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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/3121064673_7457e5e1a7_b.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"alien\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-15669\">\u003cem>Photo by Tama Leaver via Flickr\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I had the pleasure of attending \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/seticon2010\">SETIcon\u003c/a> last year, a weekend in mid-August focused both on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, astronomy and modern day science fiction. While there’s no indication that SETIcon will be happening this year, SETI is organizing “Celebrate Science”, an interactive family science fair on July 23rd at their Mountain View campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If, like me, you have traditionally though of SETI as an organization that searches for little green men, you’ll be pleasantly surprised to learn that SETI’s goals, projects and objectives have a significant impact on modern day science. “Celebrate Science” sounds like a great opportunities for families to learn more about SETI and what lies ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Celebrate Science” is a family event focused on activities for kids from 8 to 15. There will be a variety of hands on activities, such as learning more about the Institute’s involvement with the Kepler mission, its ongoing search for life in space and even a solar telescope to take a close up look at what’s happening on the sun!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The father of SETI and author of the Drake Equation, Dr. Frank Drake will be in attendance and Seth Shostak will be speaking about SETI and his book, “Confessions of an Alien Hunter”. Moreover, this event is free to attend. More information can be learned on \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/celebratingscience2011\">SETI’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, SETI has fallen on hard times, with the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) being forced into hibernation due to lack of funds. The ATA comprises 42 telescopes in Northern California that scan for radio signals from outer space, searching for intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. In response to this funding deficit, SETI recently launched SETIstars, a kickstarter to raise $200,000 to bring the ATA back online. With 17 days left, its reached nearly half its goal but could still use help. If you’d like to donate or learn more, visit\u003ca href=\"https://setistars.org/donations/new\"> SETIstars\u003c/a>, and help SETI bring back the ATA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7667851 -122.4125425\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/3121064673_7457e5e1a7_b.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"alien\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-15669\">\u003cem>Photo by Tama Leaver via Flickr\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I had the pleasure of attending \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/seticon2010\">SETIcon\u003c/a> last year, a weekend in mid-August focused both on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, astronomy and modern day science fiction. While there’s no indication that SETIcon will be happening this year, SETI is organizing “Celebrate Science”, an interactive family science fair on July 23rd at their Mountain View campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If, like me, you have traditionally though of SETI as an organization that searches for little green men, you’ll be pleasantly surprised to learn that SETI’s goals, projects and objectives have a significant impact on modern day science. “Celebrate Science” sounds like a great opportunities for families to learn more about SETI and what lies ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Celebrate Science” is a family event focused on activities for kids from 8 to 15. There will be a variety of hands on activities, such as learning more about the Institute’s involvement with the Kepler mission, its ongoing search for life in space and even a solar telescope to take a close up look at what’s happening on the sun!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The father of SETI and author of the Drake Equation, Dr. Frank Drake will be in attendance and Seth Shostak will be speaking about SETI and his book, “Confessions of an Alien Hunter”. Moreover, this event is free to attend. More information can be learned on \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/celebratingscience2011\">SETI’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, SETI has fallen on hard times, with the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) being forced into hibernation due to lack of funds. The ATA comprises 42 telescopes in Northern California that scan for radio signals from outer space, searching for intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. In response to this funding deficit, SETI recently launched SETIstars, a kickstarter to raise $200,000 to bring the ATA back online. With 17 days left, its reached nearly half its goal but could still use help. If you’d like to donate or learn more, visit\u003ca href=\"https://setistars.org/donations/new\"> SETIstars\u003c/a>, and help SETI bring back the ATA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7667851 -122.4125425\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince.jpg\">\u003cem>Illustration from The Little Prince\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are soon to explore a new world, one that we haven't seen up close before: the asteroid Vesta. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/main/index.html\">NASA's Dawn\u003c/a> spacecraft, which has been conducting maneuvers for the past four years to get into position to orbit Vesta, will arrive at the asteroid in early August—a la Star Wars, \"Almost there….\" What will we find, and why are we even interested in what amounts to a mega-mountain of rock hurtling through space?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've been intrigued by asteroids since I read The Little Prince in childhood. I loved the whole idea of the Solar System filled with uncounted miniature \"personal planets,\" each with one occupant and all the solitude and spare time one might wish. Never mind that the asteroids in that story (not much bigger than houses, if even that) are too small for hydrodynamic equilibrium to shape them into spheres or to hold onto any sort of atmosphere….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much attention has been given to the planets as good places to explore, but the smaller bodies orbiting the Sun have a lot to tell us. They are composed of materials that may have been altered very little, if at all, since the earliest times in the formation of the Solar System. They also bear the marks—features of the processes of their formation, scars of collisions—of the eons of their existence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn's \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/86474/dawn-closing-in-on-asteroid-vesta-as-views-exceed-hubble/\">mission to Vesta\u003c/a>--and ultimately on to the larger Ceres—might be characterized as a Solar-System-scale geological expedition. Much as geologists may probe a deep layer of rock on Earth to learn about our planet's geological past and evolution, Dawn will be probing Vesta and Ceres to \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20621-asteroid-protoplanet-may-hold-clues-to-earth-formation.html\">learn about the Solar System's formation and development\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vesta and Ceres—classified as asteroid and dwarf planet, respectively—are the two largest protoplanets, each quite different from the other in potentially informative ways. Vesta is a dry airless body, while Ceres may contain water (ice) and maybe even a thin atmosphere. Being protoplanets, both objects went through a process of differentiation early in their history, forming a core and a crust not unlike planets do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we understand the formation of the Solar System today, both from exploration of our own and observation of other planetary and pre-planetary systems at different stages of development, it all started with the Protosolar Nebula: the cloud of gas and dust that began the long gravitational collapse that ultimately gave birth to the Sun, planets, asteroids, and comets. Little by little, dust particles in the nebula stuck together, forming larger and larger clumps. Eventually, gravity began to play a stronger role in the clumping process, with the larger clumps pulling in more and more dust and neighboring clumps, snowballing ever larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clumps that reached sizes of a mile or so across earned the title \"planetesimal,\" and when planetesimals grew into objects hundreds of miles across, they graduated to the rank of protoplanet. This career ladder climbing went on until most of the raw material had been swept up. At this point, if the snowballing process had produced a Sun-orbiting object that was large enough to pull itself into a spherical shape and also \"dominate\" the region of space it was in (according to International Astronomical Union requirements), then it could be called a planet. If not, other classifications, like dwarf planet or small Solar System body, might apply…if you have a complaint, register it with the IAU….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Vesta and Ceres, which are on the order of 300 and 600 miles across, roughly and respectively, their career aspirations in planetary stature building are thought to have been crushed by the formation of Jupiter—perhaps as how a type-A personality with powerful career ambitions might derail a coworker by grabbing all the promotions….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What world might have been if Vesta and Ceres had finished their work and not ended up in the Mail Room of the Solar System? Well, if you took all of the material present in the Main Asteroid Belt today and brought it together into one object, orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, you would have a sphere probably no bigger than 900 miles across—less than half the diameter of Earth's Moon—so at best it might rate as a dwarf planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it is believed that most of the original mass of the Main Belt has been lost, scattered to other places in the Solar System by that ambitious Jupiter…so who knows what this world that never was might have been if circumstances had been different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince.jpg\">\u003cem>Illustration from The Little Prince\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are soon to explore a new world, one that we haven't seen up close before: the asteroid Vesta. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/main/index.html\">NASA's Dawn\u003c/a> spacecraft, which has been conducting maneuvers for the past four years to get into position to orbit Vesta, will arrive at the asteroid in early August—a la Star Wars, \"Almost there….\" What will we find, and why are we even interested in what amounts to a mega-mountain of rock hurtling through space?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've been intrigued by asteroids since I read The Little Prince in childhood. I loved the whole idea of the Solar System filled with uncounted miniature \"personal planets,\" each with one occupant and all the solitude and spare time one might wish. Never mind that the asteroids in that story (not much bigger than houses, if even that) are too small for hydrodynamic equilibrium to shape them into spheres or to hold onto any sort of atmosphere….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much attention has been given to the planets as good places to explore, but the smaller bodies orbiting the Sun have a lot to tell us. They are composed of materials that may have been altered very little, if at all, since the earliest times in the formation of the Solar System. They also bear the marks—features of the processes of their formation, scars of collisions—of the eons of their existence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn's \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/86474/dawn-closing-in-on-asteroid-vesta-as-views-exceed-hubble/\">mission to Vesta\u003c/a>--and ultimately on to the larger Ceres—might be characterized as a Solar-System-scale geological expedition. Much as geologists may probe a deep layer of rock on Earth to learn about our planet's geological past and evolution, Dawn will be probing Vesta and Ceres to \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20621-asteroid-protoplanet-may-hold-clues-to-earth-formation.html\">learn about the Solar System's formation and development\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vesta and Ceres—classified as asteroid and dwarf planet, respectively—are the two largest protoplanets, each quite different from the other in potentially informative ways. Vesta is a dry airless body, while Ceres may contain water (ice) and maybe even a thin atmosphere. Being protoplanets, both objects went through a process of differentiation early in their history, forming a core and a crust not unlike planets do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we understand the formation of the Solar System today, both from exploration of our own and observation of other planetary and pre-planetary systems at different stages of development, it all started with the Protosolar Nebula: the cloud of gas and dust that began the long gravitational collapse that ultimately gave birth to the Sun, planets, asteroids, and comets. Little by little, dust particles in the nebula stuck together, forming larger and larger clumps. Eventually, gravity began to play a stronger role in the clumping process, with the larger clumps pulling in more and more dust and neighboring clumps, snowballing ever larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clumps that reached sizes of a mile or so across earned the title \"planetesimal,\" and when planetesimals grew into objects hundreds of miles across, they graduated to the rank of protoplanet. This career ladder climbing went on until most of the raw material had been swept up. At this point, if the snowballing process had produced a Sun-orbiting object that was large enough to pull itself into a spherical shape and also \"dominate\" the region of space it was in (according to International Astronomical Union requirements), then it could be called a planet. If not, other classifications, like dwarf planet or small Solar System body, might apply…if you have a complaint, register it with the IAU….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Vesta and Ceres, which are on the order of 300 and 600 miles across, roughly and respectively, their career aspirations in planetary stature building are thought to have been crushed by the formation of Jupiter—perhaps as how a type-A personality with powerful career ambitions might derail a coworker by grabbing all the promotions….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What world might have been if Vesta and Ceres had finished their work and not ended up in the Mail Room of the Solar System? Well, if you took all of the material present in the Main Asteroid Belt today and brought it together into one object, orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, you would have a sphere probably no bigger than 900 miles across—less than half the diameter of Earth's Moon—so at best it might rate as a dwarf planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it is believed that most of the original mass of the Main Belt has been lost, scattered to other places in the Solar System by that ambitious Jupiter…so who knows what this world that never was might have been if circumstances had been different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Sun is Having A Blast!",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/sdo-cme-060711-21.gif\">\u003cem>SDO image of June 7 CME. Credit: NASA/SDO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're still uncertain whether the Sun's most recent, and unusually long and quiet, solar minimum is over yet, just \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVLKuAyjm5c&feature=player_embedded\">check out this movie \u003c/a>from NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/\">Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/a>. Enough said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wow!\" was what everyone who watched this solar flare event and enormous Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) were saying--pretty much all they could say with their jaws dropping the way they were. The view was awesome when seen through the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/22/serving-up-delicious-scoops-of-sun-daily/\">SDO movie viewer in Chabot's observatory\u003c/a>, which lets visitors see the eruption in multiple combinations of ultraviolet channels and color pallets. \"Looks like half the Sun was blown away!\" one person managed to say after catching her breath. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra-long solar minimum does indeed seem to be over, and the Sun is breaking out again in magnetic acne. Over the past few years of solar min the Sun has been exceedingly quiet, with few or no sunspots (heat-choked regions on its visible surface caused by magnetic activity) and an associated dearth of eruptive events like solar flares and CMEs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past few months, however, we've been able to show our visitors the captivating signs of increasing solar magnetic activity, in the form of complex clusters of sunspots approaching the size of planet Jupiter, stunning luminous prominences of magnetically sculpted gases in the Sun's atmosphere, and, most spectacular of all, solar flare and CME events, of increasing magnitude and multiplicity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eruption shown in the video happened on June 7th. It starts with a medium strength flare. A flare occurs when a large amount of energy stored up in intensely twisted magnetic fields reaches a breaking point, the magnetic fields able to twist no further--not unlike how a rubber band can be twisted and wound tighter and tighter, but only to a point (often a sharply painful point, if you're the one doing the winding). The magnetic fields \"break down\" and reconnect in a more relaxed configuration, imparting their energy to the surrounding gases of the Sun's atmosphere, which heat up to as much as 20 million degrees (Kelvin or Celsius, take your pick; at these temperatures the difference is negligible). The result is an explosion with far greater punch than a hydrogen bomb. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sunspots are located at places where strong magnetic fields emerge from the Sun, they mark regions of strong activity--\"active regions\"--and are generally the places to look to in anticipation of solar flares. Those same magnetic fields that form the sunspots are the ones that will break out as a flare if they become too intensely twisted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the modest sized flare of June 7th, a somewhat more-than-modest-sized CME took place. CME's are often triggered by flares--another reason that active regions on the Sun are the places to keep your eyes on! A CME can be thought of as a popping water balloon. In a water balloon, a mass of water is contained within the tense membrane of the balloon rubber. The tension of the rubber contains and shapes the water--until the balloon pops. You know what happens then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Sun, magnetic fields that emerge from one magnetic region, arcing around to a neighboring region of opposite polarity to form a closed loop, act upon the hot, electrically charged gases (plasma) of the Sun's atmosphere much as the balloon membrane acts upon the water inside: the gases are \"bottled up\" and confined. And on the Sun, we're not talking about an ounce or two of water inside that balloon; we're looking at billions of tons of hydrogen and helium plasma!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when that balloon pops, we get quite a show: all those billions of tons of plasma bursting away from the Sun at up to a million miles per hour. Why does the balloon pop? \"Simple.\" When the magnetic field loops that contain the plasma break down and reconfigure to a more relaxed state--which is the solar flare part of the equation--those loops and arcs of confining force break down and all that plasma is released. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The June 7 CME was among the largest I recall seeing, but with the Sun's activity heating up, I expect we may see more of this--certainly we're in for a lot of \"normal\" flare and CME activity as we approach the next solar maximum, expected to peak sometime in 2012 or 2013. Come up to Chabot and we'll give you a look.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/sdo-cme-060711-21.gif\">\u003cem>SDO image of June 7 CME. Credit: NASA/SDO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're still uncertain whether the Sun's most recent, and unusually long and quiet, solar minimum is over yet, just \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVLKuAyjm5c&feature=player_embedded\">check out this movie \u003c/a>from NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/\">Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/a>. Enough said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wow!\" was what everyone who watched this solar flare event and enormous Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) were saying--pretty much all they could say with their jaws dropping the way they were. The view was awesome when seen through the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/22/serving-up-delicious-scoops-of-sun-daily/\">SDO movie viewer in Chabot's observatory\u003c/a>, which lets visitors see the eruption in multiple combinations of ultraviolet channels and color pallets. \"Looks like half the Sun was blown away!\" one person managed to say after catching her breath. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra-long solar minimum does indeed seem to be over, and the Sun is breaking out again in magnetic acne. Over the past few years of solar min the Sun has been exceedingly quiet, with few or no sunspots (heat-choked regions on its visible surface caused by magnetic activity) and an associated dearth of eruptive events like solar flares and CMEs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past few months, however, we've been able to show our visitors the captivating signs of increasing solar magnetic activity, in the form of complex clusters of sunspots approaching the size of planet Jupiter, stunning luminous prominences of magnetically sculpted gases in the Sun's atmosphere, and, most spectacular of all, solar flare and CME events, of increasing magnitude and multiplicity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eruption shown in the video happened on June 7th. It starts with a medium strength flare. A flare occurs when a large amount of energy stored up in intensely twisted magnetic fields reaches a breaking point, the magnetic fields able to twist no further--not unlike how a rubber band can be twisted and wound tighter and tighter, but only to a point (often a sharply painful point, if you're the one doing the winding). The magnetic fields \"break down\" and reconnect in a more relaxed configuration, imparting their energy to the surrounding gases of the Sun's atmosphere, which heat up to as much as 20 million degrees (Kelvin or Celsius, take your pick; at these temperatures the difference is negligible). The result is an explosion with far greater punch than a hydrogen bomb. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sunspots are located at places where strong magnetic fields emerge from the Sun, they mark regions of strong activity--\"active regions\"--and are generally the places to look to in anticipation of solar flares. Those same magnetic fields that form the sunspots are the ones that will break out as a flare if they become too intensely twisted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the modest sized flare of June 7th, a somewhat more-than-modest-sized CME took place. CME's are often triggered by flares--another reason that active regions on the Sun are the places to keep your eyes on! A CME can be thought of as a popping water balloon. In a water balloon, a mass of water is contained within the tense membrane of the balloon rubber. The tension of the rubber contains and shapes the water--until the balloon pops. You know what happens then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Sun, magnetic fields that emerge from one magnetic region, arcing around to a neighboring region of opposite polarity to form a closed loop, act upon the hot, electrically charged gases (plasma) of the Sun's atmosphere much as the balloon membrane acts upon the water inside: the gases are \"bottled up\" and confined. And on the Sun, we're not talking about an ounce or two of water inside that balloon; we're looking at billions of tons of hydrogen and helium plasma!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when that balloon pops, we get quite a show: all those billions of tons of plasma bursting away from the Sun at up to a million miles per hour. Why does the balloon pop? \"Simple.\" When the magnetic field loops that contain the plasma break down and reconfigure to a more relaxed state--which is the solar flare part of the equation--those loops and arcs of confining force break down and all that plasma is released. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The June 7 CME was among the largest I recall seeing, but with the Sun's activity heating up, I expect we may see more of this--certainly we're in for a lot of \"normal\" flare and CME activity as we approach the next solar maximum, expected to peak sometime in 2012 or 2013. Come up to Chabot and we'll give you a look.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ngc6744-eso.jpg\">\u003cem>ESO image of galaxy NGC 6744. Credit: ESO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nOf all the galaxies in the Universe that we have pictures of, from early photos taken through big ground-based telescopes to the stunningly detailed and far-reaching eye of the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/galaxy/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>, the one we actually need an \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/23137/triple-whammy-milky-way-more-massive-spinning-faster-and-more-likely-to-collide/mwparallaxes/\">artist to paint\u003c/a> us a picture of is the one closest to home: our own Milky Way. We're simply too close to it, and can't see the forest for the trees….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does it actually look like? Good question. It's the closest galaxy to us—meaning, we're inside it—but we have better pictures of galaxies billions of light years away than we do of our own home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://casswww.ucsd.edu/archive/public/tutorial/MW.html\">Milky Way \u003c/a>is known to be a \"barred spiral\" galaxy, with a dense, elongated central core with an uncertain number of spiral arms pinned to it. It is thought to be about 100,000 light years across, and contain between 100 and 400 billion stars. This fuzzy picture of the Milky Way is put together from observations of the stars we see around us, near and far, and lanes of dust and gas that cloud our view along the galactic plane. We're not sure how the spiral arms of stars, dust, and gas are laid out, or exactly what the overall central core looks like, because most of it is beyond our direct view—much like trying to draw a map of a city by viewing it from inside a single neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, an image of the galaxy NGC 6744, recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1118/\">released by the European Southern Observatory\u003c/a>, may supply us with a photographic example of what the good ol' Milky Way looks like from the outside, for it possesses many of the same characteristics—other than being twice the diameter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NGC 6744, about 30 million light years away in the constellation Pavo, has spiral arms surrounding an elongated and dense core set inside a dusty disk. It even has a small companion galaxy similar to the irregular \"satellite\" galaxies that accompany the Milky Way: the Magellanic Clouds. Peer into this looking glass, or this twin's face, and you may be looking at the best picture of our home galaxy we'll ever see…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where did the Milky Way get its name, anyway? It's certainly more poetic than \"NGC 6744\" (which means the 6744th entry in the New General Catalog). If you've ever seen the ghostly, cloud-like smear arcing across a dark night sky—the combined light from stars in our galaxy too distant to see as individuals—you can probably guess the answer. It looks \"milky.\" In Greek mythology, the whitish band was the spilt mother's milk of the goddess Hera. In fact, the word \"galaxy\" itself comes from the Greek name for the Milky Way: \"galaxias,\" meaning \"milky circle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent discoveries make what we see in the image of NGC 6744, or what we see of the Milky Way in the night sky, only a phantom of what's really there. Not only are galaxies believed to consist of 90% \"\u003ca href=\"http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/dark_matter.html\">dark matter\u003c/a>\"—matter that we cannot detect by observing light—we now estimate there to be at least 50 billion planets in the Milky Way, 500 million of them located within the \"habitable zone\": the right distance from their star for liquid water to exist. And now there is even evidence for up to twice as many \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-147\">free floating\" planets \u003c/a>(planets not orbiting stars) as star-bound ones! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just makes me hungry for the next amazing discovery….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ngc6744-eso.jpg\">\u003cem>ESO image of galaxy NGC 6744. Credit: ESO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nOf all the galaxies in the Universe that we have pictures of, from early photos taken through big ground-based telescopes to the stunningly detailed and far-reaching eye of the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/galaxy/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>, the one we actually need an \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/23137/triple-whammy-milky-way-more-massive-spinning-faster-and-more-likely-to-collide/mwparallaxes/\">artist to paint\u003c/a> us a picture of is the one closest to home: our own Milky Way. We're simply too close to it, and can't see the forest for the trees….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does it actually look like? Good question. It's the closest galaxy to us—meaning, we're inside it—but we have better pictures of galaxies billions of light years away than we do of our own home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://casswww.ucsd.edu/archive/public/tutorial/MW.html\">Milky Way \u003c/a>is known to be a \"barred spiral\" galaxy, with a dense, elongated central core with an uncertain number of spiral arms pinned to it. It is thought to be about 100,000 light years across, and contain between 100 and 400 billion stars. This fuzzy picture of the Milky Way is put together from observations of the stars we see around us, near and far, and lanes of dust and gas that cloud our view along the galactic plane. We're not sure how the spiral arms of stars, dust, and gas are laid out, or exactly what the overall central core looks like, because most of it is beyond our direct view—much like trying to draw a map of a city by viewing it from inside a single neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, an image of the galaxy NGC 6744, recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1118/\">released by the European Southern Observatory\u003c/a>, may supply us with a photographic example of what the good ol' Milky Way looks like from the outside, for it possesses many of the same characteristics—other than being twice the diameter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NGC 6744, about 30 million light years away in the constellation Pavo, has spiral arms surrounding an elongated and dense core set inside a dusty disk. It even has a small companion galaxy similar to the irregular \"satellite\" galaxies that accompany the Milky Way: the Magellanic Clouds. Peer into this looking glass, or this twin's face, and you may be looking at the best picture of our home galaxy we'll ever see…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where did the Milky Way get its name, anyway? It's certainly more poetic than \"NGC 6744\" (which means the 6744th entry in the New General Catalog). If you've ever seen the ghostly, cloud-like smear arcing across a dark night sky—the combined light from stars in our galaxy too distant to see as individuals—you can probably guess the answer. It looks \"milky.\" In Greek mythology, the whitish band was the spilt mother's milk of the goddess Hera. In fact, the word \"galaxy\" itself comes from the Greek name for the Milky Way: \"galaxias,\" meaning \"milky circle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent discoveries make what we see in the image of NGC 6744, or what we see of the Milky Way in the night sky, only a phantom of what's really there. Not only are galaxies believed to consist of 90% \"\u003ca href=\"http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/dark_matter.html\">dark matter\u003c/a>\"—matter that we cannot detect by observing light—we now estimate there to be at least 50 billion planets in the Milky Way, 500 million of them located within the \"habitable zone\": the right distance from their star for liquid water to exist. And now there is even evidence for up to twice as many \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-147\">free floating\" planets \u003c/a>(planets not orbiting stars) as star-bound ones! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just makes me hungry for the next amazing discovery….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Dark Endeavours",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/AMSonISSbig.jpg\">\u003cem>Artist concept of AMS-2 mounted on the ISS.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>When NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YBWaFIs1Rc\">Space Shuttle Endeavour lifted off \u003c/a>on its 25th and final mission to space on Monday morning, it carried in its cargo bay more than just supplies for the International Space Station. Alongside the containers of TV dinners, oxygen bottles, water tanks, and other various and sundry necessities was a bus-sized, two billion dollar observatory that will probe some of our Universe's deepest, darkest secrets: dark matter, and the unaccounted antimatter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ams.nasa.gov/about.html\">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2 (AMS-2)\u003c/a>, like other space-borne observatory satellites, will make its observations outside of Earth's atmosphere, attached to the International Space Station—but unlike \"conventional\" satellite observatories such as the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">Kepler\u003c/a>, and the \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/a>, AMS-2 will not observe electromagnetic radiation (light), but rather cosmic rays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosmic rays are energetic, electrically charged subatomic particles whizzing through space, originating from various places such as the Sun, distant stars and supernovae, and other high-energy sources from the most distant reaches of the known Universe. Most cosmic rays are simply high-speed protons (hydrogen nuclei) and alpha particles (helium nuclei). Less than 1% of cosmic rays are heavier atomic nuclei, and electrons. All of these particles are things familiar to us on Earth, the main differences being their exotic origins and their extremely high speeds—often approaching the speed of light. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tiny fraction of cosmic rays are exotic particles indeed: antimatter, in the form of positrons (the positively charged antimatter counterpart of electrons) and anti-protons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is AMS-2 looking for? In a nutshell, it's looking for what we cannot see…. Only about 5% of the Universe is composed of \"ordinary\" matter—the stuff we are made of, and which we can see with telescopes out in the universe by virtue of the light it emits: stars, galaxies, nebulae, giant molecular clouds, and more. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 95% of the Universe's bulk is made up of \"dark\" stuff—\u003ca href=\"http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/dark_matter.html\">dark matter \u003c/a>(about 20%) and dark energy. Some of this dark matter may be accounted for by massive objects that we can't see, such as black holes, but the primary constituent probably consists of exotic particles that defy direct detection. A number of particles that fit this bill have been theorized, like neutrinos, and more recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2010/01/hold-on-higgs-now-its-neutralinos-.html\">neutralinos\u003c/a>. In theory, interactions between neutralinos should produce charged particles in the form of cosmic rays that AMS-2 should be able to detect. If it does, then we'll have observational evidence for the existence of this exotic particle, which would shed some light onto some of the Universe's dark mystery….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMS-2 will also look for antimatter. The Big Bang theory (the \u003cstrong>theory\u003c/strong>, not the TV show) of the formation of the Universe suggests that there should be equal parts matter and its counterpart antimatter, but so far we've mostly seen only the former. While there are positrons and anti-protons flying about that can be accounted for by processes involving nuclear interactions, if AMS-2 can detect a more complex anti-particle, like an anti-helium nucleus (an atom composed of two anti-protons, two anti-neutrons, and two positrons), then we'll have an example of antimatter that formed by more complex processes than a random nuclear collision or decay. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMS-2's \"lens\" is not made of glass, but of magnetic fields. Conventional telescopes bend and focus light with glass lenses or curved mirrors, but AMS-2 will observe electrically charged cosmic rays, which can be collected and sorted with magnetic force. AMS-2 will count cosmic rays, determine what types of particles they are, and how much energy they possess (how fast they are moving). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Earth's surface observing cosmic rays is nearly impossible, at best. The particles interact with the nuclei of atoms in our atmosphere, forming a different subatomic particle and a burst of \"secondary\" cosmic radiation—which can be detected by ground-based instruments, but only as \"second hand\" news. In fact, it is cosmic ray interactions with ordinary carbon (carbon 12) in Earth's atmosphere that transform them into the radioisotope carbon 14, which scientists take advantage of to determine how long a sample of formerly living material has been dead (as in carbon dating). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, stay tuned for news on what scientists discover as they peer into the very dark darkness of a currently unknown realm of existence. Should be exciting….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/AMSonISSbig.jpg\">\u003cem>Artist concept of AMS-2 mounted on the ISS.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>When NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YBWaFIs1Rc\">Space Shuttle Endeavour lifted off \u003c/a>on its 25th and final mission to space on Monday morning, it carried in its cargo bay more than just supplies for the International Space Station. Alongside the containers of TV dinners, oxygen bottles, water tanks, and other various and sundry necessities was a bus-sized, two billion dollar observatory that will probe some of our Universe's deepest, darkest secrets: dark matter, and the unaccounted antimatter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ams.nasa.gov/about.html\">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2 (AMS-2)\u003c/a>, like other space-borne observatory satellites, will make its observations outside of Earth's atmosphere, attached to the International Space Station—but unlike \"conventional\" satellite observatories such as the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">Kepler\u003c/a>, and the \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/a>, AMS-2 will not observe electromagnetic radiation (light), but rather cosmic rays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosmic rays are energetic, electrically charged subatomic particles whizzing through space, originating from various places such as the Sun, distant stars and supernovae, and other high-energy sources from the most distant reaches of the known Universe. Most cosmic rays are simply high-speed protons (hydrogen nuclei) and alpha particles (helium nuclei). Less than 1% of cosmic rays are heavier atomic nuclei, and electrons. All of these particles are things familiar to us on Earth, the main differences being their exotic origins and their extremely high speeds—often approaching the speed of light. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tiny fraction of cosmic rays are exotic particles indeed: antimatter, in the form of positrons (the positively charged antimatter counterpart of electrons) and anti-protons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is AMS-2 looking for? In a nutshell, it's looking for what we cannot see…. Only about 5% of the Universe is composed of \"ordinary\" matter—the stuff we are made of, and which we can see with telescopes out in the universe by virtue of the light it emits: stars, galaxies, nebulae, giant molecular clouds, and more. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 95% of the Universe's bulk is made up of \"dark\" stuff—\u003ca href=\"http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/dark_matter.html\">dark matter \u003c/a>(about 20%) and dark energy. Some of this dark matter may be accounted for by massive objects that we can't see, such as black holes, but the primary constituent probably consists of exotic particles that defy direct detection. A number of particles that fit this bill have been theorized, like neutrinos, and more recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2010/01/hold-on-higgs-now-its-neutralinos-.html\">neutralinos\u003c/a>. In theory, interactions between neutralinos should produce charged particles in the form of cosmic rays that AMS-2 should be able to detect. If it does, then we'll have observational evidence for the existence of this exotic particle, which would shed some light onto some of the Universe's dark mystery….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMS-2 will also look for antimatter. The Big Bang theory (the \u003cstrong>theory\u003c/strong>, not the TV show) of the formation of the Universe suggests that there should be equal parts matter and its counterpart antimatter, but so far we've mostly seen only the former. While there are positrons and anti-protons flying about that can be accounted for by processes involving nuclear interactions, if AMS-2 can detect a more complex anti-particle, like an anti-helium nucleus (an atom composed of two anti-protons, two anti-neutrons, and two positrons), then we'll have an example of antimatter that formed by more complex processes than a random nuclear collision or decay. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMS-2's \"lens\" is not made of glass, but of magnetic fields. Conventional telescopes bend and focus light with glass lenses or curved mirrors, but AMS-2 will observe electrically charged cosmic rays, which can be collected and sorted with magnetic force. AMS-2 will count cosmic rays, determine what types of particles they are, and how much energy they possess (how fast they are moving). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Earth's surface observing cosmic rays is nearly impossible, at best. The particles interact with the nuclei of atoms in our atmosphere, forming a different subatomic particle and a burst of \"secondary\" cosmic radiation—which can be detected by ground-based instruments, but only as \"second hand\" news. In fact, it is cosmic ray interactions with ordinary carbon (carbon 12) in Earth's atmosphere that transform them into the radioisotope carbon 14, which scientists take advantage of to determine how long a sample of formerly living material has been dead (as in carbon dating). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, stay tuned for news on what scientists discover as they peer into the very dark darkness of a currently unknown realm of existence. Should be exciting….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Back in the early days of QUEST, when we were first piloting the Your Photos on QUEST segments, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/steventheamusing/\">Steven Christenson\u003c/a> was one of the first photographers to respond to our call for submissions, posting on the QUEST YPOQ Flickr page his \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/steventheamusing/sets/72157621922342255/\">set of photos from Mission Peak Preserve\u003c/a> near Fremont, California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was trolling for our first YPOQ photographer for the new season of QUEST TV, I went back to some of those early submissions and was immediately struck by Christenson’s set of vibrant, kinetic images, especially his night sky photographs and star circles. Not only are they totally unique and beautiful, there’s obviously a good story to be told in how he actually makes them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14524\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/503i_Christenson_PhotonWorshipers_5019728_scaled2.jpg\" alt=\"Photon Worshipers\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/503i_Christenson_PhotonWorshipers_5019728_scaled2.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/503i_Christenson_PhotonWorshipers_5019728_scaled2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photon Worshipers \u003ccite>(Steven Christenson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shooting photographs in very low light is a special skill, one that Christenson has honed to a fine art over the last few years. In fact, he’s gotten so good at it, he was honored as one of the winners of the International Astronomy Photographer of the Year, 2010 awards in the “People and Space” category. Here’s his winning photo, taken at Pfeiffer Beach in Big Sur, California. He shot it as people gathered on the beach during one of the few days each year when the setting sun shines directly through the archway of a large rock formation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14530\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/503i_Christenson_slctreestacked_1920x2880_scaled2.jpg\" alt=\"Bristlecone Pine Star Circle\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14530\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bristlecone Pine Star Circle \u003ccite>(Steven Christenson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Indeed the process of “finding light in the darkness”, as Christenson puts it, is more involved than one might imagine. First off, you have to get to a place that has a good vantage point on the stars. In Christenson’s case, this usually involves driving and/ or hiking a good distance before he even sets down the tripod. Then, you have to deal with the notoriously foggy/ rainy/ cold Bay Area weather. He’s been battling with the weather at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=533\">Pigeon Point Light House State Historic Park\u003c/a> in Pescadero for years. But he’s managed to get some spectacular images there nonetheless. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once all the stars align so to speak, and Christenson has set up his shot, the waiting begins. As the earth rotates and orbits the sun, the stars appear to travel through the sky and his camera is set to take an image at set intervals. It can take all night for him to get the images he needs to stitch together his final images. He often sleeps in his car or out under the open sky if weather permits. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For our shoot with Christenson, he took us hiking up Mission Peak, his favorite location in the Bay Area to shoot. Between our audio tech, Helen, associate producer Josh and myself, we’ve collectively lived in the Bay Area for more than half a century and none of us had ever been to Mission Peak. It’s absolutely spectacular up there. It’s one of the things I love most about this job that I have the opportunity to see and experience things that have been under my nose for years but have never noticed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’d like to join Steven Christenson for a nighttime photography tour of Mission Peak or several other Bay Area locations, be sure to check out the \u003ca href=\"http://starcircleacademy.com/\">Star Circle Academy \u003c/a>website. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back in the early days of QUEST, when we were first piloting the Your Photos on QUEST segments, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/steventheamusing/\">Steven Christenson\u003c/a> was one of the first photographers to respond to our call for submissions, posting on the QUEST YPOQ Flickr page his \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/steventheamusing/sets/72157621922342255/\">set of photos from Mission Peak Preserve\u003c/a> near Fremont, California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was trolling for our first YPOQ photographer for the new season of QUEST TV, I went back to some of those early submissions and was immediately struck by Christenson’s set of vibrant, kinetic images, especially his night sky photographs and star circles. Not only are they totally unique and beautiful, there’s obviously a good story to be told in how he actually makes them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14524\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/503i_Christenson_PhotonWorshipers_5019728_scaled2.jpg\" alt=\"Photon Worshipers\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/503i_Christenson_PhotonWorshipers_5019728_scaled2.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/503i_Christenson_PhotonWorshipers_5019728_scaled2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photon Worshipers \u003ccite>(Steven Christenson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shooting photographs in very low light is a special skill, one that Christenson has honed to a fine art over the last few years. In fact, he’s gotten so good at it, he was honored as one of the winners of the International Astronomy Photographer of the Year, 2010 awards in the “People and Space” category. Here’s his winning photo, taken at Pfeiffer Beach in Big Sur, California. He shot it as people gathered on the beach during one of the few days each year when the setting sun shines directly through the archway of a large rock formation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14530\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/503i_Christenson_slctreestacked_1920x2880_scaled2.jpg\" alt=\"Bristlecone Pine Star Circle\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14530\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bristlecone Pine Star Circle \u003ccite>(Steven Christenson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Indeed the process of “finding light in the darkness”, as Christenson puts it, is more involved than one might imagine. First off, you have to get to a place that has a good vantage point on the stars. In Christenson’s case, this usually involves driving and/ or hiking a good distance before he even sets down the tripod. Then, you have to deal with the notoriously foggy/ rainy/ cold Bay Area weather. He’s been battling with the weather at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=533\">Pigeon Point Light House State Historic Park\u003c/a> in Pescadero for years. But he’s managed to get some spectacular images there nonetheless. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Should SETI Stop Looking?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/radio5-31_array300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array near Redding, California\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a certain type of person to devote an entire career to chasing something she'’ll probably never find. One such person is Jill Tarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the director for SETI Research at the SETI institute in Mountain View, California. She’s also the inspiration for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmSYXbgcozY\">Jodi Foster character\u003c/a> in the 1997 movie Contact, based on the book by Carl Sagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In real life, Jill Tarter’s career at SETI has been a lot less momentous. In her 60s now, with her gray hair in a short, no-nonsense cut, Tarter says she knows she may not hear a signal from intelligent extra-terrestrials in her lifetime. “I don’t know whether anyone will ever find a signal,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">Is it Time for SETI to Stop Looking?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Back when Tarter joined SETI, the project was funded by NASA. But that support ended in 1993. Since then, she and others have spent almost as much time searching for money as they have searching for ET. Three years ago, SETI celebrated what felt like a turning point: the opening of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/seti-the-new-search-for-et\">Allen Telescope Array\u003c/a>, near Redding, California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SETI's powerful new tool\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Allen Array, Tarter and other SETI scientists took their equipment around the world, borrowing time from telescopes owned by other institutions. But with Allen, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/ata\">constructed \u003c/a>with money from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and is jointly managed with the University of California, Berkeley, SETI scientists could scan the skies full-time, hoping a clear, tell-tale radio signal would distinguish itself from the universe’s background hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look,” says Tarter, “for signals that are compressed in frequency. Because nature doesn’t do that, technology does.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the first to admit that this may never work. She says SETI is searching the cosmic haystack for a needle that might not even exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Zuckerman, a professor of astronomy at UCLA, is skeptical humans will ever find intelligent extra-terrestrials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly I don’t think technological ETs exist in our Milky Way galaxy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/31_05/zuckerman.html\">says Zuckerman\u003c/a>. “Or if they do, they’re very, very scarce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman didn’t always feel this way. In grad school, he studied with Carl Sagan. He even worked on some of the early radio searches back in the 1970s. But then he started to have doubts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there are so many technological civilizations out there, and they’re so far in advance of our own technological civilization, then why haven’t they found us?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the problem of timing. If intelligent ETs are out there, what are the odds that their signals would reach Earth at the precise moment in cosmic history that we happen to be listening? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NASA's Kepler Mission delivers new targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, something happened that gave critics new hope: \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Mission\u003c/a>, a program designed to survey the Milky Way galaxy in search of Earth-size and smaller planets, delivered its results. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">found what it was looking for\u003c/a>: More than a thousand planets orbiting distant stars like our sun. Dozens of them are thought to be roughly Earth-sized. Of those, some may turn out to have climates that could be hospitable to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dimitar Sasselov directs Harvard’s Origins of Life Initiative and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/talks/dimitar_sasselov_how_we_found_hundreds_of_potential_earth_like_planets.html\">is also a member of the Kepler team\u003c/a>. He says Kepler has given SETI something it never had before: targets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where we should be looking for the signals coming from other civilizations,” says Sasselov, referring to the so-called Kepler planets. “SETI is already in possession of this list.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April, that list has been filed away for future use. SETI’s Allen Telescope Array is \u003ca href=\"http://archive.seti.org/pdfs/ATA-hibernation.pdf\">officially in “hibernation.”\u003c/a> Tight budgets at the state and federal level have left UC Berkeley without enough money to operate the telescopes. Sasselov says it’s a shame. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our only shot to listen for such signals,” he says. “When the array is down, we are blind and we are deaf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> The \"longest long shot\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Tarter says it would cost $5 million and two years to systematically go through the Kepler planets, listening for radio signals produced by an intelligent civilization. She’s looking for private money to make it happen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Ben Zuckerman, the UCLA skeptic, believes that’s a small price to pay. “Given that the costs are not very high,” he says, “why not continue the search?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman says it’s a long shot. Maybe the longest long shot in the history of science. But the payoff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The payoff, one could argue, is the most important science discovery of all time.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, and hundreds of billions of galaxies. Tarter says someday, it may make sense to stop looking, to come to what she calls the “extraordinary conclusion” that we really are alone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t an impossible conclusion,” says Tarter. “That may be the answer. But it certainly isn’t time to draw that conclusion. Let’s search a little more. A lot more, actually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 40.791111 -121.504722\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Of all the questions in science, few have haunted humans as persistently as this: Are we alone? For more than 50 years, scientists have listened for a signal from intelligent life on other planets... and come up empty. Now, they're running short of money. Is it time to give up?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/radio5-31_array300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array near Redding, California\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a certain type of person to devote an entire career to chasing something she'’ll probably never find. One such person is Jill Tarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the director for SETI Research at the SETI institute in Mountain View, California. She’s also the inspiration for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmSYXbgcozY\">Jodi Foster character\u003c/a> in the 1997 movie Contact, based on the book by Carl Sagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In real life, Jill Tarter’s career at SETI has been a lot less momentous. In her 60s now, with her gray hair in a short, no-nonsense cut, Tarter says she knows she may not hear a signal from intelligent extra-terrestrials in her lifetime. “I don’t know whether anyone will ever find a signal,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">Is it Time for SETI to Stop Looking?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Back when Tarter joined SETI, the project was funded by NASA. But that support ended in 1993. Since then, she and others have spent almost as much time searching for money as they have searching for ET. Three years ago, SETI celebrated what felt like a turning point: the opening of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/seti-the-new-search-for-et\">Allen Telescope Array\u003c/a>, near Redding, California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SETI's powerful new tool\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Allen Array, Tarter and other SETI scientists took their equipment around the world, borrowing time from telescopes owned by other institutions. But with Allen, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/ata\">constructed \u003c/a>with money from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and is jointly managed with the University of California, Berkeley, SETI scientists could scan the skies full-time, hoping a clear, tell-tale radio signal would distinguish itself from the universe’s background hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look,” says Tarter, “for signals that are compressed in frequency. Because nature doesn’t do that, technology does.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the first to admit that this may never work. She says SETI is searching the cosmic haystack for a needle that might not even exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Zuckerman, a professor of astronomy at UCLA, is skeptical humans will ever find intelligent extra-terrestrials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly I don’t think technological ETs exist in our Milky Way galaxy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/31_05/zuckerman.html\">says Zuckerman\u003c/a>. “Or if they do, they’re very, very scarce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman didn’t always feel this way. In grad school, he studied with Carl Sagan. He even worked on some of the early radio searches back in the 1970s. But then he started to have doubts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there are so many technological civilizations out there, and they’re so far in advance of our own technological civilization, then why haven’t they found us?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the problem of timing. If intelligent ETs are out there, what are the odds that their signals would reach Earth at the precise moment in cosmic history that we happen to be listening? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NASA's Kepler Mission delivers new targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, something happened that gave critics new hope: \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Mission\u003c/a>, a program designed to survey the Milky Way galaxy in search of Earth-size and smaller planets, delivered its results. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">found what it was looking for\u003c/a>: More than a thousand planets orbiting distant stars like our sun. Dozens of them are thought to be roughly Earth-sized. Of those, some may turn out to have climates that could be hospitable to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dimitar Sasselov directs Harvard’s Origins of Life Initiative and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/talks/dimitar_sasselov_how_we_found_hundreds_of_potential_earth_like_planets.html\">is also a member of the Kepler team\u003c/a>. He says Kepler has given SETI something it never had before: targets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where we should be looking for the signals coming from other civilizations,” says Sasselov, referring to the so-called Kepler planets. “SETI is already in possession of this list.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April, that list has been filed away for future use. SETI’s Allen Telescope Array is \u003ca href=\"http://archive.seti.org/pdfs/ATA-hibernation.pdf\">officially in “hibernation.”\u003c/a> Tight budgets at the state and federal level have left UC Berkeley without enough money to operate the telescopes. Sasselov says it’s a shame. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our only shot to listen for such signals,” he says. “When the array is down, we are blind and we are deaf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> The \"longest long shot\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Tarter says it would cost $5 million and two years to systematically go through the Kepler planets, listening for radio signals produced by an intelligent civilization. She’s looking for private money to make it happen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Ben Zuckerman, the UCLA skeptic, believes that’s a small price to pay. “Given that the costs are not very high,” he says, “why not continue the search?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman says it’s a long shot. Maybe the longest long shot in the history of science. But the payoff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The payoff, one could argue, is the most important science discovery of all time.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, and hundreds of billions of galaxies. Tarter says someday, it may make sense to stop looking, to come to what she calls the “extraordinary conclusion” that we really are alone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t an impossible conclusion,” says Tarter. “That may be the answer. But it certainly isn’t time to draw that conclusion. Let’s search a little more. A lot more, actually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 40.791111 -121.504722\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ATA_pix2.jpg\">\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) at Hat Creek Radio\u003cbr> Observatory. Credit: SETI Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Imagine: ET, sitting at the controls of a giant radio telescope on an alien world, methodically probing one star, then the next, listening…listening, because ET thinks that if civilization exists on her world, it may exist on another—if only she could hear the radio chatter of that would-be civilization. One star, then another, then another. All's quiet; no radio leakage from global broadcasts, no tightly beamed message aimed at the cosmos declaring, \"I'm here! Are you, too?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ET turns the antenna once more, this time to a small, distant, yellow sun (the one we Earthlings call Sol). Reaching for the button labeled \"receive,\" ET is suddenly interrupted by her supervisor. The order: \"Shut down; we just ran out of money.\" Reluctantly, ET turns off the radio dish, wondering wistfully if that little yellow sun might have been \"the one\"….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: This has been a blog dramatization. There is no actual danger to the people of Planet Earth. Do not panic….\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now turn the story around: No alien scientist with research budget constraints, but rather the operational shutdown, or \"hibernation,\" of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/page.aspx?pid=1581\">SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array (ATA)\u003c/a>, operated by the University of California Berkeley, due to State funding cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SETI Institute has been around a while now, pointing radio dishes at stars and listening for signals of non-natural origin. If you've seen the movie Contact (at least, the first half hour or so), you get the idea of what they do—and also how funding, or scarcity thereof, figures into their work. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to detect and discriminate the radio transmissions from a civilization in another star system is a bit like trying to hear a whisper from across a noisy room, hence the need for a sensitive listening device like the ATA. The ATA is an array of radio telescopes at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcro.org/\">Hat Creek Radio Observatory \u003c/a>in Northern California built to conduct high-resolution radio astronomy observations of cosmic events and objects, as well as to listen for the radio broadcasts of any alien civilizations that might be within hearing distance of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of things make the ATA the most powerful tool in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence yet constructed. One is the collective size of radio dishes. Each dish isn't particularly large as radio telescopes go, but the plan is for as many as 350 linked dishes to make one giant radio \"ear\". Also, advancements in electronic and computing technologies give the ATA increased sensitivity and data processing speed . \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the question as to whether other civilizations (or life) even exist has not been answered, the ATA is capable of making the detection, particularly if such a civilization were in our stellar neighborhood…and \u003ca href=\"http://www.setileague.org/general/drake.htm\">frankly\u003c/a>, this would be one of the greatest discoveries in all of history…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…but that's all on hold until a few million dollars of operating cash can be found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ATA's hibernation came at a particularly unfortunate moment. As compelling as SETI's search was before, the recent discovery of over \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">1,200 candidate extrasolar planets \u003c/a>(exoplanets) by \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Kepler \u003c/a>mission has produced a list of highly desirable targets for the ATA. A number of the candidate worlds are of Earth-like stature, and a number of those dwell within their stars' habitable zones—potentially prime spots for life to have formed…and who knows, intelligence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we actually hear the weak radio (or television!) signal of an extraterrestrial world—either inadvertent signal leakage, like ET's version of I Love Lucy, or a direct broadcast aimed at the cosmos with a message like \"Hello out there!\"—that would be a transformational day for the human race, the day we learn that there's not only life out there, but other intelligence, other thinkers. That would be a far bigger deal than discovering microbes on Mars…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what would we hear? What would ET say? Would we be able to understand the language spoken? Would the discovery be any less monumental if we couldn't?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we would hear from ET might be similar to what we'd say to her. Beyond the accidental leakage of our radio and television broadcasts, what would our message be? \u003cem>Hello, here we are. Anyone out there? Eh? Bueller? Bueller?\u003c/em> But the nature of interstellar distances means we'd have to wait tens, or hundreds, or even thousands of years to hear any response to the query. It makes more practical sense just to listen….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for ET hearing our own broadcasts, in the time since we started making them the \"bubble\" of transmissions has swept out through our stellar neighborhood, out to a distance of about 70 light years at this point, which encompasses hundreds of stars and, as we now know, hundreds of exoplanets….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully the hibernation of the ATA is only a temporary pause, and SETI will soon get back to the job of putting Earth's big ear to the candidate Kepler worlds and listen intently for that world-changing whisper….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ATA_pix2.jpg\">\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) at Hat Creek Radio\u003cbr> Observatory. Credit: SETI Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Imagine: ET, sitting at the controls of a giant radio telescope on an alien world, methodically probing one star, then the next, listening…listening, because ET thinks that if civilization exists on her world, it may exist on another—if only she could hear the radio chatter of that would-be civilization. One star, then another, then another. All's quiet; no radio leakage from global broadcasts, no tightly beamed message aimed at the cosmos declaring, \"I'm here! Are you, too?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ET turns the antenna once more, this time to a small, distant, yellow sun (the one we Earthlings call Sol). Reaching for the button labeled \"receive,\" ET is suddenly interrupted by her supervisor. The order: \"Shut down; we just ran out of money.\" Reluctantly, ET turns off the radio dish, wondering wistfully if that little yellow sun might have been \"the one\"….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: This has been a blog dramatization. There is no actual danger to the people of Planet Earth. Do not panic….\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now turn the story around: No alien scientist with research budget constraints, but rather the operational shutdown, or \"hibernation,\" of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/page.aspx?pid=1581\">SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array (ATA)\u003c/a>, operated by the University of California Berkeley, due to State funding cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SETI Institute has been around a while now, pointing radio dishes at stars and listening for signals of non-natural origin. If you've seen the movie Contact (at least, the first half hour or so), you get the idea of what they do—and also how funding, or scarcity thereof, figures into their work. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to detect and discriminate the radio transmissions from a civilization in another star system is a bit like trying to hear a whisper from across a noisy room, hence the need for a sensitive listening device like the ATA. The ATA is an array of radio telescopes at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcro.org/\">Hat Creek Radio Observatory \u003c/a>in Northern California built to conduct high-resolution radio astronomy observations of cosmic events and objects, as well as to listen for the radio broadcasts of any alien civilizations that might be within hearing distance of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of things make the ATA the most powerful tool in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence yet constructed. One is the collective size of radio dishes. Each dish isn't particularly large as radio telescopes go, but the plan is for as many as 350 linked dishes to make one giant radio \"ear\". Also, advancements in electronic and computing technologies give the ATA increased sensitivity and data processing speed . \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the question as to whether other civilizations (or life) even exist has not been answered, the ATA is capable of making the detection, particularly if such a civilization were in our stellar neighborhood…and \u003ca href=\"http://www.setileague.org/general/drake.htm\">frankly\u003c/a>, this would be one of the greatest discoveries in all of history…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…but that's all on hold until a few million dollars of operating cash can be found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ATA's hibernation came at a particularly unfortunate moment. As compelling as SETI's search was before, the recent discovery of over \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">1,200 candidate extrasolar planets \u003c/a>(exoplanets) by \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Kepler \u003c/a>mission has produced a list of highly desirable targets for the ATA. A number of the candidate worlds are of Earth-like stature, and a number of those dwell within their stars' habitable zones—potentially prime spots for life to have formed…and who knows, intelligence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we actually hear the weak radio (or television!) signal of an extraterrestrial world—either inadvertent signal leakage, like ET's version of I Love Lucy, or a direct broadcast aimed at the cosmos with a message like \"Hello out there!\"—that would be a transformational day for the human race, the day we learn that there's not only life out there, but other intelligence, other thinkers. That would be a far bigger deal than discovering microbes on Mars…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what would we hear? What would ET say? Would we be able to understand the language spoken? Would the discovery be any less monumental if we couldn't?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we would hear from ET might be similar to what we'd say to her. Beyond the accidental leakage of our radio and television broadcasts, what would our message be? \u003cem>Hello, here we are. Anyone out there? Eh? Bueller? Bueller?\u003c/em> But the nature of interstellar distances means we'd have to wait tens, or hundreds, or even thousands of years to hear any response to the query. It makes more practical sense just to listen….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for ET hearing our own broadcasts, in the time since we started making them the \"bubble\" of transmissions has swept out through our stellar neighborhood, out to a distance of about 70 light years at this point, which encompasses hundreds of stars and, as we now know, hundreds of exoplanets….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully the hibernation of the ATA is only a temporary pause, and SETI will soon get back to the job of putting Earth's big ear to the candidate Kepler worlds and listen intently for that world-changing whisper….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mars300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Mars has become a kind of mythic arena onto which we have projected our Earthly hopes and fears.”\u003c/strong> – \u003cem>Carl Sagan, Cosmos. (1980: New York, USA: Random House.) p. 106.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science to the side, Mars has meant many things to us earthlings. The Romans named the Red Planet after their god of war, and it has long been associated with masculinity. The symbol for the planet is the same circle extruding an arrow we use for the male gender. (Remember the 1992 self-help best-seller, \u003cem>Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus\u003c/em>?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of Mars and Martians have also provided much grist for the mills of popular culture. When I interviewed the scientists we feature in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/searching-for-life-on-mars\">Searching for Life on Mars\u003c/a>, I asked them about their favorite appearances of Mars in popular culture. Their answers–Edgar Rice Burroughs’ pulp swashbuckler from 1917, \u003cem>A Princess of Mars\u003c/em>, and the 1960’s American sit-com, \u003cem>My Favorite Martian\u003c/em>–represent the antipodes of the ways in which the modern imagination has regarded Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1917, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs\">Edgar Rice Burroughs\u003c/a> (best-remembered as the man who brought us Tarzan) published the first in what came to be a series of novels about the adventures of John Carter, a civil war veteran mysteriously transported to Mars in the midst of an Indian attack. Mars, called “Barsoon” by its inhabitants, is strictly divided along racial lines. Princess Dejah Toris belongs to the humanoid and civilized Red Martians, who are beset upon by the barbaric Green Martians, twelve feet tall, with four arms and huge eyes on the sides of their heads. As with Superman on Earth, the lower gravity on Mars endows Jon Carter with extraordinary powers, while his white skin, belonging to a noble race now extinct on Barsoon, gives him mythic status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, some authors imagined a more threatening Mars. \u003cem>War of the Worlds\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._G._Wells\">H.G. Wells\u003c/a>’ science fiction novel from 1898, was one of the first to imagine a conflict between humankind and a superior alien race. \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orson_Welles\">Orson Welles\u003c/a>’ realistic 1938 radio adaptation triggered panic as listeners mistook the broadcast for live coverage of an actual invasion. Successful movie adaptations of War of the Worlds were produced in 1953 and 2005. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The period after World War II became the heyday for Mars in popular culture, as Red Scare anxieties about invasion or infiltration at the hands of godless communists were given form in the artifacts of the day, from movies to bubble gum trading cards. Some of the highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-Ray Bradbury’s \u003cem>The Martian Chronicles\u003c/em> (1950) which recounts the efforts of earthlings to colonize an ancient Martian civilization, inadvertently succeeding through the chicken pox virus they brought with them;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>–\u003cem>Red Planet Mars \u003c/em>(1952) where radio transmissions from Mars incite revolutions on Earth–climaxing in the installation of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church on the throne of the Tsar–and are eventually revealed to be the voice of God Himself;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>–\u003cem>Invaders from Mars\u003c/em> (1953) where a boy is awakened to see a flying saucer disappear into a sandpit behind his home, and later, noticing an unusual red cut beneath his father’s hairline, sees him turn cold and hostile; \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>–\u003cem>Devil Girl from Mars \u003c/em>(1954) in which a statuesque and dominating Martian, dressed head-to-toe in black vinyl, leads a mission to Earth to restock the vanishing male population on Mars;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-The 1962 Topps trading card series \u003cem>Mars Attacks\u003c/em>, which depicted an invasion by sadistic and hideous Martians with so much explicit gore and implied sexuality that a public outcry led the company to halt production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1960’s, the sci-fi movie cycle had generated into cheapies such as \u003cem>Santa Claus Conquers the Martians \u003c/em>(1964) and \u003cem>Mars Needs Women \u003c/em>(1966). In mainstream American culture, extraterrestrials from the Red Planet were sufficiently domesticated for Ray Walston to play Uncle Martin in \u003cem>My Favorite Martian\u003c/em> (1963-1966). Martin’s ability to turn invisible when he raised his retractable antennae was played strictly for laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides nostalgia for the Martians of their youths, the scientists we interviewed, Chris McKay, David Blake, Nathalie Cabrol and Tori Hoehler, all offered speculation about a more serious consequence if life were confirmed on Mars. Christianity earlier embraced the geocentric views of Ptolemy and Aristotle where the Earth was the center of the universe, around which all else revolved, just as mankind was the center of God’s creation. The ideas that the Earth moved around the Sun, or that men evolved from apes were–and in some quarters still are–strenuously resisted as undermining the belief that life was created on Earth as part of a divine plan. If there were another, perhaps earlier creation, a second genesis–as proof of life on Mars would imply–what becomes of our starring role in history? What would be the effect on our pride, could our religions survive? For now, the answers to such questions are the province of the writers of science fiction, but if the scientists find what they’re looking for, that might not remain the case in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.3785351 -122.086585\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
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