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"content": "\u003cp>An El Niño is forecast for the winter ahead, and we all know what that means. Or do we?[contextly_sidebar id=”v01DQ6sHcL6Y8AAzxIVYHh4sXp64rj2P”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño – that cyclical warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean – has long been associated with wet winters across much of the West. Which is always welcome news across the chronically water-short region. But in reality, whether El Niño actually delivers greater-than-normal precipitation is strictly a toss-up, says Jan Null, owner of \u003ca href=\"https://ggweather.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Golden Gate Weather Services\u003c/a>, a consultancy based in Saratoga, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center tells us, in its \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">most recent forecast\u003c/a> of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">ENSO\u003c/span>), that there is as much as a 70 percent chance of El Niño conditions forming during the winter ahead. And it’s likely to be a “weak” El Niño. But what does that mean? Elementally, it means the equatorial Pacific is expected to be warmer than normal, and this may alter weather events around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it doesn’t mean you should get your hopes up for a wet winter. Null has taken it upon himself to try to bring a dose of reality to the situation, via an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ggweather.com/enso2016/us_elnino.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">exhaustive breakdown\u003c/a> of precipitation results from past El Niño events. In an interview with Water Deeply, he explains why our expectations about this weather phenomenon are often wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What does an El Niño prediction mean for precipitation in California and elsewhere in the West?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan Null: With any El Niño, and especially weak events, there is no strong correlation with either above- or below-normal precipitation in California. For example, in the very important Sacramento Basin, of the 10 weak El Niño events since 1950, five have been above normal and five below normal. And the range of these solutions is from 43 percent of normal in 1976–77 to 135 percent of normal in 1977–78.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, rainfall in the California portion of the Colorado ranges from 30 percent of normal in 2006–07 to 214 percent in 2004–05 – both weak El Niños.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is forecasting El Niño so difficult?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null: The accuracy for seasonal forecasts is not nearly as absolute as our weather forecasts in the short term. So with forecasting El Niño, you’re going to run into all the same issues you have with any seasonal forecast. Also, we’re finding out more and more that \u003cspan class=\"caps\">ENSO\u003c/span> events are not happening in a vacuum. It’s not the only thing that’s going on. You also have the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation. I call it an alphabet soup of different things we have going on in the oceans and atmosphere.[contextly_sidebar id=”OjbQz2QiEAo6yhwJeN0DQKaAZQE3BVcq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, of these, the strongest single events are \u003cspan class=\"caps\">ENSO\u003c/span> events, which I think is one of the reasons they get so much attention. But they don’t happen in that vacuum. So sometimes these other things make the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">ENSO\u003c/span> events stronger, or they might subtract from the impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So not only do we have to forecast what the ocean temperatures are going to be along this fairly narrow swathe of the equatorial Pacific. You really have to consider what’s going on in all these other places – looking at pressure patterns in the Arctic or what’s going on in the North Pacific. It’s a complex puzzle. If you forecast one piece out of place, all the other ones aren’t going to fit right together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we also have to discuss the fact that you have climate change \u003cspan class=\"caps\">DNA\u003c/span> in everything that’s going on. The atmosphere and the oceans are warmer, so that’s going to add into the complexity of what’s going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Much of the West is grappling with long-term water shortages. How should we manage our expectations around El Niño and avoid any ‘hype’?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null: I don’t think it necessarily is El Niño hype. There is always the hope that the next winter is going to be wet. People fixate on the idea that “This is an El Niño storm.” Well, you also have big storms in years that are not El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, the way we get our “normal” precipitation is typically by having a lot of years that are a little bit less than normal. And that’s really what the drought in 2011–15 was. So that means you have a deficit over those four years. So to make up that deficit, you not only have to have a normal year. You almost have to have a year that would be twice as wet as normal. But something we have learned is that we can recover without making up all the deficit. And I think we saw that with the water supply after what happened in 2016–17, which was a wet year.[contextly_sidebar id=”9g2Bx8SJCT2SYEdwrQtMNln84K4oOvGl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s really important that water managers, the media and the public \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ggweather.com/enso/enso_myths.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">get out of the old mindset\u003c/a> from 1982–83 and 1997–98 that El Niño means a wet winter for California. I think the attention is appropriate. You just have to put it in context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve often used, over the years, the analogy of a baseball team. You may have this one player who’s a superstar who helps you get more wins than any other player. But on any given day, somebody else might have a hot day and be the one who’s going to be the star. El Niño is not the only player on the team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/10/11/why-you-shouldnt-get-your-hopes-up-about-an-el-nio-this-winter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An El Niño is forecast for the winter ahead, and we all know what that means. Or do we?\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño – that cyclical warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean – has long been associated with wet winters across much of the West. Which is always welcome news across the chronically water-short region. But in reality, whether El Niño actually delivers greater-than-normal precipitation is strictly a toss-up, says Jan Null, owner of \u003ca href=\"https://ggweather.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Golden Gate Weather Services\u003c/a>, a consultancy based in Saratoga, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center tells us, in its \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">most recent forecast\u003c/a> of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">ENSO\u003c/span>), that there is as much as a 70 percent chance of El Niño conditions forming during the winter ahead. And it’s likely to be a “weak” El Niño. But what does that mean? Elementally, it means the equatorial Pacific is expected to be warmer than normal, and this may alter weather events around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it doesn’t mean you should get your hopes up for a wet winter. Null has taken it upon himself to try to bring a dose of reality to the situation, via an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ggweather.com/enso2016/us_elnino.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">exhaustive breakdown\u003c/a> of precipitation results from past El Niño events. In an interview with Water Deeply, he explains why our expectations about this weather phenomenon are often wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What does an El Niño prediction mean for precipitation in California and elsewhere in the West?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan Null: With any El Niño, and especially weak events, there is no strong correlation with either above- or below-normal precipitation in California. For example, in the very important Sacramento Basin, of the 10 weak El Niño events since 1950, five have been above normal and five below normal. And the range of these solutions is from 43 percent of normal in 1976–77 to 135 percent of normal in 1977–78.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, rainfall in the California portion of the Colorado ranges from 30 percent of normal in 2006–07 to 214 percent in 2004–05 – both weak El Niños.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is forecasting El Niño so difficult?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null: The accuracy for seasonal forecasts is not nearly as absolute as our weather forecasts in the short term. So with forecasting El Niño, you’re going to run into all the same issues you have with any seasonal forecast. Also, we’re finding out more and more that \u003cspan class=\"caps\">ENSO\u003c/span> events are not happening in a vacuum. It’s not the only thing that’s going on. You also have the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation. I call it an alphabet soup of different things we have going on in the oceans and atmosphere.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, of these, the strongest single events are \u003cspan class=\"caps\">ENSO\u003c/span> events, which I think is one of the reasons they get so much attention. But they don’t happen in that vacuum. So sometimes these other things make the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">ENSO\u003c/span> events stronger, or they might subtract from the impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So not only do we have to forecast what the ocean temperatures are going to be along this fairly narrow swathe of the equatorial Pacific. You really have to consider what’s going on in all these other places – looking at pressure patterns in the Arctic or what’s going on in the North Pacific. It’s a complex puzzle. If you forecast one piece out of place, all the other ones aren’t going to fit right together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we also have to discuss the fact that you have climate change \u003cspan class=\"caps\">DNA\u003c/span> in everything that’s going on. The atmosphere and the oceans are warmer, so that’s going to add into the complexity of what’s going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Much of the West is grappling with long-term water shortages. How should we manage our expectations around El Niño and avoid any ‘hype’?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null: I don’t think it necessarily is El Niño hype. There is always the hope that the next winter is going to be wet. People fixate on the idea that “This is an El Niño storm.” Well, you also have big storms in years that are not El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, the way we get our “normal” precipitation is typically by having a lot of years that are a little bit less than normal. And that’s really what the drought in 2011–15 was. So that means you have a deficit over those four years. So to make up that deficit, you not only have to have a normal year. You almost have to have a year that would be twice as wet as normal. But something we have learned is that we can recover without making up all the deficit. And I think we saw that with the water supply after what happened in 2016–17, which was a wet year.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s really important that water managers, the media and the public \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.ggweather.com/enso/enso_myths.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">get out of the old mindset\u003c/a> from 1982–83 and 1997–98 that El Niño means a wet winter for California. I think the attention is appropriate. You just have to put it in context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve often used, over the years, the analogy of a baseball team. You may have this one player who’s a superstar who helps you get more wins than any other player. But on any given day, somebody else might have a hot day and be the one who’s going to be the star. El Niño is not the only player on the team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/10/11/why-you-shouldnt-get-your-hopes-up-about-an-el-nio-this-winter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Even in San Francisco, Heat Is Turning Deadly. That's Not Something Colleen Loughman Expected",
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"headTitle": "Even in San Francisco, Heat Is Turning Deadly. That’s Not Something Colleen Loughman Expected | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporter Molly Peterson conducted a 5-month investigation into heat in California, in partnership with KQED Science. In a series of stories, we will examine who’s vulnerable and why, and what it will take to protect people who are vulnerable to heat illness and death at home or on the job.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>ast year, as a Labor Day heat wave descended, Claudia Hernandez was trying to pry open the windows of a house in San Francisco, from 400 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That weekend, San Francisco hit 106 degrees, an all-time record. After two straight days topping 100, Hernandez, who lives in Orange County, pleaded with her godmother, Colleen Loughman, to open her windows and let a breeze through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most in the city, Loughman’s home lacked air conditioning. “A fan, an old school fan, that’s all she had,” Hernandez said. “And her windows were like maybe one-eighth open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dW99X91eyUsWligsBKqfM4oEePyfJVkA”]Talking with her 82-year-old godmother, Hernandez felt something was off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could hear that she was, I don’t know, like, drained,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleen Loughman died the next day, in the house her parents had built. She was at risk because her aging body couldn’t acclimatize to intense, fast-arriving heat. She was vulnerable in her home, without a way to cool down. And though she was loved, she was isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June and September of 2017, two heat waves killed at least 14 people in the Bay Area, and sent hundreds more to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was caught off guard, says the city’s deputy director of public health, Naveena Bobba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we were seeing is really a huge health emergency,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The past five summers have been California’s hottest on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in cool, coastal parts of the state, heat, a sneaky and growing threat, is now one of the state’s top climate-related public health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Why Older People Are At Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>ast September, Loughman wanted her windows closed because she had been having lung trouble, and she feared smog and smoke would make it hard to breathe. She had heard air quality alerts on the news, issued by regional regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spiking heat worsens asthma and lung conditions and raises risks for older people in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Older people have to work harder to stay cool, says Dr. David Eisenman, who directs the Center for Public Health and Disasters at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When your body normally gets hot, it cools down by transferring heat inside its core out to the skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Heat affects everyone differently. The National Weather Service offers this \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/heatrisk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seven-day forecast\u003c/a> to help you assess your risk.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For most people, sweat cools the body well, but not for older ones. “They have a less effective ability to sweat,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Older bodies hold less water than younger ones, putting older people more at risk in a heat wave. And older people are less sensitive to becoming hot and thirsty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over several hot days, all of that means physiological heat can build up without relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Colleen Loughman wasn’t prepared for that in her foggy Parkside neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio /> program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Heat - Who's Vulnerable and Why\" src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/10/PetersonHeatPart2.mp3\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Colleens-block-1.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Isolated in Her Own Neighborhood\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>t. Cecilia Church planted a Catholic community a century ago in a neighborhood set among sand dunes and eucalyptus trees: Parkside. Loughman grew up on 14th Avenue, and in Catholic schools: elementary at St. Cecilia’s, high school at St. Rose Academy, a masters degree in music at Holy Names University, across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she never roamed too far from Parkside, where people were close knit, says her lifelong neighbor, Bob Schumann.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It takes almost two weeks for your body to acclimate to the heat.’\u003ccite>Naveena Bobba,\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I used to go to the house for birthday parties, and they were always playing the piano or something like that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez noticed, and wondered whether her godmother needed more care and companionship.Her parents died; then a few years ago, her sister. Some of the old guard moved out, replaced by young, new transplants. Parkside was changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a strong-willed Loughman wanted to stay put. “I’m okay,” Hernandez says her godmother told her, “I’m okay by myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Heat Builds Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">D\u003c/span>aily calls kept close a relationship that began 30 years ago between Loughman and Hernandez, as an accident of fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Hernandez was just 3 years old, arriving at a new foster home, belonging to Barbara McGovern in San Diego. Visiting McGovern was a longtime friend and former piano teacher of McGovern’s, Loughman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Colleen was so thrilled just to be around that child,” McGovern remembers. “She stayed for about two weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932748\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This social media post by Claudia Hernandez shows her with her two children, Ezekial and Natalie, and godmother, Colleen Loughman. \u003ccite>(Claudia Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loughman remained a San Franciscan, born and bred; Hernandez grew up, got married, had kids and settled in Orange County. She and her kids Ezekiel, now 15, and Natalie, 12, visited San Francisco every summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The daily call was usually newsy, an hour-long update: how’s your day going, how’s work, Ezekiel’s baseball, Natalie’s softball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they quarreled about open windows that Saturday, heat soured the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t call me, Loughman said. I don’t want to talk. Loughman was stubborn, and Hernandez got the point: “She didn’t want to talk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she called back the next day, Sunday afternoon, all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 7:30, Hernandez was calling every 15 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then every 10 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finally reached a woman who ran Loughman’s errands. Please go over there, she said. Around the same time, Hernandez asked her husband, Jose. to call the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jose told the dispatcher Loughman had not picked up her phone. “All right,” Police Dispatcher 236 told him, promising a welfare check. “We’ll get an officer out there as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Sept. 3, Hernandez listened over the phone in agony as Loughman’s helper found her. She was unconscious. The helper tried to rouse Loughman: Colleen, Colleen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when paramedics arrived to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recorded emergency call, responders say that someone on scene is trying resuscitation. But Loughman was pronounced dead on scene, at 9:34 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘Actually, Everybody Is At Risk.’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">D\u003c/span>angerous overheating isn’t something that happens only to elderly people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the temperate Bay Area, heat is a surprise we don’t quickly adjust to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes almost two weeks for your body to acclimate to the heat,” says SFDPH’s Bobba. “And given that heat kind of comes really quickly and leaves fairly quickly in San Francisco, our bodies don’t acclimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the Bay Area are particularly vulnerable to heat illness even at lower temperatures, according to Rupa Basu, chief of the air and climate epidemiology section at the state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. She points out that when heat spikes in the bay, the health effects are similar to what happens in hotter cities with hotter heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s 2017 Labor Day heat wave made headlines for two consecutive 100-degree daytime records. It was also warm at night – over 80 degrees near midnight both Friday and Saturday. During hours people would normally recover from daytime heat, it was hotter than days often are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say overnight heat doesn’t only happen during spiking temperatures; a changing climate is pushing up nighttime temperatures overall. That sneaky kind of a heat wave is becoming more common in California, observes UCLA climatologist Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The magnitude and frequency of heat waves that we’re observing today would have been vanishingly unlikely in a climate without human influence,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Preventable Deaths\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>s climate changes heat risk, public health officials say warning systems are changing too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bay Area conditions are complex: Counties here can experience wildly varying weather conditions at the same time; all decide slightly differently when to issue heat alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”PGXOy6NqJyUVhG5msTkUf8CEpgj1HHpy”]Santa Clara County, which recorded five heat-related deaths last year, explicitly relies on the weather service in its heat emergency planning. So does San Francisco. After last Labor Day, the city has become more aggressive, according to SFDPH’s Bobba, initiating warnings when forecasts indicate daytime temperatures of 85 degrees or above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other counties are developing emergency response plans for heat. Contra Costa considers 96 degrees to be an extremely hot day in the eastern part of the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excessive heat kills more Americans than any other disaster. But even in changing climate, heat-related deaths are preventable. Around the bay, public health officials and doctors, counties, cities and neighborhood groups are allied in rethinking how to find, warn and check on vulnerable people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleen Loughman’s goddaughter is still haunted by her last words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She just said, ‘This heat is killing me. I can’t talk right now. I don’t want to talk.’” And that was it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, after the heat broke, Claudia Hernandez learned she was pregnant. Her new daughter’s middle name is Coco, her nickname for Colleen. And she lets her own air conditioning bills get higher: Hernandez says she’s now determined not to let anyone she loves suffer in heat again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Amel Ahmed was a contributing reporter on this story. This reporting is supported by a grant from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporter Molly Peterson conducted a 5-month investigation into heat in California, in partnership with KQED Science. In a series of stories, we will examine who’s vulnerable and why, and what it will take to protect people who are vulnerable to heat illness and death at home or on the job.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>ast year, as a Labor Day heat wave descended, Claudia Hernandez was trying to pry open the windows of a house in San Francisco, from 400 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That weekend, San Francisco hit 106 degrees, an all-time record. After two straight days topping 100, Hernandez, who lives in Orange County, pleaded with her godmother, Colleen Loughman, to open her windows and let a breeze through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most in the city, Loughman’s home lacked air conditioning. “A fan, an old school fan, that’s all she had,” Hernandez said. “And her windows were like maybe one-eighth open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Talking with her 82-year-old godmother, Hernandez felt something was off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could hear that she was, I don’t know, like, drained,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleen Loughman died the next day, in the house her parents had built. She was at risk because her aging body couldn’t acclimatize to intense, fast-arriving heat. She was vulnerable in her home, without a way to cool down. And though she was loved, she was isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June and September of 2017, two heat waves killed at least 14 people in the Bay Area, and sent hundreds more to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was caught off guard, says the city’s deputy director of public health, Naveena Bobba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we were seeing is really a huge health emergency,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The past five summers have been California’s hottest on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in cool, coastal parts of the state, heat, a sneaky and growing threat, is now one of the state’s top climate-related public health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Why Older People Are At Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>ast September, Loughman wanted her windows closed because she had been having lung trouble, and she feared smog and smoke would make it hard to breathe. She had heard air quality alerts on the news, issued by regional regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spiking heat worsens asthma and lung conditions and raises risks for older people in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Older people have to work harder to stay cool, says Dr. David Eisenman, who directs the Center for Public Health and Disasters at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When your body normally gets hot, it cools down by transferring heat inside its core out to the skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Heat affects everyone differently. The National Weather Service offers this \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/heatrisk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seven-day forecast\u003c/a> to help you assess your risk.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For most people, sweat cools the body well, but not for older ones. “They have a less effective ability to sweat,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Older bodies hold less water than younger ones, putting older people more at risk in a heat wave. And older people are less sensitive to becoming hot and thirsty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over several hot days, all of that means physiological heat can build up without relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Colleen Loughman wasn’t prepared for that in her foggy Parkside neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Isolated in Her Own Neighborhood\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>t. Cecilia Church planted a Catholic community a century ago in a neighborhood set among sand dunes and eucalyptus trees: Parkside. Loughman grew up on 14th Avenue, and in Catholic schools: elementary at St. Cecilia’s, high school at St. Rose Academy, a masters degree in music at Holy Names University, across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she never roamed too far from Parkside, where people were close knit, says her lifelong neighbor, Bob Schumann.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It takes almost two weeks for your body to acclimate to the heat.’\u003ccite>Naveena Bobba,\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I used to go to the house for birthday parties, and they were always playing the piano or something like that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez noticed, and wondered whether her godmother needed more care and companionship.Her parents died; then a few years ago, her sister. Some of the old guard moved out, replaced by young, new transplants. Parkside was changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a strong-willed Loughman wanted to stay put. “I’m okay,” Hernandez says her godmother told her, “I’m okay by myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Heat Builds Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">D\u003c/span>aily calls kept close a relationship that began 30 years ago between Loughman and Hernandez, as an accident of fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Hernandez was just 3 years old, arriving at a new foster home, belonging to Barbara McGovern in San Diego. Visiting McGovern was a longtime friend and former piano teacher of McGovern’s, Loughman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Colleen was so thrilled just to be around that child,” McGovern remembers. “She stayed for about two weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932748\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33115_IMG_6255.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This social media post by Claudia Hernandez shows her with her two children, Ezekial and Natalie, and godmother, Colleen Loughman. \u003ccite>(Claudia Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loughman remained a San Franciscan, born and bred; Hernandez grew up, got married, had kids and settled in Orange County. She and her kids Ezekiel, now 15, and Natalie, 12, visited San Francisco every summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The daily call was usually newsy, an hour-long update: how’s your day going, how’s work, Ezekiel’s baseball, Natalie’s softball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they quarreled about open windows that Saturday, heat soured the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t call me, Loughman said. I don’t want to talk. Loughman was stubborn, and Hernandez got the point: “She didn’t want to talk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she called back the next day, Sunday afternoon, all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 7:30, Hernandez was calling every 15 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then every 10 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finally reached a woman who ran Loughman’s errands. Please go over there, she said. Around the same time, Hernandez asked her husband, Jose. to call the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jose told the dispatcher Loughman had not picked up her phone. “All right,” Police Dispatcher 236 told him, promising a welfare check. “We’ll get an officer out there as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Sept. 3, Hernandez listened over the phone in agony as Loughman’s helper found her. She was unconscious. The helper tried to rouse Loughman: Colleen, Colleen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when paramedics arrived to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recorded emergency call, responders say that someone on scene is trying resuscitation. But Loughman was pronounced dead on scene, at 9:34 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘Actually, Everybody Is At Risk.’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">D\u003c/span>angerous overheating isn’t something that happens only to elderly people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the temperate Bay Area, heat is a surprise we don’t quickly adjust to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes almost two weeks for your body to acclimate to the heat,” says SFDPH’s Bobba. “And given that heat kind of comes really quickly and leaves fairly quickly in San Francisco, our bodies don’t acclimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the Bay Area are particularly vulnerable to heat illness even at lower temperatures, according to Rupa Basu, chief of the air and climate epidemiology section at the state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. She points out that when heat spikes in the bay, the health effects are similar to what happens in hotter cities with hotter heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s 2017 Labor Day heat wave made headlines for two consecutive 100-degree daytime records. It was also warm at night – over 80 degrees near midnight both Friday and Saturday. During hours people would normally recover from daytime heat, it was hotter than days often are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say overnight heat doesn’t only happen during spiking temperatures; a changing climate is pushing up nighttime temperatures overall. That sneaky kind of a heat wave is becoming more common in California, observes UCLA climatologist Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The magnitude and frequency of heat waves that we’re observing today would have been vanishingly unlikely in a climate without human influence,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Preventable Deaths\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>s climate changes heat risk, public health officials say warning systems are changing too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bay Area conditions are complex: Counties here can experience wildly varying weather conditions at the same time; all decide slightly differently when to issue heat alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Santa Clara County, which recorded five heat-related deaths last year, explicitly relies on the weather service in its heat emergency planning. So does San Francisco. After last Labor Day, the city has become more aggressive, according to SFDPH’s Bobba, initiating warnings when forecasts indicate daytime temperatures of 85 degrees or above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other counties are developing emergency response plans for heat. Contra Costa considers 96 degrees to be an extremely hot day in the eastern part of the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excessive heat kills more Americans than any other disaster. But even in changing climate, heat-related deaths are preventable. Around the bay, public health officials and doctors, counties, cities and neighborhood groups are allied in rethinking how to find, warn and check on vulnerable people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleen Loughman’s goddaughter is still haunted by her last words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She just said, ‘This heat is killing me. I can’t talk right now. I don’t want to talk.’” And that was it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, after the heat broke, Claudia Hernandez learned she was pregnant. Her new daughter’s middle name is Coco, her nickname for Colleen. And she lets her own air conditioning bills get higher: Hernandez says she’s now determined not to let anyone she loves suffer in heat again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Amel Ahmed was a contributing reporter on this story. This reporting is supported by a grant from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "States Take On Urgent Negotiations To Avoid Colorado River Crisis",
"headTitle": "States Take On Urgent Negotiations To Avoid Colorado River Crisis | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In 2007, years into a record-breaking drought throughout the southwestern U.S., officials along the Colorado River finally came to an agreement on how they’d deal with future water shortages — and then quietly hoped that wet weather would return.[contextly_sidebar id=”lliViJOAg1AmH71o9IssxV2yP7CUXru8″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those states are now back at the negotiating table to hammer out new deals to avoid a slow-moving crisis on the river system that supports 40 million people in seven Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent of the problem can be seen in a place like Page, Ariz., on the southern edge of Lake Powell, the second-largest reservoir in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Pitt, who works on Colorado River policy for the National Audubon Society, is standing on an overlook peering down at the lake itself and the giant concrete dam holding it in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now you can tell that there’s a river here underneath this reservoir because it has somewhat of a linear shape,” Pitt says, tracing the red rock canyon with her finger. “And it’s wending its way towards where we’re standing, here, overlooking the Glen Canyon Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The canyon beyond the dam is stained with a stark white ring. This past year was one of the driest on record, and this spring the reservoir only received about a third of the amount of water it does in an average year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past 20 years, Pitt says, demands for water have outstripped the supply, meaning Lake Powell and its sister reservoir, Lake Mead further downstream, continue to drop. Both are less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitt says without changes to how the two human-made lakes are managed, they could plummet to levels where no water can be released, referred to as “dead pool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that happened, that would be a catastrophe for this region’s economy, for all of the people who depend on the Colorado River, and for all of the wildlife that depends on it as well,” Pitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drought Contingency Planning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dystopian future of shuttered farms, dried up streams and water-stressed cities is one water managers, like the Upper Colorado River Commission’s James Eklund, are attempting to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Take Lake Mead,” Eklund says. “More is being taken out than comes into it. Like your bank account, if you do that over a sustained period you will run a deficit, and if you’re talking about water for 40 million people and economies that are massive — [the] fifth largest economy in the world [is what] the Colorado River Basin represents — then that’s significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers are attempting to boost reservoir levels with a suite of agreements under the umbrella of “drought contingency planning.” The premise is simple: Cut water use now, and use that saved water to bump up Powell and Mead to help to avoid bigger problems in the future, when supplies are likely to be even tighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Wyoming are working on a plan that covers the river’s Upper Basin and focuses on boosting snowpack with weather modification, better managing existing reservoirs and creating a water bank in Lake Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Basin plan, being worked on by officials in Arizona, California and Nevada, is meant to create new incentives for water users like farmers and cities to conserve water in Lake Mead and to agree to earlier, deeper cuts to water use so the reservoir can avoid dropping to dead pool levels.[contextly_sidebar id=”ypnzIKhd8oswgMF8IIqsSvTLobkLbuwa”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is clearly enough evidence that if we were to have another 2000 to 2004 kind of a multi-year drought, the system is in very serious trouble,” says Eric Kuhn, the former general manager of the Colorado River District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the current guidelines for river management were written back in 2007, he says people were feeling optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically we’ve always said, ‘Well, next year will be better,'” Kuhn says. “And that’s the easy way out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After just finishing one of the driest and hottest water years on record, much of that optimism is gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona has had the hardest time coming to an agreement due to intrastate battles over who will take cuts to water allocations and when they’ll take them. But states in the river’s Upper Basin have had issues, too, especially with the concept of ‘demand management.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the difficult one,” Kuhn says. “Somebody’s going to have to use less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Economies Throughout the Southwest at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of using less water, Kuhn says, there’s a fear that if those cuts aren’t doled out fairly, it could injure economies throughout the southwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years drought contingency plan negotiations have laid bare familiar tensions throughout the basin. For decades it’s been common for farmers and cities to point fingers at their each other’s collective water uses. The same is true with water managers protective of their own interests in either the Upper or Lower Basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado River District officials and Western Slope agricultural interests have said they’re on board with a demand management program only if farmers are given a choice about how much water they give up, and that they’re paid for forgoing water deliveries to their operations. But state officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspentimes.com/news/local/mandatory-curtailment-of-water-rights-in-co-raised-as-possibility/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have left the door open\u003c/a> to mandatory cutbacks in a crisis.[contextly_sidebar id=”ICj6nMnvnky3gcPFFyp1vLcuWIFAamX7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing we have to remember is [water use] in the basin is over 80 percent agriculture,” says Colby Pellegrino, who handles Colorado River issues for the Southern Nevada Water Authority, the Las Vegas metro area’s water utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pellegrino says current conservation programs, like their aggressive buyback of residential lawns, won’t be enough to avoid a crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can take out all the lawns we want and still not solve the problems that climate change is going to throw at us,” Pellegrino says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fear of Federal Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is just one factor to get these deals done quickly. Another is pressure from the federal government. Officials with the U.S. Department of the Interior have given states an end-of-year deadline to get things done. If not, the assumption is the feds will step in and do it for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s, I think, a fear of everybody on the river especially in the Upper Basin,” says Jennifer Gimbel, a former Interior undersecretary, now with Colorado State University. “And the last thing we want is interference by the federal government in that role.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gimbel says the fate of the entire region hangs in the balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Glen Canyon Dam, the National Audubon Society’s Jennifer Pitt says it’s more than just the fates of people and economies tied up in river politics: an entire ecosystem is at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of people who care about wildlife in this region are concerned,” she says. “And it’s not just birds. Seventy percent of all wildlife in the arid West rely on rivers at some point in their life cycle. So it has outsized importance for anyone who appreciates nature in this part of the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a project covering the Colorado River, produced by KUNC and supported through a Walton Family Foundation grant. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+In+Drought%3A+States+Take+On+Urgent+Negotiations+To+Avoid+Colorado+River+Crisis&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "After years of sustained drought, water managers along the Colorado River system are renegotiating water cutbacks to seven Western states, hoping to avoid more drastic shortages in the future.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2007, years into a record-breaking drought throughout the southwestern U.S., officials along the Colorado River finally came to an agreement on how they’d deal with future water shortages — and then quietly hoped that wet weather would return.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those states are now back at the negotiating table to hammer out new deals to avoid a slow-moving crisis on the river system that supports 40 million people in seven Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent of the problem can be seen in a place like Page, Ariz., on the southern edge of Lake Powell, the second-largest reservoir in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Pitt, who works on Colorado River policy for the National Audubon Society, is standing on an overlook peering down at the lake itself and the giant concrete dam holding it in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now you can tell that there’s a river here underneath this reservoir because it has somewhat of a linear shape,” Pitt says, tracing the red rock canyon with her finger. “And it’s wending its way towards where we’re standing, here, overlooking the Glen Canyon Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The canyon beyond the dam is stained with a stark white ring. This past year was one of the driest on record, and this spring the reservoir only received about a third of the amount of water it does in an average year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past 20 years, Pitt says, demands for water have outstripped the supply, meaning Lake Powell and its sister reservoir, Lake Mead further downstream, continue to drop. Both are less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitt says without changes to how the two human-made lakes are managed, they could plummet to levels where no water can be released, referred to as “dead pool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that happened, that would be a catastrophe for this region’s economy, for all of the people who depend on the Colorado River, and for all of the wildlife that depends on it as well,” Pitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drought Contingency Planning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dystopian future of shuttered farms, dried up streams and water-stressed cities is one water managers, like the Upper Colorado River Commission’s James Eklund, are attempting to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Take Lake Mead,” Eklund says. “More is being taken out than comes into it. Like your bank account, if you do that over a sustained period you will run a deficit, and if you’re talking about water for 40 million people and economies that are massive — [the] fifth largest economy in the world [is what] the Colorado River Basin represents — then that’s significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers are attempting to boost reservoir levels with a suite of agreements under the umbrella of “drought contingency planning.” The premise is simple: Cut water use now, and use that saved water to bump up Powell and Mead to help to avoid bigger problems in the future, when supplies are likely to be even tighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Wyoming are working on a plan that covers the river’s Upper Basin and focuses on boosting snowpack with weather modification, better managing existing reservoirs and creating a water bank in Lake Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Basin plan, being worked on by officials in Arizona, California and Nevada, is meant to create new incentives for water users like farmers and cities to conserve water in Lake Mead and to agree to earlier, deeper cuts to water use so the reservoir can avoid dropping to dead pool levels.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is clearly enough evidence that if we were to have another 2000 to 2004 kind of a multi-year drought, the system is in very serious trouble,” says Eric Kuhn, the former general manager of the Colorado River District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the current guidelines for river management were written back in 2007, he says people were feeling optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically we’ve always said, ‘Well, next year will be better,'” Kuhn says. “And that’s the easy way out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After just finishing one of the driest and hottest water years on record, much of that optimism is gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona has had the hardest time coming to an agreement due to intrastate battles over who will take cuts to water allocations and when they’ll take them. But states in the river’s Upper Basin have had issues, too, especially with the concept of ‘demand management.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the difficult one,” Kuhn says. “Somebody’s going to have to use less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Economies Throughout the Southwest at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of using less water, Kuhn says, there’s a fear that if those cuts aren’t doled out fairly, it could injure economies throughout the southwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years drought contingency plan negotiations have laid bare familiar tensions throughout the basin. For decades it’s been common for farmers and cities to point fingers at their each other’s collective water uses. The same is true with water managers protective of their own interests in either the Upper or Lower Basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado River District officials and Western Slope agricultural interests have said they’re on board with a demand management program only if farmers are given a choice about how much water they give up, and that they’re paid for forgoing water deliveries to their operations. But state officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspentimes.com/news/local/mandatory-curtailment-of-water-rights-in-co-raised-as-possibility/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have left the door open\u003c/a> to mandatory cutbacks in a crisis.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing we have to remember is [water use] in the basin is over 80 percent agriculture,” says Colby Pellegrino, who handles Colorado River issues for the Southern Nevada Water Authority, the Las Vegas metro area’s water utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pellegrino says current conservation programs, like their aggressive buyback of residential lawns, won’t be enough to avoid a crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can take out all the lawns we want and still not solve the problems that climate change is going to throw at us,” Pellegrino says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fear of Federal Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is just one factor to get these deals done quickly. Another is pressure from the federal government. Officials with the U.S. Department of the Interior have given states an end-of-year deadline to get things done. If not, the assumption is the feds will step in and do it for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s, I think, a fear of everybody on the river especially in the Upper Basin,” says Jennifer Gimbel, a former Interior undersecretary, now with Colorado State University. “And the last thing we want is interference by the federal government in that role.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gimbel says the fate of the entire region hangs in the balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Glen Canyon Dam, the National Audubon Society’s Jennifer Pitt says it’s more than just the fates of people and economies tied up in river politics: an entire ecosystem is at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of people who care about wildlife in this region are concerned,” she says. “And it’s not just birds. Seventy percent of all wildlife in the arid West rely on rivers at some point in their life cycle. So it has outsized importance for anyone who appreciates nature in this part of the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a project covering the Colorado River, produced by KUNC and supported through a Walton Family Foundation grant. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+In+Drought%3A+States+Take+On+Urgent+Negotiations+To+Avoid+Colorado+River+Crisis&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Female Geniuses Gets Intimate Portrait in Bay Area Play",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siJk7O-bSRQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this year, when two women won Nobel Prizes in science, only 17 women in the field had ever won the prestigious award. Since their inception, men have won nearly 98 percent of science Nobel Prizes. The striking disparity invites a lot of commentary, and now art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new play, called “No Belles” \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/no-belles-oct-13-tickets-48522343636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has arrived in\u003c/a> the Bay Area, to illuminate the identities and stories of some of those female Nobel Prize winners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story opens with an inquiry: Why is Marie Curie the only female scientist of note that people recognize? This evolves into researching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444697/nobel-prizes-grapple-with-widespread-gender-disparity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stark, unflattering statistics\u003c/a> mentioned above.[contextly_sidebar id=”46K8WV9zCrNuiX4oBBpwPYXanjGDmrOs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created by Portal Theater in Portland, No Belles focuses on three women — Rosalyn Yalow, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Rosalind Franklin, while also telling the stories of other winners in short form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/yalow/auto-biography/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosalyn Yalow\u003c/a> won the 1977 Nobel in Medicine & Physiology, and was the first American-born woman to win in that category. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/search/?s=Rita+Levi-Montalcini+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rita Levi-Montalcini\u003c/a> was an Italian Nobel Prize winner for her work in neurobiology. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosalind Franklin\u003c/a>, meanwhile, was from the United Kingdom, and made contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA and RNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medicine Nobel Prize Winner Rita Levi-Montalcini honored with the Legion D’Honneur Medal receives compliments from the French Ambassador Jean-Marc De La Sabliere (R) and the President of the French Academy in Rome Frederic Mitterrand (L) at the Villa Medici on December 5, 2008 in Rome, Italy. \u003ccite>(Franco Origlia/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Previous well-known plays celebrating male scientists have included Michael Frayn’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpgDILDlGvc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Copenhagen\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/tom-stoppards-arcadia-at-twenty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia\u003c/a>. But just as with the Nobel Prize, female scientists have been shortchanged when it comes to artistic depictions of scientific accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Belles seeks to honor their stories with an intimate look into their genius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Belles will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/no-belles-oct-13-tickets-48522343636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing in San Rafael\u003c/a> on Saturday, October 13 at Mills College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/siJk7O-bSRQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/siJk7O-bSRQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Until this year, when two women won Nobel Prizes in science, only 17 women in the field had ever won the prestigious award. Since their inception, men have won nearly 98 percent of science Nobel Prizes. The striking disparity invites a lot of commentary, and now art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new play, called “No Belles” \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/no-belles-oct-13-tickets-48522343636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has arrived in\u003c/a> the Bay Area, to illuminate the identities and stories of some of those female Nobel Prize winners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story opens with an inquiry: Why is Marie Curie the only female scientist of note that people recognize? This evolves into researching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444697/nobel-prizes-grapple-with-widespread-gender-disparity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stark, unflattering statistics\u003c/a> mentioned above.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created by Portal Theater in Portland, No Belles focuses on three women — Rosalyn Yalow, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Rosalind Franklin, while also telling the stories of other winners in short form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/yalow/auto-biography/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosalyn Yalow\u003c/a> won the 1977 Nobel in Medicine & Physiology, and was the first American-born woman to win in that category. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/search/?s=Rita+Levi-Montalcini+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rita Levi-Montalcini\u003c/a> was an Italian Nobel Prize winner for her work in neurobiology. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosalind Franklin\u003c/a>, meanwhile, was from the United Kingdom, and made contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA and RNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-83929159-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medicine Nobel Prize Winner Rita Levi-Montalcini honored with the Legion D’Honneur Medal receives compliments from the French Ambassador Jean-Marc De La Sabliere (R) and the President of the French Academy in Rome Frederic Mitterrand (L) at the Villa Medici on December 5, 2008 in Rome, Italy. \u003ccite>(Franco Origlia/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Previous well-known plays celebrating male scientists have included Michael Frayn’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpgDILDlGvc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Copenhagen\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/tom-stoppards-arcadia-at-twenty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia\u003c/a>. But just as with the Nobel Prize, female scientists have been shortchanged when it comes to artistic depictions of scientific accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Belles seeks to honor their stories with an intimate look into their genius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Belles will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/no-belles-oct-13-tickets-48522343636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing in San Rafael\u003c/a> on Saturday, October 13 at Mills College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Biosphere 2: A Once Troubled Social Experiment is Transformed",
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"content": "\u003cp>They lived for two years and 20 minutes under the glass of a miniature Earth, complete with an ocean, rain forest, desert, grasslands and mangroves. Their air and water were recycled, and they grew the sweet potatoes, rice and other food they needed to survive.[contextly_sidebar id=”vAhk3ez7HbI2bnqSHjyPT5s7salbQmHV”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,500 people were invited and some 200 journalists were on hand as the eight original inhabitants of Biosphere 2 left their glass terrarium a quarter-century ago last month in two groups that no longer talked to each other amid the stress of sharing a small space and disputes over how the project should be run. Detractors called the $150 million experiment a failure because additional oxygen was pumped into what was supposed to be a self-sustaining system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A power struggle in subsequent months led Texas billionaire backer Edward P. Bass to hire investment banker Stephen Bannon, who was later President Trump’s chief strategist, to bring the project back from financial disarray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Biosphere 2 is a different kind of place, a University of Arizona site where researchers from around the world can study everything from the effects of the ocean’s acidification on coral to ways of ensuring food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It started out as a great, big kind of societal experiment and was transformed by pure ingenuity into something else that has proved useful,” said Jeffrey S. Dukes, director of the Perdue Climate Change Research Center. “It’s also a really cool facility to tour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joaquin Ruiz, a geologist who directs the project in the Sonoran Desert about 30 miles northeast of Tucson, said Biosphere 2′s controlled environments allow researchers to conduct experiments they won’t try outside “because you don’t want to have unintended circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means researchers from the Global Institute for Water Security at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada don’t have to worry about harming the environment while studying how plants in the tiny rainforest adjust their water consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The miniature ocean is being renovated so researchers from places including the University of Hawaii can continue experiments on a miniature reef without hurting reefs in the Pacific. A $550,000 grant from Johns Hopkins University is helping scientists test theories about water movement on three artificial hillslopes known as the Landscape Evolution Observatory, a gigantic Earth science laboratory.[contextly_sidebar id=”iM24vQgI5QlRF0rTdOHTWhN4MXVwi9j7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university assumed management of Biosphere 2 in mid-2007 and in June 2011 announced full acquisition of the glass-enclosed area of just over 3 acres (1 hectare) that reaches as tall as 75 feet (23 meters) in some places, and the buildings and grounds around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Dukes, independent ecologist Christopher Field, director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, said Biosphere 2 has proved useful for science in its current iteration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to separate it from what it was originally to see its worth today,” said Field, adding that controlled environment facilities like Biosphere 2 “are a powerful way to help us understand the way the world works. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is an important piece in our portfolio for understanding climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist John Adams, Biosphere 2′s deputy director, has been with the project since 1995, when he was a new University of Arizona graduate. “It’s always been an audacious, ambitious project,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adams said 55 people now work at the site, including 30 researchers. Bass donated $30 million to Biosphere 2 last year and sits on its advisory board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have been doing a really great job, laying some strong foundations for their science,” Jane Poynter, one of the eight original Biosphere 2 inhabitants, said of the current research. “Twenty-five years after we came out it’s still very forward-looking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poynter said that since she and the other “Biospherians” emerged from the greenhouse, much of the original animosity has faded away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial project was the brainchild of systems ecologist John Allen, and Bass was financial backer when the first group of four women and four men entered Biosphere 2 on Sept. 26, 1991. Now almost 90, Allen lives quietly in Santa Fe, New Mexico.[contextly_sidebar id=”4sggZbfPmrBzcyvbzK1tdjVgFMVPfDHV”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mission by a second group was terminated early after Bass ousted Allen and other top managers in April 1994 and temporarily made Bannon acting director during a management dispute. Bannon led the project for about two years, and Columbia University then took over, changing the once virtually airtight structure to a “flow-through” system and manipulating carbon dioxide levels to study global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poynter and Taber MacCallum later married and settled in Tucson, where they operate World View Enterprises, a company that is pioneering flight to the edge of space with high-altitude balloons. They met during training for Biosphere 2, and their romance flourished after entering the enclosure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple hopes World View’s high-altitude remote-controlled balloons will eventually be used for weather monitoring, communications and research at a fraction of the cost of satellites. They are also working on a craft called Voyager, which they want to use to take people some 100,000 feet (30,480 meters) above Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crew members Abigail Alling, Mark Van Thillo and Sarah Silverstone work with their Biosphere Foundation, which conducts marine research in southeast Asia. Fellow crew member Linda Leigh, a botanist lives near Biosphere 2 in Arizona. Crew physician \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Walford\">Roy Walford\u003c/a>, a well-known researcher on the effects of a low-calorie diet on longevity, died from Lou Gehrig’s disease in 2004 at age 79.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other crew member, Mark Nelson, lives in Santa Fe and recently published a book called “Pushing Our Limits: Insights from Biosphere 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the book, Nelson reflects on the group’s experiences and calls on people to renew their relationship with nature to help reverse trends threatening the original biosphere, Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remain optimistic about the prospects for the ‘human experiment,’” he writes. “Problems humans cause can also be solved by humans.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>They lived for two years and 20 minutes under the glass of a miniature Earth, complete with an ocean, rain forest, desert, grasslands and mangroves. Their air and water were recycled, and they grew the sweet potatoes, rice and other food they needed to survive.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,500 people were invited and some 200 journalists were on hand as the eight original inhabitants of Biosphere 2 left their glass terrarium a quarter-century ago last month in two groups that no longer talked to each other amid the stress of sharing a small space and disputes over how the project should be run. Detractors called the $150 million experiment a failure because additional oxygen was pumped into what was supposed to be a self-sustaining system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A power struggle in subsequent months led Texas billionaire backer Edward P. Bass to hire investment banker Stephen Bannon, who was later President Trump’s chief strategist, to bring the project back from financial disarray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Biosphere 2 is a different kind of place, a University of Arizona site where researchers from around the world can study everything from the effects of the ocean’s acidification on coral to ways of ensuring food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It started out as a great, big kind of societal experiment and was transformed by pure ingenuity into something else that has proved useful,” said Jeffrey S. Dukes, director of the Perdue Climate Change Research Center. “It’s also a really cool facility to tour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joaquin Ruiz, a geologist who directs the project in the Sonoran Desert about 30 miles northeast of Tucson, said Biosphere 2′s controlled environments allow researchers to conduct experiments they won’t try outside “because you don’t want to have unintended circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means researchers from the Global Institute for Water Security at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada don’t have to worry about harming the environment while studying how plants in the tiny rainforest adjust their water consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The miniature ocean is being renovated so researchers from places including the University of Hawaii can continue experiments on a miniature reef without hurting reefs in the Pacific. A $550,000 grant from Johns Hopkins University is helping scientists test theories about water movement on three artificial hillslopes known as the Landscape Evolution Observatory, a gigantic Earth science laboratory.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university assumed management of Biosphere 2 in mid-2007 and in June 2011 announced full acquisition of the glass-enclosed area of just over 3 acres (1 hectare) that reaches as tall as 75 feet (23 meters) in some places, and the buildings and grounds around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Dukes, independent ecologist Christopher Field, director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, said Biosphere 2 has proved useful for science in its current iteration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to separate it from what it was originally to see its worth today,” said Field, adding that controlled environment facilities like Biosphere 2 “are a powerful way to help us understand the way the world works. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is an important piece in our portfolio for understanding climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist John Adams, Biosphere 2′s deputy director, has been with the project since 1995, when he was a new University of Arizona graduate. “It’s always been an audacious, ambitious project,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adams said 55 people now work at the site, including 30 researchers. Bass donated $30 million to Biosphere 2 last year and sits on its advisory board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have been doing a really great job, laying some strong foundations for their science,” Jane Poynter, one of the eight original Biosphere 2 inhabitants, said of the current research. “Twenty-five years after we came out it’s still very forward-looking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poynter said that since she and the other “Biospherians” emerged from the greenhouse, much of the original animosity has faded away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial project was the brainchild of systems ecologist John Allen, and Bass was financial backer when the first group of four women and four men entered Biosphere 2 on Sept. 26, 1991. Now almost 90, Allen lives quietly in Santa Fe, New Mexico.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mission by a second group was terminated early after Bass ousted Allen and other top managers in April 1994 and temporarily made Bannon acting director during a management dispute. Bannon led the project for about two years, and Columbia University then took over, changing the once virtually airtight structure to a “flow-through” system and manipulating carbon dioxide levels to study global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poynter and Taber MacCallum later married and settled in Tucson, where they operate World View Enterprises, a company that is pioneering flight to the edge of space with high-altitude balloons. They met during training for Biosphere 2, and their romance flourished after entering the enclosure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple hopes World View’s high-altitude remote-controlled balloons will eventually be used for weather monitoring, communications and research at a fraction of the cost of satellites. They are also working on a craft called Voyager, which they want to use to take people some 100,000 feet (30,480 meters) above Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crew members Abigail Alling, Mark Van Thillo and Sarah Silverstone work with their Biosphere Foundation, which conducts marine research in southeast Asia. Fellow crew member Linda Leigh, a botanist lives near Biosphere 2 in Arizona. Crew physician \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Walford\">Roy Walford\u003c/a>, a well-known researcher on the effects of a low-calorie diet on longevity, died from Lou Gehrig’s disease in 2004 at age 79.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other crew member, Mark Nelson, lives in Santa Fe and recently published a book called “Pushing Our Limits: Insights from Biosphere 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the book, Nelson reflects on the group’s experiences and calls on people to renew their relationship with nature to help reverse trends threatening the original biosphere, Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remain optimistic about the prospects for the ‘human experiment,’” he writes. “Problems humans cause can also be solved by humans.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Fact-Checking California Governor's Debate on KQED: Climate and Energy",
"headTitle": "Fact-Checking California Governor’s Debate on KQED: Climate and Energy | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>You won’t be seeing much of California’s gubernatorial candidates this fall — at least, you won’t be seeing much of them \u003cem>together\u003c/em>. The only debate between Democrat Gavin Newsom and Republican John Cox took place on KQED’s Forum radio \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867627/cox-newsom-face-off-in-final-california-gubernatorial-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program\u003c/a> Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prompted by host Scott Shafer, the two had a lengthy exchange about the state’s approach to climate change. Newsom applauded the state’s aggressive goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while Cox said they would impose too high a price for the average Californian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is a transcript of what Newsom and Cox said, along with our fact-checking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Shafer kicked off the debate by asking Cox if he agreed with the steps California had taken to reduce the greenhouse gases that are affecting the climate. .\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>John Cox: \u003c/strong>I’m not an ideologue on this. I’m a problem solver. I’m also not a climatologist but I’ll certainly listen to climatologists. I believe the Earth is getting warmer and humans may well have an effect on it. And I want the air as clean as possible. I drive an electric car; I’m proud of that. The point is, are we getting enough of an impact on the world’s atmosphere to justify the cost to the people of this state? India and China are dumping tons of carbon into the air. We’ve done a lot in California to clean the air. Frankly, the politicians like Gavin have failed miserably to police the forest and take care of the forest and manage the forest. The carbon that was released by the fires comprised months of carbon from cars, trucks that we’re working to reduce.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK\u003c/strong>: When Cox says “humans may well have” an effect on the climate, that is understating the case. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalchange.gov/nca4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4th National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>, released by the Trump administration in 2017:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Natural factors are still affecting the planet’s climate today. The difference is that, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, humans have been increasingly affecting global climate, to the point where we are now the primary cause of recent and projected future change. The majority of the warming at the global scale over the past 50 years can only be explained by the effects of human influences, especially the emissions from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and from deforestation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It is true that California “has done a lot” in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This year the state met its goal of reducing emissions to 1990 levels four years ahead of its target date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox mentions India and China as big C02 emitters. While it is true that China is the \u003ca href=\"http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/emis/top2014.tot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top emitter\u003c/a> of CO2, as of 2014, India produced less than half that of the U.S., which remains the largest emitter on a per capita basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox also asks if California is making enough of an impact on global emissions to “justify the cost to the people of this state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear what Cox means by “cost.” Overall, the state’s economy has grown since the 2006 passage of AB 32, the landmark bill that mandated cuts in carbon emissions. Consumers also get a “climate rebate” on their electric bills from revenues generated by the state’s cap and trade system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California produces roughly 1 percent of the world’s carbon emissions. The “impact” that the state has made in helping solve the problem of climate change has less to do with the actual reduction of emissions than it does with serving as a model for other states and subnational entities around the world to follow. A dozen or so other states have adopted California’s stricter standards for auto emissions, and several have copied AB 32, to the point of even replicating its name — the Global Warming Solutions Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding tending to forests and its relationship to the increasingly destructive and deadly fires California has been experiencing, Cox is correct in saying the state has fallen \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927354/controlled-burns-can-help-solve-californias-fire-problem-so-why-arent-there-more-of-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">way behind\u003c/a> in forest management. Most fire scientists agree that there has to be much more aggressive use of tools like thinning, controlled burns and “managed fire,” all of which are controversial to some degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cars and trucks, not fires, remain the largest source of greenhouse gases in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gavin Newsom:\u003c/strong> John Cox at least acknowledged enthusiastically that Donald Trump did the right thing when he pulled out of Paris. [The Paris Agreement, signed by almost 200 countries, aims to limit the global temperature increase.] I reject that and I applaud the leadership in the state of California, particularly Gov. Brown, to radically change the way we produce and consume energy. I applaud his effort to get to 100 percent renewables by 2045, to get to 60 percent renewables by 2030. And I believe California has a unique role and responsibility, not just nationally, but internationally to lead. Again, this reflects a stark contrast in this campaign for governor, someone who believes in climate change and believes that it’s man-made. John still is not convinced it’s man-made.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK: \u003c/strong>The U.S. is technically still in the Paris accord. President Trump has announced his intention to withdraw, but it’s a multi-year process to do so. (For practical purposes, this might be a matter of semantics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers on renewables that Newsom cites refer to SB 100, which Gov. Brown signed last month. By 100 pecent “renewables,” he really means 100 percent clean or low-carbon energy, because under the new law, allowable energy sources include hydropower dams, nuclear power andfossil fuels in which carbon emissions are captured. Meeting those goals will be no small feat, necessitating a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wholesale transformation\u003c/a> of the way the state gets its energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1020x695.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-768x524.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1200x818.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1920x1309.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1180x804.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-960x654.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-520x354.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Lt. Gov. and gubernatorial candidate Gavin Newsom (L) talks with residents as he visits the Alice Griffith Apartments in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Cox:\u003c/strong> I certainly want the air to be clean but we’re going to keep pounding people of this state into poverty. Electricity prices in the state are already almost twice what Texas pays. I think it’s a wonderful goal to have renewable energy. \u003cb>\u003c/b>I’m all in favor but we can’t keep increasing the cost of electricity. I favor nuclear power, I think that can be done cleanly. Natural gas can be done cleanly. I believe we could use technology to ultimately have cars that are much cleaner burning. But right now the wind doesn’t always blow and the sun doesn’t always shine, and we need to make sure that we have a backup power. We need to make sure that we have a backup and Jerry Brown has been taking flack from the left from the keep-it-in-the-ground lobby about fracking and about drilling in California, not off the coast but in the mainland of California.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932507\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California GOP Gubernatorial Candidate John Cox speaks at the U.S. Grant Hotel on in San Diego. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK: \u003c/strong>It’s true that Californians pay more than Texans per unit of electricity, measured in kilowatt-hours. (It’s about a third more, not twice.) But monthly residential bills are actually about a third \u003cem>lower\u003c/em> because we use less electricity than Texans do. Californians rank in the lowest fourth of all the states when it comes to their electricity bills, having invested heavily in energy efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Newsom: \u003c/strong> I think fracking is starting to fall on its own petard and Wall Street is the one leading this recognition. You’re seeing interest rates rise; the fracking experiment is beginning to wane. So I think that’s a natural opportunity for the next governor to get a little bit more aggressive as it relates to fracking.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK : \u003c/strong>Fracking has not been profitable for companies. From \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/30/how-the-us-fracking-boom-almost-fell-apart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a> in August: “Because so few fracking companies actually make money, the most vital ingredient in fracking isn’t chemicals, but capital, with companies relying on Wall Street’s willingness to fund them. If it weren’t for historically low interest rates, it’s not clear there would even have been a fracking boom at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom may also be using “fracking” in this context as a proxy for all oil and gas production. (Fracking is just one method used in energy production, one that has largely enabled the national boom in natural gas production.) It’s true that fossil fuels are beginning to fall out of favor among investors, but that’s a long way from saying they’re toast. One recent report from \u003ca href=\"https://www.carbontracker.org/reports/2020-vision-why-you-should-see-the-fossil-fuel-peak-coming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carbon Tracker\u003c/a> suggested that “peak fossil” could occur as soon as sometime around 2023, but even if this optimistic scenario is on target, fossil fuels will be omnipresent for decades to come; they’ll just be a gradually shrinking part of the mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Cox: \u003c/strong>That’s wonderful except people can’t afford to live in this state. And they’re moving out, and our electricity costs and our gasoline costs are pounding the average person. And it’s all well and good to talk about this wonderful goal that we have. Let’s work toward it, but let’s not kill people in terms of their affordable lifestyles.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: \u003c/em>It’s true that California has high gas prices — in fact, currently, the second highest after Hawaii, according to \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/state-gas-price-averages/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AAA. \u003c/a>One reason is that the state requires a specialized gas formula in order to reduce air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state has also said that AB 32’s cap-and-trade rules have added 11 cents per gallon to gas prices. That’s in addition to the 12-cent per gallon gas tax that Jerry Brown signed last year to raise $5 billion a year to improve roads, highways and other transportation in California. Voters will decide whether or not to repeal that tax through \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696663/what-if-californians-repealed-the-gas-tax-prop-6-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 6\u003c/a> this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Amel Ahmed, Jon Brooks, Craig Miller, and Lauren Sommer contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California's Gubernatorial candidates sound off on climate change policies, fracking, and California's new goal of obtaining all of its energy from clean sources by 2045. But did they get it right?",
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"description": "California's Gubernatorial candidates sound off on climate change policies, fracking, and California's new goal of obtaining all of its energy from clean sources by 2045. But did they get it right?",
"title": "Fact-Checking California Governor's Debate on KQED: Climate and Energy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You won’t be seeing much of California’s gubernatorial candidates this fall — at least, you won’t be seeing much of them \u003cem>together\u003c/em>. The only debate between Democrat Gavin Newsom and Republican John Cox took place on KQED’s Forum radio \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867627/cox-newsom-face-off-in-final-california-gubernatorial-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program\u003c/a> Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prompted by host Scott Shafer, the two had a lengthy exchange about the state’s approach to climate change. Newsom applauded the state’s aggressive goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while Cox said they would impose too high a price for the average Californian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is a transcript of what Newsom and Cox said, along with our fact-checking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Shafer kicked off the debate by asking Cox if he agreed with the steps California had taken to reduce the greenhouse gases that are affecting the climate. .\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>John Cox: \u003c/strong>I’m not an ideologue on this. I’m a problem solver. I’m also not a climatologist but I’ll certainly listen to climatologists. I believe the Earth is getting warmer and humans may well have an effect on it. And I want the air as clean as possible. I drive an electric car; I’m proud of that. The point is, are we getting enough of an impact on the world’s atmosphere to justify the cost to the people of this state? India and China are dumping tons of carbon into the air. We’ve done a lot in California to clean the air. Frankly, the politicians like Gavin have failed miserably to police the forest and take care of the forest and manage the forest. The carbon that was released by the fires comprised months of carbon from cars, trucks that we’re working to reduce.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK\u003c/strong>: When Cox says “humans may well have” an effect on the climate, that is understating the case. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalchange.gov/nca4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4th National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>, released by the Trump administration in 2017:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Natural factors are still affecting the planet’s climate today. The difference is that, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, humans have been increasingly affecting global climate, to the point where we are now the primary cause of recent and projected future change. The majority of the warming at the global scale over the past 50 years can only be explained by the effects of human influences, especially the emissions from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and from deforestation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It is true that California “has done a lot” in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This year the state met its goal of reducing emissions to 1990 levels four years ahead of its target date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox mentions India and China as big C02 emitters. While it is true that China is the \u003ca href=\"http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/emis/top2014.tot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top emitter\u003c/a> of CO2, as of 2014, India produced less than half that of the U.S., which remains the largest emitter on a per capita basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox also asks if California is making enough of an impact on global emissions to “justify the cost to the people of this state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear what Cox means by “cost.” Overall, the state’s economy has grown since the 2006 passage of AB 32, the landmark bill that mandated cuts in carbon emissions. Consumers also get a “climate rebate” on their electric bills from revenues generated by the state’s cap and trade system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California produces roughly 1 percent of the world’s carbon emissions. The “impact” that the state has made in helping solve the problem of climate change has less to do with the actual reduction of emissions than it does with serving as a model for other states and subnational entities around the world to follow. A dozen or so other states have adopted California’s stricter standards for auto emissions, and several have copied AB 32, to the point of even replicating its name — the Global Warming Solutions Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding tending to forests and its relationship to the increasingly destructive and deadly fires California has been experiencing, Cox is correct in saying the state has fallen \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927354/controlled-burns-can-help-solve-californias-fire-problem-so-why-arent-there-more-of-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">way behind\u003c/a> in forest management. Most fire scientists agree that there has to be much more aggressive use of tools like thinning, controlled burns and “managed fire,” all of which are controversial to some degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cars and trucks, not fires, remain the largest source of greenhouse gases in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gavin Newsom:\u003c/strong> John Cox at least acknowledged enthusiastically that Donald Trump did the right thing when he pulled out of Paris. [The Paris Agreement, signed by almost 200 countries, aims to limit the global temperature increase.] I reject that and I applaud the leadership in the state of California, particularly Gov. Brown, to radically change the way we produce and consume energy. I applaud his effort to get to 100 percent renewables by 2045, to get to 60 percent renewables by 2030. And I believe California has a unique role and responsibility, not just nationally, but internationally to lead. Again, this reflects a stark contrast in this campaign for governor, someone who believes in climate change and believes that it’s man-made. John still is not convinced it’s man-made.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK: \u003c/strong>The U.S. is technically still in the Paris accord. President Trump has announced his intention to withdraw, but it’s a multi-year process to do so. (For practical purposes, this might be a matter of semantics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers on renewables that Newsom cites refer to SB 100, which Gov. Brown signed last month. By 100 pecent “renewables,” he really means 100 percent clean or low-carbon energy, because under the new law, allowable energy sources include hydropower dams, nuclear power andfossil fuels in which carbon emissions are captured. Meeting those goals will be no small feat, necessitating a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wholesale transformation\u003c/a> of the way the state gets its energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1020x695.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-768x524.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1200x818.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1920x1309.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-1180x804.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-960x654.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1021414352-520x354.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Lt. Gov. and gubernatorial candidate Gavin Newsom (L) talks with residents as he visits the Alice Griffith Apartments in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Cox:\u003c/strong> I certainly want the air to be clean but we’re going to keep pounding people of this state into poverty. Electricity prices in the state are already almost twice what Texas pays. I think it’s a wonderful goal to have renewable energy. \u003cb>\u003c/b>I’m all in favor but we can’t keep increasing the cost of electricity. I favor nuclear power, I think that can be done cleanly. Natural gas can be done cleanly. I believe we could use technology to ultimately have cars that are much cleaner burning. But right now the wind doesn’t always blow and the sun doesn’t always shine, and we need to make sure that we have a backup power. We need to make sure that we have a backup and Jerry Brown has been taking flack from the left from the keep-it-in-the-ground lobby about fracking and about drilling in California, not off the coast but in the mainland of California.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932507\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-968048180-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California GOP Gubernatorial Candidate John Cox speaks at the U.S. Grant Hotel on in San Diego. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK: \u003c/strong>It’s true that Californians pay more than Texans per unit of electricity, measured in kilowatt-hours. (It’s about a third more, not twice.) But monthly residential bills are actually about a third \u003cem>lower\u003c/em> because we use less electricity than Texans do. Californians rank in the lowest fourth of all the states when it comes to their electricity bills, having invested heavily in energy efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Newsom: \u003c/strong> I think fracking is starting to fall on its own petard and Wall Street is the one leading this recognition. You’re seeing interest rates rise; the fracking experiment is beginning to wane. So I think that’s a natural opportunity for the next governor to get a little bit more aggressive as it relates to fracking.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK : \u003c/strong>Fracking has not been profitable for companies. From \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/30/how-the-us-fracking-boom-almost-fell-apart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a> in August: “Because so few fracking companies actually make money, the most vital ingredient in fracking isn’t chemicals, but capital, with companies relying on Wall Street’s willingness to fund them. If it weren’t for historically low interest rates, it’s not clear there would even have been a fracking boom at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom may also be using “fracking” in this context as a proxy for all oil and gas production. (Fracking is just one method used in energy production, one that has largely enabled the national boom in natural gas production.) It’s true that fossil fuels are beginning to fall out of favor among investors, but that’s a long way from saying they’re toast. One recent report from \u003ca href=\"https://www.carbontracker.org/reports/2020-vision-why-you-should-see-the-fossil-fuel-peak-coming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carbon Tracker\u003c/a> suggested that “peak fossil” could occur as soon as sometime around 2023, but even if this optimistic scenario is on target, fossil fuels will be omnipresent for decades to come; they’ll just be a gradually shrinking part of the mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Cox: \u003c/strong>That’s wonderful except people can’t afford to live in this state. And they’re moving out, and our electricity costs and our gasoline costs are pounding the average person. And it’s all well and good to talk about this wonderful goal that we have. Let’s work toward it, but let’s not kill people in terms of their affordable lifestyles.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FACT CHECK\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: \u003c/em>It’s true that California has high gas prices — in fact, currently, the second highest after Hawaii, according to \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/state-gas-price-averages/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AAA. \u003c/a>One reason is that the state requires a specialized gas formula in order to reduce air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state has also said that AB 32’s cap-and-trade rules have added 11 cents per gallon to gas prices. That’s in addition to the 12-cent per gallon gas tax that Jerry Brown signed last year to raise $5 billion a year to improve roads, highways and other transportation in California. Voters will decide whether or not to repeal that tax through \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696663/what-if-californians-repealed-the-gas-tax-prop-6-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 6\u003c/a> this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Amel Ahmed, Jon Brooks, Craig Miller, and Lauren Sommer contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two Americans won the Nobel Prize in economics on Monday for studying a pressing issue facing the global economy: how to deal with pollution and climate change and how to foster the innovation needed to tackle such problems.[contextly_sidebar id=”aFMmotvNSht1tek6ZSafnBmy5J7U2Pye”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Nordhaus of Yale University and Paul Romer of New York University were announced winners of the 9-million-kronor ($1.01 million) prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before moving to New York University, Romer, 62, was a professor at Stanford University as well as a senior fellow at Stanford’s Center for International Development, the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, and the Hoover Institution. Previously, he taught at the University of California, Berkeley. He also founded Aplia, an educational technology company that was based in Belmont, Calif., and then San Francisco; it was bought in 2007 by Cengage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romer’s father is Roy Romer, who was governor of Colorado from 1987 to 1999 and superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District from 2000 to 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Romer’s work “explains how ideas are different to other goods and require specific conditions to thrive in a market,” the academy said. Romer’s work found that unregulated economies will produce technological change, but insufficiently provide research and development; this can be addressed by government interventions such and R&D subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordhaus in the 1990s became the first person to create a model that “describes the global interplay between the economy and the climate,” the academy said. Working separately from Romer, he showed that “the most efficient remedy for problems caused by greenhouse gases is a global scheme of universally imposed carbon taxes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon taxes are fees imposed on companies that burn carbon-based fuels such as coal and oil. Advocates see the taxes as encouraging companies to use less-polluting fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, for sure, a Nobel Prize about the big questions,” University of Michigan economist Justin Wolfers said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per Stromberg, head of the Nobel economics prize committee, said “it’s about the long-run future of the world economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first one is how do we keep on generating the new ideas, the new innovations, the new research that’s so important to solve the problems we’re facing in the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The second is how do we deal with the negative effects of economic growth, which have to do with the emission of greenhouse gases leading to a warmer climate – which not just hurts the economy, but risks the life of everyone on earth,” Stromberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize comes just a day after an international panel of scientists issued a report detailing how Earth’s weather, health and ecosystems would be in better shape if the world’s leaders could somehow limit future human-caused warming to just 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (a half degree Celsius) from now, instead of the globally agreed-upon goal of 1.8 degrees F (1 degree C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordhaus has argued that climate change should be considered a “global public good,” like public health and international trade, and regulated accordingly, but not through a command-and-control approach. Instead, by agreeing on a global price for burning carbon that reflects its whole cost, this primary cause of rising temperatures could be traded and taxed, putting market forces to work on the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many economists have since endorsed the concept of taxing carbon and using this financial lever to influence societal behavior. But adopting the regulatory frameworks on a global scale has been a complex challenge, and the world’s political leaders are failing to meet it, the head of the United Nations said last month.[contextly_sidebar id=”OaXVPC74ERrdCqrpdk9jzqTXMv0Fk432″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres bluntly told leaders in New York that unless current emission trends for greenhouse gases are reversed by 2020, it will be impossible to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), which was a key goal of the 2015 Paris climate accords. The U.N. chief challenged governments to end fossil fuel subsidies, help shift toward renewable energy and back a price for carbon emissions that reflects their actual cost. He cited, for example, that climate-related disasters already cost the world $320 billion last year, a figure likely to grow with increased warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people think that dealing with protecting the environment will be so costly and so hard that they just want to ignore the problem,” Romer said by telephone to the Swedish academy. “I hope the prize today could help everyone see that humans are capable of amazing accomplishments when we set about trying to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economics prize is the last of the Nobels to be announced this year. Last year’s prize went to American Richard Thaler for studying how human irrationality affects economic theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peace prize was awarded Friday to Denis Mukwege of Congo and Iraqi Nadia Murad for their work to draw attention to how sexual violence is used as a weapon of war.___Heintz reported from Moscow.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two Americans won the Nobel Prize in economics on Monday for studying a pressing issue facing the global economy: how to deal with pollution and climate change and how to foster the innovation needed to tackle such problems.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Nordhaus of Yale University and Paul Romer of New York University were announced winners of the 9-million-kronor ($1.01 million) prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before moving to New York University, Romer, 62, was a professor at Stanford University as well as a senior fellow at Stanford’s Center for International Development, the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, and the Hoover Institution. Previously, he taught at the University of California, Berkeley. He also founded Aplia, an educational technology company that was based in Belmont, Calif., and then San Francisco; it was bought in 2007 by Cengage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romer’s father is Roy Romer, who was governor of Colorado from 1987 to 1999 and superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District from 2000 to 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Romer’s work “explains how ideas are different to other goods and require specific conditions to thrive in a market,” the academy said. Romer’s work found that unregulated economies will produce technological change, but insufficiently provide research and development; this can be addressed by government interventions such and R&D subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordhaus in the 1990s became the first person to create a model that “describes the global interplay between the economy and the climate,” the academy said. Working separately from Romer, he showed that “the most efficient remedy for problems caused by greenhouse gases is a global scheme of universally imposed carbon taxes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon taxes are fees imposed on companies that burn carbon-based fuels such as coal and oil. Advocates see the taxes as encouraging companies to use less-polluting fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, for sure, a Nobel Prize about the big questions,” University of Michigan economist Justin Wolfers said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per Stromberg, head of the Nobel economics prize committee, said “it’s about the long-run future of the world economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first one is how do we keep on generating the new ideas, the new innovations, the new research that’s so important to solve the problems we’re facing in the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The second is how do we deal with the negative effects of economic growth, which have to do with the emission of greenhouse gases leading to a warmer climate – which not just hurts the economy, but risks the life of everyone on earth,” Stromberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize comes just a day after an international panel of scientists issued a report detailing how Earth’s weather, health and ecosystems would be in better shape if the world’s leaders could somehow limit future human-caused warming to just 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (a half degree Celsius) from now, instead of the globally agreed-upon goal of 1.8 degrees F (1 degree C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordhaus has argued that climate change should be considered a “global public good,” like public health and international trade, and regulated accordingly, but not through a command-and-control approach. Instead, by agreeing on a global price for burning carbon that reflects its whole cost, this primary cause of rising temperatures could be traded and taxed, putting market forces to work on the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many economists have since endorsed the concept of taxing carbon and using this financial lever to influence societal behavior. But adopting the regulatory frameworks on a global scale has been a complex challenge, and the world’s political leaders are failing to meet it, the head of the United Nations said last month.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres bluntly told leaders in New York that unless current emission trends for greenhouse gases are reversed by 2020, it will be impossible to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), which was a key goal of the 2015 Paris climate accords. The U.N. chief challenged governments to end fossil fuel subsidies, help shift toward renewable energy and back a price for carbon emissions that reflects their actual cost. He cited, for example, that climate-related disasters already cost the world $320 billion last year, a figure likely to grow with increased warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people think that dealing with protecting the environment will be so costly and so hard that they just want to ignore the problem,” Romer said by telephone to the Swedish academy. “I hope the prize today could help everyone see that humans are capable of amazing accomplishments when we set about trying to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economics prize is the last of the Nobels to be announced this year. Last year’s prize went to American Richard Thaler for studying how human irrationality affects economic theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peace prize was awarded Friday to Denis Mukwege of Congo and Iraqi Nadia Murad for their work to draw attention to how sexual violence is used as a weapon of war.___Heintz reported from Moscow.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "UN Report Issues Life-Or-Death Warning For Planetary Survival",
"headTitle": "UN Report Issues Life-Or-Death Warning For Planetary Survival | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Preventing an extra single degree of heat could make a life-or-death difference in the next few decades for multitudes of people and ecosystems on this fast-warming planet, an international panel of scientists reported Sunday. But they provide little hope the world will rise to the challenge.[contextly_sidebar id=”sohluwz08eQDArC4pTov5vMO4JxNCAB0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Prize-winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued its gloomy report at a meeting in Incheon, South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 728-page document, the U.N. organization detailed how Earth’s weather, health and ecosystems would be in better shape if the world’s leaders could somehow limit future human-caused warming to just 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (a half degree Celsius) from now, instead of the globally agreed-upon goal of 1.8 degrees F (1 degree C). Among other things:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Half as many people would suffer from lack of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There would be fewer deaths and illnesses from heat, smog and infectious diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Seas would rise nearly 4 inches (0.1 meters) less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Half as many animals with back bones and plants would lose the majority of their habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There would be substantially fewer heat waves, downpours and droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— The West Antarctic ice sheet might not kick into irreversible melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— And it just may be enough to save most of the world’s coral reefs from dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some people this is a life-or-death situation without a doubt,” said Cornell University climate scientist Natalie Mahowald, a lead author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting warming to 0.9 degrees from now means the world can keep “a semblance” of the ecosystems we have. Adding another 0.9 degrees on top of that — the looser global goal — essentially means a different and more challenging Earth for people and species, said another of the report’s lead authors, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, director of the Global Change Institute at the University of Queensland, Australia.[contextly_sidebar id=”6iGTegzlqnJy3vvE51EIswJGMTsbNzDB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But meeting the more ambitious goal of slightly less warming would require immediate, draconian cuts in emissions of heat-trapping gases and dramatic changes in the energy field. While the U.N. panel says technically that’s possible, it saw little chance of the needed adjustments happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, international negotiators adopted a goal of limiting warming to 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) since pre-industrial times. It’s called the 2-degree goal. In 2015, when the nations of the world agreed to the historic Paris climate agreement, they set dual goals: 2 degrees C and a more demanding target of 1.5 degrees C from pre-industrial times. The 1.5 was at the urging of vulnerable countries that called 2 degrees a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world has already warmed 1 degree C since pre-industrial times, so the talk is really about the difference of another half-degree C or 0.9 degrees F from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no definitive way to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 above pre-industrial levels,” the U.N.-requested report said. More than 90 scientists wrote the report, which is based on more than 6,000 peer reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Global warming is likely to reach 1.5 degrees C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate,” the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep in the report, scientists say less than 2 percent of 529 of their calculated possible future scenarios kept warming below the 1.5 goal without the temperature going above that and somehow coming back down in the future.[contextly_sidebar id=”in2KgHa53e2tcTtamr1IDOwgLLpCZBnm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pledges nations made in the Paris agreement in 2015 are “clearly insufficient to limit warming to 1.5 in any way,” one of the study’s lead authors, Joerj Roeglj of the Imperial College in London, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t see the possibility of doing the one and a half” and even 2 degrees looks unlikely, said Appalachian State University environmental scientist Gregg Marland, who isn’t part of the U.N. panel but has tracked global emissions for decades for the U.S. Energy Department. He likened the report to an academic exercise wondering what would happen if a frog had wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet report authors said they remain optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting warming to the lower goal is “not impossible but will require unprecedented changes,” U.N. panel chief Hoesung Lee said in a news conference in which scientists repeatedly declined to spell out just how feasible that goal is. They said it is up to governments to decide whether those unprecedented changes are acted upon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a monumental task in front of us, but it is not impossible,” Mahowald said earlier. “This is our chance to decide what the world is going to look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To limit warming to the lower temperature goal, the world needs “rapid and far-reaching” changes in energy systems, land use, city and industrial design, transportation and building use, the report said. Annual carbon dioxide pollution levels that are still rising now would have to drop by about half by 2030 and then be near zero by 2050. Emissions of other greenhouse gases, such as methane, also will have to drop. Switching away rapidly from fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas to do this could be more expensive than the less ambitious goal, but it would clean the air of other pollutants. And that would have the side benefit of avoiding more than 100 million premature deaths through this century, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate-related risks to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security and economic growth are projected to increase with global warming” the report said, adding that the world’s poor are more likely to get hit hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Princeton University climate scientist Michael Oppenheimer said extreme weather, especially heat waves, will be deadlier if the lower goal is passed.[contextly_sidebar id=”1kD3REVLsFvJR9oJ9qWuEXYNwpnE1SPp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting the tougher-to-reach goal “could result in around 420 million fewer people being frequently exposed to extreme heat waves, and about 65 million fewer people being exposed to exceptional heat waves,” the report said. The deadly heat waves that hit India and Pakistan in 2015 will become practically yearly events if the world reaches the hotter of the two goals, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coral and other ecosystems are also at risk. The report said warmer water coral reefs “will largely disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome will determine whether “my grandchildren would get to see beautiful coral reefs,” Princeton’s Oppenheimer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For scientists there is a bit of “wishful thinking” that the report will spur governments and people to act quickly and strongly, one of the panel’s leaders, German biologist Hans-Otto Portner, said. “If action is not taken it will take the planet into an unprecedented climate future.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Preventing an extra single degree of heat could make a life-or-death difference in the next few decades for multitudes of people and ecosystems on this fast-warming planet, an international panel of scientists reported Sunday. But they provide little hope the world will rise to the challenge.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Prize-winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued its gloomy report at a meeting in Incheon, South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 728-page document, the U.N. organization detailed how Earth’s weather, health and ecosystems would be in better shape if the world’s leaders could somehow limit future human-caused warming to just 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (a half degree Celsius) from now, instead of the globally agreed-upon goal of 1.8 degrees F (1 degree C). Among other things:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Half as many people would suffer from lack of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There would be fewer deaths and illnesses from heat, smog and infectious diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Seas would rise nearly 4 inches (0.1 meters) less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Half as many animals with back bones and plants would lose the majority of their habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There would be substantially fewer heat waves, downpours and droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— The West Antarctic ice sheet might not kick into irreversible melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— And it just may be enough to save most of the world’s coral reefs from dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some people this is a life-or-death situation without a doubt,” said Cornell University climate scientist Natalie Mahowald, a lead author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting warming to 0.9 degrees from now means the world can keep “a semblance” of the ecosystems we have. Adding another 0.9 degrees on top of that — the looser global goal — essentially means a different and more challenging Earth for people and species, said another of the report’s lead authors, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, director of the Global Change Institute at the University of Queensland, Australia.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But meeting the more ambitious goal of slightly less warming would require immediate, draconian cuts in emissions of heat-trapping gases and dramatic changes in the energy field. While the U.N. panel says technically that’s possible, it saw little chance of the needed adjustments happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, international negotiators adopted a goal of limiting warming to 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) since pre-industrial times. It’s called the 2-degree goal. In 2015, when the nations of the world agreed to the historic Paris climate agreement, they set dual goals: 2 degrees C and a more demanding target of 1.5 degrees C from pre-industrial times. The 1.5 was at the urging of vulnerable countries that called 2 degrees a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world has already warmed 1 degree C since pre-industrial times, so the talk is really about the difference of another half-degree C or 0.9 degrees F from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no definitive way to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 above pre-industrial levels,” the U.N.-requested report said. More than 90 scientists wrote the report, which is based on more than 6,000 peer reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Global warming is likely to reach 1.5 degrees C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate,” the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep in the report, scientists say less than 2 percent of 529 of their calculated possible future scenarios kept warming below the 1.5 goal without the temperature going above that and somehow coming back down in the future.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pledges nations made in the Paris agreement in 2015 are “clearly insufficient to limit warming to 1.5 in any way,” one of the study’s lead authors, Joerj Roeglj of the Imperial College in London, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t see the possibility of doing the one and a half” and even 2 degrees looks unlikely, said Appalachian State University environmental scientist Gregg Marland, who isn’t part of the U.N. panel but has tracked global emissions for decades for the U.S. Energy Department. He likened the report to an academic exercise wondering what would happen if a frog had wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet report authors said they remain optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting warming to the lower goal is “not impossible but will require unprecedented changes,” U.N. panel chief Hoesung Lee said in a news conference in which scientists repeatedly declined to spell out just how feasible that goal is. They said it is up to governments to decide whether those unprecedented changes are acted upon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a monumental task in front of us, but it is not impossible,” Mahowald said earlier. “This is our chance to decide what the world is going to look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To limit warming to the lower temperature goal, the world needs “rapid and far-reaching” changes in energy systems, land use, city and industrial design, transportation and building use, the report said. Annual carbon dioxide pollution levels that are still rising now would have to drop by about half by 2030 and then be near zero by 2050. Emissions of other greenhouse gases, such as methane, also will have to drop. Switching away rapidly from fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas to do this could be more expensive than the less ambitious goal, but it would clean the air of other pollutants. And that would have the side benefit of avoiding more than 100 million premature deaths through this century, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate-related risks to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security and economic growth are projected to increase with global warming” the report said, adding that the world’s poor are more likely to get hit hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Princeton University climate scientist Michael Oppenheimer said extreme weather, especially heat waves, will be deadlier if the lower goal is passed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting the tougher-to-reach goal “could result in around 420 million fewer people being frequently exposed to extreme heat waves, and about 65 million fewer people being exposed to exceptional heat waves,” the report said. The deadly heat waves that hit India and Pakistan in 2015 will become practically yearly events if the world reaches the hotter of the two goals, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coral and other ecosystems are also at risk. The report said warmer water coral reefs “will largely disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome will determine whether “my grandchildren would get to see beautiful coral reefs,” Princeton’s Oppenheimer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For scientists there is a bit of “wishful thinking” that the report will spur governments and people to act quickly and strongly, one of the panel’s leaders, German biologist Hans-Otto Portner, said. “If action is not taken it will take the planet into an unprecedented climate future.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "should-californians-be-rebuilding-homes-in-a-fire-zone",
"title": "Should Californians Be Rebuilding Homes in a Fire Zone?",
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"headTitle": "Should Californians Be Rebuilding Homes in a Fire Zone? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A year ago, on a warm, windy night, Paul Lowenthal got the call; he was needed at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tubbs Fire, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/multimedia/7567543-181/santa-rosas-tubbs-fire-spread\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on its way\u003c/a> to becoming the most destructive blaze in California history, was spreading into Santa Rosa, and Lowenthal, the city’s assistant fire marshal, needed to get people out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was exploding at a rate that I would have never imagined,” he says. “I left in my work truck and uniform and thought: worst case scenario, I’ll be back tomorrow morning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘In a disaster, there’s such a strong emotional pull to get what you lost back.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Julie Combs, Santa Rosa City Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Later that night, he drove past his own neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You couldn’t actually make out individual homes in here,” he says. “It just looked like an entire wall of fire. And then realized right away my house is gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked the next five days on just a few hours of sleep, until finally, he stopped to take stock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then realized I have nothing,” he says. “Literally had nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picking Up the Pieces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fueled by extreme winds, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma County’s Tubbs fire\u003c/a> killed 22 people and destroyed more than 5,000 homes and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the community has banded together to pick up the pieces. But it’s also been grappling with a tough question — one that faces fire-ravaged communities around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire is a normal part of the California landscape. So, how — and where — should residents rebuild to protect themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932391\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932391\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-1200x676.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-960x541.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nearly a year after the Tubbs Fire, Paul Lowenthal’s Larkfield rebuild was finally nearing completion — this time with more fire-resistant materials. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of Sonoma residents have opted to stay put, both financially and emotionally tied to their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowenthal is one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do I think those areas will burn again?” he says. “Absolutely. It’s done it before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It happened 54 years ago, when the Hanly Fire burned almost exactly same area. But since then, Santa Rosa’s population has grown by nearly six times, and Lowenthal was keenly aware of this latest fire’s effect on an already-tight housing market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made a decision that it made more sense to rebuild here,” he says. His daughter was also a big part of that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Could I have convinced her that we could live in a really cool place somewhere else?” he says. “Maybe. But this was our home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the hills above Santa Rosa, wooden frames of houses are rising among the blackened trees. Many of the rebuilt homes will include new fire-resistant building materials, something few had when the fire swept through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, because of California’s decade-old zoning rules, almost 2,000 of the destroyed structures will not be required to meet building standards for wildfire-prone areas. Some homeowners are taking it on themselves to meet them anyway, dipping into their insurance payouts to cover the cost. Others are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, given the region’s severe housing shortage even before last year’s firestorm, city and county governments are under pressure to build new housing in areas at risk for wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people are trying to heal and recover, local leaders have been faced with balancing those delicate issues. With climate change making California’s fires more extreme, their decisions will affect lives for decades to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tubbs Fire swept away about 5 percent of Santa Rosa’s housing stock. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildland Building Codes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after the fires, Lowenthal’s Larkfield home is finally taking shape, still a few weeks away from final inspection. This time, he says it will be better prepared to withstand fire, built with cement-fiber siding and other fire-resistant materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between the roof, the siding, things of that nature, it was definitely a step that I wanted to take,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lowenthal isn’t legally obligated to do any of that, as his home was outside the area subject to California’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/downloads/ICC_2009_Ch7A_2007_rev_1Jan09_Supplement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wildland-Urban Interface Codes\u003c/a>.” They include a broad range of standards for siding, roofs, decks, and windows, as well as requirements for gutters and attic vents that are meant to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917346/wildfires-can-attack-your-house-from-the-inside-heres-how-to-prevent-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prevent embers blown ahead of a wildfire\u003c/a> from igniting a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zones are established by a set of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917374/map-see-if-you-live-in-a-high-risk-fire-zone-and-what-that-means\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2008 Cal Fire maps\u003c/a> that outline wildfire risk by considering vegetation, fire history and slope. Sonoma County’s zones are based exactly on those maps, while the city of Santa Rosa had extended the stricter requirements somewhat beyond what was on the state maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 2,000 buildings destroyed in the Tubbs fire in Santa Rosa and Sonoma County weren’t mapped in those zones and won’t be required to use fire-resistant materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have an extra set of rules or requirements that we put on people to rebuild,” says David Guhin, Santa Rosa’s director of planning and economic development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guhin says Santa Rosa would be on shaky legal ground if it imposed new wildfire building codes on structures that weren’t required to meet them when they were destroyed. But since most of the homes were built decades ago, before most modern building codes, he says even the basic code upgrades they’ll undergo will help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1917314\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/FireHazard_V02_171024.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"801\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire maps based on 2007 assessment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The housing stock that’s going in is much more resilient than the previous house stock,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, many believe Cal Fire’s maps are outdated, since they don’t reflect the extreme nature of today’s fires. The maps assumed fairly benign weather conditions, just 12 mph for “mid-flame” wind speed, the height that affects fire behavior. During the Tubbs Fire, gusts hit almost 80 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire is in the process of updating the fire hazard maps using more realistic data, including localized information and historic fire conditions. A draft of the maps is expected sometime next year. The new maps could put many homes into a fire hazard zone that aren’t in one today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several North Bay officials say the community can’t wait for that to be sorted out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I take solace in that the existing code is significantly better than what was there before,” Tennis Wick, who heads Sonoma County’s Permit and Resource Management Department. “I’m not going to let the perfect be the enemy of the good. This community needs to rebuild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wick says many homeowners are choosing fire-resistant materials anyway, such as cement-laden siding and metal roofs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Giving Home Owners Choices\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some fire victims have opted to pull up stakes after living through the fire’s emotional trauma or due to steep rebuilding costs. In the hilly Fountaingrove neighborhood of Santa Rosa, for-sale signs sprout from empty lots among the construction sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other homeowners are tied to their property, either restricted by insurance policies that prescribe where they can rebuild, or simply priced out of other Bay Area homes. And that concerns Santa Rosa City Council member Julie Combs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know I’ve heard stories about flooding along the Mississippi and thought, ‘Why did they keep rebuilding there?’” notes Combs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m all for having property owners have choice,” she adds. “And right now, we aren’t really giving them a choice to not build on the land they’re tied to in a high-fire-hazard area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”6J0nVgqZyLvs7R2iqgz1ZfZkLrWF3g14”]Combs says she’s interested in programs like those that already exist for flooded homes, where governments or neighbors can buy out inundated properties so they won’t be re-developed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s not confident that today’s wildfire building codes are enough to protect people. The codes are meant to reduce risk, but don’t eliminate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the Tubbs fire footprint in Santa Rosa, 22 homes were built with the most recent wildfire codes before the fire. Twenty-one of them burned anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t strike me as particularly good odds,” says Combs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Struggle Over New Housing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners considering not rebuilding face another hurdle: there are few other places to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Santa Rosa, the Tubbs fire obliterated five percent of the city’s housing stock, exacerbating an already brutal housing market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the fire, the city estimated it needed 5,000 more housing units. The fire added 3,000 more to that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to walk and chew gum at the same time,” Guhin says. “We’re going to rebuild our community as fast and quickly and as efficiently as we possibly can, but we also have to build new homes as fast as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932396\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 237-unit Round Barn Hill Project is proposed for an area burned in the Tubbs fire. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa is pushing for more “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917302/bay-area-sprawl-has-put-homes-in-the-path-of-fires-what-now\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in-fill development\u003c/a>,” putting housing downtown and closer to public transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made that a priority this year,” he says. “We put a number of polices in place such as expedited permit processing, reducing the impact fees substantially for housing in the downtown core.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there has long been pressure to build in the surrounding hills, where the wildfire risk is highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Development of single-family homes on the outskirts of town will happen on its own,” Guhin says. “There is a market for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the Santa Rosa City Council faced down that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based City Ventures asked for a zoning change to allow its Round Barn Village project to go forward. The 237-unit townhome development is proposed for a hillside that burned in the Tubbs fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Ventures made the case that the homes would be built using wildfire standards and would provide much needed affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely need the housing,” said council member John Sawyer at the meeting. “And lots of mistakes were made in the past with saying no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doubts hounded at least one council member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are setting a precedent to build more new housing in a fire hazard area when we vote today,” warned Combs at the meeting. “I just think we need to not put more sleeping people in a fire hazard area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rezoning passed 6-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really sorry to be a lone vote,” says Combs. “It becomes very difficult to explain why we would approve that and not approve more. And I have real concerns that more is coming. We don’t need sprawl. We need to be building up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County is also facing pressure to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I met with a resort that burned twice, once in the Hanley fire and a second time in the Tubbs,” Wick says. “New people came to see me about building a third one. And I told them I just could not support the project. There’s an enormous pressure on us to be approving resorts in remote areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In communities still in shock from the fires, these fraught decisions won’t come easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that in a disaster, there’s such a strong emotional pull to get what you lost back,” says Combs. “I think that’s a powerful pull.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One year after devastating fires, the North Bay is grappling with how and where to rebuild.",
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"title": "Should Californians Be Rebuilding Homes in a Fire Zone? | KQED",
"description": "One year after devastating fires, the North Bay is grappling with how and where to rebuild.",
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"headline": "Should Californians Be Rebuilding Homes in a Fire Zone?",
"datePublished": "2018-10-08T05:00:27-07:00",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A year ago, on a warm, windy night, Paul Lowenthal got the call; he was needed at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tubbs Fire, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/multimedia/7567543-181/santa-rosas-tubbs-fire-spread\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on its way\u003c/a> to becoming the most destructive blaze in California history, was spreading into Santa Rosa, and Lowenthal, the city’s assistant fire marshal, needed to get people out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was exploding at a rate that I would have never imagined,” he says. “I left in my work truck and uniform and thought: worst case scenario, I’ll be back tomorrow morning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘In a disaster, there’s such a strong emotional pull to get what you lost back.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Julie Combs, Santa Rosa City Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Later that night, he drove past his own neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You couldn’t actually make out individual homes in here,” he says. “It just looked like an entire wall of fire. And then realized right away my house is gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked the next five days on just a few hours of sleep, until finally, he stopped to take stock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then realized I have nothing,” he says. “Literally had nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picking Up the Pieces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fueled by extreme winds, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma County’s Tubbs fire\u003c/a> killed 22 people and destroyed more than 5,000 homes and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the community has banded together to pick up the pieces. But it’s also been grappling with a tough question — one that faces fire-ravaged communities around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire is a normal part of the California landscape. So, how — and where — should residents rebuild to protect themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932391\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932391\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-1200x676.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-960x541.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/lownethal-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nearly a year after the Tubbs Fire, Paul Lowenthal’s Larkfield rebuild was finally nearing completion — this time with more fire-resistant materials. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of Sonoma residents have opted to stay put, both financially and emotionally tied to their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowenthal is one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do I think those areas will burn again?” he says. “Absolutely. It’s done it before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It happened 54 years ago, when the Hanly Fire burned almost exactly same area. But since then, Santa Rosa’s population has grown by nearly six times, and Lowenthal was keenly aware of this latest fire’s effect on an already-tight housing market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made a decision that it made more sense to rebuild here,” he says. His daughter was also a big part of that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Could I have convinced her that we could live in a really cool place somewhere else?” he says. “Maybe. But this was our home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the hills above Santa Rosa, wooden frames of houses are rising among the blackened trees. Many of the rebuilt homes will include new fire-resistant building materials, something few had when the fire swept through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, because of California’s decade-old zoning rules, almost 2,000 of the destroyed structures will not be required to meet building standards for wildfire-prone areas. Some homeowners are taking it on themselves to meet them anyway, dipping into their insurance payouts to cover the cost. Others are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, given the region’s severe housing shortage even before last year’s firestorm, city and county governments are under pressure to build new housing in areas at risk for wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people are trying to heal and recover, local leaders have been faced with balancing those delicate issues. With climate change making California’s fires more extreme, their decisions will affect lives for decades to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/rebuild2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tubbs Fire swept away about 5 percent of Santa Rosa’s housing stock. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildland Building Codes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after the fires, Lowenthal’s Larkfield home is finally taking shape, still a few weeks away from final inspection. This time, he says it will be better prepared to withstand fire, built with cement-fiber siding and other fire-resistant materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between the roof, the siding, things of that nature, it was definitely a step that I wanted to take,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lowenthal isn’t legally obligated to do any of that, as his home was outside the area subject to California’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/downloads/ICC_2009_Ch7A_2007_rev_1Jan09_Supplement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wildland-Urban Interface Codes\u003c/a>.” They include a broad range of standards for siding, roofs, decks, and windows, as well as requirements for gutters and attic vents that are meant to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917346/wildfires-can-attack-your-house-from-the-inside-heres-how-to-prevent-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prevent embers blown ahead of a wildfire\u003c/a> from igniting a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zones are established by a set of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917374/map-see-if-you-live-in-a-high-risk-fire-zone-and-what-that-means\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2008 Cal Fire maps\u003c/a> that outline wildfire risk by considering vegetation, fire history and slope. Sonoma County’s zones are based exactly on those maps, while the city of Santa Rosa had extended the stricter requirements somewhat beyond what was on the state maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 2,000 buildings destroyed in the Tubbs fire in Santa Rosa and Sonoma County weren’t mapped in those zones and won’t be required to use fire-resistant materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have an extra set of rules or requirements that we put on people to rebuild,” says David Guhin, Santa Rosa’s director of planning and economic development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guhin says Santa Rosa would be on shaky legal ground if it imposed new wildfire building codes on structures that weren’t required to meet them when they were destroyed. But since most of the homes were built decades ago, before most modern building codes, he says even the basic code upgrades they’ll undergo will help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1917314\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/FireHazard_V02_171024.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"801\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire maps based on 2007 assessment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The housing stock that’s going in is much more resilient than the previous house stock,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, many believe Cal Fire’s maps are outdated, since they don’t reflect the extreme nature of today’s fires. The maps assumed fairly benign weather conditions, just 12 mph for “mid-flame” wind speed, the height that affects fire behavior. During the Tubbs Fire, gusts hit almost 80 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire is in the process of updating the fire hazard maps using more realistic data, including localized information and historic fire conditions. A draft of the maps is expected sometime next year. The new maps could put many homes into a fire hazard zone that aren’t in one today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several North Bay officials say the community can’t wait for that to be sorted out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I take solace in that the existing code is significantly better than what was there before,” Tennis Wick, who heads Sonoma County’s Permit and Resource Management Department. “I’m not going to let the perfect be the enemy of the good. This community needs to rebuild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wick says many homeowners are choosing fire-resistant materials anyway, such as cement-laden siding and metal roofs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Giving Home Owners Choices\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some fire victims have opted to pull up stakes after living through the fire’s emotional trauma or due to steep rebuilding costs. In the hilly Fountaingrove neighborhood of Santa Rosa, for-sale signs sprout from empty lots among the construction sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other homeowners are tied to their property, either restricted by insurance policies that prescribe where they can rebuild, or simply priced out of other Bay Area homes. And that concerns Santa Rosa City Council member Julie Combs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know I’ve heard stories about flooding along the Mississippi and thought, ‘Why did they keep rebuilding there?’” notes Combs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m all for having property owners have choice,” she adds. “And right now, we aren’t really giving them a choice to not build on the land they’re tied to in a high-fire-hazard area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Combs says she’s interested in programs like those that already exist for flooded homes, where governments or neighbors can buy out inundated properties so they won’t be re-developed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s not confident that today’s wildfire building codes are enough to protect people. The codes are meant to reduce risk, but don’t eliminate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the Tubbs fire footprint in Santa Rosa, 22 homes were built with the most recent wildfire codes before the fire. Twenty-one of them burned anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t strike me as particularly good odds,” says Combs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Struggle Over New Housing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners considering not rebuilding face another hurdle: there are few other places to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Santa Rosa, the Tubbs fire obliterated five percent of the city’s housing stock, exacerbating an already brutal housing market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the fire, the city estimated it needed 5,000 more housing units. The fire added 3,000 more to that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to walk and chew gum at the same time,” Guhin says. “We’re going to rebuild our community as fast and quickly and as efficiently as we possibly can, but we also have to build new homes as fast as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932396\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/roundbarn-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 237-unit Round Barn Hill Project is proposed for an area burned in the Tubbs fire. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa is pushing for more “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917302/bay-area-sprawl-has-put-homes-in-the-path-of-fires-what-now\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in-fill development\u003c/a>,” putting housing downtown and closer to public transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made that a priority this year,” he says. “We put a number of polices in place such as expedited permit processing, reducing the impact fees substantially for housing in the downtown core.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there has long been pressure to build in the surrounding hills, where the wildfire risk is highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Development of single-family homes on the outskirts of town will happen on its own,” Guhin says. “There is a market for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the Santa Rosa City Council faced down that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based City Ventures asked for a zoning change to allow its Round Barn Village project to go forward. The 237-unit townhome development is proposed for a hillside that burned in the Tubbs fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Ventures made the case that the homes would be built using wildfire standards and would provide much needed affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely need the housing,” said council member John Sawyer at the meeting. “And lots of mistakes were made in the past with saying no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doubts hounded at least one council member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are setting a precedent to build more new housing in a fire hazard area when we vote today,” warned Combs at the meeting. “I just think we need to not put more sleeping people in a fire hazard area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rezoning passed 6-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really sorry to be a lone vote,” says Combs. “It becomes very difficult to explain why we would approve that and not approve more. And I have real concerns that more is coming. We don’t need sprawl. We need to be building up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County is also facing pressure to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I met with a resort that burned twice, once in the Hanley fire and a second time in the Tubbs,” Wick says. “New people came to see me about building a third one. And I told them I just could not support the project. There’s an enormous pressure on us to be approving resorts in remote areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In communities still in shock from the fires, these fraught decisions won’t come easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that in a disaster, there’s such a strong emotional pull to get what you lost back,” says Combs. “I think that’s a powerful pull.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming",
"headTitle": "No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Ramping up wind power in America could also dial up the nation’s temperatures in the neighborhood of the wind farms, a new study out of Harvard found.[contextly_sidebar id=”JSXad718EhNubOe4ETT84QWtwbUWEEHj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wind energy is widely celebrated as environmentally friendly, the researchers concluded that a dramatic, all-out expansion in the number of turbines could warm the country even more than climate change from burning coal and other fossil fuels, because of the way the spinning blades disturb the layers of warm and cold air in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parts of the central United States are already seeing nights that are up to 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) warmer because of nearby wind farms, said study lead author Lee Miller, an environmental scientist at Harvard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any big energy system has an environmental impact,” said Harvard engineering and physics professor David Keith, a study co-author. “There is no free lunch. You do wind on a scale big enough … it’ll change things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers and other scientists stressed that climate change from greenhouse gas emissions is clearly a far bigger threat globally and over the long term than turbine-caused warming, which is temporary and stops when the blades aren’t turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the potential drawbacks, wind energy still makes more sense for the environment than fossil fuels, Keith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just that advocates of wind power have been ignoring growing evidence of a downside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Harvard study, published Thursday in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/home\">Joule\u003c/a> , found that in the unlikely event that the U.S. switched massively to wind to supply nearly all of its electricity, there would be so many turbines that on average the nation’s temperature would go up about 0.4 degrees (0.2 Celsius). Some central areas would see localized warming around 2.5 degrees (1.4 Celsius), though there would also be some cooling in places, such as the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://eerscmap.usgs.gov/uswtdb/\">wind\u003c/a> provides 6.3 percent of the nation’s electricity, according to the American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which looked at just the United States, said that the turbines would cause more warming in the short term this century than the carbon dioxide America spews into the atmosphere would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for this \u003ca href=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/292029786\">effect\u003c/a> : Normally the air is more still at night, with cold air staying near the surface and warmer air resting a little higher. But turbines bring the warm air down and cool air up, making the ground a bit toastier. The effect is seen less during the day but is still there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the effect from turbines is different from human-caused climate change. It mostly consists of warming, it’s local, and it’s temporary. When the turbines are still because the air is calm, there’s no warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, in contrast, is a global effect that involves many more elements than temperature, such as sea level rise, extreme weather, melting glaciers and shifts in the jet stream. Even if a country stopped emitting greenhouse gases, it would still experience climate change if the rest of the world kept on polluting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past studies have observed a temporary nighttime warming of as much as 2 degrees (1.1 Celsius) in places with lots of wind turbines, such as North Texas. The Harvard study took observations and used computer simulation to project what a dramatic increase in turbines would look like for temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other technologies considered environmentally friendly have their downsides, too. Nuclear energy has no carbon dioxide emissions, but there are concerns about waste, safety and cost. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/7250a40e0b1e49a5988ef31259728ef0\">ethanol\u003c/a> boom has wiped out habitats, led farmers to plow over prairies, caused water pollution and raised food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind advocates emphasized that the Harvard study doesn’t show turbines causing global warming, just local heating.[contextly_sidebar id=”RIpsqIWy32bftHiHFliFPosDIJqCydsK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the paper instead looked across the global and long-lasting timescales that matter, renewable resources would fare hundreds of times if not infinitely better than fossil resources,” Michael Goggin, vice president of Grid Strategies and a former researcher for a wind energy group, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Caldeira, a climate scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science who wasn’t part of the research, said the study is sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate effect of burning fossil fuels is cumulative,” Caldeira said in an email. “The longer you run a coal plant, the worse the climate change gets. In contrast, the climate effect of wind turbines is what it is. You build the wind turbine. Climate is affected. But as long as you run the wind turbine, the climate change doesn’t get any worse. So in the long run, as far as the climate is concerned, wind turbines are obviously better than fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new study out of Harvard finds that ramping up wind power in America would also dial up the nation’s temperatures.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ramping up wind power in America could also dial up the nation’s temperatures in the neighborhood of the wind farms, a new study out of Harvard found.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wind energy is widely celebrated as environmentally friendly, the researchers concluded that a dramatic, all-out expansion in the number of turbines could warm the country even more than climate change from burning coal and other fossil fuels, because of the way the spinning blades disturb the layers of warm and cold air in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parts of the central United States are already seeing nights that are up to 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) warmer because of nearby wind farms, said study lead author Lee Miller, an environmental scientist at Harvard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any big energy system has an environmental impact,” said Harvard engineering and physics professor David Keith, a study co-author. “There is no free lunch. You do wind on a scale big enough … it’ll change things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers and other scientists stressed that climate change from greenhouse gas emissions is clearly a far bigger threat globally and over the long term than turbine-caused warming, which is temporary and stops when the blades aren’t turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the potential drawbacks, wind energy still makes more sense for the environment than fossil fuels, Keith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just that advocates of wind power have been ignoring growing evidence of a downside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Harvard study, published Thursday in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/home\">Joule\u003c/a> , found that in the unlikely event that the U.S. switched massively to wind to supply nearly all of its electricity, there would be so many turbines that on average the nation’s temperature would go up about 0.4 degrees (0.2 Celsius). Some central areas would see localized warming around 2.5 degrees (1.4 Celsius), though there would also be some cooling in places, such as the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://eerscmap.usgs.gov/uswtdb/\">wind\u003c/a> provides 6.3 percent of the nation’s electricity, according to the American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which looked at just the United States, said that the turbines would cause more warming in the short term this century than the carbon dioxide America spews into the atmosphere would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for this \u003ca href=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/292029786\">effect\u003c/a> : Normally the air is more still at night, with cold air staying near the surface and warmer air resting a little higher. But turbines bring the warm air down and cool air up, making the ground a bit toastier. The effect is seen less during the day but is still there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the effect from turbines is different from human-caused climate change. It mostly consists of warming, it’s local, and it’s temporary. When the turbines are still because the air is calm, there’s no warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, in contrast, is a global effect that involves many more elements than temperature, such as sea level rise, extreme weather, melting glaciers and shifts in the jet stream. Even if a country stopped emitting greenhouse gases, it would still experience climate change if the rest of the world kept on polluting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past studies have observed a temporary nighttime warming of as much as 2 degrees (1.1 Celsius) in places with lots of wind turbines, such as North Texas. The Harvard study took observations and used computer simulation to project what a dramatic increase in turbines would look like for temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other technologies considered environmentally friendly have their downsides, too. Nuclear energy has no carbon dioxide emissions, but there are concerns about waste, safety and cost. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/7250a40e0b1e49a5988ef31259728ef0\">ethanol\u003c/a> boom has wiped out habitats, led farmers to plow over prairies, caused water pollution and raised food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind advocates emphasized that the Harvard study doesn’t show turbines causing global warming, just local heating.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the paper instead looked across the global and long-lasting timescales that matter, renewable resources would fare hundreds of times if not infinitely better than fossil resources,” Michael Goggin, vice president of Grid Strategies and a former researcher for a wind energy group, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Caldeira, a climate scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science who wasn’t part of the research, said the study is sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate effect of burning fossil fuels is cumulative,” Caldeira said in an email. “The longer you run a coal plant, the worse the climate change gets. In contrast, the climate effect of wind turbines is what it is. You build the wind turbine. Climate is affected. But as long as you run the wind turbine, the climate change doesn’t get any worse. So in the long run, as far as the climate is concerned, wind turbines are obviously better than fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Electric cars have been on the market for some time now but surveys \u003ca href=\"https://its.ucdavis.edu/blog-post/automakers-policymakers-on-path-to-electric-vehicles-consumers-are-not/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">show \u003c/a>that even in California adoption has been slow. [contextly_sidebar id=”0J8xbcxPSEu7AMKljxWfepnYbThFPYZw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new initiative called \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/vision-and-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Veloz\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> however, hopes to change that with a multimillion dollar public awareness campaign announced Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auto giants are teaming up with California officials and local power utilities to launch the nonprofit, whose mission is to accelerate the mass adoption of electric vehicles in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently California has about 350,000 electric vehicles on its roads, \u003ca href=\"http://evadoption.com/california-evs-by-the-numbers-20-statistics-that-might-surprise-you/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers\u003c/a>. While the rate of electric vehicle adoption significantly outpaces other states, California still has far to go to reach Gov. Brown’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/01/26/governor-brown-takes-action-to-increase-zero-emission-vehicles-fund-new-climate-investments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> mandated goal of 5 million\u003c/a> zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Veloz membership includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/unlikely-alliance-joins-forces-to-keep-california-in-the-lead-of-the-electric-car-race/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">35-plus organizations, all with a stake in \u003c/a>the transportation sector, including General Motors, Southern California Edison and the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing the effects of climate change in California here today,” Ron Nichols, president of Southern California Edison, said during Wednesday’s press call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen droughts and wildfires intensifying, and that’s one of the many reasons that electrifying transport, we believe, is imperative to addressing the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veloz’ mission is to “create a movement,” says Executive Director Josh Boone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest impediment to electrifying transportation has been the lag between public perception and the pace of developments, according to Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly the lack of awareness is a critical hurdle that we have had to overcome early on, despite . . . costs coming down, number of models increasing, number of charging stations out there,” she said on Wednesday. “We have to show the public that these things are available.”[contextly_sidebar id=”IlVv5PQiM87vHgKBGKYIJtVuG6Hhp3iX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols described the campaign as the “largest multistake holder, multimillion-dollar campaign” for electric vehicles in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group has a nearly $4 million budget, with half that amount coming from Electrify America, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/vw-electrify-america-first-ad-campaign-jetstones/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a public awareness\u003c/a> initiative launched by Volkswagen as part of a legal settlement related to cheating on emissions tests for its diesel vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s first set of ads, dubbed “opposites attract,” will feature a cheeky take from “unusual spokespeople” promoting electric cars, according to Boone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new initiative follows a similar campaign launched in May in multiple states on the east coast dubbed \u003ca href=\"https://driveelectricus.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Drive Change. Drive Electric.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veloz plans on raising additional funds for future campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Electric cars have been on the market for some time now but surveys \u003ca href=\"https://its.ucdavis.edu/blog-post/automakers-policymakers-on-path-to-electric-vehicles-consumers-are-not/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">show \u003c/a>that even in California adoption has been slow. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new initiative called \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/vision-and-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Veloz\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> however, hopes to change that with a multimillion dollar public awareness campaign announced Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auto giants are teaming up with California officials and local power utilities to launch the nonprofit, whose mission is to accelerate the mass adoption of electric vehicles in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently California has about 350,000 electric vehicles on its roads, \u003ca href=\"http://evadoption.com/california-evs-by-the-numbers-20-statistics-that-might-surprise-you/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers\u003c/a>. While the rate of electric vehicle adoption significantly outpaces other states, California still has far to go to reach Gov. Brown’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/01/26/governor-brown-takes-action-to-increase-zero-emission-vehicles-fund-new-climate-investments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> mandated goal of 5 million\u003c/a> zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Veloz membership includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/unlikely-alliance-joins-forces-to-keep-california-in-the-lead-of-the-electric-car-race/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">35-plus organizations, all with a stake in \u003c/a>the transportation sector, including General Motors, Southern California Edison and the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing the effects of climate change in California here today,” Ron Nichols, president of Southern California Edison, said during Wednesday’s press call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen droughts and wildfires intensifying, and that’s one of the many reasons that electrifying transport, we believe, is imperative to addressing the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veloz’ mission is to “create a movement,” says Executive Director Josh Boone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest impediment to electrifying transportation has been the lag between public perception and the pace of developments, according to Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly the lack of awareness is a critical hurdle that we have had to overcome early on, despite . . . costs coming down, number of models increasing, number of charging stations out there,” she said on Wednesday. “We have to show the public that these things are available.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols described the campaign as the “largest multistake holder, multimillion-dollar campaign” for electric vehicles in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group has a nearly $4 million budget, with half that amount coming from Electrify America, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/vw-electrify-america-first-ad-campaign-jetstones/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a public awareness\u003c/a> initiative launched by Volkswagen as part of a legal settlement related to cheating on emissions tests for its diesel vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s first set of ads, dubbed “opposites attract,” will feature a cheeky take from “unusual spokespeople” promoting electric cars, according to Boone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new initiative follows a similar campaign launched in May in multiple states on the east coast dubbed \u003ca href=\"https://driveelectricus.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Drive Change. Drive Electric.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veloz plans on raising additional funds for future campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In Poor Neighborhoods, Add Rising Seas to List of Housing Woes",
"headTitle": "In Poor Neighborhoods, Add Rising Seas to List of Housing Woes | KQED",
"content": "\u003ch4>Housing is already a major issue for the Bay Area’s economically vulnerable. Now, the rising sea level is compounding worries about environmental contamination and housing scarcity.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Along the San Rafael canal in Marin County, yacht clubs catering to the well-to-do stand cheek by jowl with working-class housing. On the canal’s south side, a squat, crowded apartment complex juts out, a mini-peninsula surrounded on three sides by blue water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little more than a creaky wooden deck and some thin walls stand between these renters and a bay already swollen with tides and storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise is changing Bay Area shorelines, and the focus of planning discussions on mitigating the effects suggests most communities in the water’s way have time to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it doesn’t always feel that way in East Oakland or West Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Bay Area’s most economically vulnerable residents, many of whom are people of color, sea level rise is a threat multiplier, worsening existing concerns about environmental contamination and housing scarcity.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It is going to affect me a lot, 100 percent. Because if I already work seven days to survive, I don’t know what I’m going to do.’\u003ccite>Maria Sanchez, resident of east San Rafael\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to sea level rise, our first concern is: Are we even going to be here?” says Marquita Price, a community organizer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastoaklandcollective.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Oakland Collective\u003c/a>, which focuses on underserved communities. Rising rent, she says, is a tide rolling through her neighborhood faster than the bay’s waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But among her friends and neighbors in historically black East Oakland, Price says, disastrous events have increased awareness of the risks posed by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were to ask somebody about sea level rise and climate change before Texas, before New York, it would not have been on the radar,” Price says, referring to the damage from hurricanes Harvey and Sandy. “Now they might have a different answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Workforce Housing Threatened in Marin\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are almost indefensible conditions there, and they need a new way of thinking about it,” says Marcel Wilson, referring to the apartment complex precariously close to the San Rafael Canal. Wilson’s a founder of San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/bionic-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bionic\u003c/a>, a landscape architecture and urban planning firm. He led a team focused on the canal neighborhood for the recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/resilient-by-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient By Design competition\u003c/a>, an effort to develop strategies against sea level rise, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932157\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 648px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1932157\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-768x513.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-1200x801.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-1180x788.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-960x641.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ellen Plane, left, a grad student at UC Berkeley, and Kristina Hill, associate professor at UC Berkeley of Landscape Architecture & Environmental Planning and Urban Design, at the Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline in Oakland, Calif. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wilson’s team of urban designers suggests pulling back from the mudflats, relying less on the pump-and-levee infrastructure that secures east Marin, and putting taller buildings on higher ground. The Bionic\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/elevate-san-rafael/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> design\u003c/a> promotes “multiple lines of defense,” meaning as waters rise, people could retreat behind layers of protection, including an elevated Bay Trail, earthen levees, raised roads and an improved drainage system. That strategy would protect the neighborhood community center, among other structures; if waters rose further, a sports field could serve as a retention pond to control flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s a huge project, and neither money nor a plan currently exists to implement this kind of redesign. “It would be very expensive to build something or improve something this big in the community to protect the families from sea level rise,” says Douglas Mundo, the co-director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.shoreupmarin.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shore Up Marin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In east San Rafael, where individual incomes average one-third of Marin County’s, intermittent flooding already threatens cars parked on the street, preventing residents like Juan Antonio Morales from going to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales doesn’t want to move. He has lived in Marin County for 30 years. His children play here; he’s close to his neighbors. Besides, he says, he can’t imagine where else he could afford to keep a roof over his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a complicated policy equation,” says Sarah Moos Thomson, a project manager for the Bionic team. “It’s going to take the partnership of the residents of the city or the state to design a new process for enabling them to stay and to remain. But we think there’s hope there, not just false hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moos Thompson met with people like Maria Sanchez, who worries about getting stuck in housing already at risk for flooding. A single mother, she works seven days a week as a cleaner. There’s no time for going to public meetings or lobbying local officials for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez is scared rising seas will eliminate affordable housing and price her out of the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is going to affect me a lot, 100 percent,” Sanchez says. “Because if I already work seven days to survive, I don’t know what I’m going to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hadn’t thought of Plan B.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Underground Contamination in Oakland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellow gumplant and white clover bloom along the Martin Luther King Shoreline, not far from the Oakland Coliseum. It’s beautiful, but underneath and across East Oakland, like the bay, groundwater is rising. As it does, it carries industrial pollution up through soil and mud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t pump and just build walls to keep it out,” says UC Berkeley professor and urban ecologist Kristina Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932160\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932160 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Sanchez, a 16-year resident of San Rafael, California. She lives close to the San Rafael canal and is worried about sea level rise. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hill and graduate student Ellen Plane have used groundwater wells to map the rising toxic plumes under the surface of the city and the shoreline. Contamination in soil and groundwater won’t be stopped by a wall, they point out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Oakland Collective’s Marquita Price says she values this research, and the work of Janette Kim, a California College of the Arts architectural designer who helped design a sea level rise adaptation game for community engagement. Hill, Kim and their students are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-all-bay-collective/\">All Bay Collective\u003c/a>, a Resilient By Design team proposing a project called the Estuary Commons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Price remains skeptical of efforts to adapt to climate change along the East Bay’s shoreline. She questions whether the big international teams did enough to incorporate local perspectives in the design process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t have … one black designer on the design team for East Oakland,” she says. As for the competition itself, she says, “We feel that it’s very unnecessary. It feels completely like a fun thing for people with money to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blue-Sky Solutions for Intersecting Problems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley professor Kristina Hill says she understands Price’s objections. But she wants to encourage the public, officials, and agencies to think big to address the intersecting challenges presented by the combination of toxic water, rising seas and scarce housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill advocates for digging out and treating contaminated soil, then using it to shape a ring of marsh and tidal lands between Oakland and Alameda. People could then live on the land, which would be managed and owned by a community land trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of why I recommend that we live with the water is that we would see the world around us changing,” Hill says. “If you don’t see it you really don’t get it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her ideas for the Resilient by Design project, \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/estuary-commons/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Estuary Commons\u003c/a>, are beyond ambitious. They would require unprecedented cooperation among multiple layers of government, significant financial investment, and a collective re-imagination of property rights, financial risk and the shape and purpose of the shoreline itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But none of that dissuades Hill, who points out that we’ve changed the bay before, moving creeks that feed it, or building out shorelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And there’s no reason we shouldn’t keep changing things,” she says. “Just, we need to do it in a way that we learn from our past mistakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill says those mistakes involved ignoring the connection between communities and land, and pushing water away from the shore. Around the Bay Area, Hill says, building a better relationship with rising water isn’t optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither is addressing problems lingering in our communities, on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our survival,” Hill says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Sea level rise is changing Bay Area shorelines, and for the region's most economically vulnerable residents, it's just one more thing to worry about when it comes to housing.",
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"description": "Sea level rise is changing Bay Area shorelines, and for the region's most economically vulnerable residents, it's just one more thing to worry about when it comes to housing.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch4>Housing is already a major issue for the Bay Area’s economically vulnerable. Now, the rising sea level is compounding worries about environmental contamination and housing scarcity.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Along the San Rafael canal in Marin County, yacht clubs catering to the well-to-do stand cheek by jowl with working-class housing. On the canal’s south side, a squat, crowded apartment complex juts out, a mini-peninsula surrounded on three sides by blue water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little more than a creaky wooden deck and some thin walls stand between these renters and a bay already swollen with tides and storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise is changing Bay Area shorelines, and the focus of planning discussions on mitigating the effects suggests most communities in the water’s way have time to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it doesn’t always feel that way in East Oakland or West Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Bay Area’s most economically vulnerable residents, many of whom are people of color, sea level rise is a threat multiplier, worsening existing concerns about environmental contamination and housing scarcity.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It is going to affect me a lot, 100 percent. Because if I already work seven days to survive, I don’t know what I’m going to do.’\u003ccite>Maria Sanchez, resident of east San Rafael\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to sea level rise, our first concern is: Are we even going to be here?” says Marquita Price, a community organizer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastoaklandcollective.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Oakland Collective\u003c/a>, which focuses on underserved communities. Rising rent, she says, is a tide rolling through her neighborhood faster than the bay’s waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But among her friends and neighbors in historically black East Oakland, Price says, disastrous events have increased awareness of the risks posed by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were to ask somebody about sea level rise and climate change before Texas, before New York, it would not have been on the radar,” Price says, referring to the damage from hurricanes Harvey and Sandy. “Now they might have a different answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Workforce Housing Threatened in Marin\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are almost indefensible conditions there, and they need a new way of thinking about it,” says Marcel Wilson, referring to the apartment complex precariously close to the San Rafael Canal. Wilson’s a founder of San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/bionic-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bionic\u003c/a>, a landscape architecture and urban planning firm. He led a team focused on the canal neighborhood for the recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/resilient-by-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient By Design competition\u003c/a>, an effort to develop strategies against sea level rise, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932157\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 648px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1932157\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-768x513.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-1200x801.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-1180x788.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-960x641.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevelrise-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ellen Plane, left, a grad student at UC Berkeley, and Kristina Hill, associate professor at UC Berkeley of Landscape Architecture & Environmental Planning and Urban Design, at the Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline in Oakland, Calif. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wilson’s team of urban designers suggests pulling back from the mudflats, relying less on the pump-and-levee infrastructure that secures east Marin, and putting taller buildings on higher ground. The Bionic\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/elevate-san-rafael/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> design\u003c/a> promotes “multiple lines of defense,” meaning as waters rise, people could retreat behind layers of protection, including an elevated Bay Trail, earthen levees, raised roads and an improved drainage system. That strategy would protect the neighborhood community center, among other structures; if waters rose further, a sports field could serve as a retention pond to control flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s a huge project, and neither money nor a plan currently exists to implement this kind of redesign. “It would be very expensive to build something or improve something this big in the community to protect the families from sea level rise,” says Douglas Mundo, the co-director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.shoreupmarin.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shore Up Marin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In east San Rafael, where individual incomes average one-third of Marin County’s, intermittent flooding already threatens cars parked on the street, preventing residents like Juan Antonio Morales from going to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales doesn’t want to move. He has lived in Marin County for 30 years. His children play here; he’s close to his neighbors. Besides, he says, he can’t imagine where else he could afford to keep a roof over his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a complicated policy equation,” says Sarah Moos Thomson, a project manager for the Bionic team. “It’s going to take the partnership of the residents of the city or the state to design a new process for enabling them to stay and to remain. But we think there’s hope there, not just false hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moos Thompson met with people like Maria Sanchez, who worries about getting stuck in housing already at risk for flooding. A single mother, she works seven days a week as a cleaner. There’s no time for going to public meetings or lobbying local officials for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez is scared rising seas will eliminate affordable housing and price her out of the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is going to affect me a lot, 100 percent,” Sanchez says. “Because if I already work seven days to survive, I don’t know what I’m going to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hadn’t thought of Plan B.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Underground Contamination in Oakland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellow gumplant and white clover bloom along the Martin Luther King Shoreline, not far from the Oakland Coliseum. It’s beautiful, but underneath and across East Oakland, like the bay, groundwater is rising. As it does, it carries industrial pollution up through soil and mud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t pump and just build walls to keep it out,” says UC Berkeley professor and urban ecologist Kristina Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932160\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932160 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel3-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Sanchez, a 16-year resident of San Rafael, California. She lives close to the San Rafael canal and is worried about sea level rise. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hill and graduate student Ellen Plane have used groundwater wells to map the rising toxic plumes under the surface of the city and the shoreline. Contamination in soil and groundwater won’t be stopped by a wall, they point out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Oakland Collective’s Marquita Price says she values this research, and the work of Janette Kim, a California College of the Arts architectural designer who helped design a sea level rise adaptation game for community engagement. Hill, Kim and their students are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-all-bay-collective/\">All Bay Collective\u003c/a>, a Resilient By Design team proposing a project called the Estuary Commons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Price remains skeptical of efforts to adapt to climate change along the East Bay’s shoreline. She questions whether the big international teams did enough to incorporate local perspectives in the design process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t have … one black designer on the design team for East Oakland,” she says. As for the competition itself, she says, “We feel that it’s very unnecessary. It feels completely like a fun thing for people with money to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blue-Sky Solutions for Intersecting Problems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley professor Kristina Hill says she understands Price’s objections. But she wants to encourage the public, officials, and agencies to think big to address the intersecting challenges presented by the combination of toxic water, rising seas and scarce housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill advocates for digging out and treating contaminated soil, then using it to shape a ring of marsh and tidal lands between Oakland and Alameda. People could then live on the land, which would be managed and owned by a community land trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of why I recommend that we live with the water is that we would see the world around us changing,” Hill says. “If you don’t see it you really don’t get it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her ideas for the Resilient by Design project, \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/estuary-commons/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Estuary Commons\u003c/a>, are beyond ambitious. They would require unprecedented cooperation among multiple layers of government, significant financial investment, and a collective re-imagination of property rights, financial risk and the shape and purpose of the shoreline itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But none of that dissuades Hill, who points out that we’ve changed the bay before, moving creeks that feed it, or building out shorelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And there’s no reason we shouldn’t keep changing things,” she says. “Just, we need to do it in a way that we learn from our past mistakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill says those mistakes involved ignoring the connection between communities and land, and pushing water away from the shore. Around the Bay Area, Hill says, building a better relationship with rising water isn’t optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither is addressing problems lingering in our communities, on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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}
},
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
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