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"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">coyotes\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985049/how-to-see-monarch-butterflies-are-visiting-california\">monarch butterflies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/11762/river-otters-are-thriving-all-over-the-bay-area#:~:text=River%20otters%20have%20proven%20themselves,the%20continued%20otter%20population%20growth.\">river otters\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/27260/banana-slugs-secret-of-the-slime\">banana slugs\u003c/a>, the Bay Area — and California more widely — offers an incredible array of wildlife and biodiversity on our front doorstep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you have loved ones visiting for the holiday season, it’s a great time to get outdoors on a hike to see the many species of slimy, furry, majestic animals California has to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessanfrancisco\">Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikeseastbay\">Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikesnorthbay\">Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessouthbay\">Wildlife hikes in South Bay and the Peninsula\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>California is home to over 30,000 species of plants and animals — and over half of them are in the Bay Area alone. The state is a hotspot for biodiversity thanks to its Mediterranean climate, our huge degree of latitudes and the wide range of habitats for plants and animals. With our soaring mountains and low-valley deserts, we also have the greatest range of elevation of any state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985513\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banana slug eats from the soil in the Big Basin area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. \u003ccite>(Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those latitudinal gradients also create all these different climates for different plants and animals to live in as well,” said Alison Young, co-director of the Center for Biodiversity and Community Science at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has many different ecosystems, from oak woodlands to shrubby chaparral, grasslands and redwood forests, said Julie Andersen, senior wildlife biologist at Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. Each area hosts unique animal species, from acorn woodpeckers to kangaroo rats, burrowing owls, banana slugs and migratory birds. We are also located along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/pacific-flyway\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>, a major flight path for migratory birds in the Americas, extending from Alaska to Patagonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Learning how to coexist with nature, providing pathways for wildlife, and being respectful will hopefully allow our amazing wildlife species to continue to thrive,” Andersen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else would you like to read a guide to from KQED?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All this means that we’re spoiled for choice in the Bay Area and beyond for hikes that offer the chance to see a wide range of wildlife. And as for where the experts themselves favor, Young, a marine biologist, said she especially loves exploring the different tide pools in the Bay Area. Nudibranchs, seastars, and anemones are some of her favorite finds when out tide pooling, like those at \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Points and Mavericks Cliffs Trail\u003c/a>. (Mark your calendars for the best times during the day to enjoy tide pools around the holidays, according to Young: The weekend after Thanksgiving, on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and the day after Christmas.)[aside postID='science_1985049,news_11910495,news_11953794' label='Related coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to people about tide pooling, everyone’s always like, “Oh, like it’s great, but you just have to wake up so early in the morning. I just can’t do it.” But this time of year in the winter, our low tides are actually in the afternoon,” Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For an optimal tide-pooling experience, Young advises people to look for low tides between -1.0 feet and -1.4 feet on tide charts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltwatertides.com/\">Saltwater Tides\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html\">NOAA Tide Predictions\u003c/a>. She also advises folks to wear rubber boots or shoes with good tread to avoid slipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Otstott, a graduate student at San Francisco State University, searches for nudibranchs in the tidepools at Pillar Point, just north of Half Moon Bay, California, as part of her work for the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for a list of some favorite Bay Area trails from the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/HZzRC0R94PIrAv8rCwOQ7m?domain=url.avanan.click\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and KQED staff that showcase our magnificent biodiversity. Be sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">download the iNaturalist app\u003c/a>, log your sightings, and have a great time admiring our wonderful wildlife. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&usp=sharing\">You can also consult our map of the best wildlife hikes around the Bay Area:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&ehbc=2E312F&ll=37.82111339029839%2C-122.2362494962034&z=9\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessanfrancisco\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/gallery/red-tailed-hawk\">See the red-tailed hawk in the Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>While you’re in the area, don’t forget to pay a visit to the \u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/facilities/facility/details/Bison-Paddock-224\">bison paddock at Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/wildparrots/\">See some wild parrots on Telegraph Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don’t forget about the sea lions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.pier39.com/sealions/\">Pier 39 in Embarcadero\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See swans and turtles at the \u003ca href=\"https://palaceoffinearts.com/\">Palace of Fine Arts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re on \u003ca href=\"https://goldengateaudubon.org/conservation/snowy-plovers/snowy-plovers-in-san-francisco/\">Ocean Beach\u003c/a>, be on the lookout for Snowy Plovers (and if you’ve got a pole and snare, Dungeness Crab!)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are a few places in San Francisco where you might be able to see coyotes, such as Glen Canyon Park, Presidio, McLaren Park and Golden Gate Park. However, be warned that the number of conflicts between coyotes and people with dogs has been on the rise. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">Here’s a guide about how to keep yourself and your pets safe with coyotes around\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985509\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"bison-golden-gate-park\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco has been replenishing the bison herd in Golden Gate Park since the late 1800s. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikesnorthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head on over to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin\u003c/a> to see tule elk, a native to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=450\">Armstrong Redwoods in Sonoma\u003c/a> is a great spot to see some banana slugs, especially after the rain.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>One recommended spot to see spawning salmon is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/wildlife_viewing_cohosalmon.htm\">Leo T. Cronin Fish Viewing Area\u003c/a> in Marin. The best time to see them is from early October to late December.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods National Monument\u003c/a>, be sure to look around for banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See river otters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/lodging/spring-lake-regional-park\">Spring Lake Regional Park in Sonoma\u003c/a>. Take part in the \u003ca href=\"https://riverotterecology.org/otter-spotter-community-based-science/\">Otter Spotter\u003c/a>, a community science program designed to collect, map and save otter sightings.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Looking to do some kayaking to see some bioluminescent plankton? Book a tour in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/otherlifeforms.htm\">Tomales Bay\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983841/glittering-tides-where-to-spot-bioluminescence-in-the-bay-area\">read our KQED guide to spotting bioluminescence\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The annual gray whale migration blows through Sonoma County from January to May, with good opportunities for whale spotting\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/articles/whale-watching-along-sonoma-coast\"> all along the Sonoma Coast\u003c/a>, like at Salt Point State Park. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953794/where-can-i-see-whales-around-the-bay-area\">Read KQED’s guide to seeing whales around the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a> in the southernmost part of Point Reyes in Marin is a great spot for tide pooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985512\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-768x518.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). \u003ccite>(C. Dani and I. Jeske / De Agostini Picture Library via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikeseastbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\">Tilden Regional Park\u003c/a>, Berkeley, to see banana slugs, newts, and salamanders. Take note that some roads in the park are closed to make way for newt crossings during newt migration season from November until March.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/reinhardt-redwood\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park\u003c/a> is also another great place to see banana slugs and salamanders, especially during or after the rain. “I think visiting the redwoods when it’s raining is one of the most magical things you can do,” Young said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Not a trail, but a great spot to see the fastest bird in the world, the Peregrine Falcon. The falcons have called the \u003ca href=\"https://visit.berkeley.edu/campus-attractions/campanile\">Historic Campanile\u003c/a> on the UC Berkeley Campus their home since 2016. \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/\">See them live via their webcams\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You might also be able to see more Peregrine Falcons in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/castle-rock\">Castle Rock Regional Recreation Area\u003c/a>, Contra Costa.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re looking for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends\">tarantulas during their mating season\u003c/a> (peaks in mid-October),\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol\"> Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/mountdiablo/\">Mount Diablo\u003c/a> are great places to see them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To see some turkeys in the area, you can head on over to the Strawberry Creek fire trail in \u003ca href=\"https://recwell.berkeley.edu/self-guided-adventures-strawberry-canyon/\">Strawberry Canyon\u003c/a> in Berkeley.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can see rabbits, lizards, snowy egrets, scaup and many other birds at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/martin-luther-king\">Martin Luther King Shoreline Park\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bat rays and night herons at \u003ca href=\"https://www.lakemerritt.org/\">Lake Merrit\u003c/a> are animals you can look out for in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During the winter, western monarch butterflies make their way to a number of overwintering sites in the Bay Area. You can also see them at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/ardenwood\">Ardenwood Historic Farm,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/aquatic-park\">Berkeley Aquatic Park\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/FacilityDirectory/FacilityDirectory/56/1670\">Albany Hill Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of tall redwood trees seen towering above.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park is a sprawling forest featuring redwood groves and rare wildlife, as well as trails, picnic areas and campsites. \u003ccite>(John Hudson Photography/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessouthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in South Bay and on the Peninsula\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27619\">Franklin Point Trail\u003c/a> in San Mateo leads to dunes and magnificent empty beaches. Once on the lookout, you might be able to get quite close to elephant seals. There’s also a chance to see whales, dolphins, and seabirds around.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During a low tide, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> in San Mateo is a great place to enjoy the tide pools. You can see sea creatures like nudibranchs and sea stars.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://openspacetrust.org/hike/mindego-hill/\">Mindego Hill trail in the Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve\u003c/a> is a favorite location for bobcats and rabbits. If this strenuous hike is not for you, another recommendation is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/ancient-oaks\">Ancient Oaks trail\u003c/a> — a great place to see woodland birds.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 3627px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3627\" height=\"2258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg 3627w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1440x896.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1180x735.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-960x598.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3627px) 100vw, 3627px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April. \u003ccite>(Frank Schulenburg/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Beyond the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can see western monarchs overwintering at the Monarch Butterfly Grove in \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach in Santa Cruz\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=666\">Forest of Nisene Marks State Park\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz, just south of the Peninsula, is a great hiking area, and you’re bound to see a banana slug or two on your hikes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/henrycowell/\">Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park\u003c/a> in Felton has some great trails to see banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See California condors and rare bats at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pinn/\">Pinnacles National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Enjoy a coastal hike and see some cool tide pools at \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Point and Mavericks Cliff trail\u003c/a> in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See migrating Sandhill Cranes near \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/3/Crane-Tour\">Lodi in the California Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A monarch butterfly rests on a plant outside.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A monarch butterfly lands on a plant growing in the schoolyard at International Community School in Oakland on Oct. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else would you like an explainer on from KQED?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on November 24.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "If you’re looking for holiday hikes near you in the Bay Area, we’ve rounded up our recommendations for the best ones that offer the chance to spot some of our region’s incredible wildlife.",
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"title": "Top Bay Area Hikes for Wildlife Spotting | KQED",
"description": "Discover scenic Bay Area trails perfect for spotting wildlife, from birds to mammals. Plan your next adventure with these top hiking spots.",
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"headline": "Where to Hike in the Bay Area for the Best Wildlife Encounters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">coyotes\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985049/how-to-see-monarch-butterflies-are-visiting-california\">monarch butterflies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/11762/river-otters-are-thriving-all-over-the-bay-area#:~:text=River%20otters%20have%20proven%20themselves,the%20continued%20otter%20population%20growth.\">river otters\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/27260/banana-slugs-secret-of-the-slime\">banana slugs\u003c/a>, the Bay Area — and California more widely — offers an incredible array of wildlife and biodiversity on our front doorstep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you have loved ones visiting for the holiday season, it’s a great time to get outdoors on a hike to see the many species of slimy, furry, majestic animals California has to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessanfrancisco\">Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikeseastbay\">Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikesnorthbay\">Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessouthbay\">Wildlife hikes in South Bay and the Peninsula\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>California is home to over 30,000 species of plants and animals — and over half of them are in the Bay Area alone. The state is a hotspot for biodiversity thanks to its Mediterranean climate, our huge degree of latitudes and the wide range of habitats for plants and animals. With our soaring mountains and low-valley deserts, we also have the greatest range of elevation of any state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985513\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banana slug eats from the soil in the Big Basin area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. \u003ccite>(Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those latitudinal gradients also create all these different climates for different plants and animals to live in as well,” said Alison Young, co-director of the Center for Biodiversity and Community Science at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has many different ecosystems, from oak woodlands to shrubby chaparral, grasslands and redwood forests, said Julie Andersen, senior wildlife biologist at Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. Each area hosts unique animal species, from acorn woodpeckers to kangaroo rats, burrowing owls, banana slugs and migratory birds. We are also located along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/pacific-flyway\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>, a major flight path for migratory birds in the Americas, extending from Alaska to Patagonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Learning how to coexist with nature, providing pathways for wildlife, and being respectful will hopefully allow our amazing wildlife species to continue to thrive,” Andersen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else would you like to read a guide to from KQED?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All this means that we’re spoiled for choice in the Bay Area and beyond for hikes that offer the chance to see a wide range of wildlife. And as for where the experts themselves favor, Young, a marine biologist, said she especially loves exploring the different tide pools in the Bay Area. Nudibranchs, seastars, and anemones are some of her favorite finds when out tide pooling, like those at \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Points and Mavericks Cliffs Trail\u003c/a>. (Mark your calendars for the best times during the day to enjoy tide pools around the holidays, according to Young: The weekend after Thanksgiving, on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and the day after Christmas.)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to people about tide pooling, everyone’s always like, “Oh, like it’s great, but you just have to wake up so early in the morning. I just can’t do it.” But this time of year in the winter, our low tides are actually in the afternoon,” Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For an optimal tide-pooling experience, Young advises people to look for low tides between -1.0 feet and -1.4 feet on tide charts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltwatertides.com/\">Saltwater Tides\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html\">NOAA Tide Predictions\u003c/a>. She also advises folks to wear rubber boots or shoes with good tread to avoid slipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Otstott, a graduate student at San Francisco State University, searches for nudibranchs in the tidepools at Pillar Point, just north of Half Moon Bay, California, as part of her work for the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for a list of some favorite Bay Area trails from the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/HZzRC0R94PIrAv8rCwOQ7m?domain=url.avanan.click\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and KQED staff that showcase our magnificent biodiversity. Be sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">download the iNaturalist app\u003c/a>, log your sightings, and have a great time admiring our wonderful wildlife. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&usp=sharing\">You can also consult our map of the best wildlife hikes around the Bay Area:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&ehbc=2E312F&ll=37.82111339029839%2C-122.2362494962034&z=9\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessanfrancisco\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/gallery/red-tailed-hawk\">See the red-tailed hawk in the Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>While you’re in the area, don’t forget to pay a visit to the \u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/facilities/facility/details/Bison-Paddock-224\">bison paddock at Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/wildparrots/\">See some wild parrots on Telegraph Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don’t forget about the sea lions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.pier39.com/sealions/\">Pier 39 in Embarcadero\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See swans and turtles at the \u003ca href=\"https://palaceoffinearts.com/\">Palace of Fine Arts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re on \u003ca href=\"https://goldengateaudubon.org/conservation/snowy-plovers/snowy-plovers-in-san-francisco/\">Ocean Beach\u003c/a>, be on the lookout for Snowy Plovers (and if you’ve got a pole and snare, Dungeness Crab!)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are a few places in San Francisco where you might be able to see coyotes, such as Glen Canyon Park, Presidio, McLaren Park and Golden Gate Park. However, be warned that the number of conflicts between coyotes and people with dogs has been on the rise. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">Here’s a guide about how to keep yourself and your pets safe with coyotes around\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985509\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"bison-golden-gate-park\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco has been replenishing the bison herd in Golden Gate Park since the late 1800s. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikesnorthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head on over to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin\u003c/a> to see tule elk, a native to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=450\">Armstrong Redwoods in Sonoma\u003c/a> is a great spot to see some banana slugs, especially after the rain.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>One recommended spot to see spawning salmon is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/wildlife_viewing_cohosalmon.htm\">Leo T. Cronin Fish Viewing Area\u003c/a> in Marin. The best time to see them is from early October to late December.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods National Monument\u003c/a>, be sure to look around for banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See river otters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/lodging/spring-lake-regional-park\">Spring Lake Regional Park in Sonoma\u003c/a>. Take part in the \u003ca href=\"https://riverotterecology.org/otter-spotter-community-based-science/\">Otter Spotter\u003c/a>, a community science program designed to collect, map and save otter sightings.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Looking to do some kayaking to see some bioluminescent plankton? Book a tour in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/otherlifeforms.htm\">Tomales Bay\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983841/glittering-tides-where-to-spot-bioluminescence-in-the-bay-area\">read our KQED guide to spotting bioluminescence\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The annual gray whale migration blows through Sonoma County from January to May, with good opportunities for whale spotting\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/articles/whale-watching-along-sonoma-coast\"> all along the Sonoma Coast\u003c/a>, like at Salt Point State Park. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953794/where-can-i-see-whales-around-the-bay-area\">Read KQED’s guide to seeing whales around the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a> in the southernmost part of Point Reyes in Marin is a great spot for tide pooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985512\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-768x518.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). \u003ccite>(C. Dani and I. Jeske / De Agostini Picture Library via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikeseastbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\">Tilden Regional Park\u003c/a>, Berkeley, to see banana slugs, newts, and salamanders. Take note that some roads in the park are closed to make way for newt crossings during newt migration season from November until March.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/reinhardt-redwood\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park\u003c/a> is also another great place to see banana slugs and salamanders, especially during or after the rain. “I think visiting the redwoods when it’s raining is one of the most magical things you can do,” Young said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Not a trail, but a great spot to see the fastest bird in the world, the Peregrine Falcon. The falcons have called the \u003ca href=\"https://visit.berkeley.edu/campus-attractions/campanile\">Historic Campanile\u003c/a> on the UC Berkeley Campus their home since 2016. \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/\">See them live via their webcams\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You might also be able to see more Peregrine Falcons in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/castle-rock\">Castle Rock Regional Recreation Area\u003c/a>, Contra Costa.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re looking for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends\">tarantulas during their mating season\u003c/a> (peaks in mid-October),\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol\"> Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/mountdiablo/\">Mount Diablo\u003c/a> are great places to see them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To see some turkeys in the area, you can head on over to the Strawberry Creek fire trail in \u003ca href=\"https://recwell.berkeley.edu/self-guided-adventures-strawberry-canyon/\">Strawberry Canyon\u003c/a> in Berkeley.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can see rabbits, lizards, snowy egrets, scaup and many other birds at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/martin-luther-king\">Martin Luther King Shoreline Park\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bat rays and night herons at \u003ca href=\"https://www.lakemerritt.org/\">Lake Merrit\u003c/a> are animals you can look out for in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During the winter, western monarch butterflies make their way to a number of overwintering sites in the Bay Area. You can also see them at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/ardenwood\">Ardenwood Historic Farm,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/aquatic-park\">Berkeley Aquatic Park\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/FacilityDirectory/FacilityDirectory/56/1670\">Albany Hill Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of tall redwood trees seen towering above.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park is a sprawling forest featuring redwood groves and rare wildlife, as well as trails, picnic areas and campsites. \u003ccite>(John Hudson Photography/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessouthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in South Bay and on the Peninsula\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27619\">Franklin Point Trail\u003c/a> in San Mateo leads to dunes and magnificent empty beaches. Once on the lookout, you might be able to get quite close to elephant seals. There’s also a chance to see whales, dolphins, and seabirds around.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During a low tide, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> in San Mateo is a great place to enjoy the tide pools. You can see sea creatures like nudibranchs and sea stars.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://openspacetrust.org/hike/mindego-hill/\">Mindego Hill trail in the Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve\u003c/a> is a favorite location for bobcats and rabbits. If this strenuous hike is not for you, another recommendation is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/ancient-oaks\">Ancient Oaks trail\u003c/a> — a great place to see woodland birds.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 3627px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3627\" height=\"2258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg 3627w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1440x896.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1180x735.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-960x598.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3627px) 100vw, 3627px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April. \u003ccite>(Frank Schulenburg/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Beyond the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can see western monarchs overwintering at the Monarch Butterfly Grove in \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach in Santa Cruz\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=666\">Forest of Nisene Marks State Park\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz, just south of the Peninsula, is a great hiking area, and you’re bound to see a banana slug or two on your hikes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/henrycowell/\">Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park\u003c/a> in Felton has some great trails to see banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See California condors and rare bats at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pinn/\">Pinnacles National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Enjoy a coastal hike and see some cool tide pools at \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Point and Mavericks Cliff trail\u003c/a> in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See migrating Sandhill Cranes near \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/3/Crane-Tour\">Lodi in the California Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A monarch butterfly rests on a plant outside.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A monarch butterfly lands on a plant growing in the schoolyard at International Community School in Oakland on Oct. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else would you like an explainer on from KQED?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on November 24.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Watch Jellyfish Go Through Their “Stack of Pancakes” Phase",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>When grown-up jellyfish love each other very much, they make huge numbers of teeny-tiny potato-shaped larvae. Those larvae grow into little polyps that cling to rocks and catch prey with their stinging tentacles. But their best trick is when they clone themselves by morphing into a stack of squirming jellyfish pancakes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason the ocean is full of jellyfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These creatures have mastered the ability to multiply themselves again and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult moon jellies grow to the size of dinner plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mature jellyfish like this is called a medusa for its resemblance to the ancient Greek monster with snakes for hair. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead of snakes, this medusa has stinging tentacles that paralyze its prey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tell by looking at them but there are male and female moon jellies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The males release sperm into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the females collect it to fertilize their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those eggs turn into larvae called planulae that mom sends out into the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They look like fuzzy little potatoes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each planula does its best to settle on something solid — like rock – and develops into this, a polyp the size of a pea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polyp clings to the rock with a sticky foot, like a miniature version of its colorful cousin, the sea anemone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its stinging tentacles catch prey that float by, like these tiny crustaceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each mouthful it grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See that budding out of its side? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a little clone!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few days the clone pops off, and settles in right next door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polyps make more polyps. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And more …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until they form a whole neighborhood of clones …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how do they go from tiny polyp stuck on a rock to giant medusa gliding through the open ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the water begins to cool at the end of summer, they go through yet another change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They slow down, stop hunting and develop these ridges along their sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a few weeks, the ridges get more and more pronounced, until the polyp looks like a stack of pancakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each individual pancake, called an ephyra, is a clone with the potential to grow into an adult. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s right, it’s a whole extra round of cloning called strobilation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It begins with a twitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ephyrae flex and convulse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They impatiently work to free themselves … from themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next ones in line can’t wait for their turn either. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they help push things along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that effort, the ephyra on the very end finally breaks free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes jellyfish are so successful that they explode in number, creating a jellyfish bloom. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s great for predators like barnacles that snatch them up when they’re young … and for sea turtles that scarf down the grown-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why moon jellies play the odds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making babies that clone themselves, and clone themselves again, jellies multiply their chances that some will make it all the way.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "When grown-up jellyfish love each other very much, they make huge numbers of teeny-tiny potato-shaped larvae. Those larvae grow into little polyps that cling to rocks and catch prey with their stinging tentacles. But their best trick is when they clone themselves by morphing into a stack of squirming jellyfish pancakes.",
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"description": "When grown-up jellyfish love each other very much, they make huge numbers of teeny-tiny potato-shaped larvae. Those larvae grow into little polyps that cling to rocks and catch prey with their stinging tentacles. But their best trick is when they clone themselves by morphing into a stack of squirming jellyfish pancakes.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>When grown-up jellyfish love each other very much, they make huge numbers of teeny-tiny potato-shaped larvae. Those larvae grow into little polyps that cling to rocks and catch prey with their stinging tentacles. But their best trick is when they clone themselves by morphing into a stack of squirming jellyfish pancakes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason the ocean is full of jellyfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These creatures have mastered the ability to multiply themselves again and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult moon jellies grow to the size of dinner plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mature jellyfish like this is called a medusa for its resemblance to the ancient Greek monster with snakes for hair. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead of snakes, this medusa has stinging tentacles that paralyze its prey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tell by looking at them but there are male and female moon jellies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The males release sperm into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the females collect it to fertilize their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those eggs turn into larvae called planulae that mom sends out into the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They look like fuzzy little potatoes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each planula does its best to settle on something solid — like rock – and develops into this, a polyp the size of a pea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polyp clings to the rock with a sticky foot, like a miniature version of its colorful cousin, the sea anemone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its stinging tentacles catch prey that float by, like these tiny crustaceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each mouthful it grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See that budding out of its side? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a little clone!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few days the clone pops off, and settles in right next door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polyps make more polyps. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And more …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until they form a whole neighborhood of clones …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how do they go from tiny polyp stuck on a rock to giant medusa gliding through the open ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the water begins to cool at the end of summer, they go through yet another change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They slow down, stop hunting and develop these ridges along their sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a few weeks, the ridges get more and more pronounced, until the polyp looks like a stack of pancakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each individual pancake, called an ephyra, is a clone with the potential to grow into an adult. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s right, it’s a whole extra round of cloning called strobilation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It begins with a twitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ephyrae flex and convulse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They impatiently work to free themselves … from themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next ones in line can’t wait for their turn either. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they help push things along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that effort, the ephyra on the very end finally breaks free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes jellyfish are so successful that they explode in number, creating a jellyfish bloom. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s great for predators like barnacles that snatch them up when they’re young … and for sea turtles that scarf down the grown-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why moon jellies play the odds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making babies that clone themselves, and clone themselves again, jellies multiply their chances that some will make it all the way.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Like its name suggests, the brown dog tick dines on dog blood. But as temperatures rise, they’re more likely to feast on you, too. That’s a problem, because the brown dog tick is a vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a disease that’s deadly to both dogs and humans.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To pet a dog is to know peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But who’s this interloper? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a brown dog tick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re the most widespread tick in the world, and the most adapted to living among us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown dog ticks are thought to have evolved alongside burrowing carnivores like foxes and weasels – and came indoors when we domesticated dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can be found in and around homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what’s worse, they spread bacteria that can be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They aren’t the ticks known for carrying Lyme disease. Those are blacklegged ticks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brown dog tick has grooves along its back, and they’re a solid, reddish brown. See the difference?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad085\">Assistant professor of animal science at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Laura Backus, whose research on the brown dog tick we explored in this episode, has spent a lot of time looking into tick populations in California and Mexico during her Ph.D. and postdoc at the University of California, Davis. Check out her team’s work exploring the role of wildlife in tick-borne diseases in this paper!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bugscope.beckman.illinois.edu/\">Microscopist T Josek took the incredible pictures of the brown dog tick’s Haller’s organ you saw in this episode. Learn more about their organization, Bugscope at the University of Illinois’s Beckman Institute here.\u003cbr>\n[/pullquote]\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter what kind of tick they are, they want one thing: blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to find that blood, they use what’s called the Haller’s organ, one near the tip of each foreleg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ticks use them to pick up chemical signals from the air: carbon dioxide, pheromones and humidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists believe the Haller’s organ even lets ticks detect the body heat of their prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All ticks have them, but they use them differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blacklegged tick “quests” – it stays put, waving its forelegs to sense when it can hop aboard a host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brown dog tick hunts, using that Haller’s organ to home in on a potential target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As its name suggests, a brown dog tick is happy to take all its meals from dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the right conditions, the brown dog tick will dine on you, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a problem, because they can transmit bacteria that cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a terrible disease that can kill both dogs and humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocky Mountain spotted fever usually occurs in small clusters in the United States and is relatively rare. But outbreaks in northern Mexico have killed hundreds of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And rising temperatures due to climate change are sparking some troubling tick behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s particularly hot out, brown dog ticks start craving human blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To investigate this, University of California, Davis researchers put a very good dog in a box and a very good human in another, connected by a plastic tube with hungry brown dog ticks inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t worry – there’s a screen here and here. The ticks can’t actually get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At room temperature, the ticks preferred dogs. But when researchers heated up the tube, to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, brown dog ticks preferred – you guessed it – us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still trying to determine why. In the meantime, researchers are developing vaccines to protect us from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tick treatments can keep the pests off of dogs. But they’re expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Sonoran Desert, in Southern California, volunteers remove ticks by putting their tweezers right up against a dog’s skin and pulling straight up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one is full of dog blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they give the dogs oral medicine for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look at these happy pals!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then it’s back to the petting frenzy you both deserve.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad085\">Assistant professor of animal science at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Laura Backus, whose research on the brown dog tick we explored in this episode, has spent a lot of time looking into tick populations in California and Mexico during her Ph.D. and postdoc at the University of California, Davis. Check out her team’s work exploring the role of wildlife in tick-borne diseases in this paper!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bugscope.beckman.illinois.edu/\">Microscopist T Josek took the incredible pictures of the brown dog tick’s Haller’s organ you saw in this episode. Learn more about their organization, Bugscope at the University of Illinois’s Beckman Institute here.\u003cbr>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter what kind of tick they are, they want one thing: blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to find that blood, they use what’s called the Haller’s organ, one near the tip of each foreleg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ticks use them to pick up chemical signals from the air: carbon dioxide, pheromones and humidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists believe the Haller’s organ even lets ticks detect the body heat of their prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All ticks have them, but they use them differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blacklegged tick “quests” – it stays put, waving its forelegs to sense when it can hop aboard a host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brown dog tick hunts, using that Haller’s organ to home in on a potential target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As its name suggests, a brown dog tick is happy to take all its meals from dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the right conditions, the brown dog tick will dine on you, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a problem, because they can transmit bacteria that cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a terrible disease that can kill both dogs and humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocky Mountain spotted fever usually occurs in small clusters in the United States and is relatively rare. But outbreaks in northern Mexico have killed hundreds of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And rising temperatures due to climate change are sparking some troubling tick behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s particularly hot out, brown dog ticks start craving human blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To investigate this, University of California, Davis researchers put a very good dog in a box and a very good human in another, connected by a plastic tube with hungry brown dog ticks inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t worry – there’s a screen here and here. The ticks can’t actually get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At room temperature, the ticks preferred dogs. But when researchers heated up the tube, to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, brown dog ticks preferred – you guessed it – us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still trying to determine why. In the meantime, researchers are developing vaccines to protect us from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tick treatments can keep the pests off of dogs. But they’re expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Sonoran Desert, in Southern California, volunteers remove ticks by putting their tweezers right up against a dog’s skin and pulling straight up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one is full of dog blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they give the dogs oral medicine for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look at these happy pals!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then it’s back to the petting frenzy you both deserve.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This fuzzy acorn weevil can’t crack open acorns like a woodpecker or chomp through them like a squirrel. Instead, she uses her incredibly long snout, called a rostrum, to power-drill through an acorn’s tough and resilient shell. And it’s not just lunch on her mind – she’s also making a nursery for her babies.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The acorn weevil is fuzzy, tenacious and hungry. But what stands out the most is its supersized, skillful snout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called a rostrum, and it’s perfect for digging into the acorns brimming from these California oak trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the acorn weevil right there? It blends right in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She uses her sensitive antennae to sniff and taste her way to the perfect acorn. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She goes for the soft green ones. This one is too hard. This one’s too bitter! This one’s just right. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her antennae don’t stick out right from her head; they would never reach the acorn. Instead they’re down here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her razor-sharp mouth sits at the very tip. She makes tiny cuts in the acorn’s surface to break through the hardest part of the nut. Once it’s weakened, she punches through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rostrum’s downward curve lets her bite into the acorn directly beneath her. She often digs in under the cap. Maybe it’s easier to grab on there, or softer underneath it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, she bores in. Rotating her head and using her snout as a drill. She chows down as she goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her antennae start to get in the way, no problem. She just tucks half of each one into these side channels called scrobes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, she creates an arrow-straight tunnel. The naturally arched rostrum straightens as it drills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can do this because the rostrum has two layers: a hard and thin outer cover, called the exocuticle, and a flexible and thick inside, the endocuticle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might be wondering: Where are the males? They’re here too. You’ll know them by their short rostrum. But that’s OK. They’re only tunneling into acorns for food. A female sports a rostrum as long as her body. Because she isn’t just eating. She’s building a nursery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deeper she digs, the safer her babies will be. After she’s done carving, she turns around and extends an egg-laying organ, her ovipositor. But it doesn’t just drop eggs. Its tip can smell and taste to make sure the environment will be suitable for her growing babies. Once she’s convinced, she deposits her eggs one by one. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she still has more eggs to lay. And she can’t put them all in one basket. She lays her eggs all over the oak to increase the chance they’ll survive, drilling into dozens of acorns. But that’s exhausting. So sometimes, she tries to nab another weevil’s tunnel for her own babies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is mom vs. mom! Not this time! Go find your own acorn!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few weeks, the larva eats and grows. Once the acorns have darkened and matured, they fall to the ground. Using its powerful mandibles, the larva chews its way out of its safe home. That’s a tight squeeze!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediately, it burrows into the soil for protection. It will emerge in a coming season, waking up just as the new green acorns grow in the canopy above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, the weevil will travel up the tree in search of its own perfect acorn, one that’s just right for its growing family.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This fuzzy acorn weevil can’t crack open acorns like a woodpecker or chomp through them like a squirrel. Instead, she uses her incredibly long snout, called a rostrum, to power-drill through an acorn’s tough and resilient shell. And it’s not just lunch on her mind – she’s also making a nursery for her babies.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The acorn weevil is fuzzy, tenacious and hungry. But what stands out the most is its supersized, skillful snout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called a rostrum, and it’s perfect for digging into the acorns brimming from these California oak trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the acorn weevil right there? It blends right in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She uses her sensitive antennae to sniff and taste her way to the perfect acorn. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She goes for the soft green ones. This one is too hard. This one’s too bitter! This one’s just right. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her antennae don’t stick out right from her head; they would never reach the acorn. Instead they’re down here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her razor-sharp mouth sits at the very tip. She makes tiny cuts in the acorn’s surface to break through the hardest part of the nut. Once it’s weakened, she punches through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rostrum’s downward curve lets her bite into the acorn directly beneath her. She often digs in under the cap. Maybe it’s easier to grab on there, or softer underneath it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, she bores in. Rotating her head and using her snout as a drill. She chows down as she goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her antennae start to get in the way, no problem. She just tucks half of each one into these side channels called scrobes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, she creates an arrow-straight tunnel. The naturally arched rostrum straightens as it drills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can do this because the rostrum has two layers: a hard and thin outer cover, called the exocuticle, and a flexible and thick inside, the endocuticle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might be wondering: Where are the males? They’re here too. You’ll know them by their short rostrum. But that’s OK. They’re only tunneling into acorns for food. A female sports a rostrum as long as her body. Because she isn’t just eating. She’s building a nursery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deeper she digs, the safer her babies will be. After she’s done carving, she turns around and extends an egg-laying organ, her ovipositor. But it doesn’t just drop eggs. Its tip can smell and taste to make sure the environment will be suitable for her growing babies. Once she’s convinced, she deposits her eggs one by one. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she still has more eggs to lay. And she can’t put them all in one basket. She lays her eggs all over the oak to increase the chance they’ll survive, drilling into dozens of acorns. But that’s exhausting. So sometimes, she tries to nab another weevil’s tunnel for her own babies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is mom vs. mom! Not this time! Go find your own acorn!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few weeks, the larva eats and grows. Once the acorns have darkened and matured, they fall to the ground. Using its powerful mandibles, the larva chews its way out of its safe home. That’s a tight squeeze!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediately, it burrows into the soil for protection. It will emerge in a coming season, waking up just as the new green acorns grow in the canopy above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, the weevil will travel up the tree in search of its own perfect acorn, one that’s just right for its growing family.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update, 11:30 a.m., Jan. 31\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizen scientists and volunteers have counted over 233,300 monarch butterflies across the western United States as part of \u003ca href=\"https://westernmonarchcount.org/western-monarch-count-tallies-233394-butterflies/\">Xerces Society’s 27th annual count\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This total, calculated from Nov. 11 through Dec. 3, 2023, is slightly lower than last year’s count — and remains at just 5% of their \u003ca href=\"https://www.xerces.org/blog/current-status-of-western-monarch-butterflies-by-numbers\">numbers from the 1980s when the monarch population was in the millions\u003c/a>. But it is far better than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971791/only-2000-monarch-butterflies-remain-in-california-but-they-still-dont-have-protection\">2020’s record-low count of just 2,000 butterflies \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956190/just-29000-western-monarch-butterflies-are-left-in-california-thats-down-from-millions\">2021’s meager 29,000.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite ongoing efforts to save the butterflies, western monarchs face a decades-long severe decline. “A lot of insect loss — not just for monarchs — is linked to habitat loss, and part of the solution is widespread rewilding and habitat restoration,” said Emma Pelton, a monarch conservation biologist with the Xerces Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of pesticides, disease and a changing climate may also have contributed to the decline in monarch butterflies, Pelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 400 volunteers and partners participated in the annual Thanksgiving count coordinated by the Xerces Society. “Volunteers and partners are the heartbeat of the Western Monarch Count community science effort,” said Isis Howard, who coordinates the count for the Xerces Society. “They embody a collective commitment to the conservation of western monarch butterflies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/volunteer/wmc\">Read more about volunteering for the monarch butterfly count\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original story from Nov. 3, 2023, continues:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fall and winter are when western monarch butterflies get all the spotlight here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11901374/how-you-can-help-save-the-monarch-butterfly-and-other-pollinators\">these brilliant fluttering insects in hues of orange and black\u003c/a> make their way from west of the Rocky Mountain Range to the many overwintering sites in coastal California. Our coastal forests provide a mild seaside climate and suitable microhabitat for them to cluster to stay warm before leaving again in early spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual monarch butterfly migration cycle is one of the most spectacular events in the insect world. Western monarchs usually start showing up here in coastal California right around mid-October. This year, some of the very first clusters were reported at the very beginning of October — which is a little earlier than in the past few years, according to Emma Pelton, a conservation biologist at Xerces Society, a wildlife organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In really warm fall years, we see later aggregating and clustering,” Pelton said. But because the Pacific coast has had more “chaotic weather patterns” in recent years due to climate change, she noted, it’s not always easy to predict precisely when the monarch clustering will occur. And it’s local weather conditions that really drive a lot of these butterflies to cluster or then break up, Pelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985064\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2124px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2124\" height=\"1411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669.jpg 2124w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-2048x1361.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-1920x1275.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2124px) 100vw, 2124px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) resting on a tree branch in their winter nesting area. Taken in Santa Cruz, California. \u003ccite>(GomezDavid/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Where to see monarchs near the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coastal groves and eucalyptus trees provide a temperate and protected environment for the butterflies during their hibernation. So, if you want to see their bright colors, you’ll want to head south on Hwy 1 from the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few places in California where monarchs frequently find refuge in colder winter months:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pgmuseum.org/monarch-viewing/\">Pacific Grove’s butterfly grove\u003c/a> near Monterey\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=550\">Lighthouse Field State Beach\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=595\">Pismo State Beach\u003c/a> in San Luis Obispo\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Some lesser-known sites in Alameda county in the Bay Area where monarchs have been seen in the past include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/ardenwood\">The Ardenwood Historic Farm\u003c/a> in Fremont\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/aquatic-park\">Berkeley Aquatic Park\u003c/a> in Berkeley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/FacilityDirectory/FacilityDirectory/56/1670\">Albany Hill Park\u003c/a> in Albany\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Xerces has a \u003ca href=\"https://westernmonarchcount.org/map-of-overwintering-sites/\">map of all the monarch butterfly overwintering sites in California\u003c/a>, but note that some of these locations might not be open to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Western monarch numbers over the years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1980427,news_11901374,science_1956190' label='Related coverage']In the 1980s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calparks.org/monarchs\">over 4 million western monarch butterflies migrated to the coast annually\u003c/a>. But by the mid-2010s, the population had declined to around 200,000 butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both 2018 and 2019, volunteers counted under 30,000 monarchs. That downward pattern continued in 2020, when volunteers counted a record low of less than 2,000 monarchs, according to Xerces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some good news, however, has come in more recent years. In 2021 and 2022, the numbers went back up to around the 300,000 mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has inspired a lot more hope that the migration can be saved. And we need to double down on our conservation actions,” said Pelton, with the Xerces Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reasons like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956190/just-29000-western-monarch-butterflies-are-left-in-california-thats-down-from-millions\">habitat loss, use of pesticides, disease, and a changing climate\u003c/a> may have contributed to the decline in monarch butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I help monarch butterflies?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The easiest way to get involved is to log your monarch sightings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you see a monarch, Pelton encourages folks to record that on community science applications like \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">iNaturalist\u003c/a>. Not only that, you can also help by logging sightings of milkweed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.xerces.org/milkweed-faq\">the plant monarch butterfly’s need for their caterpillars\u003c/a>. The data from iNaturalist feeds into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.monarchmilkweedmapper.org/\">Western Monarch Milkweed Mapper\u003c/a>, which is used by researchers in the monarch world to “understand where and when butterflies are, where and when milkweed is,” Pelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way people can help with monarch butterfly conservation is by planting more native milkweed in their home gardens or neighborhoods, like in community gardens, schools or at places of worship. “I think everyone has a role in planting nectar plants that support monarchs,” Pelton said. Through programs like the \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/pollinator-conservation/habitat-kits\">Xerces Habitat Kit\u003c/a>, folks can apply for free native milkweed and other host plants for other butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DC8INr7tvQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing to note: Pelton advises avoiding the tropical milkweed species Asclepias Curassavica. Tropical milkweed can potentially interrupt monarch migration and help spread disease caused by a parasite called Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, or OE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s increasing evidence showing that pesticides may be contributing to the declining monarch populations, Pelton said. This means that thinking about ways to lower our reliance on pesticides in general, both in our agricultural and urban areas, can be a significant way to support the habitat for monarchs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelton advocates for focusing on “the bigger picture issues like climate change policies, pesticide regulation and registration — things that support wildlife, native plants, and native habitats on our landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can I take part in the annual Thanksgiving and New Year’s count of monarchs?[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Emma Pelton, a conservation biologist at Xerces Society\"]“I like to think of monarchs as a little bit of a Trojan horse. We’re going to get people hooked, and then really we’re going to get them into all these other conservation [efforts].”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peak numbers for monarch butterflies begin in November — which is also the time when Xerces conducts their annual Thanksgiving monarch count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year will be the 27th annual \u003ca href=\"https://westernmonarchcount.org/\">Western Monarch Count\u003c/a>, and volunteers can take part between Nov. 11 and Dec. 3 during the Thanksgiving count and again between Dec. 23 and Jan. 7 during the New Year’s count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdILTQuNbV0SOT7IJ7MaGqHtTrBU8NlCCxeupxtmjtzb7xa9w/viewform\">sign up\u003c/a> to join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/sunrise-monarch-count-training-with-zach-zito-and-the-xerces-society-tickets-740309725317?utm_source=eventbrite&utm_medium=email&utm_content=follow_notification&utm_campaign=following_published_event&utm_term=Sunrise+Monarch+Count+Training+with+Zach+Zito+and+the+Xerces+Society&aff=ebemoffollowpublishemail\">free training on Nov. 4\u003c/a>. You’ll also have access to \u003ca href=\"https://www.westernmonarchcount.org/training-videos/\">online training videos\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Next step for conservation enthusiasts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pelton hopes that some of the excitement around western monarch conservation can spread to other insects that are maybe less beloved. “I like to think of monarchs as a little bit of a Trojan horse,” she said. “We’re going to get people hooked, and then really we’re going to get them into all these other conservation [efforts].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the conservation of California’s beautiful black and yellow bumble bees, for example. The California Bumble Bee Atlas is a community science effort to track and conserve the species, which Pelton calls “big, fuzzy, beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have very clear patterns on them,” she said — and it doesn’t take a ton of training or time to start to be able to identify individual species of the bumblebee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biodiversity crisis and how that intersects with the climate change crisis is something that we also all should be thinking about, Pelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Habitat is just one of those really great ways where we can tackle the problem — by creating refuges and creating a diversity of habitats [wildlife] can use, so they can adapt in a changing climate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update, 11:30 a.m., Jan. 31\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizen scientists and volunteers have counted over 233,300 monarch butterflies across the western United States as part of \u003ca href=\"https://westernmonarchcount.org/western-monarch-count-tallies-233394-butterflies/\">Xerces Society’s 27th annual count\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This total, calculated from Nov. 11 through Dec. 3, 2023, is slightly lower than last year’s count — and remains at just 5% of their \u003ca href=\"https://www.xerces.org/blog/current-status-of-western-monarch-butterflies-by-numbers\">numbers from the 1980s when the monarch population was in the millions\u003c/a>. But it is far better than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971791/only-2000-monarch-butterflies-remain-in-california-but-they-still-dont-have-protection\">2020’s record-low count of just 2,000 butterflies \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956190/just-29000-western-monarch-butterflies-are-left-in-california-thats-down-from-millions\">2021’s meager 29,000.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite ongoing efforts to save the butterflies, western monarchs face a decades-long severe decline. “A lot of insect loss — not just for monarchs — is linked to habitat loss, and part of the solution is widespread rewilding and habitat restoration,” said Emma Pelton, a monarch conservation biologist with the Xerces Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of pesticides, disease and a changing climate may also have contributed to the decline in monarch butterflies, Pelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 400 volunteers and partners participated in the annual Thanksgiving count coordinated by the Xerces Society. “Volunteers and partners are the heartbeat of the Western Monarch Count community science effort,” said Isis Howard, who coordinates the count for the Xerces Society. “They embody a collective commitment to the conservation of western monarch butterflies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/volunteer/wmc\">Read more about volunteering for the monarch butterfly count\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original story from Nov. 3, 2023, continues:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fall and winter are when western monarch butterflies get all the spotlight here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11901374/how-you-can-help-save-the-monarch-butterfly-and-other-pollinators\">these brilliant fluttering insects in hues of orange and black\u003c/a> make their way from west of the Rocky Mountain Range to the many overwintering sites in coastal California. Our coastal forests provide a mild seaside climate and suitable microhabitat for them to cluster to stay warm before leaving again in early spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual monarch butterfly migration cycle is one of the most spectacular events in the insect world. Western monarchs usually start showing up here in coastal California right around mid-October. This year, some of the very first clusters were reported at the very beginning of October — which is a little earlier than in the past few years, according to Emma Pelton, a conservation biologist at Xerces Society, a wildlife organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In really warm fall years, we see later aggregating and clustering,” Pelton said. But because the Pacific coast has had more “chaotic weather patterns” in recent years due to climate change, she noted, it’s not always easy to predict precisely when the monarch clustering will occur. And it’s local weather conditions that really drive a lot of these butterflies to cluster or then break up, Pelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985064\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2124px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2124\" height=\"1411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669.jpg 2124w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-2048x1361.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-184945669-1920x1275.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2124px) 100vw, 2124px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) resting on a tree branch in their winter nesting area. Taken in Santa Cruz, California. \u003ccite>(GomezDavid/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Where to see monarchs near the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coastal groves and eucalyptus trees provide a temperate and protected environment for the butterflies during their hibernation. So, if you want to see their bright colors, you’ll want to head south on Hwy 1 from the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few places in California where monarchs frequently find refuge in colder winter months:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pgmuseum.org/monarch-viewing/\">Pacific Grove’s butterfly grove\u003c/a> near Monterey\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=550\">Lighthouse Field State Beach\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=595\">Pismo State Beach\u003c/a> in San Luis Obispo\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Some lesser-known sites in Alameda county in the Bay Area where monarchs have been seen in the past include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/ardenwood\">The Ardenwood Historic Farm\u003c/a> in Fremont\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/aquatic-park\">Berkeley Aquatic Park\u003c/a> in Berkeley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/FacilityDirectory/FacilityDirectory/56/1670\">Albany Hill Park\u003c/a> in Albany\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Xerces has a \u003ca href=\"https://westernmonarchcount.org/map-of-overwintering-sites/\">map of all the monarch butterfly overwintering sites in California\u003c/a>, but note that some of these locations might not be open to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Western monarch numbers over the years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the 1980s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calparks.org/monarchs\">over 4 million western monarch butterflies migrated to the coast annually\u003c/a>. But by the mid-2010s, the population had declined to around 200,000 butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both 2018 and 2019, volunteers counted under 30,000 monarchs. That downward pattern continued in 2020, when volunteers counted a record low of less than 2,000 monarchs, according to Xerces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some good news, however, has come in more recent years. In 2021 and 2022, the numbers went back up to around the 300,000 mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has inspired a lot more hope that the migration can be saved. And we need to double down on our conservation actions,” said Pelton, with the Xerces Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reasons like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956190/just-29000-western-monarch-butterflies-are-left-in-california-thats-down-from-millions\">habitat loss, use of pesticides, disease, and a changing climate\u003c/a> may have contributed to the decline in monarch butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I help monarch butterflies?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The easiest way to get involved is to log your monarch sightings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you see a monarch, Pelton encourages folks to record that on community science applications like \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">iNaturalist\u003c/a>. Not only that, you can also help by logging sightings of milkweed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.xerces.org/milkweed-faq\">the plant monarch butterfly’s need for their caterpillars\u003c/a>. The data from iNaturalist feeds into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.monarchmilkweedmapper.org/\">Western Monarch Milkweed Mapper\u003c/a>, which is used by researchers in the monarch world to “understand where and when butterflies are, where and when milkweed is,” Pelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way people can help with monarch butterfly conservation is by planting more native milkweed in their home gardens or neighborhoods, like in community gardens, schools or at places of worship. “I think everyone has a role in planting nectar plants that support monarchs,” Pelton said. Through programs like the \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/pollinator-conservation/habitat-kits\">Xerces Habitat Kit\u003c/a>, folks can apply for free native milkweed and other host plants for other butterflies.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/3DC8INr7tvQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/3DC8INr7tvQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing to note: Pelton advises avoiding the tropical milkweed species Asclepias Curassavica. Tropical milkweed can potentially interrupt monarch migration and help spread disease caused by a parasite called Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, or OE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s increasing evidence showing that pesticides may be contributing to the declining monarch populations, Pelton said. This means that thinking about ways to lower our reliance on pesticides in general, both in our agricultural and urban areas, can be a significant way to support the habitat for monarchs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelton advocates for focusing on “the bigger picture issues like climate change policies, pesticide regulation and registration — things that support wildlife, native plants, and native habitats on our landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can I take part in the annual Thanksgiving and New Year’s count of monarchs?\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“I like to think of monarchs as a little bit of a Trojan horse. We’re going to get people hooked, and then really we’re going to get them into all these other conservation [efforts].”",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peak numbers for monarch butterflies begin in November — which is also the time when Xerces conducts their annual Thanksgiving monarch count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year will be the 27th annual \u003ca href=\"https://westernmonarchcount.org/\">Western Monarch Count\u003c/a>, and volunteers can take part between Nov. 11 and Dec. 3 during the Thanksgiving count and again between Dec. 23 and Jan. 7 during the New Year’s count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdILTQuNbV0SOT7IJ7MaGqHtTrBU8NlCCxeupxtmjtzb7xa9w/viewform\">sign up\u003c/a> to join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/sunrise-monarch-count-training-with-zach-zito-and-the-xerces-society-tickets-740309725317?utm_source=eventbrite&utm_medium=email&utm_content=follow_notification&utm_campaign=following_published_event&utm_term=Sunrise+Monarch+Count+Training+with+Zach+Zito+and+the+Xerces+Society&aff=ebemoffollowpublishemail\">free training on Nov. 4\u003c/a>. You’ll also have access to \u003ca href=\"https://www.westernmonarchcount.org/training-videos/\">online training videos\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Next step for conservation enthusiasts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pelton hopes that some of the excitement around western monarch conservation can spread to other insects that are maybe less beloved. “I like to think of monarchs as a little bit of a Trojan horse,” she said. “We’re going to get people hooked, and then really we’re going to get them into all these other conservation [efforts].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the conservation of California’s beautiful black and yellow bumble bees, for example. The California Bumble Bee Atlas is a community science effort to track and conserve the species, which Pelton calls “big, fuzzy, beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have very clear patterns on them,” she said — and it doesn’t take a ton of training or time to start to be able to identify individual species of the bumblebee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biodiversity crisis and how that intersects with the climate change crisis is something that we also all should be thinking about, Pelton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Habitat is just one of those really great ways where we can tackle the problem — by creating refuges and creating a diversity of habitats [wildlife] can use, so they can adapt in a changing climate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For the fifth year, California wildlife officials delayed \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/News/Archive/cdfw-restricts-recreational-crab-traps-and-delays-the-commercial-dungeness-crab-fishery-to-protect-whales-from-entanglement1#gsc.tab=0\">commercial crab season\u003c/a> due to migrating humpback whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delay will last at least until the end of November, but last year, the season did not open until New Year’s Eve. The restrictions result from a 2017 lawsuit over keeping humpback whales out of fishing gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Charlton H. Bonham, director, California Department of Fish and Wildlife\"]‘Large aggregations of humpback whales continue to forage between Bodega Bay and Monterey, and allowing the use of crab traps would increase the risk of an entanglement in those fishing zones.’[/pullquote]“Large aggregations of humpback whales continue to forage between Bodega Bay and Monterey, and allowing the use of crab traps would increase the risk of an entanglement in those fishing zones,” California Department of Fish and Wildlife Director Charlton H. Bonham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers believe the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ocean-heat-waves-linked-to-rise-in-whale-entanglements/\">endangered whales swim closer to shore because ocean warming has brought prey closer to land\u003c/a>, which intersects in the areas where fishermen crab. The whales can get caught in the lines that are linked between crab pots on the ocean floor to buoys, resulting in killing the mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state anticipates its following risk assessment will occur around Nov. 17 to see if the season can open in early December. The department postponed the season after aerial inspections counted more than 100 humpback whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will continue to work with both the recreational and commercial Dungeness crab fisheries to protect whales while working to maximize fishing opportunities,” Bonham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has also restricted recreational Dungeness crab fishing between the Sonoma/Mendocino County line and Lopez Point in Monterey County until Nov. 4. In the area around the Bay Area, sport crabbers will only be able to use hoop nets and crab snares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups applauded the decision to protect the endangered species and said the state could go even further to protect the swimming mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State officials made the right decision by delaying the Dungeness crab season opening since there are still lots of humpback whales in the water,” said Ben Grundy, oceans campaigner at the Center for Biological Diversity. “We could avoid entanglement risks to whales and prevent these delays altogether if the state authorized pop-up fishing gear for commercial use. Pop-up gear gets countless fishing lines out of the water and is the best way to protect marine life and allow crab fishing to proceed safely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For crabbers, the delay could mean that crabbing crews won’t be able to work, which puts crabbing operations into jeopardy, said John Barnett, president of the San Francisco Crab Boat Owners Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1983155,arts_13924803,news_11953794\"]“It definitely affects my ability to work because the weather gets rougher, and if you don’t know when you’re going to go fishing, your crew eventually will leave,” he said. “A couple of years ago, my crew bailed on me. It’s a difficult position to be in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s delay means the crabs people buy in California will likely be frozen by distributors or from out of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Thanksgiving market is crucial to distributing crabs,” Barnett said. “It is considered a Thanksgiving and Christmas tradition, but they might not be California fresh crabs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His more significant concern is that if the state further delays the season, supply will be low along the entire West Coast, and prices could rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They aren’t catching enough up there (from out of state, in places like Washington) to supply the country, let alone the whole West Coast,” he said. “It’s a tough, tricky situation we’re going through right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the fifth year, California wildlife officials delayed \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/News/Archive/cdfw-restricts-recreational-crab-traps-and-delays-the-commercial-dungeness-crab-fishery-to-protect-whales-from-entanglement1#gsc.tab=0\">commercial crab season\u003c/a> due to migrating humpback whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delay will last at least until the end of November, but last year, the season did not open until New Year’s Eve. The restrictions result from a 2017 lawsuit over keeping humpback whales out of fishing gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Large aggregations of humpback whales continue to forage between Bodega Bay and Monterey, and allowing the use of crab traps would increase the risk of an entanglement in those fishing zones,” California Department of Fish and Wildlife Director Charlton H. Bonham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers believe the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ocean-heat-waves-linked-to-rise-in-whale-entanglements/\">endangered whales swim closer to shore because ocean warming has brought prey closer to land\u003c/a>, which intersects in the areas where fishermen crab. The whales can get caught in the lines that are linked between crab pots on the ocean floor to buoys, resulting in killing the mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state anticipates its following risk assessment will occur around Nov. 17 to see if the season can open in early December. The department postponed the season after aerial inspections counted more than 100 humpback whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will continue to work with both the recreational and commercial Dungeness crab fisheries to protect whales while working to maximize fishing opportunities,” Bonham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has also restricted recreational Dungeness crab fishing between the Sonoma/Mendocino County line and Lopez Point in Monterey County until Nov. 4. In the area around the Bay Area, sport crabbers will only be able to use hoop nets and crab snares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups applauded the decision to protect the endangered species and said the state could go even further to protect the swimming mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State officials made the right decision by delaying the Dungeness crab season opening since there are still lots of humpback whales in the water,” said Ben Grundy, oceans campaigner at the Center for Biological Diversity. “We could avoid entanglement risks to whales and prevent these delays altogether if the state authorized pop-up fishing gear for commercial use. Pop-up gear gets countless fishing lines out of the water and is the best way to protect marine life and allow crab fishing to proceed safely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For crabbers, the delay could mean that crabbing crews won’t be able to work, which puts crabbing operations into jeopardy, said John Barnett, president of the San Francisco Crab Boat Owners Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It definitely affects my ability to work because the weather gets rougher, and if you don’t know when you’re going to go fishing, your crew eventually will leave,” he said. “A couple of years ago, my crew bailed on me. It’s a difficult position to be in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s delay means the crabs people buy in California will likely be frozen by distributors or from out of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Thanksgiving market is crucial to distributing crabs,” Barnett said. “It is considered a Thanksgiving and Christmas tradition, but they might not be California fresh crabs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His more significant concern is that if the state further delays the season, supply will be low along the entire West Coast, and prices could rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They aren’t catching enough up there (from out of state, in places like Washington) to supply the country, let alone the whole West Coast,” he said. “It’s a tough, tricky situation we’re going through right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you think you have seen more coyotes roaming San Francisco’s parks lately, you might be right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pan3.10549\">new study\u003c/a> found exactly that. People reported an increasing number of coyote sightings to San Francisco’s animal control over the past decade. Researchers analyzed 4,000 of these and also found the number of reports “constituting conflict” has been on the rise over the past five years, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things like a dog being taken by a coyote, or a person was boldly approached by a coyote trying to get food from them,” said the study’s lead author, \u003ca href=\"https://scrappynaturalist.com/\">Christine Wilkinson\u003c/a>. Wilkinson is a conservation scientist at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those conflict reports involve dogs, especially off-leash dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coyotes, like dogs, are canids, so they see dogs as fellow creatures and sometimes rivals and sometimes prey,” said Deb Campbell from San Francisco Animal Care and Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coyotes will follow with people walking their dogs and sometimes get protective if dogs are near their dens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jump straight to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#dogconflicts\">When am I more likely to have a coyote conflict?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#coyotebehavior\">What is normal coyote behavior? What should I do if a coyote approaches me (and my dog)?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#coyotecoexist\">What can we do to make coexisting with coyotes a little easier?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Francisco’s coyotes: a brief history\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coyotes play an important role in our ecosystem. They primarily feed on rodents, which helps control pests in our communities, and they are highly intelligent and adaptable animals that have learned to survive and thrive in urban and residential areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coyotes are native to California and have been roaming San Francisco green spaces since the 20th century. Records show that they were seen in Golden Gate Park since as early as 1925. However, coyotes started to disappear due to habitat loss caused by urban expansion in the area, hunting and poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2002, they made their comeback to places like the Presidio and other parks around San Francisco. Since then, coyotes have populated various green spaces across the city, according to Campbell. [aside postID='science_1942170,news_11799871,news_11442179' label='Related coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t know the exact number of coyotes in the Bay Area. There’s no rigorous program to track them. But Campbell estimates there are “dozens” of coyotes in the city today — probably not more than 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way to truly know the population, just like how we would not be able to say how many raccoons live in the city. We pick up close to 30 dead coyotes each year,” Campbell said, noting they are mostly hit by cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help understand coyote behavior, animal control started collecting phone and email reports of coyote sightings in 2006 and via an online form in 2017. “These community-curated data sets that have all this information about people’s experiences are really special,” Wilkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data helps researchers like Wilkinson get a sense of coyote sighting trends and what’s happening on the ground with the coyotes and their behavior and ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"dogconflicts\">\u003c/a>When do dog conflicts increase?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coyote pupping season typically runs from March until September. It’s the time when female coyotes are getting ready to give birth to their pups and when their pups are born. Coyote parents are more protective of their homes or denning areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early summer, coyote parents are more active and protective of their pups as their young ones venture out of their dens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get a lot of reports during denning and pupping season where coyotes will follow people with dogs, usually medium to large dogs, arch their back, show their teeth, basically they do their best to look menacing — all behaviors that are saying ‘go away,’” Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coyotes exhibit these protective behaviors towards canines, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://presidio.gov/about/sustainability/coyotes-in-the-presidio\">Presidio website\u003c/a>. Places like the Presidio, where many of our coyotes roam, typically close sections of trails near a den area to dog walking during pupping season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell said the coyotes will “escort” or follow dogs away from their dens until they feel the dog is no longer a threat. “People walking their dogs often mistake this protective behavior for aggression,” Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unintended consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns between 2020 and 2022 was an increase in coyote conflicts, which could be due to the animals having more space for themselves, with less human interaction, Wilkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"coyotebehavior\">\u003c/a>What is normal coyote behavior? What should I do if a coyote approaches me (and my dog)?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We should remember that coyotes are timid animals with a natural fear of humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they tend to be most active in the evenings and early mornings, they can move around throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban coyotes don’t have many large predators and have not learned to view humans as hunting predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you find yourself within 50 feet of a coyote, and it approaches you or does not move away, animal control officials recommend that you make yourself appear big, yell, wave your arms, maintain eye contact with them and practice other hazing techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell emphasizes that small dogs should be picked up and all dogs should be on leashes, no matter what size. Coyotes look at small dogs as prey — like rabbits or squirrels — and can snatch them if an opportunity presents itself. All the small dogs taken by coyotes in San Francisco have been off-leash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t stress enough how important it is to keep dogs on leash for their safety,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell advises people to haze persistent coyotes or try to frighten them into leaving. Shaking a can full of pennies, popping an umbrella or opening a plastic garbage bag — things that make a loud noise — will usually convince a coyote to move along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this doesn’t work near dens. Coyotes protecting dens will not be affected by hazing. “Their pups are too important to them,” Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Always look out for signs posted about coyote activity in the city. They could be indicators that dens are nearby. The best thing to do, Campbell said, is avoid these areas in the first place. But if you encounter a coyote or are being “escorted” away from a coyote’s den, you should slowly walk away and not run.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"coyotecoexist\">\u003c/a>What can we do to make coexisting with coyotes easier?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Feeding coyotes is illegal and can have trickle-down effects that influence coyote behavior, Wilkinson said. If city coyotes become too aggressive, then officials with animal control might have to remove them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wildcard in all of this is intentional feeding,” Campbell said. Coyotes can lose their natural wariness of humans when people feed them, and they may begin to approach unsuspecting folks looking for an easy handout. They will return to neighborhoods with an easy food source and walk up to others to see if anyone else is willing to give them dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s frustrating for our agency, the wildlife experts we work with, and the people living in neighborhoods where their neighbors just keep feeding and attracting coyotes,” animal control’s Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell and Wilkinson encourage us to contribute coyote sighting reports in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also recommend educating yourself and your neighbors about how to appropriately haze, what circumstances you should and shouldn’t do so, and what’s normal and not normal coyote behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do a little due diligence because it’s a team sport to get to a place of coexistence with our urban wildlife,” Wilkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies like the one Wilkinson is leading help researchers understand how to work with community members to tailor outreach to people’s needs. “In the end, it’s the folks that are experiencing these challenges or interactions on the ground that are the ones that are going to be the first responders to creating coexistence with these animals,” Wilkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfanimalcare.org/living-with-urban-wildlife/coyote-sightings/\">Here’s where you can report your coyote sightings\u003c/a> in San Francisco. And here’s \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSds4kpxAk2pC9rxfBa2AX5SuZSquTAapw3Z8G4M5IwYwsCW2w/viewform\">another form to report sightings in the East Bay and Marin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco residents can call animal control at 415-554-9400 for immediate assistance with animal-related emergencies, like a coyote acting strangely, or to report an injured, ill or dead coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you think you have seen more coyotes roaming San Francisco’s parks lately, you might be right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pan3.10549\">new study\u003c/a> found exactly that. People reported an increasing number of coyote sightings to San Francisco’s animal control over the past decade. Researchers analyzed 4,000 of these and also found the number of reports “constituting conflict” has been on the rise over the past five years, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things like a dog being taken by a coyote, or a person was boldly approached by a coyote trying to get food from them,” said the study’s lead author, \u003ca href=\"https://scrappynaturalist.com/\">Christine Wilkinson\u003c/a>. Wilkinson is a conservation scientist at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those conflict reports involve dogs, especially off-leash dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coyotes, like dogs, are canids, so they see dogs as fellow creatures and sometimes rivals and sometimes prey,” said Deb Campbell from San Francisco Animal Care and Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coyotes will follow with people walking their dogs and sometimes get protective if dogs are near their dens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jump straight to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#dogconflicts\">When am I more likely to have a coyote conflict?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#coyotebehavior\">What is normal coyote behavior? What should I do if a coyote approaches me (and my dog)?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#coyotecoexist\">What can we do to make coexisting with coyotes a little easier?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Francisco’s coyotes: a brief history\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coyotes play an important role in our ecosystem. They primarily feed on rodents, which helps control pests in our communities, and they are highly intelligent and adaptable animals that have learned to survive and thrive in urban and residential areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coyotes are native to California and have been roaming San Francisco green spaces since the 20th century. Records show that they were seen in Golden Gate Park since as early as 1925. However, coyotes started to disappear due to habitat loss caused by urban expansion in the area, hunting and poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2002, they made their comeback to places like the Presidio and other parks around San Francisco. Since then, coyotes have populated various green spaces across the city, according to Campbell. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t know the exact number of coyotes in the Bay Area. There’s no rigorous program to track them. But Campbell estimates there are “dozens” of coyotes in the city today — probably not more than 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way to truly know the population, just like how we would not be able to say how many raccoons live in the city. We pick up close to 30 dead coyotes each year,” Campbell said, noting they are mostly hit by cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help understand coyote behavior, animal control started collecting phone and email reports of coyote sightings in 2006 and via an online form in 2017. “These community-curated data sets that have all this information about people’s experiences are really special,” Wilkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data helps researchers like Wilkinson get a sense of coyote sighting trends and what’s happening on the ground with the coyotes and their behavior and ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"dogconflicts\">\u003c/a>When do dog conflicts increase?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coyote pupping season typically runs from March until September. It’s the time when female coyotes are getting ready to give birth to their pups and when their pups are born. Coyote parents are more protective of their homes or denning areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early summer, coyote parents are more active and protective of their pups as their young ones venture out of their dens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get a lot of reports during denning and pupping season where coyotes will follow people with dogs, usually medium to large dogs, arch their back, show their teeth, basically they do their best to look menacing — all behaviors that are saying ‘go away,’” Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coyotes exhibit these protective behaviors towards canines, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://presidio.gov/about/sustainability/coyotes-in-the-presidio\">Presidio website\u003c/a>. Places like the Presidio, where many of our coyotes roam, typically close sections of trails near a den area to dog walking during pupping season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell said the coyotes will “escort” or follow dogs away from their dens until they feel the dog is no longer a threat. “People walking their dogs often mistake this protective behavior for aggression,” Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unintended consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns between 2020 and 2022 was an increase in coyote conflicts, which could be due to the animals having more space for themselves, with less human interaction, Wilkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"coyotebehavior\">\u003c/a>What is normal coyote behavior? What should I do if a coyote approaches me (and my dog)?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We should remember that coyotes are timid animals with a natural fear of humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they tend to be most active in the evenings and early mornings, they can move around throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban coyotes don’t have many large predators and have not learned to view humans as hunting predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you find yourself within 50 feet of a coyote, and it approaches you or does not move away, animal control officials recommend that you make yourself appear big, yell, wave your arms, maintain eye contact with them and practice other hazing techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell emphasizes that small dogs should be picked up and all dogs should be on leashes, no matter what size. Coyotes look at small dogs as prey — like rabbits or squirrels — and can snatch them if an opportunity presents itself. All the small dogs taken by coyotes in San Francisco have been off-leash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t stress enough how important it is to keep dogs on leash for their safety,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell advises people to haze persistent coyotes or try to frighten them into leaving. Shaking a can full of pennies, popping an umbrella or opening a plastic garbage bag — things that make a loud noise — will usually convince a coyote to move along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this doesn’t work near dens. Coyotes protecting dens will not be affected by hazing. “Their pups are too important to them,” Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Always look out for signs posted about coyote activity in the city. They could be indicators that dens are nearby. The best thing to do, Campbell said, is avoid these areas in the first place. But if you encounter a coyote or are being “escorted” away from a coyote’s den, you should slowly walk away and not run.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"coyotecoexist\">\u003c/a>What can we do to make coexisting with coyotes easier?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Feeding coyotes is illegal and can have trickle-down effects that influence coyote behavior, Wilkinson said. If city coyotes become too aggressive, then officials with animal control might have to remove them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wildcard in all of this is intentional feeding,” Campbell said. Coyotes can lose their natural wariness of humans when people feed them, and they may begin to approach unsuspecting folks looking for an easy handout. They will return to neighborhoods with an easy food source and walk up to others to see if anyone else is willing to give them dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s frustrating for our agency, the wildlife experts we work with, and the people living in neighborhoods where their neighbors just keep feeding and attracting coyotes,” animal control’s Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell and Wilkinson encourage us to contribute coyote sighting reports in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also recommend educating yourself and your neighbors about how to appropriately haze, what circumstances you should and shouldn’t do so, and what’s normal and not normal coyote behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do a little due diligence because it’s a team sport to get to a place of coexistence with our urban wildlife,” Wilkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies like the one Wilkinson is leading help researchers understand how to work with community members to tailor outreach to people’s needs. “In the end, it’s the folks that are experiencing these challenges or interactions on the ground that are the ones that are going to be the first responders to creating coexistence with these animals,” Wilkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfanimalcare.org/living-with-urban-wildlife/coyote-sightings/\">Here’s where you can report your coyote sightings\u003c/a> in San Francisco. And here’s \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSds4kpxAk2pC9rxfBa2AX5SuZSquTAapw3Z8G4M5IwYwsCW2w/viewform\">another form to report sightings in the East Bay and Marin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco residents can call animal control at 415-554-9400 for immediate assistance with animal-related emergencies, like a coyote acting strangely, or to report an injured, ill or dead coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Varroa Mites Are a Honeybee’s 8-Legged Nightmare",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Every year, up to half the honeybee colonies in the U.S. die. Varroa mites, the bees’ ghastly parasites, are one of the main culprits. After hitching a ride into a hive, a mite mom hides in a honeycomb cell, where she and her offspring feed on a growing bee. But beekeepers and scientists are helping honeybees fight back.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s a go-to recipe for beekeepers. It’s called a “sugar shake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a half-cup of bees. That’s about 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put them in a jar and cover them with a mesh lid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add two tablespoons confectioners’ sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shake for 30 seconds. We’re going for a nice, even coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Empty the sugar onto a tray. And there you have it: frosted varroa mites, aka \u003cem>Varroa destructor\u003c/em>. They’re a honeybee’s worst enemy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fine-powdered sugar made them lose the grip they had on their hosts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A minute ago, the mites were on the bees in the hive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s as if you were carrying around a tick the size of a dinner plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, up to half the managed honeybee hives in the United States die from hazards like pesticide exposure, lack of flowers to forage on year-round, and varroa mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To feed, a varroa mite nestles between the bees’ protective plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It digs in with its gnarly mouth, the gnathosoma. The mite sinks it into a crucial organ called the fat body. It’s a layer of tissue that lines the abdomen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003cbr>\nElina L. Niño, associate professor of cooperative extension in apiculture at UC Davis, has answered \u003ca href=\"https://elninobeelab.sf.ucdavis.edu/resources-community\">common questions about honeybees\u003c/a> from beekeepers, homeowners and gardeners, including where to send pests to be identified. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 2019 paper by Samuel Ramsey and colleagues details how they discovered that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1818371116\">varroa mites feed on the fat body of honeybees\u003c/a>. For a long time, it was thought that the mites fed on honeybees’ blood, known as hemolymph.\u003cbr>\n[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sort of like the human liver, the fat body helps the bee break down harmful stuff, including pesticides. And it maintains the bee’s immune system. So, when varroa mites attack the fat body, they seriously weaken the bee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mites can also transmit a virus that causes a bee to be born with deformed wings, no good for flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s go back to the “sugar shake.” Beekeepers use them to monitor the varroa mites in their hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As few as three mites per half-cup of bees could kill a hive within the year. That’s because varroa mites are great at sneaking into hives, hiding, and reproducing like mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first mite gets into a hive by hitching a ride on a bee from another colony. Maybe the bee’s own colony wasn’t doing well and it was looking for a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite sniffs around for a bee larva and sneaks in right before the bees cover the cell with wax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defenseless larva is now trapped with its enemy, which begins to feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the larva grows into a pupa, the mite, called a foundress, starts her family. Take a look underneath this bee pupa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite’s firstborn is always a son. The rest are daughters. They’re hard to tell apart when they’re young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the siblings come of age inside the cell, they’ll meet up on this pile of mite poop – maybe they’re guided by the scent. And they’ll mate … with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes two foundresses make it into a cell. Then their offspring get to mate with someone they’re not related to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mites live off the bee pupa, but they don’t kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the bee is all grown up, it chews its way out of the cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite slips onto its next victim. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why don’t the bees just pick those mites off themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, we didn’t start seeing varroa mites in the U.S. until the 1980s. They evolved on eastern honeybees, in Asia. That’s why the western honeybees in the Americas and Europe aren’t yet good at defending against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When beekeepers find mites in a sugar shake, they treat a hive with pesticide strips that kill the mites. But mites are becoming resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, researchers are selectively breeding honeybees to fight back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture and private companies are breeding bees that can sniff out varroa mites. When the bees find some, they uncap the cells and interrupt reproduction. The bees then, um, “recycle” the unlucky pupa. Yep, they’re eating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Purdue and Central State universities, scientists breed honeybees known as “mite-biters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After collecting sperm from a male bee, they inseminate a queen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the queen and the male come from colonies that are particularly good at killing mites by chewing off their legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a grisly end for these tormentors and – just maybe – a fair shake for the honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hey sugar, what’s shakin’? We’ve got more bee stories for you. Bindweed turret bees fill their underground nests with pollen. See those “pollen pants”? But freeloading flies drop their own eggs into the nests … from the air!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, PBS Digital Studios wants to know what you enjoy on YouTube and what you want more of. Follow the link in the description to take their annual survey. You even get to vote on new show ideas. Thanks for representing, and please tell them Deep Look sent you.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add two tablespoons confectioners’ sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shake for 30 seconds. We’re going for a nice, even coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Empty the sugar onto a tray. And there you have it: frosted varroa mites, aka \u003cem>Varroa destructor\u003c/em>. They’re a honeybee’s worst enemy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fine-powdered sugar made them lose the grip they had on their hosts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A minute ago, the mites were on the bees in the hive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s as if you were carrying around a tick the size of a dinner plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, up to half the managed honeybee hives in the United States die from hazards like pesticide exposure, lack of flowers to forage on year-round, and varroa mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To feed, a varroa mite nestles between the bees’ protective plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It digs in with its gnarly mouth, the gnathosoma. The mite sinks it into a crucial organ called the fat body. It’s a layer of tissue that lines the abdomen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003cbr>\nElina L. Niño, associate professor of cooperative extension in apiculture at UC Davis, has answered \u003ca href=\"https://elninobeelab.sf.ucdavis.edu/resources-community\">common questions about honeybees\u003c/a> from beekeepers, homeowners and gardeners, including where to send pests to be identified. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 2019 paper by Samuel Ramsey and colleagues details how they discovered that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1818371116\">varroa mites feed on the fat body of honeybees\u003c/a>. For a long time, it was thought that the mites fed on honeybees’ blood, known as hemolymph.\u003cbr>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sort of like the human liver, the fat body helps the bee break down harmful stuff, including pesticides. And it maintains the bee’s immune system. So, when varroa mites attack the fat body, they seriously weaken the bee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mites can also transmit a virus that causes a bee to be born with deformed wings, no good for flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s go back to the “sugar shake.” Beekeepers use them to monitor the varroa mites in their hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As few as three mites per half-cup of bees could kill a hive within the year. That’s because varroa mites are great at sneaking into hives, hiding, and reproducing like mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first mite gets into a hive by hitching a ride on a bee from another colony. Maybe the bee’s own colony wasn’t doing well and it was looking for a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite sniffs around for a bee larva and sneaks in right before the bees cover the cell with wax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defenseless larva is now trapped with its enemy, which begins to feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the larva grows into a pupa, the mite, called a foundress, starts her family. Take a look underneath this bee pupa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite’s firstborn is always a son. The rest are daughters. They’re hard to tell apart when they’re young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the siblings come of age inside the cell, they’ll meet up on this pile of mite poop – maybe they’re guided by the scent. And they’ll mate … with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes two foundresses make it into a cell. Then their offspring get to mate with someone they’re not related to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mites live off the bee pupa, but they don’t kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the bee is all grown up, it chews its way out of the cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite slips onto its next victim. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why don’t the bees just pick those mites off themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, we didn’t start seeing varroa mites in the U.S. until the 1980s. They evolved on eastern honeybees, in Asia. That’s why the western honeybees in the Americas and Europe aren’t yet good at defending against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When beekeepers find mites in a sugar shake, they treat a hive with pesticide strips that kill the mites. But mites are becoming resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, researchers are selectively breeding honeybees to fight back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture and private companies are breeding bees that can sniff out varroa mites. When the bees find some, they uncap the cells and interrupt reproduction. The bees then, um, “recycle” the unlucky pupa. Yep, they’re eating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Purdue and Central State universities, scientists breed honeybees known as “mite-biters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After collecting sperm from a male bee, they inseminate a queen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the queen and the male come from colonies that are particularly good at killing mites by chewing off their legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a grisly end for these tormentors and – just maybe – a fair shake for the honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hey sugar, what’s shakin’? We’ve got more bee stories for you. Bindweed turret bees fill their underground nests with pollen. See those “pollen pants”? But freeloading flies drop their own eggs into the nests … from the air!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, PBS Digital Studios wants to know what you enjoy on YouTube and what you want more of. Follow the link in the description to take their annual survey. You even get to vote on new show ideas. Thanks for representing, and please tell them Deep Look sent you.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Ladybugs may be the cutest insects around, but they don’t start off that way. Also called lady beetles or ladybirds, they pop out of their eggs as prickly mini-monsters with an insatiable hunger for aphids. Once they’ve bulked up, they transform, shedding their terrifying looks, but keeping their killer vibes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What is prickly … ferocious … and also one of the most beloved insects around? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ladybug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, a teenage one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this ladybug larva has something to teach us about appearances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menacing or cute, the ladybug is a stone cold killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are about 6,000 species of ladybugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also called lady beetles or ladybirds, they come in varying shades and with different numbers of spots. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes even no spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a myth that ladybugs gain a spot every year, but those markings are a useful way to tell different species apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever they are, they all start out here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As eggs laid in neat clusters by their mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later these mini-alligators crawl free. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These larvae have an insatiable hunger for aphid insides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae stalk their unsuspecting prey, feeling around with their sensitive legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though to be honest, the plump little aphids aren’t exactly a challenge to bring down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their main defense is to make lots of aphids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I mean a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, the ladybug larva starts on one end of the aphid and eats it alive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other times, it’ll just treat the aphid like a juice box – ditch what’s left and bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the roughly three weeks it takes the larva to grow up, it’ll eat hundreds of these scrumptious treats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It needs to bulk up for what comes next\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larva finds a cozy spot close to its favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It exudes a sticky liquid from its backside and cements itself in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it hunches over and squirms in rhythmic convulsions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larva’s about to say goodbye to its old goth look and reinvent itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sheds its outer layer, legs and all, to reveal a ladybug pupa. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An in-between stage where it can spend some time alone figuring out who it really wants to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It spends the next week going through a major metamorphosis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s ready to do some adulting, the full-grown ladybug emerges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take that, butterflies! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re not the only ones that create an all new persona for yourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it’s free, the ladybug’s armored forewings, called elytra, harden and develop their color and spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that spots are required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The elytra protect the ladybug’s delicate hindwings, which it now stretches out for the very first time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those wings open whole new worlds to a grown ladybug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can the adults fly from plant to plant looking for food and mates,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>but the wings also allow the ladybug to migrate huge distances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’ll eat up to 5,000 aphids in its adventurous life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes them a true ally to us, protecting our farms and gardens from harmful pests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So don’t be fooled by that candy-apple coating. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the hood, the ladybug is still the same wild, relentless hunter it’s always been.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menacing or cute, the ladybug is a stone cold killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are about 6,000 species of ladybugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also called lady beetles or ladybirds, they come in varying shades and with different numbers of spots. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes even no spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a myth that ladybugs gain a spot every year, but those markings are a useful way to tell different species apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever they are, they all start out here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As eggs laid in neat clusters by their mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later these mini-alligators crawl free. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These larvae have an insatiable hunger for aphid insides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae stalk their unsuspecting prey, feeling around with their sensitive legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though to be honest, the plump little aphids aren’t exactly a challenge to bring down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their main defense is to make lots of aphids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I mean a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, the ladybug larva starts on one end of the aphid and eats it alive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other times, it’ll just treat the aphid like a juice box – ditch what’s left and bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the roughly three weeks it takes the larva to grow up, it’ll eat hundreds of these scrumptious treats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It needs to bulk up for what comes next\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larva finds a cozy spot close to its favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It exudes a sticky liquid from its backside and cements itself in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it hunches over and squirms in rhythmic convulsions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larva’s about to say goodbye to its old goth look and reinvent itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sheds its outer layer, legs and all, to reveal a ladybug pupa. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An in-between stage where it can spend some time alone figuring out who it really wants to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It spends the next week going through a major metamorphosis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s ready to do some adulting, the full-grown ladybug emerges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take that, butterflies! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re not the only ones that create an all new persona for yourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it’s free, the ladybug’s armored forewings, called elytra, harden and develop their color and spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that spots are required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The elytra protect the ladybug’s delicate hindwings, which it now stretches out for the very first time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those wings open whole new worlds to a grown ladybug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can the adults fly from plant to plant looking for food and mates,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>but the wings also allow the ladybug to migrate huge distances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’ll eat up to 5,000 aphids in its adventurous life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes them a true ally to us, protecting our farms and gardens from harmful pests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So don’t be fooled by that candy-apple coating. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the hood, the ladybug is still the same wild, relentless hunter it’s always been.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Fat Bear Week Would Be Postponed by a Government Shutdown",
"headTitle": "Fat Bear Week Would Be Postponed by a Government Shutdown | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s time for \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/fat-bear-week\">Fat Bear Week\u003c/a>, when fans of famous behemoths like Otis, Holly and 747 vote for the plumpest bear in the land. This year’s competition runs from Oct. 4 through Oct. 10 — but it won’t start on time if Congress can’t reach a deal to avoid a partial government shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully a lapse doesn’t occur,” Katmai National Park and Preserve spokesperson Cynthia Hernandez told NPR on Friday. “However, should a lapse happen, we will need to postpone Fat Bear Week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline is looming: The government is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/29/1202474725/2023-government-shutdown-update\">set to run out of money\u003c/a> at the end of Sept. 30, meaning many federal employees would be put on unpaid furlough. During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/28/680720032/national-parks-many-are-open-during-the-shutdown-their-bathrooms-not-so-much\">2018 shutdown\u003c/a>, some National Park Service locations were able to stay at least partially open, but they \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NatlParkService/status/1076468007688392706\">did not monitor or update social media\u003c/a> — a key component of Fat Bear Week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>These bears woke up hangry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever felt hangry, consider this: Brown bears in Alaska woke up this spring after not eating for about 6 months. And no, “hangry” might not be a technical term. But in this case, it’s apt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the term I use,” media ranger Naomi Boak of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/index.htm\">Katmai National Park and Preserve\u003c/a> told NPR, speaking from Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this summer, when the sockeye salmon run began on the Brooks River, the bears have been feasting — and ballooning in size. In this competition, there can be only one — and they shall be rotund.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which bears should people keep an eye out for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Giants like 747 — whose name evokes the jumbo jet — and 480 Otis, a multiple Fat Bear Week \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/06/1043647458/fat-bear-week-champion-480-otis\">champion\u003c/a>, always impress. \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears\">This year’s bear bracket\u003c/a> also offers bios, with details about the large animals’ equally large personalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Brooks Falls - Katmai National Park, Alaska 2023 powered by EXPLORE.org\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HsLvnFQW_yM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sisters and mothers, Bears 910 and 909, could make a big splash, Boak says. In a striking development, 910 is taking care of both bears’ cubs, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/wildlife/2023/07/27/young-brown-bear-in-katmai-national-park-needed-a-family-so-an-aunt-adopted-her/\">adopting her sister’s offspring\u003c/a>, 909 Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s bear 164, whom the park rangers deem one of the most innovative bears. His fans know him as “Bucky Dent,” because of his unique forehead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is fishing where no other bear has dared to fish: right under the lip of the falls in front of what we call ‘the jacuzzi,’ which is where the most dominant bears like to fish,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has grown enormously in the last year,” she said, “so I’d be on the lookout for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2023 bear brackets and head-to-head matchups will announced during \u003ca href=\"https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.org%2Flivecams%2Fbrown-bears%2Fbrooks-live-chat&data=05%7C01%7Cdarin_schroeder%40ios.doi.gov%7C2a3d9e1d9c3b4a2164e308dbb93ec77b%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C638307451507611073%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=XYyHrIhUlFZ5HJ1pQkn33OWZyioObdSnQLfF76A60t0%3D&reserved=0\">a live chat\u003c/a> on Oct. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Just how heavy do these bears get?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984473\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984473\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A bear catches a fish in the river.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fans are eager to vote for their favorites during Fat Bear Week — but now they’re facing a delay, if Congress can’t reach a new funding deal. \u003ccite>(Felicia Jimenez/NPS photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As heavy as possible,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some of the largest bears on the planet,” she added. “The big boars, the biggest guys, can get to be between 1,000 and 1,400 pounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sows, or female bears can reach 700 or 800 pounds, she said. For the bears to enter hibernation safely, Boak said, “they need every ounce of fat they can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much salmon do the bears eat?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The known record is “42 salmon in 5 1/2 hours,” Boak said, and it was set by 480 Otis, one of the river’s oldest and most well-known bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a limited timeframe, the bears pack on weight quickly — and when they’re young, it’s even more dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cubs are born at 1 pound and at the end of their first year, they could be 70 pounds,” Boak said. “And in their second year they can end the season at 200 pounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I watch the bears?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984475\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1685px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984475\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1685\" height=\"1264\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349.jpg 1685w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two bear cousins became siblings this summer — and the new family fishes and lives together, led by 910. \u003ccite>(Felicia Jimenez/NPS Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through the summer and early fall, fans can follow their favorite bears on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphg2feuAPo\">webcams in the park\u003c/a>, watching as they try to pull sockeye salmon from rapids and waterfalls along the Brooks River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brooks River bears attract around 10 million virtual visitors to Explore.org’s bear cams each year. Last year, more than 1 million people voted for their favorite fat bear.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"fat-bear-week\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People watch from their homes, offices and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really love that children and teachers follow the bears,” Boak said. There’s even a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd76xemOTn77775C1NKAX5NYwKDJFAt8JwcYFm_k9uFPOgh_w/viewform?fbclid=IwAR2eTiURzLpmMuv0CcqNNSDdflFVdUpzkaBc8FAmJbS6KMNiyoSONMx3tE8\">Google form (DOC)\u003c/a> to let students ask questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can follow the bears for years and really get to know their lives and their personalities and their soap operas,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why have Fat Bear Week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The contest is fun — but it’s also a way to learn more about bears’ life cycles, and to celebrate the healthy ecosystem at Brooks River and Katmai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bristol Bay ecosystem and watershed is really one of the last remaining healthy sockeye salmon runs in the world,” Boak said, “and it’s just gotten healthier and healthier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thriving ecosystem has helped bears reach maturity earlier. And this season has seen something of a baby boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had 36 cubs arrive here this year,” Boak said. For context, she said that in a normal season, the area would likely see a total of around 100 bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How old are the bears?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear Week contestants encompass a wide range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t discriminate by age,” Boak said, noting that if a bear is living independent of its mother, it can be in the contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the younger bears, a \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears-fat-bear-junior\">Fat Bear Junior\u003c/a> contest precedes Fat Bear Week, giving cubs a chance to strut their stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the adult bears, there’s Sara, who is in her early 30s. Otis is in his late 20s — possibly 28 or 29, Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened in last year’s Fat Bear Week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984476\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984476\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1918\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-2048x1534.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1920x1438.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears line up at the falls on the Brooks River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, hoping to snatch a salmon out of the air. \u003ccite>(N. Boak/NPS photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/11/1128052248/fat-bear-week-scandal-champion\">enormous 747 prevailed\u003c/a>, turning back a challenge from the female 901 — a young upstart whom the park described as “both exploratory and occasionally mischievous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear contestants are, of course, blissfully oblivious to the millions of people who watch and support them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it seems that the competition isn’t immune to our times: A key semifinal vote was recalibrated last fall, after organizers uncovered “spam votes” that were meant to send the blond-eared Holly sailing past 747 into the final.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is winter really coming?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The autumnal equinox (on Sept. 22 or Sept. 23 in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/september-equinox.html?linkId=17281193\">depending on your time zone\u003c/a>) signals shorter days and the looming winter. Fat Bear Week normally starts a week or two later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know exactly what triggers the bears for hibernation,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all bears follow the same schedule. On the Brooks River, most of the bears go into hibernation in late October or early November. They emerge again in March or April, skinny and, yes, hangry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Fat+Bear+Week+would+be+postponed+by+a+government+shutdown&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The brown bears of Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska have been bulking up for hibernation. If Congress doesn't approve a funding deal, Fat Bear Week will be put on hold.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s time for \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/fat-bear-week\">Fat Bear Week\u003c/a>, when fans of famous behemoths like Otis, Holly and 747 vote for the plumpest bear in the land. This year’s competition runs from Oct. 4 through Oct. 10 — but it won’t start on time if Congress can’t reach a deal to avoid a partial government shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully a lapse doesn’t occur,” Katmai National Park and Preserve spokesperson Cynthia Hernandez told NPR on Friday. “However, should a lapse happen, we will need to postpone Fat Bear Week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline is looming: The government is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/29/1202474725/2023-government-shutdown-update\">set to run out of money\u003c/a> at the end of Sept. 30, meaning many federal employees would be put on unpaid furlough. During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/28/680720032/national-parks-many-are-open-during-the-shutdown-their-bathrooms-not-so-much\">2018 shutdown\u003c/a>, some National Park Service locations were able to stay at least partially open, but they \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NatlParkService/status/1076468007688392706\">did not monitor or update social media\u003c/a> — a key component of Fat Bear Week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>These bears woke up hangry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever felt hangry, consider this: Brown bears in Alaska woke up this spring after not eating for about 6 months. And no, “hangry” might not be a technical term. But in this case, it’s apt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the term I use,” media ranger Naomi Boak of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/index.htm\">Katmai National Park and Preserve\u003c/a> told NPR, speaking from Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this summer, when the sockeye salmon run began on the Brooks River, the bears have been feasting — and ballooning in size. In this competition, there can be only one — and they shall be rotund.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which bears should people keep an eye out for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Giants like 747 — whose name evokes the jumbo jet — and 480 Otis, a multiple Fat Bear Week \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/06/1043647458/fat-bear-week-champion-480-otis\">champion\u003c/a>, always impress. \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears\">This year’s bear bracket\u003c/a> also offers bios, with details about the large animals’ equally large personalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Brooks Falls - Katmai National Park, Alaska 2023 powered by EXPLORE.org\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HsLvnFQW_yM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sisters and mothers, Bears 910 and 909, could make a big splash, Boak says. In a striking development, 910 is taking care of both bears’ cubs, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/wildlife/2023/07/27/young-brown-bear-in-katmai-national-park-needed-a-family-so-an-aunt-adopted-her/\">adopting her sister’s offspring\u003c/a>, 909 Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s bear 164, whom the park rangers deem one of the most innovative bears. His fans know him as “Bucky Dent,” because of his unique forehead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is fishing where no other bear has dared to fish: right under the lip of the falls in front of what we call ‘the jacuzzi,’ which is where the most dominant bears like to fish,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has grown enormously in the last year,” she said, “so I’d be on the lookout for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2023 bear brackets and head-to-head matchups will announced during \u003ca href=\"https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.org%2Flivecams%2Fbrown-bears%2Fbrooks-live-chat&data=05%7C01%7Cdarin_schroeder%40ios.doi.gov%7C2a3d9e1d9c3b4a2164e308dbb93ec77b%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C638307451507611073%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=XYyHrIhUlFZ5HJ1pQkn33OWZyioObdSnQLfF76A60t0%3D&reserved=0\">a live chat\u003c/a> on Oct. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Just how heavy do these bears get?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984473\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984473\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A bear catches a fish in the river.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fans are eager to vote for their favorites during Fat Bear Week — but now they’re facing a delay, if Congress can’t reach a new funding deal. \u003ccite>(Felicia Jimenez/NPS photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As heavy as possible,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some of the largest bears on the planet,” she added. “The big boars, the biggest guys, can get to be between 1,000 and 1,400 pounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sows, or female bears can reach 700 or 800 pounds, she said. For the bears to enter hibernation safely, Boak said, “they need every ounce of fat they can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much salmon do the bears eat?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The known record is “42 salmon in 5 1/2 hours,” Boak said, and it was set by 480 Otis, one of the river’s oldest and most well-known bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a limited timeframe, the bears pack on weight quickly — and when they’re young, it’s even more dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cubs are born at 1 pound and at the end of their first year, they could be 70 pounds,” Boak said. “And in their second year they can end the season at 200 pounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I watch the bears?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984475\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1685px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984475\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1685\" height=\"1264\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349.jpg 1685w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two bear cousins became siblings this summer — and the new family fishes and lives together, led by 910. \u003ccite>(Felicia Jimenez/NPS Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through the summer and early fall, fans can follow their favorite bears on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphg2feuAPo\">webcams in the park\u003c/a>, watching as they try to pull sockeye salmon from rapids and waterfalls along the Brooks River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brooks River bears attract around 10 million virtual visitors to Explore.org’s bear cams each year. Last year, more than 1 million people voted for their favorite fat bear.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People watch from their homes, offices and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really love that children and teachers follow the bears,” Boak said. There’s even a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd76xemOTn77775C1NKAX5NYwKDJFAt8JwcYFm_k9uFPOgh_w/viewform?fbclid=IwAR2eTiURzLpmMuv0CcqNNSDdflFVdUpzkaBc8FAmJbS6KMNiyoSONMx3tE8\">Google form (DOC)\u003c/a> to let students ask questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can follow the bears for years and really get to know their lives and their personalities and their soap operas,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why have Fat Bear Week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The contest is fun — but it’s also a way to learn more about bears’ life cycles, and to celebrate the healthy ecosystem at Brooks River and Katmai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bristol Bay ecosystem and watershed is really one of the last remaining healthy sockeye salmon runs in the world,” Boak said, “and it’s just gotten healthier and healthier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thriving ecosystem has helped bears reach maturity earlier. And this season has seen something of a baby boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had 36 cubs arrive here this year,” Boak said. For context, she said that in a normal season, the area would likely see a total of around 100 bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How old are the bears?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear Week contestants encompass a wide range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t discriminate by age,” Boak said, noting that if a bear is living independent of its mother, it can be in the contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the younger bears, a \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears-fat-bear-junior\">Fat Bear Junior\u003c/a> contest precedes Fat Bear Week, giving cubs a chance to strut their stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the adult bears, there’s Sara, who is in her early 30s. Otis is in his late 20s — possibly 28 or 29, Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened in last year’s Fat Bear Week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984476\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984476\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1918\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-2048x1534.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1920x1438.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears line up at the falls on the Brooks River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, hoping to snatch a salmon out of the air. \u003ccite>(N. Boak/NPS photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/11/1128052248/fat-bear-week-scandal-champion\">enormous 747 prevailed\u003c/a>, turning back a challenge from the female 901 — a young upstart whom the park described as “both exploratory and occasionally mischievous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear contestants are, of course, blissfully oblivious to the millions of people who watch and support them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it seems that the competition isn’t immune to our times: A key semifinal vote was recalibrated last fall, after organizers uncovered “spam votes” that were meant to send the blond-eared Holly sailing past 747 into the final.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is winter really coming?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The autumnal equinox (on Sept. 22 or Sept. 23 in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/september-equinox.html?linkId=17281193\">depending on your time zone\u003c/a>) signals shorter days and the looming winter. Fat Bear Week normally starts a week or two later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know exactly what triggers the bears for hibernation,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all bears follow the same schedule. On the Brooks River, most of the bears go into hibernation in late October or early November. They emerge again in March or April, skinny and, yes, hangry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Fat+Bear+Week+would+be+postponed+by+a+government+shutdown&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do cockroaches — those daring, disgusting disease vectors — have anything at all to offer us? Scientists think so. They compressed American roaches with a hydraulic press, subjecting them to the force of 900 times their body weight. Don’t worry (or do): They survived! How exactly do they do it?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The cockroach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know ‘em, you hate ‘em.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with good reason. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They carry bacteria like salmonella on their legs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aisy.202300181\">Biomechanist and roboticist Kaushik Jayaram (@JayaramKaushik), who worked with us on our cockroach episode, also finds inspiration in the creepy, crawly spider! Specifically spider joints! Check out his work with spiders and robots in this paper!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/115/1/259/6469283\">Professor of Urban Entomology Chow-Yang Lee (@chowyanglee), of the University of California, Riverside, studies many critters who cohabitate with humans. He’s been looking into how certain populations of German roaches (Blattella germanica) consistently evade our pesticides. Read more here\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roaches can cause asthma and allergies as they spread their saliva and poop around your home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when you try to take one out …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… it always seems to get away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes the roach so indestructible?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American cockroach is one of the fastest insects on the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can run up to 3.4 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’d be like a human knocking out eight marathons over their lunch break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It uses hooks, called tarsal claws, to flip over ledges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not even a wall can stop it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better to keep up the momentum and figure it out as you go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roach is both tough and flexible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its exoskeleton isn’t one large piece of armor, but many shield-like plates made of a tough material called chitin. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re held together by lots of pliable joints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they use all those bendy joints to fold up, origami-style, and push through impossibly small cracks … \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…like that gap you never knew existed in your kitchen cupboard. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cockroach can army-crawl through a space a quarter of its normal standing height. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one reason it’s so good at surviving your thwack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much pressure can the cockroach take?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UC Berkeley found it can withstand a thwack equivalent to 900 times its body weight …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… and walk away unscathed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why are researchers so interested in all this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They think the roach, despite its ability to make us sick, can teach us to save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those researchers is now building robots the size of insects to squeeze into places you and I cannot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like piles of rubble left by major earthquakes or hurricanes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And maybe down the line, much smaller versions of these robots could even enter our bodies to perform life-saving tasks! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, on the one hand, we want to keep these creatures out – by sealing cracks, caulking windows and storing food in airtight containers …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… but we also want to learn from them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cockroach teaches us that the key to overcoming adversity isn’t just toughness, it’s also flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Do cockroaches — those daring, disgusting disease vectors — have anything at all to offer us? Scientists think so. They compressed American roaches with a hydraulic press, subjecting them to the force of 900 times their body weight. Don't worry (or do): They survived! How exactly do they do it?",
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"description": "Do cockroaches — those daring, disgusting disease vectors — have anything at all to offer us? Scientists think so. They compressed American roaches with a hydraulic press, subjecting them to the force of 900 times their body weight. Don't worry (or do): They survived! How exactly do they do it?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do cockroaches — those daring, disgusting disease vectors — have anything at all to offer us? Scientists think so. They compressed American roaches with a hydraulic press, subjecting them to the force of 900 times their body weight. Don’t worry (or do): They survived! How exactly do they do it?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The cockroach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know ‘em, you hate ‘em.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with good reason. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aisy.202300181\">Biomechanist and roboticist Kaushik Jayaram (@JayaramKaushik), who worked with us on our cockroach episode, also finds inspiration in the creepy, crawly spider! Specifically spider joints! Check out his work with spiders and robots in this paper!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/115/1/259/6469283\">Professor of Urban Entomology Chow-Yang Lee (@chowyanglee), of the University of California, Riverside, studies many critters who cohabitate with humans. He’s been looking into how certain populations of German roaches (Blattella germanica) consistently evade our pesticides. Read more here\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roaches can cause asthma and allergies as they spread their saliva and poop around your home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when you try to take one out …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… it always seems to get away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes the roach so indestructible?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American cockroach is one of the fastest insects on the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can run up to 3.4 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’d be like a human knocking out eight marathons over their lunch break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It uses hooks, called tarsal claws, to flip over ledges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not even a wall can stop it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better to keep up the momentum and figure it out as you go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roach is both tough and flexible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its exoskeleton isn’t one large piece of armor, but many shield-like plates made of a tough material called chitin. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re held together by lots of pliable joints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they use all those bendy joints to fold up, origami-style, and push through impossibly small cracks … \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…like that gap you never knew existed in your kitchen cupboard. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cockroach can army-crawl through a space a quarter of its normal standing height. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one reason it’s so good at surviving your thwack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much pressure can the cockroach take?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UC Berkeley found it can withstand a thwack equivalent to 900 times its body weight …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… and walk away unscathed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why are researchers so interested in all this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They think the roach, despite its ability to make us sick, can teach us to save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those researchers is now building robots the size of insects to squeeze into places you and I cannot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like piles of rubble left by major earthquakes or hurricanes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And maybe down the line, much smaller versions of these robots could even enter our bodies to perform life-saving tasks! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, on the one hand, we want to keep these creatures out – by sealing cracks, caulking windows and storing food in airtight containers …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… but we also want to learn from them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cockroach teaches us that the key to overcoming adversity isn’t just toughness, it’s also flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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