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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project was governed by a conglomerate of Bay Area water agencies, including the Alameda County Water District, East Bay Municipal Utility District, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, Valley Water and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, Allen said, those agencies pulled back on their requests for storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went from being oversubscribed to being undersubscribed, and pretty significantly in a short period of time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies also disagreed on who should shoulder any additional costs. Contra Costa Water District thought it should be the partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d already built the original reservoir,” Allen said. “The expansion was to the benefit of the partners. And so those costs would have been directed at the partners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were definitely some challenges and issues that came up around that concept,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Vaqueros Reservoir underwent a previous expansion that was completed in 2012, which expanded storage from 100,000 to 160,000 acre-feet. This second phase would have expanded the reservoir to 275,000 acre-feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news comes as Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration works to expand reservoir capacity in the state, including the Sites Reservoir in the Sacramento Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are projects that will address our state’s biggest challenges faster, and the Sites Reservoir is fully representative of that goal – making sure Californians have access to clean drinking water and making sure we’re more resilient against future droughts,” Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2023/11/06/governor-newsom-streamlines-major-water-storage-project/\">said in a statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen, the Contra Costa Water District spokesperson, said agencies are starting to look at other ways to fortify the Bay Area’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though we don’t see a path for this project to move forward, we are still dedicated to working with partners to look at regional solutions,” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/kmonahan\">Katherine Monahan\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Summer might be over for most parts of the U.S., with the heat slowly dissipating and cooler temperatures taking over, making way for the new season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many of us in the San Francisco Bay Area, warmer days are just beginning. And\u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/autumn-equinox-2024\"> as the fall equinox arrives\u003c/a>, you might find yourself still longing for that sense of autumn that brisk, cool temperatures can bring — or just the kind of fall vibes that you’re seeing others enjoying in places like the East Coast on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for us in the Bay Area, not only can you \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842295/where-to-see-fall-foliage-in-the-bay-area#:~:text=Coccia%20particularly%20recommends%20the%20Matt,the%20green%22%3A%20poison%20oak.\"> find gorgeous fall foliage\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/130377/5-bay-area-places-to-fall-into-autumn\">cider-serving apple farms\u003c/a> all around Northern California, but access to trails with picturesque views — suitable for warm \u003cem>or\u003c/em> cool temperatures — is also readily available for your autumnal enjoyment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on to learn more about why San Francisco’s fall can sometimes feel like summer, and find recommendations for parks and trails you can explore to escape the heat. (And for when it does eventually get chillier around the Bay Area, we’ve got a few ideas on where you can find warmer temperatures, too.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#coolfallspots\">Where to find cool fall hikes and sightseeing during the Bay Area’s “second summer”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Fall: When San Francisco really warms up\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/CvapEYbh43j/\">Fogust. \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/Chiwm1LDREb/\">No-sky July. June Gloom. May Gray.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever pet name you may have for San Francisco’s highly variable conditions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11827882/why-does-the-bay-area-have-so-many-microclimates\">this city’s temperatures are so unique due to there being so many microclimates\u003c/a>. The proximity to the Pacific Ocean, different terrains and the effects of urban heat islands are just some of the reasons for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, September and October are the most pleasant, warm, and generally fog-free months. That’s also when it’s most common for San Francisco to experience heat waves, \u003ca href=\"https://ggweather.com/sf/top%2020%20temp.html\">which on rare occasions can push north of 100 degrees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the hottest time of the year for San Francisco is actually not until \u003cem>after\u003c/em> the autumn equinox. \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ggweather/status/1828795957980639383\">The average warmest day of the year for our dear foggy city is October 2 \u003c/a>with a temperature of 70.6 degrees, according to Jan Null, a meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the Central Valley and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12001249/what-are-heat-islands-and-where-are-they-in-the-bay-area\">California,\u003c/a> July and August are when temperatures peak and folks experience the hottest day of the year. Livermore’s warmest day of the year is on July 20 with a whopping 89.4 degrees, and San José’s is on August 26 at 82.9 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else would you like to read a guide to?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Why the Bay Area is behind on summer’s schedule\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, we live in a Mediterranean climate, a climate with a combination of hot, dry summers and mild wet winters, according to Null. “A fairly unique area as far as temperature goes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32640\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32640\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-400x430.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-800x859.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-960x1031.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fog settles over San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate Bridge, Coit Tower and the Bay Bridge visible in the distance. \u003ccite>(Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the summertime, the Bay Area is dominated by an area of high pressure over the state’s coastline called the \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=north+pacific+high\">North Pacific High\u003c/a>. In the Central Valley, on the other hand, where the sun heats the valley floor, hot air rises and creates an area of low pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11953167,news_11910495,news_11953853' label='Related coverage']Air flows from an area of high pressure to low pressure, it forms what we know as the Bay Area’s sea breeze. “We’ve been kept cool by the sea breeze and natural air conditioning from the ocean all through the summer,” said Null.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall, the sun’s path gradually shifts farther south as we approach the equinox, and that North Pacific High pressure becomes less dominant. The marine layer fades and our natural air conditioning — that nice sea breeze — either lessens or goes away. At this point, winds can sometimes blow in reverse, from the interior to the coast bringing hot, dry air also known as the \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=Diablo%20wind\">Diablo wind \u003c/a>— Northern California’s version of the Santa Ana winds that rip across the southern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How will climate change impact the Bay Area’s ‘second summer’?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coastal area temperatures are dictated by ocean temperatures. And while the ocean is warming off the coast of California, it isn’t warming \u003cem>enough\u003c/em> to dramatically change the summertime weather pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For San Francisco, the average fall day may be a bit warmer — but not excessively so, said Michael Wehner, a senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My fearless prediction is that fall will remain its nicest weather,” joked Wehner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wehner says that we should caution that little is known about how coastal fog will change, if at all, as the planet warms. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/14/climate/san-francisco-fog.html\">research suggests that fog is decreasing in California but the reasons aren’t entirely clear\u003c/a>. And there are other climate threats facing the Bay Area, namely \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983106/map-more-than-5000-toxic-sites-along-sf-bay-are-threatened-by-rising-groundwater-new-study-finds\">sea level rise\u003c/a> and much more \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983299/san-franciscos-aging-infrastructure-isnt-ready-for-its-wetter-future\">intense winter storms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of tall redwood trees seen towering above.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park. Sprawling forest featuring redwood groves and rare wildlife, plus trails, picnic areas and campsites. \u003ccite>(John Hudson Photography/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"coolfallspots\">\u003c/a>I want to find cool temperatures for true fall vibes. Where can I go in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Think: coastal, shaded, elevated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time of year, if you want to escape the heat, the best place to go is toward the coast rather than inland. Even though we’re warming up on the coast without as much fog, we’re still surrounded by a “big pool of water” called the Pacific Ocean with temperatures that are in the 60s, says Null.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null recommends that if you’re looking to escape the heat in search of some brisk fall temperatures, you should hit the coast — like areas in Marin County — or go to higher elevations, like in the foothills of the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Divya Konda is founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/weekendwanderersinc/\">Weekend Wanderers Inc., \u003c/a>a social media space recommending different hikes around the Bay Area. And for chillier fall hikes, Konda recommends heading over to Marin County to places like \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/index.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982266\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982266\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Point Reyes National Seashore from Chimney Rock trail at sunset in the winter of 2021. \u003ccite>(Conrad J Camit/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To enjoy some of the best redwood trails in the Bay Area, Konda also suggests heading over to \u003ca href=\"https://www.openspace.org/preserves/purisima-creek-redwoods\">Purisma Creek Redwoods\u003c/a>. And on the Peninsula, Konda recommends \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/cowell-purisima-trail\">Cowell Purisima Coastal trail\u003c/a>, a pleasant ocean-side trail that’s best enjoyed on a clear day. “The gentle breeze and the ocean views are easy to fall in love with,” says Konda. While you’re on the Peninsula, \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=531\">Half Moon Bay State Beach\u003c/a> is another great spot to find cool coastal trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the South Bay, Konda recommends another hidden gem that the locals love: The \u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/sanborn-creek-trail\">Sanborn Creek Trail\u003c/a>, that’ll take you by the bustling creek, and is completely shaded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the East Bay, a favorite among Bay Area residents and a recommendation by Konda to escape the heat is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/reinhardt-redwood\">Reinhardt Regional Park\u003c/a>. Most of these redwoods are second- or third-generation redwoods and the park offers some great trails to hike, says Konda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These recommendations might be great places to visit to escape the heat, but of course they’re also hiking gems that can be enjoyed throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to go to find warmer weather?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A little later in the fall in November, when cooler, autumnal temperatures finally hit the Bay Area, you might then be looking to spend time in warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the warmer spots in or near the Bay Area, Null advises, are farther away from the coast into the \u003ca href=\"https://visittrivalley.com/things-to-do/outdoor/\">Tri-Valley area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more inland you go, the warmer the temperatures will be. Some recommendations are to go inland into the lower peninsula for hikes at places like \u003ca href=\"https://www.openspace.org/preserves/russian-ridge\">Russian Ridge Preserve\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=538\">Castle Rock State Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also want to stick to lower elevations and trails more exposed to the sun (but don’t forget that sunscreen!). \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/11vb4el/best_day_hikes_in_bay_area/\">Redditors\u003c/a> also recommend trails that involve ridges and peaks when the weather is clear and warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on September 22, 2023.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else would you like information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site, and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The science behind the Bay Area's 'second summer,' and the best local hikes to escape the heat and find cooler temperatures near you. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Summer might be over for most parts of the U.S., with the heat slowly dissipating and cooler temperatures taking over, making way for the new season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many of us in the San Francisco Bay Area, warmer days are just beginning. And\u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/autumn-equinox-2024\"> as the fall equinox arrives\u003c/a>, you might find yourself still longing for that sense of autumn that brisk, cool temperatures can bring — or just the kind of fall vibes that you’re seeing others enjoying in places like the East Coast on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for us in the Bay Area, not only can you \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842295/where-to-see-fall-foliage-in-the-bay-area#:~:text=Coccia%20particularly%20recommends%20the%20Matt,the%20green%22%3A%20poison%20oak.\"> find gorgeous fall foliage\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/130377/5-bay-area-places-to-fall-into-autumn\">cider-serving apple farms\u003c/a> all around Northern California, but access to trails with picturesque views — suitable for warm \u003cem>or\u003c/em> cool temperatures — is also readily available for your autumnal enjoyment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on to learn more about why San Francisco’s fall can sometimes feel like summer, and find recommendations for parks and trails you can explore to escape the heat. (And for when it does eventually get chillier around the Bay Area, we’ve got a few ideas on where you can find warmer temperatures, too.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#coolfallspots\">Where to find cool fall hikes and sightseeing during the Bay Area’s “second summer”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Fall: When San Francisco really warms up\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/CvapEYbh43j/\">Fogust. \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/Chiwm1LDREb/\">No-sky July. June Gloom. May Gray.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever pet name you may have for San Francisco’s highly variable conditions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11827882/why-does-the-bay-area-have-so-many-microclimates\">this city’s temperatures are so unique due to there being so many microclimates\u003c/a>. The proximity to the Pacific Ocean, different terrains and the effects of urban heat islands are just some of the reasons for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, September and October are the most pleasant, warm, and generally fog-free months. That’s also when it’s most common for San Francisco to experience heat waves, \u003ca href=\"https://ggweather.com/sf/top%2020%20temp.html\">which on rare occasions can push north of 100 degrees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the hottest time of the year for San Francisco is actually not until \u003cem>after\u003c/em> the autumn equinox. \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ggweather/status/1828795957980639383\">The average warmest day of the year for our dear foggy city is October 2 \u003c/a>with a temperature of 70.6 degrees, according to Jan Null, a meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the Central Valley and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12001249/what-are-heat-islands-and-where-are-they-in-the-bay-area\">California,\u003c/a> July and August are when temperatures peak and folks experience the hottest day of the year. Livermore’s warmest day of the year is on July 20 with a whopping 89.4 degrees, and San José’s is on August 26 at 82.9 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else would you like to read a guide to?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Why the Bay Area is behind on summer’s schedule\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, we live in a Mediterranean climate, a climate with a combination of hot, dry summers and mild wet winters, according to Null. “A fairly unique area as far as temperature goes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32640\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32640\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-400x430.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-800x859.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/1024px-San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays-960x1031.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fog settles over San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate Bridge, Coit Tower and the Bay Bridge visible in the distance. \u003ccite>(Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the summertime, the Bay Area is dominated by an area of high pressure over the state’s coastline called the \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=north+pacific+high\">North Pacific High\u003c/a>. In the Central Valley, on the other hand, where the sun heats the valley floor, hot air rises and creates an area of low pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Air flows from an area of high pressure to low pressure, it forms what we know as the Bay Area’s sea breeze. “We’ve been kept cool by the sea breeze and natural air conditioning from the ocean all through the summer,” said Null.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall, the sun’s path gradually shifts farther south as we approach the equinox, and that North Pacific High pressure becomes less dominant. The marine layer fades and our natural air conditioning — that nice sea breeze — either lessens or goes away. At this point, winds can sometimes blow in reverse, from the interior to the coast bringing hot, dry air also known as the \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=Diablo%20wind\">Diablo wind \u003c/a>— Northern California’s version of the Santa Ana winds that rip across the southern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How will climate change impact the Bay Area’s ‘second summer’?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coastal area temperatures are dictated by ocean temperatures. And while the ocean is warming off the coast of California, it isn’t warming \u003cem>enough\u003c/em> to dramatically change the summertime weather pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For San Francisco, the average fall day may be a bit warmer — but not excessively so, said Michael Wehner, a senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My fearless prediction is that fall will remain its nicest weather,” joked Wehner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wehner says that we should caution that little is known about how coastal fog will change, if at all, as the planet warms. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/14/climate/san-francisco-fog.html\">research suggests that fog is decreasing in California but the reasons aren’t entirely clear\u003c/a>. And there are other climate threats facing the Bay Area, namely \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983106/map-more-than-5000-toxic-sites-along-sf-bay-are-threatened-by-rising-groundwater-new-study-finds\">sea level rise\u003c/a> and much more \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983299/san-franciscos-aging-infrastructure-isnt-ready-for-its-wetter-future\">intense winter storms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of tall redwood trees seen towering above.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park. Sprawling forest featuring redwood groves and rare wildlife, plus trails, picnic areas and campsites. \u003ccite>(John Hudson Photography/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"coolfallspots\">\u003c/a>I want to find cool temperatures for true fall vibes. Where can I go in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Think: coastal, shaded, elevated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time of year, if you want to escape the heat, the best place to go is toward the coast rather than inland. Even though we’re warming up on the coast without as much fog, we’re still surrounded by a “big pool of water” called the Pacific Ocean with temperatures that are in the 60s, says Null.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null recommends that if you’re looking to escape the heat in search of some brisk fall temperatures, you should hit the coast — like areas in Marin County — or go to higher elevations, like in the foothills of the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Divya Konda is founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/weekendwanderersinc/\">Weekend Wanderers Inc., \u003c/a>a social media space recommending different hikes around the Bay Area. And for chillier fall hikes, Konda recommends heading over to Marin County to places like \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/index.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982266\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982266\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1332868867-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Point Reyes National Seashore from Chimney Rock trail at sunset in the winter of 2021. \u003ccite>(Conrad J Camit/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To enjoy some of the best redwood trails in the Bay Area, Konda also suggests heading over to \u003ca href=\"https://www.openspace.org/preserves/purisima-creek-redwoods\">Purisma Creek Redwoods\u003c/a>. And on the Peninsula, Konda recommends \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/cowell-purisima-trail\">Cowell Purisima Coastal trail\u003c/a>, a pleasant ocean-side trail that’s best enjoyed on a clear day. “The gentle breeze and the ocean views are easy to fall in love with,” says Konda. While you’re on the Peninsula, \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=531\">Half Moon Bay State Beach\u003c/a> is another great spot to find cool coastal trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the South Bay, Konda recommends another hidden gem that the locals love: The \u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/sanborn-creek-trail\">Sanborn Creek Trail\u003c/a>, that’ll take you by the bustling creek, and is completely shaded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the East Bay, a favorite among Bay Area residents and a recommendation by Konda to escape the heat is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/reinhardt-redwood\">Reinhardt Regional Park\u003c/a>. Most of these redwoods are second- or third-generation redwoods and the park offers some great trails to hike, says Konda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These recommendations might be great places to visit to escape the heat, but of course they’re also hiking gems that can be enjoyed throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to go to find warmer weather?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A little later in the fall in November, when cooler, autumnal temperatures finally hit the Bay Area, you might then be looking to spend time in warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the warmer spots in or near the Bay Area, Null advises, are farther away from the coast into the \u003ca href=\"https://visittrivalley.com/things-to-do/outdoor/\">Tri-Valley area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more inland you go, the warmer the temperatures will be. Some recommendations are to go inland into the lower peninsula for hikes at places like \u003ca href=\"https://www.openspace.org/preserves/russian-ridge\">Russian Ridge Preserve\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=538\">Castle Rock State Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also want to stick to lower elevations and trails more exposed to the sun (but don’t forget that sunscreen!). \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/11vb4el/best_day_hikes_in_bay_area/\">Redditors\u003c/a> also recommend trails that involve ridges and peaks when the weather is clear and warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on September 22, 2023.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else would you like information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site, and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s the first full day of fall, and pumpkin patches are popping up around the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a>. But the crisp, cool air of autumn that usually accompanies fall activities will disappear for a few days this week as temperatures are forecast to spike in inland parts of the Bay Area and the Sacramento Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is easily the warmest part of our month, but the heat we’re seeing is a little higher than our seasonal average,” said Dial Hoang, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service has issued a heat advisory through Monday at 8 p.m. for the interior East Bay, South Bay and Santa Cruz Mountains. Another heat advisory begins Tuesday at 11 a.m. for the East Bay hills and interior valleys and ends in the evening. Forecasters expect places like Livermore, Concord and Cloverdale to reach close to 100 degrees — 15 to 20 degrees above the seasonal average — and Sacramento to reach the triple digits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoang said temperatures in San Francisco could spike into the 80s, which San Franciscans are used to in what many call the start of the city’s summer. Temperatures in San José could peak in the 90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We encourage people to drink plenty of water, try to avoid outdoor activities during the afternoon and evening hours, and never leave children or pets unattended in vehicles,” said Hoang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1838179992242442706\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sudden shift in temperature isn’t odd for this time of year. Forecasters said the warm-up is caused by a high-pressure system rotating counterclockwise north of the state and a low-pressure system spinning clockwise above Southern California. As these two systems spin, they push wind from onshore toward the ocean and decrease the amount of cooling coastal fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1994454 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/054_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther inland in the Sacramento Valley and the Sierra Nevada foothills, highs could reach into the triple digits, said Kate Forrest, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Sacramento office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Temperatures might get a little steamy before we see a cooldown,” she said. “We also have some elevated fire weather concerns today and tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forrest expects temperatures to be five to 10 degrees higher than the seasonal average in the Sacramento region. But the heat across Northern California will be short-lived — at least for now — because late Tuesday, a sea breeze will likely begin to drop temperatures by around 10 degrees along the coast and five degrees inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heat could return. As fall deepens, Forrest said the region is in a period of above-normal temperatures, “potentially even into the early first week of October.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "It’s the first full day of fall, but temperatures across much of the inland Bay Area could be up to 20 degrees above average. Forecasters expect the heat to be short-lived — for now.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s the first full day of fall, and pumpkin patches are popping up around the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a>. But the crisp, cool air of autumn that usually accompanies fall activities will disappear for a few days this week as temperatures are forecast to spike in inland parts of the Bay Area and the Sacramento Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is easily the warmest part of our month, but the heat we’re seeing is a little higher than our seasonal average,” said Dial Hoang, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service has issued a heat advisory through Monday at 8 p.m. for the interior East Bay, South Bay and Santa Cruz Mountains. Another heat advisory begins Tuesday at 11 a.m. for the East Bay hills and interior valleys and ends in the evening. Forecasters expect places like Livermore, Concord and Cloverdale to reach close to 100 degrees — 15 to 20 degrees above the seasonal average — and Sacramento to reach the triple digits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoang said temperatures in San Francisco could spike into the 80s, which San Franciscans are used to in what many call the start of the city’s summer. Temperatures in San José could peak in the 90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We encourage people to drink plenty of water, try to avoid outdoor activities during the afternoon and evening hours, and never leave children or pets unattended in vehicles,” said Hoang.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The sudden shift in temperature isn’t odd for this time of year. Forecasters said the warm-up is caused by a high-pressure system rotating counterclockwise north of the state and a low-pressure system spinning clockwise above Southern California. As these two systems spin, they push wind from onshore toward the ocean and decrease the amount of cooling coastal fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther inland in the Sacramento Valley and the Sierra Nevada foothills, highs could reach into the triple digits, said Kate Forrest, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Sacramento office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Temperatures might get a little steamy before we see a cooldown,” she said. “We also have some elevated fire weather concerns today and tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forrest expects temperatures to be five to 10 degrees higher than the seasonal average in the Sacramento region. But the heat across Northern California will be short-lived — at least for now — because late Tuesday, a sea breeze will likely begin to drop temperatures by around 10 degrees along the coast and five degrees inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heat could return. As fall deepens, Forrest said the region is in a period of above-normal temperatures, “potentially even into the early first week of October.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "marin-city-has-long-felt-its-flooding-woes-were-neglected-thats-about-to-change",
"title": "Marin City Has Long Felt Its Flooding Woes Were Neglected. That’s About to Change",
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"content": "\u003cp>Marin City is one step closer to a solution for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1980525/it-comes-to-race-marin-city-residents-demand-flood-protections\">floodwaters that often block the neighborhood’s only entrance and exit\u003c/a> after the federal government formalized a partnership with local advocates to completely fund a potential fix of up to $13.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the unincorporated Marin County community — a bowl of a town sandwiched between steep mountains and Highway 101, just 5 miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge — have advocated for solutions for decades. But with a historic Black population and generations’ worth of concerns over racial inequities, many have long felt neglected by government officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are lining up, and all I know is that too many folks have to walk through all of this contaminated water,” said Terrie Harris-Green, executive director of Marin City Climate Resilience and Health Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green’s nonprofit and the Marin City Community Services District, where she sits as a board member, submitted a proposal to a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers program that will pay the total cost of selected small public works projects. The proposal was \u003ca href=\"https://www.usace.army.mil/Media/News/NewsSearch/Article/3890408/\">one of a dozen nationwide\u003c/a> — and the only one in California — to be chosen out of a pool of 196.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the Corps walked Marin City with community members to discuss the flooding issues and next steps, knowing that other agencies are already working on potential solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994465\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994465\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Supervisor Stephanie Moulton-Peters and Senator Mike McGuire speak during a community meeting to address issues of flooding in Marin City on April 7, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The main area that floods during storms is off Donahue Street and impedes access to the Highway 101 ramps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juanita Edwards, acting general manager for the Marin City Community Services District, wrote in the proposal that the project “is about alleviating the persistent anxiety our community faces when it comes to accessing essential services outside our area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a supporting letter to the Corps, Marin County Supervisor Stephanie Moulton-Peters said “the proper drainage infrastructure was never installed” in Marin City, and flooding occurs “even during non-rain events due to high tides, which are occurring with more frequency due to climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Almost 100 years of flooding’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nearly 3,000 people — 63% people of color — dwell within Marin City’s 344 acres. About 13% live below the poverty line, according to U.S. Census Bureau data, even though the area is part of Marin County, one of the richest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1940s, shipbuilders constructed rows of motel-style apartments to house thousands of workers who built warships in Sausalito for the Navy during World War II. Many families, including Harris-Green’s, migrated to Marin City from the Midwest and the South for work in the shipyards, then stayed after the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980603\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terrie Harris-Green poses for a portrait near a pond in Marin City on April 7, 2022, after a community meeting with Senator Mike McGuire to discuss flooding issues in the area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green has advocated for flood solutions for decades, to little avail, she said — but now the hard work is beginning to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost 100 years now of flooding that’s been happening in Marin City,” she said. “I’m 75 and have had to splash through all this water. Thank God the Army Corps will address this issue for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the federal funding being officially announced, Harris-Green said she would remain dogged about making sure the project becomes a reality because the community has been promised funding and solutions in the past that never came to fruition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I appreciate that we have allies; it’s just so refreshing,” she said. “People know that we haven’t gotten anywhere, and there are so many discriminatory things that have happened to us. I’m going to continue to fight on behalf of Marin City. I hope this project brings life back to the people of Marin City.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin City wasn’t originally on the list of the places the Corps was considering funding. But Rep. Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael) helped convince the agency to include it with a letter of support, noting that the community was redlined and “qualifies for reparations and should be given high priority” because of the racism that residents “have suffered for many generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980605 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two people in neon yellow rain gear reach into a flooded storm drain. Behind them is a playground and a stream of water in a grey cement culvert. The water is brown.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers try to divert water into drains as rain pours down on Oct. 24, 2021, in Marin City, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Huffman said he is excited about the project because Marin City residents will have a direct say in planning for future flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This grant is going to the community; it’s not going to the county or anyone higher up in the bureaucracy,” he said. “They will be at the table driving feasibility studies and plans for the design and construction of a solution in their own community.\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step of the Corps’ work is collecting data from all the entities already working on flooding issues in Marin City, including Marin County, Caltrans and community groups. After the Corps completes the community work, it will create a project feasibility report, and shovels on the ground could occur in a few years, said Jessica Ludy, flood risk program manager and environmental justice coordinator with the San Francisco District of the Army Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The moment that we got word that this project was selected, I was beside myself with joy and so much hope,” Ludy said. “It’s awesome that we are able to remove the barrier of cost for Marin City.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ludy, who is spearheading the project for the Corps, said her first goal is to understand what work each agency is already doing and to speed up the process for a solution for Marin City’s flooding woes. Over the past few years, she and her colleagues have become “Marin City champions” and will do “everything they can to ensure the project is a success,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reducing flood risk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Marin City is among the most vulnerable to climate-driven flooding in the Bay Area. The neighborhood of primarily one-story homes and apartments abuts Richardson Bay, separated from the water by Highway 101 and a narrow bike trail. A single tidal gate allows water to escape into the bay, and it’s regularly filled with sand and debris. When atmospheric rivers dump rainwater, the water from the gate backs up into the channel under the freeway and floods the only road in and out of Marin City, rendering it impassable by car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/AtmosphericRiver_10_24-25_2021\">an atmospheric river parked over Marin City\u003c/a>, turning looping residential streets into rivers, swamping Donahue Street, and filling the freeway underpass and the only entrance into the city. Residents were forced to walk through the floodwaters to enter the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1980525 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348806842-1020x691.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the century, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000275\">climate change may make these deluges from the sky up to 37% wetter\u003c/a>, according to a June 2022 study by Bay Area climate scientists, and the flooding in Marin City far worse. At the same time, warming temperatures could push San Francisco Bay up from sea level rise — \u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/California-Sea-Level-Rise-Guidance-2024-508.pdf\">more than 6 feet by the end of the century\u003c/a> in the extreme scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local and state agencies are working on at least two other existing projects to shore up the flooding in Marin City. Earlier this year, the Marin County Flood Control and Water Conservation District began a $2.5 million project, with some state funding, \u003ca href=\"https://publicworks.marincounty.org/marin-city-portable-pump-station/\">to install a temporary portable pump station to reduce the severity of flooding on Donahue Street\u003c/a>. The idea is that before a big storm, crews would deploy the pumps to remove water from the street and dump it into a nearby pond. The county notes the portable pump station could be operating mid-winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the portable pumps are only an interim solution, the district is pursuing a long-lasting solution — a permanent pump station, a floodwall and storm drainage upgrades — costing around $12 million. Separate from these efforts, the district also has a watershed-wide Marin City Stormwater Plan with \u003ca href=\"https://marinflooddistrict.org/marin-city-stormwater-plan/\">a list of projects \u003c/a>needing funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans is also reenvisioning the \u003ca href=\"https://dot.ca.gov/caltrans-near-me/district-4/d4-projects/d4-marin-sea-level-rise\">flood-prone stretch of Highway 101 along Richardson Bay\u003c/a> between Marin City and Tamalpais Valley. This project could include the area that floods in Marin City. Some ideas could transform a popular bike path into a levee and raise Highway 101 to prevent flooding. The project is years out, and the reconstruction could cost nearly $2 billion. The agency is currently seeking funding for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ludy, with the Corps, said her job now is to work with the community, the county and agencies to speed up a solution for Marin City with federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ideally, we want to leverage one another’s resources for the best possible outcome for Marin City,” she said. “We intend to provide support and help take meaningful action to reduce flood risk in a community that’s been dealing with flood challenges for way too long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The federal government is partnering with climate advocates to fund a $13.5 million fix for the floodwaters that regularly block the neighborhood’s only entrance and exit.",
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"title": "Marin City Has Long Felt Its Flooding Woes Were Neglected. That’s About to Change | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Marin City is one step closer to a solution for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1980525/it-comes-to-race-marin-city-residents-demand-flood-protections\">floodwaters that often block the neighborhood’s only entrance and exit\u003c/a> after the federal government formalized a partnership with local advocates to completely fund a potential fix of up to $13.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the unincorporated Marin County community — a bowl of a town sandwiched between steep mountains and Highway 101, just 5 miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge — have advocated for solutions for decades. But with a historic Black population and generations’ worth of concerns over racial inequities, many have long felt neglected by government officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are lining up, and all I know is that too many folks have to walk through all of this contaminated water,” said Terrie Harris-Green, executive director of Marin City Climate Resilience and Health Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green’s nonprofit and the Marin City Community Services District, where she sits as a board member, submitted a proposal to a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers program that will pay the total cost of selected small public works projects. The proposal was \u003ca href=\"https://www.usace.army.mil/Media/News/NewsSearch/Article/3890408/\">one of a dozen nationwide\u003c/a> — and the only one in California — to be chosen out of a pool of 196.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the Corps walked Marin City with community members to discuss the flooding issues and next steps, knowing that other agencies are already working on potential solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994465\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994465\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Supervisor Stephanie Moulton-Peters and Senator Mike McGuire speak during a community meeting to address issues of flooding in Marin City on April 7, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The main area that floods during storms is off Donahue Street and impedes access to the Highway 101 ramps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juanita Edwards, acting general manager for the Marin City Community Services District, wrote in the proposal that the project “is about alleviating the persistent anxiety our community faces when it comes to accessing essential services outside our area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a supporting letter to the Corps, Marin County Supervisor Stephanie Moulton-Peters said “the proper drainage infrastructure was never installed” in Marin City, and flooding occurs “even during non-rain events due to high tides, which are occurring with more frequency due to climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Almost 100 years of flooding’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nearly 3,000 people — 63% people of color — dwell within Marin City’s 344 acres. About 13% live below the poverty line, according to U.S. Census Bureau data, even though the area is part of Marin County, one of the richest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1940s, shipbuilders constructed rows of motel-style apartments to house thousands of workers who built warships in Sausalito for the Navy during World War II. Many families, including Harris-Green’s, migrated to Marin City from the Midwest and the South for work in the shipyards, then stayed after the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980603\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terrie Harris-Green poses for a portrait near a pond in Marin City on April 7, 2022, after a community meeting with Senator Mike McGuire to discuss flooding issues in the area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green has advocated for flood solutions for decades, to little avail, she said — but now the hard work is beginning to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost 100 years now of flooding that’s been happening in Marin City,” she said. “I’m 75 and have had to splash through all this water. Thank God the Army Corps will address this issue for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the federal funding being officially announced, Harris-Green said she would remain dogged about making sure the project becomes a reality because the community has been promised funding and solutions in the past that never came to fruition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I appreciate that we have allies; it’s just so refreshing,” she said. “People know that we haven’t gotten anywhere, and there are so many discriminatory things that have happened to us. I’m going to continue to fight on behalf of Marin City. I hope this project brings life back to the people of Marin City.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin City wasn’t originally on the list of the places the Corps was considering funding. But Rep. Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael) helped convince the agency to include it with a letter of support, noting that the community was redlined and “qualifies for reparations and should be given high priority” because of the racism that residents “have suffered for many generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980605 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two people in neon yellow rain gear reach into a flooded storm drain. Behind them is a playground and a stream of water in a grey cement culvert. The water is brown.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers try to divert water into drains as rain pours down on Oct. 24, 2021, in Marin City, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Huffman said he is excited about the project because Marin City residents will have a direct say in planning for future flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This grant is going to the community; it’s not going to the county or anyone higher up in the bureaucracy,” he said. “They will be at the table driving feasibility studies and plans for the design and construction of a solution in their own community.\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step of the Corps’ work is collecting data from all the entities already working on flooding issues in Marin City, including Marin County, Caltrans and community groups. After the Corps completes the community work, it will create a project feasibility report, and shovels on the ground could occur in a few years, said Jessica Ludy, flood risk program manager and environmental justice coordinator with the San Francisco District of the Army Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The moment that we got word that this project was selected, I was beside myself with joy and so much hope,” Ludy said. “It’s awesome that we are able to remove the barrier of cost for Marin City.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ludy, who is spearheading the project for the Corps, said her first goal is to understand what work each agency is already doing and to speed up the process for a solution for Marin City’s flooding woes. Over the past few years, she and her colleagues have become “Marin City champions” and will do “everything they can to ensure the project is a success,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reducing flood risk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Marin City is among the most vulnerable to climate-driven flooding in the Bay Area. The neighborhood of primarily one-story homes and apartments abuts Richardson Bay, separated from the water by Highway 101 and a narrow bike trail. A single tidal gate allows water to escape into the bay, and it’s regularly filled with sand and debris. When atmospheric rivers dump rainwater, the water from the gate backs up into the channel under the freeway and floods the only road in and out of Marin City, rendering it impassable by car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/AtmosphericRiver_10_24-25_2021\">an atmospheric river parked over Marin City\u003c/a>, turning looping residential streets into rivers, swamping Donahue Street, and filling the freeway underpass and the only entrance into the city. Residents were forced to walk through the floodwaters to enter the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the century, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000275\">climate change may make these deluges from the sky up to 37% wetter\u003c/a>, according to a June 2022 study by Bay Area climate scientists, and the flooding in Marin City far worse. At the same time, warming temperatures could push San Francisco Bay up from sea level rise — \u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/California-Sea-Level-Rise-Guidance-2024-508.pdf\">more than 6 feet by the end of the century\u003c/a> in the extreme scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local and state agencies are working on at least two other existing projects to shore up the flooding in Marin City. Earlier this year, the Marin County Flood Control and Water Conservation District began a $2.5 million project, with some state funding, \u003ca href=\"https://publicworks.marincounty.org/marin-city-portable-pump-station/\">to install a temporary portable pump station to reduce the severity of flooding on Donahue Street\u003c/a>. The idea is that before a big storm, crews would deploy the pumps to remove water from the street and dump it into a nearby pond. The county notes the portable pump station could be operating mid-winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the portable pumps are only an interim solution, the district is pursuing a long-lasting solution — a permanent pump station, a floodwall and storm drainage upgrades — costing around $12 million. Separate from these efforts, the district also has a watershed-wide Marin City Stormwater Plan with \u003ca href=\"https://marinflooddistrict.org/marin-city-stormwater-plan/\">a list of projects \u003c/a>needing funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans is also reenvisioning the \u003ca href=\"https://dot.ca.gov/caltrans-near-me/district-4/d4-projects/d4-marin-sea-level-rise\">flood-prone stretch of Highway 101 along Richardson Bay\u003c/a> between Marin City and Tamalpais Valley. This project could include the area that floods in Marin City. Some ideas could transform a popular bike path into a levee and raise Highway 101 to prevent flooding. The project is years out, and the reconstruction could cost nearly $2 billion. The agency is currently seeking funding for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ludy, with the Corps, said her job now is to work with the community, the county and agencies to speed up a solution for Marin City with federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ideally, we want to leverage one another’s resources for the best possible outcome for Marin City,” she said. “We intend to provide support and help take meaningful action to reduce flood risk in a community that’s been dealing with flood challenges for way too long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For the first time in history, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> now has a plan to protect the region from the havoc sea-level rise could unleash here — submerged neighborhoods, flooded freeways, skyscrapers surrounded by water, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one said this work would be inexpensive. Regulators estimate it will cost $110 billion to construct all the seawalls, levees, marshes and other adaptation projects to protect the 400 miles of bay shoreline. But they believe it would cost the region far more, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979603/california-overhauls-its-sea-level-rise-plan-as-climate-change-reshapes-coastal-life\">$230 billion, if it did nothing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just people on the front lines who live near the bay who will be affected by this; it’s people who live inland because the bay shoreline protects everybody,” said Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, or BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His state agency released a draft \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/regional-shoreline-adaptation-plan/\">Regional Shoreline Adaptation Plan\u003c/a> Monday afternoon. It is an attempt by regulators to get in front of the looming climate effect by creating standards and requirements that cities and counties along the lip of the bay will use to ensure that the preparation for sea-level rise is consistent across the region. However, some elected officials think the plan might be too ambitious, costing local governments time and money they say they don’t have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California passed a law requiring \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984830/california-mandates-coastal-cities-plan-for-future-sea-level-rise\">all local governments along its coast, including those in the Bay Area, to address how they will tackle rising seas\u003c/a> by 2034. But it stops short of punishing cities that don’t comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay accounts for a third of California’s coastline. Still, the plan states that “the Bay Area is expected to experience two-thirds of the state’s total economic damage from sea-level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12003623 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have so many habitats that could potentially drown over the next 10 to 20 years, and then everyone’s lifestyle is going to be impacted by flooding, whether or not they live near the shoreline,” said Dana Brechwald, assistant planning director for climate adaptation with BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 1880s, the Pacific Ocean has risen by about 8 inches along the West Coast, but state scientists predict \u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Item-4-Exhibit-A-Final-Draft-Sea-Level-Rise-Guidance-Update-2024-508.pdf\">more than a foot of bay rise by 2050 and more than six feet\u003c/a> by the end of the century in the worst-case scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan attempts to do three main things: create a unified vision for the future of shoreline adaptation, outline eight regional priorities, and create guidelines for local governments to generate their plans. One of the regional priorities is reducing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983106/map-more-than-5000-toxic-sites-along-sf-bay-are-threatened-by-rising-groundwater-new-study-finds\">contaminated sites, which could steep like teabags\u003c/a> in rising seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public comment is open until Oct. 18, BCDC will hold a \u003ca href=\"https://bcdc.ca.gov/event/october-17-2024-commission-meeting/\">public hearing on Oct. 17, \u003c/a>and the agency will finalize the plan by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janelle Kellman is a city council member for the City of Sausalito who runs the nonprofit Center for Sea Level Rise Solutions. Kellman said she “fully endorses this idea of regional collaboration. This is absolutely the way we need to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Kellman said she hopes BCDC will make the plan even more “actionable” with a detailed scope of the work or example budgets “with actions that local governments can implement immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday, BCDC officials presented the plan to a group of elected officials, and San Rafael Mayor Kate Colin expressed concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have red flags,” she said. “I think this plan is too rigid. I think it’s too onerous. I really want cities to be met where they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin told BCDC staff that she doesn’t think five weeks of public comment is enough time to get input on the sweeping plan that relies on localities to do much of the work. For example, Colin said it took over a year to get public input for her city’s general plan. Plus, the cost of mitigating a disaster is expensive. She said her city doesn’t have the “extra million bucks” to implement the plan locally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will be the biggest fan when this goes forward in a way that I believe represents really good government, using the existing resources that I have here in San Rafael,” she said. “And this, to me right now, is not that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming BCDC marches ahead with its timeline, the draft plan will be finalized and adopted in 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, the agency will metaphorically hang an “open for business sign” outside of its door to help cities and counties come up with local sea-level rise plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is offering at least one grant program led by the Ocean Protection Council to help localities create these plans, Brechwald said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope that people start chatting with us early on so that we can all figure out how to proceed forward together,” Brechwald said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time in history, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> now has a plan to protect the region from the havoc sea-level rise could unleash here — submerged neighborhoods, flooded freeways, skyscrapers surrounded by water, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one said this work would be inexpensive. Regulators estimate it will cost $110 billion to construct all the seawalls, levees, marshes and other adaptation projects to protect the 400 miles of bay shoreline. But they believe it would cost the region far more, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979603/california-overhauls-its-sea-level-rise-plan-as-climate-change-reshapes-coastal-life\">$230 billion, if it did nothing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just people on the front lines who live near the bay who will be affected by this; it’s people who live inland because the bay shoreline protects everybody,” said Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, or BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His state agency released a draft \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/regional-shoreline-adaptation-plan/\">Regional Shoreline Adaptation Plan\u003c/a> Monday afternoon. It is an attempt by regulators to get in front of the looming climate effect by creating standards and requirements that cities and counties along the lip of the bay will use to ensure that the preparation for sea-level rise is consistent across the region. However, some elected officials think the plan might be too ambitious, costing local governments time and money they say they don’t have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California passed a law requiring \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984830/california-mandates-coastal-cities-plan-for-future-sea-level-rise\">all local governments along its coast, including those in the Bay Area, to address how they will tackle rising seas\u003c/a> by 2034. But it stops short of punishing cities that don’t comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay accounts for a third of California’s coastline. Still, the plan states that “the Bay Area is expected to experience two-thirds of the state’s total economic damage from sea-level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have so many habitats that could potentially drown over the next 10 to 20 years, and then everyone’s lifestyle is going to be impacted by flooding, whether or not they live near the shoreline,” said Dana Brechwald, assistant planning director for climate adaptation with BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 1880s, the Pacific Ocean has risen by about 8 inches along the West Coast, but state scientists predict \u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Item-4-Exhibit-A-Final-Draft-Sea-Level-Rise-Guidance-Update-2024-508.pdf\">more than a foot of bay rise by 2050 and more than six feet\u003c/a> by the end of the century in the worst-case scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan attempts to do three main things: create a unified vision for the future of shoreline adaptation, outline eight regional priorities, and create guidelines for local governments to generate their plans. One of the regional priorities is reducing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983106/map-more-than-5000-toxic-sites-along-sf-bay-are-threatened-by-rising-groundwater-new-study-finds\">contaminated sites, which could steep like teabags\u003c/a> in rising seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public comment is open until Oct. 18, BCDC will hold a \u003ca href=\"https://bcdc.ca.gov/event/october-17-2024-commission-meeting/\">public hearing on Oct. 17, \u003c/a>and the agency will finalize the plan by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janelle Kellman is a city council member for the City of Sausalito who runs the nonprofit Center for Sea Level Rise Solutions. Kellman said she “fully endorses this idea of regional collaboration. This is absolutely the way we need to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Kellman said she hopes BCDC will make the plan even more “actionable” with a detailed scope of the work or example budgets “with actions that local governments can implement immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday, BCDC officials presented the plan to a group of elected officials, and San Rafael Mayor Kate Colin expressed concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have red flags,” she said. “I think this plan is too rigid. I think it’s too onerous. I really want cities to be met where they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin told BCDC staff that she doesn’t think five weeks of public comment is enough time to get input on the sweeping plan that relies on localities to do much of the work. For example, Colin said it took over a year to get public input for her city’s general plan. Plus, the cost of mitigating a disaster is expensive. She said her city doesn’t have the “extra million bucks” to implement the plan locally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will be the biggest fan when this goes forward in a way that I believe represents really good government, using the existing resources that I have here in San Rafael,” she said. “And this, to me right now, is not that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming BCDC marches ahead with its timeline, the draft plan will be finalized and adopted in 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, the agency will metaphorically hang an “open for business sign” outside of its door to help cities and counties come up with local sea-level rise plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is offering at least one grant program led by the Ocean Protection Council to help localities create these plans, Brechwald said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope that people start chatting with us early on so that we can all figure out how to proceed forward together,” Brechwald said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Methane Emissions Are Rising at a Record Rate, and Most of It’s From Us",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3:49 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/methane\">Methane\u003c/a> emissions have risen at a record speed over the past five years, with two-thirds of those emissions coming from human activities like producing and burning oil and gas, cattle and sheep ranching, and landfills, \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad6463\">new research\u003c/a> shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to global warming, behind carbon dioxide. It is nearly 90 times more potent than carbon dioxide, but its powerful warming effects disappear in roughly a decade, whereas effects from carbon dioxide linger for hundreds to thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If humans could reduce or eliminate methane emissions from our activities, we could save a full degree Fahrenheit of warming within a decade, said Stanford scientist Rob Jackson, who published the research in Earth System Science Data and Environmental Research Letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work comes from the Global Carbon Project, a coalition of international scientists measuring three dominant greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Jackson is the chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since methane emissions heat the planet quickly but subside quickly, too, they present a unique opportunity. “There’s no other greenhouse gas that gives us so much power to reduce climate change in the short term,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decreasing warming in the near term buys humanity time to cut out harder-to-eliminate emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Jackson was deeply upset to find that total annual methane emissions have grown by 61 million tons, or 20%, over the past two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, these increases in methane emissions accelerated after countries developed the Global Methane Pledge in 2021, a voluntary agreement aimed to bring methane emissions 30% below 2020 levels by 2030. The initiative includes 156 countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t see any evidence of the global methane pledge helping,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1994307 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/BerkeleyPollutionGetty1-1020x701.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson and his colleagues used satellites to measure emissions from 2019 to 2023 and found they grew by 5%. Data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also shows \u003ca href=\"https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends_ch4/\">this increase\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research shows methane emissions surging across every sector: how we produce power, where we toss our old food and garbage, and the farms where we raise cattle and other animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data also shows methane increasing from natural sources, like wetlands. While emissions from humans increased by 18% since 2000, emissions from wetlands grew by 2%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through satellite images, Jackson and colleagues saw increased emissions from tropical wetlands in the Congo, Amazon and Southeast Asia. Warmer temperatures boost the growth of the microbes that emit methane in those environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned because we’re starting to see evidence of warming temperatures increasing methane emissions from natural ecosystems. And we have no way of mitigating those,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing methane emissions is not quick or easy, but there are fixes. One is through new technologies such as satellites that can detect methane leaks and “super-emitters” from space; those leaks would then need to be followed up with rules and enforcement to patch or minimize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another solution is encouraging people to eat less meat and changing what cows and other ruminants eat. Adding certain types of algae to cow feed can reduce the amount of methane the animals belch and also encourage them to grow faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diverting food and organic matter from landfills and composting it instead would also help reduce methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The good news is that we have technologies to abate emissions from many human sources (e.g., stopping leaks from oil and gas, capturing landfill gas, composting, etc.),” Gabrielle Dreyfus, chief scientist at the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development, said in an email. It’s an organization focused on slowing near-term climate warming. Dreyfus studies methane but was not involved in the Global Carbon Project research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the bad news is that some of the natural sources (e.g. tropical wetlands) are also increasing, and we don’t currently have tools to abate those emissions. This means we need to work that much harder to reduce the methane emissions that we can control,” Dreyfus said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson hopes his research will help people see the huge opportunity we have to reduce methane emissions from a “climate menace that we continue to ignore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Curbing emissions from methane, which heat the planet quickly but subside quickly too, could buy humans time to cut out harder-to-mitigate pollution.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3:49 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/methane\">Methane\u003c/a> emissions have risen at a record speed over the past five years, with two-thirds of those emissions coming from human activities like producing and burning oil and gas, cattle and sheep ranching, and landfills, \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad6463\">new research\u003c/a> shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to global warming, behind carbon dioxide. It is nearly 90 times more potent than carbon dioxide, but its powerful warming effects disappear in roughly a decade, whereas effects from carbon dioxide linger for hundreds to thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If humans could reduce or eliminate methane emissions from our activities, we could save a full degree Fahrenheit of warming within a decade, said Stanford scientist Rob Jackson, who published the research in Earth System Science Data and Environmental Research Letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work comes from the Global Carbon Project, a coalition of international scientists measuring three dominant greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Jackson is the chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since methane emissions heat the planet quickly but subside quickly, too, they present a unique opportunity. “There’s no other greenhouse gas that gives us so much power to reduce climate change in the short term,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decreasing warming in the near term buys humanity time to cut out harder-to-eliminate emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Jackson was deeply upset to find that total annual methane emissions have grown by 61 million tons, or 20%, over the past two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, these increases in methane emissions accelerated after countries developed the Global Methane Pledge in 2021, a voluntary agreement aimed to bring methane emissions 30% below 2020 levels by 2030. The initiative includes 156 countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t see any evidence of the global methane pledge helping,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson and his colleagues used satellites to measure emissions from 2019 to 2023 and found they grew by 5%. Data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also shows \u003ca href=\"https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends_ch4/\">this increase\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research shows methane emissions surging across every sector: how we produce power, where we toss our old food and garbage, and the farms where we raise cattle and other animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data also shows methane increasing from natural sources, like wetlands. While emissions from humans increased by 18% since 2000, emissions from wetlands grew by 2%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through satellite images, Jackson and colleagues saw increased emissions from tropical wetlands in the Congo, Amazon and Southeast Asia. Warmer temperatures boost the growth of the microbes that emit methane in those environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned because we’re starting to see evidence of warming temperatures increasing methane emissions from natural ecosystems. And we have no way of mitigating those,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing methane emissions is not quick or easy, but there are fixes. One is through new technologies such as satellites that can detect methane leaks and “super-emitters” from space; those leaks would then need to be followed up with rules and enforcement to patch or minimize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another solution is encouraging people to eat less meat and changing what cows and other ruminants eat. Adding certain types of algae to cow feed can reduce the amount of methane the animals belch and also encourage them to grow faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diverting food and organic matter from landfills and composting it instead would also help reduce methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The good news is that we have technologies to abate emissions from many human sources (e.g., stopping leaks from oil and gas, capturing landfill gas, composting, etc.),” Gabrielle Dreyfus, chief scientist at the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development, said in an email. It’s an organization focused on slowing near-term climate warming. Dreyfus studies methane but was not involved in the Global Carbon Project research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the bad news is that some of the natural sources (e.g. tropical wetlands) are also increasing, and we don’t currently have tools to abate those emissions. This means we need to work that much harder to reduce the methane emissions that we can control,” Dreyfus said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson hopes his research will help people see the huge opportunity we have to reduce methane emissions from a “climate menace that we continue to ignore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994263/california-fire-season-wakes-up-again-with-major-wildfires-and-hot-dry-conditions\">major wildfires\u003c/a> surrounding people living in Southern California’s Inland Empire on three sides are creating thunderclouds and fire whirls as they exhibit erratic, unpredictable behavior that has become increasingly common in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought, climate change and land management practices have all helped feed such extreme fire behavior, which makes the fires more dangerous and harder to control. The fires burning in Southern California have made stunningly quick runs, threatening thousands of structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a pretty scary situation around the L.A. Basin right now,” said Neil Lareau, fire expert at the University of Nevada, Reno. With steep mountain canyons, lots of bone-dry vegetation and just enough wind to rile things up, “the result was just this explosion of fire yesterday [Tuesday] afternoon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters generally cannot directly attack a fire that is showing this kind of behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, not a lot can be done when these fires are ripping up a canyon,” as we’ve seen in recent days, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NOAASatellites/status/1833915331091595704\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires can also create their own winds, which increases spotting — when embers are lofted into the air and land to create new fires ahead of the main front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then we also saw some really extreme smoke and what we call plume dynamics yesterday,” Lareau said, referring to when the fire is controlled by the energy and wind it is creating. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to safely fly aircraft to drop water or retardant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BirdingPeepWx/status/1833692869783441867\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In such conditions, he said, fire crews can’t make much progress on stopping the fire and can only focus on “trying to protect life and property to the extent possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12004361 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/PGE-Cuts-Line-After-Camp-Fire-2-1020x746.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For researchers like Lareau, studying the conditions that support extreme fire behavior is crucial for one day giving responders and citizens better warnings about what to expect. Ideally, the information will also give land managers better strategies for how to treat fuels and prevent fires from getting so extreme in the first place since so little can be done to fight them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What has been interesting about these fires, Lareau said, is that they’ve behaved more extremely than expected, given atmospheric conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly had significant fire weather yesterday, but nothing off the charts,” he said. “I was a bit surprised by just how far the Bridge Fire, in particular, ran yesterday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bridge Fire exploded in size to at least 48,000 acres and burned homes around the community of Wrightwood on Tuesday night. Firefighters are still battling to save homes within Wrightwood and the nearby communities of Pinon Hills and Mount Baldy. The fire is 0% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were some winds, but nothing like the annual Santa Ana winds that affected the area in autumn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/nplareau/status/1833659247760150604\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The winds yesterday were probably not even half as strong as we see in some of these other events, kind of at the lower end of what we expect for these really extreme fire behavior days,” Lareau said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows exactly when or how strong Santa Ana winds will be this year. But this week’s Southern California fire behavior bodes poorly for anyone hoping for a calm, swift end to fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994263/california-fire-season-wakes-up-again-with-major-wildfires-and-hot-dry-conditions\">major wildfires\u003c/a> surrounding people living in Southern California’s Inland Empire on three sides are creating thunderclouds and fire whirls as they exhibit erratic, unpredictable behavior that has become increasingly common in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought, climate change and land management practices have all helped feed such extreme fire behavior, which makes the fires more dangerous and harder to control. The fires burning in Southern California have made stunningly quick runs, threatening thousands of structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a pretty scary situation around the L.A. Basin right now,” said Neil Lareau, fire expert at the University of Nevada, Reno. With steep mountain canyons, lots of bone-dry vegetation and just enough wind to rile things up, “the result was just this explosion of fire yesterday [Tuesday] afternoon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Fires can also create their own winds, which increases spotting — when embers are lofted into the air and land to create new fires ahead of the main front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then we also saw some really extreme smoke and what we call plume dynamics yesterday,” Lareau said, referring to when the fire is controlled by the energy and wind it is creating. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to safely fly aircraft to drop water or retardant.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In such conditions, he said, fire crews can’t make much progress on stopping the fire and can only focus on “trying to protect life and property to the extent possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For researchers like Lareau, studying the conditions that support extreme fire behavior is crucial for one day giving responders and citizens better warnings about what to expect. Ideally, the information will also give land managers better strategies for how to treat fuels and prevent fires from getting so extreme in the first place since so little can be done to fight them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What has been interesting about these fires, Lareau said, is that they’ve behaved more extremely than expected, given atmospheric conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly had significant fire weather yesterday, but nothing off the charts,” he said. “I was a bit surprised by just how far the Bridge Fire, in particular, ran yesterday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bridge Fire exploded in size to at least 48,000 acres and burned homes around the community of Wrightwood on Tuesday night. Firefighters are still battling to save homes within Wrightwood and the nearby communities of Pinon Hills and Mount Baldy. The fire is 0% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were some winds, but nothing like the annual Santa Ana winds that affected the area in autumn.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“The winds yesterday were probably not even half as strong as we see in some of these other events, kind of at the lower end of what we expect for these really extreme fire behavior days,” Lareau said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows exactly when or how strong Santa Ana winds will be this year. But this week’s Southern California fire behavior bodes poorly for anyone hoping for a calm, swift end to fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Californians Are Breathing Far Less Vehicle Pollution, but Disparities Are Widening",
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"content": "\u003cp>Californians are breathing nearly two-thirds less \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/pollution\">pollution\u003c/a> from vehicles than they were in the year 2000, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/rIm_C4x9gPs9mj1RFOfYC4zZO3?domain=science.org\">study\u003c/a> published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances — a tremendous decline showcasing that state policies focused on reducing vehicle emissions are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the research also shows disparities are widening between the communities most exposed to harmful pollutants and those most protected from them, a concerning gap policymakers and regulators must still address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the state, Californians are breathing in an average of 65% less fine particulate matter from vehicles, according to the research, which looked at data from the years 2000 to 2019. Also called PM2.5, this pollution consists of tiny particles that are small enough to enter the bloodstream and lead to premature \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022GH000711\">death\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hispanic and Black Californians are the two demographic groups most exposed to PM2.5 from vehicles, largely because they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879641/trucks-are-banned-on-oaklands-i-580-these-sixth-graders-wondered-why\">more likely to live closer to highways and major roads, often due to historic practices like redlining\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the study found these two groups have seen the most significant drops in overall exposure to the pollutants, that is due to the fact that they started in worse-off positions than other groups. The research shows that the gap between Hispanic and Black Californians and their white counterparts is widening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2000 and 2019, the relative gap in vehicle-related PM2.5 exposure between Hispanic and white Californians grew from 30% to 35%, with Hispanic residents being the group most exposed and white residents the least. Both groups experienced significant overall declines in exposure to pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12003847 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/HeatPumpGetty1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you reduce vehicle emissions across the board for everybody everywhere, everybody benefits,” said Josh Apte, associate professor of environmental engineering and environmental health sciences at UC Berkeley and one of the study’s authors. That’s how the U.S. and California have improved air quality for the past 50-60 years, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if there are groups that are disparately exposed when everybody benefits, that disparity never goes away. So targeting emissions reductions in those places that tend to be overburdened is the name of the game to solve the problem,” Apte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board has, more recently, woven such policies into its core mission — targeting cleaning up \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/advanced-clean-fleets-regulation-detailed-drayage-truck-requirements#:~:text=Zero%2DEmission%20Drayage%20Truck%20Requirements,with%20full%20implementation%20by%202035.\">drayage trucks\u003c/a>, which move freight in and out of ports, and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/clean-cars-4-all\">programs\u003c/a> that help lower-income Californians trade in highly polluting vehicles for electric ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the policies that the Air Resources Board is pursuing now are very well placed to close those gaps in disparity,” Apte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently adopted CARB \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-fleets\">regulations\u003c/a>, like those intended to reduce emissions from large truck fleets, will significantly benefit communities that live close to ports, rail yards and industrial warehouses, said Joshua Cunningham, who leads regulatory programs for light-duty vehicles at CARB and was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two state laws, passed in \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/sb535\">2012\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/capp\">2017\u003c/a>, have also prioritized targeting benefits to communities geographically exposed to unequal amounts of pollution. The first invests proceeds from California’s cap-and-trade emissions credits program in disadvantaged communities that face environmental, socioeconomic and public health challenges. The other created the Community Air Protection Program to prioritize highly polluted communities for air pollution monitoring and emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libby Koolik, lead study author and a Ph.D. candidate at UC Berkeley in the environmental engineering program, was surprised by the role that passenger vehicles play in contributing to major pollution in downtown communities, as a lot of attention is normally on large, polluting vehicles like big rigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The takeaway from that is not that heavy-duty vehicles aren’t important, but really that both of these fleets need to be targeted,” Koolik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that, one step further, it’s important that we look at each community and figure out what their individual composition of fleet mixtures is so we can find the interventions that work best for that community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions from other sectors in California, like refineries, are known to unequally burden communities of color and communities already exposed to high pollution from vehicles. This study did not include those sources of pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was co-authored by researchers at UC Berkeley, the California Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and the University of Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians are breathing nearly two-thirds less \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/pollution\">pollution\u003c/a> from vehicles than they were in the year 2000, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/rIm_C4x9gPs9mj1RFOfYC4zZO3?domain=science.org\">study\u003c/a> published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances — a tremendous decline showcasing that state policies focused on reducing vehicle emissions are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the research also shows disparities are widening between the communities most exposed to harmful pollutants and those most protected from them, a concerning gap policymakers and regulators must still address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the state, Californians are breathing in an average of 65% less fine particulate matter from vehicles, according to the research, which looked at data from the years 2000 to 2019. Also called PM2.5, this pollution consists of tiny particles that are small enough to enter the bloodstream and lead to premature \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022GH000711\">death\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hispanic and Black Californians are the two demographic groups most exposed to PM2.5 from vehicles, largely because they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879641/trucks-are-banned-on-oaklands-i-580-these-sixth-graders-wondered-why\">more likely to live closer to highways and major roads, often due to historic practices like redlining\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the study found these two groups have seen the most significant drops in overall exposure to the pollutants, that is due to the fact that they started in worse-off positions than other groups. The research shows that the gap between Hispanic and Black Californians and their white counterparts is widening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2000 and 2019, the relative gap in vehicle-related PM2.5 exposure between Hispanic and white Californians grew from 30% to 35%, with Hispanic residents being the group most exposed and white residents the least. Both groups experienced significant overall declines in exposure to pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you reduce vehicle emissions across the board for everybody everywhere, everybody benefits,” said Josh Apte, associate professor of environmental engineering and environmental health sciences at UC Berkeley and one of the study’s authors. That’s how the U.S. and California have improved air quality for the past 50-60 years, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if there are groups that are disparately exposed when everybody benefits, that disparity never goes away. So targeting emissions reductions in those places that tend to be overburdened is the name of the game to solve the problem,” Apte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board has, more recently, woven such policies into its core mission — targeting cleaning up \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/advanced-clean-fleets-regulation-detailed-drayage-truck-requirements#:~:text=Zero%2DEmission%20Drayage%20Truck%20Requirements,with%20full%20implementation%20by%202035.\">drayage trucks\u003c/a>, which move freight in and out of ports, and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/clean-cars-4-all\">programs\u003c/a> that help lower-income Californians trade in highly polluting vehicles for electric ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the policies that the Air Resources Board is pursuing now are very well placed to close those gaps in disparity,” Apte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently adopted CARB \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-fleets\">regulations\u003c/a>, like those intended to reduce emissions from large truck fleets, will significantly benefit communities that live close to ports, rail yards and industrial warehouses, said Joshua Cunningham, who leads regulatory programs for light-duty vehicles at CARB and was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two state laws, passed in \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/sb535\">2012\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/capp\">2017\u003c/a>, have also prioritized targeting benefits to communities geographically exposed to unequal amounts of pollution. The first invests proceeds from California’s cap-and-trade emissions credits program in disadvantaged communities that face environmental, socioeconomic and public health challenges. The other created the Community Air Protection Program to prioritize highly polluted communities for air pollution monitoring and emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libby Koolik, lead study author and a Ph.D. candidate at UC Berkeley in the environmental engineering program, was surprised by the role that passenger vehicles play in contributing to major pollution in downtown communities, as a lot of attention is normally on large, polluting vehicles like big rigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The takeaway from that is not that heavy-duty vehicles aren’t important, but really that both of these fleets need to be targeted,” Koolik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that, one step further, it’s important that we look at each community and figure out what their individual composition of fleet mixtures is so we can find the interventions that work best for that community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions from other sectors in California, like refineries, are known to unequally burden communities of color and communities already exposed to high pollution from vehicles. This study did not include those sources of pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was co-authored by researchers at UC Berkeley, the California Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and the University of Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s fire season has roared back to life in September after settling down somewhat during a cooler-than-average August, and forecasters warn that new powerful \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/wildfires\">wildfires could\u003c/a> still come before the winter rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Lake County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994265/fire-weary-lake-county-again-faces-a-tough-recovery-and-questions-over-rebuilding\">the Boyles Fire\u003c/a> exploded Sunday afternoon amid hot, dry conditions and quickly destroyed scores of homes. Firefighters have stopped its spread as crews continue to assess the damage, but the conditions that fueled the fire are being felt around the state, as grass and brush are kept critically dry and primed to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834132/see-where-wildfires-are-burning-in-california\">Several powerful wildfires\u003c/a> now burning out of control in Northern and Southern California, forcing thousands of people from their homes, closing schools and causing power outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California, three major fires — the Line, Bridge and Airport fires — threaten thousands of structures and leave populations swathed by deep smoke. Meanwhile, the region is at the tail end of a heat wave that has broken several records, with an excessive heat warning for multiple counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/09/07/governor-newsom-proclaims-state-of-emergency-in-san-bernardino-county-secures-federal-assistance-to-support-response-to-line-fire\">proclaimed\u003c/a> a state of emergency in San Bernardino County in response to the Line Fire, which has burned over 26,000 acres and threatens over 65,000 structures, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2024/9/5/line-fire\">according to Cal Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11834132 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/FireMapCap.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, fire officials forecast above-normal conditions for bad fires between now and October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Bay Area in the next few days can expect a relaxing of the heat and low humidity that fed blazes like the Boyles Fire, it will come with the tradeoff of higher winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing that ridge that was responsible for the hot and dry conditions break down,” said Nicole Sarment, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service. It’ll be replaced by a pool of cold air sweeping into the upper atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our main concern that we’re really trying to hammer home is wind,” Sarment said. “People should take precautions, secure objects, trash cans, etc.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this will welcome the cooler, moister marine layer, windy conditions could still pose a problem. If fires do get started, Sarment said, they will burn through fuels that are still critically dry and could be carried by the winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s fire season has roared back to life in September after settling down somewhat during a cooler-than-average August, and forecasters warn that new powerful \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/wildfires\">wildfires could\u003c/a> still come before the winter rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Lake County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994265/fire-weary-lake-county-again-faces-a-tough-recovery-and-questions-over-rebuilding\">the Boyles Fire\u003c/a> exploded Sunday afternoon amid hot, dry conditions and quickly destroyed scores of homes. Firefighters have stopped its spread as crews continue to assess the damage, but the conditions that fueled the fire are being felt around the state, as grass and brush are kept critically dry and primed to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834132/see-where-wildfires-are-burning-in-california\">Several powerful wildfires\u003c/a> now burning out of control in Northern and Southern California, forcing thousands of people from their homes, closing schools and causing power outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California, three major fires — the Line, Bridge and Airport fires — threaten thousands of structures and leave populations swathed by deep smoke. Meanwhile, the region is at the tail end of a heat wave that has broken several records, with an excessive heat warning for multiple counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/09/07/governor-newsom-proclaims-state-of-emergency-in-san-bernardino-county-secures-federal-assistance-to-support-response-to-line-fire\">proclaimed\u003c/a> a state of emergency in San Bernardino County in response to the Line Fire, which has burned over 26,000 acres and threatens over 65,000 structures, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2024/9/5/line-fire\">according to Cal Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, fire officials forecast above-normal conditions for bad fires between now and October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Bay Area in the next few days can expect a relaxing of the heat and low humidity that fed blazes like the Boyles Fire, it will come with the tradeoff of higher winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing that ridge that was responsible for the hot and dry conditions break down,” said Nicole Sarment, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service. It’ll be replaced by a pool of cold air sweeping into the upper atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our main concern that we’re really trying to hammer home is wind,” Sarment said. “People should take precautions, secure objects, trash cans, etc.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this will welcome the cooler, moister marine layer, windy conditions could still pose a problem. If fires do get started, Sarment said, they will burn through fuels that are still critically dry and could be carried by the winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How an Invasive Fungus That Kills Bats Can Lead to More Infant Deaths",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have linked declining bat populations to an uptick in child mortality, research that underscores a cause-and-effect relationship between wildlife and human health that could have potentially serious consequences for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a>’s numerous agricultural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cascading effects start with \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/content/article/white-nose-syndrome-has-almost-completely-wiped-out-some-north-american-bat-colonies\">white-nose syndrome\u003c/a>, a disease caused by an invasive fungus that can devastate bat populations. With fewer predators like bats, insect populations grow, which prompts farmers to use more pesticides to keep them at bay. \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg0344\">Research published Friday in the journal Science\u003c/a> shows that in counties where this took place, infant mortality rose by 8%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study authors link that increase in child deaths to the uptick in insecticide use, which can be harmful to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582900/\">developing fetuses\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-12/documents/pest-impact-hsstaff.pdf\">infants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fungus at the heart of the study, called Pseudogymnoascus destructans, was first detected in California in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome has been detected in California, I think there is room for concern that similar patterns of substitution towards insecticides will happen and lead to off-farm exposure,” said Eyal Frank, lead author of the study and assistant professor at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, the state has not seen a single case of the disease in bats (the fungus that causes it is not known to hurt people or common house pets).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12002977 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/BakersfieldClockTowerGetty1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winifred Frick, chief scientist at Bat Conservation International and adjunct professor in ecology and evolutionary biology at UC Santa Cruz, is not sure why California has so far been spared, but she noted that the disease kills during bats’ winter hibernation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s some optimism that maybe because we have milder winters in California, we might see less mortality, but it’s basically too soon to tell,” Frick said. “We need to do everything we can to protect our bat populations. Especially given how important bats are to agriculture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many scientists and researchers are working to reduce contact between the fungus and bats to prevent an outbreak of white-nose disease in California and nationally. This can be done, for example, by asking tourists to step onto a mat that can kill any fungal spores on their shoes before exploring popular cave sites where bats hibernate in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers are working to develop a vaccine to prevent bats from developing the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frick said the new research linking child mortality and bat population decline also underscores the connection between healthy biodiversity and healthy humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People think that conservation is this sort of altruistic exercise of trying to protect wildlife for wildlife’s sake, but [this research] really shows that we’re all connected, and protecting bats also protects our agricultural production and ourselves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White-nose disease has killed more than 6 million bats in North America since it was first discovered in New York in 2006. The hardest-hit areas have been Pennsylvania, New York and elsewhere in the Northeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have linked declining bat populations to an uptick in child mortality, research that underscores a cause-and-effect relationship between wildlife and human health that could have potentially serious consequences for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a>’s numerous agricultural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cascading effects start with \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/content/article/white-nose-syndrome-has-almost-completely-wiped-out-some-north-american-bat-colonies\">white-nose syndrome\u003c/a>, a disease caused by an invasive fungus that can devastate bat populations. With fewer predators like bats, insect populations grow, which prompts farmers to use more pesticides to keep them at bay. \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg0344\">Research published Friday in the journal Science\u003c/a> shows that in counties where this took place, infant mortality rose by 8%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study authors link that increase in child deaths to the uptick in insecticide use, which can be harmful to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582900/\">developing fetuses\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-12/documents/pest-impact-hsstaff.pdf\">infants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fungus at the heart of the study, called Pseudogymnoascus destructans, was first detected in California in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome has been detected in California, I think there is room for concern that similar patterns of substitution towards insecticides will happen and lead to off-farm exposure,” said Eyal Frank, lead author of the study and assistant professor at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, the state has not seen a single case of the disease in bats (the fungus that causes it is not known to hurt people or common house pets).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winifred Frick, chief scientist at Bat Conservation International and adjunct professor in ecology and evolutionary biology at UC Santa Cruz, is not sure why California has so far been spared, but she noted that the disease kills during bats’ winter hibernation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s some optimism that maybe because we have milder winters in California, we might see less mortality, but it’s basically too soon to tell,” Frick said. “We need to do everything we can to protect our bat populations. Especially given how important bats are to agriculture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many scientists and researchers are working to reduce contact between the fungus and bats to prevent an outbreak of white-nose disease in California and nationally. This can be done, for example, by asking tourists to step onto a mat that can kill any fungal spores on their shoes before exploring popular cave sites where bats hibernate in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers are working to develop a vaccine to prevent bats from developing the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frick said the new research linking child mortality and bat population decline also underscores the connection between healthy biodiversity and healthy humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People think that conservation is this sort of altruistic exercise of trying to protect wildlife for wildlife’s sake, but [this research] really shows that we’re all connected, and protecting bats also protects our agricultural production and ourselves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White-nose disease has killed more than 6 million bats in North America since it was first discovered in New York in 2006. The hardest-hit areas have been Pennsylvania, New York and elsewhere in the Northeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Humpback Whales Make Custom Fishing Nets — Out of Bubbles",
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"content": "\u003cp>Some of the largest living animals on the planet eat the tiniest food. For humpback whales, it’s krill — small shrimp-like animals floating in the ocean. Capturing enough krill can take a lot of work, like if your morning bowl of cereal were spread out across a football field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So humpbacks have developed a solution: bubbles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 50-foot whales blow circles of bubbles underwater, creating a net of air that entraps the krill. A \u003ca href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.240328\">\u003cu>new study\u003c/u>\u003c/a> shows that humpbacks can do this with remarkable precision to corral their prey, even tailoring the bubble nets for the type of food they’re eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You realize how much control the animals are exerting over this,” says Andy Szabo, biologist and director of the Alaska Whale Foundation, who worked on the research. “It is not a random behavior. It’s a very structured, choreographed behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say it’s an example of tool-use by animals, something that few other animals are known to do, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/20/1252214990/sea-otters-tool-use-favorite-foods-disappearing\">\u003cu>sea otters\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/03/10/1161652099/monkey-stone-flakes-early-humans-tools\">\u003cu>monkeys\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/23/927088859/crows-are-they-scary-or-just-super-smart\">\u003cu>crows\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These whales are actually manufacturing these tools,” Szabo says. “And so we think that really elevates these animals, or it should elevate these animals in our own consciousness, in terms of their cognition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Casting a net of bubbles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Getting a whale’s eye view of dinnertime isn’t easy. To do it, Szabo and researchers from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa used special suction-cup cameras with motion sensors that stick to the whale’s back. Attaching it requires \u003ca href=\"https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2024/08/21/humpback-whales-wield-tools/\">\u003cu>a 20-foot pole and a bit of finesse\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. They also used drones for an aerial view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/3326x2218+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fdf%2Fdc%2F0a6dda1a43c3b83cbdc5b94c4bd9%2Fpl23-anim2490.jpg\" alt=\"Using bubble nets helps humpbacks consolidate krill, reducing the amount of energy they need to catch them.\">\u003cfigcaption>Using bubble nets helps humpbacks consolidate krill, reducing the amount of energy they need to catch them. \u003ccite>(Christin Khan | NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, they documented more than 80 bubble nets in high detail in the waters of southeast Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The netting works like this: first, a humpback swims into a cloud of krill. Then, it starts swimming in a circle, blowing bubbles from its blowhole. The bubbles rise, creating a cylindrical shape with walls of air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The krill avoid the bubbles, becoming trapped inside the net. The humpback keeps blowing bubbles but in tighter circles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The circle is getting smaller and smaller and smaller, so it’s creating a series of rings inside the net,” Szabo says. “They’re perfect nested rings within each ring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the humpback lunges upwards, gulping the krill in one big bite. The technique confines the krill into a much smaller space, increasing the density of the prey by about seven times, Szabo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That translates to seven fewer mouthfuls that the whale needs to take to get the same amount of prey, so that seems to be where the big advantage is,” Szabo says. Humpbacks in Alaska don’t use bubble nets every time they feed on krill, suggesting they only use them when they need to.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For fish, humpbacks bubble net in groups\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To catch fish, humpbacks deploy a different kind of bubble net. Herring are small schooling fish that are much faster swimmers than krill. So, to corral them, humpbacks use teamwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One humpback blows a large bubble net around the herring. Then, a second whale makes a feeding call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a loud, trumpeting sound, and you can hear it through your boat hull,” says John Moran, a biologist at NOAA’s Alaska Fisheries Science Center. “If you hear a feeding call, it’s time to move away because they’re going to come up somewhere close to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a group of whales all lunge upwards at the same time, scooping up the herring with gaping mouths. Humpbacks generally position themselves in the same order each time, sometimes as many as 15 whales at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically doing the same thing that fishermen are doing,” Moran says. “They’re being smart about it. They’re making it more energetically efficient to forage that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting the most calories per gulp is a key survival strategy for humpbacks who spend their summers in Alaska. Afterward, they migrate thousands of miles to their breeding grounds in Hawaii or Mexico, where humpbacks don’t feed much. Packing on the pounds is crucial for that journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change upsets the food chain\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The flexibility that humpback whales use in bubble-netting is an example of tool use, Szabo says, which biologists define as when animals use something external to purposefully manipulate their environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really suggests that these whales have a toolkit,” Szabo says. “They’re trading out the net for whatever it is they’re targeting on that day, which is a pretty remarkable thing when you stop to think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also shows that humpbacks are adaptable to their environment, tailoring their feeding techniques for different conditions. That seems to have helped humpback populations recover from the era of whaling faster than other whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, adaptability has its limits. In 2014, “the blob” hit the Pacific Ocean, where a marine heat wave dramatically increased ocean temperatures for several years. The entire food chain was affected, making it harder for humpbacks to feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prey was gone,” Moran says. “It cost them more to make a living. And we saw skinny whales, and the calf production dropped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humpback whales in the North Pacific Ocean \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234718984/humpback-whale-decline-pacific-climate-change\">\u003cu>declined by 20%\u003c/u>\u003c/a> from 2012 to 2021. With marine heat waves expected to become more frequent and intense with climate change, understanding how whales feed and the nuances of how they maximize their bubble nets could be crucial for conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really starts to change our perception of these animals,” Szabo says. “That is very powerful when trying to convince people that there are remarkable animals out there and most of these animals are in jeopardy, unfortunately.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some of the largest living animals on the planet eat the tiniest food. For humpback whales, it’s krill — small shrimp-like animals floating in the ocean. Capturing enough krill can take a lot of work, like if your morning bowl of cereal were spread out across a football field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So humpbacks have developed a solution: bubbles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 50-foot whales blow circles of bubbles underwater, creating a net of air that entraps the krill. A \u003ca href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.240328\">\u003cu>new study\u003c/u>\u003c/a> shows that humpbacks can do this with remarkable precision to corral their prey, even tailoring the bubble nets for the type of food they’re eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You realize how much control the animals are exerting over this,” says Andy Szabo, biologist and director of the Alaska Whale Foundation, who worked on the research. “It is not a random behavior. It’s a very structured, choreographed behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say it’s an example of tool-use by animals, something that few other animals are known to do, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/20/1252214990/sea-otters-tool-use-favorite-foods-disappearing\">\u003cu>sea otters\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/03/10/1161652099/monkey-stone-flakes-early-humans-tools\">\u003cu>monkeys\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/23/927088859/crows-are-they-scary-or-just-super-smart\">\u003cu>crows\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These whales are actually manufacturing these tools,” Szabo says. “And so we think that really elevates these animals, or it should elevate these animals in our own consciousness, in terms of their cognition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Casting a net of bubbles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Getting a whale’s eye view of dinnertime isn’t easy. To do it, Szabo and researchers from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa used special suction-cup cameras with motion sensors that stick to the whale’s back. Attaching it requires \u003ca href=\"https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2024/08/21/humpback-whales-wield-tools/\">\u003cu>a 20-foot pole and a bit of finesse\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. They also used drones for an aerial view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/3326x2218+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fdf%2Fdc%2F0a6dda1a43c3b83cbdc5b94c4bd9%2Fpl23-anim2490.jpg\" alt=\"Using bubble nets helps humpbacks consolidate krill, reducing the amount of energy they need to catch them.\">\u003cfigcaption>Using bubble nets helps humpbacks consolidate krill, reducing the amount of energy they need to catch them. \u003ccite>(Christin Khan | NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, they documented more than 80 bubble nets in high detail in the waters of southeast Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The netting works like this: first, a humpback swims into a cloud of krill. Then, it starts swimming in a circle, blowing bubbles from its blowhole. The bubbles rise, creating a cylindrical shape with walls of air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The krill avoid the bubbles, becoming trapped inside the net. The humpback keeps blowing bubbles but in tighter circles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The circle is getting smaller and smaller and smaller, so it’s creating a series of rings inside the net,” Szabo says. “They’re perfect nested rings within each ring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the humpback lunges upwards, gulping the krill in one big bite. The technique confines the krill into a much smaller space, increasing the density of the prey by about seven times, Szabo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That translates to seven fewer mouthfuls that the whale needs to take to get the same amount of prey, so that seems to be where the big advantage is,” Szabo says. Humpbacks in Alaska don’t use bubble nets every time they feed on krill, suggesting they only use them when they need to.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For fish, humpbacks bubble net in groups\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To catch fish, humpbacks deploy a different kind of bubble net. Herring are small schooling fish that are much faster swimmers than krill. So, to corral them, humpbacks use teamwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One humpback blows a large bubble net around the herring. Then, a second whale makes a feeding call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a loud, trumpeting sound, and you can hear it through your boat hull,” says John Moran, a biologist at NOAA’s Alaska Fisheries Science Center. “If you hear a feeding call, it’s time to move away because they’re going to come up somewhere close to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a group of whales all lunge upwards at the same time, scooping up the herring with gaping mouths. Humpbacks generally position themselves in the same order each time, sometimes as many as 15 whales at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically doing the same thing that fishermen are doing,” Moran says. “They’re being smart about it. They’re making it more energetically efficient to forage that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting the most calories per gulp is a key survival strategy for humpbacks who spend their summers in Alaska. Afterward, they migrate thousands of miles to their breeding grounds in Hawaii or Mexico, where humpbacks don’t feed much. Packing on the pounds is crucial for that journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change upsets the food chain\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The flexibility that humpback whales use in bubble-netting is an example of tool use, Szabo says, which biologists define as when animals use something external to purposefully manipulate their environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really suggests that these whales have a toolkit,” Szabo says. “They’re trading out the net for whatever it is they’re targeting on that day, which is a pretty remarkable thing when you stop to think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also shows that humpbacks are adaptable to their environment, tailoring their feeding techniques for different conditions. That seems to have helped humpback populations recover from the era of whaling faster than other whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, adaptability has its limits. In 2014, “the blob” hit the Pacific Ocean, where a marine heat wave dramatically increased ocean temperatures for several years. The entire food chain was affected, making it harder for humpbacks to feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prey was gone,” Moran says. “It cost them more to make a living. And we saw skinny whales, and the calf production dropped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humpback whales in the North Pacific Ocean \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234718984/humpback-whale-decline-pacific-climate-change\">\u003cu>declined by 20%\u003c/u>\u003c/a> from 2012 to 2021. With marine heat waves expected to become more frequent and intense with climate change, understanding how whales feed and the nuances of how they maximize their bubble nets could be crucial for conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really starts to change our perception of these animals,” Szabo says. “That is very powerful when trying to convince people that there are remarkable animals out there and most of these animals are in jeopardy, unfortunately.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]C[/dropcap]arla Escutia fled with her three kids to the second story of an apartment building across the street when a storm burst an infamously weak levee outside their town of Pajaro in March 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They huddled and watched in horror as chocolate milk-colored flood water swamped their beige home and rendered their cars inoperable. When the California National Guard rescued her family, crammed into military vehicles, they swore they’d find a new place to live on higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the beginning of what would turn into a 16-month odyssey to find an affordable two-bedroom apartment, which can cost more than $3,000 in the area around Monterey County. The family cycled through a shelter, a trailer, group homes, rentals and couches at other family members’ houses. Escutia, a custodian at UC Santa Cruz, encountered landlords who wouldn’t accept applicants from single parents like her with little kids and teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said little kids would destroy the property,” Escutia explained. Some of the apartments cost as much as $4,000. “It was difficult. The prices were really high, and I couldn’t pay that much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3448175992&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only affordable option Escutia, 42, could find was an apartment back in Pajaro, but she did not want to put her kids through that trauma again. “I wanted to find something far away,” she said. Authorities have reinforced the crumbled section of the levee, but they admit it is still too small to protect Pajaro, a community of many lower-income earners and farmworkers who harvest strawberries and other crops near Watsonville and Monterey County. The Army Corps of Engineers, along with the state and the local flood agency, plan to build a new levee, but that project won’t be completed until at least 2031.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We left because we don’t want the same thing to happen again,” said her oldest daughter, Denia Escutia, who KQED profiled for the third season of its Sold Out podcast. The 19-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984643/reluctant-retreat-one-familys-fight-against-climate-induced-flooding\">deferred her dream of studying at UCLA\u003c/a> to help her mom, choosing to enroll in community college and working to help pay bills instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, the Escutias landed a spot for $1700 in a shared house with 12 people in Castroville, about 20 minutes from Watsonville. The family hated the cramped quarters and quickly resented their housemates who raided their bathroom for toilet paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994210\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994210\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-768x256.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Denia Escutia stands for a portrait outside her mud-coated bedroom in Pajaro, on March 24, 2023. Right: Denia Escutia sits in her new bedroom in Pajaro on Aug. 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Left: Kori Suzuki/KQED; Right: Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One family had a daughter who would go into our refrigerator and grab stuff,” said Denia Escutia, with shoulder-length chestnut brown hair and pearl-colored long acrylic nails. “We didn’t have our own space, and I was uncomfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, reality set in; Escutia wanted to get her three kids out. Beaten down by the reality of living in one of the most expensive areas in the country for rentals, she called the landlord in Pajaro and accepted the apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family would return to the floodplain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their nearly year-and-a-half-long housing search concluded right across the street from their old home in the same apartment complex where they had found refuge from the flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They moved in early August and now pay $1,900 for a freshly painted three-bedroom apartment. They knew the landlord and said he gave them a deal based on their relationship, and because of the flood risk, Escutia explained as she stirred sizzling chorizo and flipped homemade corn tortillas on a comal in her new thin galley kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were no options but this one,” Escutia said, her brown hair tied with a big black bow. “I am happy that I have my room and my kids have privacy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her new address is just one number different from her previous home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am scared the flooding might happen again, but I try to put it in the back of my head, telling myself it won’t happen for a few years and in a few years, we will probably not live here,” said Escutia, as she served her daughter a guava Jarritos soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daily, she’s reminded of the flood and the toll on her family. From her upstairs bedroom window, she can see her former landlord slowly repairing the gutted tan house across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I miss that house,” she said. “When I see it, I feel sad they’re rebuilding the house, and it’s not for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994204\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994204\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house that Carla Escutia lived in for 19 years, which flooded in March 2023, can be seen from her bedroom window in the new apartment where she and her family live in Pajaro on Aug. 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re taking that chance’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The family now lives in a constant state of déjà vu, dwelling in the apartment complex they fled to when the debris-laden water ran up the walls of their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it floods again, where will we go when we just settled down? We’re taking that chance,” said Denia Escutia, who is in her third semester at Cabrillo Community College in Aptos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family’s choice — to return to the floodplain — is one other Californians will face as future storms intensify due to human-caused climate change. Thousands of miles of levees pen in rivers and streams across the state; much of that infrastructure, including the levee that protects Pajaro, is aging and is not built for these storms, which could cause major flooding in any given year. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2024/08/19/connecticut-floods-nyc-nj-rain-weather/\">1-in-1000-year storm flooded the Connecticut area last month\u003c/a>, and a similarly rare storm \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/atmospheric-river-la-storm-evacuations-damage-los-angeles-orange-riverside-san-bernardino-santa-barbara\">flooded parts of Los Angeles last February\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994207\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"615\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358-800x480.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358-1020x613.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows people making their way around a flooded neighborhood in the unincorporated community of Pajaro in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County on March 11, 2023. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is affecting these probabilities,” said Noah Diffenbaugh, professor of Earth system science at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. “What is clear is that the probability of extreme wet conditions is going up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storms that doused the region in 2023 were a small example of what Californians can expect, and they still oversaturated the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2023 Pajaro flood \u003ca href=\"https://hazards.colorado.edu/quick-response-report/toward-equitable-recovery-for-unincorporated-areas\">damaged 273 homes and destroyed five\u003c/a>. Most of the damaged homes were single-story, single-family residences, like the Escutias’, according to an assessment by Danielle Zoe Rivera, assistant professor of landscape architecture and environmental planning at UC Berkeley. She reviewed an early assessment of damaged structures from the Cal Fire Damage Inspection Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivera is trying to determine how many people moved back after the water receded. The Pájaro Valley Unified School District lost 2,043 of its 17,963 students between the 2022–23 and 2023–24 school years, which she said is a “hint at the scale of the displacement” but might not be due to the storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also reviewed the U.S. Postal Service records and found very few people moved from Pajaro after 2023. She said residents, facing the high cost of housing, appear to have chosen to “live through flooding” instead of finding a new place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe some people did leave, but the need for housing was so great in the region that people just instantly repopulated those flooded homes,” Rivera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994211\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994211\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-768x256.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: An aerial view of the broken levee in Pajaro on March 13, 2023. Right: A construction project is underway to stabilize and add height to the Pajaro levee on Aug. 20, 2024, after a breach in the levee flooded the community of Pajaro in March of 2023. \u003ccite>(Left: Jennifer Cain/Getty Images; Right: Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘An undersized levee system’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from lawmakers, the local flood agency quickly rebuilt the 400 feet of levee that ruptured. The restored section has the same amount of flood protection as the levee that failed, leaving Pajaro vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Residents still need to be a bit concerned because we are still living in a situation where we have an undersized levee system,” said Mark Strudley, executive director of the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency. “My hope is that if water starts touching this part of the levee system, we’re going to see less damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tommy Williams, chief of project management at the Army Corps in San Francisco, said the positive news is that the newly repaired section is “no longer the weakest link.” The bad news is that while crews frequently inspect the mostly earthen structure, the exact strength of the entire aging levee is nearly impossible to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993960\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993960\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Strudley, Executive Director of the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency, stands on the Pajaro levee on Aug. 20, 2024. A breach in the levee flooded the Pajaro community in March of 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Corps expects to break ground later this fall on a project to raise and widen nearly 14 miles of levee to strengthen it against future storms. Flood authorities won’t widen the main section that failed for several years, although Williams said the design work has started. They want to set the new levee back 100 feet from where it is today to give the river room to expand during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years before the recent flood, the Corps had officially rated the levee along the Pajaro River a “moderate” risk of flooding. The truth is that for decades, officials knew it needed repair but didn’t act. They determined that the town wasn’t worth protecting because property values were too low, according to levee records and interviews with several officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps’ plan will prepare the most populated areas for a 1-in-100-year flood — some experts believe that is only half the needed protection. With that level of protection, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982513/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california\">a house has a 25% chance of flooding\u003c/a> during a typical Pajaro homeowner’s 30-year mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living behind a makeshift levee scares residents and leaders of community groups like Regeneración – Pájaro Valley Climate Action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a ticking time bomb,” said Nancy Faulstich, director of the community group. “We all know there are vulnerabilities here, and with the acceleration of climate change, all bets are off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993958\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993958\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A construction project is underway to stabilize and add height to the Pajaro levee on Aug. 20, 2024, after a breach in the levee flooded the community of Pajaro in March of 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘I fear we’ll have to leave this one, too’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A Pajaro where all bets are off is a future the Escutias hope to escape. Denia Escutia wants to become a doctor and eventually buy “a big house or ranch where I can have my mom retire from her work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the family’s financial situation changes, that could prove difficult. \u003ca href=\"https://nlihc.org/oor\">The Santa Cruz-Watsonville region is the most out-of-reach metropolitan area in the country for rental homes\u003c/a>, according to the latest report by the National Low Income Housing Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1984643,news_11961759,news_11944295\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2024 study found a family like the Escutias would need a household hourly wage of $77.96 to afford a modest two-bedroom rental in this area without spending more than 30% of their income on housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people would have to work nearly five full-time jobs, with a minimum wage of $16 an hour, to afford just a regular rental in our county,” said Miriam Greenberg, professor of sociology at UC Santa Cruz and co-director of the Center for Critical Urban and Environmental Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenberg studies the intersection of housing and climate catastrophes. She said when a wildfire burns through a community, it displaces families and, in turn, can raise the rent price. She said the same thing happens when floods eliminate the number of rentals in a community and “compound an already dire situation for housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denia Escutia finds herself replaying the fear of flooding and displacement, even as she lays on her new trundle bed covered in lavender sheets surrounded by K-Pop posters and scissor-cut photos of her girlfriends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were forced to leave one house, and now we have another house,” she said. “I fear we’ll have to leave this one, too, and we might not find anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "KQED followed the Escutia family after they fled Pajaro following ferocious winter flooding. After struggling to find a place to live, they're back behind the levee — which won't be rebuilt for years. ",
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"title": "The Pajaro Flood Forced Them to Flee. California's High Rents Forced Them to Return | KQED",
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"headline": "The Pajaro Flood Forced Them to Flee. California's High Rents Forced Them to Return",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">C\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>arla Escutia fled with her three kids to the second story of an apartment building across the street when a storm burst an infamously weak levee outside their town of Pajaro in March 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They huddled and watched in horror as chocolate milk-colored flood water swamped their beige home and rendered their cars inoperable. When the California National Guard rescued her family, crammed into military vehicles, they swore they’d find a new place to live on higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the beginning of what would turn into a 16-month odyssey to find an affordable two-bedroom apartment, which can cost more than $3,000 in the area around Monterey County. The family cycled through a shelter, a trailer, group homes, rentals and couches at other family members’ houses. Escutia, a custodian at UC Santa Cruz, encountered landlords who wouldn’t accept applicants from single parents like her with little kids and teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said little kids would destroy the property,” Escutia explained. Some of the apartments cost as much as $4,000. “It was difficult. The prices were really high, and I couldn’t pay that much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3448175992&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only affordable option Escutia, 42, could find was an apartment back in Pajaro, but she did not want to put her kids through that trauma again. “I wanted to find something far away,” she said. Authorities have reinforced the crumbled section of the levee, but they admit it is still too small to protect Pajaro, a community of many lower-income earners and farmworkers who harvest strawberries and other crops near Watsonville and Monterey County. The Army Corps of Engineers, along with the state and the local flood agency, plan to build a new levee, but that project won’t be completed until at least 2031.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We left because we don’t want the same thing to happen again,” said her oldest daughter, Denia Escutia, who KQED profiled for the third season of its Sold Out podcast. The 19-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984643/reluctant-retreat-one-familys-fight-against-climate-induced-flooding\">deferred her dream of studying at UCLA\u003c/a> to help her mom, choosing to enroll in community college and working to help pay bills instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, the Escutias landed a spot for $1700 in a shared house with 12 people in Castroville, about 20 minutes from Watsonville. The family hated the cramped quarters and quickly resented their housemates who raided their bathroom for toilet paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994210\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994210\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-768x256.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-1-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Denia Escutia stands for a portrait outside her mud-coated bedroom in Pajaro, on March 24, 2023. Right: Denia Escutia sits in her new bedroom in Pajaro on Aug. 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Left: Kori Suzuki/KQED; Right: Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One family had a daughter who would go into our refrigerator and grab stuff,” said Denia Escutia, with shoulder-length chestnut brown hair and pearl-colored long acrylic nails. “We didn’t have our own space, and I was uncomfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, reality set in; Escutia wanted to get her three kids out. Beaten down by the reality of living in one of the most expensive areas in the country for rentals, she called the landlord in Pajaro and accepted the apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family would return to the floodplain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their nearly year-and-a-half-long housing search concluded right across the street from their old home in the same apartment complex where they had found refuge from the flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They moved in early August and now pay $1,900 for a freshly painted three-bedroom apartment. They knew the landlord and said he gave them a deal based on their relationship, and because of the flood risk, Escutia explained as she stirred sizzling chorizo and flipped homemade corn tortillas on a comal in her new thin galley kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were no options but this one,” Escutia said, her brown hair tied with a big black bow. “I am happy that I have my room and my kids have privacy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her new address is just one number different from her previous home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am scared the flooding might happen again, but I try to put it in the back of my head, telling myself it won’t happen for a few years and in a few years, we will probably not live here,” said Escutia, as she served her daughter a guava Jarritos soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daily, she’s reminded of the flood and the toll on her family. From her upstairs bedroom window, she can see her former landlord slowly repairing the gutted tan house across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I miss that house,” she said. “When I see it, I feel sad they’re rebuilding the house, and it’s not for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994204\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994204\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/240820-PajaroFolo-60-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house that Carla Escutia lived in for 19 years, which flooded in March 2023, can be seen from her bedroom window in the new apartment where she and her family live in Pajaro on Aug. 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re taking that chance’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The family now lives in a constant state of déjà vu, dwelling in the apartment complex they fled to when the debris-laden water ran up the walls of their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it floods again, where will we go when we just settled down? We’re taking that chance,” said Denia Escutia, who is in her third semester at Cabrillo Community College in Aptos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family’s choice — to return to the floodplain — is one other Californians will face as future storms intensify due to human-caused climate change. Thousands of miles of levees pen in rivers and streams across the state; much of that infrastructure, including the levee that protects Pajaro, is aging and is not built for these storms, which could cause major flooding in any given year. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2024/08/19/connecticut-floods-nyc-nj-rain-weather/\">1-in-1000-year storm flooded the Connecticut area last month\u003c/a>, and a similarly rare storm \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/atmospheric-river-la-storm-evacuations-damage-los-angeles-orange-riverside-san-bernardino-santa-barbara\">flooded parts of Los Angeles last February\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994207\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"615\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358-800x480.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358-1020x613.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/GettyImages-1248040358-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows people making their way around a flooded neighborhood in the unincorporated community of Pajaro in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County on March 11, 2023. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is affecting these probabilities,” said Noah Diffenbaugh, professor of Earth system science at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. “What is clear is that the probability of extreme wet conditions is going up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storms that doused the region in 2023 were a small example of what Californians can expect, and they still oversaturated the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2023 Pajaro flood \u003ca href=\"https://hazards.colorado.edu/quick-response-report/toward-equitable-recovery-for-unincorporated-areas\">damaged 273 homes and destroyed five\u003c/a>. Most of the damaged homes were single-story, single-family residences, like the Escutias’, according to an assessment by Danielle Zoe Rivera, assistant professor of landscape architecture and environmental planning at UC Berkeley. She reviewed an early assessment of damaged structures from the Cal Fire Damage Inspection Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivera is trying to determine how many people moved back after the water receded. The Pájaro Valley Unified School District lost 2,043 of its 17,963 students between the 2022–23 and 2023–24 school years, which she said is a “hint at the scale of the displacement” but might not be due to the storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also reviewed the U.S. Postal Service records and found very few people moved from Pajaro after 2023. She said residents, facing the high cost of housing, appear to have chosen to “live through flooding” instead of finding a new place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe some people did leave, but the need for housing was so great in the region that people just instantly repopulated those flooded homes,” Rivera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994211\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994211\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-768x256.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Pajaro-Diptych-2-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: An aerial view of the broken levee in Pajaro on March 13, 2023. Right: A construction project is underway to stabilize and add height to the Pajaro levee on Aug. 20, 2024, after a breach in the levee flooded the community of Pajaro in March of 2023. \u003ccite>(Left: Jennifer Cain/Getty Images; Right: Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘An undersized levee system’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from lawmakers, the local flood agency quickly rebuilt the 400 feet of levee that ruptured. The restored section has the same amount of flood protection as the levee that failed, leaving Pajaro vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Residents still need to be a bit concerned because we are still living in a situation where we have an undersized levee system,” said Mark Strudley, executive director of the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency. “My hope is that if water starts touching this part of the levee system, we’re going to see less damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tommy Williams, chief of project management at the Army Corps in San Francisco, said the positive news is that the newly repaired section is “no longer the weakest link.” The bad news is that while crews frequently inspect the mostly earthen structure, the exact strength of the entire aging levee is nearly impossible to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993960\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993960\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-33-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Strudley, Executive Director of the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency, stands on the Pajaro levee on Aug. 20, 2024. A breach in the levee flooded the Pajaro community in March of 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Corps expects to break ground later this fall on a project to raise and widen nearly 14 miles of levee to strengthen it against future storms. Flood authorities won’t widen the main section that failed for several years, although Williams said the design work has started. They want to set the new levee back 100 feet from where it is today to give the river room to expand during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years before the recent flood, the Corps had officially rated the levee along the Pajaro River a “moderate” risk of flooding. The truth is that for decades, officials knew it needed repair but didn’t act. They determined that the town wasn’t worth protecting because property values were too low, according to levee records and interviews with several officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps’ plan will prepare the most populated areas for a 1-in-100-year flood — some experts believe that is only half the needed protection. With that level of protection, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982513/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california\">a house has a 25% chance of flooding\u003c/a> during a typical Pajaro homeowner’s 30-year mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living behind a makeshift levee scares residents and leaders of community groups like Regeneración – Pájaro Valley Climate Action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a ticking time bomb,” said Nancy Faulstich, director of the community group. “We all know there are vulnerabilities here, and with the acceleration of climate change, all bets are off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993958\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993958\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/08/240820-PAJAROFOLO-12-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A construction project is underway to stabilize and add height to the Pajaro levee on Aug. 20, 2024, after a breach in the levee flooded the community of Pajaro in March of 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘I fear we’ll have to leave this one, too’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A Pajaro where all bets are off is a future the Escutias hope to escape. Denia Escutia wants to become a doctor and eventually buy “a big house or ranch where I can have my mom retire from her work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the family’s financial situation changes, that could prove difficult. \u003ca href=\"https://nlihc.org/oor\">The Santa Cruz-Watsonville region is the most out-of-reach metropolitan area in the country for rental homes\u003c/a>, according to the latest report by the National Low Income Housing Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2024 study found a family like the Escutias would need a household hourly wage of $77.96 to afford a modest two-bedroom rental in this area without spending more than 30% of their income on housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people would have to work nearly five full-time jobs, with a minimum wage of $16 an hour, to afford just a regular rental in our county,” said Miriam Greenberg, professor of sociology at UC Santa Cruz and co-director of the Center for Critical Urban and Environmental Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenberg studies the intersection of housing and climate catastrophes. She said when a wildfire burns through a community, it displaces families and, in turn, can raise the rent price. She said the same thing happens when floods eliminate the number of rentals in a community and “compound an already dire situation for housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denia Escutia finds herself replaying the fear of flooding and displacement, even as she lays on her new trundle bed covered in lavender sheets surrounded by K-Pop posters and scissor-cut photos of her girlfriends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were forced to leave one house, and now we have another house,” she said. “I fear we’ll have to leave this one, too, and we might not find anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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