window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_206196": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_206196",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "206196",
"found": true
},
"parent": 206191,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c-400x300.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 300
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c.jpg",
"width": 720,
"height": 540
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1440179244,
"modified": 1440179263,
"caption": "The South Complex Fire near Hyampom, Calif., which has consumed an estimated 21,629 acres since starting on July 30.\n",
"description": null,
"title": "CAWildfire2015_720_540_s_c1_c_c",
"credit": "U.S. Department of Agriculture/flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_186894": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_186894",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "186894",
"found": true
},
"parent": 186893,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-1024x576.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-400x300.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 300
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-960x719.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 719
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"height": 767
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-800x599.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 599
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Flock_of_mixed_shorebirds_at_Arrowhead_Marsh_2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1439444057,
"modified": 1439840710,
"caption": "The drought could herald more crowded conditions for birds migrating along the Pacific Flyway.",
"description": null,
"title": "drought - bird migration",
"credit": "Ingrid Taylar/Wikimedia",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_190907": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_190907",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "190907",
"found": true
},
"parent": 0,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-400x300.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 300
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-960x719.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 719
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria.jpg",
"width": 1832,
"height": 1372
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-1440x1078.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1078
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-800x599.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 599
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-1180x884.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 884
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/bacteria-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1439582324,
"modified": 1439592606,
"caption": "Cells of the microalgae that make the neurotoxin domoic acid. ",
"description": null,
"title": "toxic algae",
"credit": "Anthony Odell/University of Washington",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_186675": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_186675",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "186675",
"found": true
},
"parent": 185601,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA.jpg",
"width": 1404,
"height": 790
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/sunspots-NASA-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1439436702,
"modified": 1439583418,
"caption": "This groups of sunspots was photographed on July 10, 2012. The largest spot is 11 times the size of Earth.",
"description": null,
"title": "sunspots-NASA",
"credit": "Alan Friedman/NASA",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_197227": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_197227",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "197227",
"found": true
},
"parent": 188276,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1-400x178.gif",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 178
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1-672x356.gif",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 356
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1.gif",
"width": 800,
"height": 356
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1-96x96.gif",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1-800x356.gif",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 356
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1-64x64.gif",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1-75x75.gif",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1-32x32.gif",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASA_gif_El-Nino1-128x128.gif",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1439826130,
"modified": 1439826139,
"caption": "This NASA animation compares sea surface height anomalies in 2015 with the famous 1997 El Niño.",
"description": null,
"title": "NASA_gif_El-Nino",
"credit": "NASA",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_183776": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_183776",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "183776",
"found": true
},
"parent": 183555,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-400x234.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 234
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-960x561.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 561
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1122
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-1440x842.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 842
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-800x468.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 468
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-1920x1122.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1122
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-1180x690.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 690
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1439339934,
"modified": 1439340126,
"caption": "The Rocky Fire has burned nearly 70,000 acres. Veteran firefighters say they've never seen fire spread as rapidly as the Rocky and Jerusalem Fires, north of the Bay Area.",
"description": "The Rocky Fire has burned nearly 70,000 acres. Veteran firefighters say they've never seen fire spread as rapidly as the Rocky and Jerusalem Fires, north of the Bay Area.",
"title": "RS16225_GettyImages-482742956-qut",
"credit": "Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_171416": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_171416",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "171416",
"found": true
},
"parent": 171201,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-960x539.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 539
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA.jpg",
"width": 1050,
"height": 590
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ElNinocomparison_1050_590_NOAA-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1438911529,
"modified": 1438971467,
"caption": "Side-by-side image shows unusually warm waters much more widespread in the Pacific Ocean than in 1997, the last really big El Niño. year.",
"description": "Side-by-side image shows unusually warm waters much more widespread in the Pacific Ocean than in 1997, the last really big El Niño year.",
"title": "El Nino",
"credit": "NOAA",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_163669": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_163669",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "163669",
"found": true
},
"parent": 163665,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-400x266.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 266
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1278
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-1440x959.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 959
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-1920x1278.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1278
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-1180x785.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 785
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Coal-fired-power-plant-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1438628785,
"modified": 1438628838,
"caption": "A plume of exhaust extends from the Mitchell Power Station, a coal-fired power plant built along the Monongahela River, 20 miles southwest of Pittsburgh, on September 24, 2013.",
"description": null,
"title": "Coal fired power plant",
"credit": "Jeff Swensen/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_153508": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_153508",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "153508",
"found": true
},
"parent": 152652,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat.jpg",
"width": 1280,
"height": 854
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Monarch_on_california_buckwheat-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1438265409,
"modified": 1608248266,
"caption": "Despite dwindling numbers, monarch butterflies still don't have endangered species status.",
"description": null,
"title": "Monarch_on_california_buckwheat",
"credit": "Tristan Loper/Wikimedia Commons",
"status": "inherit",
"altTag": null,
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_152115": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_152115",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "152115",
"found": true
},
"parent": 151663,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-400x276.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 276
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-960x663.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1325
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-1440x994.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 994
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-800x552.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 552
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-1920x1325.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1325
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-1180x814.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 814
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1438216943,
"modified": 1438217083,
"caption": "Houseboats are moored on a shrinking arm of the Lake Oroville reservoir as it dropped below 25 percent capacity in May.",
"description": "Houseboats are moored on a shrinking arm of the Lake Oroville reservoir as it dropped below 25 percent capacity in May.",
"title": "RS15374_GettyImages-475039512-qut",
"credit": "Mark Ralston/AFP/Getty Images)",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_139914": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_139914",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "139914",
"found": true
},
"parent": 139910,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-1440x810.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 810
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-1400x788.jpg",
"width": 1400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/leaf1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1437766908,
"modified": 1437767102,
"caption": "Scientists are trying to create renewable fuels by copying what plants do.",
"description": null,
"title": "leaf1",
"credit": "Lauren Sommer/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_30065": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_30065",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30065",
"found": true
},
"parent": 30055,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/IMG_2956-e1437601885625.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"height": 1080
}
},
"publishDate": 1430960382,
"modified": 1437597038,
"caption": "\"Brown is the new green\" is the rallying cry for fighting the current drought. But does it have to mean letting your trees go, too? ",
"description": "\"Brown is the new green\" is the rallying cry for fighting the current drought. But will Californians take up the cause? (Craig Miller/KQED)",
"title": "IMG_2956",
"credit": "Craig Miller/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_206191": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_206191",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_206191",
"name": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/brian-kahn\">Brian Kahn\u003c/a>\u003cbr />Climate Central\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_190905": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_190905",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_190905",
"name": "Christina Aanestad",
"isLoading": false
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"andrew-alden": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6228",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6228",
"found": true
},
"name": "Andrew Alden",
"firstName": "Andrew",
"lastName": "Alden",
"slug": "andrew-alden",
"email": "alden@andrew-alden.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. He has \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/\">written on geology for About.com\u003c/a> since its founding in 1997. In 2007, he started the Oakland Geology blog, which won recognition as \"Best of the East Bay\" from the \u003ci>East Bay Express\u003c/i> in 2010. In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Andrew Alden | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/andrew-alden"
},
"sharolembry": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6328",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6328",
"found": true
},
"name": "Sharol Nelson-Embry",
"firstName": "Sharol",
"lastName": "Nelson-Embry",
"slug": "sharolembry",
"email": "bobsharol@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Sharol Nelson-Embry is the Supervising Naturalist at the Crab Cove Visitor Center & Aquarium on San Francisco Bay in Alameda. Crab Cove is part of the East Bay Regional Park District, one of the largest and oldest regional park agencies in the nation. She graduated from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo with a degree in Natural Resources Management and an epiphany that connecting kids with nature was her destiny. She's been rooted in the Bay Area since 1991 after working at nature centers and outdoor science schools around our fair state. She loves the great variety of habitats stretching from the Bay shoreline to the redwoods, lakes, and hills. Sharol enjoys connecting people to nature with articles in local newspapers and online forums.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/sharolembry/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d0ffaf107f228c8293464f98d8aeecdc95cf55410e3481c2f4e9f5d0e415cec?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Sharol Nelson-Embry | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d0ffaf107f228c8293464f98d8aeecdc95cf55410e3481c2f4e9f5d0e415cec?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d0ffaf107f228c8293464f98d8aeecdc95cf55410e3481c2f4e9f5d0e415cec?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/sharolembry"
},
"kqedscience": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6387",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6387",
"found": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"firstName": "KQED",
"lastName": "Science",
"slug": "kqedscience",
"email": "kqedscience@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond by the flagship Northern California PBS and NPR affiliate.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "KQED Science | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kqedscience"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_climate": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"score": 11.06203
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Climate",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 108
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=climate",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 108
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_206191": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_206191",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "206191",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1440180689000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1440180689,
"format": "standard",
"title": "The Climate Change ‘Bully’ in California’s Drought",
"headTitle": "The Climate Change ‘Bully’ in California’s Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>There’s a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-onslaught-of-californias-drought-in-1-chart-17355\">drought in California\u003c/a>. Perhaps you’ve heard a few things about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the fact that it’s cost the state \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/Final_Drought%20Report_08182015_Full_Report_WithAppendices.pdf\">$2.7 billion in agricultural losses\u003c/a>, helped \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/california-forests-climate-polluters-18941\">burn up\u003c/a> hundreds of thousands of acres so far this year and inspired Los Angeles to release a 96 million-strong armada of shade balls into reservoirs (though it was\u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/article/why-shade-balls-arent-such-a-great-idea-after-all/\"> apparently a PR stunt\u003c/a>). Oh, and the state is also short on rainfall by \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/missing-california-rain-19299\">20 inches–a full year’s worth\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One question that’s lingered as long as the drought itself is just how much, if any, of the drought is due to human-caused global warming. New research has an answer: from 8 to 27 percent. It also has another important number: climate change has made the odds of severe droughts like this one twice as likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sobering numbers come from researchers at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, NASA and University of Idaho who analyzed temperature, precipitation, wind speed and other data to tease out the role climate change has played in the drought in a new study published on Thursday in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL064924/full\">Geophysical Research Letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the latest in a string of studies that have examined this big question. The general consensus is that heat has \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/heat-turbocharged-californias-epic-drought-18404\">played a role\u003c/a> in exacerbating the drought and that at least some of that heat is part of the larger pattern of global warming. Last year was a punctuation mark with \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2014-will-be-hottest-in-california-history-18279\">record-setting heat baking\u003c/a> the Golden State to crispy golden brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”a9ydWQMpnGmi6zuuOJgSgvGZ2SGg0G5P”]The “\u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2947\">ridiculously resilient ridge\u003c/a>” — an atmospheric feature that’s deflected storms every which way but over California since 2012 — also might have \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/hints-of-climate-change-in-californias-drought-18109\">some climate change ties\u003c/a>, though those are still somewhat murky. But the specific role climate change has played in the drought hasn’t been truly teased out until this new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study is the first to parse out the relative contribution of anthropogenic warming versus natural climate variability,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/williams\">Park Williams\u003c/a>, a tree ring researcher at Lamont, said. “From a method standpoint, it’s a big advancement. It’s the first time I know of that data has been parsed apart this way for any drought on the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams led the latest round of research that uses temperature, precipitation, wind and other drought data to break the state up into grid of 23,955 boxes. The data paint the sharpest picture yet of a state in severe drought. Averaged across the state, the findings show that this hasn’t been California’s worst drought on record, but it is the worst drought on record in the places that matter the most to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_206222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CADroughtWilliams.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-206222 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CADroughtWilliams.jpg\" alt=\"Maps of June-August Palmer Drought Severity Index and ranking for 2014 and 2012–14. Rankings are based on all years between 1901 and 2014. \" width=\"720\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CADroughtWilliams.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CADroughtWilliams-400x132.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maps of June-August Palmer Drought Severity Index and ranking for 2014 and 2012–14. Rankings are based on all years between 1901 and 2014. \u003ccite>(Williams, et al., 2015)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The epicenter of the drought is the Central Valley, the heart of California’s $46.4 billion agricultural industry. The Sierra Nevada mountains, where most of the state’s water comes from, and a large swath of the coast from \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-cities-hottest-year-18496\">San Diego to San Francisco\u003c/a>, where more than half the state’s population lives, have also experienced record-setting drought conditions since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of rain is what obviously started the drought but heat has ensured its lasting impacts. By comparing different datasets and historical temperature trends, Williams and his colleagues were able to show that up to 27 percent of this drought can be ascribed to climate change-driven warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We needed to answer this question. Just knowing how much climate change has affected this drought is really important as a tool to help Californians understand that while natural climate variability is still important, but over the long term, we already have a trend underway,” Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trend also means the odds of severe drought in California have doubled since the early 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/noah-diffenbaugh\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>, a senior fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University, said the new analysis represented a “valuable step” in attribution work, a field of climate science that’s developed in the past decade in an effort to understand the role of climate change in specific extreme events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do a nice job showing that exceptionally warm temperatures from 2012-2014 amplified drought conditions for California,” \u003ca href=\"https://swfsc.noaa.gov/staff.aspx?id=18679\">Nate Mantua\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center who has previously written about temperature variations in the region, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Mantua was critical of the paper’s attribution aspect. He said that while it’s possible human-driven global warming could have played a role in the region, the study’s modeling efforts didn’t convincingly replicate certain patterns and that he felt more confident that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/west-coast-warming-natural-variability-18067\">natural circulation patterns\u003c/a> played a more likely role in pushing temperatures up across the region since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_206192\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASADroughtAnimation.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-206192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASADroughtAnimation.gif\" alt=\"Changing drought patterns across the U.S. at the start of each decade through 2095.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Changing drought patterns across the U.S. at the start of each decade through 2095. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Future projections paint a worrisome picture for California and the Southwest as a whole. Rising temperatures mean that California and other parts of the Southwest are basically guaranteed to deal with a serious drought lasting a decade and have an 80 percent chance of experiencing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/southwest-central-plains-unprecedented-drought-18657\">drought that lasts multiple decades\u003c/a> by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams likened the impacts of rising temperatures to a bully after your lunch money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we think of precipitation as an income for California, natural variations — evaporation, human water use — are expenses. Then we can think of global warming as a bully that comes by every year and tells you to give him a certain amount of your money. And every year, the bully asks for more and more,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the bully isn’t going away anytime soon since human emissions to date have locked in climate change-fueled warming for decades if not centuries to come. The new findings give California a lunch money calculator to understand how much water the state can expect to give up and adjust its habits accordingly. It can also allow cities, farmers and others to take advantage of the good years and save for a rainy (or not so rainy) day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burgeoning El Niño could bring rains, particularly to southern California, that could help the state in drier times, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This really starts a new conversation,” Williams said. “It should allow us to plan for the future in a way that we weren’t capable of doing before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the results are specific to California’s current drought, Williams said they could replicated for any drought or any bully, anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1165,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 25
},
"modified": 1704931411,
"excerpt": "A new study pegs climate change as a bully that's come for California's water.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new study pegs climate change as a bully that's come for California's water.",
"title": "The Climate Change ‘Bully’ in California’s Drought | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Climate Change ‘Bully’ in California’s Drought",
"datePublished": "2015-08-21T11:11:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:03:31-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-climate-change-bully-in-californias-drought",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/brian-kahn\">Brian Kahn\u003c/a>\u003cbr />Climate Central\u003c/strong>",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/206191/the-climate-change-bully-in-californias-drought",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There’s a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-onslaught-of-californias-drought-in-1-chart-17355\">drought in California\u003c/a>. Perhaps you’ve heard a few things about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the fact that it’s cost the state \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/Final_Drought%20Report_08182015_Full_Report_WithAppendices.pdf\">$2.7 billion in agricultural losses\u003c/a>, helped \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/california-forests-climate-polluters-18941\">burn up\u003c/a> hundreds of thousands of acres so far this year and inspired Los Angeles to release a 96 million-strong armada of shade balls into reservoirs (though it was\u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/article/why-shade-balls-arent-such-a-great-idea-after-all/\"> apparently a PR stunt\u003c/a>). Oh, and the state is also short on rainfall by \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/missing-california-rain-19299\">20 inches–a full year’s worth\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One question that’s lingered as long as the drought itself is just how much, if any, of the drought is due to human-caused global warming. New research has an answer: from 8 to 27 percent. It also has another important number: climate change has made the odds of severe droughts like this one twice as likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sobering numbers come from researchers at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, NASA and University of Idaho who analyzed temperature, precipitation, wind speed and other data to tease out the role climate change has played in the drought in a new study published on Thursday in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL064924/full\">Geophysical Research Letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the latest in a string of studies that have examined this big question. The general consensus is that heat has \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/heat-turbocharged-californias-epic-drought-18404\">played a role\u003c/a> in exacerbating the drought and that at least some of that heat is part of the larger pattern of global warming. Last year was a punctuation mark with \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2014-will-be-hottest-in-california-history-18279\">record-setting heat baking\u003c/a> the Golden State to crispy golden brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The “\u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2947\">ridiculously resilient ridge\u003c/a>” — an atmospheric feature that’s deflected storms every which way but over California since 2012 — also might have \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/hints-of-climate-change-in-californias-drought-18109\">some climate change ties\u003c/a>, though those are still somewhat murky. But the specific role climate change has played in the drought hasn’t been truly teased out until this new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study is the first to parse out the relative contribution of anthropogenic warming versus natural climate variability,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/williams\">Park Williams\u003c/a>, a tree ring researcher at Lamont, said. “From a method standpoint, it’s a big advancement. It’s the first time I know of that data has been parsed apart this way for any drought on the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams led the latest round of research that uses temperature, precipitation, wind and other drought data to break the state up into grid of 23,955 boxes. The data paint the sharpest picture yet of a state in severe drought. Averaged across the state, the findings show that this hasn’t been California’s worst drought on record, but it is the worst drought on record in the places that matter the most to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_206222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CADroughtWilliams.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-206222 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CADroughtWilliams.jpg\" alt=\"Maps of June-August Palmer Drought Severity Index and ranking for 2014 and 2012–14. Rankings are based on all years between 1901 and 2014. \" width=\"720\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CADroughtWilliams.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/CADroughtWilliams-400x132.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maps of June-August Palmer Drought Severity Index and ranking for 2014 and 2012–14. Rankings are based on all years between 1901 and 2014. \u003ccite>(Williams, et al., 2015)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The epicenter of the drought is the Central Valley, the heart of California’s $46.4 billion agricultural industry. The Sierra Nevada mountains, where most of the state’s water comes from, and a large swath of the coast from \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-cities-hottest-year-18496\">San Diego to San Francisco\u003c/a>, where more than half the state’s population lives, have also experienced record-setting drought conditions since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of rain is what obviously started the drought but heat has ensured its lasting impacts. By comparing different datasets and historical temperature trends, Williams and his colleagues were able to show that up to 27 percent of this drought can be ascribed to climate change-driven warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We needed to answer this question. Just knowing how much climate change has affected this drought is really important as a tool to help Californians understand that while natural climate variability is still important, but over the long term, we already have a trend underway,” Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trend also means the odds of severe drought in California have doubled since the early 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/noah-diffenbaugh\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>, a senior fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University, said the new analysis represented a “valuable step” in attribution work, a field of climate science that’s developed in the past decade in an effort to understand the role of climate change in specific extreme events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do a nice job showing that exceptionally warm temperatures from 2012-2014 amplified drought conditions for California,” \u003ca href=\"https://swfsc.noaa.gov/staff.aspx?id=18679\">Nate Mantua\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center who has previously written about temperature variations in the region, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Mantua was critical of the paper’s attribution aspect. He said that while it’s possible human-driven global warming could have played a role in the region, the study’s modeling efforts didn’t convincingly replicate certain patterns and that he felt more confident that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/west-coast-warming-natural-variability-18067\">natural circulation patterns\u003c/a> played a more likely role in pushing temperatures up across the region since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_206192\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASADroughtAnimation.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-206192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NASADroughtAnimation.gif\" alt=\"Changing drought patterns across the U.S. at the start of each decade through 2095.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Changing drought patterns across the U.S. at the start of each decade through 2095. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Future projections paint a worrisome picture for California and the Southwest as a whole. Rising temperatures mean that California and other parts of the Southwest are basically guaranteed to deal with a serious drought lasting a decade and have an 80 percent chance of experiencing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/southwest-central-plains-unprecedented-drought-18657\">drought that lasts multiple decades\u003c/a> by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams likened the impacts of rising temperatures to a bully after your lunch money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we think of precipitation as an income for California, natural variations — evaporation, human water use — are expenses. Then we can think of global warming as a bully that comes by every year and tells you to give him a certain amount of your money. And every year, the bully asks for more and more,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the bully isn’t going away anytime soon since human emissions to date have locked in climate change-fueled warming for decades if not centuries to come. The new findings give California a lunch money calculator to understand how much water the state can expect to give up and adjust its habits accordingly. It can also allow cities, farmers and others to take advantage of the good years and save for a rainy (or not so rainy) day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burgeoning El Niño could bring rains, particularly to southern California, that could help the state in drier times, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This really starts a new conversation,” Williams said. “It should allow us to plan for the future in a way that we weren’t capable of doing before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the results are specific to California’s current drought, Williams said they could replicated for any drought or any bully, anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/206191/the-climate-change-bully-in-californias-drought",
"authors": [
"byline_science_206191"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1622",
"science_182",
"science_572",
"science_365"
],
"featImg": "science_206196",
"label": "science"
},
"science_186893": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_186893",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "186893",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1439910032000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1439910032,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Drought Makes Being a Shorebird More Difficult",
"headTitle": "Drought Makes Being a Shorebird More Difficult | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>This is one of the riskiest times of life for migratory shorebirds like willets, dunlin, marbled godwits and others. As these birds migrate along the Pacific Flyway, they normally stop to rest and refuel at marshes, lakes and other waterways — after migrating thousands of miles from the north. Some come from as far as the Arctic circle with migration paths established for thousands of years, particular to their species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, birds migrating through northern California’s coast range and the Central Valley \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/07/1579-birds-snowpack-drought-flyway-wetlands-California/\">are finding dry areas\u003c/a> where they expected lush wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopscotching on their migration from wetland to wetland, drought and development have decimated many of their historic refuges,” says Cindy Margulis, Executive Director of Golden Gate Audubon. “It requires birds to seek new resting and refueling areas, forcing them to fly further in search of food and water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shorebirds that fly along the coastline seeking refuge have arrived early to East Bay salt marshes; they normally aren’t here in large numbers until the end of August or even early September. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_186895\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Western sandpipers and dunlin flocks are of special concern as their numbers have fallen in the last few years. They are two focus species in the Shorebird Monitoring Project.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-186895\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Western sandpipers and dunlin flocks are of special concern as their numbers have fallen in the last few years. They are two focus species in the Shorebird Monitoring Project. \u003ccite>(David B. Ledig/Wikimedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence, though, that birds that normally migrate through California’s interior, down the Central Valley, have winged their way over to the Bay, says Melissa Pitkin, Director of Education and Outreach for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue Conservation Science\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all birds are able to shift their migration patterns; they don’t have the ‘plasticity’ in their life history strategies to change in that way,” Pitkin says. “Some are very strict interior migrants who, in times of drought, will struggle with less water along the migration route.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calrice.org/pdf/waterbirdhabitatbro_web.pdf\">One program underway\u003c/a> to assist these avian travelers teaches rice farmers how to manage farms in ways that benefit migratory waterbirds. The Natural Resources Conservation Service, working in partnership with Point Blue Conservation Science, Audubon California, The Nature Conservancy and the California Rice Commission, created and field-tested a set of practices, such as installing islands in flooded fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nature Conservancy has also developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/our-stories/all/7-spotlight/132-precision-conservation?\">BirdReturns\u003c/a>, a program that pays rice farmers to flood their fields after the last harvest, creating \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">“pop-up wetlands”\u003c/a> for the birds. The organization piloted the program last year. One of its innovations, Pitkin says, is the bidding process where farmers place bids on how much money they would take to flood fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dISqPa8g840&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These unique partnerships rely on data from the Citizen Science \u003ca href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\">eBird program\u003c/a>, a project of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/Page.aspx?pid=1478\">Cornell Lab of Ornithology\u003c/a>. The data from eBird pinpoints the location and timing for the flooded fields and helps the partnership make the best use of their funds for these “popup wetlands.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right here in the South Bay, the ongoing conversion of salt-production ponds to tidal wetlands provided new habitat last winter when tens-of-thousands of birds flocked to the newly restored area, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/fieldnotes/regmap.cfm?framesFlag=0&arskey=34083&callingKey=executive_summary&callingValue=don%20edwards\">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’d like to get involved in monitoring shorebird populations locally, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.migratoryshorebirdproject.org/index.php?page=home-en\">Migratory Shorebird Project\u003c/a>, coordinated by Point Blue Conservation Science, is recruiting volunteers to help with a 10-year population study, with a special focus on dunlin and sandpipers. You can also help shorebirds and all wildlife by, of course, conserving water.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 597,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704931430,
"excerpt": "Birds migrating through the Central Valley need to refuel and rest, but find dry areas instead of wetlands.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Birds migrating through the Central Valley need to refuel and rest, but find dry areas instead of wetlands.",
"title": "Drought Makes Being a Shorebird More Difficult | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Drought Makes Being a Shorebird More Difficult",
"datePublished": "2015-08-18T08:00:32-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:03:50-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "drought-makes-being-a-shorebird-more-difficult",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/186893/drought-makes-being-a-shorebird-more-difficult",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This is one of the riskiest times of life for migratory shorebirds like willets, dunlin, marbled godwits and others. As these birds migrate along the Pacific Flyway, they normally stop to rest and refuel at marshes, lakes and other waterways — after migrating thousands of miles from the north. Some come from as far as the Arctic circle with migration paths established for thousands of years, particular to their species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, birds migrating through northern California’s coast range and the Central Valley \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/07/1579-birds-snowpack-drought-flyway-wetlands-California/\">are finding dry areas\u003c/a> where they expected lush wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopscotching on their migration from wetland to wetland, drought and development have decimated many of their historic refuges,” says Cindy Margulis, Executive Director of Golden Gate Audubon. “It requires birds to seek new resting and refueling areas, forcing them to fly further in search of food and water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shorebirds that fly along the coastline seeking refuge have arrived early to East Bay salt marshes; they normally aren’t here in large numbers until the end of August or even early September. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_186895\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Western sandpipers and dunlin flocks are of special concern as their numbers have fallen in the last few years. They are two focus species in the Shorebird Monitoring Project.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-186895\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/1024px-Western_Sandpipers_and_Dunlins.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Western sandpipers and dunlin flocks are of special concern as their numbers have fallen in the last few years. They are two focus species in the Shorebird Monitoring Project. \u003ccite>(David B. Ledig/Wikimedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence, though, that birds that normally migrate through California’s interior, down the Central Valley, have winged their way over to the Bay, says Melissa Pitkin, Director of Education and Outreach for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue Conservation Science\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all birds are able to shift their migration patterns; they don’t have the ‘plasticity’ in their life history strategies to change in that way,” Pitkin says. “Some are very strict interior migrants who, in times of drought, will struggle with less water along the migration route.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calrice.org/pdf/waterbirdhabitatbro_web.pdf\">One program underway\u003c/a> to assist these avian travelers teaches rice farmers how to manage farms in ways that benefit migratory waterbirds. The Natural Resources Conservation Service, working in partnership with Point Blue Conservation Science, Audubon California, The Nature Conservancy and the California Rice Commission, created and field-tested a set of practices, such as installing islands in flooded fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nature Conservancy has also developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/our-stories/all/7-spotlight/132-precision-conservation?\">BirdReturns\u003c/a>, a program that pays rice farmers to flood their fields after the last harvest, creating \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">“pop-up wetlands”\u003c/a> for the birds. The organization piloted the program last year. One of its innovations, Pitkin says, is the bidding process where farmers place bids on how much money they would take to flood fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dISqPa8g840'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dISqPa8g840'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These unique partnerships rely on data from the Citizen Science \u003ca href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\">eBird program\u003c/a>, a project of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/Page.aspx?pid=1478\">Cornell Lab of Ornithology\u003c/a>. The data from eBird pinpoints the location and timing for the flooded fields and helps the partnership make the best use of their funds for these “popup wetlands.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right here in the South Bay, the ongoing conversion of salt-production ponds to tidal wetlands provided new habitat last winter when tens-of-thousands of birds flocked to the newly restored area, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/fieldnotes/regmap.cfm?framesFlag=0&arskey=34083&callingKey=executive_summary&callingValue=don%20edwards\">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’d like to get involved in monitoring shorebird populations locally, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.migratoryshorebirdproject.org/index.php?page=home-en\">Migratory Shorebird Project\u003c/a>, coordinated by Point Blue Conservation Science, is recruiting volunteers to help with a 10-year population study, with a special focus on dunlin and sandpipers. You can also help shorebirds and all wildlife by, of course, conserving water.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/186893/drought-makes-being-a-shorebird-more-difficult",
"authors": [
"6328"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_31"
],
"tags": [
"science_572"
],
"featImg": "science_186894",
"label": "science"
},
"science_190905": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_190905",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "190905",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1439816455000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1439816455,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Toxic Algae Is Killing Sea Lions, Shows No Sign of Diminishing",
"headTitle": "Toxic Algae Is Killing Sea Lions, Shows No Sign of Diminishing | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/08/150817ScienceAlgalBloom.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A toxic algae bloom that began off the West Coast this spring now stretches from California to Alaska. It’s poisoning marine life from shellfish to sardines to sea lions, and scientists say it’s one of the worst they’ve seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen a bloom this big before,” says Anthony Odell, a research analyst with the University of Washington’s harmful algae bloom monitoring program. “It’s also one of the most toxic blooms we’ve seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It’s pretty scary. Because it’s so big and it’s so toxic and it’s not really giving sea life a chance.”\u003ccite>Anthony Odell,\u003cbr>\nUniversity of Washington\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Odell is one of a rotating team of scientists who are studying the bloom aboard the Bell M. Shimada, a research vessel belonging to NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Equipped with state-of-the-art technology, the ship is traveling this summer up the west coast to British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Odell says he’s seen a lot of toxic blooms, but this one’s different, partly because it consists of several species of harmful algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s making a toxic plankton soup,” he says. “It’s pretty amazing to see all these things blooming together, because usually they prefer these different conditions so there’s definitely something unusual going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic algae blooms are not uncommon in the Pacific Ocean—they’re called red tides and they come in summer’s warm waters and dissipate in the fall. But the current algae bloom isn’t likely to dissipate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The algae are thriving in unusually warm waters—in fact, abnormally warm water that scientists are calling “the Blob.” The algae bloom itself is an estimated 40 miles wide and, in some places, \u003cem>could \u003c/em>reach a depth of more than two football fields, according to sonar readings. Scientists have been able to verify the presence of the algae bloom down to 45 feet by testing the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_191610\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 610px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NOAA-map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-191610\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NOAA-map.jpg\" alt=\"Average chlorophyll concentrations (in milligrams per cubic meter of water) in July 2015. The darkest green areas have the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations and the largest amounts of phytoplankton—including both toxic and harmless species. \" width=\"610\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NOAA-map.jpg 610w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NOAA-map-400x310.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Average chlorophyll concentrations (in milligrams per cubic meter of water) in July 2015. The darkest green areas have the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations and the largest amounts of phytoplankton—including both toxic and harmless species. \u003ccite>(NOAA Climate.gov map based on Suomi NPP satellite data provided by NOAA View.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“From a scientific standpoint it’s fascinating,” Odell says. “From a sea life and human health view point, it’s pretty scary. Because it’s so big and it’s so toxic and it’s not really giving sea life a chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the toxins the algae are producing is domoic acid. It’s a neurotoxin that doesn’t have negative effects on shellfish and fish. But it can kill other marine life because the micro algae—or phytoplankton—are the base of the food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything in the ocean eats phytoplankton or eats something that eats phytoplankton,” Odell says. “So when you have one of these species that starts producing toxin, it works its way up through the food chain really fast. It gets into shellfish, it gets into crabs, it gets into small fin fish like sardines and anchovies, which are then fed on by salmon and pelicans and seals and sea lions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA scientists say domoic acid from the algae bloom is responsible for the high number of seizures and deaths in California sea lions this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Domoic acid can also poison humans, causing nausea and dizziness, or in worse cases, permanent short-term memory loss, and even death. That’s why fishery managers have shut down some crab fisheries in Oregon and Washington, and severely restricted fishery markets from California’s central coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re now unable to market anchovy,” says Diane Pleschner-Steele, executive director of the California Wetfish Producers Association. “And there’s a small, kind of an ethnic market for anchovy for human consumption. And also, anchovy used for bait and for animal food. So we’re now prohibited from selling to the public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said after the anchovy market collapsed, fishermen moved on to squid, which feed on a different plankton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_190909\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-190909\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-800x484.jpg\" alt=\"Research analyst Anthony Odell is studying the massive toxic algae bloom in the Pacific Ocean this summer, aboard the Bell M. Shimada, a NOAA research ship. \" width=\"400\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-800x484.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-400x242.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-1440x871.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-1180x714.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-960x581.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work.jpg 1453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Research analyst Anthony Odell is studying the massive toxic algae bloom in the Pacific Ocean this summer, aboard the Bell M. Shimada, a NOAA research ship. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, there’s little sign the algae bloom is going to slow down and give sea life a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still quite a bit of toxin production going on,” Odell says, “and a rather sizable bloom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the unusually warm ocean water is one suspect, scientists still don’t know for sure the cause of the algae bloom. Odell says they’re researching whether climate change is contributing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been an international consensus that climate change would affect harmful algal blooms in the fact that we would likely see more of them,” Odell says. “But there’s just not enough data to tie the two together yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are scheduled to arrive in British Columbia in September. Then, it could take a few months to compile data before they can say more about what’s causing the toxic algae bloom, and what it means for the changing ecosystem of the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 950,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1704931437,
"excerpt": "Scientists are studying the cause of a toxic algae bloom that stretches from the California coast to Alaska.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists are studying the cause of a toxic algae bloom that stretches from the California coast to Alaska.",
"title": "Toxic Algae Is Killing Sea Lions, Shows No Sign of Diminishing | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Toxic Algae Is Killing Sea Lions, Shows No Sign of Diminishing",
"datePublished": "2015-08-17T06:00:55-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:03:57-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "toxic-algae-is-killing-sea-lions-shows-no-sign-of-diminishing",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Christina Aanestad",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/190905/toxic-algae-is-killing-sea-lions-shows-no-sign-of-diminishing",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/08/150817ScienceAlgalBloom.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/08/150817ScienceAlgalBloom.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A toxic algae bloom that began off the West Coast this spring now stretches from California to Alaska. It’s poisoning marine life from shellfish to sardines to sea lions, and scientists say it’s one of the worst they’ve seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen a bloom this big before,” says Anthony Odell, a research analyst with the University of Washington’s harmful algae bloom monitoring program. “It’s also one of the most toxic blooms we’ve seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It’s pretty scary. Because it’s so big and it’s so toxic and it’s not really giving sea life a chance.”\u003ccite>Anthony Odell,\u003cbr>\nUniversity of Washington\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Odell is one of a rotating team of scientists who are studying the bloom aboard the Bell M. Shimada, a research vessel belonging to NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Equipped with state-of-the-art technology, the ship is traveling this summer up the west coast to British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Odell says he’s seen a lot of toxic blooms, but this one’s different, partly because it consists of several species of harmful algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s making a toxic plankton soup,” he says. “It’s pretty amazing to see all these things blooming together, because usually they prefer these different conditions so there’s definitely something unusual going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic algae blooms are not uncommon in the Pacific Ocean—they’re called red tides and they come in summer’s warm waters and dissipate in the fall. But the current algae bloom isn’t likely to dissipate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The algae are thriving in unusually warm waters—in fact, abnormally warm water that scientists are calling “the Blob.” The algae bloom itself is an estimated 40 miles wide and, in some places, \u003cem>could \u003c/em>reach a depth of more than two football fields, according to sonar readings. Scientists have been able to verify the presence of the algae bloom down to 45 feet by testing the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_191610\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 610px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NOAA-map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-191610\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NOAA-map.jpg\" alt=\"Average chlorophyll concentrations (in milligrams per cubic meter of water) in July 2015. The darkest green areas have the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations and the largest amounts of phytoplankton—including both toxic and harmless species. \" width=\"610\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NOAA-map.jpg 610w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/NOAA-map-400x310.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Average chlorophyll concentrations (in milligrams per cubic meter of water) in July 2015. The darkest green areas have the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations and the largest amounts of phytoplankton—including both toxic and harmless species. \u003ccite>(NOAA Climate.gov map based on Suomi NPP satellite data provided by NOAA View.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“From a scientific standpoint it’s fascinating,” Odell says. “From a sea life and human health view point, it’s pretty scary. Because it’s so big and it’s so toxic and it’s not really giving sea life a chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the toxins the algae are producing is domoic acid. It’s a neurotoxin that doesn’t have negative effects on shellfish and fish. But it can kill other marine life because the micro algae—or phytoplankton—are the base of the food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything in the ocean eats phytoplankton or eats something that eats phytoplankton,” Odell says. “So when you have one of these species that starts producing toxin, it works its way up through the food chain really fast. It gets into shellfish, it gets into crabs, it gets into small fin fish like sardines and anchovies, which are then fed on by salmon and pelicans and seals and sea lions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA scientists say domoic acid from the algae bloom is responsible for the high number of seizures and deaths in California sea lions this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Domoic acid can also poison humans, causing nausea and dizziness, or in worse cases, permanent short-term memory loss, and even death. That’s why fishery managers have shut down some crab fisheries in Oregon and Washington, and severely restricted fishery markets from California’s central coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re now unable to market anchovy,” says Diane Pleschner-Steele, executive director of the California Wetfish Producers Association. “And there’s a small, kind of an ethnic market for anchovy for human consumption. And also, anchovy used for bait and for animal food. So we’re now prohibited from selling to the public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said after the anchovy market collapsed, fishermen moved on to squid, which feed on a different plankton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_190909\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-190909\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-800x484.jpg\" alt=\"Research analyst Anthony Odell is studying the massive toxic algae bloom in the Pacific Ocean this summer, aboard the Bell M. Shimada, a NOAA research ship. \" width=\"400\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-800x484.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-400x242.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-1440x871.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-1180x714.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work-960x581.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Odell-at-work.jpg 1453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Research analyst Anthony Odell is studying the massive toxic algae bloom in the Pacific Ocean this summer, aboard the Bell M. Shimada, a NOAA research ship. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, there’s little sign the algae bloom is going to slow down and give sea life a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still quite a bit of toxin production going on,” Odell says, “and a rather sizable bloom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the unusually warm ocean water is one suspect, scientists still don’t know for sure the cause of the algae bloom. Odell says they’re researching whether climate change is contributing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been an international consensus that climate change would affect harmful algal blooms in the fact that we would likely see more of them,” Odell says. “But there’s just not enough data to tie the two together yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are scheduled to arrive in British Columbia in September. Then, it could take a few months to compile data before they can say more about what’s causing the toxic algae bloom, and what it means for the changing ecosystem of the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/190905/toxic-algae-is-killing-sea-lions-shows-no-sign-of-diminishing",
"authors": [
"byline_science_190905"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_1155"
],
"featImg": "science_190907",
"label": "science"
},
"science_185601": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_185601",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "185601",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1439584685000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1439584685,
"format": "image",
"title": "It's Official: Don't Blame the Sun for Climate Change",
"headTitle": "It’s Official: Don’t Blame the Sun for Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>New information about the energy output of the sun appears to contradict the claim, made by climate skeptics, that the sun is responsible for global warming. That idea relied on apparent evidence showing a rise in solar activity since 1800. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.sidc.be/silso/\">newly revised data\u003c/a>, published in July, suggests instead that our yardstick of solar activity was warped. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today scientists observe the sun 24 hours a day using \u003ca href=\"http://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/spaceweather/\">satellites in deep space\u003c/a> and solar telescopes on the ground. However, for historical data from before the 1980s, our best information on the activity of the sun has come from counting sunspots, a paper-and-pencil statistic determined by human eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sunspots and the Sunspot Number\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/sunspotssolar-cycle\">Sunspots\u003c/a> are peculiar magnetic storms on the sun’s surface that appear like dark spots in comparison to the blinding gas around them. Large sunspots can be seen with the naked eye (although that’s not advisable, since you could damage your eye). But scientific observations had to await the invention of the telescope in the early 1600s. Galileo, the first person to turn a telescope toward the sky, made many careful drawings of the sun with sunspots on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_186676\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot.jpg\" alt=\"Galileo sun drawing\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-186676\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Galileo made this drawing of the sun on June 23, 1613, showing sunspots. \u003ccite>(The Galileo Project/M. Kornmesser)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sunspot counting was formalized in the 1840s by a Swiss astronomer named Rudolf Wolf, who began tracking them daily at the Zurich Observatory. Scientists had just discovered the sun’s 11-year cycle in which sunspot activity waxes and wanes. Wolf saw the need for a long and consistent record of them, and extended the record back in time using earlier sunspot reports. Counting groups of sunspots as ten and each individual spot as one, he devised a simple number that he could easily update every day the sun was out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wolf Sunspot Number, determined every day since Wolf’s time by a worldwide group of astronomers, has become a fundamental tool of climate science. Extending from the first telescope observations in 1610 to today, it’s the longest set of solar data in science. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Still Relevant Today\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out sunspots are a fairly good index of the sun’s total energy output, and sunspot data are used for many purposes. Sunspot counts are a gauge of the sun’s long-term behavior, the speed of the solar wind in outer space and the strength of the sun’s magnetic field — a set of natural activities summed up as \u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/communities/space-weather-enthusiasts\">space weather\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun’s energy output also affects the height of the atmosphere. An active sun heats up and expands the uppermost atmosphere, affecting low-flying satellites. The U.S. Air Force, which manages a fleet of satellites, is among the federal agencies keenly interested in all these topics. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_186677\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record-800x340.png\" alt=\"Group Sunspot Number (not Wolf Sunspot Number)\" width=\"800\" height=\"340\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-186677\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record-800x340.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record-400x170.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record-960x408.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunspot numbers for the last 400 years appear to show a recent rise in solar activity. The newly revised record eliminates this bulge. \u003ccite>(Global Warming Art Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In researching Earth’s climate, sunspot numbers are the best tool we have to help correlate modern satellite data with other forms of evidence from the ancient and geological past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some climate scientists have used different versions of the sunspot record to argue that the sun has been growing more active since around 1800, entering what they call a Solar Grand Maximum. Skeptics of climate change have seized on this idea to downplay the role of greenhouse gases in global warming, a stand contrary to the universal consensus of the scientific community. But what if the sunspot number is at fault? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, a set of solar researchers issued a corrected sunspot record that erases the very concept of a Solar Grand Maximum. Instead the sun appears to have had a steady procession of 11-year cycles, modulated by longer cycles of roughly a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Problems With the Wolf Number\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Wolf died in 1893, his successors at the Zurich Observatory continued counting the Wolf Sunspot Number. Today Sergio Cortesi, the fifth in line, carries on with this task at the Locarno Observatory, as he has since 1957. But like any observation that depends on human perceptions, the record collects subtle errors that must be detected and then corrected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the sunspot number is overseen by \u003ca href=\"http://sidc.be/silso/home\">Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations\u003c/a> (SILSO), a group at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. SILSO relies on a network of about 60 observers whose observations are carefully compared to Cortesi’s at the Locarno Observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_186678\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record.png\" alt=\"Corrected Wolf Sunspot record\" width=\"600\" height=\"580\" class=\"size-full wp-image-186678\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record.png 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record-400x387.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new sunspot record shows no Grand Maximum since 1800. \u003ccite>(SILSO/Royal Observatory of Belgium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The push to clean up the record started when researchers revisited Wolf’s original data, adding thousands of observations that Wolf had not seen. For instance, Wolf had ignored much of the English-language literature. As they delved into the details, they uncovered enough errors and inconsistencies that it became clear a thorough housecleaning of the data was in order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Fixing a Warped Foundation\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research community gets nervous when someone tries to change one of its fundamental tools, like the \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00190-015-0844-y\">location of the Prime Meridian\u003c/a> or the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/controversies/a/aa022005a.htm\">geological time scale\u003c/a>. Consensus can be slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University astrophysicist \u003ca href=\"http://www.leif.org/research/\">Leif Svalgaard\u003c/a> has been a steady force behind reforming the sunspot number, bringing a task force of his scientific peers together at annual conferences for the last five years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Svalgaard argues that the “daisy chain” of observers connecting Wolf to Cortesi is prone to accumulating error. For example, in a review of more than 1,000 solar drawings made by Johann Staudacher between 1749 and 1796, he found Wolf had undercounted the number of sunspot groups by 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making a fresh sunspot record, SILSO established a set of the most trustworthy “backbone” observers, those with long records and consistent techniques. And in July, SILSO formally ended the original sunspot number series and issued what it calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.sidc.be/silso/datafiles\">Sunspot Number version 2.0\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A special issue of the journal Solar Physics is in the works that will include dozens of papers, all properly peer-reviewed, to cement this step in scientific concrete. \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1025,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704931439,
"excerpt": "A careful cleanup of the 400-year record of sunspots shows the sun is not increasing its energy output.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A careful cleanup of the 400-year record of sunspots shows the sun is not increasing its energy output.",
"title": "It's Official: Don't Blame the Sun for Climate Change | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "It's Official: Don't Blame the Sun for Climate Change",
"datePublished": "2015-08-14T13:38:05-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:03:59-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "its-official-dont-blame-the-sun-for-climate-change",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/185601/its-official-dont-blame-the-sun-for-climate-change",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New information about the energy output of the sun appears to contradict the claim, made by climate skeptics, that the sun is responsible for global warming. That idea relied on apparent evidence showing a rise in solar activity since 1800. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.sidc.be/silso/\">newly revised data\u003c/a>, published in July, suggests instead that our yardstick of solar activity was warped. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today scientists observe the sun 24 hours a day using \u003ca href=\"http://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/spaceweather/\">satellites in deep space\u003c/a> and solar telescopes on the ground. However, for historical data from before the 1980s, our best information on the activity of the sun has come from counting sunspots, a paper-and-pencil statistic determined by human eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sunspots and the Sunspot Number\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/sunspotssolar-cycle\">Sunspots\u003c/a> are peculiar magnetic storms on the sun’s surface that appear like dark spots in comparison to the blinding gas around them. Large sunspots can be seen with the naked eye (although that’s not advisable, since you could damage your eye). But scientific observations had to await the invention of the telescope in the early 1600s. Galileo, the first person to turn a telescope toward the sky, made many careful drawings of the sun with sunspots on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_186676\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot.jpg\" alt=\"Galileo sun drawing\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-186676\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Galileo-sunspot-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Galileo made this drawing of the sun on June 23, 1613, showing sunspots. \u003ccite>(The Galileo Project/M. Kornmesser)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sunspot counting was formalized in the 1840s by a Swiss astronomer named Rudolf Wolf, who began tracking them daily at the Zurich Observatory. Scientists had just discovered the sun’s 11-year cycle in which sunspot activity waxes and wanes. Wolf saw the need for a long and consistent record of them, and extended the record back in time using earlier sunspot reports. Counting groups of sunspots as ten and each individual spot as one, he devised a simple number that he could easily update every day the sun was out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wolf Sunspot Number, determined every day since Wolf’s time by a worldwide group of astronomers, has become a fundamental tool of climate science. Extending from the first telescope observations in 1610 to today, it’s the longest set of solar data in science. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Still Relevant Today\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out sunspots are a fairly good index of the sun’s total energy output, and sunspot data are used for many purposes. Sunspot counts are a gauge of the sun’s long-term behavior, the speed of the solar wind in outer space and the strength of the sun’s magnetic field — a set of natural activities summed up as \u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/communities/space-weather-enthusiasts\">space weather\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun’s energy output also affects the height of the atmosphere. An active sun heats up and expands the uppermost atmosphere, affecting low-flying satellites. The U.S. Air Force, which manages a fleet of satellites, is among the federal agencies keenly interested in all these topics. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_186677\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record-800x340.png\" alt=\"Group Sunspot Number (not Wolf Sunspot Number)\" width=\"800\" height=\"340\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-186677\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record-800x340.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record-400x170.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record-960x408.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/SGN-record.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunspot numbers for the last 400 years appear to show a recent rise in solar activity. The newly revised record eliminates this bulge. \u003ccite>(Global Warming Art Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In researching Earth’s climate, sunspot numbers are the best tool we have to help correlate modern satellite data with other forms of evidence from the ancient and geological past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some climate scientists have used different versions of the sunspot record to argue that the sun has been growing more active since around 1800, entering what they call a Solar Grand Maximum. Skeptics of climate change have seized on this idea to downplay the role of greenhouse gases in global warming, a stand contrary to the universal consensus of the scientific community. But what if the sunspot number is at fault? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, a set of solar researchers issued a corrected sunspot record that erases the very concept of a Solar Grand Maximum. Instead the sun appears to have had a steady procession of 11-year cycles, modulated by longer cycles of roughly a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Problems With the Wolf Number\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Wolf died in 1893, his successors at the Zurich Observatory continued counting the Wolf Sunspot Number. Today Sergio Cortesi, the fifth in line, carries on with this task at the Locarno Observatory, as he has since 1957. But like any observation that depends on human perceptions, the record collects subtle errors that must be detected and then corrected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the sunspot number is overseen by \u003ca href=\"http://sidc.be/silso/home\">Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations\u003c/a> (SILSO), a group at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. SILSO relies on a network of about 60 observers whose observations are carefully compared to Cortesi’s at the Locarno Observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_186678\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record.png\" alt=\"Corrected Wolf Sunspot record\" width=\"600\" height=\"580\" class=\"size-full wp-image-186678\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record.png 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record-400x387.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/ISN-record-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new sunspot record shows no Grand Maximum since 1800. \u003ccite>(SILSO/Royal Observatory of Belgium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The push to clean up the record started when researchers revisited Wolf’s original data, adding thousands of observations that Wolf had not seen. For instance, Wolf had ignored much of the English-language literature. As they delved into the details, they uncovered enough errors and inconsistencies that it became clear a thorough housecleaning of the data was in order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Fixing a Warped Foundation\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research community gets nervous when someone tries to change one of its fundamental tools, like the \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00190-015-0844-y\">location of the Prime Meridian\u003c/a> or the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/controversies/a/aa022005a.htm\">geological time scale\u003c/a>. Consensus can be slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University astrophysicist \u003ca href=\"http://www.leif.org/research/\">Leif Svalgaard\u003c/a> has been a steady force behind reforming the sunspot number, bringing a task force of his scientific peers together at annual conferences for the last five years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Svalgaard argues that the “daisy chain” of observers connecting Wolf to Cortesi is prone to accumulating error. For example, in a review of more than 1,000 solar drawings made by Johann Staudacher between 1749 and 1796, he found Wolf had undercounted the number of sunspot groups by 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making a fresh sunspot record, SILSO established a set of the most trustworthy “backbone” observers, those with long records and consistent techniques. And in July, SILSO formally ended the original sunspot number series and issued what it calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.sidc.be/silso/datafiles\">Sunspot Number version 2.0\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A special issue of the journal Solar Physics is in the works that will include dozens of papers, all properly peer-reviewed, to cement this step in scientific concrete. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/185601/its-official-dont-blame-the-sun-for-climate-change",
"authors": [
"6228"
],
"categories": [
"science_28",
"science_31"
],
"tags": [
"science_194"
],
"featImg": "science_186675",
"label": "science"
},
"science_188276": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_188276",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "188276",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1439493637000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1439493637,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Officials Say Not to Bank on a Drenching El Niño",
"headTitle": "California Officials Say Not to Bank on a Drenching El Niño | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Forecasters are increasingly, cautiously optimistic about relief coming to ease California’s drought, thanks to the strengthening of the \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html\">El Niño weather pattern\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an 85 percent chance of a strong El Niño sticking around through next spring, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html\">according to forecasters\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>. Its strength should peak in the late fall and early winter, just the right time to deliver soaking storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘California cannot count on potential El Niño conditions to halt or reverse drought conditions.’\u003ccite> Michael Anderson, state climatologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/081315b.pdf\">California officials pushed back on Thursday\u003c/a>, warning that the strong forecast won’t guarantee the rainfall the state desperately needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California cannot count on potential El Niño conditions to halt or reverse drought conditions,” said state climatologist Michael Anderson in a statement. “Historical weather data shows us that at best, there is a 50/50 chance of having a wetter winter. Unfortunately, due to shifting climate patterns, we cannot even be that sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California saw extreme rainfall and flooding when conditions were similar in winter 1997-8. But look back to the previous seven strong El Niño events since 1950 and three actually produced dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some forecasters also point to the ridge of high pressure that has dominated recent winters and pushed incoming storms away from Northern California. It could be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/09/possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs/\">a potential spoiler\u003c/a> for the rain an El Niño could bring.\u003cbr>\n[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XO8gXGCWjQQ&w=640&h=385]\u003cbr>\nWarmer temperatures this winter could also mean the precipitation would fall as rain, instead of snow. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is California’s “frozen reservoir,” normally producing a third of the state’s water supply as it melts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not saying I don’t want an El Niño, I just don’t want folks to think we don’t have to conserve because El Niño will save us,” said \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/23/a-candid-conversation-with-californias-water-czar/\">Felicia Marcus\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>. She says El Niño hype risks derailing the conservation efforts underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board is in the midst of enforcing mandatory water conservation standards, up to 36 percent, for water districts around the state. In June, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/30/whos-saving-water-in-california-and-who-isnt/\">about a third of districts failed\u003c/a> to meet those standards and could face fines from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also say the state would have to get about double its normal precipitation to make up the rain and snow deficit built up during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 443,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704931441,
"excerpt": "Although it could be a wet winter, climatologists say don't count on El Niño to reverse the drought.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Although it could be a wet winter, climatologists say don't count on El Niño to reverse the drought.",
"title": "California Officials Say Not to Bank on a Drenching El Niño | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Officials Say Not to Bank on a Drenching El Niño",
"datePublished": "2015-08-13T12:20:37-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:04:01-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-officials-say-not-to-bank-on-a-drenching-el-nino",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/188276/california-officials-say-not-to-bank-on-a-drenching-el-nino",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Forecasters are increasingly, cautiously optimistic about relief coming to ease California’s drought, thanks to the strengthening of the \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html\">El Niño weather pattern\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an 85 percent chance of a strong El Niño sticking around through next spring, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html\">according to forecasters\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>. Its strength should peak in the late fall and early winter, just the right time to deliver soaking storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘California cannot count on potential El Niño conditions to halt or reverse drought conditions.’\u003ccite> Michael Anderson, state climatologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/081315b.pdf\">California officials pushed back on Thursday\u003c/a>, warning that the strong forecast won’t guarantee the rainfall the state desperately needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California cannot count on potential El Niño conditions to halt or reverse drought conditions,” said state climatologist Michael Anderson in a statement. “Historical weather data shows us that at best, there is a 50/50 chance of having a wetter winter. Unfortunately, due to shifting climate patterns, we cannot even be that sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California saw extreme rainfall and flooding when conditions were similar in winter 1997-8. But look back to the previous seven strong El Niño events since 1950 and three actually produced dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some forecasters also point to the ridge of high pressure that has dominated recent winters and pushed incoming storms away from Northern California. It could be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/09/possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs/\">a potential spoiler\u003c/a> for the rain an El Niño could bring.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XO8gXGCWjQQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XO8gXGCWjQQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nWarmer temperatures this winter could also mean the precipitation would fall as rain, instead of snow. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is California’s “frozen reservoir,” normally producing a third of the state’s water supply as it melts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not saying I don’t want an El Niño, I just don’t want folks to think we don’t have to conserve because El Niño will save us,” said \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/23/a-candid-conversation-with-californias-water-czar/\">Felicia Marcus\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>. She says El Niño hype risks derailing the conservation efforts underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board is in the midst of enforcing mandatory water conservation standards, up to 36 percent, for water districts around the state. In June, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/30/whos-saving-water-in-california-and-who-isnt/\">about a third of districts failed\u003c/a> to meet those standards and could face fines from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also say the state would have to get about double its normal precipitation to make up the rain and snow deficit built up during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/188276/california-officials-say-not-to-bank-on-a-drenching-el-nino",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_572",
"science_371",
"science_365"
],
"featImg": "science_197227",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_183555": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_183555",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "183555",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1439340768000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1439340768,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Cal Fire Chief's Nightmare Scenario",
"headTitle": "Cal Fire Chief’s Nightmare Scenario | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It comes down to this: the next couple of months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately Northern California has captured national headlines with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/11/more-evacuations-as-lake-county-hit-with-second-blaze\">fast-moving blazes\u003c/a> such the Rocky and Jerusalem Fires in the coast ranges about 100 miles north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many epic fires in the California record, which were largely driven by wind, in the fires burning north of the Bay Area, “There really is no signifcant wind,” says Cal Fire Director \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/about/about_executive_staff_Pimlott.php\">Ken Pimlott\u003c/a>. “It’s all being driven by the condition of the vegetation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is to say, not merely dry, but four-year-drought dry. Pimlott says Cal Fire measures the potential burn intensity of vegetation throughout the state, and is currently seeing “record levels” of that metric, known as the Energy Release Component.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just creating explosive growth rates,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=1193\">Jerusalem Fire\u003c/a> went from 100 to 5,000 acres almost overnight. But the worst may be yet to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As summer gives way to fall, the winds typically shift and \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/12/01/santa-ana-wind-season-may-be-stretched-by-climate-change/\">dry winds from the east\u003c/a> sweep across California, turning an already sizzling fire season into a potential blast furnace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we get into late summer and early fall, not only are we still seeing the potential for extreme fire behavior in Northern California, and the potential for a large number of fires like we’re seeing now,” says Pimlott, but “we also get into that peak window for Southern California with Santa Ana winds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar winds known as Diablos kick up in the northern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so the state, literally, is really primed right now to have multiple fires going on, north to south.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this interview with KQED, Pimlott talks about fire behavior, busting budgets, boots on the ground, and his confidence in the state’s ability to confront an ever-expanding fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We start with what crews on the fire lines are saying about these aggressive, fast-moving fires in the north state:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218833610″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 386,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1704931451,
"excerpt": "Fires already burning are defying conventional fire behavior. But wait for the next couple of months, when winds typically shift and hot, dry easterlies sweeping across the state could turn an already sizzling fire season into a blast furnace, exhausting crews and straining budgets. Cal Fire director Ken Pimlott talks with KQED Science Editor Craig Miller.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Fires already burning are defying conventional fire behavior. But wait for the next couple of months, when winds typically shift and hot, dry easterlies sweeping across the state could turn an already sizzling fire season into a blast furnace, exhausting crews and straining budgets. Cal Fire director Ken Pimlott talks with KQED Science Editor Craig Miller.",
"title": "Cal Fire Chief's Nightmare Scenario | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Cal Fire Chief's Nightmare Scenario",
"datePublished": "2015-08-11T17:52:48-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:04:11-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "cal-fire-chiefs-nightmare-scenario",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/183555/cal-fire-chiefs-nightmare-scenario",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It comes down to this: the next couple of months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately Northern California has captured national headlines with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/11/more-evacuations-as-lake-county-hit-with-second-blaze\">fast-moving blazes\u003c/a> such the Rocky and Jerusalem Fires in the coast ranges about 100 miles north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many epic fires in the California record, which were largely driven by wind, in the fires burning north of the Bay Area, “There really is no signifcant wind,” says Cal Fire Director \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/about/about_executive_staff_Pimlott.php\">Ken Pimlott\u003c/a>. “It’s all being driven by the condition of the vegetation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is to say, not merely dry, but four-year-drought dry. Pimlott says Cal Fire measures the potential burn intensity of vegetation throughout the state, and is currently seeing “record levels” of that metric, known as the Energy Release Component.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just creating explosive growth rates,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=1193\">Jerusalem Fire\u003c/a> went from 100 to 5,000 acres almost overnight. But the worst may be yet to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As summer gives way to fall, the winds typically shift and \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/12/01/santa-ana-wind-season-may-be-stretched-by-climate-change/\">dry winds from the east\u003c/a> sweep across California, turning an already sizzling fire season into a potential blast furnace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we get into late summer and early fall, not only are we still seeing the potential for extreme fire behavior in Northern California, and the potential for a large number of fires like we’re seeing now,” says Pimlott, but “we also get into that peak window for Southern California with Santa Ana winds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar winds known as Diablos kick up in the northern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so the state, literally, is really primed right now to have multiple fires going on, north to south.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this interview with KQED, Pimlott talks about fire behavior, busting budgets, boots on the ground, and his confidence in the state’s ability to confront an ever-expanding fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We start with what crews on the fire lines are saying about these aggressive, fast-moving fires in the north state:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218833610″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218833610″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/183555/cal-fire-chiefs-nightmare-scenario",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_5194",
"science_113"
],
"featImg": "science_183776",
"label": "science"
},
"science_171201": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_171201",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "171201",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1439136044000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1439136044,
"format": "audio",
"title": "Possible Spoiler for El Niño: A 'Battle of the Blobs'",
"headTitle": "Possible Spoiler for El Niño: A ‘Battle of the Blobs’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/08/20150810ScienceBattleoftheBlobs.mp3\u003cbr>\nHopeful Californians are looking to the Pacific this winter for an end to California’s most punishing drought on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason: what appears to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/3323\">a monster El Niño in the making\u003c/a>. The abnormally warm waters along the equator \u003cem>could\u003c/em> mean a wet winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no guarantees, but there have been portents. On one Saturday in July, San Diego got more rain than it got the entire month of January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same month, ESPN broadcaster Dan Shulman broke the news to baseball fans from underneath a golf umbrella: “For the first time in 20 years, a game has been postponed because of rain here in Anaheim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can thank Dolores for that, a hurricane that managed to make it farther north than normal. The intense Pacific hurricane season \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20150716/hurricane-dolores-el-nixf1o-bring-big-waves-to-southern-california-beaches\">bears the fingerprints\u003c/a> of El Niño, which is already getting hyped as a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/09/el-nino-update-californias-great-wet-hope-continues-to-build/\">potential drought-buster.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, and deservedly so,” says Kevin Trenberth, a Distinguished Senior Scientist at the \u003ca href=\"https://ncar.ucar.edu/\">National Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/a> in Boulder, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For this time of year, the El Niño is as strong as it’s ever been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26565\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26565 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storms headed for the California coast run into the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, represented by the “H” in this graphic. (David Pierce/ KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strength in this case is measured by how much warmer surface temperatures are than normal, in the tropical Pacific. And this one looks to be about as strong as the legendary \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">El Niño of 1997-98\u003c/a>, which was the strongest on record, peaking at about 2.3 degrees Celsius above normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ocean, a spike of more than two degrees is like sticking a hot poker into the climate system. Pacific storms sucked up moisture from extremely warm equatorial waters and pretty much dumped it on California. San Francisco got double its normal rainfall that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter the Blob\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time around, there are other things brewing in the Pacific: patches of freakishly warm water spread far and wide, up the California coast to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2015/07/blob.html\">persistently warm vortex\u003c/a>, hundreds of miles across, christened by climate scientists as “the Blob.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is definitely the wildcard with this El Niño,” warns Bill Patzert, a climatologist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab\u003c/a> in Pasadena and an advisor to federal El Niño forecasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says unlike in 1997, the Blob has been a fixture during the current drought. It’s essentially the sidekick of that “\u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/tag/ridiculously-resilient-ridge\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>,” the stubborn bubble of high-pressure that’s been parked off the north coast for the past couple of years, diverting winter storms up and around California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_172832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 580px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-172832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg\" alt='The \"Blob\" is associated with the persistent ridge of high pressure that has detoured the winter storm track around California.' width=\"580\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg 580w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753-400x440.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Blob” is associated with the persistent ridge of high pressure that has detoured the winter storm track around California. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And so the question is, who wins in the battle of the Blob and the El Niño,” says Patzert, “and what impact that’ll have on rainfall on the West Coast of the U.S. this fall, into the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert says if the Blob and its ridge dominate, we could wring less water out of this El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re having here is battling blobs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone’s on the edge of their seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t fit with my concept of how things work,” says Trenberth. On the contrary, he maintains, the presence of all this warm water — especially close to the coast — could mean heavier rains from the storms we do get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Mixed Blessing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential in California for rains to be torrential this winter is quite high because of the warm water,” Trenberth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because, as a general rule, the warmer the water, the more moisture gets picked up by the atmosphere and by any emerging storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_173701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-173701\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png\" alt=\"Ocean waters near California have warmed further in recent weeks, and remain far above normal. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-400x300.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-960x720.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ocean waters near California have warmed further in recent weeks, and remain far above normal. \u003ccite>(NOAA RTG)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those storms are apt to pick up moisture from any warm water that’s lying around all along the West Coast,” says Trenberth, “and it just feeds those storms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be both good and bad news. While the reservoirs refill, the rivers could easily overfill, causing flooding and landslides — much like in 1997-98. Trenberth will take that glass as half-full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way things are shaping up it sure looks like an end to the drought to me,” he says, “depending on how you define the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert agrees the current El Niño is looking like a monster — “Godzilla,” to use his favorite moniker. But he’s concerned the Blob and its ridge could become at least partial spoilers, blocking out storms from the northern Pacific, leaving the door open only for El Niño-driven storms from the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean Southern California gets a soaking, but the northern part of the state — where most of the major reservoirs are — misses out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is almost certainly going to be a dividing line,” says Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain. “And it’s possible that dividing line could occur somewhere in Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert hopes that isn’t the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that happens, I’m definitely going to have to go into witness protection,” he frets, “because ‘my’ El Niño, the Great Wet Hope, will only deliver half the package.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever we get, it’s a package that won’t be delivered for at least three months, when California’s long-awaited “rainy” season is due.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1002,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 32
},
"modified": 1704931459,
"excerpt": "One climate scientist postulates that the high pressure behind freakishly warm northern waters could put a flow restrictor on El Niño.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "One climate scientist postulates that the high pressure behind freakishly warm northern waters could put a flow restrictor on El Niño.",
"title": "Possible Spoiler for El Niño: A 'Battle of the Blobs' | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Possible Spoiler for El Niño: A 'Battle of the Blobs'",
"datePublished": "2015-08-09T09:00:44-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:04:19-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/",
"sticky": false,
"source": "KQED Science ",
"path": "/science/171201/possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/08/20150810ScienceBattleoftheBlobs.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/08/20150810ScienceBattleoftheBlobs.mp3\u003cbr>\nHopeful Californians are looking to the Pacific this winter for an end to California’s most punishing drought on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason: what appears to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/3323\">a monster El Niño in the making\u003c/a>. The abnormally warm waters along the equator \u003cem>could\u003c/em> mean a wet winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no guarantees, but there have been portents. On one Saturday in July, San Diego got more rain than it got the entire month of January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same month, ESPN broadcaster Dan Shulman broke the news to baseball fans from underneath a golf umbrella: “For the first time in 20 years, a game has been postponed because of rain here in Anaheim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can thank Dolores for that, a hurricane that managed to make it farther north than normal. The intense Pacific hurricane season \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20150716/hurricane-dolores-el-nixf1o-bring-big-waves-to-southern-california-beaches\">bears the fingerprints\u003c/a> of El Niño, which is already getting hyped as a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/09/el-nino-update-californias-great-wet-hope-continues-to-build/\">potential drought-buster.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, and deservedly so,” says Kevin Trenberth, a Distinguished Senior Scientist at the \u003ca href=\"https://ncar.ucar.edu/\">National Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/a> in Boulder, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For this time of year, the El Niño is as strong as it’s ever been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26565\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26565 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/Ridiculously-Reilent-Ridge-graphic-e1422040126985-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storms headed for the California coast run into the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, represented by the “H” in this graphic. (David Pierce/ KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strength in this case is measured by how much warmer surface temperatures are than normal, in the tropical Pacific. And this one looks to be about as strong as the legendary \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">El Niño of 1997-98\u003c/a>, which was the strongest on record, peaking at about 2.3 degrees Celsius above normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ocean, a spike of more than two degrees is like sticking a hot poker into the climate system. Pacific storms sucked up moisture from extremely warm equatorial waters and pretty much dumped it on California. San Francisco got double its normal rainfall that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter the Blob\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time around, there are other things brewing in the Pacific: patches of freakishly warm water spread far and wide, up the California coast to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2015/07/blob.html\">persistently warm vortex\u003c/a>, hundreds of miles across, christened by climate scientists as “the Blob.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is definitely the wildcard with this El Niño,” warns Bill Patzert, a climatologist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab\u003c/a> in Pasadena and an advisor to federal El Niño forecasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says unlike in 1997, the Blob has been a fixture during the current drought. It’s essentially the sidekick of that “\u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/tag/ridiculously-resilient-ridge\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>,” the stubborn bubble of high-pressure that’s been parked off the north coast for the past couple of years, diverting winter storms up and around California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_172832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 580px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-172832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg\" alt='The \"Blob\" is associated with the persistent ridge of high pressure that has detoured the winter storm track around California.' width=\"580\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753.jpg 580w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/high-pressure-ridge-weather-patterns-e1431891275753-400x440.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Blob” is associated with the persistent ridge of high pressure that has detoured the winter storm track around California. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And so the question is, who wins in the battle of the Blob and the El Niño,” says Patzert, “and what impact that’ll have on rainfall on the West Coast of the U.S. this fall, into the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert says if the Blob and its ridge dominate, we could wring less water out of this El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re having here is battling blobs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone’s on the edge of their seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t fit with my concept of how things work,” says Trenberth. On the contrary, he maintains, the presence of all this warm water — especially close to the coast — could mean heavier rains from the storms we do get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Mixed Blessing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential in California for rains to be torrential this winter is quite high because of the warm water,” Trenberth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because, as a general rule, the warmer the water, the more moisture gets picked up by the atmosphere and by any emerging storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_173701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-173701\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png\" alt=\"Ocean waters near California have warmed further in recent weeks, and remain far above normal. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image.png 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-400x300.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/Weather-west-image-960x720.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ocean waters near California have warmed further in recent weeks, and remain far above normal. \u003ccite>(NOAA RTG)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those storms are apt to pick up moisture from any warm water that’s lying around all along the West Coast,” says Trenberth, “and it just feeds those storms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be both good and bad news. While the reservoirs refill, the rivers could easily overfill, causing flooding and landslides — much like in 1997-98. Trenberth will take that glass as half-full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way things are shaping up it sure looks like an end to the drought to me,” he says, “depending on how you define the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert agrees the current El Niño is looking like a monster — “Godzilla,” to use his favorite moniker. But he’s concerned the Blob and its ridge could become at least partial spoilers, blocking out storms from the northern Pacific, leaving the door open only for El Niño-driven storms from the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean Southern California gets a soaking, but the northern part of the state — where most of the major reservoirs are — misses out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is almost certainly going to be a dividing line,” says Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain. “And it’s possible that dividing line could occur somewhere in Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patzert hopes that isn’t the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that happens, I’m definitely going to have to go into witness protection,” he frets, “because ‘my’ El Niño, the Great Wet Hope, will only deliver half the package.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever we get, it’s a package that won’t be delivered for at least three months, when California’s long-awaited “rainy” season is due.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/171201/possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151",
"science_2807"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_40",
"science_43",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_371",
"science_1155",
"science_1004"
],
"featImg": "science_171416",
"label": "source_science_171201"
},
"science_163665": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_163665",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "163665",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1438629196000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1438629196,
"format": "aside",
"title": "President Obama Unveils New Power Plant Rules in 'Clean Power Plan'",
"headTitle": "President Obama Unveils New Power Plant Rules in ‘Clean Power Plan’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/RQ6N8zN3RCA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>NPR\u003cbr>\nby Lucy Perkins and Bill Chappell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPresident Obama formally unveiled his plan to cut power plant emissions — some two years in the making — calling it the “single most important step that America has ever made in the fight against global climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at the White House, the president said the plan includes the first-ever Environmental Protection Agency standards on carbon pollution from U.S. power plants. Over the next few years, each state will have the chance to create its own plan, he said, adding: “We’ll reward the states that take action sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end of his remarks, Obama cited other environmental issues, such as combating acid rain, where efforts have been successful even though it seemed hard at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can figure this stuff out, as long as we’re not lazy about it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president compared the requirement of cutting carbon emissions by 32 percent to taking 166 million cars off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our original post continues:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new push to confront climate change, President Obama is announcing new standards that would cut the amount of carbon pollution produced by America’s power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the first-ever national standards that address carbon pollution from power plants,” according to the Environmental Protection Agency, which adds that power plants are the largest source of carbon pollution in the U.S., generating 32 percent of the total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key elements of the Clean Power Plan include a requirement that would cut the power industry’s carbon pollution by 32 percent below 2005 levels in the next 15 years. The plan also seeks to boost renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House says that between now and 2015, the changes will mean better health for Americans – preventing up to 3,600 premature deaths – along with bringing energy savings for U.S. consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the plan \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan\">at the Environmental Protection Agency’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Scott Horsley reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“The final version of the EPA’s clean power plan requires somewhat deeper cuts in power plant emissions than a draft version made public a year ago. The power plant rule is the centerpiece of President Obama’s broader climate agenda. And he’s urging other big countries to take similarly aggressive action in advance of an international climate summit in Paris later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opponents, including Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell, have promised to fight the climate rule, and they’re urging states not to comply with the EPA regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The final rule does provide a somewhat more flexibile timeline for power companies, with the deadline for action pushed back two years to 2022.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The president is announcing the plan along with EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy and Surgeon General Vivek Murthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the plan Monday, the EPA also said, “2014 was the hottest year in recorded history, and 14 of the 15 warmest years on record have all occurred in the first 15 years of this century.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=President+Obama+Unveils+New+Power+Plant+Rules+In+%27Clean+Power+Plan%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 547,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704931482,
"excerpt": "Key elements of the Clean Power Plan include a requirement that would cut the power industry's carbon pollution by 32 percent below 2005 levels in the next 15 years.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Key elements of the Clean Power Plan include a requirement that would cut the power industry's carbon pollution by 32 percent below 2005 levels in the next 15 years.",
"title": "President Obama Unveils New Power Plant Rules in 'Clean Power Plan' | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "President Obama Unveils New Power Plant Rules in 'Clean Power Plan'",
"datePublished": "2015-08-03T12:13:16-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:04:42-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "president-obama-unveils-new-power-plant-rules-in-clean-power-plan",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=429044707&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 03 Aug 2015 14:10:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 03 Aug 2015 14:51:30 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/08/03/429044707/president-obama-set-to-unveil-new-power-plant-rules-in-clean-power-plan?ft=nprml&f=429044707",
"nprStoryId": "429044707",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Mon, 03 Aug 2015 14:51:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/163665/president-obama-unveils-new-power-plant-rules-in-clean-power-plan",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://youtu.be/RQ6N8zN3RCA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>NPR\u003cbr>\nby Lucy Perkins and Bill Chappell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPresident Obama formally unveiled his plan to cut power plant emissions — some two years in the making — calling it the “single most important step that America has ever made in the fight against global climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at the White House, the president said the plan includes the first-ever Environmental Protection Agency standards on carbon pollution from U.S. power plants. Over the next few years, each state will have the chance to create its own plan, he said, adding: “We’ll reward the states that take action sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end of his remarks, Obama cited other environmental issues, such as combating acid rain, where efforts have been successful even though it seemed hard at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can figure this stuff out, as long as we’re not lazy about it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president compared the requirement of cutting carbon emissions by 32 percent to taking 166 million cars off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our original post continues:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new push to confront climate change, President Obama is announcing new standards that would cut the amount of carbon pollution produced by America’s power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the first-ever national standards that address carbon pollution from power plants,” according to the Environmental Protection Agency, which adds that power plants are the largest source of carbon pollution in the U.S., generating 32 percent of the total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key elements of the Clean Power Plan include a requirement that would cut the power industry’s carbon pollution by 32 percent below 2005 levels in the next 15 years. The plan also seeks to boost renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House says that between now and 2015, the changes will mean better health for Americans – preventing up to 3,600 premature deaths – along with bringing energy savings for U.S. consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the plan \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan\">at the Environmental Protection Agency’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Scott Horsley reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“The final version of the EPA’s clean power plan requires somewhat deeper cuts in power plant emissions than a draft version made public a year ago. The power plant rule is the centerpiece of President Obama’s broader climate agenda. And he’s urging other big countries to take similarly aggressive action in advance of an international climate summit in Paris later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opponents, including Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell, have promised to fight the climate rule, and they’re urging states not to comply with the EPA regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The final rule does provide a somewhat more flexibile timeline for power companies, with the deadline for action pushed back two years to 2022.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The president is announcing the plan along with EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy and Surgeon General Vivek Murthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the plan Monday, the EPA also said, “2014 was the hottest year in recorded history, and 14 of the 15 warmest years on record have all occurred in the first 15 years of this century.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=President+Obama+Unveils+New+Power+Plant+Rules+In+%27Clean+Power+Plan%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/163665/president-obama-unveils-new-power-plant-rules-in-clean-power-plan",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_163669",
"label": "science"
},
"science_152652": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_152652",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "152652",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1438384109000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1438384109,
"format": "standard",
"title": "What Happens When The Birds And The Bees Don't Show Up On Time",
"headTitle": "What Happens When The Birds And The Bees Don’t Show Up On Time | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">High summer, with its brown hills and warm bay waters, beckons insects to blooming chaparral plants and songbirds to nest. It all runs according to a complex but precise natural clock. Or at least it’s supposed to.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Scientists are mobilizing platoons of volunteers to track the timing of all this, known as phenology — the study of seasonal events such as flowering and fruiting plants and the migration and reproduction of butterflies, birds, and other animals. Data about these seasonal phenomena will help scientists stay ahead of changes that may be coming with global climate change. As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usanpn.org/about/why-phenology\">USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN)\u003c/a> puts it, phenology is “taking the pulse of our planet.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The changing climate can potentially create mismatches in the timing of plant blooms and presence of pollinators. That’s a concern, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usanpn.org/node/21457\">especially for migratory pollinators \u003c/a>and those in northern latitudes with a narrower time frame for matching up. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"Coyotebrush is one of the plants studied in the California Phenology Project. It's dioecious with separate plants having the male and female flower parts.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-153507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coyotebrush is one of the plants studied in the California Phenology Project. It’s dioecious with separate plants having the male and female flower parts. \u003ccite>(Miguel Vieira/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hummingbirds, for example, depend on certain flowers as way stations along their migration to northern nesting grounds. If the flowers weren’t blooming to support the intensive energy needs of the hummingbirds on their journey, it could spell disaster. Likewise, many of the crops that humans depend on for food and fiber can suffer if the proper pollinators aren’t in the neighborhood at the right time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usanpn.org/cpp/about\">California Phenology Project\u003c/a> was launched in 2010 with support of from the National Park Service in partnership with USA-NPN at 19 sites across the state. They rolled out the project to test data-collection methods and mobilize a volunteer corps of citizen scientists. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Three years of refining training and protocols produced enough data for\u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/10.1890/ES14-00433.1\"> a paper\u003c/a> published in the journal Ecosphere in June. The study tracked four plant species — coyote brush, valley oak, blue elderberry, and California buckwheat — across a variety of habitats. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They monitored each species through leaf budding, flowering, fruiting, and leaf drop and correlated it with climate drivers such as temperature and rainfall. The study determined that the methods and data collected by staff and trained volunteers was sufficient to detect phenological variability across the state and should be replicated in more areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153506\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Citizen scientist volunteers just completed a training at Redwood Regional Park and will be going out on the trail to monitor plant phenology.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-153506\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Citizen scientist volunteers just completed a training at Redwood Regional Park and will be going out on the trail to monitor plant phenology. \u003ccite>(Deborah Zierten/Save the Redwoods League)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/\">East Bay Regional Park District\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/our-work/study/understanding-climate-change/citizen-science/\">Save the Redwoods League \u003c/a> have just partnered on a new project at Redwood Regional Park to monitor the plants there and contribute the data through the Nature’s Notebook monitoring program, part of USA-NPN. Fifteen new citizen scientists just completed the initial training and will be going out to collect data about what’s happening with the plants seasonally. The status of each marked plant will be recorded, from fruiting to the winter leaf drop, early spring leaf budding and spring flowers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If you’re inspired to join the growing group of volunteers watching the plants and animals and their phenology, you can join Nature’s Notebook and go \u003ca href=\"https://www.usanpn.org/about/approach\">online for the training materials on the USA-NPN website\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To join the Regional Park District or Redwoods League, watch for the next \u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/our-work/study/understanding-climate-change/citizen-science/\">Redwood Regional Park training\u003c/a> later this fall. You can monitor the plants and animals in your yard or local park and report your findings on the national database. Now, how cool is that? \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 615,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 5
},
"modified": 1704931489,
"excerpt": "Citizen scientists are mobilizing to track the local phenology, the timing of seasonal changes in the natural world. Here's why it matters.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Citizen scientists are mobilizing to track the local phenology, the timing of seasonal changes in the natural world. Here's why it matters.",
"title": "What Happens When The Birds And The Bees Don't Show Up On Time | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What Happens When The Birds And The Bees Don't Show Up On Time",
"datePublished": "2015-07-31T16:08:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:04:49-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-happens-when-the-birds-and-the-bees-dont-show-up-on-time",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/152652/what-happens-when-the-birds-and-the-bees-dont-show-up-on-time",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">High summer, with its brown hills and warm bay waters, beckons insects to blooming chaparral plants and songbirds to nest. It all runs according to a complex but precise natural clock. Or at least it’s supposed to.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Scientists are mobilizing platoons of volunteers to track the timing of all this, known as phenology — the study of seasonal events such as flowering and fruiting plants and the migration and reproduction of butterflies, birds, and other animals. Data about these seasonal phenomena will help scientists stay ahead of changes that may be coming with global climate change. As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usanpn.org/about/why-phenology\">USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN)\u003c/a> puts it, phenology is “taking the pulse of our planet.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The changing climate can potentially create mismatches in the timing of plant blooms and presence of pollinators. That’s a concern, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usanpn.org/node/21457\">especially for migratory pollinators \u003c/a>and those in northern latitudes with a narrower time frame for matching up. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"Coyotebrush is one of the plants studied in the California Phenology Project. It's dioecious with separate plants having the male and female flower parts.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-153507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Baccharispilularis-bloom.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coyotebrush is one of the plants studied in the California Phenology Project. It’s dioecious with separate plants having the male and female flower parts. \u003ccite>(Miguel Vieira/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hummingbirds, for example, depend on certain flowers as way stations along their migration to northern nesting grounds. If the flowers weren’t blooming to support the intensive energy needs of the hummingbirds on their journey, it could spell disaster. Likewise, many of the crops that humans depend on for food and fiber can suffer if the proper pollinators aren’t in the neighborhood at the right time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usanpn.org/cpp/about\">California Phenology Project\u003c/a> was launched in 2010 with support of from the National Park Service in partnership with USA-NPN at 19 sites across the state. They rolled out the project to test data-collection methods and mobilize a volunteer corps of citizen scientists. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Three years of refining training and protocols produced enough data for\u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/10.1890/ES14-00433.1\"> a paper\u003c/a> published in the journal Ecosphere in June. The study tracked four plant species — coyote brush, valley oak, blue elderberry, and California buckwheat — across a variety of habitats. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They monitored each species through leaf budding, flowering, fruiting, and leaf drop and correlated it with climate drivers such as temperature and rainfall. The study determined that the methods and data collected by staff and trained volunteers was sufficient to detect phenological variability across the state and should be replicated in more areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153506\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Citizen scientist volunteers just completed a training at Redwood Regional Park and will be going out on the trail to monitor plant phenology.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-153506\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Redwood-Phenology-Volunteers-2015.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Citizen scientist volunteers just completed a training at Redwood Regional Park and will be going out on the trail to monitor plant phenology. \u003ccite>(Deborah Zierten/Save the Redwoods League)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/\">East Bay Regional Park District\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/our-work/study/understanding-climate-change/citizen-science/\">Save the Redwoods League \u003c/a> have just partnered on a new project at Redwood Regional Park to monitor the plants there and contribute the data through the Nature’s Notebook monitoring program, part of USA-NPN. Fifteen new citizen scientists just completed the initial training and will be going out to collect data about what’s happening with the plants seasonally. The status of each marked plant will be recorded, from fruiting to the winter leaf drop, early spring leaf budding and spring flowers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If you’re inspired to join the growing group of volunteers watching the plants and animals and their phenology, you can join Nature’s Notebook and go \u003ca href=\"https://www.usanpn.org/about/approach\">online for the training materials on the USA-NPN website\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To join the Regional Park District or Redwoods League, watch for the next \u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/our-work/study/understanding-climate-change/citizen-science/\">Redwood Regional Park training\u003c/a> later this fall. You can monitor the plants and animals in your yard or local park and report your findings on the national database. Now, how cool is that? \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/152652/what-happens-when-the-birds-and-the-bees-dont-show-up-on-time",
"authors": [
"6328"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_31"
],
"tags": [
"science_1490"
],
"featImg": "science_153508",
"label": "science"
},
"science_151663": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_151663",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "151663",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1438228816000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "californians-support-drought-measures-blame-global-warming-for-dry-times",
"title": "Californians Support Drought Measures, Blame Global Warming for Dry Times",
"publishDate": 1438228816,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Californians Support Drought Measures, Blame Global Warming for Dry Times | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 1151,
"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cp>Californians continue to support state and local measures to save water, even if they’re not sure what conservation target they’re trying to hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one impression from the latest drought polling by the Public Policy Institute of California, a nonpartisan research group in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1159\">statewide survey\u003c/a> taken in mid-July, respondents (not surprisingly) cited — by an overwhelming margin — the drought and water supply as the most pressing environmental issue facing California. Fifty-eight percent chose the drought while no other concern, such as air and water pollution, cracked double digits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about Governor Jerry Brown’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/04/state-passes-historic-water-conservation-rules/\">water restrictions\u003c/a>, which mandate a 25 percent statewide reduction in water use, a combined 82 percent of respondents said the target was either “the right amount” or not stringent enough. Only 11 percent said the mandate was too onerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_152112\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-152112\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-800x600.jpg\" alt='Watering that produces visible runoff (\"watering the sidewalk\") is prohibited under state drought rules.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Watering that produces visible runoff (“watering the sidewalk”) is prohibited under state drought rules. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Locally the conservation \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/06/03/what-mandatory-water-cuts-in-cities-throughout-california-look-like-in-three-interactive-maps/\">mandates vary widely\u003c/a>, from a low of 4 percent required savings, all the way up to 36 percent, and a majority of respondents didn’t seem to know what local target they’ve been trying to reach. Sixty-four percent said they did not know what precise reduction their local water district has required of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bit of dissonance brought a verbal shrug from the head of the trade group for the state’s municipal water agencies, who cited high awareness among homeowners, in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t bat a thousand,” says Tim Quinn, executive director of the Association of California Water Agencies. “But we’re not doing too bad, I would argue.” Quinn says he thinks the conservation message is getting through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have turned a corner this summer,” he says. “People in California got it and they’re taking those actions and saving a lot of water, which is the difference between gettin’ by and not gettin’ by.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Connection\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another significant finding, nearly two-thirds of Californians made a connection between the drought — now well into its fourth year — and the changing climate. Sixty-four percent polled said that “global warming has contributed to California’s current drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The operative word there may be “contributed.” While some studies have concluded that climate change was not likely the key causal factor in the drought, it’s widely acknowledged that record-high temperatures — \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">especially last year\u003c/a> — have worsened impacts from the dry weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another lopsided majority of survey respondents — 84 percent — said they expected that global warming would lead to more droughts in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a similarly timed \u003ca href=\"http://californiawaterfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/CA-Water-Foundation-Survey-Memo-7-29-15.pdf\">statewide poll\u003c/a> by the California Water Foundation, about half the respondents rated their concern over the drought as at least 90 on a scale of 100. And a majority said they’d support monthly “water fees” of as much as $4, to support projects to help ensure an adequate water supply.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "The drought eclipses all other environmental concerns by a wide margin -- and many say mandated water cuts aren't stringent enough.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1725578310,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 15,
"wordCount": 526
},
"headData": {
"title": "Californians Support Drought Measures, Blame Global Warming for Dry Times | KQED",
"description": "The drought eclipses all other environmental concerns by a wide margin -- and many say mandated water cuts aren't stringent enough.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Californians Support Drought Measures, Blame Global Warming for Dry Times",
"datePublished": "2015-07-29T21:00:16-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-09-05T16:18:30-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/151663/californians-support-drought-measures-blame-global-warming-for-dry-times",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians continue to support state and local measures to save water, even if they’re not sure what conservation target they’re trying to hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one impression from the latest drought polling by the Public Policy Institute of California, a nonpartisan research group in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1159\">statewide survey\u003c/a> taken in mid-July, respondents (not surprisingly) cited — by an overwhelming margin — the drought and water supply as the most pressing environmental issue facing California. Fifty-eight percent chose the drought while no other concern, such as air and water pollution, cracked double digits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about Governor Jerry Brown’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/04/state-passes-historic-water-conservation-rules/\">water restrictions\u003c/a>, which mandate a 25 percent statewide reduction in water use, a combined 82 percent of respondents said the target was either “the right amount” or not stringent enough. Only 11 percent said the mandate was too onerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_152112\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-152112\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-800x600.jpg\" alt='Watering that produces visible runoff (\"watering the sidewalk\") is prohibited under state drought rules.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_3502.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Watering that produces visible runoff (“watering the sidewalk”) is prohibited under state drought rules. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Locally the conservation \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/06/03/what-mandatory-water-cuts-in-cities-throughout-california-look-like-in-three-interactive-maps/\">mandates vary widely\u003c/a>, from a low of 4 percent required savings, all the way up to 36 percent, and a majority of respondents didn’t seem to know what local target they’ve been trying to reach. Sixty-four percent said they did not know what precise reduction their local water district has required of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bit of dissonance brought a verbal shrug from the head of the trade group for the state’s municipal water agencies, who cited high awareness among homeowners, in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t bat a thousand,” says Tim Quinn, executive director of the Association of California Water Agencies. “But we’re not doing too bad, I would argue.” Quinn says he thinks the conservation message is getting through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have turned a corner this summer,” he says. “People in California got it and they’re taking those actions and saving a lot of water, which is the difference between gettin’ by and not gettin’ by.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Connection\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another significant finding, nearly two-thirds of Californians made a connection between the drought — now well into its fourth year — and the changing climate. Sixty-four percent polled said that “global warming has contributed to California’s current drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The operative word there may be “contributed.” While some studies have concluded that climate change was not likely the key causal factor in the drought, it’s widely acknowledged that record-high temperatures — \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/14/high-temps-intensified-california-drought/\">especially last year\u003c/a> — have worsened impacts from the dry weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another lopsided majority of survey respondents — 84 percent — said they expected that global warming would lead to more droughts in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a similarly timed \u003ca href=\"http://californiawaterfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/CA-Water-Foundation-Survey-Memo-7-29-15.pdf\">statewide poll\u003c/a> by the California Water Foundation, about half the respondents rated their concern over the drought as at least 90 on a scale of 100. And a majority said they’d support monthly “water fees” of as much as $4, to support projects to help ensure an adequate water supply.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/151663/californians-support-drought-measures-blame-global-warming-for-dry-times",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1622",
"science_194"
],
"featImg": "science_152115",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_139910": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_139910",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "139910",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1438002027000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1438002027,
"format": "audio",
"title": "How Do You Make Greener Fuel? Copy a Leaf",
"headTitle": "How Do You Make Greener Fuel? Copy a Leaf | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/07/20150727ScienceFrankenLeaf.mp3\u003cbr>\nThe fuel Californians burn getting around in cars and trucks is a big driver of climate change, accounting for more than a third of the carbon pollution the state puts out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Berkeley are hoping to reverse that trend that by making fuel that doesn’t come from oil or other fossil fuels. Instead, they’re turning to renewable and abundant materials, like sunlight and carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound familiar? Green plants have already cracked the code of how to survive on light, carbon dioxide and water, through the process of photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nature has really given us a lot of things to be wowed and amazed by,” says \u003ca href=\"http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/faculty/chem/chris-chang\">Chris Chang\u003c/a>, a professor at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\">University of California, Berkeley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>. Even the lowly weeds growing outside his chemistry lab are an inspiration for this work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139911\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-139911\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1440x1031.jpg\" alt='UC Berkeley scientist Chris Chang demonstrates his \"artificial leaf\" - living microbes that absorb energy from a solar panel.' width=\"640\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1440x1031.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-400x286.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1400x1003.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-960x688.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.C. Berkeley scientist Chris Chang demonstrates his “artificial leaf” — living microbes that absorb energy from a solar panel. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What we want to do is take that idea,” he says, “the idea of making something useful from water, carbon dioxide and light — things that are freely abundant, freely sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds simple, but scientists have spent decades trying to understand photosynthesis and copy it in the lab, in the hope that “artificial leaves” could one day make fuel for our cars, using carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang, along with his colleagues Peidong Yang and Michelle Chang, have come up with their \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/04/16/major-advance-in-artificial-photosynthesis/\">own prototype\u003c/a>, but it looks nothing like a leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s essentially like a fancy cup,” he says, “and we have a broth, a soup, which has got bacteria or yeast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microbes are good at making complex substances, Chang says. In your kitchen, they help make yogurt or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/11/science-of-beer-tapping-the-power-of-brewers-yeast/\">beer\u003c/a>. He and his colleagues bioengineered microbes, changing their DNA to make other things — like biodiesel or the chemicals that make up plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing we ended up making was actually natural gas,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the microbes don’t normally run on sunlight, like a plant does. Chang could capture sunlight with a small solar panel, but the bacteria wouldn’t be able to harvest the energy and use it on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is sort of our Frankenstein-type of experiment, but if Frankenstein was solar-powered.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Chris Chang, U.C. Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So, Chang and his colleagues built something that can transfer the energy to the microbes; they built it using nanotechnology. “Something that’s way too small to see,” he says. “Orders of magnitude thinner than a human hair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As small as the bacteria themselves — designed just for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bacteria are like Easter-egg shaped,” he says, “and then we have nanomaterials that sit like blades of grass, sort of sticking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacteria sit within that “nanotech grass” and absorb the energy from the solar panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, Chang and his team electrified life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sort of our Frankenstein-type of experiment, but if Frankenstein was solar-powered,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team’s Frankenstein solution was no simple feat. It took several labs of chemists and biologists, who don’t normally work together, to marry a living system with a man-made one. In early versions of the prototype, the nano-materials killed off the microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-139913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web-400x434.jpg\" alt='Microbes absorb energy from a field of \"nanotech grass.\"' width=\"400\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web-400x434.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web.jpg 666w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microbes absorb energy from a field of “nanotech grass.” \u003ccite>(Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The research is still in the early stages and Chang says they’re working to double the efficiency of the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, looking decades ahead, the hope is that jugs of these solar-powered microbes could sit in our garages, pumping out biodiesel for our cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Photosynthesis is just an absolute marvel of nature,” says \u003ca href=\"http://solarfuelshub.org/personnel/harry-atwater.html\">Harry Atwater\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://solarfuelshub.org/\">Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis\u003c/a> (JCAP). “So it offers a really powerful template and example for us to follow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JCAP is a collaboration of four California institutions, including Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, and was launched five years ago with $120 million from the federal Department of Energy. The goal is to use sunlight to make liquid fuels, which are used by the transportation industry because they’re more easily stored than electricity is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very unlikely that anytime soon either you or I are going to take a flight on an electric-powered airplane,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is working on creating “artificial leaves” purely through man-made chemistry, unlike Chang’s system that uses living microbes. What it’ll cost to make the fuel, and what people will pay for it are both unknown. But Atwater hopes to create usable fuels at a large scale within a generation, a pace that would mirror the success of rooftop solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember when I was a kid, the idea of a photovoltaic industry that would produce significant power seemed like a far-fetched idea,” he says. “So that’s the sort of thing that gives me ultimate and profound optimism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says, copying green plants and turning carbon dioxide into fuel source, instead of a pollutant, would be a much-needed climate change solution.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 918,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 27
},
"modified": 1704931520,
"excerpt": "For millennia, plants have made fuel out of sunlight and carbon dioxide. But it's not so easy to do in the lab.\r\n",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "For millennia, plants have made fuel out of sunlight and carbon dioxide. But it's not so easy to do in the lab.\r\n",
"title": "How Do You Make Greener Fuel? Copy a Leaf | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "How Do You Make Greener Fuel? Copy a Leaf",
"datePublished": "2015-07-27T06:00:27-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:05:20-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "how-do-you-make-greener-fuel-copy-a-leaf",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/139910/how-do-you-make-greener-fuel-copy-a-leaf",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/07/20150727ScienceFrankenLeaf.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/07/20150727ScienceFrankenLeaf.mp3\u003cbr>\nThe fuel Californians burn getting around in cars and trucks is a big driver of climate change, accounting for more than a third of the carbon pollution the state puts out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Berkeley are hoping to reverse that trend that by making fuel that doesn’t come from oil or other fossil fuels. Instead, they’re turning to renewable and abundant materials, like sunlight and carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound familiar? Green plants have already cracked the code of how to survive on light, carbon dioxide and water, through the process of photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nature has really given us a lot of things to be wowed and amazed by,” says \u003ca href=\"http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/faculty/chem/chris-chang\">Chris Chang\u003c/a>, a professor at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\">University of California, Berkeley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>. Even the lowly weeds growing outside his chemistry lab are an inspiration for this work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139911\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-139911\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1440x1031.jpg\" alt='UC Berkeley scientist Chris Chang demonstrates his \"artificial leaf\" - living microbes that absorb energy from a solar panel.' width=\"640\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1440x1031.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-400x286.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1400x1003.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-960x688.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.C. Berkeley scientist Chris Chang demonstrates his “artificial leaf” — living microbes that absorb energy from a solar panel. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What we want to do is take that idea,” he says, “the idea of making something useful from water, carbon dioxide and light — things that are freely abundant, freely sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds simple, but scientists have spent decades trying to understand photosynthesis and copy it in the lab, in the hope that “artificial leaves” could one day make fuel for our cars, using carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang, along with his colleagues Peidong Yang and Michelle Chang, have come up with their \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/04/16/major-advance-in-artificial-photosynthesis/\">own prototype\u003c/a>, but it looks nothing like a leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s essentially like a fancy cup,” he says, “and we have a broth, a soup, which has got bacteria or yeast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microbes are good at making complex substances, Chang says. In your kitchen, they help make yogurt or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/11/science-of-beer-tapping-the-power-of-brewers-yeast/\">beer\u003c/a>. He and his colleagues bioengineered microbes, changing their DNA to make other things — like biodiesel or the chemicals that make up plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing we ended up making was actually natural gas,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the microbes don’t normally run on sunlight, like a plant does. Chang could capture sunlight with a small solar panel, but the bacteria wouldn’t be able to harvest the energy and use it on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is sort of our Frankenstein-type of experiment, but if Frankenstein was solar-powered.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Chris Chang, U.C. Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So, Chang and his colleagues built something that can transfer the energy to the microbes; they built it using nanotechnology. “Something that’s way too small to see,” he says. “Orders of magnitude thinner than a human hair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As small as the bacteria themselves — designed just for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bacteria are like Easter-egg shaped,” he says, “and then we have nanomaterials that sit like blades of grass, sort of sticking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacteria sit within that “nanotech grass” and absorb the energy from the solar panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, Chang and his team electrified life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sort of our Frankenstein-type of experiment, but if Frankenstein was solar-powered,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team’s Frankenstein solution was no simple feat. It took several labs of chemists and biologists, who don’t normally work together, to marry a living system with a man-made one. In early versions of the prototype, the nano-materials killed off the microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-139913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web-400x434.jpg\" alt='Microbes absorb energy from a field of \"nanotech grass.\"' width=\"400\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web-400x434.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web.jpg 666w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microbes absorb energy from a field of “nanotech grass.” \u003ccite>(Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The research is still in the early stages and Chang says they’re working to double the efficiency of the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, looking decades ahead, the hope is that jugs of these solar-powered microbes could sit in our garages, pumping out biodiesel for our cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Photosynthesis is just an absolute marvel of nature,” says \u003ca href=\"http://solarfuelshub.org/personnel/harry-atwater.html\">Harry Atwater\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://solarfuelshub.org/\">Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis\u003c/a> (JCAP). “So it offers a really powerful template and example for us to follow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JCAP is a collaboration of four California institutions, including Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, and was launched five years ago with $120 million from the federal Department of Energy. The goal is to use sunlight to make liquid fuels, which are used by the transportation industry because they’re more easily stored than electricity is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very unlikely that anytime soon either you or I are going to take a flight on an electric-powered airplane,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is working on creating “artificial leaves” purely through man-made chemistry, unlike Chang’s system that uses living microbes. What it’ll cost to make the fuel, and what people will pay for it are both unknown. But Atwater hopes to create usable fuels at a large scale within a generation, a pace that would mirror the success of rooftop solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember when I was a kid, the idea of a photovoltaic industry that would produce significant power seemed like a far-fetched idea,” he says. “So that’s the sort of thing that gives me ultimate and profound optimism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says, copying green plants and turning carbon dioxide into fuel source, instead of a pollutant, would be a much-needed climate change solution.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/139910/how-do-you-make-greener-fuel-copy-a-leaf",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_30",
"science_29",
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_1404",
"science_194",
"science_134"
],
"featImg": "science_139914",
"label": "science"
},
"science_133575": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_133575",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "133575",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1437598046000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1437598046,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Drought Toll: First Your Lawn, Now Your Trees",
"headTitle": "California Drought Toll: First Your Lawn, Now Your Trees | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>By now, most Californians have gotten the message: let the lawn go. There’s a drought on. Many have turned off their sprinkler systems all together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has meant some collateral damage, however; along with the grass, trees are dying, too, and those are valuable in lots of ways lawns are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Rachael Myrow talks with Igor Laćan, an urban forestry advisor with UC’s Cooperative Extension, about the implications of losing our trees, and how to prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees that are obviously dead and dying are a safety hazard, a fire hazard, and potentially a lawsuit waiting to happen. Laćan raises some compelling reasons to rescue struggling trees, though, like the boost they give to property values. Healthy trees also provide shade, filter the air, and generally make cities more “livable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other questions Laćan takes on:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Does it matter if the tree on your lawn is native?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re letting your lawn die, how do you keep your trees alive without attracting the attention of neighborhood drought-shamers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There’s a big, brewing El Nino out in the Pacific that could portend a punishing storm season this winter. What’s that’s likely to do to drought-weakened trees?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are Bay Area cities and counties doing to avoid becoming bleak, sun-baked deserts?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/215772659″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 245,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1704931530,
"excerpt": "The prolonged drought is starting to take its toll on urban trees. We talk to an expert on what that means -- and what to do about it.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The prolonged drought is starting to take its toll on urban trees. We talk to an expert on what that means -- and what to do about it.",
"title": "California Drought Toll: First Your Lawn, Now Your Trees | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Drought Toll: First Your Lawn, Now Your Trees",
"datePublished": "2015-07-22T13:47:26-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:05:30-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-drought-toll-first-your-lawn-now-your-trees",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/133575/california-drought-toll-first-your-lawn-now-your-trees",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By now, most Californians have gotten the message: let the lawn go. There’s a drought on. Many have turned off their sprinkler systems all together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has meant some collateral damage, however; along with the grass, trees are dying, too, and those are valuable in lots of ways lawns are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Rachael Myrow talks with Igor Laćan, an urban forestry advisor with UC’s Cooperative Extension, about the implications of losing our trees, and how to prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees that are obviously dead and dying are a safety hazard, a fire hazard, and potentially a lawsuit waiting to happen. Laćan raises some compelling reasons to rescue struggling trees, though, like the boost they give to property values. Healthy trees also provide shade, filter the air, and generally make cities more “livable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other questions Laćan takes on:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Does it matter if the tree on your lawn is native?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re letting your lawn die, how do you keep your trees alive without attracting the attention of neighborhood drought-shamers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There’s a big, brewing El Nino out in the Pacific that could portend a punishing storm season this winter. What’s that’s likely to do to drought-weakened trees?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are Bay Area cities and counties doing to avoid becoming bleak, sun-baked deserts?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='undefined' height='undefined'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/215772659″&visual=true&undefined'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/215772659″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/133575/california-drought-toll-first-your-lawn-now-your-trees",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"featImg": "science_30065",
"label": "science"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=climate": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 1284,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 1586,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_206191",
"science_186893",
"science_190905",
"science_185601",
"science_188276",
"science_183555",
"science_171201",
"science_163665",
"science_152652",
"science_151663",
"science_139910",
"science_133575"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_climate": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"source_science_171201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_171201",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Science ",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_1622": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1622",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1622",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1631,
"slug": "california-drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california-drought"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_365": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_365",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "365",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "weather",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "weather Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 371,
"slug": "weather",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/weather"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_1155": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1155",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1155",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pacific ocean",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pacific ocean Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1164,
"slug": "pacific-ocean",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pacific-ocean"
},
"science_28": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_28",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "28",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Astronomy",
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"title": "Astronomy Articles | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 30,
"slug": "astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/astronomy"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_1151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Drought Watch",
"description": "\u003cem>What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n[iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"]\r\n\r\n\u003cem>We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the \u003ca href=\"#background\">background\u003c/a> and rounding up \u003ca href=\"#river\">all the stories\u003c/a> we’ve produced.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Relief at Last\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. [http_redir]",
"title": "Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1160,
"slug": "california-drought-watch",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/california-drought-watch"
},
"science_371": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_371",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "371",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "el nino",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "el nino Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 377,
"slug": "el-nino",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/el-nino"
},
"science_5194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "CAL FIRE",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "CAL FIRE Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5194,
"slug": "cal-fire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/cal-fire"
},
"science_113": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_113",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "113",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wildfire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wildfire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 117,
"slug": "wildfire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wildfire"
},
"science_2807": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2807",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2807",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Our Top 10 Stories of 2015",
"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_417388\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"800\"]\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-417388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Chino-hills-storm-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A storm approaching Chino Hills, California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" /> A storm approaching Chino Hills, California.[/caption]\r\n\r\nA \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/21/berkeley-corpse-flower-blooming-soon-in-all-its-disgusting-glory/\">stinking corpse flower\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/27/ice-volcanoes-on-pluto-whats-next/\">ice volcanoes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/13/watch-flesh-eating-beetles-strip-bodies-to-the-bone/\">flesh-eating beetles\u003c/a> are a few of the natural phenomena we profiled this year. But El Niño, by far, topped our list of most popular coverage.\r\n\r\nFrom KQED Science's 200+ stories in 2015, we selected the 10 most viewed. Bookmark this page so you can return to them!",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_417388\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"800\"] A storm approaching Chino Hills, California.[/caption] A stinking corpse flower, ice volcanoes and flesh-eating beetles are a few of the natural phenomena we profiled this year. But El Niño, by far, topped our list of most popular coverage. From KQED Science's 200+ stories in 2015, we selected the 10 most viewed. Bookmark this page so you can return to them!",
"title": "Our Top 10 Stories of 2015 Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2807,
"slug": "top-10",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/top-10"
},
"science_1004": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1004",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1004",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "precipitation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "precipitation Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1012,
"slug": "precipitation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/precipitation"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_1490": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1490",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1490",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1499,
"slug": "global-climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-climate-change"
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_29": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_29",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "29",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 31,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/chemistry"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_1404": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1404",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1404",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carbon dioxide",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carbon dioxide Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1413,
"slug": "carbon-dioxide",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/carbon-dioxide"
},
"science_134": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_134",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "134",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 138,
"slug": "energy-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/energy-2"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
