window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_27417": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27417",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27417",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27409,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/drought-e1424450367181.jpg",
"width": 638,
"height": 361
}
},
"publishDate": 1424450061,
"modified": 1424451441,
"caption": "Corn plants struggle to survive in a drought-stricken farm field near Oakton, Indiana. The corn and soybean belt in the middle of the nation is experiencing one of the worst droughts in more than five decades.\n(Scott Olson/Getty Images)",
"description": "OAKTON, IN - JULY 19: Corn plants struggle to survive in a drought-stricken farm field on July 19, 2012 near Oakton, Indiana. The corn and soybean belt in the middle of the nation is experiencing one of the worst droughts in more than five decades. Indiana was the nation's fourth largest corn producer in 2011. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)",
"title": "Severe Midwest Drought Continues",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_27189": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_27189",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27189",
"found": true
},
"parent": 27188,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Ten-century-drought.png",
"width": 800,
"height": 450
}
},
"publishDate": 1423720451,
"modified": 1423720487,
"caption": "Drought conditions during the last thousand years (brown line), along with projected conditions for the rest of this century, point to unprecedented megadroughts. Details of this graph are shown below. (All images Cook/AAAS)",
"description": null,
"title": "Ten-century-drought",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26786": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26786",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26786",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26776,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 480
}
},
"publishDate": 1422671249,
"modified": 1422671268,
"caption": "Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"description": "Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"title": "RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26659": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26659",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26659",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26655,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/20150118094856_IMG_2760.jpeg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
}
},
"publishDate": 1422487216,
"modified": 1422487683,
"caption": "Barren shores at Fallen Leaf Lake in January. (Joanne Elgart-Jennings)",
"description": "Barren shores at Fallen Leaf Lake in January. (Joanne Elgart-Jennings)",
"title": "20150118094856_IMG_2760",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26631": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26631",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26631",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26629,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SMAP.png",
"width": 620,
"height": 300
}
},
"publishDate": 1422407307,
"modified": 1422407372,
"caption": "NASA's SMAP satellite will capture microwave radiation from the Earth to measure soil moisture. (NASA)",
"description": "NASA's SMAP satellite will capture microwave radiation from the Earth to measure soil moisture. (NASA)",
"title": "SMAP",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26562": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26562",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26562",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26293,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037355733.jpg",
"width": 638,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1422036704,
"modified": 1422036709,
"caption": "Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"description": null,
"title": "Ridge image",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26406": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26406",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26406",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26371,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/AA-Sea-lion-pups_Sarah-van-Schagen-e1421460584103.jpg",
"width": 638,
"height": 361
}
},
"publishDate": 1421460172,
"modified": 1421460607,
"caption": "The Marine Mammal Center’s record-breaking patient load in 2014 included an influx of\nemaciated young sea lions. (Sarah van Schagen/The Marine Mammal Center)\n",
"description": null,
"title": "AA Sea lion pups_Sarah van Schagen",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26350": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26350",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26350",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26347,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/NOAA-image-e1421433001878.gif",
"width": 640,
"height": 342
}
},
"publishDate": 1421432110,
"modified": 1421432110,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NOAA image",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26318": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26318",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26318",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26317,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SF-tide-gauges.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 450
}
},
"publishDate": 1421351688,
"modified": 1421351729,
"caption": "Sea level is the result of a complex set of forces and influences on land, on the seafloor and in the water between them. Estimating sea-level rise from imperfect data is a scientific challenge that may progress through more sophisticated statistics. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/daver6/\">Dave R\u003c/a>/\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/\">CC-BY-NC\u003c/a>)",
"description": null,
"title": "SF-tide-gauges",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26256": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26256",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26256",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26251,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bobby_Magill_Methane-e1421253960914.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 352
}
},
"publishDate": 1421252603,
"modified": 1421252618,
"caption": "Flaring at oil and gas well sites releases methane into the atmosphere. (Faces of Fracking/flickr)",
"description": null,
"title": "Bobby_Magill_Methane",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_26019": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_26019",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26019",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25859,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS1213_P1000565-lpr.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1500
}
},
"publishDate": 1420730233,
"modified": 1450378131,
"caption": "2015 set temperature records throughout much of the West. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"description": "2014 set temperature records throughout much of the West. (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"title": "RS1213_P1000565-lpr",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_25978": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_25978",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25978",
"found": true
},
"parent": 25970,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/plane-e1420656752266.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1420656692,
"modified": 1420656704,
"caption": "(wingsnstuff/Flickr)",
"description": null,
"title": "plane",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"sasha-khokha": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "254",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "254",
"found": true
},
"name": "Sasha Khokha",
"firstName": "Sasha",
"lastName": "Khokha",
"slug": "sasha-khokha",
"email": "skhokha@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"news"
],
"title": "Host, The California Report Magazine",
"bio": "Sasha Khokha is the host of \u003cem>The California Report's \u003c/em> weekly magazine program, which takes listeners on sound-rich excursions to meet the people that make the Golden State unique -- through audio documentaries and long-form stories. As \u003cem>The California Report's\u003c/em> Central Valley Bureau Chief based in Fresno for nearly a dozen years, Sasha brought the lives and concerns of rural Californians to listeners around the state. Her reporting helped expose the hidden price immigrant women janitors and farmworkers may pay to keep their jobs: sexual assault at work. It inspired two new California laws to protect them from sexual harassment. She was a key member of the reporting team for the Frontline film \u003cem>Rape on the Night Shift, \u003c/em>which was nominated for two national Emmys. Sasha has also won a national Edward R. Murrow and a national PRNDI award for investigative reporting, as well as multiple prizes from the Society for Professional Journalists. Sasha is a proud alum of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism and Brown University and a member of the South Asian Journalists Association.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "KQEDSashaKhokha",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Sasha Khokha | KQED",
"description": "Host, The California Report Magazine",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/sasha-khokha"
},
"lindseyhoshaw": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5432",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5432",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Hoshaw",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Hoshaw",
"slug": "lindseyhoshaw",
"email": "lhoshaw@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "lindseyhoshaw",
"facebook": "lindsey.hoshaw.9",
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_post_subscriptions",
"edit_usergroups",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"leadcoordinator",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lindseyhoshaw"
},
"andrew-alden": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6228",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6228",
"found": true
},
"name": "Andrew Alden",
"firstName": "Andrew",
"lastName": "Alden",
"slug": "andrew-alden",
"email": "alden@andrew-alden.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. He has \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/\">written on geology for About.com\u003c/a> since its founding in 1997. In 2007, he started the Oakland Geology blog, which won recognition as \"Best of the East Bay\" from the \u003ci>East Bay Express\u003c/i> in 2010. In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Andrew Alden | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/andrew-alden"
},
"kqedscience": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6387",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6387",
"found": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"firstName": "KQED",
"lastName": "Science",
"slug": "kqedscience",
"email": "kqedscience@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond by the flagship Northern California PBS and NPR affiliate.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "KQED Science | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kqedscience"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_climate": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"score": 11.06203
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Climate",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 112
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=climate",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 112
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_27409": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27409",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27409",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424451959000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424451959,
"format": "aside",
"title": "2015 Picks Up Where 2014 Record Heat Left Off",
"headTitle": "2015 Picks Up Where 2014 Record Heat Left Off | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27417\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/drought-e1424450328699-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27417\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/drought-e1424450328699-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Corn plants struggle to survive in a drought-stricken farm field near Oakton, Indiana. The corn and soybean belt in the middle of the nation is experiencing one of the worst droughts in more than five decades. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corn plants struggle to survive in a drought-stricken farm field near Oakton, Indiana. The corn and soybean belt in the middle of the nation is experiencing one of the worst droughts in more than five decades.\u003cbr>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Andrea Thompson\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmth that led 2014 to become the hottest year on record has continued into 2015, with last month ranking as the second-hottest January on record globally, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2015/1\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a> announced Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is safe to say that the warmth so far in 2015 really is a continuation of the warmth in 2014,” NOAA climatologist Jake Crouch said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The past month was 1.39°F above the 20th century average of 53.6°F, second only to 2007 in the agency’s records, which go back to 1880. The Japan Meteorological Agency had January 2015 tied with both January 2002 and 2007, while \u003ca href=\"http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts.txt\">NASA data\u003c/a> put the month in a tie for third with 2002, behind 2007 as the hottest and 2005 and 2013 as the second hottest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different agencies handle global temperature data in slightly different ways, leading to small differences in monthly and yearly global temperature rankings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three agencies \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/a-broken-record-2014-hottest-year-18546\">ranked 2014 as the warmest year\u003c/a> on record by a slim margin, driven by the accumulation of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Nine of the 10 hottest years on record have all occurred in the 21st century, with the exception of the blockbuster El Nino year of 1998. There \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2014-set-for-record-hot-record-cold-thing-of-the-past-18360\">hasn’t been a record cold year\u003c/a> set since 1911, while during the same period there have been 19 record-warm years, according to a Climate Central analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”yLG9ynkn9lCKKKkxlL4zBZteDo5NQJ9S”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2014 mark was largely driven by considerable heat in the world’s oceans, as illustrated in the above graphic of sea surface temperatures \u003ca href=\"http://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/MediaDetail2.php?MediaID=1673&MediaTypeID=1\">released by NOAA\u003c/a>. The map shows that parts of the Pacific were the second warmest on record and the Indian Ocean was the third hottest since 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of warmth in the ocean,” NOAA climatologist Michelle L’Heureux said. Considering that the map shows such anomalous heat even compared to the past 30 or so years, when the signature of global warming had already emerged makes those rankings even more remarkable, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans on the whole were the third hottest on record for January 2015, according to NOAA. Record ocean warmth was seen off both coasts of North America; the hot waters off the West Coast has helped reinforce the unseasonably high temperatures and dry conditions in that part of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other ocean areas were much warmer than normal, though there were some cool spots, most notably in the North Atlantic between Greenland and Europe where record-cold sea surface temperatures were recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How global temperatures shape up over the rest of the year remains to be seen, but the ocean tends to hang on to heat for much longer than land areas, which will keep temperatures elevated for awhile. And as \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2015-begins-with-co2-above-400-ppm-mark-18534\">carbon dioxide\u003c/a> and other greenhouse gases continue to be emitted, the dice will be loaded to warmer and warmer years in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 564,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1704932239,
"excerpt": "Last month was the second-hottest January on record globally, in a continuation of 2014's warmth.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Last month was the second-hottest January on record globally, in a continuation of 2014's warmth.",
"title": "2015 Picks Up Where 2014 Record Heat Left Off | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "2015 Picks Up Where 2014 Record Heat Left Off",
"datePublished": "2015-02-20T09:05:59-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:17:19-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "2015-picks-up-where-2014-record-heat-left-off",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/27409/2015-picks-up-where-2014-record-heat-left-off",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27417\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/drought-e1424450328699-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27417\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/drought-e1424450328699-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Corn plants struggle to survive in a drought-stricken farm field near Oakton, Indiana. The corn and soybean belt in the middle of the nation is experiencing one of the worst droughts in more than five decades. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corn plants struggle to survive in a drought-stricken farm field near Oakton, Indiana. The corn and soybean belt in the middle of the nation is experiencing one of the worst droughts in more than five decades.\u003cbr>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Andrea Thompson\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmth that led 2014 to become the hottest year on record has continued into 2015, with last month ranking as the second-hottest January on record globally, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2015/1\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a> announced Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is safe to say that the warmth so far in 2015 really is a continuation of the warmth in 2014,” NOAA climatologist Jake Crouch said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The past month was 1.39°F above the 20th century average of 53.6°F, second only to 2007 in the agency’s records, which go back to 1880. The Japan Meteorological Agency had January 2015 tied with both January 2002 and 2007, while \u003ca href=\"http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts.txt\">NASA data\u003c/a> put the month in a tie for third with 2002, behind 2007 as the hottest and 2005 and 2013 as the second hottest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different agencies handle global temperature data in slightly different ways, leading to small differences in monthly and yearly global temperature rankings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three agencies \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/a-broken-record-2014-hottest-year-18546\">ranked 2014 as the warmest year\u003c/a> on record by a slim margin, driven by the accumulation of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Nine of the 10 hottest years on record have all occurred in the 21st century, with the exception of the blockbuster El Nino year of 1998. There \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2014-set-for-record-hot-record-cold-thing-of-the-past-18360\">hasn’t been a record cold year\u003c/a> set since 1911, while during the same period there have been 19 record-warm years, according to a Climate Central analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2014 mark was largely driven by considerable heat in the world’s oceans, as illustrated in the above graphic of sea surface temperatures \u003ca href=\"http://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/MediaDetail2.php?MediaID=1673&MediaTypeID=1\">released by NOAA\u003c/a>. The map shows that parts of the Pacific were the second warmest on record and the Indian Ocean was the third hottest since 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of warmth in the ocean,” NOAA climatologist Michelle L’Heureux said. Considering that the map shows such anomalous heat even compared to the past 30 or so years, when the signature of global warming had already emerged makes those rankings even more remarkable, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans on the whole were the third hottest on record for January 2015, according to NOAA. Record ocean warmth was seen off both coasts of North America; the hot waters off the West Coast has helped reinforce the unseasonably high temperatures and dry conditions in that part of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other ocean areas were much warmer than normal, though there were some cool spots, most notably in the North Atlantic between Greenland and Europe where record-cold sea surface temperatures were recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How global temperatures shape up over the rest of the year remains to be seen, but the ocean tends to hang on to heat for much longer than land areas, which will keep temperatures elevated for awhile. And as \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2015-begins-with-co2-above-400-ppm-mark-18534\">carbon dioxide\u003c/a> and other greenhouse gases continue to be emitted, the dice will be loaded to warmer and warmer years in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27409/2015-picks-up-where-2014-record-heat-left-off",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_31"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_64",
"science_5175",
"science_3811"
],
"featImg": "science_27417",
"label": "science"
},
"science_27188": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_27188",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "27188",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1423768735000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1423768735,
"format": "aside",
"title": "New Study: Global Warming Will Bring Megadroughts to the West",
"headTitle": "New Study: Global Warming Will Bring Megadroughts to the West | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Ten-century-drought.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Ten-century-drought.png\" alt=\"11 centuries of drought\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drought conditions during the last thousand years (brown line), along with projected conditions for the rest of this century, point to unprecedented megadroughts. Details of this graph are shown below. (All images Cook/AAAS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists taking a hard look at America’s climate future foresee long-lasting droughts later in this century unlike any in the last thousand years. The primary blame belongs to global warming from human activities, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/1/e1400082\">study released today\u003c/a> in the new open-access journal \u003ci>Science Advances\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate forecasts for the whole globe are well established. The scientific community accepts that when you consider the planet as a single pixel, adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere inevitably makes the world hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, climate forecasts for smaller regions of the world– like individual continents– are more of a cutting-edge exercise. Models differ and uncertainties are important. But in this new study a team of three climate scientists—Benjamin Cook (NASA), Toby Ault (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) and Jason Smerdon (Cornell)—made regional forecasts that project intense drying in two large parts of the U.S.: the Central Plains and the Southwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook’s team started by taking a group of 17 leading computer climate models and running simulations of the climate from 1931 through 2099 that include rising average temperatures. They generated two alternative futures: 1) a “business-as-usual” simulation in which nothing much changes in our global greenhouse gas emissions; and 2) a more moderate scenario in which we make some progress in shrinking emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked the models specifically to predict the level of moisture in the soil in the Central Plains and the Southwest. They used three different measures, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.drought.gov/drought/content/products-current-drought-and-monitoring-drought-indicators/palmer-drought-severity-index\">Palmer Drought Severity Index\u003c/a>. The PDSI is used by many agencies and is a common target in modeling studies. (After three years of scant rains, the Bay Area is sitting at \u003ca href=\"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/cmb/drought/recovery/current/curr-pmdi.gif\">a PDSI value below –4, or extreme drought\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook’s team ran the models a thousand times and determined the statistically best results, the so-called Monte Carlo technique. The results are consistent: more heat and greater evaporation mean less water in the soil. For the second half of this century, the results point to a state of unrelenting severe drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/PDSI-NorthAmerica.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/PDSI-NorthAmerica.png\" alt=\"North American projected PDSI\" width=\"450\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PDSI levels for the whole period 2050 to 2099 under the business-as-usual scenario. Dashed lines outline the Central Plains and Southwest regions that were modeled for the \u003ci>Science Advances\u003c/i> study. Note that the Southwest region includes California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their next step was to compare their 21st-century forecasts to the climate record of the past. For that they took the North American Drought Atlas (\u003ca href=\"http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.LDEO/.TRL/.NADA2004/.pdsi-atlas.html\">NADA\u003c/a>), a well-regarded record of summer droughts based on tree rings that goes back 2000 years and translates directly to PDSI numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the results for the Southwest region since about 1750—approximately the historical record. The tree-ring record shows that the upcoming droughts would greatly exceed anything in the historical record. Note that California is part of this region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/southwest-droughtcurve.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27190\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/southwest-droughtcurve.png\" alt=\"Projected drought for the Southwest\" width=\"500\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forecasted drought in the Southwest in terms of PDSI (red) and two other measures of soil moisture (blue and green), compared with the NADA tree-ring record (brown) since 1750. The gray zone is the range of the 17 different climate models used.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The comparison for the Central Plains region is similar. Here it’s interesting to note that in the mid-1800s, just before settlement began, this part of the West was known as the “Great American Desert.” The study’s projections show the area is likely to return to that state and then get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/midwest-droughtcurve.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/midwest-droughtcurve.png\" alt=\"Projected drought for the Central Plains\" width=\"500\" height=\"428\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forecasted drought in the Central Plains region compared with the tree-ring record.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cook’s team looked farther back in time, and compared their 21st-century forecasts against the last thousand years of the tree-ring drought record. That record is our best gauge of natural variation, how much the climate swings back and forth on its own. The graph, at the top of this post, shows a future state of persistent drought exceeding everything in the last millennium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Severe “megadroughts” have happened in the past that lasted 10 years or longer. The authors fix the odds of one at about 12% during historical time. For the second half of this century, though, they put the chances of a megadrought at 80% or greater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our results,” they conclude, “point to a markedly drier future that falls far outside the contemporary experience of natural and human systems in Western North America.” Because we already pump more water out of the ground than the rains put back, the outlook is grim under business as usual and “nearly identical,” they say, under the more moderate scenario. It doesn’t take much thought to realize the changes that may be in store for the residents and ecosystems of these areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look for \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/1/e1400082\">this paper, which is publicly readable\u003c/a>, to be discussed wherever climate change is debated. The beauty of open-access science like this is that it helps keep arguments focused and gives everyone the chance to consult the evidence for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 873,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1704932281,
"excerpt": "Our best climate models, combined with our best climate records, foresee at least a century of profound drought in the Midwest and Southwest.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Our best climate models, combined with our best climate records, foresee at least a century of profound drought in the Midwest and Southwest.",
"title": "New Study: Global Warming Will Bring Megadroughts to the West | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "New Study: Global Warming Will Bring Megadroughts to the West",
"datePublished": "2015-02-12T11:18:55-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:18:01-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "new-study-global-warming-will-bring-megadroughts-to-the-west",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/27188/new-study-global-warming-will-bring-megadroughts-to-the-west",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Ten-century-drought.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/Ten-century-drought.png\" alt=\"11 centuries of drought\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drought conditions during the last thousand years (brown line), along with projected conditions for the rest of this century, point to unprecedented megadroughts. Details of this graph are shown below. (All images Cook/AAAS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists taking a hard look at America’s climate future foresee long-lasting droughts later in this century unlike any in the last thousand years. The primary blame belongs to global warming from human activities, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/1/e1400082\">study released today\u003c/a> in the new open-access journal \u003ci>Science Advances\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate forecasts for the whole globe are well established. The scientific community accepts that when you consider the planet as a single pixel, adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere inevitably makes the world hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, climate forecasts for smaller regions of the world– like individual continents– are more of a cutting-edge exercise. Models differ and uncertainties are important. But in this new study a team of three climate scientists—Benjamin Cook (NASA), Toby Ault (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) and Jason Smerdon (Cornell)—made regional forecasts that project intense drying in two large parts of the U.S.: the Central Plains and the Southwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook’s team started by taking a group of 17 leading computer climate models and running simulations of the climate from 1931 through 2099 that include rising average temperatures. They generated two alternative futures: 1) a “business-as-usual” simulation in which nothing much changes in our global greenhouse gas emissions; and 2) a more moderate scenario in which we make some progress in shrinking emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked the models specifically to predict the level of moisture in the soil in the Central Plains and the Southwest. They used three different measures, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.drought.gov/drought/content/products-current-drought-and-monitoring-drought-indicators/palmer-drought-severity-index\">Palmer Drought Severity Index\u003c/a>. The PDSI is used by many agencies and is a common target in modeling studies. (After three years of scant rains, the Bay Area is sitting at \u003ca href=\"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/cmb/drought/recovery/current/curr-pmdi.gif\">a PDSI value below –4, or extreme drought\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook’s team ran the models a thousand times and determined the statistically best results, the so-called Monte Carlo technique. The results are consistent: more heat and greater evaporation mean less water in the soil. For the second half of this century, the results point to a state of unrelenting severe drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/PDSI-NorthAmerica.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/PDSI-NorthAmerica.png\" alt=\"North American projected PDSI\" width=\"450\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PDSI levels for the whole period 2050 to 2099 under the business-as-usual scenario. Dashed lines outline the Central Plains and Southwest regions that were modeled for the \u003ci>Science Advances\u003c/i> study. Note that the Southwest region includes California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their next step was to compare their 21st-century forecasts to the climate record of the past. For that they took the North American Drought Atlas (\u003ca href=\"http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.LDEO/.TRL/.NADA2004/.pdsi-atlas.html\">NADA\u003c/a>), a well-regarded record of summer droughts based on tree rings that goes back 2000 years and translates directly to PDSI numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the results for the Southwest region since about 1750—approximately the historical record. The tree-ring record shows that the upcoming droughts would greatly exceed anything in the historical record. Note that California is part of this region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/southwest-droughtcurve.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27190\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/southwest-droughtcurve.png\" alt=\"Projected drought for the Southwest\" width=\"500\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forecasted drought in the Southwest in terms of PDSI (red) and two other measures of soil moisture (blue and green), compared with the NADA tree-ring record (brown) since 1750. The gray zone is the range of the 17 different climate models used.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The comparison for the Central Plains region is similar. Here it’s interesting to note that in the mid-1800s, just before settlement began, this part of the West was known as the “Great American Desert.” The study’s projections show the area is likely to return to that state and then get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/midwest-droughtcurve.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/02/midwest-droughtcurve.png\" alt=\"Projected drought for the Central Plains\" width=\"500\" height=\"428\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forecasted drought in the Central Plains region compared with the tree-ring record.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cook’s team looked farther back in time, and compared their 21st-century forecasts against the last thousand years of the tree-ring drought record. That record is our best gauge of natural variation, how much the climate swings back and forth on its own. The graph, at the top of this post, shows a future state of persistent drought exceeding everything in the last millennium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Severe “megadroughts” have happened in the past that lasted 10 years or longer. The authors fix the odds of one at about 12% during historical time. For the second half of this century, though, they put the chances of a megadrought at 80% or greater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our results,” they conclude, “point to a markedly drier future that falls far outside the contemporary experience of natural and human systems in Western North America.” Because we already pump more water out of the ground than the rains put back, the outlook is grim under business as usual and “nearly identical,” they say, under the more moderate scenario. It doesn’t take much thought to realize the changes that may be in store for the residents and ecosystems of these areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look for \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/1/e1400082\">this paper, which is publicly readable\u003c/a>, to be discussed wherever climate change is debated. The beauty of open-access science like this is that it helps keep arguments focused and gives everyone the chance to consult the evidence for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/27188/new-study-global-warming-will-bring-megadroughts-to-the-west",
"authors": [
"6228"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_572",
"science_556"
],
"featImg": "science_27189",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_26776": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26776",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26776",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422720013000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422720013,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Your Chance to Weigh In on the EPA's New Smog Proposal",
"headTitle": "Your Chance to Weigh In on the EPA’s New Smog Proposal | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26786\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The federal\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/hearings.html\"> Environmental Protection Agency is holding a hearing\u003c/a> in Sacramento on Monday, Feb. 2, to hear public comment on new smog rules the Obama Administration says could prevent tens of thousands of asthma attacks and hundreds of premature deaths from air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing is one of just three across the nation where the EPA will listen to input on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/pdfs/20141125fs-overview.pdf\">new proposal\u003c/a> to reduce ozone from sources like diesel trucks, tractors, and oil refineries. The new standard would be 65-70 parts per billion (ppb), compared to today’s standard of 75 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain areas of California register some of the worst ozone pollution in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Living in the Central Valley, it’s dangerous to your health. You take risks by living here,” says Rosanna Esparza, of Bakersfield, an environmental activist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanwateraction.org/ca\">Clean Water Action\u003c/a>. “The standards as they are don’t protect us. Those are minimal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley is still struggling to meet the current ozone standard, set in 2008, and an even older standard of 84 ppb from 1997. The San Joaquin Valley Air District \u003ca href=\"http://www.centralvalleybusinesstimes.com/stories/001/?ID=27419\">says it would take a miracle\u003c/a> to meet the new standard; they say it would mean people all over the valley would have to swap out their cars and diesel trucks for zero-emission vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lower ozone threshold would also mean some counties, like Alameda and Contra Costa, which don’t currently violate the ozone standard, would likely be out of compliance with federal air rules. (Check out a map \u003ca href=\"http://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingSwipe/index.html?appid=a3c9f378699045749a85e9c04728fc79&webmap=3b3e0960060141c7828fc93b14e3d4d2\">here)\u003c/a>. Air quality flags warning of health risks would come out on more days of the year. Regions that don’t comply with the new standards risk fines and the loss of federal transportation money, among other consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry strongly \u003ca href=\"http://www.api.org/policy-and-issues/policy-items/environment/economic-impacts-of-ozone-regulations\">opposes the new smog rules\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmta.net/page/legupdate-article.php?legupdate_id=921824\">California Manufacturers and Technology Association\u003c/a> says a lower ozone standard would cost businesses – and kill jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires the EPA to base a decision on health science alone, not on the cost of achieving a standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can’t make it to the hearing, you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/how-to-comment.html\">submit public comment \u003c/a>online through March 17th.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 414,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704932340,
"excerpt": "Regulators say the stricter new standard could save lives and reduce hospitalizations. Critics say it would be costly and would kill jobs. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Regulators say the stricter new standard could save lives and reduce hospitalizations. Critics say it would be costly and would kill jobs. ",
"title": "Your Chance to Weigh In on the EPA's New Smog Proposal | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Your Chance to Weigh In on the EPA's New Smog Proposal",
"datePublished": "2015-01-31T08:00:13-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "your-chance-to-weigh-in-on-the-epas-new-smog-proposal",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26776/your-chance-to-weigh-in-on-the-epas-new-smog-proposal",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS8248_IMG_4424-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26786\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking west across San Pablo Bay, a tanker crosses in front of Mount Tamalpais, showing the poor air quality in December, 2013. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The federal\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/hearings.html\"> Environmental Protection Agency is holding a hearing\u003c/a> in Sacramento on Monday, Feb. 2, to hear public comment on new smog rules the Obama Administration says could prevent tens of thousands of asthma attacks and hundreds of premature deaths from air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing is one of just three across the nation where the EPA will listen to input on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/pdfs/20141125fs-overview.pdf\">new proposal\u003c/a> to reduce ozone from sources like diesel trucks, tractors, and oil refineries. The new standard would be 65-70 parts per billion (ppb), compared to today’s standard of 75 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain areas of California register some of the worst ozone pollution in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Living in the Central Valley, it’s dangerous to your health. You take risks by living here,” says Rosanna Esparza, of Bakersfield, an environmental activist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanwateraction.org/ca\">Clean Water Action\u003c/a>. “The standards as they are don’t protect us. Those are minimal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley is still struggling to meet the current ozone standard, set in 2008, and an even older standard of 84 ppb from 1997. The San Joaquin Valley Air District \u003ca href=\"http://www.centralvalleybusinesstimes.com/stories/001/?ID=27419\">says it would take a miracle\u003c/a> to meet the new standard; they say it would mean people all over the valley would have to swap out their cars and diesel trucks for zero-emission vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lower ozone threshold would also mean some counties, like Alameda and Contra Costa, which don’t currently violate the ozone standard, would likely be out of compliance with federal air rules. (Check out a map \u003ca href=\"http://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingSwipe/index.html?appid=a3c9f378699045749a85e9c04728fc79&webmap=3b3e0960060141c7828fc93b14e3d4d2\">here)\u003c/a>. Air quality flags warning of health risks would come out on more days of the year. Regions that don’t comply with the new standards risk fines and the loss of federal transportation money, among other consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry strongly \u003ca href=\"http://www.api.org/policy-and-issues/policy-items/environment/economic-impacts-of-ozone-regulations\">opposes the new smog rules\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmta.net/page/legupdate-article.php?legupdate_id=921824\">California Manufacturers and Technology Association\u003c/a> says a lower ozone standard would cost businesses – and kill jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires the EPA to base a decision on health science alone, not on the cost of achieving a standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can’t make it to the hearing, you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/how-to-comment.html\">submit public comment \u003c/a>online through March 17th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26776/your-chance-to-weigh-in-on-the-epas-new-smog-proposal",
"authors": [
"254"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_686",
"science_2080",
"science_554"
],
"featImg": "science_26786",
"label": "science"
},
"science_26655": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26655",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26655",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422565174000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422565174,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Shrinking Sierra Snowpack Heightens Drought Worries",
"headTitle": "Shrinking Sierra Snowpack Heightens Drought Worries | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/20150118094856_IMG_2760-1024x682.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-26659\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/20150118094856_IMG_2760-1024x682.jpeg\" alt=\"Barren shores at Fallen Leaf Lake in January. (Joanne Elgart-Jennings)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barren shores remain in January at Fallen Leaf Lake, more than 6,000 feet above sea level in the northern Sierra. (Joanne Elgart-Jennings)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Manual surveys on Thursday confirmed concerns over the \u003ca title=\"CDEC - snowpack\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">withering mountain snowpack\u003c/a> — a critical source of water for millions of Californians. Statewide, water content in the Sierra’s accumulated snows is an anemic 25 percent of the average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s despite a really soggy December in which some California cities got nearly three times their normal rainfall — and rainfall is the operative word. But those storms weren’t cold enough to deliver much snow to the middle elevations. 2014 went down as California’s warmest year on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The temperature side of things should not be neglected here, says climatologist Kelly Redmond, who has been tracking patterns in the Sierra for 25 years at the Western Regional Climate Center in Reno. “It has its own consequences that sort of stack on top of the precipitation deficits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Lake Tahoe region, Redmond says the “\u003ca title=\"Wiki - freezing level\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing_level\">freezing level\u003c/a>” — the elevation at which temperatures dip to freezing — has hovered at around 10,200 feet, or about 3,000 feet higher than the long-term average. That means less snow stored in the high peaks for use this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow that with what is now looking like a record-dry January for most of the state — and you’re left with a snowpack that is little more than a quarter of what’s normal for this date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news: we’re in better shape than we were last year at this time but still far, far behind the kind of winter that all the experts said we would need to even begin to reverse the drought. While, thanks to December’s deluge, many cities in the Central Valley remain slightly ahead of normal for the season so far a \u003ca title=\"CDEC - 8-station index\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reports/PLOT_ESI\">closely-watched index\u003c/a> of eight gauges in the northern Sierra — a key indicator for some of the state’s biggest reservoirs — has slipped below its average for late January, with little indication of major storms on the horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while might be tempting to say, “Hey, what’s the problem — we’re running just about average,” state water managers have said California would likely need upward of 150 percent of its average precipitation to start turning things around. And time is running out. The occasional “March miracle” notwithstanding, the rhythms of California’s Mediterranean climate are such that precipitation typically starts tapering off after February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This video from the state Department of Water Resources shows how patchy the snow cover is, even around 7,000 feet of elevation. The “12 percent of average” that surveyor Frank Gehrke mentions is the reading from the single snow course where the video was shot, not the statewide number.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3qA3ysiHkM\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 510,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1704932347,
"excerpt": "'Frozen reservoir,' source of a third of California's water, is far below historical average.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "'Frozen reservoir,' source of a third of California's water, is far below historical average.",
"title": "Shrinking Sierra Snowpack Heightens Drought Worries | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Shrinking Sierra Snowpack Heightens Drought Worries",
"datePublished": "2015-01-29T12:59:34-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:07-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "shrinking-sierra-snowpack-heightens-drought-worries",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26655/shrinking-sierra-snowpack-heightens-drought-worries",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/20150118094856_IMG_2760-1024x682.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-26659\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/20150118094856_IMG_2760-1024x682.jpeg\" alt=\"Barren shores at Fallen Leaf Lake in January. (Joanne Elgart-Jennings)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barren shores remain in January at Fallen Leaf Lake, more than 6,000 feet above sea level in the northern Sierra. (Joanne Elgart-Jennings)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Manual surveys on Thursday confirmed concerns over the \u003ca title=\"CDEC - snowpack\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">withering mountain snowpack\u003c/a> — a critical source of water for millions of Californians. Statewide, water content in the Sierra’s accumulated snows is an anemic 25 percent of the average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s despite a really soggy December in which some California cities got nearly three times their normal rainfall — and rainfall is the operative word. But those storms weren’t cold enough to deliver much snow to the middle elevations. 2014 went down as California’s warmest year on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The temperature side of things should not be neglected here, says climatologist Kelly Redmond, who has been tracking patterns in the Sierra for 25 years at the Western Regional Climate Center in Reno. “It has its own consequences that sort of stack on top of the precipitation deficits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Lake Tahoe region, Redmond says the “\u003ca title=\"Wiki - freezing level\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing_level\">freezing level\u003c/a>” — the elevation at which temperatures dip to freezing — has hovered at around 10,200 feet, or about 3,000 feet higher than the long-term average. That means less snow stored in the high peaks for use this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow that with what is now looking like a record-dry January for most of the state — and you’re left with a snowpack that is little more than a quarter of what’s normal for this date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news: we’re in better shape than we were last year at this time but still far, far behind the kind of winter that all the experts said we would need to even begin to reverse the drought. While, thanks to December’s deluge, many cities in the Central Valley remain slightly ahead of normal for the season so far a \u003ca title=\"CDEC - 8-station index\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reports/PLOT_ESI\">closely-watched index\u003c/a> of eight gauges in the northern Sierra — a key indicator for some of the state’s biggest reservoirs — has slipped below its average for late January, with little indication of major storms on the horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while might be tempting to say, “Hey, what’s the problem — we’re running just about average,” state water managers have said California would likely need upward of 150 percent of its average precipitation to start turning things around. And time is running out. The occasional “March miracle” notwithstanding, the rhythms of California’s Mediterranean climate are such that precipitation typically starts tapering off after February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This video from the state Department of Water Resources shows how patchy the snow cover is, even around 7,000 feet of elevation. The “12 percent of average” that surveyor Frank Gehrke mentions is the reading from the single snow course where the video was shot, not the statewide number.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/F3qA3ysiHkM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/F3qA3ysiHkM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26655/shrinking-sierra-snowpack-heightens-drought-worries",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_64",
"science_1004",
"science_1462",
"science_365"
],
"featImg": "science_26659",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_26629": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26629",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26629",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422452723000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422452723,
"format": "aside",
"title": "NASA Satellite Could Help Weather Forecasts, Drought Management",
"headTitle": "NASA Satellite Could Help Weather Forecasts, Drought Management | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26631\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SMAP.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26631\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SMAP.png\" alt=\"NASA's SMAP satellite will capture microwave radiation from the Earth to measure soil moisture. (NASA)\" width=\"620\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s SMAP satellite will capture microwave radiation from the Earth to measure soil moisture. (NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thursday morning a rocket was scheduled to lift off from \u003ca href=\"http://www.vandenberg.af.mil/\">Vandenberg Air Force Base \u003c/a>on California’s Central Coast, tricked out with instruments that could provide better weather forecasts and more clues to where the drought is headed. (Update: NASA \u003ca title=\"Yahoo News - post\" href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/nasa-calls-off-satellite-launch-minutes-liftoff-due-151253584.html;_ylt=AwrTcc1wW8pUCW8AwGEnnIlQ\">rescheduled Thursday’s launch\u003c/a> for Saturday due to high winds and technical problems).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not one of NASA’s catchier names, but the \u003ca title=\"NASA - JPL - SMAP\" href=\"http://smap.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/description/\">satellite known as SMAP\u003c/a>, for “Soil Moisture Active Passive” is designed to provide — for the first time — highly precise maps of water stored in topsoil around the world. Scientists say that’s an important cog in the planet’s water cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much like when you perspire, your sweat evaporates and cools your body,” offers Kent Kellogg, the mission’s project director at the Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it evaporates it seeds the atmosphere with moisture, so that clouds can form, and then precipitation can occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From more than 400 miles up, SMAP will measure differences in natural microwave radiation coming off the Earth. Kellogg likens it to a big pair of night vision goggles in the sky, but measuring radiation on a much lower frequency (so, no, it doesn’t mean NASA can watch you skulking around at night). Wetter soil is cooler and drier soil warmer. From that, scientists can derive water content accurate down to about 6 square miles. Kellogg says that could improve local flood forecasting and drought management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you know how much water is in the soil, if you think of soil as a sponge and you know how full of water that soil or that sponge is, you can have a much better prediction of the likelihood for flooding to occur,” explains Kellogg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCBBEbKVwm4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently soil moisture is mapped using a relatively sparse network of individual ground-level probes. SMAP will constantly map soil conditions globally. Record high temperatures have \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">stoked evaporation from soils\u003c/a>, making California’s current drought even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SMAP will give us a much more accurate measurement of the rate of change of drought-prone areas,” says Kellogg. “Are they getting larger or getting smaller?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been getting larger in California lately, given the \u003ca title=\"SFGate - post\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Destructive-extremes-California-s-dry-January-6041530.php\">historically dry January\u003c/a> that’s just winding down, with little precipitation on the horizon. Of course, it’s hard to see clearly more than about ten days out with current weather models. NASA expects SMAP to help with that as well, possibly adding days to the range of reliable regional forecasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding soil moisture conditions in regional areas can give us a lot of insight into the likelihood for rain to form and for the regional temperatures,” says Kellogg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But SMAP will have its limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not expect to use SMAP data at this point,” says Roger Bales, a climate scientist at the University of California, Merced, “in part because we do not expect it to provide relevant soil moisture information for the areas where we work.” Bales has spent years developing a ground-based network of sensors to measure soil and other hydrologic conditions in the Sierra Nevada, much of which is heavily forested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SMAP has some limitations on measurements of soil moisture when the soil is covered by canopy,” or snow in a wet year, Bales points out. “We also understand that SMAP will mainly measure moisture in a thin surface layer of soil, and our interest is more on the deeper soil profile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with its 20 or so ground passes per day, Kellogg expects SMAP to provide useful data on more exposed ground, such as the millions of acres of irrigated land in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SMAP will be the fifth and final addition to a suite of recently launched earth science satellites that track attributes ranging from precipitation to the carbon cycle.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 688,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704932355,
"excerpt": "Newest Earth science mission could extend the accuracy range of weather forecasts, fine-tune flood forecasts.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Newest Earth science mission could extend the accuracy range of weather forecasts, fine-tune flood forecasts.",
"title": "NASA Satellite Could Help Weather Forecasts, Drought Management | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "NASA Satellite Could Help Weather Forecasts, Drought Management",
"datePublished": "2015-01-28T05:45:23-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:15-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "satellite-could-help-weather-forecasts-drought-management",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26629/satellite-could-help-weather-forecasts-drought-management",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26631\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SMAP.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26631\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SMAP.png\" alt=\"NASA's SMAP satellite will capture microwave radiation from the Earth to measure soil moisture. (NASA)\" width=\"620\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s SMAP satellite will capture microwave radiation from the Earth to measure soil moisture. (NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thursday morning a rocket was scheduled to lift off from \u003ca href=\"http://www.vandenberg.af.mil/\">Vandenberg Air Force Base \u003c/a>on California’s Central Coast, tricked out with instruments that could provide better weather forecasts and more clues to where the drought is headed. (Update: NASA \u003ca title=\"Yahoo News - post\" href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/nasa-calls-off-satellite-launch-minutes-liftoff-due-151253584.html;_ylt=AwrTcc1wW8pUCW8AwGEnnIlQ\">rescheduled Thursday’s launch\u003c/a> for Saturday due to high winds and technical problems).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not one of NASA’s catchier names, but the \u003ca title=\"NASA - JPL - SMAP\" href=\"http://smap.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/description/\">satellite known as SMAP\u003c/a>, for “Soil Moisture Active Passive” is designed to provide — for the first time — highly precise maps of water stored in topsoil around the world. Scientists say that’s an important cog in the planet’s water cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much like when you perspire, your sweat evaporates and cools your body,” offers Kent Kellogg, the mission’s project director at the Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it evaporates it seeds the atmosphere with moisture, so that clouds can form, and then precipitation can occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From more than 400 miles up, SMAP will measure differences in natural microwave radiation coming off the Earth. Kellogg likens it to a big pair of night vision goggles in the sky, but measuring radiation on a much lower frequency (so, no, it doesn’t mean NASA can watch you skulking around at night). Wetter soil is cooler and drier soil warmer. From that, scientists can derive water content accurate down to about 6 square miles. Kellogg says that could improve local flood forecasting and drought management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you know how much water is in the soil, if you think of soil as a sponge and you know how full of water that soil or that sponge is, you can have a much better prediction of the likelihood for flooding to occur,” explains Kellogg.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/GCBBEbKVwm4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/GCBBEbKVwm4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Currently soil moisture is mapped using a relatively sparse network of individual ground-level probes. SMAP will constantly map soil conditions globally. Record high temperatures have \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">stoked evaporation from soils\u003c/a>, making California’s current drought even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SMAP will give us a much more accurate measurement of the rate of change of drought-prone areas,” says Kellogg. “Are they getting larger or getting smaller?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been getting larger in California lately, given the \u003ca title=\"SFGate - post\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Destructive-extremes-California-s-dry-January-6041530.php\">historically dry January\u003c/a> that’s just winding down, with little precipitation on the horizon. Of course, it’s hard to see clearly more than about ten days out with current weather models. NASA expects SMAP to help with that as well, possibly adding days to the range of reliable regional forecasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding soil moisture conditions in regional areas can give us a lot of insight into the likelihood for rain to form and for the regional temperatures,” says Kellogg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But SMAP will have its limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not expect to use SMAP data at this point,” says Roger Bales, a climate scientist at the University of California, Merced, “in part because we do not expect it to provide relevant soil moisture information for the areas where we work.” Bales has spent years developing a ground-based network of sensors to measure soil and other hydrologic conditions in the Sierra Nevada, much of which is heavily forested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SMAP has some limitations on measurements of soil moisture when the soil is covered by canopy,” or snow in a wet year, Bales points out. “We also understand that SMAP will mainly measure moisture in a thin surface layer of soil, and our interest is more on the deeper soil profile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with its 20 or so ground passes per day, Kellogg expects SMAP to provide useful data on more exposed ground, such as the millions of acres of irrigated land in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SMAP will be the fifth and final addition to a suite of recently launched earth science satellites that track attributes ranging from precipitation to the carbon cycle.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26629/satellite-could-help-weather-forecasts-drought-management",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_89",
"science_38",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_5175",
"science_365"
],
"featImg": "science_26631",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_26293": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26293",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26293",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422057504000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422057504,
"format": "aside",
"title": "'Ridiculous Ridge' May Be Back to Prolong California Drought",
"headTitle": "‘Ridiculous Ridge’ May Be Back to Prolong California Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150123ScienceResilientRidge.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26562\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037269149-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26562 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037269149-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You might’ve noticed a conspicuous absence lately: rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, with a scant few days remaining in the month, much of Northern California is on track for a record-dry January. The winter storms that had us scrambling in December have largely dried up, raising the prospect of a fourth year of drought. We had two big bursts that qualify as \u003ca title=\"Q-NewsFix - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/09/our-next-storm-very-windy-and-very-wet\">atmospheric river storms\u003c/a> and then … crickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this sounds somewhat familiar, flash back to the beginning of 2013, when, after a similarly soggy December, almost in sync with the New Year’s ball dropping in Times Square, the tap suddenly shut off — and stayed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turned out that a big, bloated bubble of high pressure had parked itself over the West Coast and did not move. It caught the eye of Daniel Swain, then a 23-year-old doctoral student in climate science at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going on and on, well beyond that maximum that we normally see and persisting over months,” Swain recalls. “And not only over months but then recurring essentially over the course of two consecutive winter seasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started writing about it on his \u003ca title=\"Weather West\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1085\">California Weather blog\u003c/a> and decided to give it a name: the \u003ca title=\"CA Wx Blog - post\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1085\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>. It stuck. In fact, the “Triple-R” as it’s now known in weather geek shorthand, has become enough of “a thing” that it has \u003ca title=\"Wiki - RRR\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridiculously_Resilient_Ridge\">its own Wikipedia page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26565\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26565 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storms headed for the California coast run into the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, represented by the “H” in this graphic. (David Pierce/ KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pockets of high and low pressure — meteorologists like to call them “ridges” and “troughs” — are a regular feature of California’s winter weather, moving through like waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These pressure patterns in the upper atmosphere define wind flow,” Swain explains, “and where the wind’s coming from defines the storm track and whether California receives its wintertime precipitation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or doesn’t. When we’re in a trough, the usual winter storm track in the Pacific is ushered right into California. But as Swain points out, “When it’s pushed farther north, as has been the case when we see these big ridges of high pressure occur, that storm track gets shifted well to the north, to British Columbia, to Alaska.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As weatherman Paul Deanno at San Francisco’s CBS-5 put it, “It’s like a bouncer in the sky. Nothing makes it here with the ridge right on top of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain offers another image: “They’re like boulders in a small stream of water that deflect the flow of the water to either side of the boulder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, that stream is the jet stream, the high-level winds that are the conveyor belt for California’s rain and snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it’s kind of literally true,” Swain says, “because these pressure patterns in the atmosphere are actually defining fluid flow, except in this case the fluid is air in the atmosphere rather than water in a stream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Daniel-Swain-e1422041073843-782x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26572 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Daniel-Swain-e1422041073843-782x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain coined the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge” moniker. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"305\" height=\"399\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain coined the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge” moniker. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So now, here we are again, with an obstinate ridge parked over us. Does this mean the Triple-R has returned?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No,” California State Climatologist Mike Anderson told me at a recent drought briefing. “This is very different from the pattern that set up last year, where we had a ridge that extended up into Canada, and was reinforced and lasted six weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pattern we’re in now is more of a transient pattern where you may see a ridge develop but it may just as easily break down,” Anderson continued. “In this case, the patterns that we see in the jet streams and the oceans are not all moving in the same direction to create such a ridge. The jet stream is in a position where it will push through and will have an easier time than it did last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain \u003ca title=\"CA Wx Blog - post\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2853\">agrees that the jury is out\u003c/a>, though the current high-pressure pattern has remained in control for more than a month now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a really critical time of year,” he adds. And if this high-pressure stays parked into February? “Then we have to start thinking about the potential that we’re looking at another dry year, despite the fact that we saw so much rainfall in early December,” Swain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other things we don’t know: whether this is some kind of “new normal” and if it is, whether human-induced climate change is to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we do know is that winter doesn’t last all year. January is the middle leg of a three-month stretch in which California typically gets half its precipitation (in the Bay Area, December, January and February are virtually tied for the wettest months on average). And while there have been “March miracles,” at some point, time runs out.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 926,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1704932366,
"excerpt": "Scientists hope a stubborn high-pressure bubble over the West Coast isn't a replay of the last two winters.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists hope a stubborn high-pressure bubble over the West Coast isn't a replay of the last two winters.",
"title": "'Ridiculous Ridge' May Be Back to Prolong California Drought | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "'Ridiculous Ridge' May Be Back to Prolong California Drought",
"datePublished": "2015-01-23T15:58:24-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:26-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150123ScienceResilientRidge.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26293/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/01/20150123ScienceResilientRidge.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26562\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037269149-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26562 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridge-image-e1422037269149-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clouds dissipate over San Pablo Bay after the season’s most intense storm on December 11. There’s been relatively little rain since. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You might’ve noticed a conspicuous absence lately: rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, with a scant few days remaining in the month, much of Northern California is on track for a record-dry January. The winter storms that had us scrambling in December have largely dried up, raising the prospect of a fourth year of drought. We had two big bursts that qualify as \u003ca title=\"Q-NewsFix - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/09/our-next-storm-very-windy-and-very-wet\">atmospheric river storms\u003c/a> and then … crickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this sounds somewhat familiar, flash back to the beginning of 2013, when, after a similarly soggy December, almost in sync with the New Year’s ball dropping in Times Square, the tap suddenly shut off — and stayed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turned out that a big, bloated bubble of high pressure had parked itself over the West Coast and did not move. It caught the eye of Daniel Swain, then a 23-year-old doctoral student in climate science at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going on and on, well beyond that maximum that we normally see and persisting over months,” Swain recalls. “And not only over months but then recurring essentially over the course of two consecutive winter seasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started writing about it on his \u003ca title=\"Weather West\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1085\">California Weather blog\u003c/a> and decided to give it a name: the \u003ca title=\"CA Wx Blog - post\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1085\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>. It stuck. In fact, the “Triple-R” as it’s now known in weather geek shorthand, has become enough of “a thing” that it has \u003ca title=\"Wiki - RRR\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridiculously_Resilient_Ridge\">its own Wikipedia page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26565\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26565 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storms headed for the California coast run into the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, represented by the “H” in this graphic. (David Pierce/ KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pockets of high and low pressure — meteorologists like to call them “ridges” and “troughs” — are a regular feature of California’s winter weather, moving through like waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These pressure patterns in the upper atmosphere define wind flow,” Swain explains, “and where the wind’s coming from defines the storm track and whether California receives its wintertime precipitation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or doesn’t. When we’re in a trough, the usual winter storm track in the Pacific is ushered right into California. But as Swain points out, “When it’s pushed farther north, as has been the case when we see these big ridges of high pressure occur, that storm track gets shifted well to the north, to British Columbia, to Alaska.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As weatherman Paul Deanno at San Francisco’s CBS-5 put it, “It’s like a bouncer in the sky. Nothing makes it here with the ridge right on top of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain offers another image: “They’re like boulders in a small stream of water that deflect the flow of the water to either side of the boulder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, that stream is the jet stream, the high-level winds that are the conveyor belt for California’s rain and snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it’s kind of literally true,” Swain says, “because these pressure patterns in the atmosphere are actually defining fluid flow, except in this case the fluid is air in the atmosphere rather than water in a stream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Daniel-Swain-e1422041073843-782x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26572 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Daniel-Swain-e1422041073843-782x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain coined the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge” moniker. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"305\" height=\"399\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain coined the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge” moniker. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So now, here we are again, with an obstinate ridge parked over us. Does this mean the Triple-R has returned?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No,” California State Climatologist Mike Anderson told me at a recent drought briefing. “This is very different from the pattern that set up last year, where we had a ridge that extended up into Canada, and was reinforced and lasted six weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pattern we’re in now is more of a transient pattern where you may see a ridge develop but it may just as easily break down,” Anderson continued. “In this case, the patterns that we see in the jet streams and the oceans are not all moving in the same direction to create such a ridge. The jet stream is in a position where it will push through and will have an easier time than it did last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain \u003ca title=\"CA Wx Blog - post\" href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2853\">agrees that the jury is out\u003c/a>, though the current high-pressure pattern has remained in control for more than a month now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a really critical time of year,” he adds. And if this high-pressure stays parked into February? “Then we have to start thinking about the potential that we’re looking at another dry year, despite the fact that we saw so much rainfall in early December,” Swain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other things we don’t know: whether this is some kind of “new normal” and if it is, whether human-induced climate change is to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we do know is that winter doesn’t last all year. January is the middle leg of a three-month stretch in which California typically gets half its precipitation (in the Bay Area, December, January and February are virtually tied for the wettest months on average). And while there have been “March miracles,” at some point, time runs out.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26293/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_31",
"science_40",
"science_43",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_2227",
"science_1879"
],
"featImg": "science_26562",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_26371": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26371",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26371",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1421676039000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1421676039,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Sick Sea Lions Wash Up on California Beaches",
"headTitle": "Sick Sea Lions Wash Up on California Beaches | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26406\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/AA-Sea-lion-pups_Sarah-van-Schagen-e1421460550384-1024x578.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26406 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/AA-Sea-lion-pups_Sarah-van-Schagen-e1421460550384-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"The Marine Mammal Center’s record-breaking patient load in 2014 included an influx of emaciated young sea lions. (Sarah van Schagen/The Marine Mammal Center) \" width=\"1024\" height=\"578\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marine Mammal Center’s record-breaking patient load in 2014 included an influx of emaciated young sea lions. (Sarah van Schagen/The Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year a record number of sea lions washed up on Central and Northern California beaches, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, the organization that treats wounded wild marine animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually the center near Sausalito treats fewer than 20 sea lion pups a year, but in 2014 that spiked to 245. Older sea lions also stranded themselves in record numbers last year, 449 up from 176 in 2013. A neurotoxin found in algal blooms affected 34 percent of the adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea lions were sighted all the way from San Luis Obispo to Mendocino. When rescuers responded to calls, said Shawn Johnson, Director of Veterinary Science, the emaciated pups looked extremely undernourished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very sad,” Johnson said. “Imagine starving to death and not eating for many weeks, where your skin is just hanging off you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do Pups Get Stranded?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strandings happen when sea lion moms abandon their pups before they are ready to feed on their own. Scientists are unsure precisely what is causing these events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26410\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 335px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Blarney-McCresty-rehab-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26410 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Blarney-McCresty-rehab-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Blarney McCresty, an adult male California sea lion, was treated for domoic acid toxicity during his rehabilitation at The Marine Mammal Center.\" width=\"335\" height=\"223\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blarney McCresty, an adult male California sea lion, was treated for domoic acid toxicity during his rehabilitation at The Marine Mammal Center. (The Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One possibility is rising ocean temperatures. Fish live in specific temperature ranges and warmer water could change their habitat, which means sea lion moms swim father afield to find the same amount of nutrients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists do know that when the adults are unable to provide for the pups they abandon them. If the infants are younger than 10 months, they don’t know how to fend for themselves and wind up on beaches throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year the center is able to save about 50 percent of the pups that are rescued, by nourishing them back to health with a slurry of ground-up fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is working with biologists from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/\">National Marine Mammal Laboratory\u003c/a> to study the health of sea lion populations on the Channel Islands, where the animals breed. They’re hoping to help predict future strandings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re bracing for another very big year in 2015,” Johnson said. “The biologists observing sea lions at the Channel Islands say the pups are underweight so we’ll likely have another busy spring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sea Lions Have Brain Damage, Experience Seizures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26414\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Atlas-Orbit-Caelum_release__Conner-Jay-242x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26414\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Atlas-Orbit-Caelum_release__Conner-Jay-242x162.jpg\" alt=\"California sea lions Atlas, Orbit and Caelum return to the ocean at Chimney Rock in Point Reyes after receiving care at The Marine Mammal Center. (Conner Jay/ The Marine Mammal Center)\" width=\"324\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California sea lions Atlas, Orbit and Caelum return to the ocean at Chimney Rock in Point Reyes after receiving care at The Marine Mammal Center. (Conner Jay/ The Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since 1998, scientists have discovered sea lions with a neurotoxin that causes memory loss and seizures. Domoic acid is created by certain types of algae and passed up the food chain from fish to the animals that eat them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once ingested, the toxin enters the bloodstream, traveling to the brain where it starts causing brain damage. Scientists performing memory tests on the animals also found that the animals lost memory function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If treated immediately, some of the sea lions survive but once the toxin accumulates the animals often experience multiple seizures and die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, four sea lions have been admitted to The Marine Mammal Center that have domoic acid. Because these harmful algal blooms can be toxic to humans as well, the center alerts the health department when several animals are discovered with the toxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to domoic acid, they literally are the canaries in the ocean or coal mine,” Johnson said. “We do what we can but some of these sea lions might not have enough memory to survive out in the wild.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 645,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704932382,
"excerpt": "The Marine Mammal Center treated record numbers of stranded sea lions last year, and the problem is expected to continue in 2015.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The Marine Mammal Center treated record numbers of stranded sea lions last year, and the problem is expected to continue in 2015.",
"title": "Sick Sea Lions Wash Up on California Beaches | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Sick Sea Lions Wash Up on California Beaches",
"datePublished": "2015-01-19T06:00:39-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:42-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "sick-sea-lions-wash-up-on-california-beaches",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26371/sick-sea-lions-wash-up-on-california-beaches",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26406\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/AA-Sea-lion-pups_Sarah-van-Schagen-e1421460550384-1024x578.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26406 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/AA-Sea-lion-pups_Sarah-van-Schagen-e1421460550384-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"The Marine Mammal Center’s record-breaking patient load in 2014 included an influx of emaciated young sea lions. (Sarah van Schagen/The Marine Mammal Center) \" width=\"1024\" height=\"578\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marine Mammal Center’s record-breaking patient load in 2014 included an influx of emaciated young sea lions. (Sarah van Schagen/The Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year a record number of sea lions washed up on Central and Northern California beaches, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, the organization that treats wounded wild marine animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually the center near Sausalito treats fewer than 20 sea lion pups a year, but in 2014 that spiked to 245. Older sea lions also stranded themselves in record numbers last year, 449 up from 176 in 2013. A neurotoxin found in algal blooms affected 34 percent of the adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea lions were sighted all the way from San Luis Obispo to Mendocino. When rescuers responded to calls, said Shawn Johnson, Director of Veterinary Science, the emaciated pups looked extremely undernourished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very sad,” Johnson said. “Imagine starving to death and not eating for many weeks, where your skin is just hanging off you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do Pups Get Stranded?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strandings happen when sea lion moms abandon their pups before they are ready to feed on their own. Scientists are unsure precisely what is causing these events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26410\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 335px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Blarney-McCresty-rehab-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26410 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Blarney-McCresty-rehab-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Blarney McCresty, an adult male California sea lion, was treated for domoic acid toxicity during his rehabilitation at The Marine Mammal Center.\" width=\"335\" height=\"223\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blarney McCresty, an adult male California sea lion, was treated for domoic acid toxicity during his rehabilitation at The Marine Mammal Center. (The Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One possibility is rising ocean temperatures. Fish live in specific temperature ranges and warmer water could change their habitat, which means sea lion moms swim father afield to find the same amount of nutrients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists do know that when the adults are unable to provide for the pups they abandon them. If the infants are younger than 10 months, they don’t know how to fend for themselves and wind up on beaches throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year the center is able to save about 50 percent of the pups that are rescued, by nourishing them back to health with a slurry of ground-up fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is working with biologists from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/\">National Marine Mammal Laboratory\u003c/a> to study the health of sea lion populations on the Channel Islands, where the animals breed. They’re hoping to help predict future strandings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re bracing for another very big year in 2015,” Johnson said. “The biologists observing sea lions at the Channel Islands say the pups are underweight so we’ll likely have another busy spring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sea Lions Have Brain Damage, Experience Seizures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26414\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Atlas-Orbit-Caelum_release__Conner-Jay-242x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-26414\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Atlas-Orbit-Caelum_release__Conner-Jay-242x162.jpg\" alt=\"California sea lions Atlas, Orbit and Caelum return to the ocean at Chimney Rock in Point Reyes after receiving care at The Marine Mammal Center. (Conner Jay/ The Marine Mammal Center)\" width=\"324\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California sea lions Atlas, Orbit and Caelum return to the ocean at Chimney Rock in Point Reyes after receiving care at The Marine Mammal Center. (Conner Jay/ The Marine Mammal Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since 1998, scientists have discovered sea lions with a neurotoxin that causes memory loss and seizures. Domoic acid is created by certain types of algae and passed up the food chain from fish to the animals that eat them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once ingested, the toxin enters the bloodstream, traveling to the brain where it starts causing brain damage. Scientists performing memory tests on the animals also found that the animals lost memory function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If treated immediately, some of the sea lions survive but once the toxin accumulates the animals often experience multiple seizures and die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, four sea lions have been admitted to The Marine Mammal Center that have domoic acid. Because these harmful algal blooms can be toxic to humans as well, the center alerts the health department when several animals are discovered with the toxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to domoic acid, they literally are the canaries in the ocean or coal mine,” Johnson said. “We do what we can but some of these sea lions might not have enough memory to survive out in the wild.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26371/sick-sea-lions-wash-up-on-california-beaches",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_5182"
],
"featImg": "science_26406",
"label": "science"
},
"science_26347": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26347",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26347",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1421432835000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1421432835,
"format": "aside",
"title": "It's Official: 2014 Was The Hottest Year on Record, NOAA Says",
"headTitle": "It’s Official: 2014 Was The Hottest Year on Record, NOAA Says | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtPkFBbJLMg\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/348764934/eyder-peralta\">Eyder Peralta\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong> NPR\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s official: 2014 was the hottest year on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Climatic Data Center crunched the numbers and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/13\">came to this conclusion\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The year 2014 was the warmest year across global land and ocean surfaces since records began in 1880. The annually-averaged temperature was 0.69°C (1.24°F) above the 20th century average of 13.9°C (57.0°F), easily breaking the previous records of 2005 and 2010 by 0.04°C (0.07°F). This also marks the 38th consecutive year (since 1977) that the yearly global temperature was above average. Including 2014, 9 of the 10 warmest years in the 135-year period of record have occurred in the 21st century. 1998 currently ranks as the fourth warmest year on record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/04/368533781/2014-to-be-warmest-year-on-record-u-n-weather-agency-says\">We’ve been expecting this news since December\u003c/a>, but NOAA has now made it official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a good graphic that tells you how temperatures fared globally in relation to a 1981-2010 average:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/NOAA-image.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-26350 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/NOAA-image.gif\" alt=\"NOAA image\" width=\"800\" height=\"619\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Federal climate scientists \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/01/08/2014-californias-warmest-year-on-record/\">confirmed last week\u003c/a> that 2014 was California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/climatological-rankings/index.php?periods%5B%5D=ytd¶meter=tavg&state=4&div=0&month=12&year=2014#ranks-form\">warmest year on record\u003c/a>, clocking in at 4.1 degrees higher than the 20th century average. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among western states, Alaska, Arizona and Nevada also had their warmest year on record. Scientists say the warm weather made California’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">already withering drought even worse\u003c/a> through evaporation, transpiration (the water taken up by plants) and warm overnight lows that melted snow more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s warm temperatures made air pollution worse in the San Joaquin Valley, where doctors saw more people with asthma and respiratory infections. The record temperatures also \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/parched-california-wildlife-suffers-in-drought/\">shrank wetlands and warmed streams\u003c/a> where salmon spawn. Fishermen expect many salmon eggs will die, as they need cold water (ideally 56 degrees or less) to survive.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 323,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704932388,
"excerpt": "The annually-averaged temperature was 1.24 degrees Fahrenheit over the 20th century average, and easily broke the records set in 2005 and 2010.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The annually-averaged temperature was 1.24 degrees Fahrenheit over the 20th century average, and easily broke the records set in 2005 and 2010.",
"title": "It's Official: 2014 Was The Hottest Year on Record, NOAA Says | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "It's Official: 2014 Was The Hottest Year on Record, NOAA Says",
"datePublished": "2015-01-16T10:27:15-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:48-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "its-official-2014-was-the-hottest-year-on-record-noaa-says",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26347/its-official-2014-was-the-hottest-year-on-record-noaa-says",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtPkFBbJLMg\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/348764934/eyder-peralta\">Eyder Peralta\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong> NPR\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s official: 2014 was the hottest year on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Climatic Data Center crunched the numbers and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/13\">came to this conclusion\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The year 2014 was the warmest year across global land and ocean surfaces since records began in 1880. The annually-averaged temperature was 0.69°C (1.24°F) above the 20th century average of 13.9°C (57.0°F), easily breaking the previous records of 2005 and 2010 by 0.04°C (0.07°F). This also marks the 38th consecutive year (since 1977) that the yearly global temperature was above average. Including 2014, 9 of the 10 warmest years in the 135-year period of record have occurred in the 21st century. 1998 currently ranks as the fourth warmest year on record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/04/368533781/2014-to-be-warmest-year-on-record-u-n-weather-agency-says\">We’ve been expecting this news since December\u003c/a>, but NOAA has now made it official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a good graphic that tells you how temperatures fared globally in relation to a 1981-2010 average:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/NOAA-image.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-26350 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/NOAA-image.gif\" alt=\"NOAA image\" width=\"800\" height=\"619\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Federal climate scientists \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/01/08/2014-californias-warmest-year-on-record/\">confirmed last week\u003c/a> that 2014 was California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/climatological-rankings/index.php?periods%5B%5D=ytd¶meter=tavg&state=4&div=0&month=12&year=2014#ranks-form\">warmest year on record\u003c/a>, clocking in at 4.1 degrees higher than the 20th century average. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among western states, Alaska, Arizona and Nevada also had their warmest year on record. Scientists say the warm weather made California’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">already withering drought even worse\u003c/a> through evaporation, transpiration (the water taken up by plants) and warm overnight lows that melted snow more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s warm temperatures made air pollution worse in the San Joaquin Valley, where doctors saw more people with asthma and respiratory infections. The record temperatures also \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/parched-california-wildlife-suffers-in-drought/\">shrank wetlands and warmed streams\u003c/a> where salmon spawn. Fishermen expect many salmon eggs will die, as they need cold water (ideally 56 degrees or less) to survive.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26347/its-official-2014-was-the-hottest-year-on-record-noaa-says",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_64",
"science_556",
"science_5182"
],
"featImg": "science_26350",
"label": "science"
},
"science_26317": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26317",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26317",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1421355228000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1421355228,
"format": "aside",
"title": "New Climate Research Suggests Acceleration of Sea Level Rise",
"headTitle": "New Climate Research Suggests Acceleration of Sea Level Rise | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26318\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SF-tide-gauges.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SF-tide-gauges.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco tide gauges\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26318\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tide gauges at the Brannan Steet Wharf, San Francisco. Sea level is the result of a complex set of forces and influences on land, on the seafloor and in the water between them. Estimating sea level rise from imperfect data is a scientific challenge that may progress through more sophisticated statistics. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/daver6/\">Dave R\u003c/a>/\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/\">CC-BY-NC\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A reassessment of historical data suggests that compared to previous estimates, the world’s sea level rose more slowly during the 20th century—and is rising faster now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level is one of those things that grows more complex with closer scrunity. \u003ca href=\"http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k92805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerry Mitrovica\u003c/a>, a researcher at Harvard, tells his audiences to step way back and think of sea level only as the distance between the seafloor and the sea surface. Both of those end points are known to move up or down (relative to the Earth’s center) for reasons that have little to do with the actual amount of water between them. Sea level science is the task of untangling all of those reasons and measuring their precise effects on where the water sits against a particular piece of shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a partial list of the things known to affect sea level. The position of the seafloor may change, just like the land, because of erosion or deposition of sediment. The weight of ice caps pushes the Earth’s crust downward while the surrounding crust rises, like an air mattress in a swimming pool when a child climbs aboard it—and the reverse happens when the ice melts. The land near the sea may rise or fall with human-caused changes like groundwater pumping, or as sediments naturally compact. Finally, different parts of the Earth’s crust rise, fall and move sideways with the activities of plate tectonics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of water in the sea itself may increase or decrease as rivers (and reservoirs) rise and fall, and as ice caps grow and shrink. At the same time, the density of seawater changes with its temperature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surface of the sea itself is changeable. Persistent weather patterns and oceanic currents pile up water in some places and pull it down in others. The water surface is extremely sensitive to the gravity of everything around it—the moon and sun create its well-known tides, and the gravity of large ice caps adds a slight gathering force to the seas around them that disappears as the ice melts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In measuring all of this, we rely today on historical records from tide gauges in many coastal cities as well as contemporary, broad-scale data from satellites. The old tide records are a noisy, imperfect data set with limited coverage on the map and time gaps of missing measurements. Each point of data has various degrees of uncertainty, some of them poorly known. For instance, building a new harbor near an old tide gauge can change how the water acts around it. (Satellite orbits, and the system that tracks them, are prone to their own set of uncertainties.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/?embed=1\" height=\"359\" width=\"639\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Video: QUEST’s “\u003ca href=\"Watching%20the%20Tides\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watching the Tides\u003c/a>” from its Science on the SPOT series. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task of scientists is to zero in on these error sources and learn how to correct them, with a view toward approaching as closely as possible a clean clear truth. It’s a two-sided task. One side is getting better data, and the other side is making better mathematical models to fit against the data. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most widely accepted studies of tide-gauge records have said that 20th century sea levels rose, on average, between 1.6 and 1.9 millimeters per year. This is fine, except that it’s about one-third greater than the sum of its parts—the various factors I mentioned. The budget of causes and effects is not closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature14093.html\">In the latest issue of \u003ci>Nature\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, three climate researchers from Rutgers University and Mitrovica took a new statistical approach to the tide-gauge data from the last century. Called Kalman filtering, it handles a noisy data record by giving more weight to the most trustworthy evidence. (Kalman filtering is spreading across Earth science, offering a new look at many old problems.) It uses the mathematical sea level models to help correct the tide-gauge data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team’s results put 20th century sea level rise at about 1.2 mm/yr, right where the models say it should be. This may or may not be a comforting coincidence, and other researchers will want to check the results themselves in their own ways. It bolsters what the big climate reports from the IPCC have been saying about rising sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, the \u003ci>Nature\u003c/i> analysis confirms that more recent sea level rise, as estimated from satellite data, is also correct—and since 1990, the sea has been rising much faster than the 20th century average. That is, the sea level curve, graphed through time, looks more like the “hockey stick” of global air temperature. If the Kalman approach is repeated and more widely accepted, the truth looks more inconvenient than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PS:\u003c/strong> Sea level researchers extend their work into the geologic past, too. The Pliocene Epoch, 3 million years ago, is the last time in Earth history that atmospheric CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> was as high as today, and in the \u003ca href=\"http://sealevelstudy.org/sea-change-science/whats-sea-change-science/pliomax-sites/southeast-u.s\">Pliomax project\u003c/a> Mitrovica is gathering evidence from the eastern U.S. about that ancient time.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 917,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704932392,
"excerpt": "A reassessment of historical data suggests that compared to previous estimates, the world's sea level rose more slowly during the 20th century—and is rising faster now.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A reassessment of historical data suggests that compared to previous estimates, the world's sea level rose more slowly during the 20th century—and is rising faster now.",
"title": "New Climate Research Suggests Acceleration of Sea Level Rise | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "New Climate Research Suggests Acceleration of Sea Level Rise",
"datePublished": "2015-01-15T12:53:48-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:19:52-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "new-climate-research-suggests-acceleration-of-sea-level-rise",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/",
"sticky": false,
"source": "KQED Science",
"path": "/science/26317/new-climate-research-suggests-acceleration-of-sea-level-rise",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26318\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SF-tide-gauges.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/SF-tide-gauges.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco tide gauges\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26318\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tide gauges at the Brannan Steet Wharf, San Francisco. Sea level is the result of a complex set of forces and influences on land, on the seafloor and in the water between them. Estimating sea level rise from imperfect data is a scientific challenge that may progress through more sophisticated statistics. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/daver6/\">Dave R\u003c/a>/\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/\">CC-BY-NC\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A reassessment of historical data suggests that compared to previous estimates, the world’s sea level rose more slowly during the 20th century—and is rising faster now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level is one of those things that grows more complex with closer scrunity. \u003ca href=\"http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k92805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerry Mitrovica\u003c/a>, a researcher at Harvard, tells his audiences to step way back and think of sea level only as the distance between the seafloor and the sea surface. Both of those end points are known to move up or down (relative to the Earth’s center) for reasons that have little to do with the actual amount of water between them. Sea level science is the task of untangling all of those reasons and measuring their precise effects on where the water sits against a particular piece of shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a partial list of the things known to affect sea level. The position of the seafloor may change, just like the land, because of erosion or deposition of sediment. The weight of ice caps pushes the Earth’s crust downward while the surrounding crust rises, like an air mattress in a swimming pool when a child climbs aboard it—and the reverse happens when the ice melts. The land near the sea may rise or fall with human-caused changes like groundwater pumping, or as sediments naturally compact. Finally, different parts of the Earth’s crust rise, fall and move sideways with the activities of plate tectonics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of water in the sea itself may increase or decrease as rivers (and reservoirs) rise and fall, and as ice caps grow and shrink. At the same time, the density of seawater changes with its temperature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surface of the sea itself is changeable. Persistent weather patterns and oceanic currents pile up water in some places and pull it down in others. The water surface is extremely sensitive to the gravity of everything around it—the moon and sun create its well-known tides, and the gravity of large ice caps adds a slight gathering force to the seas around them that disappears as the ice melts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In measuring all of this, we rely today on historical records from tide gauges in many coastal cities as well as contemporary, broad-scale data from satellites. The old tide records are a noisy, imperfect data set with limited coverage on the map and time gaps of missing measurements. Each point of data has various degrees of uncertainty, some of them poorly known. For instance, building a new harbor near an old tide gauge can change how the water acts around it. (Satellite orbits, and the system that tracks them, are prone to their own set of uncertainties.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/?embed=1\" height=\"359\" width=\"639\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Video: QUEST’s “\u003ca href=\"Watching%20the%20Tides\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watching the Tides\u003c/a>” from its Science on the SPOT series. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task of scientists is to zero in on these error sources and learn how to correct them, with a view toward approaching as closely as possible a clean clear truth. It’s a two-sided task. One side is getting better data, and the other side is making better mathematical models to fit against the data. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most widely accepted studies of tide-gauge records have said that 20th century sea levels rose, on average, between 1.6 and 1.9 millimeters per year. This is fine, except that it’s about one-third greater than the sum of its parts—the various factors I mentioned. The budget of causes and effects is not closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature14093.html\">In the latest issue of \u003ci>Nature\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, three climate researchers from Rutgers University and Mitrovica took a new statistical approach to the tide-gauge data from the last century. Called Kalman filtering, it handles a noisy data record by giving more weight to the most trustworthy evidence. (Kalman filtering is spreading across Earth science, offering a new look at many old problems.) It uses the mathematical sea level models to help correct the tide-gauge data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team’s results put 20th century sea level rise at about 1.2 mm/yr, right where the models say it should be. This may or may not be a comforting coincidence, and other researchers will want to check the results themselves in their own ways. It bolsters what the big climate reports from the IPCC have been saying about rising sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, the \u003ci>Nature\u003c/i> analysis confirms that more recent sea level rise, as estimated from satellite data, is also correct—and since 1990, the sea has been rising much faster than the 20th century average. That is, the sea level curve, graphed through time, looks more like the “hockey stick” of global air temperature. If the Kalman approach is repeated and more widely accepted, the truth looks more inconvenient than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PS:\u003c/strong> Sea level researchers extend their work into the geologic past, too. The Pliocene Epoch, 3 million years ago, is the last time in Earth history that atmospheric CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> was as high as today, and in the \u003ca href=\"http://sealevelstudy.org/sea-change-science/whats-sea-change-science/pliomax-sites/southeast-u.s\">Pliomax project\u003c/a> Mitrovica is gathering evidence from the eastern U.S. about that ancient time.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26317/new-climate-research-suggests-acceleration-of-sea-level-rise",
"authors": [
"6228"
],
"series": [
"science_2625"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_38"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_206"
],
"featImg": "science_26318",
"label": "source_science_26317"
},
"science_26251": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_26251",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "26251",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1421254236000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1421254236,
"format": "aside",
"title": "EPA Plans Oil and Gas Methane Emission Cuts",
"headTitle": "EPA Plans Oil and Gas Methane Emission Cuts | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26256\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bobby_Magill_Methane.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26256 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bobby_Magill_Methane.jpg\" alt=\"Flaring at oil and gas well sites releases methane into the atmosphere. (Faces of Fracking/flickr)\" width=\"720\" height=\"481\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flaring at oil and gas well sites releases methane into the atmosphere. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/128012869@N08/15389783456/in/photolist-prWEs5-pyGcRM-ownkYj-oLQp19-7JxAwo-pQTwmP-oNS7dV-2AcN4t-oLQmgw-eLAmAc-pyJwvu-pR8Cte-pyD1MF-oUkc6V-8H7RPV-pF1Gu9-qmDJdT-pXm674-p1yC6o-e5tWge-pXtZs9-e5tWNH-e5tWzP-e5tWuR-e5zz7L-e5zzTd-e5tWka-q5h6jQ-t3i9a-qmDJaX-6Y7JxV-qnJNVB-q6c4hh-q6br55-e5tWSa-e5zzF3-e5tWnH-e5tWbn-e5tWE4-e5zyYQ-e5zyWN-e5zA31-e5tWHn-e5zz1L-e5zzJw-e5zziw-pRcPGL-oUh6tQ-eLAmqV-abvpUX\">Faces of Fracking\u003c/a>/flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Bobby Magill\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n \u003cbr>\nThe White House said Wednesday it wants to slash methane emissions from the crude oil and natural gas industry in the U.S. by up to 45 percent below 2012 levels as part of the Obama administration’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/obama-administration-plans-sweeping-climate-measures-16152\">Climate Action Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement follows \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/fracking-methane-emissions-catastrophe-17439\">years of scientific studies\u003c/a> showing that oil and gas operations in the U.S. are leaking a large \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/scientists-call-for-more-fracking-data-transparency-16816\">but unquantified\u003c/a> amount of methane, helping to fuel global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has enabled the U.S. to be the world’s leading crude oil and natural gas producer, and the EPA expects that methane emissions from the oil and gas industry could rise more than 25 percent by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prevent that from happening, the EPA will be proposing rules later this year that aim to slash oil and gas methane emissions 40 to 45 percent compared to 2012 emissions by 2025. The proposed rule, which is expected to be unveiled this summer and finalized in 2016, will regulate emissions exclusively from new crude oil and natural gas wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is up to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/huge-methane-leaks-add-doubt-on-natural-gas-as-a-bridge-fuel-17309\">35 times as potent\u003c/a> at trapping heat as carbon dioxide over a period of about a century, and the oil and gas sector is a major source of those emissions in the U.S. (Carbon dioxide is much more prevalent in the atmosphere and is still the major greenhouse gas.) About 10 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2012 was methane, about 30 percent of which came from the oil and gas industry, according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates. (Much of the rest comes from livestock, particularly cattle.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane rule comes after the EPA announced in December that it is planning to require energy companies to report more \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/epa-methane-emissions-fracking-18511\">greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a>, including methane, from fracking operations, natural gas compressor stations and pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA is also considering requiring the use of remote sensing technology to measure methane emissions from oil and gas operations as a way to get a better count of the methane leaking from fracking, pipelines and other oil and gas-related machinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are significant, highly cost-effective opportunities for reducing methane emissions from this sector,” Dan Utech, Obama’s climate and energy advisor, told the Associated Press. “We’re confident we can do this in a cost-effective way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 431,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704932402,
"excerpt": "To combat global warming, the EPA seeks to cut methane emissions from the oil and gas industry and will propose regulations later this year.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "To combat global warming, the EPA seeks to cut methane emissions from the oil and gas industry and will propose regulations later this year.",
"title": "EPA Plans Oil and Gas Methane Emission Cuts | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "EPA Plans Oil and Gas Methane Emission Cuts",
"datePublished": "2015-01-14T08:50:36-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:20:02-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "epa-plans-oil-and-gas-gas-methane-emission-cuts",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/26251/epa-plans-oil-and-gas-gas-methane-emission-cuts",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26256\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bobby_Magill_Methane.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26256 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Bobby_Magill_Methane.jpg\" alt=\"Flaring at oil and gas well sites releases methane into the atmosphere. (Faces of Fracking/flickr)\" width=\"720\" height=\"481\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flaring at oil and gas well sites releases methane into the atmosphere. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/128012869@N08/15389783456/in/photolist-prWEs5-pyGcRM-ownkYj-oLQp19-7JxAwo-pQTwmP-oNS7dV-2AcN4t-oLQmgw-eLAmAc-pyJwvu-pR8Cte-pyD1MF-oUkc6V-8H7RPV-pF1Gu9-qmDJdT-pXm674-p1yC6o-e5tWge-pXtZs9-e5tWNH-e5tWzP-e5tWuR-e5zz7L-e5zzTd-e5tWka-q5h6jQ-t3i9a-qmDJaX-6Y7JxV-qnJNVB-q6c4hh-q6br55-e5tWSa-e5zzF3-e5tWnH-e5tWbn-e5tWE4-e5zyYQ-e5zyWN-e5zA31-e5tWHn-e5zz1L-e5zzJw-e5zziw-pRcPGL-oUh6tQ-eLAmqV-abvpUX\">Faces of Fracking\u003c/a>/flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Bobby Magill\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n \u003cbr>\nThe White House said Wednesday it wants to slash methane emissions from the crude oil and natural gas industry in the U.S. by up to 45 percent below 2012 levels as part of the Obama administration’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/obama-administration-plans-sweeping-climate-measures-16152\">Climate Action Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement follows \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/fracking-methane-emissions-catastrophe-17439\">years of scientific studies\u003c/a> showing that oil and gas operations in the U.S. are leaking a large \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/scientists-call-for-more-fracking-data-transparency-16816\">but unquantified\u003c/a> amount of methane, helping to fuel global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has enabled the U.S. to be the world’s leading crude oil and natural gas producer, and the EPA expects that methane emissions from the oil and gas industry could rise more than 25 percent by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prevent that from happening, the EPA will be proposing rules later this year that aim to slash oil and gas methane emissions 40 to 45 percent compared to 2012 emissions by 2025. The proposed rule, which is expected to be unveiled this summer and finalized in 2016, will regulate emissions exclusively from new crude oil and natural gas wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is up to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/huge-methane-leaks-add-doubt-on-natural-gas-as-a-bridge-fuel-17309\">35 times as potent\u003c/a> at trapping heat as carbon dioxide over a period of about a century, and the oil and gas sector is a major source of those emissions in the U.S. (Carbon dioxide is much more prevalent in the atmosphere and is still the major greenhouse gas.) About 10 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2012 was methane, about 30 percent of which came from the oil and gas industry, according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates. (Much of the rest comes from livestock, particularly cattle.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane rule comes after the EPA announced in December that it is planning to require energy companies to report more \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/epa-methane-emissions-fracking-18511\">greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a>, including methane, from fracking operations, natural gas compressor stations and pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA is also considering requiring the use of remote sensing technology to measure methane emissions from oil and gas operations as a way to get a better count of the methane leaking from fracking, pipelines and other oil and gas-related machinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are significant, highly cost-effective opportunities for reducing methane emissions from this sector,” Dan Utech, Obama’s climate and energy advisor, told the Associated Press. “We’re confident we can do this in a cost-effective way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/26251/epa-plans-oil-and-gas-gas-methane-emission-cuts",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35"
],
"tags": [
"science_1678",
"science_552",
"science_2080",
"science_429",
"science_64",
"science_556",
"science_1041"
],
"featImg": "science_26256",
"label": "science"
},
"science_25859": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25859",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25859",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1420735018000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1420735018,
"format": "aside",
"title": "2014: California's Warmest Year on Record",
"headTitle": "2014: California’s Warmest Year on Record | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS1213_P1000565-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS1213_P1000565-lpr.jpg\" alt=\"2014 set temperature records throughout much of the West. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">2014 set temperature records throughout much of the West. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Federal climate scientists confirmed today that 2014 stands as \u003ca title=\"NOAA - summary - CA\" href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/climatological-rankings/index.php?periods%5B%5D=ytd¶meter=tavg&state=4&div=0&month=12&year=2014#ranks-form\">California’s warmest year\u003c/a> on record. The state’s average temperature for the year clocked in at 61.5 degrees Fahrenheit, 4.1 degrees higher than the 20th century average. Last year’s average bested the previous record, set in 1934, by nearly two degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"NOAA - 2014 summary\" href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/summary-info/national/2014/12\">annual review\u003c/a> from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says last year was warm throughout much of the West:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The West was warmer than average for much of 2014. Nine states had a top 10 warm year. Alaska, Arizona, California, and Nevada each had their warmest year on record. Most locations from the Rockies to the East Coast were cooler than average, with the exception of New England and Florida.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Consistent temperature records date back to 1894.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmer-than-usual weather had a wide array of effects on California. First and foremost, it \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">made an already withering drought even worse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Indeed, temperature is one of the driving factors of drought,” says Jeff Mount, co-founder of the Center for Watershed Sciences at U.C. Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount says two-thirds of California’s precipitation is routinely lost to evaporation or transpiration, the water taken up by plants. When temperatures rise, evapo-transpiration rates rise, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just the process of evaporation alone out of the soils and then the associated transpiration that comes out of plants with the warmer temperatures, the increased length of the growing season — all of these are producing moisture deficits in the soil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how much worse the drought was made by record warmth is harder to pin down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, a study by scientists at NOAA and Columbia University concluded that climate change was not a major cause of California’s current drought. It \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/08/californias-drought-is-it-global-warming/\">drew immediate fire\u003c/a> from other scientists for not taking record-high temperatures into account. The authors said they were looking at causal factors, not intensifying forces, but would be interested in doing additional analysis on the influence of temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/185091766″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount says most striking have been the warm overnight lows, which stretched out the growing season and shriveled the Sierra snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you get those warm temps at night, where its not freezing at night anymore, you start melting your snow very, very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, warm weather can keep the snowpack from building up in the first place. December’s persistent storms brought water content of Sierra snows to \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/30/warm-temps-mean-less-snow-for-the-sierra/\">just about half\u003c/a> of the average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down below, last year’s persistently high temperatures made the notoriously bad air quality even worse in places like the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2014 was one of our busiest years,” says A.M. Aminian, an allergist and respiratory specialist in Fresno, and chair of the Fresno-Madera Medical Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we saw more people with asthma, respiratory problems, stuffy nose, and itching eyes, and also respiratory infections,” Aminian recalled. “We have been seeing more air pollution, the air was warmer, and it was very dry. That caused more particulate matter, dust in the air. Whenever there is heat and a lot of sunshine, the smog levels go up. This was one of the years we had more air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher temperatures also \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/parched-california-wildlife-suffers-in-drought/\">exacerbated conditions for wildlife\u003c/a> already suffering from the drought. Low flows in rivers and streams heated up that much more, presenting a challenge especially to anadromous fish, like salmon and steelhead, for which water temperatures much above 60 can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this compounding of drought conditions might seem hard to square with another statistic in NOAA’s review: that California had a near-average precipitation year in 2014, coming in just slightly drier than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the nearly non-stop rain throughout December, the NOAA report concluded that “drought conditions improved across parts of Northern California” but, “Despite above-average precipitation in California, only modest drought improvements occurred due to long-term precipitation deficits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Central Valley Bureau Chief, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/radio/about/staff/sasha-khokha.jsp\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a>, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 748,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1704932430,
"excerpt": "Drought conditions were compounded by high temps despite a \"near-average\" precipitation year.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Drought conditions were compounded by high temps despite a "near-average" precipitation year.",
"title": "2014: California's Warmest Year on Record | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "2014: California's Warmest Year on Record",
"datePublished": "2015-01-08T08:36:58-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:20:30-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "2014-californias-warmest-year-on-record",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25859/2014-californias-warmest-year-on-record",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS1213_P1000565-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/RS1213_P1000565-lpr.jpg\" alt=\"2014 set temperature records throughout much of the West. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">2014 set temperature records throughout much of the West. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Federal climate scientists confirmed today that 2014 stands as \u003ca title=\"NOAA - summary - CA\" href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/climatological-rankings/index.php?periods%5B%5D=ytd¶meter=tavg&state=4&div=0&month=12&year=2014#ranks-form\">California’s warmest year\u003c/a> on record. The state’s average temperature for the year clocked in at 61.5 degrees Fahrenheit, 4.1 degrees higher than the 20th century average. Last year’s average bested the previous record, set in 1934, by nearly two degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"NOAA - 2014 summary\" href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/summary-info/national/2014/12\">annual review\u003c/a> from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says last year was warm throughout much of the West:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The West was warmer than average for much of 2014. Nine states had a top 10 warm year. Alaska, Arizona, California, and Nevada each had their warmest year on record. Most locations from the Rockies to the East Coast were cooler than average, with the exception of New England and Florida.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Consistent temperature records date back to 1894.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmer-than-usual weather had a wide array of effects on California. First and foremost, it \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">made an already withering drought even worse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Indeed, temperature is one of the driving factors of drought,” says Jeff Mount, co-founder of the Center for Watershed Sciences at U.C. Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount says two-thirds of California’s precipitation is routinely lost to evaporation or transpiration, the water taken up by plants. When temperatures rise, evapo-transpiration rates rise, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just the process of evaporation alone out of the soils and then the associated transpiration that comes out of plants with the warmer temperatures, the increased length of the growing season — all of these are producing moisture deficits in the soil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how much worse the drought was made by record warmth is harder to pin down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, a study by scientists at NOAA and Columbia University concluded that climate change was not a major cause of California’s current drought. It \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/08/californias-drought-is-it-global-warming/\">drew immediate fire\u003c/a> from other scientists for not taking record-high temperatures into account. The authors said they were looking at causal factors, not intensifying forces, but would be interested in doing additional analysis on the influence of temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/185091766″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/185091766″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount says most striking have been the warm overnight lows, which stretched out the growing season and shriveled the Sierra snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you get those warm temps at night, where its not freezing at night anymore, you start melting your snow very, very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, warm weather can keep the snowpack from building up in the first place. December’s persistent storms brought water content of Sierra snows to \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/30/warm-temps-mean-less-snow-for-the-sierra/\">just about half\u003c/a> of the average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down below, last year’s persistently high temperatures made the notoriously bad air quality even worse in places like the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2014 was one of our busiest years,” says A.M. Aminian, an allergist and respiratory specialist in Fresno, and chair of the Fresno-Madera Medical Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we saw more people with asthma, respiratory problems, stuffy nose, and itching eyes, and also respiratory infections,” Aminian recalled. “We have been seeing more air pollution, the air was warmer, and it was very dry. That caused more particulate matter, dust in the air. Whenever there is heat and a lot of sunshine, the smog levels go up. This was one of the years we had more air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher temperatures also \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/parched-california-wildlife-suffers-in-drought/\">exacerbated conditions for wildlife\u003c/a> already suffering from the drought. Low flows in rivers and streams heated up that much more, presenting a challenge especially to anadromous fish, like salmon and steelhead, for which water temperatures much above 60 can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this compounding of drought conditions might seem hard to square with another statistic in NOAA’s review: that California had a near-average precipitation year in 2014, coming in just slightly drier than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the nearly non-stop rain throughout December, the NOAA report concluded that “drought conditions improved across parts of Northern California” but, “Despite above-average precipitation in California, only modest drought improvements occurred due to long-term precipitation deficits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Central Valley Bureau Chief, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/radio/about/staff/sasha-khokha.jsp\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a>, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25859/2014-californias-warmest-year-on-record",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_64",
"science_3811",
"science_365"
],
"featImg": "science_26019",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_25970": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_25970",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "25970",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1420659036000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1420659036,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Hot, Unfriendly Skies Could Alter Flights",
"headTitle": "Hot, Unfriendly Skies Could Alter Flights | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25978\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/plane-e1420656752266.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25978\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/plane-e1420656752266.jpg\" alt=\"(wingsnstuff/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(wingsnstuff/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Kahn\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know those tube socks your grandmother air mails you on your birthday every year? Well, they could become another casualty of global warming. Or at least arrive a few days late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hot weather is likely to increase the number of days with weight restrictions on cargo planes and even airliners, delaying gifts, air travel and slicing into airlines’ bottom lines according to research presented at the American Geophysical Union’s annual meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Temperature is a big factor in airplane performance and also one of our most confident (future) climate projections,” \u003ca href=\"http://ethancoffel.com/\">Ethan Coffel\u003c/a>, a Ph.D. candidate at \u003ca href=\"http://www.columbia.edu/\">Columbia University\u003c/a> and lead author of \u003ca href=\"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/WCAS-D-14-00026.1?af=R&\">the new findings\u003c/a>, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffel took a flyer on the research because of his aviation hobby and an interest in unearthing what he called the “hidden cost of climate change” found in the everyday things we take for granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research has looked at how transatlantic flights could encounter more turbulence in a warming world. Outside of that study, the impacts of climate change on air travel have been left largely unexplored. But it’s a topic ripe for exploration, in part because it could affect so many people.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Temperature is a big factor in airplane performance and also one of our most confident (future) climate projections.’\u003ccite>— Ethan Coffel,Columbia University Scientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iata.org/Pages/default.aspx\">International Air Transport Association\u003c/a>, 3.1 billion people took to the skies in 2013. And that doesn’t even count the business side of things. UPS, for example, ships an average of 2.3 million packages a day by air in the U.S. alone (turns out you aren’t the only one getting tube socks from granny).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hot weather generally means the air is thinner, giving wings less of a lift. The easiest and safest way to work around that on a given day is taking a load off the plane; namely packages or people. Coffel said there’s already a noticeable trend in the number of weight-restricted days at airports in Denver, New York’s LaGuardia, Washington, D.C.’s Reagan, and to a lesser degree, Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those four airports form the core of Coffel’s study, which projected daytime highs from May-September — the time of year when the effects of warmer weather on air travel could be most pronounced — through 2070. Coffel also looked at takeoff restrictions for the the Boeing 737-800, one of the most common aircraft used in medium-range flights. According to the latest climate models, daytime highs could be up to 6°F higher at the four airports by 2070 if carbon emissions continue to rise at high levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising temperatures translate to a large increase in the number of days when airplanes would have to reduce their weight by 15,000 lbs. — generally about 30 percent of their payload or 79 passengers — in order to take off at each of the airports, save for Phoenix. The percentage of weight-restricted days could rise by as much as 200 percent compared to today. Reagan could see nearly 80 days with major weight restrictions, the most of the four airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffel said those airports have already seen an increase in weight restrictions since 1980, the year data goes back to, lending further credibility to future increases as temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are ways around this mile-high conundrum but none are ideal. Airports could extend runways, giving planes more room to get up to higher speeds and successful liftoffs. That would be a challenge in urban locations with limited room like LaGuardia and Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option would be to push flight schedules around so that more leave in the evening or early morning when temperatures are generally cooler. Planes could also be designed to accelerate faster on current runways or be built with larger wings to create more lift, though that might reduce fuel efficiency when flying at high altitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of their efficacy, all these solutions come with costs and would take many years to implement. Coffel said that although his study only looks at four airports, the findings apply to airports around the world and could have major implications for airlines and and tube sock senders alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 739,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704932433,
"excerpt": "Transatlantic flights could encounter more turbulence in a warming world, which would affect millions of people.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Transatlantic flights could encounter more turbulence in a warming world, which would affect millions of people.",
"title": "Hot, Unfriendly Skies Could Alter Flights | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Hot, Unfriendly Skies Could Alter Flights",
"datePublished": "2015-01-07T11:30:36-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:20:33-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "hot-unfriendly-skies-could-alter-flights",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/25970/hot-unfriendly-skies-could-alter-flights",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25978\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/plane-e1420656752266.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25978\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/plane-e1420656752266.jpg\" alt=\"(wingsnstuff/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(wingsnstuff/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Kahn\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know those tube socks your grandmother air mails you on your birthday every year? Well, they could become another casualty of global warming. Or at least arrive a few days late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hot weather is likely to increase the number of days with weight restrictions on cargo planes and even airliners, delaying gifts, air travel and slicing into airlines’ bottom lines according to research presented at the American Geophysical Union’s annual meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Temperature is a big factor in airplane performance and also one of our most confident (future) climate projections,” \u003ca href=\"http://ethancoffel.com/\">Ethan Coffel\u003c/a>, a Ph.D. candidate at \u003ca href=\"http://www.columbia.edu/\">Columbia University\u003c/a> and lead author of \u003ca href=\"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/WCAS-D-14-00026.1?af=R&\">the new findings\u003c/a>, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffel took a flyer on the research because of his aviation hobby and an interest in unearthing what he called the “hidden cost of climate change” found in the everyday things we take for granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research has looked at how transatlantic flights could encounter more turbulence in a warming world. Outside of that study, the impacts of climate change on air travel have been left largely unexplored. But it’s a topic ripe for exploration, in part because it could affect so many people.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Temperature is a big factor in airplane performance and also one of our most confident (future) climate projections.’\u003ccite>— Ethan Coffel,Columbia University Scientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iata.org/Pages/default.aspx\">International Air Transport Association\u003c/a>, 3.1 billion people took to the skies in 2013. And that doesn’t even count the business side of things. UPS, for example, ships an average of 2.3 million packages a day by air in the U.S. alone (turns out you aren’t the only one getting tube socks from granny).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hot weather generally means the air is thinner, giving wings less of a lift. The easiest and safest way to work around that on a given day is taking a load off the plane; namely packages or people. Coffel said there’s already a noticeable trend in the number of weight-restricted days at airports in Denver, New York’s LaGuardia, Washington, D.C.’s Reagan, and to a lesser degree, Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those four airports form the core of Coffel’s study, which projected daytime highs from May-September — the time of year when the effects of warmer weather on air travel could be most pronounced — through 2070. Coffel also looked at takeoff restrictions for the the Boeing 737-800, one of the most common aircraft used in medium-range flights. According to the latest climate models, daytime highs could be up to 6°F higher at the four airports by 2070 if carbon emissions continue to rise at high levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising temperatures translate to a large increase in the number of days when airplanes would have to reduce their weight by 15,000 lbs. — generally about 30 percent of their payload or 79 passengers — in order to take off at each of the airports, save for Phoenix. The percentage of weight-restricted days could rise by as much as 200 percent compared to today. Reagan could see nearly 80 days with major weight restrictions, the most of the four airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffel said those airports have already seen an increase in weight restrictions since 1980, the year data goes back to, lending further credibility to future increases as temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are ways around this mile-high conundrum but none are ideal. Airports could extend runways, giving planes more room to get up to higher speeds and successful liftoffs. That would be a challenge in urban locations with limited room like LaGuardia and Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option would be to push flight schedules around so that more leave in the evening or early morning when temperatures are generally cooler. Planes could also be designed to accelerate faster on current runways or be built with larger wings to create more lift, though that might reduce fuel efficiency when flying at high altitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of their efficacy, all these solutions come with costs and would take many years to implement. Coffel said that although his study only looks at four airports, the findings apply to airports around the world and could have major implications for airlines and and tube sock senders alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/25970/hot-unfriendly-skies-could-alter-flights",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35"
],
"tags": [
"science_194"
],
"featImg": "science_25978",
"label": "science"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=climate": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 1332,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 1586,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_27409",
"science_27188",
"science_26776",
"science_26655",
"science_26629",
"science_26293",
"science_26371",
"science_26347",
"science_26317",
"science_26251",
"science_25859",
"science_25970"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_climate": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"source_science_26317": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_26317",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_64": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_64",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "64",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "full-image",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "full-image Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 67,
"slug": "full-image",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/full-image"
},
"science_5175": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5175",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5175",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NASA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NASA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5175,
"slug": "nasa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/nasa"
},
"science_3811": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3811",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3811",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "notheat",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "notheat Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3811,
"slug": "notheat",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/notheat"
},
"science_1151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Drought Watch",
"description": "\u003cem>What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n[iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"]\r\n\r\n\u003cem>We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the \u003ca href=\"#background\">background\u003c/a> and rounding up \u003ca href=\"#river\">all the stories\u003c/a> we’ve produced.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Relief at Last\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. [http_redir]",
"title": "Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1160,
"slug": "california-drought-watch",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/california-drought-watch"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_556": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_556",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "556",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global warming",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global warming Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 562,
"slug": "global-warming",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-warming"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_686": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_686",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "686",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "central valley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "central valley Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 693,
"slug": "central-valley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/central-valley"
},
"science_2080": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2080",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2080",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "EPA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "EPA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2091,
"slug": "epa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/epa"
},
"science_554": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_554",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "554",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pollution Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 560,
"slug": "pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pollution"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_1004": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1004",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1004",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "precipitation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "precipitation Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1012,
"slug": "precipitation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/precipitation"
},
"science_1462": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1462",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1462",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Sierra snowpack",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Sierra snowpack Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1471,
"slug": "sierra-snowpack",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sierra-snowpack"
},
"science_365": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_365",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "365",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "weather",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "weather Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 371,
"slug": "weather",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/weather"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Geology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Geology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 40,
"slug": "geology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/geology"
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_2227": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2227",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2227",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "atmospheric river",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "atmospheric river Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2239,
"slug": "atmospheric-river",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/atmospheric-river"
},
"science_1879": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1879",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1879",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought watch",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought watch Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1890,
"slug": "drought-watch",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought-watch"
},
"science_5182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NOAA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NOAA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5182,
"slug": "noaa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/noaa"
},
"science_2625": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2625",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2625",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "PBS and the BBC present 'Big Blue Live'",
"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_149123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"] (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption]\r\n\r\nFrom breaching humpback whales to fuzzy sea otters, great white sharks, kelp forests and an underwater canyon deeper than the Grand Canyon, Monterey Bay is one of the world's most amazing ocean destinations. In an unprecedented collaboration, PBS and the BBC presented \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/big-blue-live/home/\">Big Blue Live\u003c/a>,\" a three-night live broadcast that aired on KQED 9 at 8 pm Aug. 31 to Sept. 2, 2015 and featured the majestic marine life of Monterey Bay. \r\n\r\nAnchored from open-air studios at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and aboard research ships on the bay, scientists, filmmakers and other experts came together to document the extraordinary rejuvenation of the once-endangered and now thriving ecosystem of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary for viewers in the United States and Europe. Over the past decade, KQED has told many of the stories of this remarkable area on television, radio and the web.\r\n\r\nAlthough the Big Blue Live event is now over, you can \u003ca href=\"http://video.kqed.org/program/big-blue-live/\">watch all 3 episodes online through the entire month of September\u003c/a>:\r\n\r\nFeatured Stories",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_149123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"] (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] From breaching humpback whales to fuzzy sea otters, great white sharks, kelp forests and an underwater canyon deeper than the Grand Canyon, Monterey Bay is one of the world's most amazing ocean destinations. In an unprecedented collaboration, PBS and the BBC presented \"Big Blue Live,\" a three-night live broadcast that aired on KQED 9 at 8 pm Aug. 31 to Sept. 2, 2015 and featured the majestic marine life of Monterey Bay. Anchored from open-air studios at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and aboard research ships on the bay, scientists, filmmakers and other experts came together to document the extraordinary rejuvenation of the once-endangered and now thriving ecosystem of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary for viewers in the United States and Europe. Over the past decade, KQED has told many of the stories of this remarkable area on television, radio and the web. Although the Big Blue Live event is now over, you can watch all 3 episodes online through the entire month of September: Featured Stories",
"title": "PBS and the BBC present 'Big Blue Live' Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2637,
"slug": "big-blue-live",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/big-blue-live"
},
"science_206": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_206",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "206",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sea level rise",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sea level rise Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 210,
"slug": "sea-level-rise",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sea-level-rise"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_1678": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1678",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1678",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate central",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate central Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1687,
"slug": "climate-central",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-central"
},
"science_552": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_552",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "552",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "crude oil",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "crude oil Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 558,
"slug": "crude-oil",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/crude-oil"
},
"science_429": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_429",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "429",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fracking",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fracking Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 435,
"slug": "fracking",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fracking"
},
"science_1041": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1041",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1041",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "natural gas",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "natural gas Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1049,
"slug": "natural-gas",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/natural-gas"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
