855": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_855",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "855",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 861,
"slug": "events-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/events-2"
},
"science_3761": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3761",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3761",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global climate action summit",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global climate action summit Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3761,
"slug": "global-climate-action-summit",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-climate-action-summit"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_3730": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3730",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3730",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Wildfires",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Wildfires Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3730,
"slug": "wildfires",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/wildfires"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "water-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-2"
},
"science_113": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_113",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "113",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wildfire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wildfire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 117,
"slug": "wildfire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wildfire"
},
"science_3322": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3322",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3322",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Trump",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Trump Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3322,
"slug": "trump",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/trump"
},
"science_207": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_207",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "207",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wetlands",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wetlands Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 211,
"slug": "wetlands",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wetlands"
},
"science_784": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_784",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "784",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "methane",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "methane Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 791,
"slug": "methane",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/methane"
},
"science_3151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Future of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Future of You Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3151,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/future-of-you"
},
"science_392": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_392",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "392",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "agriculture",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "agriculture Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 398,
"slug": "agriculture",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/agriculture"
},
"science_765": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_765",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "765",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carbon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carbon Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 772,
"slug": "carbon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/carbon"
},
"science_1452": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1452",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "farming",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "farming Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1461,
"slug": "farming",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/farming"
},
"science_3645": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3645",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3645",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "greenhouse emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "greenhouse emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3645,
"slug": "greenhouse-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/greenhouse-emissions"
},
"science_1201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "soil",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "soil Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1210,
"slug": "soil",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/soil"
},
"science_1627": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1627",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1627",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carbon emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carbon emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1636,
"slug": "carbon-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/carbon-emissions"
},
"science_140": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_140",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "140",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "renewable energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "renewable energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 144,
"slug": "renewable-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/renewable-energy"
},
"science_2874": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2874",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2874",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2874,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/animals"
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
},
"science_248": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_248",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "248",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fish",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fish Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 252,
"slug": "fish",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fish"
},
"science_843": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_843",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "843",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ocean",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ocean Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 849,
"slug": "ocean",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/ocean"
},
"science_2088": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2088",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2088",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ice",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ice Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2099,
"slug": "ice",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/ice"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
