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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>loyd Ware has survived a widow-maker heart attack, layoffs in the tech industry and living a few doors down from the Grateful Dead. But now he worries that heat—in San Francisco, of all places—is going to kill him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to exaggerate, but at times it seems all-encompassing, you can’t get away from it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I really do think that government potentially has a role in making sure buildings are safe. We make sure they’re not too cold. We ought to make sure they’re not too hot, too.’\u003ccite>Cyndy Comerford,\u003cbr>\nCity of San Jose\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ware, 67, is a wiry man and, for the record, he doesn’t exaggerate. Even during a foggy August, his room at Bayanihan House, south of Market Street, is consistently hotter than outside. When it was 63 degrees at San Francisco’s weather station, it was 81 degrees in his spotless, small space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Labor Day, San Francisco’s record-high temperatures drove him and other residents out onto the street and into the basement of Ware’s single room occupancy building, where large fans blow hot air around rather than cool it. Only leaving his room prevents him from falling seriously ill, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, we put small heat sensors in 31 homes in four counties: Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. The homes had no air conditioning, and the sensors took temperature readings for three weeks in July, August, or September. In every home, heat was stubborn. It stuck around even as the sun dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7Y5eRukY0fJ3RtoWZaUsxcPM1AIvSm0K”]And at night, when people’s bodies need to be able to cool off, all the homes we measured let go of heat slowly, staying hotter inside than it was outside—as much as 15 or 20 degrees hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is one of the top public health threats from climate change, according to the state of California. The illnesses and deaths that result from it are preventable. But where people spend the majority of their time, at home, no right to cooling is guaranteed. Public officials around the Bay Area are still figuring out how to warn people and how to respond to heat—both as an extreme event, and as an emerging health threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until they do, a divide is deepening between the cool haves and the hot have-nots.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>It’s About Where You Live\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">H\u003c/span>ousing is a huge expense that influences people’s health. In a heat wave, the most dangerous places can be inside of homes and apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, health officials have concluded that heat builds up significantly in some glassy high-rises and many older residential hotels. Our sensor measurements found that the single room occupancy buildings that once served gold prospectors and seamen stood out as consistently hotter than the weather outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside these buildings, climate-driven heat already threatens the health and finances of people most vulnerable to it: people like Floyd Ware. After three years in his one-room rental, Ware says his health has gotten worse. He keeps a plastic tub full of medications for his chronic lung disease on a shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lpCK4/4/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing with emphysema is, you can’t get the air out. If you can’t get the air all the way out, you can’t get the air in,” Ware says. “And the problem with the heat is, it restricts the lungs. So it has an appreciable effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ware’s doctors advised him not to wait when a sudden emphysema attack comes. Three times in two years, he’s placed an emergency call for an ambulance to Zuckerberg San Francisco General hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare pays most of it, but each time, Ware owes out-of-pocket costs. His social security income pays for his stay in the residential hotel; what’s left over pays for his food and medicine. As a result, Ware says, he has racked up $2,000 in debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how I’m going to pay ‘em,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio /> program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Heat - Preventing Illness and Death in the Home\" src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/10/PetersonHeatSolutions.mp3\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-452576530.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>There Is No Legal Right to Cooling\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In-home cooling can reduce the risk of heat illness, according to Linda Rudolph, an expert on health and climate change with the Oakland-based Public Health Institute (PHI). But just one out of every ten Bay Area homes has central air conditioning. Tenants we talked to said they either couldn’t afford to buy a portable AC or couldn’t afford to turn it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Poor people are less likely to have air conditioning,” Rudolph says. “Or they may not have the money to get their air conditioner fixed, or they may live in a rental apartment where the landlord doesn’t want to get it fixed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or it may be that window units only do so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 5:30 p.m. one August evening, it’s still over 90 degrees in Mario Rodriguez’s San Jose apartment—the first floor of a complex with few trees and a scrabbly lawn, along busy North Main street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez has low blood pressure and is on constant oxygen, for lung trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1933397\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1933397\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"One of the great regrets of working full time is not being able to do a committed series with you! \" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mario Rodriguez’ San Jose was 10 degrees hotter than outdoors, even when he turned on his window air conditioner. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When it gets hot I get kind of dizzy,” he says. “I get tired and I have to sit down for a few minutes. Or I start sweating and then I start fainting out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez bought a window air conditioner from a friend for $75, even though he knew it would raise his electric bill. The unit cost him an additional $75 when his rental manager required him to install it with plexiglass around it, rather than plywood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added the air conditioner during the period when we were measuring heat in his apartment. But even on days when he ran the it, indoor temperatures peaked at 10 degrees hotter than outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habitability, under federal and California law, requires only that water run freely, and that heating be available. New York and some Canadian cities have considered making in-home cooling a right. But in Sacramento, the idea of a tenant’s right to cooling has died a quick death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cyndy Comerford used to work for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, where she analyzed housing and heat. Now, she directs climate programs for the city of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really do think that government potentially has a role in making sure buildings are safe,” Comerford says. “We do that structurally. We make sure they’re not too cold. We ought to make sure they’re not too hot, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And keeping buildings cool isn’t only about air conditioning, as researchers and urban designers have concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How To Cool an Old Building\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">W\u003c/span>ell-designed neighborhoods once took the landscape into account, says Stephanie Pincetl, a sustainability researcher at UCLA. They had less concrete, and were cooled by breezes and natural shade, including from trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has amnesia about how to combat heat in cities, Pincetl says, having forgotten resilient city design when development boomed and ushered in cheap housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Older buildings are less well insulated,” she says. “Really, what we need to do is have much better buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pincetl argues the state could adopt building codes that promote passive cooling, and provide incentives for owners to harden buildings against heat. Landlords could improve insulation, add vegetation, and plant climbing vines to cool off old apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]Public health officials, epidemiologists and researchers like PHI’s Rudolph argue that health systems and environmental conditions are connected. They say California should plan not just for acute heat disaster, but for lasting change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means planting trees, promoting cool rooftops, and even investing in street surfaces that reflect heat away from the ground, Rudolph says, in order to reduce the maximum temperatures in neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because otherwise,” she says, “we essentially won’t be able to respond and adapt adequately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any of those ideas demand coordination among multiple county and local departments. Few laws require this work, and little funding supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These climate-related health problems—really no one else is going to pay attention to them,” says Rudolph. “But the local health departments frankly need help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘A Double Whammy’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">R\u003c/span>ose Basulto lives on a treeless street, a block from state Route 4. Almost every day during three weeks when we measured the temperature in her home, it was hotter inside than out. In her living room, the temperature peaked over 100 degrees, eight times in three weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 37-year old Basulto, heat made it hard to think – and move. At night, when it could be almost 80 degrees inside, she found it nearly impossible to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s like that again, I don’t think I can make it through another summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gtr1h/2/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat made her asthma worse. It exacerbates cardiovascular, respiratory and renal conditions, and places stress on people with diabetes and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the nighttime temperatures don’t go down, which is what’s increasingly happening with climate change,” says Rudolph, “it’s harder for them to get that kind of physiological rest period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basulto and other renters we talked with around the Bay Area say they’ve found few simple solutions to living in warm homes—other than to leave them. At least half a dozen people who described housing conditions they linked to health problems decided not to allow us to document heat in their homes, even anonymously, for fear of angering a landlord, or destabilizing a precarious housing situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona heat scientist David Hondula has noticed the same thing in his research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this undercurrent of a sense of being stuck with the conditions the way they are,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a couple of years, PG&E will implement “time-of-use” pricing, charging for electricity based on when demand peaks—which is late afternoon, as people return home from work and school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to our measurements inside homes, it’s exactly when indoor heat rises, soaring past outdoor temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time-of-use pricing will make cooling older homes cost more for people who already can’t afford it, according to Pincetl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so they’re going to get the double whammy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Warning People Is the First Step\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>cross the Bay Area, and across the state, the time and manner in which counties choose to warn people and respond to heat varies. Contra Costa County is working on an emergency response plan for heat. In 2015, its public health department concluded that excessive heat means temperatures above 85 degrees along the western bay side of the county, and above 96 on the east side. Last Labor Day, when heat killed 14 people around the bay, San Francisco declared a heat emergency; San Mateo County did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has studied its risk from warmer temperatures, and adopted an aggressive policy to send warning notices at 85 degrees. And the city is going even further, with hyperlocal training to help neighborhoods be ready for natural disasters. In a heat wave, the Neighborhood Empowerment Network would connect residents to each other, to prevent bad health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The network’s director, Daniel Homsey, drives among the nook and cranny communities on the south and east side of the city, parking us in Dolores Heights, a patch on the eastern slope of Twin Peaks that gets plenty of sunshine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco waives permit and street closure fees for 280 block parties, called Neighborfests, each year. Every Neighborfest spread, just like every city block of a city, has its own personality: in Dolores Heights, Beyonce and Madonna blare from speakers at one end of a block. At the other, kids play cornhole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1933400\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1933400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Fran Link was holding a garage sale one recent day when Daniel Homsey drove by, looking for emergency supplies. Homsey helps San Francisco neighborhoods organize to be resilient in disasters such as heat waves. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fran Link was holding a garage sale one recent day when Daniel Homsey drove by, looking for emergency supplies. Homsey helps San Francisco neighborhoods organize to be resilient in disasters such as heat waves. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On tables next to several grills, an array of salads – Greek, quinoa, green, and fruit – stands sentinel alongside burgers and hot dogs. Homsey points out a barbecue buffet isn’t too different from how a neighborhood might set up a feeding station in a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s secret mission with Neighborfest, isn’t just to get neighbors to swap salads; it’s to get people used to coming out of their homes to help each other. Neighborfest volunteers lead conversations that establish communal inventories—who’s got a cool basement or air conditioning, propane tanks or water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And neighbors themselves are building phone trees as a means to look out for each other, says Maria José González-Salido, a Dolores Heights block captain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like, I know they have children, I know someone else has an elderly person, they know I have my mom,” she says, nodding at different homes. “It’s a good community thing to have these parties and get to know everybody, right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making his way to another Neighborfest, Homsey pulls over to poke around a garage sale; he’s always on the lookout for disaster supplies, like coolers and chili pots, to donate to communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a hoarder in recovery,” he says, half-laughing, “and I’m using disaster preparedness to focus my investments better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 19th century, the nickname for this hilly patch of land on the southeastern side of San Francisco was Little Switzerland: it was a vacation spot, with plenty of cows, and little fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s about building on the traditional ethos of being a good neighbor, and caring for those around you.’\u003ccite>Daniel Homsey,\u003cbr>\nCity of San Francisco\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now it’s Glen Park, and its homeowners, including Fran Link, suffered last year for days in a row from heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not used to that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homsey asks Link if her home gets hot. Yes, Link answers; the turreted house faces south, and west, with big bay windows and no air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homsey tells her his aunt didn’t have AC, either. She lived nearby, and died in her home twenty years ago, during a heat event. Homsey’s father found his sister, several days later, on her bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather than make a decision that was rational, which is, ‘It’s really hot at my house, I’m going to downstairs where it’s cooler,'” Homsey says, “she’s like, ‘I’m really tired, I’m going to go lie in my bedroom.’ She lay down and she never got up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homsey often thinks of his aunt as he does this work. He says San Francisco’s program is helping strangers become neighbors. After Link talks to him at her garage sale, she heads over to the block party to hear a live band; later in the month, she goes to a neighborhood training about how to respond in a bleeding emergency. Meanwhile, Homsey is spreading the gospel of grilling and readiness by working with Santa Rosa and Oakland. They want Neighborfests too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s resilience, he says. “It’s about building on the traditional ethos of being a good neighbor, and caring for those around you, even if you don’t have an immediate relationship with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every heat death is preventable; it’s a core belief for Homsey and for public health experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But right now, few systems, laws, or policies require centralized preparedness against heat. Illness related to extreme high temperatures is poorly tracked and underreported. Cooling hot homes, and hot neighborhoods, isn’t easy. And little public funding helps pay for responding to climate-related health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the danger of heat grows, Californians are still pretty much on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Amel Ahmed contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Miguel Hernandez and Osvaldo Pedroza dropped off and picked up sensors for houses in southern California, and \u003c/em>\u003cem>provided language translation in the field.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This reporting is supported by a grant from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "It doesn't have to be that way. Every heat death is preventable. It's just going to take time, money, and a strong standard for warning people of danger.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>loyd Ware has survived a widow-maker heart attack, layoffs in the tech industry and living a few doors down from the Grateful Dead. But now he worries that heat—in San Francisco, of all places—is going to kill him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to exaggerate, but at times it seems all-encompassing, you can’t get away from it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I really do think that government potentially has a role in making sure buildings are safe. We make sure they’re not too cold. We ought to make sure they’re not too hot, too.’\u003ccite>Cyndy Comerford,\u003cbr>\nCity of San Jose\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ware, 67, is a wiry man and, for the record, he doesn’t exaggerate. Even during a foggy August, his room at Bayanihan House, south of Market Street, is consistently hotter than outside. When it was 63 degrees at San Francisco’s weather station, it was 81 degrees in his spotless, small space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Labor Day, San Francisco’s record-high temperatures drove him and other residents out onto the street and into the basement of Ware’s single room occupancy building, where large fans blow hot air around rather than cool it. Only leaving his room prevents him from falling seriously ill, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, we put small heat sensors in 31 homes in four counties: Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. The homes had no air conditioning, and the sensors took temperature readings for three weeks in July, August, or September. In every home, heat was stubborn. It stuck around even as the sun dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>And at night, when people’s bodies need to be able to cool off, all the homes we measured let go of heat slowly, staying hotter inside than it was outside—as much as 15 or 20 degrees hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is one of the top public health threats from climate change, according to the state of California. The illnesses and deaths that result from it are preventable. But where people spend the majority of their time, at home, no right to cooling is guaranteed. Public officials around the Bay Area are still figuring out how to warn people and how to respond to heat—both as an extreme event, and as an emerging health threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until they do, a divide is deepening between the cool haves and the hot have-nots.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>It’s About Where You Live\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">H\u003c/span>ousing is a huge expense that influences people’s health. In a heat wave, the most dangerous places can be inside of homes and apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, health officials have concluded that heat builds up significantly in some glassy high-rises and many older residential hotels. Our sensor measurements found that the single room occupancy buildings that once served gold prospectors and seamen stood out as consistently hotter than the weather outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside these buildings, climate-driven heat already threatens the health and finances of people most vulnerable to it: people like Floyd Ware. After three years in his one-room rental, Ware says his health has gotten worse. He keeps a plastic tub full of medications for his chronic lung disease on a shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lpCK4/4/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing with emphysema is, you can’t get the air out. If you can’t get the air all the way out, you can’t get the air in,” Ware says. “And the problem with the heat is, it restricts the lungs. So it has an appreciable effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ware’s doctors advised him not to wait when a sudden emphysema attack comes. Three times in two years, he’s placed an emergency call for an ambulance to Zuckerberg San Francisco General hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare pays most of it, but each time, Ware owes out-of-pocket costs. His social security income pays for his stay in the residential hotel; what’s left over pays for his food and medicine. As a result, Ware says, he has racked up $2,000 in debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how I’m going to pay ‘em,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>There Is No Legal Right to Cooling\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In-home cooling can reduce the risk of heat illness, according to Linda Rudolph, an expert on health and climate change with the Oakland-based Public Health Institute (PHI). But just one out of every ten Bay Area homes has central air conditioning. Tenants we talked to said they either couldn’t afford to buy a portable AC or couldn’t afford to turn it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Poor people are less likely to have air conditioning,” Rudolph says. “Or they may not have the money to get their air conditioner fixed, or they may live in a rental apartment where the landlord doesn’t want to get it fixed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or it may be that window units only do so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 5:30 p.m. one August evening, it’s still over 90 degrees in Mario Rodriguez’s San Jose apartment—the first floor of a complex with few trees and a scrabbly lawn, along busy North Main street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez has low blood pressure and is on constant oxygen, for lung trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1933397\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1933397\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"One of the great regrets of working full time is not being able to do a committed series with you! \" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mario_CC.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mario Rodriguez’ San Jose was 10 degrees hotter than outdoors, even when he turned on his window air conditioner. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When it gets hot I get kind of dizzy,” he says. “I get tired and I have to sit down for a few minutes. Or I start sweating and then I start fainting out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez bought a window air conditioner from a friend for $75, even though he knew it would raise his electric bill. The unit cost him an additional $75 when his rental manager required him to install it with plexiglass around it, rather than plywood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added the air conditioner during the period when we were measuring heat in his apartment. But even on days when he ran the it, indoor temperatures peaked at 10 degrees hotter than outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habitability, under federal and California law, requires only that water run freely, and that heating be available. New York and some Canadian cities have considered making in-home cooling a right. But in Sacramento, the idea of a tenant’s right to cooling has died a quick death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cyndy Comerford used to work for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, where she analyzed housing and heat. Now, she directs climate programs for the city of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really do think that government potentially has a role in making sure buildings are safe,” Comerford says. “We do that structurally. We make sure they’re not too cold. We ought to make sure they’re not too hot, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And keeping buildings cool isn’t only about air conditioning, as researchers and urban designers have concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How To Cool an Old Building\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">W\u003c/span>ell-designed neighborhoods once took the landscape into account, says Stephanie Pincetl, a sustainability researcher at UCLA. They had less concrete, and were cooled by breezes and natural shade, including from trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has amnesia about how to combat heat in cities, Pincetl says, having forgotten resilient city design when development boomed and ushered in cheap housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Older buildings are less well insulated,” she says. “Really, what we need to do is have much better buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pincetl argues the state could adopt building codes that promote passive cooling, and provide incentives for owners to harden buildings against heat. Landlords could improve insulation, add vegetation, and plant climbing vines to cool off old apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Public health officials, epidemiologists and researchers like PHI’s Rudolph argue that health systems and environmental conditions are connected. They say California should plan not just for acute heat disaster, but for lasting change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means planting trees, promoting cool rooftops, and even investing in street surfaces that reflect heat away from the ground, Rudolph says, in order to reduce the maximum temperatures in neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because otherwise,” she says, “we essentially won’t be able to respond and adapt adequately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any of those ideas demand coordination among multiple county and local departments. Few laws require this work, and little funding supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These climate-related health problems—really no one else is going to pay attention to them,” says Rudolph. “But the local health departments frankly need help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘A Double Whammy’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">R\u003c/span>ose Basulto lives on a treeless street, a block from state Route 4. Almost every day during three weeks when we measured the temperature in her home, it was hotter inside than out. In her living room, the temperature peaked over 100 degrees, eight times in three weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 37-year old Basulto, heat made it hard to think – and move. At night, when it could be almost 80 degrees inside, she found it nearly impossible to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s like that again, I don’t think I can make it through another summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gtr1h/2/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat made her asthma worse. It exacerbates cardiovascular, respiratory and renal conditions, and places stress on people with diabetes and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the nighttime temperatures don’t go down, which is what’s increasingly happening with climate change,” says Rudolph, “it’s harder for them to get that kind of physiological rest period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basulto and other renters we talked with around the Bay Area say they’ve found few simple solutions to living in warm homes—other than to leave them. At least half a dozen people who described housing conditions they linked to health problems decided not to allow us to document heat in their homes, even anonymously, for fear of angering a landlord, or destabilizing a precarious housing situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona heat scientist David Hondula has noticed the same thing in his research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this undercurrent of a sense of being stuck with the conditions the way they are,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a couple of years, PG&E will implement “time-of-use” pricing, charging for electricity based on when demand peaks—which is late afternoon, as people return home from work and school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to our measurements inside homes, it’s exactly when indoor heat rises, soaring past outdoor temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time-of-use pricing will make cooling older homes cost more for people who already can’t afford it, according to Pincetl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so they’re going to get the double whammy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Warning People Is the First Step\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>cross the Bay Area, and across the state, the time and manner in which counties choose to warn people and respond to heat varies. Contra Costa County is working on an emergency response plan for heat. In 2015, its public health department concluded that excessive heat means temperatures above 85 degrees along the western bay side of the county, and above 96 on the east side. Last Labor Day, when heat killed 14 people around the bay, San Francisco declared a heat emergency; San Mateo County did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has studied its risk from warmer temperatures, and adopted an aggressive policy to send warning notices at 85 degrees. And the city is going even further, with hyperlocal training to help neighborhoods be ready for natural disasters. In a heat wave, the Neighborhood Empowerment Network would connect residents to each other, to prevent bad health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The network’s director, Daniel Homsey, drives among the nook and cranny communities on the south and east side of the city, parking us in Dolores Heights, a patch on the eastern slope of Twin Peaks that gets plenty of sunshine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco waives permit and street closure fees for 280 block parties, called Neighborfests, each year. Every Neighborfest spread, just like every city block of a city, has its own personality: in Dolores Heights, Beyonce and Madonna blare from speakers at one end of a block. At the other, kids play cornhole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1933400\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1933400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Fran Link was holding a garage sale one recent day when Daniel Homsey drove by, looking for emergency supplies. Homsey helps San Francisco neighborhoods organize to be resilient in disasters such as heat waves. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/RS33114_IMG_6218-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fran Link was holding a garage sale one recent day when Daniel Homsey drove by, looking for emergency supplies. Homsey helps San Francisco neighborhoods organize to be resilient in disasters such as heat waves. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On tables next to several grills, an array of salads – Greek, quinoa, green, and fruit – stands sentinel alongside burgers and hot dogs. Homsey points out a barbecue buffet isn’t too different from how a neighborhood might set up a feeding station in a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s secret mission with Neighborfest, isn’t just to get neighbors to swap salads; it’s to get people used to coming out of their homes to help each other. Neighborfest volunteers lead conversations that establish communal inventories—who’s got a cool basement or air conditioning, propane tanks or water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And neighbors themselves are building phone trees as a means to look out for each other, says Maria José González-Salido, a Dolores Heights block captain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like, I know they have children, I know someone else has an elderly person, they know I have my mom,” she says, nodding at different homes. “It’s a good community thing to have these parties and get to know everybody, right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making his way to another Neighborfest, Homsey pulls over to poke around a garage sale; he’s always on the lookout for disaster supplies, like coolers and chili pots, to donate to communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a hoarder in recovery,” he says, half-laughing, “and I’m using disaster preparedness to focus my investments better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 19th century, the nickname for this hilly patch of land on the southeastern side of San Francisco was Little Switzerland: it was a vacation spot, with plenty of cows, and little fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s about building on the traditional ethos of being a good neighbor, and caring for those around you.’\u003ccite>Daniel Homsey,\u003cbr>\nCity of San Francisco\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now it’s Glen Park, and its homeowners, including Fran Link, suffered last year for days in a row from heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not used to that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homsey asks Link if her home gets hot. Yes, Link answers; the turreted house faces south, and west, with big bay windows and no air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homsey tells her his aunt didn’t have AC, either. She lived nearby, and died in her home twenty years ago, during a heat event. Homsey’s father found his sister, several days later, on her bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather than make a decision that was rational, which is, ‘It’s really hot at my house, I’m going to downstairs where it’s cooler,'” Homsey says, “she’s like, ‘I’m really tired, I’m going to go lie in my bedroom.’ She lay down and she never got up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homsey often thinks of his aunt as he does this work. He says San Francisco’s program is helping strangers become neighbors. After Link talks to him at her garage sale, she heads over to the block party to hear a live band; later in the month, she goes to a neighborhood training about how to respond in a bleeding emergency. Meanwhile, Homsey is spreading the gospel of grilling and readiness by working with Santa Rosa and Oakland. They want Neighborfests too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s resilience, he says. “It’s about building on the traditional ethos of being a good neighbor, and caring for those around you, even if you don’t have an immediate relationship with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every heat death is preventable; it’s a core belief for Homsey and for public health experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But right now, few systems, laws, or policies require centralized preparedness against heat. Illness related to extreme high temperatures is poorly tracked and underreported. Cooling hot homes, and hot neighborhoods, isn’t easy. And little public funding helps pay for responding to climate-related health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the danger of heat grows, Californians are still pretty much on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Amel Ahmed contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Miguel Hernandez and Osvaldo Pedroza dropped off and picked up sensors for houses in southern California, and \u003c/em>\u003cem>provided language translation in the field.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This reporting is supported by a grant from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Supreme Court Stalls Kids' Climate Suit Days Before Trial",
"headTitle": "Supreme Court Stalls Kids’ Climate Suit Days Before Trial | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court on Friday temporarily blocked a high-profile climate change lawsuit\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1918228/san-francisco-federal-court-takes-up-young-peoples-climate-change-suit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> brought by young activists\u003c/a> who accuse the federal government of violating their constitutional rights with policies that have caused a dangerous climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Justice John Roberts signed an order freezing the trial that was set to start in 10 days in federal court in Oregon until lawyers for the young people provide a response and the high court issues another order.[contextly_sidebar id=”yVoRRrWHOmLgmwhujQXx1gfjQXcjiWSE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked a victory for the government, which under the Obama and Trump administrations has tried unsuccessfully for years to get the case dismissed. An expert says the Trump administration tried again before the Oct. 29 trial as the court shifted to the right with the confirmation this month of Brett Kavanaugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court refused to toss the lawsuit in July, calling it “premature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Department lawyers asked again Thursday, arguing that the claim aims to redirect federal environmental policies through the courts rather than through the political process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Olson, a lawyer representing the young plaintiffs and chief legal counsel for Our Children’s Trust, said they are confident the trial will move forward once the justices receive their response, which is due by Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court has recognized in other cases that review of constitutional questions “is better done on a full record where the evidence is presented and weighed,” she said in an email. “This case is about already recognized fundamental rights and children’s rights of equal protection under the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young people say government officials have known for more than 50 years that carbon pollution from fossil fuels was causing climate change and that policies on oil and gas deprive them of life, liberty and property. They also say the government has failed to protect natural resources as a “public trust” for future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit wants a court to order the government to stop permitting and authorizing fossil fuels, quickly phase out carbon dioxide emissions to a certain level by 2100 and develop a national climate recovery plan.[contextly_sidebar id=”xcwIUXX2B4Q2CJC4CpSLqNKGRS1ogMv2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration got a temporary reprieve on the case after also asking the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which rejected the request in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The latest attempt to get the U.S. Supreme Court to stop the trial does not appear to be based on any new evidence or arguments. The only new element is an additional Supreme Court justice,” said Melissa Scanlan, a professor at Vermont Law School, who is not involved in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh replaced the more moderate Anthony Kennedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scanlan said the Trump administration is trying to avoid “what they’re expecting to be a 50-day trial focused on climate disruption.” The trial in Eugene, Oregon, was expected to wrap up in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has argued in court filings that the young people don’t have standing to bring the case and the issues should be left to the political branches of government, not the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Wood, acting assistant attorney general for the Justice Department’s environment and natural resources division, said officials “firmly believe there is no legal basis for this case to be heard in federal court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit “is an unconstitutional attempt to use a single court to control the entire nation’s energy and climate policy,” he said, according to prepared remarks for a speech he gave Friday at a conference in San Diego. “It is a matter of separation of powers and preserving the opportunity in our system of government for those policies to be decided by the elected branches, not the courts.”[contextly_sidebar id=”AdJP3FKaFsbXK3qojlVOi6maeNQZC0xR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit is part of a nationwide effort led by the Oregon-based nonprofit Our Children’s Trust to force states and the federal government to take action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Hansen, a former top NASA scientist who told the world 30 years ago that global warming had arrived, is also part of the federal case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Court Judge Ann Aiken earlier this week dismissed President Donald Trump as a defendant in the case and rejected arguments that the young people can’t bring the case. She said they made specific allegations of “personal injuries caused by human induced climate change,” including extreme weather events in 2016 and 2017 that led to flooding in Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scanlan, the law professor, said the plaintiffs will need to show that the government created a danger, that they knew they created that danger and they “with deliberative indifference” failed to prevent harm.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The U.S. government is trying to block a major climate change lawsuit days before young activists are set to argue that the government has violated their constitutional rights by failing to take action on climate change.",
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"description": "The U.S. government is trying to block a major climate change lawsuit days before young activists are set to argue that the government has violated their constitutional rights by failing to take action on climate change.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court on Friday temporarily blocked a high-profile climate change lawsuit\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1918228/san-francisco-federal-court-takes-up-young-peoples-climate-change-suit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> brought by young activists\u003c/a> who accuse the federal government of violating their constitutional rights with policies that have caused a dangerous climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Justice John Roberts signed an order freezing the trial that was set to start in 10 days in federal court in Oregon until lawyers for the young people provide a response and the high court issues another order.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked a victory for the government, which under the Obama and Trump administrations has tried unsuccessfully for years to get the case dismissed. An expert says the Trump administration tried again before the Oct. 29 trial as the court shifted to the right with the confirmation this month of Brett Kavanaugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court refused to toss the lawsuit in July, calling it “premature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Department lawyers asked again Thursday, arguing that the claim aims to redirect federal environmental policies through the courts rather than through the political process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Olson, a lawyer representing the young plaintiffs and chief legal counsel for Our Children’s Trust, said they are confident the trial will move forward once the justices receive their response, which is due by Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court has recognized in other cases that review of constitutional questions “is better done on a full record where the evidence is presented and weighed,” she said in an email. “This case is about already recognized fundamental rights and children’s rights of equal protection under the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young people say government officials have known for more than 50 years that carbon pollution from fossil fuels was causing climate change and that policies on oil and gas deprive them of life, liberty and property. They also say the government has failed to protect natural resources as a “public trust” for future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit wants a court to order the government to stop permitting and authorizing fossil fuels, quickly phase out carbon dioxide emissions to a certain level by 2100 and develop a national climate recovery plan.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration got a temporary reprieve on the case after also asking the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which rejected the request in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The latest attempt to get the U.S. Supreme Court to stop the trial does not appear to be based on any new evidence or arguments. The only new element is an additional Supreme Court justice,” said Melissa Scanlan, a professor at Vermont Law School, who is not involved in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh replaced the more moderate Anthony Kennedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scanlan said the Trump administration is trying to avoid “what they’re expecting to be a 50-day trial focused on climate disruption.” The trial in Eugene, Oregon, was expected to wrap up in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has argued in court filings that the young people don’t have standing to bring the case and the issues should be left to the political branches of government, not the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Wood, acting assistant attorney general for the Justice Department’s environment and natural resources division, said officials “firmly believe there is no legal basis for this case to be heard in federal court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit “is an unconstitutional attempt to use a single court to control the entire nation’s energy and climate policy,” he said, according to prepared remarks for a speech he gave Friday at a conference in San Diego. “It is a matter of separation of powers and preserving the opportunity in our system of government for those policies to be decided by the elected branches, not the courts.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit is part of a nationwide effort led by the Oregon-based nonprofit Our Children’s Trust to force states and the federal government to take action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Hansen, a former top NASA scientist who told the world 30 years ago that global warming had arrived, is also part of the federal case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Court Judge Ann Aiken earlier this week dismissed President Donald Trump as a defendant in the case and rejected arguments that the young people can’t bring the case. She said they made specific allegations of “personal injuries caused by human induced climate change,” including extreme weather events in 2016 and 2017 that led to flooding in Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scanlan, the law professor, said the plaintiffs will need to show that the government created a danger, that they knew they created that danger and they “with deliberative indifference” failed to prevent harm.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Listen to The Ice Shelf as It Makes Eerie Sounds",
"headTitle": "Listen to The Ice Shelf as It Makes Eerie Sounds | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w56RxaX9THY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “whistling” of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica’s largest, is beautifully eerie. It’s also potentially a divining rod for changes to shelves’ composition that can be monitored in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listening to it, the opening moan of Fever Ray’s song \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBAzlNJonO8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“If I Had A Heart”\u003c/a> comes to mind, or the dramatic composition \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnoxu4ocQb0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Inuksuit\u003c/em>\u003c/a> from John Luther Adams:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To arrive at \u003ca href=\"https://news.agu.org/press-release/antarctic-ice-shelf-sings-as-winds-whip-across-its-surface/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">their new recording\u003c/a>, twelve scientists working on the ice shelf burrowed 34 tools for measuring seismic activity into it, expecting to monitor its internal vibrations. They noticed, however, that surface wind glazing over the “firn” — the top layer of snow of the shelf — was feeding the sensors below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What was at first considered to be “inconvenient ambient noise,” as the glaciologist Douglas R. MacAyeal put it in \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL080366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a summation of the new findings\u003c/a>, ended up yielding valuable insights about the health of the shelf itself. The shelf’s song changes as its surface does; strong storms can rearrange the snow dunes atop it, causing that ice to vibrate at different frequencies — how fast the seismic waves travel through the snow changes as air temperatures at the surface fluctuate, in turn giving scientists data on the shelf’s structural integrity. Meaning whether or not it will break up, and thus raise sea levels. Not bad for a whistle or two. Or 34.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we care so much about ice shelves is because their stability is so important to the stability of other ice masses,” Rick Aster, one of the authors of the study, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting that the recording above was not, in its original form, perceptible to human ears — the “song” was created by speeding up those seismic waves, allowing more casual observers to follow along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives people an intuitive feel that there are these waves bouncing around in the ice shelf that are sensitive to changes, like warming,” Aster said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Music From the Natural World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New Orleans-based artist Quintron, through his company Quintronics, developed the Weather Warlock, a “giant analog synth” that is based around an F-major chord, but varies its resulting music due to input from the weather (temperature, wind, sun and rain) it’s experiencing at any given time. The result, which \u003ca href=\"http://weatherfortheblind.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">you can stream 24 hours a day\u003c/a> from its current home in Los Angeles, is mercurial and meditative and worth leaving in your headphones for a while. “Our hope is that this instrument could be of some help to those experiencing any type of sleep disorder or to anyone suffering from stress or health issues which might benefit from a direct musical connection to nature,” its creators note. (They also note it is \u003cem>not\u003c/em> meant to offer any medical treatment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Baka in southeastern Cameroon \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLGX7EPODug\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">use water as a drum\u003c/a>, resulting in a fluent, calming rhythmic form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, if you’re sick of Earth entirely, NASA has an archive of “spooky” space sounds — \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/features/halloween_sounds.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perfect for Halloween\u003c/a>. (Not so sure about \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/edu_happy_halloween_2015.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that cover art\u003c/a>, however.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Updated Oct. 18, 5:23 p.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>with further information on \u003c/em>\u003cem>the value of wind’s seismic data.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/w56RxaX9THY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/w56RxaX9THY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The “whistling” of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica’s largest, is beautifully eerie. It’s also potentially a divining rod for changes to shelves’ composition that can be monitored in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listening to it, the opening moan of Fever Ray’s song \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBAzlNJonO8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“If I Had A Heart”\u003c/a> comes to mind, or the dramatic composition \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnoxu4ocQb0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Inuksuit\u003c/em>\u003c/a> from John Luther Adams:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To arrive at \u003ca href=\"https://news.agu.org/press-release/antarctic-ice-shelf-sings-as-winds-whip-across-its-surface/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">their new recording\u003c/a>, twelve scientists working on the ice shelf burrowed 34 tools for measuring seismic activity into it, expecting to monitor its internal vibrations. They noticed, however, that surface wind glazing over the “firn” — the top layer of snow of the shelf — was feeding the sensors below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What was at first considered to be “inconvenient ambient noise,” as the glaciologist Douglas R. MacAyeal put it in \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL080366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a summation of the new findings\u003c/a>, ended up yielding valuable insights about the health of the shelf itself. The shelf’s song changes as its surface does; strong storms can rearrange the snow dunes atop it, causing that ice to vibrate at different frequencies — how fast the seismic waves travel through the snow changes as air temperatures at the surface fluctuate, in turn giving scientists data on the shelf’s structural integrity. Meaning whether or not it will break up, and thus raise sea levels. Not bad for a whistle or two. Or 34.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we care so much about ice shelves is because their stability is so important to the stability of other ice masses,” Rick Aster, one of the authors of the study, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting that the recording above was not, in its original form, perceptible to human ears — the “song” was created by speeding up those seismic waves, allowing more casual observers to follow along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives people an intuitive feel that there are these waves bouncing around in the ice shelf that are sensitive to changes, like warming,” Aster said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Music From the Natural World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New Orleans-based artist Quintron, through his company Quintronics, developed the Weather Warlock, a “giant analog synth” that is based around an F-major chord, but varies its resulting music due to input from the weather (temperature, wind, sun and rain) it’s experiencing at any given time. The result, which \u003ca href=\"http://weatherfortheblind.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">you can stream 24 hours a day\u003c/a> from its current home in Los Angeles, is mercurial and meditative and worth leaving in your headphones for a while. “Our hope is that this instrument could be of some help to those experiencing any type of sleep disorder or to anyone suffering from stress or health issues which might benefit from a direct musical connection to nature,” its creators note. (They also note it is \u003cem>not\u003c/em> meant to offer any medical treatment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Baka in southeastern Cameroon \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLGX7EPODug\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">use water as a drum\u003c/a>, resulting in a fluent, calming rhythmic form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, if you’re sick of Earth entirely, NASA has an archive of “spooky” space sounds — \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/features/halloween_sounds.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perfect for Halloween\u003c/a>. (Not so sure about \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/edu_happy_halloween_2015.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that cover art\u003c/a>, however.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Updated Oct. 18, 5:23 p.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>with further information on \u003c/em>\u003cem>the value of wind’s seismic data.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Where Have All the Critters Gone? Blame Climate Change",
"headTitle": "Where Have All the Critters Gone? Blame Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Insect populations in the tropics are facing a crisis as global warming drives up temperatures, causing a 98 percent decline in their numbers over the last four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are the findings of a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study published\u003c/a> this week in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, \u003c/em>which suggests that climate change is disrupting the global ecosystem at an accelerating pace.[contextly_sidebar id=”9X7r6vwdGlQwE6EW5F7mPjMQyBkzzvYq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worse, the study concludes that the problem is more widespread than scientists realized, with global warming triggering a “bottom-up” domino effect and resulting collapse of the forest food web, as insect-eating animals dwindle, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the consequences of a collapsed food web would have serious ramifications for the future stability of tropical ecosystems, which house two-thirds of the Earth’s species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A disruption in the tropical food web would also have catastrophic repercussions for the global ecosystem, according to lead author Bradford Lister, a biologist at \u003ca href=\"https://www.rpi.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loss of species in tropical rainforests are a sign that increased temperatures have begun to take their toll on the local climate, according to Lister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warns that eventually the world could see dramatic changes in rainfall if tropical rainforests are degraded and vegetation starts to collapse, which is possible since pollinators are already crashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the global water cycle depends on plant life in these rainforests, which produce huge amounts of water that feed into rain flows carried by trade winds north and south of the equator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s happening all over the planet and once the pollinators crash, then the plants follow and you get accelerated extinction rates of a lot of animals and insects,” says Lister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Catastrophe Has Already Arrived\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lister points to the recent United Nations report on climate change to underscore the threat. The report lists 2040 as the year when the more severe impacts of global warming will start to unfold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[I]n Central and South America, you’re already seeing a 2 to 2.5 degree warming,” says Lister. “We don’t have to wait that long to see the impact of global warming. The damaging effects on the ecosystems that sustain us is already happening in tropical locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, researchers focused on the Luquillo Rainforest in Puerto Rico and Chamela forest in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Puerto Rico, they compared data collected between 1976 and 2013, during which time the average temperature increased by two degrees Celsius (3.6 F).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Lister and his team returned to the island in 2013, he says he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/hyperalarming-study-shows-massive-insect-loss/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.92b5efdda92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surprised by how\u003c/a> much the situation had changed.[contextly_sidebar id=”mSktpCB1i441tT4oxSnPqod1JuM7uE3q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers didn’t observe any butterflies during the first two days, a considerable change from the 1970s, when Lister says butterflies could be spotted all over the forest. Lister says he also also noticed fewer flying insects in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just based on casual observations of the forest, we knew something was amiss,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also an obvious lack of birds that were once abundant such as the the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puerto Rican tody, \u003c/a>which feeds almost exclusively on insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the data, Lister and his team collected insects using adhesive plates. They also swept the forest brush hundreds of times with nets, collecting any insects that passed through. They compared the results with previous measurements taken in the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that as temperatures increased,the biomass, or collective weight of insects declined by 98 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, researchers found that the biomass of insects captured by the adhesive traps declined 98 percent, while the net sweeps trapped between 12.5 and 25 percent of previous yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also discovered contemporaneous declines in the forest’s insect-eating populations such as lizards, frogs, and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puerto Rican tody \u003c/a>for example, diminished by 90 percent. The ten most common species living in the forest canopy also experienced declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insect populations in western Mexico also saw declines of about 70 to 80 percent in biomass, while temperatures in this region climbed by 2.4 C (36.3°F) over the same period.[contextly_sidebar id=”1RyDiECBYd2XPdCCn5lKDTdBRjEj2VzP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert called the findings “one of the most disturbing articles” he had ever head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study in PNAS is a real wake-up call — a clarion call — that the phenomenon could be much, much bigger, and across many more ecosystems,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/hyperalarming-study-shows-massive-insect-loss/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.92b5efdda92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Wagner\u003c/a>, an expert in invertebrate conservation at the University of Connecticut, told the Washington Post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Global Trend\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings corroborate similar findings from previous studies showing that global bug populations are declining at an alarming rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Stanford study in 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/features/insect_numbers_declining_why_it_matters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimated that\u003c/a> insect populations around the world declined by 45 percent in the last 35 years. Another study in 2017 showed a 76 percent decline in flying insects in \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/topic/Germany\">German\u003c/a> nature preserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers cite climate change as the cause of the dramatic declines based on a special statistical technique that allows scientists to single out specific variables — such as rainfall declines or increased temperatures — to determine their impact on the insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool, according to Lister, pointed to higher temperatures as the culprit 90 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, almost all of the insects displayed the same proportion of declines, regardless of what species or forest niche they occupied. Lister says this indicates that an overarching force must be at play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His team plans on returning to these sites for newer measurements in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s with a lot of trepidation that I head back because it’s very disturbing to see what’s been going on in the last 30 to 40 years,” he says. “And if global temperatures keep increasing, the forests will eventually dry out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while rainforests harbor most of the world’s species, Lister says there have been few studies done on the impact of warming temperatures on tropical climates. He hopes his team’s work stimulates more research on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Dramatic declines in insect populations are causing the rainforest's food web to collapse. A new study says the problem is worse than scientists previously thought.",
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"headline": "Where Have All the Critters Gone? Blame Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Insect populations in the tropics are facing a crisis as global warming drives up temperatures, causing a 98 percent decline in their numbers over the last four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are the findings of a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study published\u003c/a> this week in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, \u003c/em>which suggests that climate change is disrupting the global ecosystem at an accelerating pace.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worse, the study concludes that the problem is more widespread than scientists realized, with global warming triggering a “bottom-up” domino effect and resulting collapse of the forest food web, as insect-eating animals dwindle, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the consequences of a collapsed food web would have serious ramifications for the future stability of tropical ecosystems, which house two-thirds of the Earth’s species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A disruption in the tropical food web would also have catastrophic repercussions for the global ecosystem, according to lead author Bradford Lister, a biologist at \u003ca href=\"https://www.rpi.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loss of species in tropical rainforests are a sign that increased temperatures have begun to take their toll on the local climate, according to Lister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warns that eventually the world could see dramatic changes in rainfall if tropical rainforests are degraded and vegetation starts to collapse, which is possible since pollinators are already crashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the global water cycle depends on plant life in these rainforests, which produce huge amounts of water that feed into rain flows carried by trade winds north and south of the equator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s happening all over the planet and once the pollinators crash, then the plants follow and you get accelerated extinction rates of a lot of animals and insects,” says Lister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Catastrophe Has Already Arrived\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lister points to the recent United Nations report on climate change to underscore the threat. The report lists 2040 as the year when the more severe impacts of global warming will start to unfold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[I]n Central and South America, you’re already seeing a 2 to 2.5 degree warming,” says Lister. “We don’t have to wait that long to see the impact of global warming. The damaging effects on the ecosystems that sustain us is already happening in tropical locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, researchers focused on the Luquillo Rainforest in Puerto Rico and Chamela forest in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Puerto Rico, they compared data collected between 1976 and 2013, during which time the average temperature increased by two degrees Celsius (3.6 F).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Lister and his team returned to the island in 2013, he says he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/hyperalarming-study-shows-massive-insect-loss/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.92b5efdda92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surprised by how\u003c/a> much the situation had changed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers didn’t observe any butterflies during the first two days, a considerable change from the 1970s, when Lister says butterflies could be spotted all over the forest. Lister says he also also noticed fewer flying insects in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just based on casual observations of the forest, we knew something was amiss,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also an obvious lack of birds that were once abundant such as the the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puerto Rican tody, \u003c/a>which feeds almost exclusively on insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the data, Lister and his team collected insects using adhesive plates. They also swept the forest brush hundreds of times with nets, collecting any insects that passed through. They compared the results with previous measurements taken in the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that as temperatures increased,the biomass, or collective weight of insects declined by 98 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, researchers found that the biomass of insects captured by the adhesive traps declined 98 percent, while the net sweeps trapped between 12.5 and 25 percent of previous yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also discovered contemporaneous declines in the forest’s insect-eating populations such as lizards, frogs, and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puerto Rican tody \u003c/a>for example, diminished by 90 percent. The ten most common species living in the forest canopy also experienced declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insect populations in western Mexico also saw declines of about 70 to 80 percent in biomass, while temperatures in this region climbed by 2.4 C (36.3°F) over the same period.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert called the findings “one of the most disturbing articles” he had ever head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study in PNAS is a real wake-up call — a clarion call — that the phenomenon could be much, much bigger, and across many more ecosystems,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/hyperalarming-study-shows-massive-insect-loss/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.92b5efdda92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Wagner\u003c/a>, an expert in invertebrate conservation at the University of Connecticut, told the Washington Post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Global Trend\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings corroborate similar findings from previous studies showing that global bug populations are declining at an alarming rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Stanford study in 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/features/insect_numbers_declining_why_it_matters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimated that\u003c/a> insect populations around the world declined by 45 percent in the last 35 years. Another study in 2017 showed a 76 percent decline in flying insects in \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/topic/Germany\">German\u003c/a> nature preserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers cite climate change as the cause of the dramatic declines based on a special statistical technique that allows scientists to single out specific variables — such as rainfall declines or increased temperatures — to determine their impact on the insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool, according to Lister, pointed to higher temperatures as the culprit 90 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, almost all of the insects displayed the same proportion of declines, regardless of what species or forest niche they occupied. Lister says this indicates that an overarching force must be at play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His team plans on returning to these sites for newer measurements in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s with a lot of trepidation that I head back because it’s very disturbing to see what’s been going on in the last 30 to 40 years,” he says. “And if global temperatures keep increasing, the forests will eventually dry out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while rainforests harbor most of the world’s species, Lister says there have been few studies done on the impact of warming temperatures on tropical climates. He hopes his team’s work stimulates more research on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "EPA Boasts Of Reduced Greenhouse Gases While Trump Questions Climate Science",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is celebrating a drop in the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions last year, even as the president himself continues to challenge the scientific understanding of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency says U.S. production of heat-trapping gases was 2.7 percent lower in 2017 than the previous year. Despite the improvement, independent analysts say the country is likely to fall far short of the pollution controls needed to rein in global warming.[contextly_sidebar id=”VTjU6Ienb3mgGQ17idCLv2PVkgjJf7dH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trends that are driving the emission reductions that we saw in 2017 were baked in several years before,” said Kate Larsen, who monitors greenhouse gas emissions for the \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rhodium Group\u003c/a>, an independent research firm. “We can’t rely on those trends continuing forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the reduction in 2017 came from power plants — traditionally a leading source of carbon pollution. Emissions from the electricity sector fell by 4.5 percent as utilities switched to cheap natural gas and increasingly competitive renewable sources of power. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coal’s share of electricity production\u003c/a> fell to just 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These achievements flow largely from technological breakthroughs in the private sector, not the heavy hand of government,” EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/data-shows-decrease-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-during-trumps-first-year-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>. Wheeler is a former coal lobbyist and, like President Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/06/626525274/get-to-know-andrew-wheeler-ex-coal-lobbyist-with-inside-track-to-lead-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a skeptic when it comes to climate science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-full-interview-60-minutes-transcript-lesley-stahl-2018-10-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that aired this week, Trump disputed the overwhelming scientific consensus that man-made carbon pollution is responsible for global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d have to show me the scientists because they have a very big political agenda,” the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made a priority of rolling back Obama-era climate policies, including measures designed to cut pollution from power plants and automotive tailpipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity sector has continued to show progress in reducing emissions despite that about-face by the federal government. The abundance of cheap natural gas and falling prices for renewable power have encouraged the switch from dirtier, coal-fired plants. Some states have also required utilities to boost their reliance on greener sources of power.[contextly_sidebar id=”Zz74cMfmjLmakl6pTIO6KQWajbf0Cekx”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trends are less positive in the transportation sector, which has now eclipsed electricity as the leading producer of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are driving more and because of low gas prices over the last few years, consumers are choosing larger, heavier vehicles,” Larsen said. The Trump administration has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598888447/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put the brakes on an Obama-era effort to boost fuel economy\u003c/a>, although states like California have threatened to impose their own standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen says at the current pace, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 will be about 15 percent below their 2005 levels. That’s far short of the 26 to 28 percent reduction promised under the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced his intention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">withdraw from that agreement\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cheap natural gas continues to grab market share, greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector could start to climb again after 2025. At that point, gas might not be displacing carbon-intensive coal but rather carbon-free nuclear power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the risk of taking credit for these market trends,” Larsen said. “When those trends push in a direction that’s not useful, no one is taking the blame for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/ce719c7d6664400cb6b720ba84af2bc2?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=AP_Politics&utm_campaign=SocialFlow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press\u003c/a> this week, Trump argued that government efforts to further curb carbon pollution could put the U.S. at an economic disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m not willing to do is sacrifice the economic well-being of our country for something that nobody really knows,” Trump said, repeating his false claim that there’s widespread debate on climate science. “I have a natural instinct for science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Boasts+Of+Reduced+Greenhouse+Gases%2C+Even+As+Trump+Questions+Climate+Science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is celebrating a drop in the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions last year, even as the president himself continues to challenge the scientific understanding of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency says U.S. production of heat-trapping gases was 2.7 percent lower in 2017 than the previous year. Despite the improvement, independent analysts say the country is likely to fall far short of the pollution controls needed to rein in global warming.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trends that are driving the emission reductions that we saw in 2017 were baked in several years before,” said Kate Larsen, who monitors greenhouse gas emissions for the \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rhodium Group\u003c/a>, an independent research firm. “We can’t rely on those trends continuing forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the reduction in 2017 came from power plants — traditionally a leading source of carbon pollution. Emissions from the electricity sector fell by 4.5 percent as utilities switched to cheap natural gas and increasingly competitive renewable sources of power. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coal’s share of electricity production\u003c/a> fell to just 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These achievements flow largely from technological breakthroughs in the private sector, not the heavy hand of government,” EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/data-shows-decrease-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-during-trumps-first-year-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>. Wheeler is a former coal lobbyist and, like President Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/06/626525274/get-to-know-andrew-wheeler-ex-coal-lobbyist-with-inside-track-to-lead-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a skeptic when it comes to climate science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-full-interview-60-minutes-transcript-lesley-stahl-2018-10-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that aired this week, Trump disputed the overwhelming scientific consensus that man-made carbon pollution is responsible for global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d have to show me the scientists because they have a very big political agenda,” the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made a priority of rolling back Obama-era climate policies, including measures designed to cut pollution from power plants and automotive tailpipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity sector has continued to show progress in reducing emissions despite that about-face by the federal government. The abundance of cheap natural gas and falling prices for renewable power have encouraged the switch from dirtier, coal-fired plants. Some states have also required utilities to boost their reliance on greener sources of power.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trends are less positive in the transportation sector, which has now eclipsed electricity as the leading producer of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are driving more and because of low gas prices over the last few years, consumers are choosing larger, heavier vehicles,” Larsen said. The Trump administration has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598888447/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put the brakes on an Obama-era effort to boost fuel economy\u003c/a>, although states like California have threatened to impose their own standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen says at the current pace, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 will be about 15 percent below their 2005 levels. That’s far short of the 26 to 28 percent reduction promised under the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced his intention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">withdraw from that agreement\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cheap natural gas continues to grab market share, greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector could start to climb again after 2025. At that point, gas might not be displacing carbon-intensive coal but rather carbon-free nuclear power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the risk of taking credit for these market trends,” Larsen said. “When those trends push in a direction that’s not useful, no one is taking the blame for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/ce719c7d6664400cb6b720ba84af2bc2?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=AP_Politics&utm_campaign=SocialFlow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press\u003c/a> this week, Trump argued that government efforts to further curb carbon pollution could put the U.S. at an economic disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m not willing to do is sacrifice the economic well-being of our country for something that nobody really knows,” Trump said, repeating his false claim that there’s widespread debate on climate science. “I have a natural instinct for science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Boasts+Of+Reduced+Greenhouse+Gases%2C+Even+As+Trump+Questions+Climate+Science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Growing Almonds With Little Water. Is it Possible?",
"headTitle": "Growing Almonds With Little Water. Is it Possible? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Much was written during California’s recent five-year drought about the amount of water used by almonds. The nuts have become California’s most lucrative agricultural commodity, and a major export product.[contextly_sidebar id=”Gys31M8YZHJuaL1kDzkM2nYzaKntFeqQ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long before concerns about water use by almond growers emerged, the industry initiated measures to conserve water by embracing microirrigation systems. It has also become a leader in efforts such as recharging groundwater by flooding almond orchards during winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water required to grow almonds also grows more than nuts. Other materials from the plant – from the tree itself to the nut hull – are used in a variety of products, with initiatives underway to find new uses for these materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain these initiatives further, Water Deeply recently interviewed Richard Waycott, president and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">CEO\u003c/span> of the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.almonds.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Almond Board of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: The almond industry has invested millions of dollars in water efficiency measures. What has this yielded so far and what more are you hoping to learn?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Waycott: Many almond growers have farmed in California for generations, and recognize that water is the lifeblood of California and a key component of responsible farming, essential to growing food. The California almond community began investing in water research in 1982 to determine if a then-new irrigation method – microirrigation – could work in almond orchards without negatively impacting yields. Tested via long-term studies across the growing region, the results were positive and, by targeting water applications directly to the trees’ roots instead of uniformly across the field, farmers conserved water and created other operational efficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This research has resulted in the wide adoption of microirrigation, which today is used by nearly 80 percent of almond farms. This is almost double the California state average of 42 percent of farms using microirrigation. This has helped almond farmers reduce the amount of water it takes to grow a pound of almonds by 33 percent over the past 20 years.[contextly_sidebar id=”E4oXBtmwgIjoy9mvOpU7kBz6znYNDFlH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While almond farmers have made great strides in the area of irrigation efficiency, there’s more we can do and are doing. The Almond Irrigation Improvement Continuum, created by irrigation experts, is a roadmap for California almond farmers to accelerate adoption of research-based, water-efficient practices and technology. The continuum provides research-based guidance to improve any farmer’s irrigation efficiency by focusing on five key areas: calculating orchard water requirements, measuring applied water, and monitoring irrigation system performance, soil moisture and plant water status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, to help farmers minimize waste and grow more crop per drop, the Almond Board has developed a free irrigation scheduling tool. Using data from their farms about orchard and irrigation system setup, along with local weather data and other inputs, the calculator generates irrigation schedules including the optimal amount and timing of irrigation. Based on research, this interactive decision-support tool is designed to streamline on-farm decision-making and minimize environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What role is the almond industry playing in advancing groundwater recharge?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waycott: California’s aquifers are collectively the state’s largest water storage system and are used statewide for drinking water and farming. Overreliance on groundwater means that many of the state’s aquifers are under pressure. To support water sustainability in California, almond farmers are exploring how California’s almond orchards can be leveraged to replenish underground aquifers. On-farm groundwater recharge applies excess winter floodwater to dormant orchards, allowing it to seep down and restore groundwater.[contextly_sidebar id=”fXnXQm58AwRfxzxGL8QCBoJsJGYsBW2E”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water recharged back into those aquifers benefits all Californians, not just farmers. This research is critical to creating more sustainable water resources in California and core to the California almond community’s commitment to continuous improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: By your calculations, how much water does it take to grow an almond? And in what other ways is an almond used, besides for the nut itself?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waycott: All food takes water to grow and the water needed to grow an almond tree is similar to that of other fruit and nut trees in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water used to grow an almond actually grows four products: The kernel you eat, which is protected by a hull and a shell, as well as the tree. The trees store carbon and are transformed into electricity at the end of their lives; the shells become livestock bedding; and the hulls are nutritious dairy feed, reducing the water needed to grow other feed crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond farmers are committed to finding even more innovative new uses of almond coproducts that can support California in creating a genuine bioeconomy where every byproduct is an input for another valuable product. Current research is exploring using almond hull and shell components as growing medium for mushroom cultivation, producing feed sources for poultry, plastic additives for strength and color, soil amendments for almonds and other crops, supplemental winter food sources for honey bees, and even for brewing beer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Acreage of almonds planted in California has increased in recent years, with some percentage of this replacing annual crops. Is there a point at which, from a market or water standpoint, there’s an unsustainable number of acres?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waycott: Over the past several years, California as a whole has seen increased plantings of perennial crops – things like fruit trees, nuts and vines – which generally have higher associated values than annual crops. While some have suggested that the shift toward higher-value perennial crops has led to an increase in agricultural water use, according to the California Department of Water Resources the total amount of agricultural water has held steady since 2000 and actually declined over a longer period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you take a look at our crop specifically, almonds grow on 17 percent of California’s irrigated farmland, but they use only 11 percent of the water California devotes to growing food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the most efficient place to grow almonds on the planet. In addition to its ideal Mediterranean climate – essential to growing almonds – California’s Central Valley is home to rich soils, natural resources and infrastructure, and innovative research and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economically, California grows more than 80 percent of the world’s almond supply, which creates a comparative advantage, creating value not just for farmers but for Californians as a whole. According to the California Agricultural Issues Center, the California almond community delivers significant economic value to the state, supporting 104,000 jobs across California and contributing $11 billion to California’s \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GDP.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/10/15/in-california-prop-3-is-a-billion-dollar-fix-for-stubborn-water-woes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California grows most of the world’s almonds, generating $11 billion annually. We look into what the industry is doing to use less water.",
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"title": "Growing Almonds With Little Water. Is it Possible? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Much was written during California’s recent five-year drought about the amount of water used by almonds. The nuts have become California’s most lucrative agricultural commodity, and a major export product.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long before concerns about water use by almond growers emerged, the industry initiated measures to conserve water by embracing microirrigation systems. It has also become a leader in efforts such as recharging groundwater by flooding almond orchards during winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water required to grow almonds also grows more than nuts. Other materials from the plant – from the tree itself to the nut hull – are used in a variety of products, with initiatives underway to find new uses for these materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain these initiatives further, Water Deeply recently interviewed Richard Waycott, president and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">CEO\u003c/span> of the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.almonds.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Almond Board of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: The almond industry has invested millions of dollars in water efficiency measures. What has this yielded so far and what more are you hoping to learn?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Waycott: Many almond growers have farmed in California for generations, and recognize that water is the lifeblood of California and a key component of responsible farming, essential to growing food. The California almond community began investing in water research in 1982 to determine if a then-new irrigation method – microirrigation – could work in almond orchards without negatively impacting yields. Tested via long-term studies across the growing region, the results were positive and, by targeting water applications directly to the trees’ roots instead of uniformly across the field, farmers conserved water and created other operational efficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This research has resulted in the wide adoption of microirrigation, which today is used by nearly 80 percent of almond farms. This is almost double the California state average of 42 percent of farms using microirrigation. This has helped almond farmers reduce the amount of water it takes to grow a pound of almonds by 33 percent over the past 20 years.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While almond farmers have made great strides in the area of irrigation efficiency, there’s more we can do and are doing. The Almond Irrigation Improvement Continuum, created by irrigation experts, is a roadmap for California almond farmers to accelerate adoption of research-based, water-efficient practices and technology. The continuum provides research-based guidance to improve any farmer’s irrigation efficiency by focusing on five key areas: calculating orchard water requirements, measuring applied water, and monitoring irrigation system performance, soil moisture and plant water status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, to help farmers minimize waste and grow more crop per drop, the Almond Board has developed a free irrigation scheduling tool. Using data from their farms about orchard and irrigation system setup, along with local weather data and other inputs, the calculator generates irrigation schedules including the optimal amount and timing of irrigation. Based on research, this interactive decision-support tool is designed to streamline on-farm decision-making and minimize environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What role is the almond industry playing in advancing groundwater recharge?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waycott: California’s aquifers are collectively the state’s largest water storage system and are used statewide for drinking water and farming. Overreliance on groundwater means that many of the state’s aquifers are under pressure. To support water sustainability in California, almond farmers are exploring how California’s almond orchards can be leveraged to replenish underground aquifers. On-farm groundwater recharge applies excess winter floodwater to dormant orchards, allowing it to seep down and restore groundwater.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water recharged back into those aquifers benefits all Californians, not just farmers. This research is critical to creating more sustainable water resources in California and core to the California almond community’s commitment to continuous improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: By your calculations, how much water does it take to grow an almond? And in what other ways is an almond used, besides for the nut itself?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waycott: All food takes water to grow and the water needed to grow an almond tree is similar to that of other fruit and nut trees in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water used to grow an almond actually grows four products: The kernel you eat, which is protected by a hull and a shell, as well as the tree. The trees store carbon and are transformed into electricity at the end of their lives; the shells become livestock bedding; and the hulls are nutritious dairy feed, reducing the water needed to grow other feed crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond farmers are committed to finding even more innovative new uses of almond coproducts that can support California in creating a genuine bioeconomy where every byproduct is an input for another valuable product. Current research is exploring using almond hull and shell components as growing medium for mushroom cultivation, producing feed sources for poultry, plastic additives for strength and color, soil amendments for almonds and other crops, supplemental winter food sources for honey bees, and even for brewing beer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Acreage of almonds planted in California has increased in recent years, with some percentage of this replacing annual crops. Is there a point at which, from a market or water standpoint, there’s an unsustainable number of acres?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waycott: Over the past several years, California as a whole has seen increased plantings of perennial crops – things like fruit trees, nuts and vines – which generally have higher associated values than annual crops. While some have suggested that the shift toward higher-value perennial crops has led to an increase in agricultural water use, according to the California Department of Water Resources the total amount of agricultural water has held steady since 2000 and actually declined over a longer period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you take a look at our crop specifically, almonds grow on 17 percent of California’s irrigated farmland, but they use only 11 percent of the water California devotes to growing food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the most efficient place to grow almonds on the planet. In addition to its ideal Mediterranean climate – essential to growing almonds – California’s Central Valley is home to rich soils, natural resources and infrastructure, and innovative research and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economically, California grows more than 80 percent of the world’s almond supply, which creates a comparative advantage, creating value not just for farmers but for Californians as a whole. According to the California Agricultural Issues Center, the California almond community delivers significant economic value to the state, supporting 104,000 jobs across California and contributing $11 billion to California’s \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GDP.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/10/15/in-california-prop-3-is-a-billion-dollar-fix-for-stubborn-water-woes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "extreme-heat-killed-14-people-in-the-bay-area-last-year-10-takeaways-from-our-investigation",
"title": "Extreme Heat Killed 14 People in the Bay Area Last Year. 11 Takeaways From Our Investigation",
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"headTitle": "Extreme Heat Killed 14 People in the Bay Area Last Year. 11 Takeaways From Our Investigation | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even in cool, coastal California, extreme heat sickens and kills people. In 2017, extreme heat killed 14 people in the Bay Area. Over Labor Day weekend, six alone died in San Francisco. The heat also sent hundreds more to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, August, and September this summer, we measured heat in 31 homes, in four counties, across the state. We found that in every home, it was hotter inside than outside—even after the sun went down—depriving people of the ability to cool off at night. Within two decades, scientists predict extremely hot days in the Bay Area three to four times more often than in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”oJAJo2PJKOeSiJfOGf8FqnAK2wJsJkZb”]Heat waves don’t have to end in death; heat illness is preventable. But no rules require doctors to track it. Nothing in landlord-tenant law establishes a broad right to cooling. No laws set standards for local responses when temperatures spike, even though climate change means warmer nights and more intense heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-driven heat isn’t simply sending more people to hospitals. It’s changing our relationships to the built environment, through big decisions and little ones. And as systems evolve, Californians are mostly on their own as they try to cope with a familiar, but growing, danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Even 85 degrees can be dangerous for Bay Area residents.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPeople who live in cooler climates can get heat sick at lower temperatures, partly because they can’t adjust quickly. And nighttime temperatures are rising, depriving people of the ability to cool down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. ‘It takes almost two weeks for your body to acclimate to the heat.’\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nNaveena Bobba is the deputy director of public health for San Francisco. She says because heat waves tend to come and go in a matter of days in the Bay Area—far too quickly for the body to acclimatize—that means heat continues to build up in the body day after day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Cities and counties aren’t sure of the best actions to protect people.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Right now, unfortunately, we don’t know” whether cooling centers, text alerts or targeted messaging works, says Arizona State University climatologist David Hondula. “We have hunches about what works, and those hunches are probably not totally wrong, but it would be really nice to validate those hunches with some some data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Heat illness itself is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and undertracked.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSymptoms get missed: at home, people may not associate symptoms with heat exhaustion; in emergency rooms, doctors unfamiliar with heat stroke may take time to diagnose it. Beyond that, asthma, lung trouble and heart disease worsen, and complications from diabetes and obesity are more frequent when temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Heat illness and death are preventable.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEven undercounted, heat kills more people each year than any other disaster. But unlike earthquakes or fast-moving fires, heat can be forecasted by weather experts. Public health officials can issue warnings, and communities can set up ways to check on vulnerable people and cool them down. Cities and counties can promote cool rooftops through ordinances, plant more trees, and work with building owners to seek retrofit funding for double-paned windows or insulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Despite an abundance of solutions, Californians are on their own.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany of the ideas that could help reduce the health risk for Californians are not close to the top of the agenda for policymakers. Many Bay Area counties haven’t updated their emergency plans to account for the warming from climate change. Finally, health departments have little funding to address heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cstrong>7. Heat risk deepens the divide between the “cool haves” and the “hot have nots.”\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nVery old and very young people are the most vulnerable. So are people on certain medications, and who have pre-existing conditions. Environmental and social conditions also raise risks for poorer people, for people without air conditioning, among Latino and Black communities, and in segregated cities, which tend to have less in the way of tree canopy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. Of Bay Area residents who died in last year’s heat, 79 percent began to get sick at home.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOfficial statistics are at least a year from being public, so we asked counties for unofficial totals, pulled death certificates and requested coroner’s reports. Of 14 people who died in the heat waves last year, 11 began to have symptoms at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. Homes where we placed sensors stayed too hot to allow people to recover from heat.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nHomes we tested in Contra Costa and Santa Clara counties got hotter inside than out, and held onto heat longer. At night, houses might be 15-20 degrees warmer than outside. That’s a problem for people who can’t afford or don’t have air conditioning, says the Public Health Institute’s Linda Rudolph. “When the nighttime temperatures don’t go down, which is what’s increasingly happening with climate change, it’s harder for them to get that kind of physiological rest period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lpCK4/4/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. Air conditioning helps, but may be out of reach.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nInvestor-owned utilities including PG&E are adopting “time-of-use” pricing, to charge for electricity based on when demand peaks, which is late afternoon. According to sensors we placed in homes, that’s exactly when homes start to overheat. UCLA sustainability researcher Stephanie Pincetl says this pricing plan will make cooling older residences more expensive for people who already can’t afford their bills. “Really what we need to do is have much better buildings,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11. Glassy new condo or beat-up hotel—neither are made for heat.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAccording to a San Francisco Department of Public Health analysis, expensive newer condos and older Single Room Occupancy high-rises around Market that once catered to seafarers and gold prospectors are both poorly-designed for a warming world. Our measurement of SROs found they were all significantly hotter than outside, all of the time. Residents told us heat left them few options: head to the basement, or leave the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Amel Ahmed contributed research and reporting to this story. This reporting is supported by a grant from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Heat kills more people each year than any other disaster. But heat deaths are preventable. Unlike earthquakes or fast-moving fires, heat is something we can predict.\r\n",
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"title": "Extreme Heat Killed 14 People in the Bay Area Last Year. 11 Takeaways From Our Investigation | KQED",
"description": "Heat kills more people each year than any other disaster. But heat deaths are preventable. Unlike earthquakes or fast-moving fires, heat is something we can predict.\r\n",
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"headline": "Extreme Heat Killed 14 People in the Bay Area Last Year. 11 Takeaways From Our Investigation",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even in cool, coastal California, extreme heat sickens and kills people. In 2017, extreme heat killed 14 people in the Bay Area. Over Labor Day weekend, six alone died in San Francisco. The heat also sent hundreds more to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, August, and September this summer, we measured heat in 31 homes, in four counties, across the state. We found that in every home, it was hotter inside than outside—even after the sun went down—depriving people of the ability to cool off at night. Within two decades, scientists predict extremely hot days in the Bay Area three to four times more often than in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Heat waves don’t have to end in death; heat illness is preventable. But no rules require doctors to track it. Nothing in landlord-tenant law establishes a broad right to cooling. No laws set standards for local responses when temperatures spike, even though climate change means warmer nights and more intense heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-driven heat isn’t simply sending more people to hospitals. It’s changing our relationships to the built environment, through big decisions and little ones. And as systems evolve, Californians are mostly on their own as they try to cope with a familiar, but growing, danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Even 85 degrees can be dangerous for Bay Area residents.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPeople who live in cooler climates can get heat sick at lower temperatures, partly because they can’t adjust quickly. And nighttime temperatures are rising, depriving people of the ability to cool down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. ‘It takes almost two weeks for your body to acclimate to the heat.’\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nNaveena Bobba is the deputy director of public health for San Francisco. She says because heat waves tend to come and go in a matter of days in the Bay Area—far too quickly for the body to acclimatize—that means heat continues to build up in the body day after day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Cities and counties aren’t sure of the best actions to protect people.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Right now, unfortunately, we don’t know” whether cooling centers, text alerts or targeted messaging works, says Arizona State University climatologist David Hondula. “We have hunches about what works, and those hunches are probably not totally wrong, but it would be really nice to validate those hunches with some some data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Heat illness itself is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and undertracked.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSymptoms get missed: at home, people may not associate symptoms with heat exhaustion; in emergency rooms, doctors unfamiliar with heat stroke may take time to diagnose it. Beyond that, asthma, lung trouble and heart disease worsen, and complications from diabetes and obesity are more frequent when temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Heat illness and death are preventable.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEven undercounted, heat kills more people each year than any other disaster. But unlike earthquakes or fast-moving fires, heat can be forecasted by weather experts. Public health officials can issue warnings, and communities can set up ways to check on vulnerable people and cool them down. Cities and counties can promote cool rooftops through ordinances, plant more trees, and work with building owners to seek retrofit funding for double-paned windows or insulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Despite an abundance of solutions, Californians are on their own.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany of the ideas that could help reduce the health risk for Californians are not close to the top of the agenda for policymakers. Many Bay Area counties haven’t updated their emergency plans to account for the warming from climate change. Finally, health departments have little funding to address heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Heat risk deepens the divide between the “cool haves” and the “hot have nots.”\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nVery old and very young people are the most vulnerable. So are people on certain medications, and who have pre-existing conditions. Environmental and social conditions also raise risks for poorer people, for people without air conditioning, among Latino and Black communities, and in segregated cities, which tend to have less in the way of tree canopy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. Of Bay Area residents who died in last year’s heat, 79 percent began to get sick at home.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOfficial statistics are at least a year from being public, so we asked counties for unofficial totals, pulled death certificates and requested coroner’s reports. Of 14 people who died in the heat waves last year, 11 began to have symptoms at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. Homes where we placed sensors stayed too hot to allow people to recover from heat.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nHomes we tested in Contra Costa and Santa Clara counties got hotter inside than out, and held onto heat longer. At night, houses might be 15-20 degrees warmer than outside. That’s a problem for people who can’t afford or don’t have air conditioning, says the Public Health Institute’s Linda Rudolph. “When the nighttime temperatures don’t go down, which is what’s increasingly happening with climate change, it’s harder for them to get that kind of physiological rest period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lpCK4/4/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. Air conditioning helps, but may be out of reach.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nInvestor-owned utilities including PG&E are adopting “time-of-use” pricing, to charge for electricity based on when demand peaks, which is late afternoon. According to sensors we placed in homes, that’s exactly when homes start to overheat. UCLA sustainability researcher Stephanie Pincetl says this pricing plan will make cooling older residences more expensive for people who already can’t afford their bills. “Really what we need to do is have much better buildings,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11. Glassy new condo or beat-up hotel—neither are made for heat.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAccording to a San Francisco Department of Public Health analysis, expensive newer condos and older Single Room Occupancy high-rises around Market that once catered to seafarers and gold prospectors are both poorly-designed for a warming world. Our measurement of SROs found they were all significantly hotter than outside, all of the time. Residents told us heat left them few options: head to the basement, or leave the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Amel Ahmed contributed research and reporting to this story. This reporting is supported by a grant from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "From SNL to Trump: 10 Different Takes on the Terrifying U.N. Climate Report",
"headTitle": "From SNL to Trump: 10 Different Takes on the Terrifying U.N. Climate Report | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Remember when the eminent scientist Jor-El \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUmMeS2c4Uw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warned\u003c/a> the council of Krypton that the planet would explode, and sooner rather than later? And they didn’t believe him, but it happened anyway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pardon my glib intro, but you have to reach into the world of comic books to describe the kind of global catastrophic negligence the recently released \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.N. climate report\u003c/a> has now put on the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While out of Krypton’s misfortune the Earth at least gained a Superman, no such luck here in the non-comic book world. The U.N. report, produced by 91 scientists from 40 countries, analyzes more than 6,000 studies and concludes this: Unless the world radically changes the way it uses energy, its populations are going to be beset by climate-driven crises as early as 2040. The consequences include coastal flooding, food shortages, extreme heat, increased wildfire, and millions upon millions of climate refugees. In other words, like now but much, much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has been written about the report and its implications. Here are excerpts from 10 of the more interesting takes we found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/article/scientists-calmly-explain-that-civilization-is-at-stake-if-we-dont-act-now/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>U.N. climate report shows civilization is at stake if we don’t act now\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (Eric Holthaus, Grist)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As daunting as all this seems, the alternative — ignoring this report, continuing about our lives as if it didn’t happen — is madness. This isn’t just a science report. This is a few hundred of the world’s best scientists screaming (in terrifyingly politely worded specificity) for the world to step up. By every available measure, this is something we simply must do. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the words of the report itself, although “there is no documented historic precedent” for the scale of changes that would be necessary, the world has briefly achieved such rapid change at regional levels during previous times of great crisis — like, during World War II or in the midst of the energy crisis of the 1970s. In this new era of climate consequences, quite simply, every idea matters; every individual action has meaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.popsci.com/climate-change-report-hope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The terrifying new climate change report has one silver lining\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>(Erin Blakemore, Popular Science)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feel tired already? Don’t give up, says [Rutgers associate professor of media studies] Lauren Feldman. “I think fatalism has to be accepted and understood to some degree,” says Feldman. “Certainly, Americans are going to ask what they can really do here. They can put pressure on industry. They can put pressure on government. Individuals can make a difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronting the enormity of climate change—and the huge detour we’re going to have to take to stop it—can be scary. But as a planet, we’re in control of our own destinies. That’s very good news… if we’re willing to rise to the challenge. “This is really bad, but it doesn’t have to be as bad,” says [University of Chicago geophysical sciences professor David] Archer. “The story has yet to be written.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/10/un-says-climate-genocide-coming-but-its-worse-than-that.html\">UN Says Climate Genocide Is Coming. It’s Actually Worse Than That.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> (David Wallace-Wells, New York Magazine)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barring the arrival of dramatic new carbon-sucking technologies, which are so far from scalability at present that they are best described as fantasies of industrial absolution, it will not be possible to keep warming below two degrees Celsius — the level the new report describes as a climate catastrophe. As a planet, we are coursing along a trajectory that brings us north of four degrees by the end of the century. The IPCC is right that two degrees marks a world of climate catastrophe. Four degrees is twice as bad as that. And that is where we are headed, at present — a climate hell twice as hellish as the one the IPCC says, rightly, we must avoid at all costs. But the real meaning of the report is not “climate change is much worse than you think,” because anyone who knows the state of the research will find nothing surprising in it. The real meaning is, “you now have permission to freak out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as a year ago, when I published \u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/07/climate-change-earth-too-hot-for-humans.html\">a magazine cover story\u003c/a> exploring worst-case scenarios for climate change, alarmism of this kind was considered anathema to many scientists, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/doomsday-scenarios-are-as-harmful-as-climate-change-denial/2017/07/12/880ed002-6714-11e7-a1d7-9a32c91c6f40_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.21f14fb70c92\">who believed that storytelling that focused on the scary possibilities was just as damaging to public engagement as denial.\u003c/a> There have been a few scary developments in climate research over the past year — more methane \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/arctic-permafrost-lakes-bubbling-methane-nasa-1119624\">from Arctic lakes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcn.org/issues/50.3/an-unfrozen-north\">permafrost\u003c/a> than expected, which could accelerate warming; \u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/07/climate-change-wildfires-heatwave-media-old-news-end-of-the-world.html\">an unprecedented heat wave, arctic wildfires, and hurricanes rolling through both of the world’s major oceans this past summer\u003c/a>. But by and large the consensus is the same: We are on track for four degrees of warming, more than twice as much as most scientists believe is possible to endure without inflicting climate suffering on hundreds of millions or threatening at least parts of the social and political infrastructure we call, grandly, “civilization.” The only thing that changed, this week, is that the scientists, finally, have hit the panic button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07oe1m67eik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SNL Weekend Update\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> (Michael Che)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07oe1m67eik&ab_channel=SaturdayNightLive\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t get me wrong, I 100 percent believe in climate change. Yet, I’m willing to do absolutely nothing about it. I mean, we’re all gonna lose the planet; we should be sad, right? This whole episode should be like a telethon or something, but it’s not. I think it’s because they keep telling us we’re gonna lose everything, and nobody cares about everything. people only care about some things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like, if Fox News reported that in 2030, climate change is gonna take away all the flags from confederate statues, there’d be recycling bins outside of every Cracker Barrel and Dick’s Sporting goods. … You want white woman to care about the environment? Tell them that they don’t do something about climate change, they’re gonna lose all the yarn. White woman love yarn …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/gabfest/2018/10/the_political_gabfest_discusses_the_dire_new_climate_change_report_the_claim.html\">\u003cstrong>Slate Political Gabfest\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (David Plotz, Emily Bazalon, John Dickerson)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bazalon: I have never seen anyone talk about 2040 in these terms; I have never heard about this kind of dire consequence in my own lifetime, and i wonder if it could have the power to change how we think. Except that the immediate reaction to the report has not generated any of that, and we’re obviously still in this incredibly polarized moment, in which, unfortunately, climate change, like many other things, has been a dividing line between Democrats and Republicans in the United States. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plotz: I’ve reached the point that this is a collective-action problem which is actually insoluble, that there is no possible way that the world can muster the political will and the sacrifice required to make the changes that are necessary. That we will keep burning these fuels until it is cheaper not to. And therefore … we can’t look to politics to solve it. … I think the time and energy we spend seeking a political solution would be better spent saying we need massive funding for R-and-D, massive funding for energy experimentation, massive funding for ways to make alternative fuels cheaper and thus more attractive in the marketplace. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dickerson: I think the question is: Are sensible measures possible in the current American political climate on this particular question, where sensible is defined as the acts that you would take to ameliorate the effects of something that the president doesn’t believe exists, or he believes that trying to combat will only hurt all of the constituencies he cares about. And we should also mention of course that the Koch brothers actively fund politicians who take positions that are opposite of any kind of collective action that would be taken to ameliorate this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-full-interview-60-minutes-transcript-lesley-stahl-2018-10-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>President Trump responds to the climate change report\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (Donald Trump and Lesley Stahl, 60 Minutes)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: Do you still think that climate change is a hoax?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> I think something’s happening. Something’s changing and it’ll change back again. I don’t think it’s a hoax, I think there’s probably a difference. But I don’t know that it’s manmade. I will say this. I don’t wanna give trillions and trillions of dollars. I don’t wanna lose millions and millions of jobs. I don’t wanna be put at a disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: I wish you could go to Greenland, watch these huge chunks of ice just falling into the ocean, raising the sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: And you don’t know whether or not that would have happened with or without man. You don’t know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: Well, your scientists, your scientists–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: No, we have–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: At NOAA and NASA–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: We have scientists that disagree with that. … I’m not denying climate change. But it could very well go back. You know, we’re talkin’ about over a millions–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: But that’s denying it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: –of years. They say that we had hurricanes that were far worse than what we just had with Michael.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: Who says that? “They say”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: People say. People say that in the–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: Yeah, but what about the scientists who say it’s worse than ever?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: You’d have to show me the scientists because they have a very big political agenda, Lesley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: I can’t bring them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: Look, scientists also have a political agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/opinion/trump-climate-change-deniers-republican.html\">Donald and the Deadly Deniers\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> (Paul Krugman, NY Times)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">Climate change is a hoax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">Climate change is happening, but it’s not man-made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">Climate change is man-made, but doing anything about it would destroy jobs and kill economic growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">These are the stages of climate denial. Or maybe it’s wrong to call them stages, since the deniers never really give up an argument, no matter how thoroughly it has been refuted by evidence. They’re better described as \u003ca class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/08/obamacare-and-the-cockroaches/\">cockroach ideas\u003c/a> — false claims you may think you’ve gotten rid of, but keep coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/16/opinion/climate-change-warming-technology.html\">\u003cstrong>Fixing the Climate Requires More Than Technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, NY Times)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">We can still do this. According to the new report, emissions from fossil fuels must be \u003ca class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/07/climate/ipcc-climate-report-2040.html?module=inline\">phased out by 2050\u003c/a>, so there is still time to get this job done. But here’s the catch: None of the major technological transformations of the 19th and 20th centuries were the product of the private sector acting alone and responding only to the market. Railroads, radio, telegraph, telephone, electricity and the internet were all the result of public-private partnerships. None was delivered by the “invisible hand” of the marketplace. All involved significant interventions by the visible hand of government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">What does this mean for us? Right now, government is widely seen as inefficient and ineffective, and our needs are thought to be best addressed by the private sector, through entrepreneurship, venture capital and Silicon Valley-style “disruption.” But unless we acknowledge the need for a substantial government role, we are going to be stuck, because change driven solely by the marketplace is unlikely to suffice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-isnt-the-media-covering-climate-change-all-day-every-day/2018/10/16/91fef576-d09d-11e8-8c22-fa2ef74bd6d6_story.html?utm_term=.fd823d73fc13\">Why isn’t the media covering climate change all day, every day\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>(Katrina vanden Heuvel. Washington Post)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \u003ca title=\"www.ipcc.ch\" href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/\">published a watershed report \u003c/a>on climate change, warning that a bigger crisis could come sooner than we thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, The \u003ca title=\"www.washingtonpost.com\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/10/08/world-has-only-years-get-climate-change-under-control-un-scientists-say/\">Post\u003c/a> and the \u003ca title=\"www.nytimes.com\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/08/us/politics/climate-change-united-nations-trump.html\">New York Times\u003c/a> ran front-page articles with the news as well as analyses and reactions about the report over the days that followed. But if you flipped on your television, you likely didn’t hear much, if anything, about it. You might have heard about President Trump’s latest rally or Kanye West’s visit to the White House, but this earth-shattering story was buried. As Politico’s Dan Diamond \u003ca title=\"mobile.twitter.com\" href=\"https://mobile.twitter.com/ddiamond/status/1051559774565863424\">tweeted \u003c/a>Sunday, “The landmark report has essentially disappeared from the news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@maryheglar/when-climate-change-broke-my-heart-and-forced-me-to-grow-up-dcffc8d763b8\">\u003cstrong>When Climate Change Broke My Heart and Forced Me to Grow Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (Mary Annaïse Heglar, Medium)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether we admit it or not, we’re all in the middle of one big, giant mourning process. We’re mourning our futures. We’re mourning the children we’re afraid to have. Our bucket lists. Our travel plans. Some of us are mourning homes already lost to fires or flood. Or savings accounts wiped out helping relatives recover from hurricanes. Some of us are mourning our todays, even our yesterdays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"f9fd\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Denial is part of the traditional mourning process, but we have collectively spent way too long there. It’s time to snap out of it.Given the sheer enormity of climate change, it makes sense to be depressed. It makes sense to bargain. It’s okay. But, please, don’t stay there too long. Join me in anger. Pure, unadulterated anger. Righteous anger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The recently released report described a world beset by climate-driven crises as early as 2040. From President Trump to SNL, here are some of the more interesting takes on the news.",
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"description": "The recently released report described a world beset by climate-driven crises as early as 2040. From President Trump to SNL, here are some of the more interesting takes on the news.",
"title": "From SNL to Trump: 10 Different Takes on the Terrifying U.N. Climate Report | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Remember when the eminent scientist Jor-El \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUmMeS2c4Uw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warned\u003c/a> the council of Krypton that the planet would explode, and sooner rather than later? And they didn’t believe him, but it happened anyway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pardon my glib intro, but you have to reach into the world of comic books to describe the kind of global catastrophic negligence the recently released \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.N. climate report\u003c/a> has now put on the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While out of Krypton’s misfortune the Earth at least gained a Superman, no such luck here in the non-comic book world. The U.N. report, produced by 91 scientists from 40 countries, analyzes more than 6,000 studies and concludes this: Unless the world radically changes the way it uses energy, its populations are going to be beset by climate-driven crises as early as 2040. The consequences include coastal flooding, food shortages, extreme heat, increased wildfire, and millions upon millions of climate refugees. In other words, like now but much, much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has been written about the report and its implications. Here are excerpts from 10 of the more interesting takes we found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/article/scientists-calmly-explain-that-civilization-is-at-stake-if-we-dont-act-now/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>U.N. climate report shows civilization is at stake if we don’t act now\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (Eric Holthaus, Grist)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As daunting as all this seems, the alternative — ignoring this report, continuing about our lives as if it didn’t happen — is madness. This isn’t just a science report. This is a few hundred of the world’s best scientists screaming (in terrifyingly politely worded specificity) for the world to step up. By every available measure, this is something we simply must do. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the words of the report itself, although “there is no documented historic precedent” for the scale of changes that would be necessary, the world has briefly achieved such rapid change at regional levels during previous times of great crisis — like, during World War II or in the midst of the energy crisis of the 1970s. In this new era of climate consequences, quite simply, every idea matters; every individual action has meaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.popsci.com/climate-change-report-hope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The terrifying new climate change report has one silver lining\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>(Erin Blakemore, Popular Science)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feel tired already? Don’t give up, says [Rutgers associate professor of media studies] Lauren Feldman. “I think fatalism has to be accepted and understood to some degree,” says Feldman. “Certainly, Americans are going to ask what they can really do here. They can put pressure on industry. They can put pressure on government. Individuals can make a difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronting the enormity of climate change—and the huge detour we’re going to have to take to stop it—can be scary. But as a planet, we’re in control of our own destinies. That’s very good news… if we’re willing to rise to the challenge. “This is really bad, but it doesn’t have to be as bad,” says [University of Chicago geophysical sciences professor David] Archer. “The story has yet to be written.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/10/un-says-climate-genocide-coming-but-its-worse-than-that.html\">UN Says Climate Genocide Is Coming. It’s Actually Worse Than That.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> (David Wallace-Wells, New York Magazine)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barring the arrival of dramatic new carbon-sucking technologies, which are so far from scalability at present that they are best described as fantasies of industrial absolution, it will not be possible to keep warming below two degrees Celsius — the level the new report describes as a climate catastrophe. As a planet, we are coursing along a trajectory that brings us north of four degrees by the end of the century. The IPCC is right that two degrees marks a world of climate catastrophe. Four degrees is twice as bad as that. And that is where we are headed, at present — a climate hell twice as hellish as the one the IPCC says, rightly, we must avoid at all costs. But the real meaning of the report is not “climate change is much worse than you think,” because anyone who knows the state of the research will find nothing surprising in it. The real meaning is, “you now have permission to freak out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as a year ago, when I published \u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/07/climate-change-earth-too-hot-for-humans.html\">a magazine cover story\u003c/a> exploring worst-case scenarios for climate change, alarmism of this kind was considered anathema to many scientists, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/doomsday-scenarios-are-as-harmful-as-climate-change-denial/2017/07/12/880ed002-6714-11e7-a1d7-9a32c91c6f40_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.21f14fb70c92\">who believed that storytelling that focused on the scary possibilities was just as damaging to public engagement as denial.\u003c/a> There have been a few scary developments in climate research over the past year — more methane \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/arctic-permafrost-lakes-bubbling-methane-nasa-1119624\">from Arctic lakes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcn.org/issues/50.3/an-unfrozen-north\">permafrost\u003c/a> than expected, which could accelerate warming; \u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/07/climate-change-wildfires-heatwave-media-old-news-end-of-the-world.html\">an unprecedented heat wave, arctic wildfires, and hurricanes rolling through both of the world’s major oceans this past summer\u003c/a>. But by and large the consensus is the same: We are on track for four degrees of warming, more than twice as much as most scientists believe is possible to endure without inflicting climate suffering on hundreds of millions or threatening at least parts of the social and political infrastructure we call, grandly, “civilization.” The only thing that changed, this week, is that the scientists, finally, have hit the panic button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07oe1m67eik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SNL Weekend Update\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> (Michael Che)\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/07oe1m67eik'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/07oe1m67eik'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Don’t get me wrong, I 100 percent believe in climate change. Yet, I’m willing to do absolutely nothing about it. I mean, we’re all gonna lose the planet; we should be sad, right? This whole episode should be like a telethon or something, but it’s not. I think it’s because they keep telling us we’re gonna lose everything, and nobody cares about everything. people only care about some things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like, if Fox News reported that in 2030, climate change is gonna take away all the flags from confederate statues, there’d be recycling bins outside of every Cracker Barrel and Dick’s Sporting goods. … You want white woman to care about the environment? Tell them that they don’t do something about climate change, they’re gonna lose all the yarn. White woman love yarn …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/gabfest/2018/10/the_political_gabfest_discusses_the_dire_new_climate_change_report_the_claim.html\">\u003cstrong>Slate Political Gabfest\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (David Plotz, Emily Bazalon, John Dickerson)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bazalon: I have never seen anyone talk about 2040 in these terms; I have never heard about this kind of dire consequence in my own lifetime, and i wonder if it could have the power to change how we think. Except that the immediate reaction to the report has not generated any of that, and we’re obviously still in this incredibly polarized moment, in which, unfortunately, climate change, like many other things, has been a dividing line between Democrats and Republicans in the United States. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plotz: I’ve reached the point that this is a collective-action problem which is actually insoluble, that there is no possible way that the world can muster the political will and the sacrifice required to make the changes that are necessary. That we will keep burning these fuels until it is cheaper not to. And therefore … we can’t look to politics to solve it. … I think the time and energy we spend seeking a political solution would be better spent saying we need massive funding for R-and-D, massive funding for energy experimentation, massive funding for ways to make alternative fuels cheaper and thus more attractive in the marketplace. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dickerson: I think the question is: Are sensible measures possible in the current American political climate on this particular question, where sensible is defined as the acts that you would take to ameliorate the effects of something that the president doesn’t believe exists, or he believes that trying to combat will only hurt all of the constituencies he cares about. And we should also mention of course that the Koch brothers actively fund politicians who take positions that are opposite of any kind of collective action that would be taken to ameliorate this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-full-interview-60-minutes-transcript-lesley-stahl-2018-10-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>President Trump responds to the climate change report\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (Donald Trump and Lesley Stahl, 60 Minutes)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: Do you still think that climate change is a hoax?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> I think something’s happening. Something’s changing and it’ll change back again. I don’t think it’s a hoax, I think there’s probably a difference. But I don’t know that it’s manmade. I will say this. I don’t wanna give trillions and trillions of dollars. I don’t wanna lose millions and millions of jobs. I don’t wanna be put at a disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: I wish you could go to Greenland, watch these huge chunks of ice just falling into the ocean, raising the sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: And you don’t know whether or not that would have happened with or without man. You don’t know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: Well, your scientists, your scientists–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: No, we have–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: At NOAA and NASA–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: We have scientists that disagree with that. … I’m not denying climate change. But it could very well go back. You know, we’re talkin’ about over a millions–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: But that’s denying it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: –of years. They say that we had hurricanes that were far worse than what we just had with Michael.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: Who says that? “They say”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: People say. People say that in the–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: Yeah, but what about the scientists who say it’s worse than ever?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: You’d have to show me the scientists because they have a very big political agenda, Lesley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lesley Stahl: I can’t bring them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump: Look, scientists also have a political agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/opinion/trump-climate-change-deniers-republican.html\">Donald and the Deadly Deniers\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> (Paul Krugman, NY Times)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">Climate change is a hoax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">Climate change is happening, but it’s not man-made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">Climate change is man-made, but doing anything about it would destroy jobs and kill economic growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">These are the stages of climate denial. Or maybe it’s wrong to call them stages, since the deniers never really give up an argument, no matter how thoroughly it has been refuted by evidence. They’re better described as \u003ca class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/08/obamacare-and-the-cockroaches/\">cockroach ideas\u003c/a> — false claims you may think you’ve gotten rid of, but keep coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/16/opinion/climate-change-warming-technology.html\">\u003cstrong>Fixing the Climate Requires More Than Technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, NY Times)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">We can still do this. According to the new report, emissions from fossil fuels must be \u003ca class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/07/climate/ipcc-climate-report-2040.html?module=inline\">phased out by 2050\u003c/a>, so there is still time to get this job done. But here’s the catch: None of the major technological transformations of the 19th and 20th centuries were the product of the private sector acting alone and responding only to the market. Railroads, radio, telegraph, telephone, electricity and the internet were all the result of public-private partnerships. None was delivered by the “invisible hand” of the marketplace. All involved significant interventions by the visible hand of government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">What does this mean for us? Right now, government is widely seen as inefficient and ineffective, and our needs are thought to be best addressed by the private sector, through entrepreneurship, venture capital and Silicon Valley-style “disruption.” But unless we acknowledge the need for a substantial government role, we are going to be stuck, because change driven solely by the marketplace is unlikely to suffice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-isnt-the-media-covering-climate-change-all-day-every-day/2018/10/16/91fef576-d09d-11e8-8c22-fa2ef74bd6d6_story.html?utm_term=.fd823d73fc13\">Why isn’t the media covering climate change all day, every day\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>(Katrina vanden Heuvel. Washington Post)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \u003ca title=\"www.ipcc.ch\" href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/\">published a watershed report \u003c/a>on climate change, warning that a bigger crisis could come sooner than we thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, The \u003ca title=\"www.washingtonpost.com\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/10/08/world-has-only-years-get-climate-change-under-control-un-scientists-say/\">Post\u003c/a> and the \u003ca title=\"www.nytimes.com\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/08/us/politics/climate-change-united-nations-trump.html\">New York Times\u003c/a> ran front-page articles with the news as well as analyses and reactions about the report over the days that followed. But if you flipped on your television, you likely didn’t hear much, if anything, about it. You might have heard about President Trump’s latest rally or Kanye West’s visit to the White House, but this earth-shattering story was buried. As Politico’s Dan Diamond \u003ca title=\"mobile.twitter.com\" href=\"https://mobile.twitter.com/ddiamond/status/1051559774565863424\">tweeted \u003c/a>Sunday, “The landmark report has essentially disappeared from the news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@maryheglar/when-climate-change-broke-my-heart-and-forced-me-to-grow-up-dcffc8d763b8\">\u003cstrong>When Climate Change Broke My Heart and Forced Me to Grow Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> (Mary Annaïse Heglar, Medium)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether we admit it or not, we’re all in the middle of one big, giant mourning process. We’re mourning our futures. We’re mourning the children we’re afraid to have. Our bucket lists. Our travel plans. Some of us are mourning homes already lost to fires or flood. Or savings accounts wiped out helping relatives recover from hurricanes. Some of us are mourning our todays, even our yesterdays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"f9fd\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Denial is part of the traditional mourning process, but we have collectively spent way too long there. It’s time to snap out of it.Given the sheer enormity of climate change, it makes sense to be depressed. It makes sense to bargain. It’s okay. But, please, don’t stay there too long. Join me in anger. Pure, unadulterated anger. Righteous anger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports",
"headTitle": "Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of U.S. coal and natural gas to Asia, as officials seek to bolster the domestic energy industry and circumvent environmental opposition to fossil fuel exports.[contextly_sidebar id=”HLFT3mMJBwwrOznEAKSusXIYv23zeA3V”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal was described to The Associated Press by Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke and two Republican lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would advance the administration’s agenda of establishing American “energy dominance” on the world stage and underscores a willingness to intervene in markets to make that happen. It’s also tantamount to an end-run around West Coast officials who have rejected private-sector efforts to build new coal ports in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Democratic senator from Oregon and environmentalists blasted the proposal as undercutting local communities opposed to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The Associated Press, Zinke cast it as a matter of national security to ensure U.S. allies have access to affordable fuels. The Trump administration also has cited national security as justification for keeping domestic coal-burning power plants online to prevent disruptions of electricity supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear which sites are under consideration other than one in Alaska. Experts said the possibilities are constrained by the need for a deep water port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said the administration is interested in partnering with private entities to ship coal or liquefied natural gas through naval installations or other federal facilities. He added it’s still early in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I respect the state of Washington and Oregon and California,” Zinke said. “But also, it’s in our interest for national security and our allies to make sure that they have access to affordable energy commodities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accomplishing that, he said, may require the use of “some of our naval facilities, some of our federal facilities on the West Coast.”[contextly_sidebar id=”MZZ7tbY6HfMQTYGBpVoala32jlCIvCVO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke specified only one site that could serve as an export hub, for natural gas: the former Adak Naval Air Facility in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, which he suggested could receive fuel by barge from the North Slope. The base closed in 1997 and has been largely abandoned. Roughly 300 people live in the town of Adak, the westernmost community in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke did not reveal government properties that could serve as potential coal ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden said the Trump administration was “disregarding the realities around climate change” and “trampling on local communities” that have rejected prior port proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal government should be doing more to invest in clean, renewable energy, not threatening the health and safety of Oregonians by propping up dirty energy investors,” the Democratic lawmaker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups including the Sierra Club and Northern Plains Resource Council also voiced opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The military is not a roving force to do whatever Trump finds politically expedient,” said Jan Hasselman, an attorney for opponents of a stalled coal port in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exports have been held up as a lifeline for struggling domestic coal miners since demand for the fuel started to wane a decade ago, when many power plants switched to cheaper, cleaner fuels. The West Coast offers the most economical route for shipments to Asia because of its relative proximity to the largest coal-producing region in the U.S.: the Powder River Basin, which straddles the Montana-Wyoming border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any export site would need access to deep waters to accommodate large ships and enough land to store fuel awaiting shipment. Few such locations can be found on the West Coast, said Joe Aldina, a coal industry analyst with S&P Global Platts Analytics.[contextly_sidebar id=”06XqO8w46Yx4b81CQwVMvMHoe3ZNJSpl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. coal export market booming in recent months, Aldina said any new port established by the government would quickly fill with coal for shipment overseas. Yet with demand expected to fall over the long-term, particularly in Europe, the current high prices for coal are expected to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldina expressed skepticism that government intervention could make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like everything else the Trump administration has tried to do, it’s a long shot whether some of these things will work, and it’s questionable whether they will really help the market,” he said, adding prices and fuel quality are the main drivers of coal markets, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance to exports — rooted in worries about air pollution, climate change and rail safety — and changing market conditions have resulted in six proposed coal ports in Washington and Oregon being rejected or shelved. A $680 million project in Longview, Washington, was denied a key permit last year by state regulators who said it would increase greenhouse gas emissions and cause “significant and unavoidable harm to the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s brought a backlash from elected officials in coal-producing states, who have blasted Washington Gov. Jay Inslee in particular. They argue the rejection of the Longview port, sponsored by Utah-based Lighthouse Resources, violated the commerce clause in the Constitution that says only Congress has the power to regulate international and interstate trade.Montana, Wyoming and four other states joined Lighthouse Resources in a lawsuit challenging the rejection of the company’s Millennium Bulk Terminals port, which could handle up to 48.5 million tons (44 million metric tons) of coal a year.Rep. Liz Cheney, a Wyoming Republican, said she’s spoken with Zinke and U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry about using federal facilities to circumvent opposition to proposed ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That might be, for example, retired military facilities or other places where we would be able to use those for exports — frankly, to get around some of the unreasonable obstacles that have been thrown up,” Cheney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to joining Trump’s cabinet, Zinke was a Montana congressman and Perry was governor of Texas. Both states are among the United States’ top coal producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross also was involved in the proposal.[contextly_sidebar id=”xd1psNfHt0LPuLCmnPpm1HoL9GmoVxL0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Department officials said in a statement that the agency was working with the Interior and Energy Departments “to advance the Administration’s export agenda, and this is one such effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy Department officials declined comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican U.S. Sen. Steve Daines of Montana said Zinke was looking at “all possibilities” for export terminals, including West Coast military installations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a Montanan, he’s looking for ways here to help these Rocky Mountain states like Montana and Wyoming get access to Asian markets,” Daines said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal exports to Asia more than doubled in 2017, according to the Energy Information Administration. The rise continued in the first half of 2018 with almost 23 million tons of U.S. coal exported to Asian nations through June. South Korea, Japan and China were among the biggest recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those increases, the U.S. holds only a small share of the more than 1 billion tons of coal shipped annually by sea. Clark Williams-Derry with the Sightline Institute, a left-leaning think tank based in Seattle, said there’s little chance of that changing in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re bit players on the global stage,” Williams-Derry said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of U.S. coal and natural gas to Asia, as officials seek to bolster the domestic energy industry and circumvent environmental opposition to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal was described to The Associated Press by Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke and two Republican lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would advance the administration’s agenda of establishing American “energy dominance” on the world stage and underscores a willingness to intervene in markets to make that happen. It’s also tantamount to an end-run around West Coast officials who have rejected private-sector efforts to build new coal ports in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Democratic senator from Oregon and environmentalists blasted the proposal as undercutting local communities opposed to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The Associated Press, Zinke cast it as a matter of national security to ensure U.S. allies have access to affordable fuels. The Trump administration also has cited national security as justification for keeping domestic coal-burning power plants online to prevent disruptions of electricity supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear which sites are under consideration other than one in Alaska. Experts said the possibilities are constrained by the need for a deep water port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said the administration is interested in partnering with private entities to ship coal or liquefied natural gas through naval installations or other federal facilities. He added it’s still early in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I respect the state of Washington and Oregon and California,” Zinke said. “But also, it’s in our interest for national security and our allies to make sure that they have access to affordable energy commodities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accomplishing that, he said, may require the use of “some of our naval facilities, some of our federal facilities on the West Coast.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke specified only one site that could serve as an export hub, for natural gas: the former Adak Naval Air Facility in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, which he suggested could receive fuel by barge from the North Slope. The base closed in 1997 and has been largely abandoned. Roughly 300 people live in the town of Adak, the westernmost community in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke did not reveal government properties that could serve as potential coal ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden said the Trump administration was “disregarding the realities around climate change” and “trampling on local communities” that have rejected prior port proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal government should be doing more to invest in clean, renewable energy, not threatening the health and safety of Oregonians by propping up dirty energy investors,” the Democratic lawmaker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups including the Sierra Club and Northern Plains Resource Council also voiced opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The military is not a roving force to do whatever Trump finds politically expedient,” said Jan Hasselman, an attorney for opponents of a stalled coal port in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exports have been held up as a lifeline for struggling domestic coal miners since demand for the fuel started to wane a decade ago, when many power plants switched to cheaper, cleaner fuels. The West Coast offers the most economical route for shipments to Asia because of its relative proximity to the largest coal-producing region in the U.S.: the Powder River Basin, which straddles the Montana-Wyoming border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any export site would need access to deep waters to accommodate large ships and enough land to store fuel awaiting shipment. Few such locations can be found on the West Coast, said Joe Aldina, a coal industry analyst with S&P Global Platts Analytics.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. coal export market booming in recent months, Aldina said any new port established by the government would quickly fill with coal for shipment overseas. Yet with demand expected to fall over the long-term, particularly in Europe, the current high prices for coal are expected to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldina expressed skepticism that government intervention could make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like everything else the Trump administration has tried to do, it’s a long shot whether some of these things will work, and it’s questionable whether they will really help the market,” he said, adding prices and fuel quality are the main drivers of coal markets, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance to exports — rooted in worries about air pollution, climate change and rail safety — and changing market conditions have resulted in six proposed coal ports in Washington and Oregon being rejected or shelved. A $680 million project in Longview, Washington, was denied a key permit last year by state regulators who said it would increase greenhouse gas emissions and cause “significant and unavoidable harm to the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s brought a backlash from elected officials in coal-producing states, who have blasted Washington Gov. Jay Inslee in particular. They argue the rejection of the Longview port, sponsored by Utah-based Lighthouse Resources, violated the commerce clause in the Constitution that says only Congress has the power to regulate international and interstate trade.Montana, Wyoming and four other states joined Lighthouse Resources in a lawsuit challenging the rejection of the company’s Millennium Bulk Terminals port, which could handle up to 48.5 million tons (44 million metric tons) of coal a year.Rep. Liz Cheney, a Wyoming Republican, said she’s spoken with Zinke and U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry about using federal facilities to circumvent opposition to proposed ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That might be, for example, retired military facilities or other places where we would be able to use those for exports — frankly, to get around some of the unreasonable obstacles that have been thrown up,” Cheney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to joining Trump’s cabinet, Zinke was a Montana congressman and Perry was governor of Texas. Both states are among the United States’ top coal producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross also was involved in the proposal.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Department officials said in a statement that the agency was working with the Interior and Energy Departments “to advance the Administration’s export agenda, and this is one such effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy Department officials declined comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican U.S. Sen. Steve Daines of Montana said Zinke was looking at “all possibilities” for export terminals, including West Coast military installations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a Montanan, he’s looking for ways here to help these Rocky Mountain states like Montana and Wyoming get access to Asian markets,” Daines said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal exports to Asia more than doubled in 2017, according to the Energy Information Administration. The rise continued in the first half of 2018 with almost 23 million tons of U.S. coal exported to Asian nations through June. South Korea, Japan and China were among the biggest recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those increases, the U.S. holds only a small share of the more than 1 billion tons of coal shipped annually by sea. Clark Williams-Derry with the Sightline Institute, a left-leaning think tank based in Seattle, said there’s little chance of that changing in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Jurors To San Francisco Judge: Don’t Throw Out Our Monsanto Verdict",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jurors who found that agribusiness giant Monsanto’s Roundup weed killer contributed to a school groundskeeper’s cancer are urging a San Francisco judge not to throw out the bulk of their $289 million award in his favor, a newspaper reported Monday.[contextly_sidebar id=”EKosTPJ32MCtohsYwZ7BRPRkfvGZJpxC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juror Gary Kitahata told Judge Suzanne Bolanos in a letter that the jury was convinced by the evidence, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Monsanto-case-Jurors-urge-judge-not-to-overturn-13309317.php?src=hp_totn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I urge you to respect and honor our verdict and the six weeks of our lives that we dedicated to this trial,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juror Robert Howard wrote to the judge that the jury had paid “studious attention” to the evidence and any decision to overturn its verdict would shake his confidence in the judicial system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolanos said last week she is inclined to throw out $250 million in punitive damages in favor of DeWayne Johnson. She is also considering dramatically reducing the remaining award. Her final decision is due by Oct. 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto, which was acquired by Bayer AG in June, has asked the judge to override the jury’s decision and enter judgment in its favor or order a new trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer AG in a statement on Monday thanked the jury for its “important public service,” but said the “post-trial motions in the Johnson case raise issues of law that are properly addressed by Judge Bolanos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson sprayed Roundup and a similar product, Ranger Pro, at his job as a pest control manager at a San Francisco Bay Area school district, according to his attorneys. He was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2014 at age 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lawsuit is among hundreds alleging Roundup caused cancer, but it was the first one to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many government regulators have rejected a link between glyphosate — the active ingredient in Roundup — and cancer. Monsanto has vehemently denied such a connection, saying hundreds of studies have established that glyphosate is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury in August determined that Monsanto should have provided a label warning of a potential health hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/dewayne-johnson-jury-289m-roundup-cancer-suit-court/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a tentative order last week\u003c/a>, Bolanos said Johnson’s attorneys had failed to show Monsanto acted with “malice or oppression” — a prerequisite for punitive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard told the Chronicle testimony at trial showed there were “serious questions” about the safety of Roundup when the company gave it to Johnson’s employer.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jurors who found that agribusiness giant Monsanto’s Roundup weed killer contributed to a school groundskeeper’s cancer are urging a San Francisco judge not to throw out the bulk of their $289 million award in his favor, a newspaper reported Monday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juror Gary Kitahata told Judge Suzanne Bolanos in a letter that the jury was convinced by the evidence, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Monsanto-case-Jurors-urge-judge-not-to-overturn-13309317.php?src=hp_totn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I urge you to respect and honor our verdict and the six weeks of our lives that we dedicated to this trial,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juror Robert Howard wrote to the judge that the jury had paid “studious attention” to the evidence and any decision to overturn its verdict would shake his confidence in the judicial system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolanos said last week she is inclined to throw out $250 million in punitive damages in favor of DeWayne Johnson. She is also considering dramatically reducing the remaining award. Her final decision is due by Oct. 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto, which was acquired by Bayer AG in June, has asked the judge to override the jury’s decision and enter judgment in its favor or order a new trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer AG in a statement on Monday thanked the jury for its “important public service,” but said the “post-trial motions in the Johnson case raise issues of law that are properly addressed by Judge Bolanos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson sprayed Roundup and a similar product, Ranger Pro, at his job as a pest control manager at a San Francisco Bay Area school district, according to his attorneys. He was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2014 at age 42.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lawsuit is among hundreds alleging Roundup caused cancer, but it was the first one to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many government regulators have rejected a link between glyphosate — the active ingredient in Roundup — and cancer. Monsanto has vehemently denied such a connection, saying hundreds of studies have established that glyphosate is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury in August determined that Monsanto should have provided a label warning of a potential health hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/dewayne-johnson-jury-289m-roundup-cancer-suit-court/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a tentative order last week\u003c/a>, Bolanos said Johnson’s attorneys had failed to show Monsanto acted with “malice or oppression” — a prerequisite for punitive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard told the Chronicle testimony at trial showed there were “serious questions” about the safety of Roundup when the company gave it to Johnson’s employer.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Add beer to chocolate , coffee and wine as some of life’s little pleasures that global warming will make scarcer and costlier, scientists say.[contextly_sidebar id=”zzT3lWI26yz5xgv2ZvJZ1O2UY5TtQ7Tc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasing bouts of extreme heat waves and drought will hurt production of barley, a key beer ingredient, in the future. Losses of barley yield can be as much as 17 percent, an international group of researchers estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means beer prices on average would double, even adjusting for inflation, according to the study in Monday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/nplants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature Plants\u003c/a> . In countries like Ireland, where cost of a brew is already high, prices could triple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come a week after a dire United Nations report described consequences of dangerous levels of climate change including worsening food and water shortages, heat waves, sea level rise, and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study co-author Steve Davis of the University of California, Irvine, said the beer research was partly done to drive home the not-that-palatable message that climate change is messing with all sorts of aspects of our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several scientists who weren’t part of this study said it was sound and perhaps more effective way of communicating the dangers of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the greatest challenges as a scientist doing research on climate change and food is to illustrate it in a way that people can understand,” U.S. Department of Agriculture scientist Lewis Ziska said in an email. Few people would complain if global warming ruined Brussels sprouts, he added.[contextly_sidebar id=”FzHq0B5JObj9OZHFHMNuOkCzGJTyfWY6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long known that barley “is one of the most heat-sensitive crops globally,” but this study connects that to something that people care about — the price of beer — so it’s valuable, said David Lobell, a Stanford University agriculture ecologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis, an IPA fan, is one of those people who care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a paper born of love and fear,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldwide barley is used for all sorts of purposes, mostly feeding livestock. Less than 20 percent of the world’s barley is made into beer. But in the United States, Brazil and China, at least two-thirds of the barley goes into six-packs, drafts, kegs, cans and bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"DFPSlot\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"google_ads_iframe_15786418/APNews/site/article/midarticle2_0__container__\">Davis and colleagues looked only at the combination of heat waves and drought, not the general warming that also should affect where barley is grown.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If emissions of heat-trapping gases from the burning of coal, oil and gas continue at the current rising pace, the likelihood of weather conditions hurting barley production will increase from about once a decade before 2050 to once every other year by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several scientists who weren’t part of this study said it was sound and perhaps more effective way of communicating the dangers of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the greatest challenges as a scientist doing research on climate change and food is to illustrate it in a way that people can understand,” U.S. Department of Agriculture scientist Lewis Ziska said in an email. Few people would complain if global warming ruined Brussels sprouts, he added.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long known that barley “is one of the most heat-sensitive crops globally,” but this study connects that to something that people care about — the price of beer — so it’s valuable, said David Lobell, a Stanford University agriculture ecologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis, an IPA fan, is one of those people who care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a paper born of love and fear,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldwide barley is used for all sorts of purposes, mostly feeding livestock. Less than 20 percent of the world’s barley is made into beer. But in the United States, Brazil and China, at least two-thirds of the barley goes into six-packs, drafts, kegs, cans and bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"DFPSlot\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"google_ads_iframe_15786418/APNews/site/article/midarticle2_0__container__\">Davis and colleagues looked only at the combination of heat waves and drought, not the general warming that also should affect where barley is grown.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If emissions of heat-trapping gases from the burning of coal, oil and gas continue at the current rising pace, the likelihood of weather conditions hurting barley production will increase from about once a decade before 2050 to once every other year by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Despite what President Donald Trump says, scientists have long known that what’s warming the planet isn’t natural. It’s us.[contextly_sidebar id=”NmFjwzurnMX6m9u9Vt9D4L0w1Thy66MX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They even have the energy balance sheets accounting for changes in the climate to prove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump’s own White House put out a\u003ca href=\"https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/\"> science report\u003c/a> last year concluding that “the likely range of the human contribution to the global mean temperature increase over the period 1951-2010 is 1.1 to 1.4 F.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On “60 Minutes” Sunday, Trump said, “something is changing and it’ll change back again. I don’t think it’s a hoax. I think there’s probably a difference. But I don’t know that it’s man-made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists say Trump was wrong. There are several ways they know that more than 90 percent of climate change is caused by emissions of heat-trapping gases from activities like burning coal and natural gas for electricity, or burning gasoline, diesel and jet fuel for transportation. In other words, humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists have been hammering governments with the evidence for several decades, and it’s incontrovertible,” Princeton University climate scientist Michael Oppenheimer said. “Humans are causing most of the warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Energy Balance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have calculated Earth’s energy balance, tracking the energy that comes in and goes out, said Stanford University climate scientist Noah Diffenbaugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have measured the heat coming into Earth’s system from different sources, relying on satellite data for the past 38 years and other, less direct measurements before then. Those sources include the sun and natural changes in the sun’s energy, and volcanic eruptions that bring heat from the Earth’s crust. Human sources include greenhouse gases, air pollution like soot, and changes in land use that release and absorb carbon.[contextly_sidebar id=”WZF34fWHU0GXVjCOeqkacEcytNntIYoT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The natural components put together have changed global temperatures — but only a tiny amount. They account for between two-tenths of a degree of cooling and two-tenths of a degree of warming, the 2017 national science report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The national science report concluded that humans caused at least 93 percent of the warming that scientists measured from 1951 to 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the natural effects could have possibly produced the warming that has been seen, they said. But “if you include effect of greenhouse gases, everything matches up,” said University of Illinois climate scientist Donald Wuebbles, one of the chief authors of the 2017 report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Way the Earth Warms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world has warmed in exactly the way physics has predicted, what Oppenhiemer calls the “Cadillac piece of evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a world warmed by greenhouse gases, physicists predicted that the air about 6 miles (10 kilometers) up would cool. And it \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GlobalWarming/page4.php\">has\u003c/a> , Oppenheimer said. Had the warming been from the changes in the sun’s energy, that upper air wouldn’t cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change theory also predicted that the poles would warm faster than the rest of the Earth. That too has happened, said Columbia University climate scientist Adam Sobel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another fingerprint that implicates human activity: The world’s much warmer \u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/\">oceans\u003c/a> , Sobel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Physics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greenhouse effect is no mystery. It was demonstrated nearly two centuries ago. Engineers have harnessed its effects — it helped the U.S. Air Force develop heat-seeking missiles. And it makes Earth livable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s simply that certain gasses, including carbon dioxide and water vapor, \u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trap\u003c/a> heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without it, much more of the sun’s heat would evaporate into space — Earth’s average temperature would be about -1 degrees (-18 Celsius). With the greenhouse effect it is a comfortable 59 degrees (15 Celsius).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will it Change Back?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Earth’s climate could “change back again,” as President Trump suggested — if humans drastically and permanently cut back emissions of greenhouse emissions. The problem is, Trump is taking steps that will increase emissions, such as from burning more coal, not decrease them.[contextly_sidebar id=”6eyJ9aLriqhUzNrMvYCHDnyhwRgFenI9″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump’s moves, changes in climate will not be reversed, they will intensify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathie Dello, a climate scientist at Oregon State University, calls Trump’s misinformation ‘dangerous.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like jumping off a cliff and hoping that gravity just doesn’t exist anymore,” she said. “That’s what we’re doing by denying the basic science behind climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
