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"content": "\u003cp>All that talk you’ve been hearing about El Niño coming to wash California out of its three-year drought: fahgettaboudit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal \u003ca title=\"NOAA - CPC - ENSO\" href=\"http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/\">scientists now say\u003c/a> the odds of those peculiar ocean conditions often associated with wet winters here have diminished substantially, and there’s now about a 65 percent chance of El Niño by late fall-early winter, right when we’d be hoping for rain and snow to return. As recently as a month ago, modelers at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center had those odds pegged closer to 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s a flop.’\u003ccite>— Bill Patzert, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More important is the anticipated strength of the pattern, which NOAA forecasters now characterize as “weak.” That means that surface waters in the eastern Pacific aren’t warming up as much as expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA climatologist Bill Patzert says he would “take it down another notch or two,” even from that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a flop,” says Patzert, who watches ocean and atmospheric patterns from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/rimfire/elninoslider.html\" width=\"630\" height=\"540\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The images above show warming (red) waters in the Pacific that indicate El Nino. Use the slider in the center to move back and forth between images and note how much the warming has dissipated in recent months. (NASA/JPL)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters had been more optimistic last spring, when they saw what looked like the potential for a big honkin’ El Niño, just in time for the rainy season. Typically it’s only stronger El Niños that exert enough influence on the atmosphere to produce heavy rains in California, and those are relatively rare events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That El Niño that was really coming on like gangbusters in the spring has virtually disappeared at this point,” says Patzert. “Unless we see a miraculous resurgence, any hope for an El Niño soaking this winter is pretty much in the rear-view mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert calls this a “classic false start” for El Niño, which he says is not that unusual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key, he says, is the strong trade winds that blow from the Americas toward Asia, piling up warm water toward the western side of the Pacific. When those winds abate, that warmer surface water starts sloshing back toward us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately as summer showed up, those trade winds had a resurgence, and whatever we had in terms of warm water in the central and eastern Pacific had disappeared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t necessarily mean a fourth dry winter. Patzert says other forces could work in our favor; the stubborn ridge of high pressure that parked along California’s coast last winter and forced the usual Pacific storms to detour north, could just as easily give way this year. If it does, says Patzert, “We could have one wet, cold storm after another making its way down the length of California, and that would certainly be sweet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño is technically one phase of what scientists call the El Niño Southern Oscillation. It’s opposite is known as La Niña, characterized by colder surface temperatures and drier times in California. Forecasters see very little likelihood of La Niña conditions in the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>All that talk you’ve been hearing about El Niño coming to wash California out of its three-year drought: fahgettaboudit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal \u003ca title=\"NOAA - CPC - ENSO\" href=\"http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/\">scientists now say\u003c/a> the odds of those peculiar ocean conditions often associated with wet winters here have diminished substantially, and there’s now about a 65 percent chance of El Niño by late fall-early winter, right when we’d be hoping for rain and snow to return. As recently as a month ago, modelers at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center had those odds pegged closer to 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s a flop.’\u003ccite>— Bill Patzert, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More important is the anticipated strength of the pattern, which NOAA forecasters now characterize as “weak.” That means that surface waters in the eastern Pacific aren’t warming up as much as expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA climatologist Bill Patzert says he would “take it down another notch or two,” even from that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a flop,” says Patzert, who watches ocean and atmospheric patterns from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/rimfire/elninoslider.html\" width=\"630\" height=\"540\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The images above show warming (red) waters in the Pacific that indicate El Nino. Use the slider in the center to move back and forth between images and note how much the warming has dissipated in recent months. (NASA/JPL)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters had been more optimistic last spring, when they saw what looked like the potential for a big honkin’ El Niño, just in time for the rainy season. Typically it’s only stronger El Niños that exert enough influence on the atmosphere to produce heavy rains in California, and those are relatively rare events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That El Niño that was really coming on like gangbusters in the spring has virtually disappeared at this point,” says Patzert. “Unless we see a miraculous resurgence, any hope for an El Niño soaking this winter is pretty much in the rear-view mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert calls this a “classic false start” for El Niño, which he says is not that unusual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key, he says, is the strong trade winds that blow from the Americas toward Asia, piling up warm water toward the western side of the Pacific. When those winds abate, that warmer surface water starts sloshing back toward us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately as summer showed up, those trade winds had a resurgence, and whatever we had in terms of warm water in the central and eastern Pacific had disappeared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t necessarily mean a fourth dry winter. Patzert says other forces could work in our favor; the stubborn ridge of high pressure that parked along California’s coast last winter and forced the usual Pacific storms to detour north, could just as easily give way this year. If it does, says Patzert, “We could have one wet, cold storm after another making its way down the length of California, and that would certainly be sweet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño is technically one phase of what scientists call the El Niño Southern Oscillation. It’s opposite is known as La Niña, characterized by colder surface temperatures and drier times in California. Forecasters see very little likelihood of La Niña conditions in the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Artist Will Take a 13-Hour Watery Stand to Draw Attention to Rising Seas",
"headTitle": "Artist Will Take a 13-Hour Watery Stand to Draw Attention to Rising Seas | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20300\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/cover-shot.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/cover-shot.jpg\" alt=\"Sarah Cameron Sunde stands through a tidal cycle in Bass Harbor, Maine\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sarah Cameron Sunde stands through a tidal cycle in Bass Harbor, Maine on August 15, 2013. (Maridee Slater)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On August 15th, performance artist Sarah Cameron Sunde will stand in the San Francisco Bay for a tidal cycle of over thirteen hours. At high tide, she’ll be covered up to her neck. This is the third iteration of her \u003ca title=\"36.5 Water Project\" href=\"http://www.365waterproject.org/\">36.5 water project\u003c/a>, which dramatizes the challenge of rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving up sea levels around the globe at an accelerating rate. Tidal gauges show that San Francisco Bay has already risen by 8 inches since 1900. Scientists estimate a further 16-inch rise by 2050, and 55 inches by 2100. The \u003ca title=\"BCDC - Living with a Rising Bay\" href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/BPA/LivingWithRisingBay.pdf\">Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a> has used these numbers to project land loss of 281 and 333 square miles, respectively, including residential developments, schools and health care centers, roads and airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20310\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/climate_change_maps_regional55-e1407207820328.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20310 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/climate_change_maps_regional55-e1407207820328.jpg\" alt=\"Potential inundation caused by 55-inch sea level rise by 2100.\" width=\"300\" height=\"307\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potential inundation caused by 55-inch sea level rise by 2100. San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission. Sea level rise data provided by USGS. Knowles, N. 2008. Siegel, S.W. and P. A. M. Bachand, 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These numbers are personal for Sunde, who grew up in the Bay Area. But it was the destruction Hurricane Sandy wrought on her current home of New York in 2012 that planted the seeds of the 36.5 water project. “All of a sudden I understood in a bigger way that everything is ephemeral,” she says. “In a hundred years from now, or even in my lifetime, it’s very possible that people will have to leave, that the city won’t be able to survive the change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She took these thoughts with her to an artist residency in Maine, where she spent time on the coast, watching the tide come in. “After seeing a rock getting swallowed, I imagined a body out there in the water, and how beautiful an image that would be.” As a director, she immediately began to wonder who she could cast, then realized, “That’s insane; no one is going to do this for me. Three days later I was in the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Is Your Relationship With the Water?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After standing through an enormous ten and a half foot tidal fluctuation in Maine, Sunde’s second performance could seem anticlimactic. In Akumal, Mexico, for another residency, she stood patiently for twelve hours through a tidal shift of just one foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while Maine had been a private performance for her fellow artists, she sought to involve the local community in Akumal. She interviewed locals before her performance, asking: what is your relationship with the water? “Everyone had such a different response, but such a powerful response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akumal is on the Yucatán in the Caribbean, a region highly dependent on coastal tourism and therefore highly vulnerable to sea level rise. According to the \u003ca title=\"UCS - Climate Hot Map\" href=\"http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-locations/cancun-mexico.html\">Union of Concerned Scientists\u003c/a>, “Relative to the size of the economy, the Caribbean is the world’s most tourism-dependent region. If climate change makes this region less appealing to tourists because hotels have diminishing beaches, or because resorts experience flooding, the region could suffer serious economic losses and growing poverty.” Forty inches of sea level rise, for example, would flood hundreds of miles of roads and a third of all Caribbean airports. The Mexican government has attempted to rebuild beaches that are already eroding, but such projects are hugely expensive and only postpone the inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/sarah-BTS-end-moment-e1407207221378.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20301 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/sarah-BTS-end-moment-e1407207221378.jpg\" alt=\"spontaneously joined the artist at the end of her performance in Akumal, Mexico\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Onlookers spontaneously joined the artist at the end of her performance in Akumal, Mexico, on February 15, 2014. (Scott Brown)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the last hour of Sunde’s Akumal performance, a member of the audience walked out to join her, then another and another, until seven people stood together in the sea. “It was totally spontaneous and it really moved me,” she says. So in San Francisco, she’s explicitly inviting the public to join her in the water. “What I’m imaging is that people will show up whenever they can, and they’ll come and stand with me for half an hour, or as long as they want to, and then they’ll leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t expect anyone to stay through the entire 13-hour, 5-foot tidal cycle, during which she will eat nothing. She will drink water, either brought by kayak or worn in a backpack. “I want it to be hard, but I don’t want to get hypothermia and die,” she says. She plans to wear a wetsuit, or possibly a drysuit—although I’m afraid your humble correspondent may have discouraged her from the warmer course of action. “In a drysuit, you couldn’t pee, could you?” said Sunde after I pointed out that particular drawback. “My God, I didn’t really think about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thinking Globally, Yet Intimately\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Francisco, Sunde will move her project around the world. The next stop will be Europe, where she plans to stand through a tidal cycle in one of the cities most intimately aware of rising seas: Amsterdam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Netherlands was fighting to stay dry centuries before the Industrial Revolution heralded anthropogenic climate change. The country is at once uniquely vulnerable, and uniquely prepared to cope. The Dutch have been keeping the sea at bay with an ever-increasingly sophisticated system of dikes, floodgates, and sea walls. But now they’ve begun to work \u003ca title=\"NPR - Dutch Embrace Floods\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18229027\">with the water rather than against it\u003c/a>, lowering certain dikes to allow flooding and reduce the pressure in other parts of the system. They’re even experimenting with floating housing developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20306\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Maine-e1407206859286.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20306 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Maine-e1407206859286.jpg\" alt=\"Low and high tide during Sunde's first 36.5 performance in Bass Harbor, Maine.\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low and high tide during Sunde’s first 36.5 performance in Bass Harbor, Maine. (Maridee Slater)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sunde’s husband grew up in the Netherlands, making this a very personal destination for the artist. In fact, she is choosing all of her sites based on intimate connections with her own life. This is art in extremely mixed media: a single human, the world ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunde hopes her performance will grow with each iteration. Locals will join her in the water, and friends and colleagues around the world will stand with her in spirit. “There’s got to be a way to encourage collective thinking. I believe in that. If we all put our minds on something, good can happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you show up at \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia - Aquatic Park\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_Park_Historic_District\">Aquatic Park\u003c/a> on August 15th between 9:26am and 10:31pm, you’ll see Sunde and her video crew. You can sit and watch from a variety of vantage points, and you can wade out and join her for a time. At 4:09 pm, high tide, the water will be at her neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another eight-inch rise in sea level would cover her head.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A performance artist will stand in San Francisco Bay for a tidal cycle of thirteen hours to dramatize the challenge of rising seas. At high tide, she'll be covered up to her neck.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20300\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/cover-shot.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/cover-shot.jpg\" alt=\"Sarah Cameron Sunde stands through a tidal cycle in Bass Harbor, Maine\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sarah Cameron Sunde stands through a tidal cycle in Bass Harbor, Maine on August 15, 2013. (Maridee Slater)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On August 15th, performance artist Sarah Cameron Sunde will stand in the San Francisco Bay for a tidal cycle of over thirteen hours. At high tide, she’ll be covered up to her neck. This is the third iteration of her \u003ca title=\"36.5 Water Project\" href=\"http://www.365waterproject.org/\">36.5 water project\u003c/a>, which dramatizes the challenge of rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving up sea levels around the globe at an accelerating rate. Tidal gauges show that San Francisco Bay has already risen by 8 inches since 1900. Scientists estimate a further 16-inch rise by 2050, and 55 inches by 2100. The \u003ca title=\"BCDC - Living with a Rising Bay\" href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/BPA/LivingWithRisingBay.pdf\">Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a> has used these numbers to project land loss of 281 and 333 square miles, respectively, including residential developments, schools and health care centers, roads and airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20310\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/climate_change_maps_regional55-e1407207820328.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20310 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/climate_change_maps_regional55-e1407207820328.jpg\" alt=\"Potential inundation caused by 55-inch sea level rise by 2100.\" width=\"300\" height=\"307\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potential inundation caused by 55-inch sea level rise by 2100. San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission. Sea level rise data provided by USGS. Knowles, N. 2008. Siegel, S.W. and P. A. M. Bachand, 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These numbers are personal for Sunde, who grew up in the Bay Area. But it was the destruction Hurricane Sandy wrought on her current home of New York in 2012 that planted the seeds of the 36.5 water project. “All of a sudden I understood in a bigger way that everything is ephemeral,” she says. “In a hundred years from now, or even in my lifetime, it’s very possible that people will have to leave, that the city won’t be able to survive the change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She took these thoughts with her to an artist residency in Maine, where she spent time on the coast, watching the tide come in. “After seeing a rock getting swallowed, I imagined a body out there in the water, and how beautiful an image that would be.” As a director, she immediately began to wonder who she could cast, then realized, “That’s insane; no one is going to do this for me. Three days later I was in the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Is Your Relationship With the Water?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After standing through an enormous ten and a half foot tidal fluctuation in Maine, Sunde’s second performance could seem anticlimactic. In Akumal, Mexico, for another residency, she stood patiently for twelve hours through a tidal shift of just one foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while Maine had been a private performance for her fellow artists, she sought to involve the local community in Akumal. She interviewed locals before her performance, asking: what is your relationship with the water? “Everyone had such a different response, but such a powerful response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akumal is on the Yucatán in the Caribbean, a region highly dependent on coastal tourism and therefore highly vulnerable to sea level rise. According to the \u003ca title=\"UCS - Climate Hot Map\" href=\"http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-locations/cancun-mexico.html\">Union of Concerned Scientists\u003c/a>, “Relative to the size of the economy, the Caribbean is the world’s most tourism-dependent region. If climate change makes this region less appealing to tourists because hotels have diminishing beaches, or because resorts experience flooding, the region could suffer serious economic losses and growing poverty.” Forty inches of sea level rise, for example, would flood hundreds of miles of roads and a third of all Caribbean airports. The Mexican government has attempted to rebuild beaches that are already eroding, but such projects are hugely expensive and only postpone the inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/sarah-BTS-end-moment-e1407207221378.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20301 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/sarah-BTS-end-moment-e1407207221378.jpg\" alt=\"spontaneously joined the artist at the end of her performance in Akumal, Mexico\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Onlookers spontaneously joined the artist at the end of her performance in Akumal, Mexico, on February 15, 2014. (Scott Brown)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the last hour of Sunde’s Akumal performance, a member of the audience walked out to join her, then another and another, until seven people stood together in the sea. “It was totally spontaneous and it really moved me,” she says. So in San Francisco, she’s explicitly inviting the public to join her in the water. “What I’m imaging is that people will show up whenever they can, and they’ll come and stand with me for half an hour, or as long as they want to, and then they’ll leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t expect anyone to stay through the entire 13-hour, 5-foot tidal cycle, during which she will eat nothing. She will drink water, either brought by kayak or worn in a backpack. “I want it to be hard, but I don’t want to get hypothermia and die,” she says. She plans to wear a wetsuit, or possibly a drysuit—although I’m afraid your humble correspondent may have discouraged her from the warmer course of action. “In a drysuit, you couldn’t pee, could you?” said Sunde after I pointed out that particular drawback. “My God, I didn’t really think about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thinking Globally, Yet Intimately\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Francisco, Sunde will move her project around the world. The next stop will be Europe, where she plans to stand through a tidal cycle in one of the cities most intimately aware of rising seas: Amsterdam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Netherlands was fighting to stay dry centuries before the Industrial Revolution heralded anthropogenic climate change. The country is at once uniquely vulnerable, and uniquely prepared to cope. The Dutch have been keeping the sea at bay with an ever-increasingly sophisticated system of dikes, floodgates, and sea walls. But now they’ve begun to work \u003ca title=\"NPR - Dutch Embrace Floods\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18229027\">with the water rather than against it\u003c/a>, lowering certain dikes to allow flooding and reduce the pressure in other parts of the system. They’re even experimenting with floating housing developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20306\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Maine-e1407206859286.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20306 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Maine-e1407206859286.jpg\" alt=\"Low and high tide during Sunde's first 36.5 performance in Bass Harbor, Maine.\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low and high tide during Sunde’s first 36.5 performance in Bass Harbor, Maine. (Maridee Slater)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sunde’s husband grew up in the Netherlands, making this a very personal destination for the artist. In fact, she is choosing all of her sites based on intimate connections with her own life. This is art in extremely mixed media: a single human, the world ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunde hopes her performance will grow with each iteration. Locals will join her in the water, and friends and colleagues around the world will stand with her in spirit. “There’s got to be a way to encourage collective thinking. I believe in that. If we all put our minds on something, good can happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you show up at \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia - Aquatic Park\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_Park_Historic_District\">Aquatic Park\u003c/a> on August 15th between 9:26am and 10:31pm, you’ll see Sunde and her video crew. You can sit and watch from a variety of vantage points, and you can wade out and join her for a time. At 4:09 pm, high tide, the water will be at her neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Drought Becomes Top Environmental Priority for Californians",
"headTitle": "Drought Becomes Top Environmental Priority for Californians | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19721\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Sprinklers_RS11169_53298936-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19721\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Sprinklers_RS11169_53298936-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Poll: Californians favor mandatory water restrictions by a 3-to-1 margin. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poll: Californians favor mandatory water restrictions by a 3-to-1 margin. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drought has moved to the top of the list in the latest survey of Californians’ environmental worries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statewide poll conducted during the second week of July, more than a third of respondents (35 percent) cited water supply and drought as “the most important environmental issue facing California today.” That more than doubled the second most popular response, which was air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the first time since the annual survey was launched in 2000 that Californians have cited water supply as their top concern, according to Mark Baldassare at the \u003ca title=\"PPIC - main\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>, which conducts the annual “Californians and Their Environment” poll. Even when asked the question in the drought year of 2009, only 18 percent pinpointed water supply as their biggest concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other environmental concern, such as climate change, water pollution or traffic even cracked double digits in the latest survey. Only 2 percent \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/14/anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots/\">cited fracking\u003c/a> — or \u003ca title=\"Lowdown - fracking\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2013/09/27/animated-explainer-whats-all-the-fuss-about-fracking-in-california/\">hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a> — to recover oil and gas as their top concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half the respondents (54 percent) said they considered water supply to be a “big problem” in their part of the state. About one in four considered it “somewhat of a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘People recognize that we’re in a serious situation.’\u003ccite>— Mark Baldassare, PPIC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And most indicated at least some willingness to do their part in conserving water. An impressive 3 out of 4 in the PPIC survey favored “mandatory” requirements to reduce water use. Only 23 percent were opposed to the idea, though many urban water agencies have been slow to put mandatory conservation in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because they favor mandatory reductions doesn’t mean it won’t be controversial when they’re asked to do so,” said Baldassare, who heads the annual survey. “But people recognize that we’re in a serious situation today and something’s gotta give.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Support for Water Bond\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this fretting about the drought may be driving support for a big \u003ca title=\"SacBee - post\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/07/05/6536142/california-water-bond-the-burning.html\">water bond\u003c/a> that may appear on November’s ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of self-described likely voters (51 percent) said they would vote today for $11.1 billion of borrowing to fund projects to make the state more drought-resilient, such as new reservoirs. The poll found even stronger support “if it was a lower amount.” Indications are that if the water bond makes it to the the statewide ballot, it will likely be valued at something less than $10 billion. Governor Jerry Brown has said he’d like to keep it down to something in the $6 billion range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Climate Connection\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about potential impacts from the changing climate, drought once again floated to the top of people’s worry list. Sixty-four percent said they were “very concerned.” Respondents showed considerably more concern for extended droughts and more severe wildfires as a consequence of climate change, than they did for other projected impacts such as heat waves (44 percent “very concerned”) and rising seas (32 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when asked to cite the main reason for the state’s current drought, only 38 percent pinned it on global warming. More than half (51 percent) said they thought it was more the result of “natural weather patterns,” an indication that many still see the direct impacts of climate change as a problem for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PPIC poll has a margin of error of plus-or-minus 3.7 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19721\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Sprinklers_RS11169_53298936-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19721\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Sprinklers_RS11169_53298936-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Poll: Californians favor mandatory water restrictions by a 3-to-1 margin. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poll: Californians favor mandatory water restrictions by a 3-to-1 margin. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drought has moved to the top of the list in the latest survey of Californians’ environmental worries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statewide poll conducted during the second week of July, more than a third of respondents (35 percent) cited water supply and drought as “the most important environmental issue facing California today.” That more than doubled the second most popular response, which was air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the first time since the annual survey was launched in 2000 that Californians have cited water supply as their top concern, according to Mark Baldassare at the \u003ca title=\"PPIC - main\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>, which conducts the annual “Californians and Their Environment” poll. Even when asked the question in the drought year of 2009, only 18 percent pinpointed water supply as their biggest concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other environmental concern, such as climate change, water pollution or traffic even cracked double digits in the latest survey. Only 2 percent \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/14/anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots/\">cited fracking\u003c/a> — or \u003ca title=\"Lowdown - fracking\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2013/09/27/animated-explainer-whats-all-the-fuss-about-fracking-in-california/\">hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a> — to recover oil and gas as their top concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half the respondents (54 percent) said they considered water supply to be a “big problem” in their part of the state. About one in four considered it “somewhat of a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘People recognize that we’re in a serious situation.’\u003ccite>— Mark Baldassare, PPIC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And most indicated at least some willingness to do their part in conserving water. An impressive 3 out of 4 in the PPIC survey favored “mandatory” requirements to reduce water use. Only 23 percent were opposed to the idea, though many urban water agencies have been slow to put mandatory conservation in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because they favor mandatory reductions doesn’t mean it won’t be controversial when they’re asked to do so,” said Baldassare, who heads the annual survey. “But people recognize that we’re in a serious situation today and something’s gotta give.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Support for Water Bond\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this fretting about the drought may be driving support for a big \u003ca title=\"SacBee - post\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/07/05/6536142/california-water-bond-the-burning.html\">water bond\u003c/a> that may appear on November’s ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of self-described likely voters (51 percent) said they would vote today for $11.1 billion of borrowing to fund projects to make the state more drought-resilient, such as new reservoirs. The poll found even stronger support “if it was a lower amount.” Indications are that if the water bond makes it to the the statewide ballot, it will likely be valued at something less than $10 billion. Governor Jerry Brown has said he’d like to keep it down to something in the $6 billion range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Climate Connection\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about potential impacts from the changing climate, drought once again floated to the top of people’s worry list. Sixty-four percent said they were “very concerned.” Respondents showed considerably more concern for extended droughts and more severe wildfires as a consequence of climate change, than they did for other projected impacts such as heat waves (44 percent “very concerned”) and rising seas (32 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when asked to cite the main reason for the state’s current drought, only 38 percent pinned it on global warming. More than half (51 percent) said they thought it was more the result of “natural weather patterns,” an indication that many still see the direct impacts of climate change as a problem for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PPIC poll has a margin of error of plus-or-minus 3.7 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Richmond Nearly Ready to Approve Chevron Refinery Project",
"headTitle": "Richmond Nearly Ready to Approve Chevron Refinery Project | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19710\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/chevron-e1406149837331.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19710\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/chevron-e1406149837331.jpg\" alt=\"The Chevron Refinery in Richmond is looking to increase its capacity to process crude oil with higher sulfur content.\" width=\"639\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chevron Refinery in Richmond is looking to increase its capacity to process crude oil with higher sulfur content. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Sara Hossaini and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Richmond City Council is slated to decide in one week whether to give final approval to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/chevron-tries-again-with-richmond-refinery-revamp/\">Chevron’s plans for a $1 billion project\u003c/a> at its refinery there. The council is now considering what conditions to place on the project, if it’s approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing Tuesday night drew about 500 people; nearly 200 signed up to speak during the public comment period, both for and against the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They come to us with plans to modernize only a part of their operation that will allow much dirtier sources of crude oil to be processed,” said Richmond resident Robert Bishop, “and to make millions and millions of dollars more profit each year by doing so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the goals of the project is to allow Chevron to refine crude with a higher sulfur content. The industry calls this “sour” crude; environmental groups call it “dirty” crude. Bishop said the project shouldn’t get the green light unless the council imposes the stricter conditions recommended by the city’s Planning Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups suggested those conditions and Chevron is appealing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil company has, however, agreed to a plan submitted by Attorney General Kamala Harris, and included in the EIR as Alternative 11. That alternative, unlike Chevron’s original proposal, would reduce how much sulfur the refinery could process, and would not increase greenhouse gas emissions. Chevron’s preferred plan would have allowed an increase in greenhouse gas emissions to be offset by carbon credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has also agreed to double community investment dollars over the next decade, to $60 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would benefit all Richmond residents, said Chevron employee Suzanne Jackson. “A cleaner, newer, safer refinery will continue to support the bridge of the gap between social and economic change here in Richmond,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Planning Commission Approval\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Richmond’s planning commission \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/07/11/round-2-of-richmond-hearing-on-chevron-refinery-plan/\">approved the environmental impact report\u003c/a> for the project, recommending the city council approve Alternative 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a good project before, it’s a really great project now, so we’re very hopeful,” said Chevron spokeswoman Melissa Ritchie. “Greenhouse gas emissions will not increase as result of project, they will actually decrease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planning commission also set forth a series of conditions proposed by environmental groups, and Chevron has appealed all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One condition would require stricter pollution emission standards, the second would require a more thorough upgrade of parts of the refinery that handle highly corrosive high-sulfur crude oil, and the third would require the company to participate in “climate justice mitigation,” reportedly including a clean-energy jobs program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff for the city council \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/0.ARF-and-FINAL-REPORT-CVRN-CC-7-22-2014.pdf\">oppose those conditions\u003c/a>, saying they are outside the scope of the EIR, or outside the jurisdiction of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Another Lawsuit?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without those additional conditions, Andrés Soto from CBE says he’s concerned Chevron’s lower emissions goals would be unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just doesn’t have any teeth in it,” Soto said, of the possibility of adopting the lower-emissions scheme without the additional conditions. “We think not only would it be the wrong decision, we think it would be legally challengeable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If so, this would not be the first time Chevron’s refinery project went to the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, called a modernization by the company and an expansion by its detractors, is a scaled-down version of an earlier proposal. That one was approved both by the Richmond planning commission and the city council in 2008, before environmental groups including Communities for a Better Environment successfully sued to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city council plans to decide on the fate of the project at a meeting next week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Richmond City Council is considering Chevron's plans for a $1 billion project at its refinery there. If it's approved, this is one of the last steps before construction on the project would actually begin.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19710\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/chevron-e1406149837331.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19710\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/chevron-e1406149837331.jpg\" alt=\"The Chevron Refinery in Richmond is looking to increase its capacity to process crude oil with higher sulfur content.\" width=\"639\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chevron Refinery in Richmond is looking to increase its capacity to process crude oil with higher sulfur content. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Sara Hossaini and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Richmond City Council is slated to decide in one week whether to give final approval to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/chevron-tries-again-with-richmond-refinery-revamp/\">Chevron’s plans for a $1 billion project\u003c/a> at its refinery there. The council is now considering what conditions to place on the project, if it’s approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing Tuesday night drew about 500 people; nearly 200 signed up to speak during the public comment period, both for and against the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They come to us with plans to modernize only a part of their operation that will allow much dirtier sources of crude oil to be processed,” said Richmond resident Robert Bishop, “and to make millions and millions of dollars more profit each year by doing so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the goals of the project is to allow Chevron to refine crude with a higher sulfur content. The industry calls this “sour” crude; environmental groups call it “dirty” crude. Bishop said the project shouldn’t get the green light unless the council imposes the stricter conditions recommended by the city’s Planning Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups suggested those conditions and Chevron is appealing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil company has, however, agreed to a plan submitted by Attorney General Kamala Harris, and included in the EIR as Alternative 11. That alternative, unlike Chevron’s original proposal, would reduce how much sulfur the refinery could process, and would not increase greenhouse gas emissions. Chevron’s preferred plan would have allowed an increase in greenhouse gas emissions to be offset by carbon credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has also agreed to double community investment dollars over the next decade, to $60 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would benefit all Richmond residents, said Chevron employee Suzanne Jackson. “A cleaner, newer, safer refinery will continue to support the bridge of the gap between social and economic change here in Richmond,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Planning Commission Approval\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Richmond’s planning commission \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/07/11/round-2-of-richmond-hearing-on-chevron-refinery-plan/\">approved the environmental impact report\u003c/a> for the project, recommending the city council approve Alternative 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a good project before, it’s a really great project now, so we’re very hopeful,” said Chevron spokeswoman Melissa Ritchie. “Greenhouse gas emissions will not increase as result of project, they will actually decrease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planning commission also set forth a series of conditions proposed by environmental groups, and Chevron has appealed all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One condition would require stricter pollution emission standards, the second would require a more thorough upgrade of parts of the refinery that handle highly corrosive high-sulfur crude oil, and the third would require the company to participate in “climate justice mitigation,” reportedly including a clean-energy jobs program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff for the city council \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/0.ARF-and-FINAL-REPORT-CVRN-CC-7-22-2014.pdf\">oppose those conditions\u003c/a>, saying they are outside the scope of the EIR, or outside the jurisdiction of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Another Lawsuit?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without those additional conditions, Andrés Soto from CBE says he’s concerned Chevron’s lower emissions goals would be unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just doesn’t have any teeth in it,” Soto said, of the possibility of adopting the lower-emissions scheme without the additional conditions. “We think not only would it be the wrong decision, we think it would be legally challengeable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If so, this would not be the first time Chevron’s refinery project went to the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, called a modernization by the company and an expansion by its detractors, is a scaled-down version of an earlier proposal. That one was approved both by the Richmond planning commission and the city council in 2008, before environmental groups including Communities for a Better Environment successfully sued to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city council plans to decide on the fate of the project at a meeting next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California's Drought is Hurting Farmers More Than Food Consumers",
"headTitle": "California’s Drought is Hurting Farmers More Than Food Consumers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19423\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DixonHay_4603.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19423\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DixonHay_4603.jpg\" alt=\"A hayfield being mowed in the Sacramento Valley. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hayfield being mowed in the Sacramento Valley. The drought has pushed up prices for alfalfa hay in California by about 20 percent, but most food prices have remained more stable. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Economists estimate that the California drought will inflict about $2.2 billion of losses on the state’s farm economy this year, including the loss of more than 17,000 jobs. \u003ca title=\"UCD - ag drought rpt\" href=\"http://bit.ly/U7vqFy\">The analysis\u003c/a>, produced by UC Davis and the consulting firm ERA Economics, projects that about 430,000 farm acres will go unplanted for lack of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the same Davis study team was already projecting that the current drought would take about 410,000 acres of Central Valley farm land out of production — nearly twice the area fallowed during the 2009 drought, about doubling the agricultural job losses as well. Karen Ross, who heads California’s Department of Food and Agriculture, which commissioned the study, says this is the first time the state has attempted a thorough assessment of the socioeconomic impacts of a California drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19437\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19437 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DroughtImpactsChart_UCD.jpg\" alt=\"(UCD/ERA Economics)\" width=\"474\" height=\"348\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(UCD/ERA Economics)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the overall impact is a relatively small fraction of California’s $42 billion farm economy, economist Richard Howitt, one of the study’s co-authors, says the drought will produce “pockets of extreme deprivation,” especially in the San Joaquin Valley and the arid corner of the Valley’s farm belt known as the Tulare Basin. Ross says it’s already evident from lines forming at food banks in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Don’t count on El Niño for anything.’ \u003ccite>— Jay Lund, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Howitt says that the drought is so far having a lesser affect on food prices and is unlikely to produce shortages in supermarkets — at least not yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With a drought, you’re never really sure when it’s gonna end,” cautions Jay Lund, co-founder of the Center for Watershed Studies at UC Davis. His calculations \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/15/oddsmaking-on-a-fourth-drought-year-for-california/\">favor the odds of a fourth dry year\u003c/a>, with the chance of a “critically dry” year — like this one — about one in three. That’s despite talk of possible El Niño conditions forming in the Pacific, often seen mistakenly as a harbinger of rain. “Don’t count on El Niño for anything,” says Lund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Groundwater at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fourth year of drought would change the game dramatically. A major reason for that is the aggressive pumping of groundwater that farmers have turned to in the absence of normal deliveries from reservoirs and canals. The Davis team estimates that increased pumping from aquifers could offset three-quarters of the surface water shortfall. But that can’t go on forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s quite clear that the underground groundwater is the reserve bank account,” says Howitt. “We’re like somebody who is so rich, they don’t have to balance their checkbook,” he told reporters in a briefing at the National Press Club, “because we still think we’re in a groundwater-rich era. Every other Western state has started to measure its groundwater and we don’t even measure our groundwater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may well be the year that changes. California \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/22/california-edging-closer-to-regulating-groundwater-for-the-first-time/\">may be closer than ever\u003c/a> to some political consensus toward tracking and regulating groundwater pumping. By next year at this time, farmers may not have as much leeway to pump, with or without state regulation. The price of pumping is rising steadily as shrinking aquifers require deeper wells. And the Davis team estimates that in some areas, as many as 15 percent of shallower wells could run dry within a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the drought relief bill under consideration in Congress, Ross said it appears to be “on pause” currently and gave it a 50-50 chance of eventual passage. Ross, Lund and Howitt are in Washington D.C. to meet with lawmakers about the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a cruel paradox, federal climate watchers reported that overall, the contiguous U.S. just had its sixth wettest June on record, though drought persists throughout much of the southwest.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Economists estimate that the drought will cost the state's farm economy about $2.2 billion this year, including the loss of more than 17,000 jobs.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19423\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DixonHay_4603.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19423\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DixonHay_4603.jpg\" alt=\"A hayfield being mowed in the Sacramento Valley. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hayfield being mowed in the Sacramento Valley. The drought has pushed up prices for alfalfa hay in California by about 20 percent, but most food prices have remained more stable. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Economists estimate that the California drought will inflict about $2.2 billion of losses on the state’s farm economy this year, including the loss of more than 17,000 jobs. \u003ca title=\"UCD - ag drought rpt\" href=\"http://bit.ly/U7vqFy\">The analysis\u003c/a>, produced by UC Davis and the consulting firm ERA Economics, projects that about 430,000 farm acres will go unplanted for lack of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the same Davis study team was already projecting that the current drought would take about 410,000 acres of Central Valley farm land out of production — nearly twice the area fallowed during the 2009 drought, about doubling the agricultural job losses as well. Karen Ross, who heads California’s Department of Food and Agriculture, which commissioned the study, says this is the first time the state has attempted a thorough assessment of the socioeconomic impacts of a California drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19437\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19437 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DroughtImpactsChart_UCD.jpg\" alt=\"(UCD/ERA Economics)\" width=\"474\" height=\"348\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(UCD/ERA Economics)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the overall impact is a relatively small fraction of California’s $42 billion farm economy, economist Richard Howitt, one of the study’s co-authors, says the drought will produce “pockets of extreme deprivation,” especially in the San Joaquin Valley and the arid corner of the Valley’s farm belt known as the Tulare Basin. Ross says it’s already evident from lines forming at food banks in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Don’t count on El Niño for anything.’ \u003ccite>— Jay Lund, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Howitt says that the drought is so far having a lesser affect on food prices and is unlikely to produce shortages in supermarkets — at least not yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With a drought, you’re never really sure when it’s gonna end,” cautions Jay Lund, co-founder of the Center for Watershed Studies at UC Davis. His calculations \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/15/oddsmaking-on-a-fourth-drought-year-for-california/\">favor the odds of a fourth dry year\u003c/a>, with the chance of a “critically dry” year — like this one — about one in three. That’s despite talk of possible El Niño conditions forming in the Pacific, often seen mistakenly as a harbinger of rain. “Don’t count on El Niño for anything,” says Lund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Groundwater at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fourth year of drought would change the game dramatically. A major reason for that is the aggressive pumping of groundwater that farmers have turned to in the absence of normal deliveries from reservoirs and canals. The Davis team estimates that increased pumping from aquifers could offset three-quarters of the surface water shortfall. But that can’t go on forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s quite clear that the underground groundwater is the reserve bank account,” says Howitt. “We’re like somebody who is so rich, they don’t have to balance their checkbook,” he told reporters in a briefing at the National Press Club, “because we still think we’re in a groundwater-rich era. Every other Western state has started to measure its groundwater and we don’t even measure our groundwater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may well be the year that changes. California \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/22/california-edging-closer-to-regulating-groundwater-for-the-first-time/\">may be closer than ever\u003c/a> to some political consensus toward tracking and regulating groundwater pumping. By next year at this time, farmers may not have as much leeway to pump, with or without state regulation. The price of pumping is rising steadily as shrinking aquifers require deeper wells. And the Davis team estimates that in some areas, as many as 15 percent of shallower wells could run dry within a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the drought relief bill under consideration in Congress, Ross said it appears to be “on pause” currently and gave it a 50-50 chance of eventual passage. Ross, Lund and Howitt are in Washington D.C. to meet with lawmakers about the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a cruel paradox, federal climate watchers reported that overall, the contiguous U.S. just had its sixth wettest June on record, though drought persists throughout much of the southwest.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/IMG_0728-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18975 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/IMG_0728-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"The Department of Water Resources and UC Davis held a training for landscapers in Walnut Creek. They did a demonstration on measuring the precipitation rate of a sprinkler system. (Sally Schilling)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Department of Water Resources and UC Davis held a training for landscapers in Walnut Creek. The workshop included a demonstration on how to tell whether your sprinkler is delivering more water than the soil can absorb. (Sally Schilling/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s better: water your lawn for 20 minutes, or water your lawn for four minutes, five times a day? If you think it doesn’t make a difference, think again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water conservation experts say the clay soil predominant in the Bay Area can’t absorb water as fast as some sprinklers put it out—and that’s your opportunity to save water and money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscaping makes up half the water bill for most homeowners, according to \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/drought\">researchers at University of California, Davis\u003c/a>. And it’s often the most wasteful piece of the water picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/events/industry/get-ahead-workshop/riverside/Get%20Ahead%20or%20Get%20Parched\">state-sponsored workshop\u003c/a> on how to conserve water in yards and gardens, trainer Jim Borneman handed around a high aerial photo showing a lawn that was being watered for so long, water was pouring out across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can see your runoff from a space shuttle, it’s a problem,” Borneman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most landscapes are over-watered by about 50 percent, according to water conservationist Scott Sommerfeld with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a>, and some are over-watered by as much as 400 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sommerfeld, who spoke at the workshop about how to interpret your water bill, said most customers he talks to don’t really know how much water they’re using, even though EBMUD prints a “water budget” on bills for irrigation customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The answer is right there, and nobody seems to look at that,” he said. “There’s a huge opportunity [to save] in irrigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘If we can see your runoff from a space shuttle, it’s a problem.’\u003ccite>— Jim Borneman, water conservation trainer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis Center for Urban Horticulture\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/drought\">holding trainings\u003c/a> across the state for landscapers and homeowners to make their watering systems more efficient. The workshops are held in English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscapers for government, commercial and private properties attended a recent workshop in Walnut Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residential landscape designer Robert Dye came to learn how to maintain his clients’ yards in Contra Costa County, where the water district has requested a that customers \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccwater.com/customerservice/drought2.asp\">voluntarily reduce water use by 15 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody’s trying to keep their yards alive and survive this mess,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trainer Jim Borneman, who works with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewing1.com/\">Ewing Irrigation and Landscape Products\u003c/a>, led a sold-out session for about 100 landscapers, demonstrating how to measure the precipitation rate of a sprinkler system and check to be sure it’s watering evenly. He said landscapers want to learn how to conserve water, because their livelihoods depend upon it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18976\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 312px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/IMG_0699-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18976 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/IMG_0699-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"Jamie Bayona (left) with Ewing Irrigation, helps Gerry Vinson (middle), a landscape architect for California State Parks, measure the precipitation from a sprinkler system. (Sally Schilling)\" width=\"312\" height=\"244\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jamie Bayona with Ewing Irrigation, helps Gerry Vinson, a landscape architect for California State Parks, measure the precipitation from a sprinkler system. (Sally Schilling/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A dead lawn doesn’t need to be mowed,” Borneman said, “and the gardener who used to take care of that has to look for employment elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borneman emphasized that spray-head sprinklers should never run for more than four minutes at a time, because clay soil can only absorb so much water. Handing around photos of sprinklers irrigating lawns and showing the excess water pooling on the sidewalk, Borneman said sprinklers should run on several timed cycles throughout the day, in order to avoid runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Matching application rates to soil intake rates—that’s what we have to do,” he told the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the minimal equipment needed to ensure your lawn is watered evenly, forty to fifty percent of sprinkler systems have never been checked for water pressure and spacing of the sprinklers, Borneman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis’ \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/drought\">landscaping resources page\u003c/a> offers tips for everyone from home gardeners to professionals.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/IMG_0728-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18975 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/IMG_0728-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"The Department of Water Resources and UC Davis held a training for landscapers in Walnut Creek. They did a demonstration on measuring the precipitation rate of a sprinkler system. (Sally Schilling)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Department of Water Resources and UC Davis held a training for landscapers in Walnut Creek. The workshop included a demonstration on how to tell whether your sprinkler is delivering more water than the soil can absorb. (Sally Schilling/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s better: water your lawn for 20 minutes, or water your lawn for four minutes, five times a day? If you think it doesn’t make a difference, think again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water conservation experts say the clay soil predominant in the Bay Area can’t absorb water as fast as some sprinklers put it out—and that’s your opportunity to save water and money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscaping makes up half the water bill for most homeowners, according to \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/drought\">researchers at University of California, Davis\u003c/a>. And it’s often the most wasteful piece of the water picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/events/industry/get-ahead-workshop/riverside/Get%20Ahead%20or%20Get%20Parched\">state-sponsored workshop\u003c/a> on how to conserve water in yards and gardens, trainer Jim Borneman handed around a high aerial photo showing a lawn that was being watered for so long, water was pouring out across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can see your runoff from a space shuttle, it’s a problem,” Borneman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most landscapes are over-watered by about 50 percent, according to water conservationist Scott Sommerfeld with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a>, and some are over-watered by as much as 400 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sommerfeld, who spoke at the workshop about how to interpret your water bill, said most customers he talks to don’t really know how much water they’re using, even though EBMUD prints a “water budget” on bills for irrigation customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The answer is right there, and nobody seems to look at that,” he said. “There’s a huge opportunity [to save] in irrigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘If we can see your runoff from a space shuttle, it’s a problem.’\u003ccite>— Jim Borneman, water conservation trainer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis Center for Urban Horticulture\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/drought\">holding trainings\u003c/a> across the state for landscapers and homeowners to make their watering systems more efficient. The workshops are held in English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscapers for government, commercial and private properties attended a recent workshop in Walnut Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residential landscape designer Robert Dye came to learn how to maintain his clients’ yards in Contra Costa County, where the water district has requested a that customers \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccwater.com/customerservice/drought2.asp\">voluntarily reduce water use by 15 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody’s trying to keep their yards alive and survive this mess,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trainer Jim Borneman, who works with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewing1.com/\">Ewing Irrigation and Landscape Products\u003c/a>, led a sold-out session for about 100 landscapers, demonstrating how to measure the precipitation rate of a sprinkler system and check to be sure it’s watering evenly. He said landscapers want to learn how to conserve water, because their livelihoods depend upon it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18976\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 312px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/IMG_0699-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18976 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/IMG_0699-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"Jamie Bayona (left) with Ewing Irrigation, helps Gerry Vinson (middle), a landscape architect for California State Parks, measure the precipitation from a sprinkler system. (Sally Schilling)\" width=\"312\" height=\"244\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jamie Bayona with Ewing Irrigation, helps Gerry Vinson, a landscape architect for California State Parks, measure the precipitation from a sprinkler system. (Sally Schilling/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A dead lawn doesn’t need to be mowed,” Borneman said, “and the gardener who used to take care of that has to look for employment elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borneman emphasized that spray-head sprinklers should never run for more than four minutes at a time, because clay soil can only absorb so much water. Handing around photos of sprinklers irrigating lawns and showing the excess water pooling on the sidewalk, Borneman said sprinklers should run on several timed cycles throughout the day, in order to avoid runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Matching application rates to soil intake rates—that’s what we have to do,” he told the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the minimal equipment needed to ensure your lawn is watered evenly, forty to fifty percent of sprinkler systems have never been checked for water pressure and spacing of the sprinklers, Borneman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis’ \u003ca href=\"http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu/drought\">landscaping resources page\u003c/a> offers tips for everyone from home gardeners to professionals.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Recent Talk on Sea Level Rise Stresses Need for Acceptance and Adaptation",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18980\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/photo7-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18980 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/photo7-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco at sunset from the Alameda Oakland Ferry.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco at sunset from the San Francisco Bay Ferry.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a beautiful summer day last week, we took the late afternoon ferry across the bay to hear oceanographer John Englander speak about sea level rise at the Aquarium of the Bay in San Francisco. His talk, “Melting Ice, Rising Seas and Shifting Shorelines: The New Normal,” pointed to the sobering realities ahead. Rather than being stymied by the potentially overwhelming, unprecedented circumstances ahead of us though, Englander called us to rise to the occasion with innovative ways to adapt and embrace this new reality. With a mixture of humor and solid science, Englander also encouraged us to do everything possible to reduce CO2 levels and slow the global warming trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“\u003cstrong>Sea level will keep rising even if everyone on the planet is 100% green and sustainable.\u003c/strong> In fact, even if we somehow magically figured out how to make energy without any carbon emissions, and capped CO2 levels at the current 400 ppm, the oceans will still get higher, changing our coastlines. These are the facts.” — \u003ca title=\"John Englander's website\" href=\"http://www.johnenglander.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Englander\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Englander relayed that within decades, not hundreds of years, we’ll be living with a new reality: the North Pole will be ice-free. This, however, will not raise sea levels much as its ice that’s already floating on water. The potential upside, Englander noted with a wry smile, was more direct global shipping routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18982\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/800px-Diagram_showing_ten_indicators_of_global_warming-288x152.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18982\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/800px-Diagram_showing_ten_indicators_of_global_warming-288x152.png\" alt=\"Ten indicators of global warming: science shows we've got all ten happening right now. (NOAA)\" width=\"288\" height=\"152\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ten indicators of global warming: science shows we’ve got all ten happening right now. (\u003ca title=\"NOAA graphic of global warming indicators, Wikimedia\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_showing_ten_indicators_of_global_warming.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The real concern he expressed was the melting of the glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland where ice is currently supported on landmasses. That ice will flow into the sea and inevitably raise sea levels around the globe. This excellent five-minute video, “\u003ca title=\"Meltwater Pulse 2B, Youtube\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71l9lzLsBRc&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meltwater Pulse 2B,\u003c/a>” from Yale Climate Forum explains what scientists are projecting about these glacier melt rates based on their research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we took the ferry back across the bay, our vantage point at nearly water level helped us look at the shorelines and areas we know so well with a new perspective. Englander’s presentation was a keen reminder that much work remains to create short and long term plans to adapt to higher sea levels, as individuals, cities and regions. The\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18981\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 163px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Earth_apollo17-163x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18981\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Earth_apollo17-163x162.jpg\" alt=\"The South Pole as seen from Appolo 17 in December 1974. (NASA)\" width=\"163\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The South Pole as seen from Apollo 17 in December 1974; there is less ice now. (\u003ca title=\"Apollo 17 image of South Pole, Wikimedia\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_apollo17.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>setting sun blazed behind the beautiful city and bridges, just as it will many years into the future. It’s up to us to take action now to create and secure a future where we can live with the circumstances we’ve created: the “New Normal” of higher sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can catch the major points of Englander’s talk on this eleven minute TEDx Talk, “\u003ca title=\"Sea Level Rise: Fact and Fiction with John Englander, Youtube\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TH8Q8Ki9fCA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sea Level Rise – Fact & Fiction\u003c/a>.” Englander also has a compelling book available, “\u003ca title=\"High Tide on Main Street website\" href=\"http://hightideonmainstreet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">High Tide on Main Street\u003c/a>,” as well as a good compilation of other resources on his \u003ca title=\"Recommended Resources, John Englander website\" href=\"http://www.johnenglander.net/recommended-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> including books, other websites and climate change research.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18980\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/photo7-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18980 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/photo7-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco at sunset from the Alameda Oakland Ferry.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco at sunset from the San Francisco Bay Ferry.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a beautiful summer day last week, we took the late afternoon ferry across the bay to hear oceanographer John Englander speak about sea level rise at the Aquarium of the Bay in San Francisco. His talk, “Melting Ice, Rising Seas and Shifting Shorelines: The New Normal,” pointed to the sobering realities ahead. Rather than being stymied by the potentially overwhelming, unprecedented circumstances ahead of us though, Englander called us to rise to the occasion with innovative ways to adapt and embrace this new reality. With a mixture of humor and solid science, Englander also encouraged us to do everything possible to reduce CO2 levels and slow the global warming trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“\u003cstrong>Sea level will keep rising even if everyone on the planet is 100% green and sustainable.\u003c/strong> In fact, even if we somehow magically figured out how to make energy without any carbon emissions, and capped CO2 levels at the current 400 ppm, the oceans will still get higher, changing our coastlines. These are the facts.” — \u003ca title=\"John Englander's website\" href=\"http://www.johnenglander.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Englander\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Englander relayed that within decades, not hundreds of years, we’ll be living with a new reality: the North Pole will be ice-free. This, however, will not raise sea levels much as its ice that’s already floating on water. The potential upside, Englander noted with a wry smile, was more direct global shipping routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18982\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/800px-Diagram_showing_ten_indicators_of_global_warming-288x152.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18982\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/800px-Diagram_showing_ten_indicators_of_global_warming-288x152.png\" alt=\"Ten indicators of global warming: science shows we've got all ten happening right now. (NOAA)\" width=\"288\" height=\"152\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ten indicators of global warming: science shows we’ve got all ten happening right now. (\u003ca title=\"NOAA graphic of global warming indicators, Wikimedia\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_showing_ten_indicators_of_global_warming.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The real concern he expressed was the melting of the glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland where ice is currently supported on landmasses. That ice will flow into the sea and inevitably raise sea levels around the globe. This excellent five-minute video, “\u003ca title=\"Meltwater Pulse 2B, Youtube\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71l9lzLsBRc&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meltwater Pulse 2B,\u003c/a>” from Yale Climate Forum explains what scientists are projecting about these glacier melt rates based on their research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we took the ferry back across the bay, our vantage point at nearly water level helped us look at the shorelines and areas we know so well with a new perspective. Englander’s presentation was a keen reminder that much work remains to create short and long term plans to adapt to higher sea levels, as individuals, cities and regions. The\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18981\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 163px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Earth_apollo17-163x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18981\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Earth_apollo17-163x162.jpg\" alt=\"The South Pole as seen from Appolo 17 in December 1974. (NASA)\" width=\"163\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The South Pole as seen from Apollo 17 in December 1974; there is less ice now. (\u003ca title=\"Apollo 17 image of South Pole, Wikimedia\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_apollo17.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>setting sun blazed behind the beautiful city and bridges, just as it will many years into the future. It’s up to us to take action now to create and secure a future where we can live with the circumstances we’ve created: the “New Normal” of higher sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can catch the major points of Englander’s talk on this eleven minute TEDx Talk, “\u003ca title=\"Sea Level Rise: Fact and Fiction with John Englander, Youtube\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TH8Q8Ki9fCA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sea Level Rise – Fact & Fiction\u003c/a>.” Englander also has a compelling book available, “\u003ca title=\"High Tide on Main Street website\" href=\"http://hightideonmainstreet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">High Tide on Main Street\u003c/a>,” as well as a good compilation of other resources on his \u003ca title=\"Recommended Resources, John Englander website\" href=\"http://www.johnenglander.net/recommended-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> including books, other websites and climate change research.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/OCO-2_PIA18374_ip.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18811\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/OCO-2_PIA18374_ip.jpeg\" alt=\"Artist's conception of the OCO-2 satellite in orbit. Scientists hope it will yield the most precise picture yet of Earth's carbon cycle. (NASA-JPL)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of the OCO-2 satellite in orbit. Scientists hope it will yield the most precise picture yet of Earth’s carbon cycle. (NASA-JPL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It took five years, two launch vehicles and more than a half-billion dollars, but NASA scientists have at last attained their goal of putting a satellite in orbit that will help track carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, oceans and forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first attempt five years ago, the first Orbiting Carbon Observatory \u003ca title=\"Spaceflight Now - post\" href=\"http://www.spaceflightnow.com/taurus/oco/failure.html\">never made it into orbit\u003c/a>. A piece of the nose cone designed to protect the satellite during launch never separated. Burdened with the extra weight, the satellite crashed into the ocean somewhere near Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday morning, NASA tried another launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base on California’s Central Coast. This one, \u003ca title=\"NASA - OCO-2 overview\" href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/oco2/overview/#.U7GW2C92elI\">dubbed OCO-2\u003c/a>, is riding a different launch vehicle and has a few tricks that the original OCO lacked. But with less than a minute to go, the scheduled 2:56 a.m. launch was scrubbed by a disruption in the water supply to the launch pad. NASA and contractor United Launch Alliance made another attempt on Wednesday morning that was successful. “Initial telemetry shows the spacecraft is in excellent condition,” NASA said in a post-launch release. They had only a 30-second launch window each day, in order to place the satellite exactly where it needs to be in orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMG_4655.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18898\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMG_4655.jpg\" alt=\"The service tower rolls back from the Delta II rocket that will carry the Oribiting Carbon Observatory into space. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The service tower at Vandenberg Air Force Base rolls back from the Delta II rocket that will carry the Orbiting Carbon Observatory into space. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like the original, OCO-2 is designed to circle the Earth from pole to pole, mapping CO2 behavior on a grid similar to the globe’s lines of longitude. CO2 molecules absorb light according to their own unique pattern, so \u003ca title=\"NASA - OCO-2 instuments\" href=\"https://oco.jpl.nasa.gov/observatory/instrument/#\">onboard instruments\u003c/a> will break down reflected sunlight into spectral colors to measure atmospheric carbon with unprecedented precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, the $465 million satellite is designed to track the way CO2 is absorbed by earthbound carbon sinks such as plant life and how it’s released by man-made and natural sources. Scientists say this will yield an accurate mosaic of the planet’s “breathing,” which will allow better forecasts of the buildup of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science is absolutely important,” said Mike Freilich, from a spot overlooking the launch pad on Monday. Freilich heads the Earth Science Division at NASA. “Understanding the naturally distributed sources and sinks of carbon — what the processes are in the ocean, what the processes are on land, is critical for us to be able to understand how the Earth will be able to evolve going in to the future with the 36 gigatons of carbon per year that we put in.” Then he added, “I think it’s a testament to the percieved importance of this mission that we got a second chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OCO-2 will even be able to detect the tiny amount of heat and light emitted by plants during photosynthesis, which mission scientists say is another useful measure of carbon dioxide uptake. It could lead to much improved forecasts for crop yields, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s amazing what you can see from 438 miles up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uP_fqEfYWg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court won’t hear a challenge to California’s first-in-the-nation mandate requiring fuel producers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices on Monday turned away appeals from fuel makers that say the law discriminates against out-of-state producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”2751d5643381670982378cacad5cd1e7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate requires petroleum refiners and fuel distributors to make cleaner-burning fuels for the California market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out-of-state oil refiners and ethanol companies say the law provides an unfair advantage to in-state producers by giving a higher “carbon-intensity score” to fuels transported from other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state says the law simply offers incentives for companies that make cleaner-burning fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. district judge agreed with the challengers. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, saying the law gives all fuel makers options to get their product to market.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/06/20140630science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/BigDry_Getty72257254_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18771\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/BigDry_Getty72257254_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Farmer John Magill ponders a dried-up reservoir on his farm in Parkes, in 2006. (Ian Waldie/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer John Magill ponders a dried-up reservoir on his farm in Parkes, Australia, in 2006. (Ian Waldie/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Ian Waldie/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three years into a historic drought, we’re hearing a lot of talk about resilience in California. For inspiration, Californians might do well to look south — all the way to Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had here a phenomenon that people called ‘bucket back,'” says \u003ca title=\"Stanford - Rebecca Nelson\" href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/about/people/rebecca-nelson\">Rebecca Nelson\u003c/a>, describing the back strain Aussies would suffer from catching the excess shower water in buckets and hauling it outside to water the garden. Nelson is a research fellow at Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment. She lives in Australia, which recently endured \u003ca title=\"Economist - Big Dry\" href=\"http://www.economist.com/node/9071007\">a nine-year drought\u003c/a> — something that hasn’t happened in California for at least a century. (There were two six-year droughts in the 20th century.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bucket back was the least of it. The stretch that came to be known as the Big Dry was \u003ca title=\"Climate History - Big Dry\" href=\"http://climatehistory.com.au/2011/08/03/big-dry-worst-drought-since-european-settlement/\">the worst drought in Australia’s history\u003c/a>. During the first decade of this century, it devastated the farm economy (at one point halving the number of sheep, the nation’s principal livestock) and triggered severe restrictions on urban water use. But Nelson says it also transformed the water culture in that country. She says some ways they found to adapt were relatively painless — and much of it stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are now a couple years out of the drought, so I think people’s attitudes are starting to slide a little,” she admits, “but absolutely, the ethical and moral dimension of water use, I think really built during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson lives in Melbourne, which gets just about the same average rainfall as San Francisco — about 23 inches a year. She estimates that about half the homes in Melbourne now have systems to capture and store rain, and newer homes are being built with dual plumbing systems to recycle graywater. (For example, rinse water from the washing machine goes to the toilet for flushing.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18793\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 275px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMAG0624-L.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18793\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMAG0624-L.jpg\" alt=\"Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems. (Albert Barlow, Rain Water Systems)\" width=\"275\" height=\"488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems. (Albert Barlow, Rain Water Systems)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The result is that residential water use in Melbourne is down to about 40 gallons per person, per day — including outside watering. Californians average two to four times that, depending on how much landscaping they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of lessons we can learn,” says \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - bio\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/staff-and-board/matthew-g-heberger-p-e/\">Matthew Heberger\u003c/a>, a water analyst at Oakland’s \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - main\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>. He’s written extensively about the Australian experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heberger says the Big Dry inspired major changes: “Lots of initiatives to capture runoff and infiltrate it into the ground, where you can later use it for water supply,” he notes. “Not allowing stormwater to just run off into the sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Desalination: A Cautionary Tale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government there spent $25 billion on drought countermeasures — that’s twice as much as the contentious water bond that may be on California’s ballot this fall — for a country with a little more than half the population of California. That ambitious program included a string of desalination plants along the coast, a decision that many question in retrospect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desalination is considered a holy grail by water managers,” says Heberger. “The ocean is essentially a limitless source of water. The problem is that it’s expensive, and it’s energy-intensive to take the salt out of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consequently, when the rains returned, which they did with a vengeance at the end of 2010, desalted seawater could no longer compete price-wise with water that fell from the sky. “And so you’ve got these very expensive projects that have, for now at least, been sort of mothballed,” says Heberger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years into California’s drought, the desal train is gaining speed in California. This nation’s \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25859513/nations-largest-ocean-desalination-plant-goes-up-near\">largest plant\u003c/a> is scheduled to go online in 2016 in Carlsbad, with at least a dozen more on the drawing board. Rebecca Nelson says there’s a cautionary tale here: the best decisions for drought planning are not made during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most ordinary citizens would say it’s fantastic to have a climate-independent source of water,” she said. “But the panic that’s generated during drought, many people say, led the [Melbourne] desal plant to be built many, many more times bigger than it really should’ve been. And as a result, it’s very, very costly, even though it’s not being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18762\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\" alt=\"Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia's 'Big Dry.' (Australia Bureau of Meteorology)\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ (Australian Bureau of Meteorology)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are lots of parallels between here and there when it comes to water. In both places, most of the water is in the north, most of the people in the south. The rain tends not to fall during the growing season. And Australia’s agriculture — like California’s — uses by far the biggest volume of water, more than two thirds in Australia, closer to three quarters in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where transplanting lessons gets a little tricky. Here, farm water is meted out by a longstanding — some would say byzantine — system of property rights: junior, senior, riparian, pre-1914…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That consideration just doesn’t exist in Australia,” says Nelson. “The way that Australian water law manages scarcity is, if there’s less water around, everybody takes a haircut.” She and many water policy experts in California agree, that’s made it easier for Australians to develop an enviable system of water marketing for farmers and ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as easy to sell water from your water bank account as it is to just transfer money from a normal bank account,” says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more than one observer has put it, Californians tend to settle their accounts in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while Australia may be a useful laboratory for developing drought resilience, does that mean that California needs its own 9-year drought as a kind of shock therapy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t wish that on anyone,” says Heberger. “But it did certainly do a lot to raise awareness. Everyone could tell you, you know, how high the water level in the reservoir is, that people become much more attuned to where our water comes from, that we’re taking it out of the environment and using it. And that has repercussions and an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Awareness helps. But to make the Golden State truly drought resistant — that will take political will and compromise — something else that is often in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Australia's nine-year \"millennial drought\" transformed attitudes toward water. Could California duplicate the gains without the pain?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/BigDry_Getty72257254_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18771\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/BigDry_Getty72257254_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Farmer John Magill ponders a dried-up reservoir on his farm in Parkes, in 2006. (Ian Waldie/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer John Magill ponders a dried-up reservoir on his farm in Parkes, Australia, in 2006. (Ian Waldie/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Ian Waldie/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three years into a historic drought, we’re hearing a lot of talk about resilience in California. For inspiration, Californians might do well to look south — all the way to Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had here a phenomenon that people called ‘bucket back,'” says \u003ca title=\"Stanford - Rebecca Nelson\" href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/about/people/rebecca-nelson\">Rebecca Nelson\u003c/a>, describing the back strain Aussies would suffer from catching the excess shower water in buckets and hauling it outside to water the garden. Nelson is a research fellow at Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment. She lives in Australia, which recently endured \u003ca title=\"Economist - Big Dry\" href=\"http://www.economist.com/node/9071007\">a nine-year drought\u003c/a> — something that hasn’t happened in California for at least a century. (There were two six-year droughts in the 20th century.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bucket back was the least of it. The stretch that came to be known as the Big Dry was \u003ca title=\"Climate History - Big Dry\" href=\"http://climatehistory.com.au/2011/08/03/big-dry-worst-drought-since-european-settlement/\">the worst drought in Australia’s history\u003c/a>. During the first decade of this century, it devastated the farm economy (at one point halving the number of sheep, the nation’s principal livestock) and triggered severe restrictions on urban water use. But Nelson says it also transformed the water culture in that country. She says some ways they found to adapt were relatively painless — and much of it stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are now a couple years out of the drought, so I think people’s attitudes are starting to slide a little,” she admits, “but absolutely, the ethical and moral dimension of water use, I think really built during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson lives in Melbourne, which gets just about the same average rainfall as San Francisco — about 23 inches a year. She estimates that about half the homes in Melbourne now have systems to capture and store rain, and newer homes are being built with dual plumbing systems to recycle graywater. (For example, rinse water from the washing machine goes to the toilet for flushing.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18793\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 275px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMAG0624-L.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18793\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMAG0624-L.jpg\" alt=\"Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems. (Albert Barlow, Rain Water Systems)\" width=\"275\" height=\"488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems. (Albert Barlow, Rain Water Systems)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The result is that residential water use in Melbourne is down to about 40 gallons per person, per day — including outside watering. Californians average two to four times that, depending on how much landscaping they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of lessons we can learn,” says \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - bio\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/staff-and-board/matthew-g-heberger-p-e/\">Matthew Heberger\u003c/a>, a water analyst at Oakland’s \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - main\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>. He’s written extensively about the Australian experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heberger says the Big Dry inspired major changes: “Lots of initiatives to capture runoff and infiltrate it into the ground, where you can later use it for water supply,” he notes. “Not allowing stormwater to just run off into the sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Desalination: A Cautionary Tale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government there spent $25 billion on drought countermeasures — that’s twice as much as the contentious water bond that may be on California’s ballot this fall — for a country with a little more than half the population of California. That ambitious program included a string of desalination plants along the coast, a decision that many question in retrospect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desalination is considered a holy grail by water managers,” says Heberger. “The ocean is essentially a limitless source of water. The problem is that it’s expensive, and it’s energy-intensive to take the salt out of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consequently, when the rains returned, which they did with a vengeance at the end of 2010, desalted seawater could no longer compete price-wise with water that fell from the sky. “And so you’ve got these very expensive projects that have, for now at least, been sort of mothballed,” says Heberger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years into California’s drought, the desal train is gaining speed in California. This nation’s \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25859513/nations-largest-ocean-desalination-plant-goes-up-near\">largest plant\u003c/a> is scheduled to go online in 2016 in Carlsbad, with at least a dozen more on the drawing board. Rebecca Nelson says there’s a cautionary tale here: the best decisions for drought planning are not made during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most ordinary citizens would say it’s fantastic to have a climate-independent source of water,” she said. “But the panic that’s generated during drought, many people say, led the [Melbourne] desal plant to be built many, many more times bigger than it really should’ve been. And as a result, it’s very, very costly, even though it’s not being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18762\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\" alt=\"Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia's 'Big Dry.' (Australia Bureau of Meteorology)\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ (Australian Bureau of Meteorology)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are lots of parallels between here and there when it comes to water. In both places, most of the water is in the north, most of the people in the south. The rain tends not to fall during the growing season. And Australia’s agriculture — like California’s — uses by far the biggest volume of water, more than two thirds in Australia, closer to three quarters in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where transplanting lessons gets a little tricky. Here, farm water is meted out by a longstanding — some would say byzantine — system of property rights: junior, senior, riparian, pre-1914…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That consideration just doesn’t exist in Australia,” says Nelson. “The way that Australian water law manages scarcity is, if there’s less water around, everybody takes a haircut.” She and many water policy experts in California agree, that’s made it easier for Australians to develop an enviable system of water marketing for farmers and ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as easy to sell water from your water bank account as it is to just transfer money from a normal bank account,” says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more than one observer has put it, Californians tend to settle their accounts in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while Australia may be a useful laboratory for developing drought resilience, does that mean that California needs its own 9-year drought as a kind of shock therapy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t wish that on anyone,” says Heberger. “But it did certainly do a lot to raise awareness. Everyone could tell you, you know, how high the water level in the reservoir is, that people become much more attuned to where our water comes from, that we’re taking it out of the environment and using it. And that has repercussions and an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>“Make it a Quickie.” That’s the slogan for the San Francisco water agency’s new ad campaign promoting shorter showers, a response to the ongoing drought crisis. But a recent state survey suggests Californians aren’t yet heeding Gov. Jerry Brown’s call to conserve. State residents have reduced water use by just \u003ca class=\"rssmi_more\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201406300900?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca title=\"Coping with California's Record Drought\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201406300900?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\"Make it a Quickie.\" That's the slogan for the San Francisco water agency's new ad campaign promoting shorter showers, a response to the ongoing drought crisis. But a recent state survey suggests Californians aren't yet heeding Gov. Jerry Brown's call to conserve. State residents have reduced water use by just \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201406300900?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"rssmi_more\" rel=\"noopener\">...Read More\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“Make it a Quickie.” That’s the slogan for the San Francisco water agency’s new ad campaign promoting shorter showers, a response to the ongoing drought crisis. But a recent state survey suggests Californians aren’t yet heeding Gov. Jerry Brown’s call to conserve. State residents have reduced water use by just \u003ca class=\"rssmi_more\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201406300900?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca title=\"Coping with California's Record Drought\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201406300900?pid=RD19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>From the ashes of catastrophe, life somehow manages to rise again. This thought hung on Daisy’s mind, sweat pouring down her face, as she uttered a reassuring click to Bud and Betsy, the pair of Belgian draft horses drawing the plow\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 489px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Daisy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Daisy-548x360.jpg\" alt=\"Daisy plowing\" width=\"489\" height=\"321\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by John Miller\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You wouldn’t expect those opening words from a story set six decades from today. But those kinds of surprises abound in the tales told in “\u003ca title=\"Yahara 2070 home page\" href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070\">Yahara 2070\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is part of an intensive study of the land, lakes, and rivers incorporating and surrounding Madison, Wisconsin, a thousand-square-kilometer area known as the Yahara Watershed. To engage community thought and discussion, “Yahara 2070” uses illustrated stories set in the year 2070 to explore four distinct imagined futures for the region’s environment and society, each with its own descriptive title and logo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71098 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Daisy_Icon-153x169.jpg\" alt=\"Daisy_Icon\" width=\"83\" height=\"91\">n “\u003ca href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070/abandonment\">Abandonment and Renewal\u003c/a>,” from which the lines above are taken, the population is unprepared for a dramatic rise in temperature. Government is unable to manage ecological disaster and the area begins to return to the wild, including animals, like elephants, who have escaped the local zoo. Brave settlers have returned to the area, joining those who were unable to evacuate, and together they work to carve out a new way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another scenario, “\u003ca href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070/innovation\">Accelerated Innovation\u003c/a>,” technology provides the path away from\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Accelerated_Icon.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-71095\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Accelerated_Icon-149x169.jpg\" alt=\"Accelerated_Icon\" width=\"89\" height=\"101\">\u003c/a> environmental ruin. Agricultural automation optimizes water use, reducing runoff, and ecologically destructive cattle raising has been replaced by genetically engineered, “motherless” meat created in laboratories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/CC_Icon.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/CC_Icon-157x169.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"83\" height=\"89\">\u003c/a>While the Robert Frost line may read that good fences make good neighbors, in “\u003ca href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070/connected\">Connected Communities\u003c/a>,” neighbors have removed fences, creating space for community gardens and parks. This symbolizes a societal shift in values toward cooperation, community and sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070/nested\">Nested Watersheds\u003c/a>” takes an idea first proposed by 19th century explorer John Wesley Powell that our largely arbitrary state boundaries be redrawn\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Nested_icon.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-71100\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Nested_icon-169x169.jpg\" alt=\"Nested_icon\" width=\"88\" height=\"88\">\u003c/a> around watersheds. More water-centric forms of governance are adopted after years of drought and water scarcity, placing a premium on conservation, and rewarding farmers for practices that regenerate groundwater while preventing runoff and erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/AR_landcover_maps.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/AR_landcover_maps.jpg\" alt=\"Land cover map for abandonment scenario\" width=\"605\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/AR_landcover_maps.jpg 605w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/AR_landcover_maps-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nBased on extensive data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the stories are futuristic science fiction, they are grounded in present-day scientific fact. Background for the scenarios comes from extensive data collection on land use in the Yahara watershed. Modeling how present trends could play out over the coming decades informs the conditions that become the setting for each story. The projection seen above shows the abandonment scenario, with a large swath of green representing a return to forest and grassland after depopulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hearing hopes and fears\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quantitative approach of data and projection is combined with qualitative methods of interview and discussion. “We began this project by interviewing a large number of people and conducting workshops with about a hundred people in the watershed to hear what they think about the future. What are the stories in their head about the future? What are their fears, their hopes for the future?” explained Steve Carpenter, “Yahara 2070” leader and director of the University of Wisconsin Center for Limnology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Putting thought to paper\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Synthesizing those hopes and fears with the background of a changing environment into narratives fell to project writer Jenny Seifert. Unlike producers of all too many high-concept Hollywood science fiction films, Seifert didn’t forget to create stories on a human scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I created characters for each story,” she said. “So I really think about these moments in time for these characters. Focusing on these moments really was my way of trying to help people connect with the stories and kind of see themselves and see what their life could be like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 385px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Felix.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Felix-464x360.jpg\" alt=\"Felix swimming in lake with elephant in backdrop\" width=\"385\" height=\"299\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by John Miller\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Felix heard a loud rustle on the shoreline that startled him into alertness. Cougars are known to stalk these shores, and even though he knew the odds that one would bother to jump in after him were miniscule, he couldn’t help but feel a sense of dread as he eyed the distance between himself and the pier, where his machete lay. Then, a trumpet-like noise bellowed from the trees, and the mammoth head of an elephant emerged. Phew, thought Felix. Just an elephant.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>- Excerpt from “Abandonment and Renewal”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imagining and imaging \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deciding what life could be like, or look like, was a special challenge for the project’s illustrator, John Miller, particularly with the technology involved in some of the scenarios. Contemplating his iPhone, Miller said, “You take a look at something like this and it’s just so different from the original phone that if I were to create something, to invent something, nobody would know what I’m showing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asking “What if…”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team makes clear they are not trying to invent the future, or even predict it. Rather, the use of scenarios is a tool to help prepare for what the future may bring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of the scenarios is to develop stories about the future that organize our thinking. Carpenter explained, “and also provide guidance to us as scientists about what we should be learning to simulate in order to understand the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which of these scenarios seems most likely? Will pachyderms prowl the prairie? Will Wisconsin’s beloved bratwurst be petri-dish-processed before hitting the grill? Both the good and bad parts of each scenario are worth contemplating as we all collectively create the future.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In this video, follow a University of Wisconsin research team creating scenarios visualizing what the climate in Madison, Wisconsin could look like in the year 2070.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>From the ashes of catastrophe, life somehow manages to rise again. This thought hung on Daisy’s mind, sweat pouring down her face, as she uttered a reassuring click to Bud and Betsy, the pair of Belgian draft horses drawing the plow\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 489px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Daisy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Daisy-548x360.jpg\" alt=\"Daisy plowing\" width=\"489\" height=\"321\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by John Miller\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You wouldn’t expect those opening words from a story set six decades from today. But those kinds of surprises abound in the tales told in “\u003ca title=\"Yahara 2070 home page\" href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070\">Yahara 2070\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is part of an intensive study of the land, lakes, and rivers incorporating and surrounding Madison, Wisconsin, a thousand-square-kilometer area known as the Yahara Watershed. To engage community thought and discussion, “Yahara 2070” uses illustrated stories set in the year 2070 to explore four distinct imagined futures for the region’s environment and society, each with its own descriptive title and logo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71098 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Daisy_Icon-153x169.jpg\" alt=\"Daisy_Icon\" width=\"83\" height=\"91\">n “\u003ca href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070/abandonment\">Abandonment and Renewal\u003c/a>,” from which the lines above are taken, the population is unprepared for a dramatic rise in temperature. Government is unable to manage ecological disaster and the area begins to return to the wild, including animals, like elephants, who have escaped the local zoo. Brave settlers have returned to the area, joining those who were unable to evacuate, and together they work to carve out a new way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another scenario, “\u003ca href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070/innovation\">Accelerated Innovation\u003c/a>,” technology provides the path away from\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Accelerated_Icon.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-71095\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Accelerated_Icon-149x169.jpg\" alt=\"Accelerated_Icon\" width=\"89\" height=\"101\">\u003c/a> environmental ruin. Agricultural automation optimizes water use, reducing runoff, and ecologically destructive cattle raising has been replaced by genetically engineered, “motherless” meat created in laboratories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/CC_Icon.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/CC_Icon-157x169.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"83\" height=\"89\">\u003c/a>While the Robert Frost line may read that good fences make good neighbors, in “\u003ca href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070/connected\">Connected Communities\u003c/a>,” neighbors have removed fences, creating space for community gardens and parks. This symbolizes a societal shift in values toward cooperation, community and sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://wsc.limnology.wisc.edu/yahara2070/nested\">Nested Watersheds\u003c/a>” takes an idea first proposed by 19th century explorer John Wesley Powell that our largely arbitrary state boundaries be redrawn\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Nested_icon.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-71100\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Nested_icon-169x169.jpg\" alt=\"Nested_icon\" width=\"88\" height=\"88\">\u003c/a> around watersheds. More water-centric forms of governance are adopted after years of drought and water scarcity, placing a premium on conservation, and rewarding farmers for practices that regenerate groundwater while preventing runoff and erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/AR_landcover_maps.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/AR_landcover_maps.jpg\" alt=\"Land cover map for abandonment scenario\" width=\"605\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/AR_landcover_maps.jpg 605w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/AR_landcover_maps-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nBased on extensive data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the stories are futuristic science fiction, they are grounded in present-day scientific fact. Background for the scenarios comes from extensive data collection on land use in the Yahara watershed. Modeling how present trends could play out over the coming decades informs the conditions that become the setting for each story. The projection seen above shows the abandonment scenario, with a large swath of green representing a return to forest and grassland after depopulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hearing hopes and fears\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quantitative approach of data and projection is combined with qualitative methods of interview and discussion. “We began this project by interviewing a large number of people and conducting workshops with about a hundred people in the watershed to hear what they think about the future. What are the stories in their head about the future? 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Focusing on these moments really was my way of trying to help people connect with the stories and kind of see themselves and see what their life could be like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 385px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Felix.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Felix-464x360.jpg\" alt=\"Felix swimming in lake with elephant in backdrop\" width=\"385\" height=\"299\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by John Miller\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Felix heard a loud rustle on the shoreline that startled him into alertness. Cougars are known to stalk these shores, and even though he knew the odds that one would bother to jump in after him were miniscule, he couldn’t help but feel a sense of dread as he eyed the distance between himself and the pier, where his machete lay. Then, a trumpet-like noise bellowed from the trees, and the mammoth head of an elephant emerged. Phew, thought Felix. Just an elephant.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>- Excerpt from “Abandonment and Renewal”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imagining and imaging \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deciding what life could be like, or look like, was a special challenge for the project’s illustrator, John Miller, particularly with the technology involved in some of the scenarios. Contemplating his iPhone, Miller said, “You take a look at something like this and it’s just so different from the original phone that if I were to create something, to invent something, nobody would know what I’m showing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asking “What if…”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team makes clear they are not trying to invent the future, or even predict it. Rather, the use of scenarios is a tool to help prepare for what the future may bring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of the scenarios is to develop stories about the future that organize our thinking. Carpenter explained, “and also provide guidance to us as scientists about what we should be learning to simulate in order to understand the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which of these scenarios seems most likely? Will pachyderms prowl the prairie? Will Wisconsin’s beloved bratwurst be petri-dish-processed before hitting the grill? Both the good and bad parts of each scenario are worth contemplating as we all collectively create the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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