QUEST Northern CaliforniaQUEST Northern California
KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.
Surgeons Seek Kid-Sized Tools for the Operating Room
Life With the Leaf: Clean Car Future
The Sun Shows A Flare for the Dramatic
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Mount Vaca and the Monticello Dam
Life with the Leaf: Charging Up
Feeling Biocurious? How To Get Your DIY Bio On
Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank
California Pushes to Get Clean Cars on the Road
Life With The Leaf: Missing Out On The Federal Tax Credit
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-30-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"xray\" title=\"xray\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-29972\">\u003c/a>If you’ve ever spent time in Silicon Valley or among hi-tech entrepreneurs, you may have heard the term “Valley of Death.” It’s used to describe the huge gulf that can exist between coming up with a new idea, and getting a product to market. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a problem in hospitals, too. Just take the neonatal intensive care unit at the University of California San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, Mardi Thompson was swaddling a baby the size of a burrito with firm assurance. She's been a nurse here for 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the babies who come through here were born prematurely. Others were born with congenital defects; some part of their internal anatomy didn’t develop the way it’s supposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe their diaphragm is missing, or part of their intestine is outside of their chest,\" says Thompson. Some suffer from a condition called esophageal atresia, in which the child's feeding tube isn't properly connected to her stomach. That condition affects roughly one in every 4,000 children. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Working with Tools Too Big for the Job\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are what Sanjeev Dutta refers to as \"plumbing problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta is a pediatric surgeon at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, in Palo Alto, where he operates on children with these and other problems. He says often, the instruments he uses when he does these surgeries weren’t built for tiny babies. They were made for adults. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We struggle with instruments that were never designed for the type of patient we are working on, and we adapt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta says the issue here isn’t safety. Most of these surgeries are, by now, pretty routine. But pediatric surgeons have to improvise in ways other surgeons don’t. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with tools that are several times too large for his tiny patients, Dutta is sometimes forced to stand a foot and a half away from his patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Size isn't the only problem pediatric surgeons face. Many pediatric procedures are specific to infants and children, fixes to problems that, unaddressed, would be fatal. In such cases, often the right tools simply don't exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly because of problems like these, pediatric surgeons have a reputation as being mavericks, people who are particularly good at improvising the tools they might need to operate successfully. No one fits that mold as well as \u003ca href=\"http://fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/our_team/harrison_bio.asp\">Michael Harrison\u003c/a>, at UCSF.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA History of Improvisation and Innovation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison is known as the father of fetal surgery. He says twenty years ago, when the field was just getting started, his team had to make almost everything from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to make all the tools and devices that allowed the fetal surgery, [the tools for] the the mom, and opening and closing the uterus. All that stuff we had to make up, because the tools were ten times too big.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison describes this era -- the 1970s and early 80s -- as a golden age of pediatric surgery, a time when you could rig up a new tool or procedure, run tests on animals, if necessary, and then bring it into the operating room. He says he never felt like they had a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s almost a moral imperative. It’s usually in a circumstance where this kid is going to die. The only way we think we might be able to save him is this new way. We’d have to have this thing. Let’s do it. And that’s what we can’t do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid 1970s, the FDA began regulating \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/default.htm\">surgical devices\u003c/a>, much the same way it regulates drugs. It can take a decade to get a device through the regulatory process, sometimes longer for pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison says this -- along with the fact that many pediatric surgical procedures are rare -- has had a chilling effect on medical device manufacturers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The market is too small to justify the research and development for new devices,\" he says. \"That’s the fundamental problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, Congress passed the Pediatric Medical Device Act, which set aside a small pot of money, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/resources/regulation\">administered\u003c/a> through the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products, to spur innovation in the field of pediatric surgery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was initially intended to receive $6 million for each two-year cycle, but appropriations have come out much lower: $2 million dollars for 2009-2010 and $3 million for 2011-2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to bring together doctors and engineers to solve problems in pediatric surgery. These are the kinds of partnerships that Mike Harrison has been trying to forge for a decade. He says it can be a culture clash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re, you know, sort of blood and guts. We're saying, 'hey we've got to have this device, we’re going into the operating room tomorrow.' And they were thinking nanotechnology and PhDs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDeveloping Tomorrow's Kid-Sized Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA money is making these partnerships routine at a\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DevelopingProductsforRareDiseasesConditions/PediatricDeviceConsortiaGrantsProgram/ucm272643.htm\"> handful of institutions \u003c/a>across the country, including Georgia, Michigan, and here in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29855\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Pectus-implant-gen-3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Pectus-implant-gen-3-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Pectus implant gen 3\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29855\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Magnetic Mini Mover uses two rare earth magnets to slowly reconfigure a sunken chest, similar in concept to orthodontics. Courtesy UCSF. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UCSF has received about a million dollars since 2009. That money has supported the development of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/devices\">tools\u003c/a> to treat scoliosis, kidney failure and sunken chest, among other conditions. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/devices/magnetic-mini-mover\">pectus, or sunken chest device\u003c/a>, is in clinical trials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Palo Alto, Sanjeev Dutta has \u003ca href=\"http://mistralpediatric.org/team.html\">paired up\u003c/a> with an engineer named Pablo Garcia, from SRI International, in Menlo Park. In 2009, he and Sanjeev Dutta received 500 thousand dollars to fund their collaboration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia says there was an adjustment period on both sides, as he and Dutta learned how to collaborate. \"When you actually put yourself in shoes of surgeon, things you thought were important actually are not. And things that you overlooked turn out to be the driving factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one of their first meetings, says Garcia, Dutta asked whether a certain robotic instrument could be made smaller. \"Sure,\" said Garcia. \"But it'll take five to ten years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the projects Garcia has developed in collaboration with Dutta is a catheter used to deliver nerve blocks to kids who have broken, for example, an arm or a leg. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current catheters, says Garcia, \"are placed blindly, based on anatomical landmarks, and they often get dislodged. So the catheter we designed has some features in the tip that allow it to grab onto the tissue, lock onto it, and navigate it in a more effective way than the current catheters.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Dutta's favorite tools is a device used to treat esophageal atresia. The surgery is complex and often invasive. Dutta says many surgeons rely on the same techniques they've been using for decades. A newer, less invasive method is becoming more common, but it's technically very difficult. Dutta and Garcia have developed a tool designed to make the less invasive procedure much easier, so that more kids can recover faster, and with less scarring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29857\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/pyloromyotomy-combo-tool.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/pyloromyotomy-combo-tool-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pyloromyotomy combo tool\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prototype tool used to perform cutting and spreading functions in the treatment of esophageal atresia. Courtesy SRI International. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tool is just a prototype now, with many stages of trials standing between it and the operating room. With Dutta and Garcia's FDA funding running out, they'll need to find other ways to fund their work on this and other devices. Dutta hopes that private philanthropy can bridge the gap between R&D and commercialization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta says he knows, from the perspective of a commercial manufacturer, that the market for a tool like this is just too small to be profitable. \"Eyes glaze over,\" he says, \"if they hear ten thousand cases a year.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what people need to realize, he says, is that the market could be a lot bigger. What’s helpful to kids could be useful in adult surgeries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we need to do is figure out how we can connect the two markets,\" he says, \"and make them sort of symbiotic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, Dutta and others are learning how to be not just surgeons, but entrepreneurs. Their business will be nurturing these products to the point where someone else will see the profit in making them.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If you’ve ever spent time in Silicon Valley or among hi-tech entrepreneurs, you may have heard the term “Valley of Death.” It’s used to describe the huge gulf that can exist between coming up with a new idea, and getting a product to market. Well, this is a real problem in hospitals, too. Especially when it comes to kids. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-30-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"xray\" title=\"xray\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-29972\">\u003c/a>If you’ve ever spent time in Silicon Valley or among hi-tech entrepreneurs, you may have heard the term “Valley of Death.” It’s used to describe the huge gulf that can exist between coming up with a new idea, and getting a product to market. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a problem in hospitals, too. Just take the neonatal intensive care unit at the University of California San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, Mardi Thompson was swaddling a baby the size of a burrito with firm assurance. She's been a nurse here for 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the babies who come through here were born prematurely. Others were born with congenital defects; some part of their internal anatomy didn’t develop the way it’s supposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe their diaphragm is missing, or part of their intestine is outside of their chest,\" says Thompson. Some suffer from a condition called esophageal atresia, in which the child's feeding tube isn't properly connected to her stomach. That condition affects roughly one in every 4,000 children. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Working with Tools Too Big for the Job\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are what Sanjeev Dutta refers to as \"plumbing problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta is a pediatric surgeon at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, in Palo Alto, where he operates on children with these and other problems. He says often, the instruments he uses when he does these surgeries weren’t built for tiny babies. They were made for adults. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We struggle with instruments that were never designed for the type of patient we are working on, and we adapt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta says the issue here isn’t safety. Most of these surgeries are, by now, pretty routine. But pediatric surgeons have to improvise in ways other surgeons don’t. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with tools that are several times too large for his tiny patients, Dutta is sometimes forced to stand a foot and a half away from his patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Size isn't the only problem pediatric surgeons face. Many pediatric procedures are specific to infants and children, fixes to problems that, unaddressed, would be fatal. In such cases, often the right tools simply don't exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly because of problems like these, pediatric surgeons have a reputation as being mavericks, people who are particularly good at improvising the tools they might need to operate successfully. No one fits that mold as well as \u003ca href=\"http://fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/our_team/harrison_bio.asp\">Michael Harrison\u003c/a>, at UCSF.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA History of Improvisation and Innovation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison is known as the father of fetal surgery. He says twenty years ago, when the field was just getting started, his team had to make almost everything from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to make all the tools and devices that allowed the fetal surgery, [the tools for] the the mom, and opening and closing the uterus. All that stuff we had to make up, because the tools were ten times too big.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison describes this era -- the 1970s and early 80s -- as a golden age of pediatric surgery, a time when you could rig up a new tool or procedure, run tests on animals, if necessary, and then bring it into the operating room. He says he never felt like they had a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s almost a moral imperative. It’s usually in a circumstance where this kid is going to die. The only way we think we might be able to save him is this new way. We’d have to have this thing. Let’s do it. And that’s what we can’t do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid 1970s, the FDA began regulating \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/default.htm\">surgical devices\u003c/a>, much the same way it regulates drugs. It can take a decade to get a device through the regulatory process, sometimes longer for pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison says this -- along with the fact that many pediatric surgical procedures are rare -- has had a chilling effect on medical device manufacturers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The market is too small to justify the research and development for new devices,\" he says. \"That’s the fundamental problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, Congress passed the Pediatric Medical Device Act, which set aside a small pot of money, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/resources/regulation\">administered\u003c/a> through the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products, to spur innovation in the field of pediatric surgery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was initially intended to receive $6 million for each two-year cycle, but appropriations have come out much lower: $2 million dollars for 2009-2010 and $3 million for 2011-2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to bring together doctors and engineers to solve problems in pediatric surgery. These are the kinds of partnerships that Mike Harrison has been trying to forge for a decade. He says it can be a culture clash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re, you know, sort of blood and guts. We're saying, 'hey we've got to have this device, we’re going into the operating room tomorrow.' And they were thinking nanotechnology and PhDs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDeveloping Tomorrow's Kid-Sized Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA money is making these partnerships routine at a\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DevelopingProductsforRareDiseasesConditions/PediatricDeviceConsortiaGrantsProgram/ucm272643.htm\"> handful of institutions \u003c/a>across the country, including Georgia, Michigan, and here in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29855\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Pectus-implant-gen-3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Pectus-implant-gen-3-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Pectus implant gen 3\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29855\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Magnetic Mini Mover uses two rare earth magnets to slowly reconfigure a sunken chest, similar in concept to orthodontics. Courtesy UCSF. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UCSF has received about a million dollars since 2009. That money has supported the development of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/devices\">tools\u003c/a> to treat scoliosis, kidney failure and sunken chest, among other conditions. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/devices/magnetic-mini-mover\">pectus, or sunken chest device\u003c/a>, is in clinical trials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Palo Alto, Sanjeev Dutta has \u003ca href=\"http://mistralpediatric.org/team.html\">paired up\u003c/a> with an engineer named Pablo Garcia, from SRI International, in Menlo Park. In 2009, he and Sanjeev Dutta received 500 thousand dollars to fund their collaboration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia says there was an adjustment period on both sides, as he and Dutta learned how to collaborate. \"When you actually put yourself in shoes of surgeon, things you thought were important actually are not. And things that you overlooked turn out to be the driving factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one of their first meetings, says Garcia, Dutta asked whether a certain robotic instrument could be made smaller. \"Sure,\" said Garcia. \"But it'll take five to ten years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the projects Garcia has developed in collaboration with Dutta is a catheter used to deliver nerve blocks to kids who have broken, for example, an arm or a leg. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current catheters, says Garcia, \"are placed blindly, based on anatomical landmarks, and they often get dislodged. So the catheter we designed has some features in the tip that allow it to grab onto the tissue, lock onto it, and navigate it in a more effective way than the current catheters.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Dutta's favorite tools is a device used to treat esophageal atresia. The surgery is complex and often invasive. Dutta says many surgeons rely on the same techniques they've been using for decades. A newer, less invasive method is becoming more common, but it's technically very difficult. Dutta and Garcia have developed a tool designed to make the less invasive procedure much easier, so that more kids can recover faster, and with less scarring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29857\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/pyloromyotomy-combo-tool.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/pyloromyotomy-combo-tool-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pyloromyotomy combo tool\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prototype tool used to perform cutting and spreading functions in the treatment of esophageal atresia. Courtesy SRI International. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tool is just a prototype now, with many stages of trials standing between it and the operating room. With Dutta and Garcia's FDA funding running out, they'll need to find other ways to fund their work on this and other devices. Dutta hopes that private philanthropy can bridge the gap between R&D and commercialization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta says he knows, from the perspective of a commercial manufacturer, that the market for a tool like this is just too small to be profitable. \"Eyes glaze over,\" he says, \"if they hear ten thousand cases a year.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what people need to realize, he says, is that the market could be a lot bigger. What’s helpful to kids could be useful in adult surgeries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we need to do is figure out how we can connect the two markets,\" he says, \"and make them sort of symbiotic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/life-with-the-leaf-clean-car-future/img_0269/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29828\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_0269.jpg\" alt=\"Mercedes Fuel-Cell car for 2014\" title=\"Mercedes Fuel-Cell car for 2014\" width=\"640\" height=\"430\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29828\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_0269.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_0269-400x269.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mercedes Fuel-Cell car for 2014\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Big news this week for electric car drivers. We may soon have more company on the roads if the state of California has any say. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/01/27/californias-clean-car-rules-a-historical-perspective/\">The California Air Resources Board has passed the toughest vehicle emission regulations in the U.S\u003c/a>. CARB is mandating that automakers cut exhaust by two-thirds by dramatically increasing their production of electric and plug-in hybrids. Automakers and oil companies have sued in the past to stop similar measures but this time is different. There are already more than fifteen thousand electric and plug-in hybrids on U.S. roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandates would require about one in seven new cars and trucks sold in California each year to run on batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or other zero emission technology within the next thirteen years. That is the same amount of time that the Prius and other hybrids have been out. During that time automakers say hybrids have only captured 3 percent of the market and there is concern that it's going to be very difficult to achieve 15 percent in the same period of time with electric cars. No doubt a lot needs to happen to entice would be customers including: Rolling out a charging infrastructure, bringing down the cost of cleaner cars and helping prepare folks who want to make a transition to driving non gas or diesel cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29833\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 397px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/life-with-the-leaf-clean-car-future/img_0272/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29833\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_0272-397x253.jpg\" alt=\"Chevy plug-in Volt\" title=\"Chevy plug -in Volt\" width=\"397\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-29833\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chevy Volt\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The very cars that California is pushing were on display in San Jose this week at an auto symposium for journalists. I decided to take a road trip down to check them out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before I bought my Leaf I would never have thought of driving to San Jose as a road trip but it was the first time i headed to a place where i would not have enough charge to get home. Ironically, the venue holding the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waj.org/index.cfm\">\"Fourth Annual Future of Cars\" conference for journalists\u003c/a> did not have an electric car charger. I was a little nervous to make the journey when it looked like, according to \u003ca href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-20040016-54.html\">one of my phone apps\u003c/a>, the nearest chargers were either all in use or down. However, the folks at \u003ca href=\"http://clubautosport.net/index.html\">Club Auto Sport\u003c/a> in San Jose kindly let me trickle charge (use a 110 v outlet with my Nissan charger) in their parking lot. This meant I had to stay longer than intended but it gave me a chance to test drive several cutting edge clean cars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29842\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/life-with-the-leaf-clean-car-future/imiev/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29842\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMiev-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mitsubishi’s new “i” electric car \" title=\"Mitsubishi’s new “i” electric car \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-29842\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mitsubishi’s new “i” electric car \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernoffroader.com/toyota-highlander-fuel-cell-hybrid-gets-431-mile-range/979/\">Toyota Hydrogen Fuel Cell Highlander\u003c/a>, due out in 2015, drives much like a battery powered electric car. It's smooth and quiet but the SUV is obviously much bigger with a range of 431 miles. It's good it has so much range because hydrogen fueling stations are few and far between. \u003ca href=\"http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fuelcell.shtml\">Hydrogen fuel cell technology\u003c/a> has not received great endorsements from the Department of Energy but Toyota has more confidence in the technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried \u003ca href=\"http://i.mitsubishicars.com/\">Mitsubishi's 2012 \"i\" electric car. \u003c/a>The SE Model is similarly priced to the Leaf. It was okay, not as zipped up as the Leaf and smaller but has that electric, smooth, get up and go drive feeling. I have driven the Volt before. It drives well and has mostly a gas engine to fall back on so the range anxiety is not there but the price is high and you don't get to hang out at conferences for hours waiting for your car to trickle charge. Wouldn't want to miss that. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Coming up -- wild mileage swings and choosing a rate plan.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/life-with-the-leaf-clean-car-future/img_0269/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29828\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_0269.jpg\" alt=\"Mercedes Fuel-Cell car for 2014\" title=\"Mercedes Fuel-Cell car for 2014\" width=\"640\" height=\"430\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29828\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_0269.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_0269-400x269.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mercedes Fuel-Cell car for 2014\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Big news this week for electric car drivers. We may soon have more company on the roads if the state of California has any say. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/01/27/californias-clean-car-rules-a-historical-perspective/\">The California Air Resources Board has passed the toughest vehicle emission regulations in the U.S\u003c/a>. CARB is mandating that automakers cut exhaust by two-thirds by dramatically increasing their production of electric and plug-in hybrids. Automakers and oil companies have sued in the past to stop similar measures but this time is different. There are already more than fifteen thousand electric and plug-in hybrids on U.S. roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandates would require about one in seven new cars and trucks sold in California each year to run on batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or other zero emission technology within the next thirteen years. That is the same amount of time that the Prius and other hybrids have been out. During that time automakers say hybrids have only captured 3 percent of the market and there is concern that it's going to be very difficult to achieve 15 percent in the same period of time with electric cars. No doubt a lot needs to happen to entice would be customers including: Rolling out a charging infrastructure, bringing down the cost of cleaner cars and helping prepare folks who want to make a transition to driving non gas or diesel cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29833\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 397px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/life-with-the-leaf-clean-car-future/img_0272/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29833\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_0272-397x253.jpg\" alt=\"Chevy plug-in Volt\" title=\"Chevy plug -in Volt\" width=\"397\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-29833\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chevy Volt\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The very cars that California is pushing were on display in San Jose this week at an auto symposium for journalists. I decided to take a road trip down to check them out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before I bought my Leaf I would never have thought of driving to San Jose as a road trip but it was the first time i headed to a place where i would not have enough charge to get home. Ironically, the venue holding the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waj.org/index.cfm\">\"Fourth Annual Future of Cars\" conference for journalists\u003c/a> did not have an electric car charger. I was a little nervous to make the journey when it looked like, according to \u003ca href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-20040016-54.html\">one of my phone apps\u003c/a>, the nearest chargers were either all in use or down. However, the folks at \u003ca href=\"http://clubautosport.net/index.html\">Club Auto Sport\u003c/a> in San Jose kindly let me trickle charge (use a 110 v outlet with my Nissan charger) in their parking lot. This meant I had to stay longer than intended but it gave me a chance to test drive several cutting edge clean cars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29842\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/life-with-the-leaf-clean-car-future/imiev/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29842\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMiev-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mitsubishi’s new “i” electric car \" title=\"Mitsubishi’s new “i” electric car \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-29842\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mitsubishi’s new “i” electric car \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernoffroader.com/toyota-highlander-fuel-cell-hybrid-gets-431-mile-range/979/\">Toyota Hydrogen Fuel Cell Highlander\u003c/a>, due out in 2015, drives much like a battery powered electric car. It's smooth and quiet but the SUV is obviously much bigger with a range of 431 miles. It's good it has so much range because hydrogen fueling stations are few and far between. \u003ca href=\"http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fuelcell.shtml\">Hydrogen fuel cell technology\u003c/a> has not received great endorsements from the Department of Energy but Toyota has more confidence in the technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried \u003ca href=\"http://i.mitsubishicars.com/\">Mitsubishi's 2012 \"i\" electric car. \u003c/a>The SE Model is similarly priced to the Leaf. It was okay, not as zipped up as the Leaf and smaller but has that electric, smooth, get up and go drive feeling. I have driven the Volt before. It drives well and has mostly a gas engine to fall back on so the range anxiety is not there but the price is high and you don't get to hang out at conferences for hours waiting for your car to trickle charge. Wouldn't want to miss that. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Coming up -- wild mileage swings and choosing a rate plan.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Sun Shows A Flare for the Dramatic ",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29788\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/the-sun-shows-a-flare-for-the-dramatic/sdo-m9flare-012312/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29788\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/SDO-m9flare-012312.gif\" alt=\"M9 Solar Flare of January 23 2012; credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory\" title=\"M9 Solar Flare of January 23 2012; credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29788\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M9 Solar Flare of January 23 2012; credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Let's see, what's the weather like right now (sticks finger into the air). Speed, 1.2 million miles per hour, density 1.1 protons per cubic centimeter, temperature 200,000 degrees Celsius. Sound a bit extreme? Surely climate change hasn't made things THAT batty. As a matter of fact, conditions have calmed down in the last several hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, I'm not talking Earth weather—if I were, we'd all be dead, fast. I'm talking space weather, and a subsidence in its condition following a powerful solar flare whose ejecta struck Earth on Tuesday, causing a strong \u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/NOAAscales/#GeomagneticStorms\" target=\"_blank\">geomagnetic storm\u003c/a>, and some pretty \u003ca href=\"http://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=25&month=01&year=2012\" target=\"_blank\">Northern and Southern Lights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flare in question, associated with the big sunspot numbered 1402, erupted on January 23rd, launching a coronal mass ejection--a \"cantaloupe\" of plasma that makes Earth look like a grape. Rated as an M9-class flare, it packed umph just shy of what's necessary for adult \"X-class\" flaredom, the most power kind. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it reached us the megablob of plasma struck Earth's magnetic field, causing the geomagnetic storm and a minor list of annoyances (communications interference, for the most part, and some reported concern to an electrical grid operator). On the showier side of solar activity, the storm generated spectacular auroras in high latitudes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sun's magnetic activity—the source of disturbances like flares and oft-associated coronal mass ejections—has been on the rise for the last couple of years, heading for a forecasted peak in activity (\"Solar Maximum\") in 2013. We're in \"storm season,\" with respect to the Sun's 11-year magnetic activity cycle, so we can expect more, and stronger, flares and geomagnetic storms in the next year or two to come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when I was growing up (1960's) I learned that space is a vacuum, void of the gases we find in Earth's atmosphere. It was a stark picture of emptiness, at least as this child comprehended the data. Sure, sunlight and starlight streams through that vacuum, but other than that, Dr. Science explained, if I took one space-step outside of my personal Mercury space capsule without protection, I'd suffocate and my blood would boil and freeze at the same time—not to mention that I'd get cooked by the dangerous ultraviolet and X-ray radiation shining from the Sun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, close the Time-Life science series book entitled \"Space\" and open an astrophysics textbook of my 1960's youth era, and I would have learned that there's more to the vacuum of space than nothing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Our Sun\u003c/a>, a gargantuan fusion bomb that consumes a mass of hydrogen comparable to that of the entire human race each second, continually spews more than just sunlight into the space around it. Hot, electrically charged gas (plasma), mostly hydrogen nuclei and electrons, blended with an accompaniment of magnetic fields, blow outward from the Sun's surface and atmosphere all the time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the solar wind, and its conditions, whether normal or stormy, is what makes space weather. So when you're curious about the weather conditions in the space surrounding Earth and its protective magnetic field, poke your finger skyward and extend your arm—oh—about 50,000 miles…or just go to a space weather website like \u003ca href=\"http://spaceweather.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Spaceweather.com\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A solar flare, associated with the big sunspot numbered 1402, erupted on January 23rd, launching a coronal mass ejection--a \"cantaloupe\" of plasma that makes Earth look like a grape. Rated as an M9-class flare, it packed umph just shy of what's necessary for adult \"X-class\" flaredom, the most powerful kind. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29788\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/the-sun-shows-a-flare-for-the-dramatic/sdo-m9flare-012312/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29788\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/SDO-m9flare-012312.gif\" alt=\"M9 Solar Flare of January 23 2012; credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory\" title=\"M9 Solar Flare of January 23 2012; credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29788\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M9 Solar Flare of January 23 2012; credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Let's see, what's the weather like right now (sticks finger into the air). Speed, 1.2 million miles per hour, density 1.1 protons per cubic centimeter, temperature 200,000 degrees Celsius. Sound a bit extreme? Surely climate change hasn't made things THAT batty. As a matter of fact, conditions have calmed down in the last several hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, I'm not talking Earth weather—if I were, we'd all be dead, fast. I'm talking space weather, and a subsidence in its condition following a powerful solar flare whose ejecta struck Earth on Tuesday, causing a strong \u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/NOAAscales/#GeomagneticStorms\" target=\"_blank\">geomagnetic storm\u003c/a>, and some pretty \u003ca href=\"http://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=25&month=01&year=2012\" target=\"_blank\">Northern and Southern Lights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flare in question, associated with the big sunspot numbered 1402, erupted on January 23rd, launching a coronal mass ejection--a \"cantaloupe\" of plasma that makes Earth look like a grape. Rated as an M9-class flare, it packed umph just shy of what's necessary for adult \"X-class\" flaredom, the most power kind. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it reached us the megablob of plasma struck Earth's magnetic field, causing the geomagnetic storm and a minor list of annoyances (communications interference, for the most part, and some reported concern to an electrical grid operator). On the showier side of solar activity, the storm generated spectacular auroras in high latitudes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sun's magnetic activity—the source of disturbances like flares and oft-associated coronal mass ejections—has been on the rise for the last couple of years, heading for a forecasted peak in activity (\"Solar Maximum\") in 2013. We're in \"storm season,\" with respect to the Sun's 11-year magnetic activity cycle, so we can expect more, and stronger, flares and geomagnetic storms in the next year or two to come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when I was growing up (1960's) I learned that space is a vacuum, void of the gases we find in Earth's atmosphere. It was a stark picture of emptiness, at least as this child comprehended the data. Sure, sunlight and starlight streams through that vacuum, but other than that, Dr. Science explained, if I took one space-step outside of my personal Mercury space capsule without protection, I'd suffocate and my blood would boil and freeze at the same time—not to mention that I'd get cooked by the dangerous ultraviolet and X-ray radiation shining from the Sun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, close the Time-Life science series book entitled \"Space\" and open an astrophysics textbook of my 1960's youth era, and I would have learned that there's more to the vacuum of space than nothing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Our Sun\u003c/a>, a gargantuan fusion bomb that consumes a mass of hydrogen comparable to that of the entire human race each second, continually spews more than just sunlight into the space around it. Hot, electrically charged gas (plasma), mostly hydrogen nuclei and electrons, blended with an accompaniment of magnetic fields, blow outward from the Sun's surface and atmosphere all the time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the solar wind, and its conditions, whether normal or stormy, is what makes space weather. So when you're curious about the weather conditions in the space surrounding Earth and its protective magnetic field, poke your finger skyward and extend your arm—oh—about 50,000 miles…or just go to a space weather website like \u003ca href=\"http://spaceweather.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Spaceweather.com\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Geological Outings Around the Bay: Mount Vaca and the Monticello Dam",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29810\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/devilsgate/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29810\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/devilsgate-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"devilsgate\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29810\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Monticello Dam occupies Devils Gate, a deep cleft in the massive sandstones of the Great Valley Sequence. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This outing visits two great landmarks of the northeastern Bay Area—one highly visible, the other well hidden. Both feature the same body of rock: the mighty Great Valley Sequence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Northern California's bedrock is part of just three large bodies: the granite of the Sierra, the metamorphic rocks of the Coast Range, and the sedimentary rocks of the Central Valley. All three are parts of one entity: a former subduction zone. Picture the Pacific seafloor plate being carried eastward against the North American continental plate and plunging underneath it—subduction. (That's the exact situation today in the Pacific Northwest, and along the whole west coast of South America.) The descending oceanic plate releases fluids into the continental plate above it, which generate magma and big chains of volcanoes. At the same time, the continent scrapes off pieces of the plunging oceanic plate like the bottom of an escalator gathers trash. The volcanoes quickly erode into sediment, which washes offshore in thick beds of sand, boulders and silt. The Sierra is the exposed roots of the volcano belt, the Franciscan Complex is the scraped-off stuff, and the Great Valley Sequence is the offshore sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all happened long ago, and since then the San Andreas fault has slowly ripped apart the neatly organized subduction zone. At the same time, pressure across the fault has pushed up the Coast Range and curled up the edge of the thick blanket of sedimentary rock in the Central Valley. The arrangement is still close to its original simplicity north of the Bay Area, as this map shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/gtvalymap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29813\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gtvalymap.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"gtvalymap\" width=\"640\" height=\"404\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29813\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modified from USGS Open-File Report 90-226\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Below is a closer view of the setting for today's outing. The south end of that long ribbon of Great Valley Sequence rocks is the Vaca Mountains, and the highest part of the range is a sharp hogback called Blue Ridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/vacamap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29816\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacamap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vacamap\" width=\"640\" height=\"531\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29816\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacamap.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacamap-400x332.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From USGS map MF-2403, \"Geologic Map of the Northeastern San Francisco Bay Region\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mount Vaca is its highest point, at the west edge of the leftmost green ribbon to the left of the \"i\" in \"Ridge.\" If you follow that geologic boundary north, it meets the dam that created Lake Berryessa, Monticello Dam. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Ridge is a massive landmark wherever you are in the Napa County hills or the southern Sacramento Valley. It's high, long and straight. West of Winters its profile is interrupted by a big notch. This is the Berryessa water gap, carved by the waters of Putah Creek as the ridge rose across it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You reach Mount Vaca by taking Pleasants Valley Road north from Fairfield. Two very steep roads go up the mountain, Gates Canyon and Mix Canyon roads. Take Mix Canyon Road (trust me, don't take Gates) and watch carefully for cyclists and descending vehicles. Soon you'll start seeing Great Valley rocks like this thick-bedded sandstone, tilted almost vertical. The sequence is estimated to be about 13 kilometers thick, representing some 80 million years of steady erosion of the Sierra highland into a nearby shallow sea (a foreland basin). The basin steadily sank from the load, like the Louisiana coast does under the sediment load from the Mississippi River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29814\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/gtvlyss/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29814\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gtvlySS.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gtvlySS\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29814\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gtvlySS.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gtvlySS-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rocks grow younger from west (right) to east (left).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the top of Mix Canyon Road, a spur marked \"Private\" goes left. Go ahead and take it to reach Mount Vaca. The right-hand way, Blue Ridge Road, is also highly scenic. Two-wheel drive is OK, but drive cautiously. The views from along the top of Blue Ridge are fantastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/diablofromvaca/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29811\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/diablofromvaca.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"diablofromvaca\" width=\"600\" height=\"365\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/diablofromvaca.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/diablofromvaca-400x243.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/vacavines/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29809\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacavines.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vacavines\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacavines.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacavines-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grapevines and Mount Tamalpais from Blue Ridge. At about 2600 feet, this may be the highest vineyard in California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ridgeline rocks are massively bedded sandstone of the Venado Formation, roughly 91 million years old. We'll get a better look at them next, at Devil's Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Return down to Pleasants Valley Road and resume heading north. Notice the recent downcutting of the stream here. Turn west on state route 128 and head up the canyon of Putah Creek. Instead of climbing Blue Ridge, we're cutting through it. Devil's Gate is the deepest part of the canyon, where the stream crosses the Venado Formation, and the best spot to build the Monticello Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/devilsgate/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29810\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/devilsgate.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"devilsgate\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/devilsgate.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/devilsgate-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On both sides of the dam, the Venado is beautifully exposed. This is the natural exposure on the far side of the dam. Roadcuts on the near side expose the Venado in real detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/monticellowall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29815\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/monticellowall.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"monticellowall\" width=\"600\" height=\"403\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29815\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/monticellowall.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/monticellowall-400x269.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Lake Berryessa is high, you may be treated to the sight of the dam's \"Glory Hole\" overflow structure, an endless circular waterfall that I photographed in action in May 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/gloryhole/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29812\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gloryhole.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gloryhole\" width=\"600\" height=\"461\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29812\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gloryhole.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gloryhole-400x307.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29810\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/devilsgate/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29810\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/devilsgate-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"devilsgate\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29810\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Monticello Dam occupies Devils Gate, a deep cleft in the massive sandstones of the Great Valley Sequence. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This outing visits two great landmarks of the northeastern Bay Area—one highly visible, the other well hidden. Both feature the same body of rock: the mighty Great Valley Sequence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Northern California's bedrock is part of just three large bodies: the granite of the Sierra, the metamorphic rocks of the Coast Range, and the sedimentary rocks of the Central Valley. All three are parts of one entity: a former subduction zone. Picture the Pacific seafloor plate being carried eastward against the North American continental plate and plunging underneath it—subduction. (That's the exact situation today in the Pacific Northwest, and along the whole west coast of South America.) The descending oceanic plate releases fluids into the continental plate above it, which generate magma and big chains of volcanoes. At the same time, the continent scrapes off pieces of the plunging oceanic plate like the bottom of an escalator gathers trash. The volcanoes quickly erode into sediment, which washes offshore in thick beds of sand, boulders and silt. The Sierra is the exposed roots of the volcano belt, the Franciscan Complex is the scraped-off stuff, and the Great Valley Sequence is the offshore sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all happened long ago, and since then the San Andreas fault has slowly ripped apart the neatly organized subduction zone. At the same time, pressure across the fault has pushed up the Coast Range and curled up the edge of the thick blanket of sedimentary rock in the Central Valley. The arrangement is still close to its original simplicity north of the Bay Area, as this map shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/gtvalymap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29813\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gtvalymap.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"gtvalymap\" width=\"640\" height=\"404\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29813\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modified from USGS Open-File Report 90-226\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Below is a closer view of the setting for today's outing. The south end of that long ribbon of Great Valley Sequence rocks is the Vaca Mountains, and the highest part of the range is a sharp hogback called Blue Ridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/vacamap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29816\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacamap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vacamap\" width=\"640\" height=\"531\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29816\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacamap.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacamap-400x332.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From USGS map MF-2403, \"Geologic Map of the Northeastern San Francisco Bay Region\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mount Vaca is its highest point, at the west edge of the leftmost green ribbon to the left of the \"i\" in \"Ridge.\" If you follow that geologic boundary north, it meets the dam that created Lake Berryessa, Monticello Dam. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Ridge is a massive landmark wherever you are in the Napa County hills or the southern Sacramento Valley. It's high, long and straight. West of Winters its profile is interrupted by a big notch. This is the Berryessa water gap, carved by the waters of Putah Creek as the ridge rose across it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You reach Mount Vaca by taking Pleasants Valley Road north from Fairfield. Two very steep roads go up the mountain, Gates Canyon and Mix Canyon roads. Take Mix Canyon Road (trust me, don't take Gates) and watch carefully for cyclists and descending vehicles. Soon you'll start seeing Great Valley rocks like this thick-bedded sandstone, tilted almost vertical. The sequence is estimated to be about 13 kilometers thick, representing some 80 million years of steady erosion of the Sierra highland into a nearby shallow sea (a foreland basin). The basin steadily sank from the load, like the Louisiana coast does under the sediment load from the Mississippi River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29814\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/gtvlyss/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29814\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gtvlySS.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gtvlySS\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29814\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gtvlySS.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gtvlySS-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rocks grow younger from west (right) to east (left).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the top of Mix Canyon Road, a spur marked \"Private\" goes left. Go ahead and take it to reach Mount Vaca. The right-hand way, Blue Ridge Road, is also highly scenic. Two-wheel drive is OK, but drive cautiously. The views from along the top of Blue Ridge are fantastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/diablofromvaca/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29811\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/diablofromvaca.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"diablofromvaca\" width=\"600\" height=\"365\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/diablofromvaca.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/diablofromvaca-400x243.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/vacavines/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29809\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacavines.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vacavines\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacavines.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/vacavines-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grapevines and Mount Tamalpais from Blue Ridge. At about 2600 feet, this may be the highest vineyard in California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ridgeline rocks are massively bedded sandstone of the Venado Formation, roughly 91 million years old. We'll get a better look at them next, at Devil's Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Return down to Pleasants Valley Road and resume heading north. Notice the recent downcutting of the stream here. Turn west on state route 128 and head up the canyon of Putah Creek. Instead of climbing Blue Ridge, we're cutting through it. Devil's Gate is the deepest part of the canyon, where the stream crosses the Venado Formation, and the best spot to build the Monticello Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/devilsgate/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29810\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/devilsgate.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"devilsgate\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/devilsgate.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/devilsgate-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On both sides of the dam, the Venado is beautifully exposed. This is the natural exposure on the far side of the dam. Roadcuts on the near side expose the Venado in real detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/monticellowall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29815\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/monticellowall.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"monticellowall\" width=\"600\" height=\"403\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29815\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/monticellowall.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/monticellowall-400x269.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Lake Berryessa is high, you may be treated to the sight of the dam's \"Glory Hole\" overflow structure, an endless circular waterfall that I photographed in action in May 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/gloryhole/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29812\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gloryhole.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gloryhole\" width=\"600\" height=\"461\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29812\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gloryhole.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/gloryhole-400x307.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/23/life-with-the-leaf-charging-up/img_0261-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29638\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_02611.jpg\" alt=\"My home charger\" title=\"My home charger\" width=\"641\" height=\"444\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29638\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_02611.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_02611-400x277.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the EV charging infrastructure slowly rolls out, most people are finding the most reliable, and cheapest, place to charge is at home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Choosing a Home Charger\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Someday the hope is that we should all be able to pick up a home charger at our local car dealership but right now it’s up to us early adopters to do the homework. When I reserved my Leaf back in the fall of 2010, Nissan was requiring a home visit from their charging contractor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.avinc.com/\">AeroVironment\u003c/a>. I paid one hundred dollars to have \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/10/12/130433987/in-search-of-charging-stations-for-electric-cars\">an AV installer come to my home and give me a bid for a charger and installation \u003c/a>which came out to about 2,400. There is a federal credit right now for 30 percent of the purchase and installation costs but I found a better deal. With the help of federal stimulus funds, some charging companies are offering chargers and installation for free. I heard from two different people that there was a long wait for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chargepointamerica.com/\">Charge Point America program\u003c/a>, sponsored by Coulomb Technologies, so I applied, online, for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecotality.com/\">EV Project\u003c/a> run by Ecotality. Volt and Leaf drivers who qualify receive a smart charger and installation up to 1,200 dollars, at no cost. In turn the EV owner gives the company online access to charging data. My application and installation could not have been smoother, except for one small complaint. After the install I noticed I was getting knocked off my internet connection more than usual. I asked the company about it and they said they were having some similar reports and thought an upcoming software update would fix it. I am waiting to find out if the update helps. Unlike the trickle charge pack I carry in my trunk, my level two black and white, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.blinknetwork.com/\">Blink\u003c/a>,\" charger is mounted to the side of my driveway and runs on a dedicated 220/240-volt line. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making the Charger Work for You\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/chargingup.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/chargingup-363x253.jpg\" alt=\"Charging up my Leaf\" title=\"Charging up my Leaf\" width=\"363\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-29716\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first started charging at home I used a handy timer built in to the Blink charger. Since then I have elected to make the Blink ‘dumb.’ I have chosen, instead, to use the timer provided by the Nissan telematics service, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CarWings\">CarWings\u003c/a>, here’s why: Nissan’s iPhone app allows me to remotely see what my charging status is and it lets me do things like turn the heater on in the morning from the warmth of my house while the car is still tethered to my charger. Also, Nissan suggests drivers extend battery life by charging to eighty, rather than one hundred percent. In order to program the charging limit, I have found I need to program Nissan’s CarWings timer. The next step to charging at home is choosing a rate with your utility-I'll cover that in an upcoming post and if you have lessons to share on home charging, let us hear from you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Later this week I’ll report back on the Future of Cars symposium in San Jose and my first road trip. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/23/life-with-the-leaf-charging-up/img_0261-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29638\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_02611.jpg\" alt=\"My home charger\" title=\"My home charger\" width=\"641\" height=\"444\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29638\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_02611.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_02611-400x277.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the EV charging infrastructure slowly rolls out, most people are finding the most reliable, and cheapest, place to charge is at home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Choosing a Home Charger\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Someday the hope is that we should all be able to pick up a home charger at our local car dealership but right now it’s up to us early adopters to do the homework. When I reserved my Leaf back in the fall of 2010, Nissan was requiring a home visit from their charging contractor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.avinc.com/\">AeroVironment\u003c/a>. I paid one hundred dollars to have \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/10/12/130433987/in-search-of-charging-stations-for-electric-cars\">an AV installer come to my home and give me a bid for a charger and installation \u003c/a>which came out to about 2,400. There is a federal credit right now for 30 percent of the purchase and installation costs but I found a better deal. With the help of federal stimulus funds, some charging companies are offering chargers and installation for free. I heard from two different people that there was a long wait for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chargepointamerica.com/\">Charge Point America program\u003c/a>, sponsored by Coulomb Technologies, so I applied, online, for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecotality.com/\">EV Project\u003c/a> run by Ecotality. Volt and Leaf drivers who qualify receive a smart charger and installation up to 1,200 dollars, at no cost. In turn the EV owner gives the company online access to charging data. My application and installation could not have been smoother, except for one small complaint. After the install I noticed I was getting knocked off my internet connection more than usual. I asked the company about it and they said they were having some similar reports and thought an upcoming software update would fix it. I am waiting to find out if the update helps. Unlike the trickle charge pack I carry in my trunk, my level two black and white, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.blinknetwork.com/\">Blink\u003c/a>,\" charger is mounted to the side of my driveway and runs on a dedicated 220/240-volt line. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making the Charger Work for You\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/chargingup.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/chargingup-363x253.jpg\" alt=\"Charging up my Leaf\" title=\"Charging up my Leaf\" width=\"363\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-29716\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first started charging at home I used a handy timer built in to the Blink charger. Since then I have elected to make the Blink ‘dumb.’ I have chosen, instead, to use the timer provided by the Nissan telematics service, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CarWings\">CarWings\u003c/a>, here’s why: Nissan’s iPhone app allows me to remotely see what my charging status is and it lets me do things like turn the heater on in the morning from the warmth of my house while the car is still tethered to my charger. Also, Nissan suggests drivers extend battery life by charging to eighty, rather than one hundred percent. In order to program the charging limit, I have found I need to program Nissan’s CarWings timer. The next step to charging at home is choosing a rate with your utility-I'll cover that in an upcoming post and if you have lessons to share on home charging, let us hear from you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Later this week I’ll report back on the Future of Cars symposium in San Jose and my first road trip. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29467\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/23/getting-your-bio-on/biocurious2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29467\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Biocurious2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Biocurious2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29467\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Biocurious2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Biocurious2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Do-it-yourself biology at Biocurious. Photo credit: Maria Chavez.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Let’s say you want to do a little “do-it-yourself” biological tinkering. Maybe you have an idea to make bacteria that can sense or even break down mercury in the environment. Or you want to attract funding for your start up with a few choice experiments. Or you just always wanted to do some biology. Where can you turn?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people like me, it’s easy. I work for Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and so if I were so inclined, I’d have access to the labs there. But this obviously isn’t a typical situation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For everyone else (at least here in the Bay Area), there is an organization called \u003ca href=\"http://biocurious.org/\">Biocurious\u003c/a>. They are an open lab located in Sunnyvale where you can go and do some biology experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a monthly fee (currently around $100/month for a year subscription) they provide the equipment, a lab bench and office space. You also get free classes from experts to help you get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This lab space is great for folks with some previous lab experience and/or who have an idea of their own they’d like to get started on. The equipment is all there for them to get started and they even get 15% discounts on any reagents they need. Stuff like restriction enzymes, Taq polymerase, nucleotides, etc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least for right now, the space/concept isn’t as useful for the uninitiated. If you just want to come and play, it can be hard to know what to do. Sort of like wanting to design a mobile app but having no experience and having never used one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thought I had was maybe membership can come with an optional, relatively simple project that can be done to get the member’s feet wet. Maybe using the mixable and matchable bits of DNA from \u003ca href=\"http://biobricks.org/\">BioBricks \u003c/a>to create a unique, artificial gene. That way the member could create something new but not have it be some cookbook, high school experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was just one idea off the top of my head. The folks at Biocurious know this is a problem and are brainstorming solutions. Can you think of ways that might help a newbie get started? What would it take to entice you to come join the fun?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyY9Rj7XhLc]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Great interview with Eri Gentry, founder of Biocurious\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29467\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/23/getting-your-bio-on/biocurious2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29467\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Biocurious2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Biocurious2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29467\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Biocurious2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Biocurious2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Do-it-yourself biology at Biocurious. Photo credit: Maria Chavez.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Let’s say you want to do a little “do-it-yourself” biological tinkering. Maybe you have an idea to make bacteria that can sense or even break down mercury in the environment. Or you want to attract funding for your start up with a few choice experiments. Or you just always wanted to do some biology. Where can you turn?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people like me, it’s easy. I work for Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and so if I were so inclined, I’d have access to the labs there. But this obviously isn’t a typical situation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For everyone else (at least here in the Bay Area), there is an organization called \u003ca href=\"http://biocurious.org/\">Biocurious\u003c/a>. They are an open lab located in Sunnyvale where you can go and do some biology experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a monthly fee (currently around $100/month for a year subscription) they provide the equipment, a lab bench and office space. You also get free classes from experts to help you get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This lab space is great for folks with some previous lab experience and/or who have an idea of their own they’d like to get started on. The equipment is all there for them to get started and they even get 15% discounts on any reagents they need. Stuff like restriction enzymes, Taq polymerase, nucleotides, etc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least for right now, the space/concept isn’t as useful for the uninitiated. If you just want to come and play, it can be hard to know what to do. Sort of like wanting to design a mobile app but having no experience and having never used one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thought I had was maybe membership can come with an optional, relatively simple project that can be done to get the member’s feet wet. Maybe using the mixable and matchable bits of DNA from \u003ca href=\"http://biobricks.org/\">BioBricks \u003c/a>to create a unique, artificial gene. That way the member could create something new but not have it be some cookbook, high school experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was just one idea off the top of my head. The folks at Biocurious know this is a problem and are brainstorming solutions. Can you think of ways that might help a newbie get started? What would it take to entice you to come join the fun?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/MyY9Rj7XhLc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/MyY9Rj7XhLc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Great interview with Eri Gentry, founder of Biocurious\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29667\" title=\"HuntersPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think. As garbage decomposes, it gives off \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane\">methane\u003c/a>. Methane, when floating around in the atmosphere, is a harmful greenhouse gas; it traps 20 times more heat than CO2. But methane’s other moniker is natural gas, and is an important energy source. Methane from landfills can be captured and used to generate power and fuel vehicles—often the very same garbage trucks that brought the trash to the landfill in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landfills are not just giant heaps of rotting trash. At the base and sides of a landfill, the trash is separated from the natural world by thick plastic liner, which prevents the effluvia from decomposing garbage from entering the environment and contaminating the groundwater. The trash itself is strategically stacked in layers of cells—landfills can be hundreds of feet deep. Within the landfill, different microbes break down the trash via \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion\">anaerobic digestion\u003c/a>. The microbes produce methane gas as a waste product. There are other gases produced too; this mix of gases produced by anaerobic microbes is called biogas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old landfills are punctuated by pipes that collect the biogas, which is then burned to prevent the gas from entering the atmosphere (and prevent the neighbors from smelling the stink). Open flares are just what they sound like—little burning flames of methane. Closed flares filter out the contaminants before the smoke is released. Flaring the biogas at the landfill is probably the most common way of dealing with it. But it is an unfortunate waste of a potentially valuable fuel source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer landfills are built with methane collection in mind from the early stages of construction. Pipes can be buried in the landfill as it is filled with trash. Pipes can also be placed in wells drilled through the trash after the landfill has begun to be filled. A vacuum system collects the gas as the microbes produce it. The amount of gas a landfill produces depends on the volume of trash and the age of the landfill; eventually, the gas production will peak and then begin to taper off. Today’s big landfills, however, can produce biogas for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane collected from landfills can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html\">generate electricity\u003c/a> via a turbine or internal combustion engine. Often some of the electricity is used at the landfill to run equipment, and the rest is sold to the local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from biogas can be converted to compressed natural gas, which can be used as fuel for vehicles. In some areas, regulations stipulate that large fleets of vehicles (with more than about 50 trucks) are required to run on clean fuel. When biogas is converted to compressed natural gas, the vehicles can refuel at the landfill. Building a system that converts biogas into compressed natural gas is a big investment, but the fleet saves on fuel costs for decades. These kinds of biogas systems can be installed at anaerobic waste digesters at places like wastewater treatment plants, not just landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Landfill has taken things a step further, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/02/BUM81AE52U.DTL\">converting landfill biogas into liquefied natural gas\u003c/a>. First, impurities are removed, and then the gas is cooled down to a liquid state. This liquefied natural gas is used to fuel Waste Management’s garbage trucks. Altamont Landfill’s liquid natural gas system is the largest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, we should buy only what we need, recycle what we can, and be careful to compost everything that’s compostable. But it’s nice to know that something useful can come from plain old trash.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29667\" title=\"HuntersPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think. As garbage decomposes, it gives off \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane\">methane\u003c/a>. Methane, when floating around in the atmosphere, is a harmful greenhouse gas; it traps 20 times more heat than CO2. But methane’s other moniker is natural gas, and is an important energy source. Methane from landfills can be captured and used to generate power and fuel vehicles—often the very same garbage trucks that brought the trash to the landfill in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landfills are not just giant heaps of rotting trash. At the base and sides of a landfill, the trash is separated from the natural world by thick plastic liner, which prevents the effluvia from decomposing garbage from entering the environment and contaminating the groundwater. The trash itself is strategically stacked in layers of cells—landfills can be hundreds of feet deep. Within the landfill, different microbes break down the trash via \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion\">anaerobic digestion\u003c/a>. The microbes produce methane gas as a waste product. There are other gases produced too; this mix of gases produced by anaerobic microbes is called biogas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old landfills are punctuated by pipes that collect the biogas, which is then burned to prevent the gas from entering the atmosphere (and prevent the neighbors from smelling the stink). Open flares are just what they sound like—little burning flames of methane. Closed flares filter out the contaminants before the smoke is released. Flaring the biogas at the landfill is probably the most common way of dealing with it. But it is an unfortunate waste of a potentially valuable fuel source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer landfills are built with methane collection in mind from the early stages of construction. Pipes can be buried in the landfill as it is filled with trash. Pipes can also be placed in wells drilled through the trash after the landfill has begun to be filled. A vacuum system collects the gas as the microbes produce it. The amount of gas a landfill produces depends on the volume of trash and the age of the landfill; eventually, the gas production will peak and then begin to taper off. Today’s big landfills, however, can produce biogas for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane collected from landfills can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html\">generate electricity\u003c/a> via a turbine or internal combustion engine. Often some of the electricity is used at the landfill to run equipment, and the rest is sold to the local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from biogas can be converted to compressed natural gas, which can be used as fuel for vehicles. In some areas, regulations stipulate that large fleets of vehicles (with more than about 50 trucks) are required to run on clean fuel. When biogas is converted to compressed natural gas, the vehicles can refuel at the landfill. Building a system that converts biogas into compressed natural gas is a big investment, but the fleet saves on fuel costs for decades. These kinds of biogas systems can be installed at anaerobic waste digesters at places like wastewater treatment plants, not just landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Landfill has taken things a step further, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/02/BUM81AE52U.DTL\">converting landfill biogas into liquefied natural gas\u003c/a>. First, impurities are removed, and then the gas is cooled down to a liquid state. This liquefied natural gas is used to fuel Waste Management’s garbage trucks. Altamont Landfill’s liquid natural gas system is the largest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, we should buy only what we need, recycle what we can, and be careful to compost everything that’s compostable. But it’s nice to know that something useful can come from plain old trash.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-23-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_4428.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_4428-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_4428\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29622\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new all-electric Nissan Leaf. (Photo: Josh Cassidy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week, California officials are voting on the toughest new regulations in the country to promote cleaner cars. If passed, by 2025, 15% of new cars and trucks sold in the state would have to be powered by batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or other technology that produces little or no air pollution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kind of tough mandates have been tried before and they failed. But officials are confident that era of electric vehicle as finally arrived in California. That’s becoming the case in the Bay Area, which has been a strong market for advanced cars since the first Prius came out a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a Prius V,” says Joe Testa at Downtown Toyota in Oakland, showing one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.toyota.com/prius-hybrid-family/\">several new Prius models\u003c/a> that Toyota is releasing this year. “It’s the longer, wagon style, so it has a little more room.” Testa says there’s already a waiting list for the new Prius Plug-in, which comes out in March. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toyota came out with hybrids ahead of other carmakers, maybe because the company anticipated changes in the market. Or, as some believe, it was due to a California state agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been at the forefront of encouraging, and some would people would say forcing, new technologies. The Prius hybrid electric vehicle is an example of that,” says Tom Cackette. Chief Deputy Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Clean Car History \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cackette says to see California’s legacy of shaping national car policy, you have to go back to 1975. The state had a growing smog problem, so the air board required cars to have catalytic converters. The federal government followed. California then \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/html/brochure/history.htm\">tightened air pollution rules\u003c/a> for cars. And tightened them again. “And almost in every case, the federal government would follow two, three, four, five years later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, new cars emit 99 percent less smog than cars did in the 1960s. “It’s probably the most successful environmental program in the world,” says Cackette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Clean car diaries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s it like to drive an electric car on an everyday basis? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">Check out our new blog\u003c/a> with lessons from early adopters.[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California has a new goal: dramatically \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cleanenergy/cleanenergy.htm\">cutting greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> to fight climate change. Transportation accounts for 40% of the state’s emissions. “The number one strategy to reduce greenhouse gases is these car standards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/consumer_info/advanced_clean_cars/consumer_acc.htm\">The proposed standards\u003c/a> would cut greenhouse gas emissions from new cars in half by 2025. “We actually worked very closely under the federal government under the Obama Administration and we’ve jointly developed the standards. So they won’t just apply in California. But they’ll apply nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting these tougher standards will raise car prices by about $1900, but Cackette says those costs would be offset by fuel savings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jumpstarting Electric Car Sales\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, California is taking an even bolder step, requiring automakers to sell increasing numbers of clean cars in the state. By 2025, they’d have to sell almost a million and half vehicles that run on electricity or hydrogen fuel cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thing is – California has tried this before. And it didn’t work. “I guess I would call it a little too visionary perhaps,” says Cackette. In 1990, the Air Resources Board mandated that 10 percent of new car sales be “\u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/consumer_info/advanced_clean_cars/consumer_acc_technology.htm\">zero emission\u003c/a>” cars by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously that didn’t happen. The price of gas was cheap in those times. The price of the technologies were high,” he says. The air board loosened the rules to include hybrid cars and cleaner gasoline engines, which he says drove carmakers to develop them faster. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Cackette believes that technology has come of age. Nissan is selling the all-electric Leaf and Chevy is selling the Volt, a plug-in hybrid. And there’s another big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Automakers Onboard \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The car manufacturers were adamantly opposed to the concept of government telling them they needed to build a new type of technology. That’s changed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are seeing more agreement between automakers and California and the federal government,” agrees Gloria Bergquist, a spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers in Washington DC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Automakers have invested billions of dollars in these technologies. And so in some ways we have similar interests. Our interest in recouping our investment is now aligned with the societal imperative to get more of these vehicles on the road,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bergquist says meeting the mandate calling for carmakers to sell a certain number of clean vehicles will ultimately depend on consumers. “There’s still a concern about what the consumer acceptance of these technologies is going to be and that can make a mandate very scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Groups Push for Tougher Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think California could be bolder,” says Don Anair is with the Union of Concerned Scientists, a non-profit group that supports even stronger clean car rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need that technology to advance for the technology cost to come down and make these vehicles accessible to more and more consumers. By having a more aggressive standard, that gives more certainty to investors that California is committed.” Anair wants to see tougher standards sooner rather than later, since it takes 15 years on average for the entire fleet of cars on the road to turn over. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new rules are successful, electric cars could be adopted at a much faster pace. Tom Cackette of the Air Resources Board says they’re doing all they can to encourage consumers to buy them, including funding a popular rebate program and working with companies to build an electric car charging infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, you’ve got to sort of have a jumpstart to this whole process and in the absence of a jumpstart, there’s a chance that it will fail,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ARB-chart\" width=\"600\" height=\"318\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29644\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart-400x212.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A projection of how zero emissions vehicles like electric cars will be 87% of all cars on the road in California by 2025. Source: California Air Resources Board.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-23-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_4428.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_4428-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_4428\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29622\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new all-electric Nissan Leaf. (Photo: Josh Cassidy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week, California officials are voting on the toughest new regulations in the country to promote cleaner cars. If passed, by 2025, 15% of new cars and trucks sold in the state would have to be powered by batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or other technology that produces little or no air pollution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kind of tough mandates have been tried before and they failed. But officials are confident that era of electric vehicle as finally arrived in California. That’s becoming the case in the Bay Area, which has been a strong market for advanced cars since the first Prius came out a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a Prius V,” says Joe Testa at Downtown Toyota in Oakland, showing one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.toyota.com/prius-hybrid-family/\">several new Prius models\u003c/a> that Toyota is releasing this year. “It’s the longer, wagon style, so it has a little more room.” Testa says there’s already a waiting list for the new Prius Plug-in, which comes out in March. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toyota came out with hybrids ahead of other carmakers, maybe because the company anticipated changes in the market. Or, as some believe, it was due to a California state agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been at the forefront of encouraging, and some would people would say forcing, new technologies. The Prius hybrid electric vehicle is an example of that,” says Tom Cackette. Chief Deputy Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Clean Car History \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cackette says to see California’s legacy of shaping national car policy, you have to go back to 1975. The state had a growing smog problem, so the air board required cars to have catalytic converters. The federal government followed. California then \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/html/brochure/history.htm\">tightened air pollution rules\u003c/a> for cars. And tightened them again. “And almost in every case, the federal government would follow two, three, four, five years later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, new cars emit 99 percent less smog than cars did in the 1960s. “It’s probably the most successful environmental program in the world,” says Cackette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Clean car diaries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s it like to drive an electric car on an everyday basis? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">Check out our new blog\u003c/a> with lessons from early adopters.[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California has a new goal: dramatically \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cleanenergy/cleanenergy.htm\">cutting greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> to fight climate change. Transportation accounts for 40% of the state’s emissions. “The number one strategy to reduce greenhouse gases is these car standards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/consumer_info/advanced_clean_cars/consumer_acc.htm\">The proposed standards\u003c/a> would cut greenhouse gas emissions from new cars in half by 2025. “We actually worked very closely under the federal government under the Obama Administration and we’ve jointly developed the standards. So they won’t just apply in California. But they’ll apply nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting these tougher standards will raise car prices by about $1900, but Cackette says those costs would be offset by fuel savings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jumpstarting Electric Car Sales\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, California is taking an even bolder step, requiring automakers to sell increasing numbers of clean cars in the state. By 2025, they’d have to sell almost a million and half vehicles that run on electricity or hydrogen fuel cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thing is – California has tried this before. And it didn’t work. “I guess I would call it a little too visionary perhaps,” says Cackette. In 1990, the Air Resources Board mandated that 10 percent of new car sales be “\u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/consumer_info/advanced_clean_cars/consumer_acc_technology.htm\">zero emission\u003c/a>” cars by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously that didn’t happen. The price of gas was cheap in those times. The price of the technologies were high,” he says. The air board loosened the rules to include hybrid cars and cleaner gasoline engines, which he says drove carmakers to develop them faster. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Cackette believes that technology has come of age. Nissan is selling the all-electric Leaf and Chevy is selling the Volt, a plug-in hybrid. And there’s another big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Automakers Onboard \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The car manufacturers were adamantly opposed to the concept of government telling them they needed to build a new type of technology. That’s changed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are seeing more agreement between automakers and California and the federal government,” agrees Gloria Bergquist, a spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers in Washington DC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Automakers have invested billions of dollars in these technologies. And so in some ways we have similar interests. Our interest in recouping our investment is now aligned with the societal imperative to get more of these vehicles on the road,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bergquist says meeting the mandate calling for carmakers to sell a certain number of clean vehicles will ultimately depend on consumers. “There’s still a concern about what the consumer acceptance of these technologies is going to be and that can make a mandate very scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Groups Push for Tougher Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think California could be bolder,” says Don Anair is with the Union of Concerned Scientists, a non-profit group that supports even stronger clean car rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need that technology to advance for the technology cost to come down and make these vehicles accessible to more and more consumers. By having a more aggressive standard, that gives more certainty to investors that California is committed.” Anair wants to see tougher standards sooner rather than later, since it takes 15 years on average for the entire fleet of cars on the road to turn over. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new rules are successful, electric cars could be adopted at a much faster pace. Tom Cackette of the Air Resources Board says they’re doing all they can to encourage consumers to buy them, including funding a popular rebate program and working with companies to build an electric car charging infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, you’ve got to sort of have a jumpstart to this whole process and in the absence of a jumpstart, there’s a chance that it will fail,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ARB-chart\" width=\"600\" height=\"318\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29644\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart-400x212.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A projection of how zero emissions vehicles like electric cars will be 87% of all cars on the road in California by 2025. Source: California Air Resources Board.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One of the first big lessons I learned as an electric car early adopter didn't happen out on the road but rather in my tax guy’s office. The lesson was this: if you are going to buy a clean car vehicle, plan ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many folks, I was counting on a number of tax credits and rebates to help me afford the Nissan Leaf. I have already received the state of \u003ca href=\"https://energycenter.org/index.php/incentive-programs/clean-vehicle-rebate-project\">California’s 2,500 dollar rebate\u003c/a> (it took a little over two months). Also, Nissan sent me a $700 rebate to pay me back for having a fast charging port installed on my Leaf. Although there are no fast chargers out there yet, I guess it’s going to come in handy one day. But what I might not get is the federal tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/life-with-the-leaf-missing-out-on-the-federal-tax-credit/finaltaxcredit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29560\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-29560\" title=\"2011 EV tax credit\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/finaltaxcredit.jpg\" alt=\"2011 EV tax credit\" width=\"400\" height=\"220\">\u003c/a>I thought the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/taxevb.shtml\">clean car federal tax credit of $7,500 for EVs\u003c/a> was like the home buyers' credit from last year or like California’s solar panel credit -- but it is not a refund credit. You have to set it up so you owe the federal government an amount, then they will take if off. I didn’t do that so after an early December tax appointment I rushed to increase my exemptions for my last two paychecks of the year. I scrambled to see where I could get some other income. Anyway, I am probably not going to even get half the credit which makes my Leaf much more expensive than I originally planned for. I blame myself for not researching this but it’s all a bit confusing. I also had not planned ahead on a home charger. I had \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/mybusiness/customerservice/otherrequests/newconstruction/servicerequirements/electric_vehicle_bulletin.pdf\">PG&E come out to do a required EV inspection \u003c/a>but I did not buy a charger before I bought the car. Thus my new shiny Leaf sat in my driveway, unused, for a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Monday I’ll explain how I picked my home charger and how I got it and the installation for free\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the first big lessons I learned as an electric car early adopter didn't happen out on the road but rather in my tax guy’s office. The lesson was this: if you are going to buy a clean car vehicle, plan ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many folks, I was counting on a number of tax credits and rebates to help me afford the Nissan Leaf. I have already received the state of \u003ca href=\"https://energycenter.org/index.php/incentive-programs/clean-vehicle-rebate-project\">California’s 2,500 dollar rebate\u003c/a> (it took a little over two months). Also, Nissan sent me a $700 rebate to pay me back for having a fast charging port installed on my Leaf. Although there are no fast chargers out there yet, I guess it’s going to come in handy one day. But what I might not get is the federal tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/life-with-the-leaf-missing-out-on-the-federal-tax-credit/finaltaxcredit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29560\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-29560\" title=\"2011 EV tax credit\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/finaltaxcredit.jpg\" alt=\"2011 EV tax credit\" width=\"400\" height=\"220\">\u003c/a>I thought the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/taxevb.shtml\">clean car federal tax credit of $7,500 for EVs\u003c/a> was like the home buyers' credit from last year or like California’s solar panel credit -- but it is not a refund credit. You have to set it up so you owe the federal government an amount, then they will take if off. I didn’t do that so after an early December tax appointment I rushed to increase my exemptions for my last two paychecks of the year. I scrambled to see where I could get some other income. Anyway, I am probably not going to even get half the credit which makes my Leaf much more expensive than I originally planned for. I blame myself for not researching this but it’s all a bit confusing. I also had not planned ahead on a home charger. I had \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/mybusiness/customerservice/otherrequests/newconstruction/servicerequirements/electric_vehicle_bulletin.pdf\">PG&E come out to do a required EV inspection \u003c/a>but I did not buy a charger before I bought the car. Thus my new shiny Leaf sat in my driveway, unused, for a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Monday I’ll explain how I picked my home charger and how I got it and the installation for free\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29538\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/treasure-from-the-sky/meteoritetop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29538\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritetop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meteoritetop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29538\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritetop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritetop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To those who know rocks, this chondrite meteorite could not be mistaken for an Earthly stone. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other week I mentioned, in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/12/confounding-concretions/\">talking about concretions\u003c/a>, that people can be fixated on the idea that they have found a dinosaur egg or meteorite. This last week meteorites featured in two news stories, one excitingly true and the other almost certainly bogus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exciting story was about a set of meteorites recovered in the desert of Morocco, a few months after their fall from space had been recorded. That doesn't happen very often—once meteors arrive in the atmosphere, their unguided trajectory means that a rather large area must be searched to find them. What was extraordinary was that these rocks were from Mars, \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hH-S9IfUThOHwaT8hY2e2W_x8FbQ\">certified as such this week by an expert scientific panel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorite hunting has become a cottage industry in the Sahara Desert, where conditions are ideal for space rocks to be preserved and for practiced observers to spot them. The locals who found the new Martian rocks sold them to dealers, who in turn marked up the price to almost a thousand dollars per gram even before the meteorites were formally certified as Martian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorites are most easily found in two places on Earth, the Sahara and Antarctica. In the case of Antarctica, they fall on the ice cap, where no other rocks exist at all. Movements of the ice can concentrate these meteorites, including the rarest stones from Mars and the Moon, in certain areas that are surveyed regularly and exclusively by scientists. That's good for science. For its part, the Sahara is good for the rest of us who can acquire these rarities for our own pleasure. And scientists can still study Saharan stones because meteorite hunters must donate pieces of their finds to a museum to qualify for authentication, without which the stones have no value. It's a tidy system with little impact on the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California deserts are also promising places for meteorite hunters. At least one Martian stone has already come from the Mojave. Meteorite hunting is simple in principle, yes, but far from a casual hobby. First you acquire a very intimate knowledge of the rocks that belong there, and then you examine approximately a million rocks to find one that doesn't belong there. And with that, you \u003ci>start\u003c/i> to learn about meteorites. I love rocks inordinately, but I think I would still go mad. Dr. Randy Korotev is a genuine meteorite expert at Washington University who gets torrents of email from would-be meteorite finders. On \u003ca href=\"http://meteorites.wustl.edu/what_to_do.htm\">his excellent \"What to Do\" page\u003c/a>, he says that of over 2000 serious inquiries over the years, only eight people had real meteorites. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easier to dream of fabulous wealth falling into your back yard. That dream, fed by an extremely rare handful of true stories, can blind people to the obvious. And that leads me to the Castro Valley man who got a reporter to feature his story \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_19738810\">in the \u003ci>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/i> last week\u003c/a>. His story did not even point to a meteorite, let alone prove it. He said he responded to his dog's barking and found a fresh pit in his back yard with a smoking, red-hot stone in it. That scenario is a old urban legend about meteorites that is never true. He said he talked to experts from Lawrence Livermore National Lab, who had him hold a magnet against the stone and try to cut off a piece of it. He claimed that after finding it both non-magnetic and hard enough to break a hacksaw blade, those experts told him that was positive evidence. None of that is what an expert would say. And the object he showed a photographer had a silvery color and finish (which could not be iron because it was non-magnetic), and a multiply-layered structure that is very common in Earth rocks. In short, it looked nothing like a fresh meteorite and everything like an ordinary metamorphic rock. But he was fervent enough in his belief to fool a reporter, and at least one editor, into running the story anyway. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/treasure-from-the-sky/meteoritecrust/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29539\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritecrust.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meteoritecrust\" width=\"600\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29539\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritecrust.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritecrust-400x285.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the back side of the chondrite shown at the top. Note the dark fusion crust and the hollows, called regmaglypts, carved by erosion in passing through the Earth's atmosphere. And a magnet sticks to it because it has small grains of iron metal throughout it.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Easier to save up some of your birthday money and buy a nice little meteorite at a rock show from a large, well-run dealership. My advice is to wait until the afternoon of the last day for the best price; dealers hate to pack up their inventory. That's how I got my 1/3-pound chunk of meteoritic nickel-iron from the Sikhote-Alin fall. There's nothing like the feeling of this ancient space metal in your hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/treasure-from-the-sky/meteoriteiron/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29540\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoriteiron.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meteoriteiron\" width=\"600\" height=\"460\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoriteiron.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoriteiron-400x307.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sikhote-Alin fall occurred in eastern Siberia in 1947. Specimens like this are readily available.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've written \u003ca href=\"http://www.imca.cc/mars/martian-meteorites.htm\">more about Martian and lunar meteorites\u003c/a> on my About.com site. I also have a \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/meteorites/ig/meteorites/\">photo gallery\u003c/a> there. Dr. Tony Irving has a deep and erudite \u003ca href=\"http://www.imca.cc/mars/martian-meteorites.htm\">page on Martian meteorites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The recently authenticated fall of meteorites from Mars excites fever dreams as well as scientific fervor.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29538\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/treasure-from-the-sky/meteoritetop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29538\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritetop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meteoritetop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29538\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritetop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritetop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To those who know rocks, this chondrite meteorite could not be mistaken for an Earthly stone. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other week I mentioned, in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/12/confounding-concretions/\">talking about concretions\u003c/a>, that people can be fixated on the idea that they have found a dinosaur egg or meteorite. This last week meteorites featured in two news stories, one excitingly true and the other almost certainly bogus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exciting story was about a set of meteorites recovered in the desert of Morocco, a few months after their fall from space had been recorded. That doesn't happen very often—once meteors arrive in the atmosphere, their unguided trajectory means that a rather large area must be searched to find them. What was extraordinary was that these rocks were from Mars, \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hH-S9IfUThOHwaT8hY2e2W_x8FbQ\">certified as such this week by an expert scientific panel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorite hunting has become a cottage industry in the Sahara Desert, where conditions are ideal for space rocks to be preserved and for practiced observers to spot them. The locals who found the new Martian rocks sold them to dealers, who in turn marked up the price to almost a thousand dollars per gram even before the meteorites were formally certified as Martian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorites are most easily found in two places on Earth, the Sahara and Antarctica. In the case of Antarctica, they fall on the ice cap, where no other rocks exist at all. Movements of the ice can concentrate these meteorites, including the rarest stones from Mars and the Moon, in certain areas that are surveyed regularly and exclusively by scientists. That's good for science. For its part, the Sahara is good for the rest of us who can acquire these rarities for our own pleasure. And scientists can still study Saharan stones because meteorite hunters must donate pieces of their finds to a museum to qualify for authentication, without which the stones have no value. It's a tidy system with little impact on the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California deserts are also promising places for meteorite hunters. At least one Martian stone has already come from the Mojave. Meteorite hunting is simple in principle, yes, but far from a casual hobby. First you acquire a very intimate knowledge of the rocks that belong there, and then you examine approximately a million rocks to find one that doesn't belong there. And with that, you \u003ci>start\u003c/i> to learn about meteorites. I love rocks inordinately, but I think I would still go mad. Dr. Randy Korotev is a genuine meteorite expert at Washington University who gets torrents of email from would-be meteorite finders. On \u003ca href=\"http://meteorites.wustl.edu/what_to_do.htm\">his excellent \"What to Do\" page\u003c/a>, he says that of over 2000 serious inquiries over the years, only eight people had real meteorites. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easier to dream of fabulous wealth falling into your back yard. That dream, fed by an extremely rare handful of true stories, can blind people to the obvious. And that leads me to the Castro Valley man who got a reporter to feature his story \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_19738810\">in the \u003ci>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/i> last week\u003c/a>. His story did not even point to a meteorite, let alone prove it. He said he responded to his dog's barking and found a fresh pit in his back yard with a smoking, red-hot stone in it. That scenario is a old urban legend about meteorites that is never true. He said he talked to experts from Lawrence Livermore National Lab, who had him hold a magnet against the stone and try to cut off a piece of it. He claimed that after finding it both non-magnetic and hard enough to break a hacksaw blade, those experts told him that was positive evidence. None of that is what an expert would say. And the object he showed a photographer had a silvery color and finish (which could not be iron because it was non-magnetic), and a multiply-layered structure that is very common in Earth rocks. In short, it looked nothing like a fresh meteorite and everything like an ordinary metamorphic rock. But he was fervent enough in his belief to fool a reporter, and at least one editor, into running the story anyway. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/treasure-from-the-sky/meteoritecrust/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29539\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritecrust.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meteoritecrust\" width=\"600\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29539\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritecrust.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoritecrust-400x285.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the back side of the chondrite shown at the top. Note the dark fusion crust and the hollows, called regmaglypts, carved by erosion in passing through the Earth's atmosphere. And a magnet sticks to it because it has small grains of iron metal throughout it.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Easier to save up some of your birthday money and buy a nice little meteorite at a rock show from a large, well-run dealership. My advice is to wait until the afternoon of the last day for the best price; dealers hate to pack up their inventory. That's how I got my 1/3-pound chunk of meteoritic nickel-iron from the Sikhote-Alin fall. There's nothing like the feeling of this ancient space metal in your hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/treasure-from-the-sky/meteoriteiron/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29540\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoriteiron.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meteoriteiron\" width=\"600\" height=\"460\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoriteiron.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/meteoriteiron-400x307.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sikhote-Alin fall occurred in eastern Siberia in 1947. Specimens like this are readily available.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've written \u003ca href=\"http://www.imca.cc/mars/martian-meteorites.htm\">more about Martian and lunar meteorites\u003c/a> on my About.com site. I also have a \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/meteorites/ig/meteorites/\">photo gallery\u003c/a> there. Dr. Tony Irving has a deep and erudite \u003ca href=\"http://www.imca.cc/mars/martian-meteorites.htm\">page on Martian meteorites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Six Bay Area Cities Play the Waiting Game",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-16-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/LBNL.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/LBNL.jpg\" alt=\"LBNL\" title=\"LBNL\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29456\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/LBNL.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/LBNL-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month may be the moment of truth for six Bay Area communities. Each one is vying to be the new home of a high-profile national research center. But when it comes to development in the Bay Area, there are no easy answers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland, Alameda, and Berkeley, Emeryville, Albany, and Richmond are the six cities in the running for what you might call the 2012 Cadillac of Bay Area Development Projects: A \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/community/second-campus/index.html\">new, second campus for the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/staff_roster.shtml\">Will Travis\u003c/a> – who, until recently, headed the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, a state agency that regulates building around the bay – says, sure, big development projects happen all the time in the Bay Area. But Lawrence Berkeley labs is what he calls \"a platinum level, marquee\" project. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it was founded in 1931, thirteen Nobel prizes have been won on work done here. Sixteen elements added to the periodic table. World-famous innovations in medical science, alternative energy and atomic research that helped win World War II. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It reflects who we are as a society, a knowledge-based society,\" says Travis, \"and this is the epitome of that.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a staff of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/LBL-PID/Lab_Facts/index.html\">4,000 and a budget of more than $800 million\u003c/a>, the Lawrence Berkeley Lab has been overflowing its headquarters in the Berkeley Hills for some time. Research on \u003ca href=\"http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=17669\">biofuels\u003c/a> and other fields has spilled over to satellite offices in Emeryville and Walnut Creek. The idea is to consolidate those operations into a second campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several Bay Area cities, this seems like a dream opportunity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a blindingly sunny day in November, Alameda city development manager Jennifer Ott took me on a tour of Alameda's contender in the race: a 50-acre waterfront property in the Alameda Naval Air Station. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gesturing to what now looks like a concrete wasteland – albeit with a spectacular Bay view – Ott described a bustling campus and waterfront promenade. Retail shops and restaurants, a jogging path. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says when the Navy decommissioned the Air Station 15 years ago, the city lost thousands of jobs. The lab would be a chance to bring this area back to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/City-Hall/Lawrence-Berkeley-National-Lab-Request-for-Qualification\">Alameda is offering the site\u003c/a> to the lab for free, which says a lot, especially when you consider that – as because it’s a national lab – the campus will contribute nothing in local property taxes \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ott says It’s still worth it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They will shop in our stores,\" says Ott, \"eat in our restaurants. And we also believe that they will attract other private development to the area that will bring tax revenue into the city and jobs.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for jobs unites all six of the possible sites. But here’s something else many of them have in common: They're flat and by the water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that presents a problem that no one has much experience dealing with says Will Travis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these areas are low-lying and vulnerable to sea level rise isn't something that's been integrated into regulatory process yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay waters \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/planning/climate_change/index_map.shtml\">are expected to rise\u003c/a> steadily in coming years: 16 inches by 2050, up to 55 inches by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the more imminent threat, says Travis, is storms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The scientists are telling us that we will have more extreme events more often. And we’re seeing it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Travis believes that sea-level rise is something that can be designed around with stilts, or artificial hills, setbacks. His former agency, the BCDC is charged with writing those guidelines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at a certain point, says Heather Cooley, of the Oakland-based Pacific Institute, there will be places simply not worth developing. Places we will just abandon to the rising waters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will need to have those sorts of conversations,\" says Cooley. But she adds that nobody in the Bay Area seems quite ready to have them yet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other hard conversations are taking place just north, near the Albany/Berkeley border at Golden Gate Fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited, a thoroughbred named \"I'm Tops\" is getting a pedicure, his hooves filed down and shiny new aluminum shoes fitted with nails and a hammer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a dying art,\" said Peter Tunney, my guide and a member of the Stronach Group, the private racing firm that owns this racetrack and others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tunney has been in the racing business most of his adult life. But he said betting had declined in recent years. Sometime, the grandstands were only half-full. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horse racing, said Tunney, \"has become a television sport. We have all learned that we don’t need grandstands anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Lawrence Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/92510/archives/2011/03/08/golden-gate-fields-submits-bid-for-lawrence-berkeley-lab\">chooses this spot\u003c/a> to put its new campus, the racetrack, built in 1941, would be torn down. The lab would either buy the property, or lease it from the Stronach Group. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racing would continue, said Tunney, just somewhere smaller inland like Pleasanton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're in the racing business. We’ll stay in the racing biz. We’re just following this through as a potential option.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the lab chooses \u003ca href=\"http://albany.patch.com/articles/new-berkeley-lab-design-comes-monday-from-golden-gate-fields\">Albany\u003c/a>, there will be some hurdles. Birders say the construction could damage precious habitat near the track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And losing the track would cost the city of Albany about a million and a half tax dollars that it takes in from the track each year, money that funds its schools, among other things. By law, residents here would have the right to vote on whether to allow the lab or not, which could add time and risk to the process\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no easy answers, says the BCDC's Will Travis. \"And I think that’s what’s taking so long. We have a series of imperfect alternatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://richmondconfidential.org/2011/05/10/richmond-named-as-finalist-in-lawrence-berkeley-national-lab-campus-bid/\">One final option \u003c/a>is to build out the Richmond Field Station, off of I-580, and just north of the racetrack. The Field station, which Lawrence Berkeley Lab already owns, currently houses several scientific projects, including an earthquake simulator and UC Berkeley's Forest Products Lab. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the lab says a decision should be out within the month. They hope to have the new facilities up and running by 2016. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-16-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/LBNL.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/LBNL.jpg\" alt=\"LBNL\" title=\"LBNL\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29456\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/LBNL.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/LBNL-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month may be the moment of truth for six Bay Area communities. Each one is vying to be the new home of a high-profile national research center. But when it comes to development in the Bay Area, there are no easy answers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland, Alameda, and Berkeley, Emeryville, Albany, and Richmond are the six cities in the running for what you might call the 2012 Cadillac of Bay Area Development Projects: A \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/community/second-campus/index.html\">new, second campus for the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/staff_roster.shtml\">Will Travis\u003c/a> – who, until recently, headed the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, a state agency that regulates building around the bay – says, sure, big development projects happen all the time in the Bay Area. But Lawrence Berkeley labs is what he calls \"a platinum level, marquee\" project. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it was founded in 1931, thirteen Nobel prizes have been won on work done here. Sixteen elements added to the periodic table. World-famous innovations in medical science, alternative energy and atomic research that helped win World War II. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It reflects who we are as a society, a knowledge-based society,\" says Travis, \"and this is the epitome of that.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a staff of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/LBL-PID/Lab_Facts/index.html\">4,000 and a budget of more than $800 million\u003c/a>, the Lawrence Berkeley Lab has been overflowing its headquarters in the Berkeley Hills for some time. Research on \u003ca href=\"http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=17669\">biofuels\u003c/a> and other fields has spilled over to satellite offices in Emeryville and Walnut Creek. The idea is to consolidate those operations into a second campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several Bay Area cities, this seems like a dream opportunity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a blindingly sunny day in November, Alameda city development manager Jennifer Ott took me on a tour of Alameda's contender in the race: a 50-acre waterfront property in the Alameda Naval Air Station. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gesturing to what now looks like a concrete wasteland – albeit with a spectacular Bay view – Ott described a bustling campus and waterfront promenade. Retail shops and restaurants, a jogging path. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says when the Navy decommissioned the Air Station 15 years ago, the city lost thousands of jobs. The lab would be a chance to bring this area back to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/City-Hall/Lawrence-Berkeley-National-Lab-Request-for-Qualification\">Alameda is offering the site\u003c/a> to the lab for free, which says a lot, especially when you consider that – as because it’s a national lab – the campus will contribute nothing in local property taxes \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ott says It’s still worth it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They will shop in our stores,\" says Ott, \"eat in our restaurants. And we also believe that they will attract other private development to the area that will bring tax revenue into the city and jobs.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for jobs unites all six of the possible sites. But here’s something else many of them have in common: They're flat and by the water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that presents a problem that no one has much experience dealing with says Will Travis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these areas are low-lying and vulnerable to sea level rise isn't something that's been integrated into regulatory process yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay waters \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/planning/climate_change/index_map.shtml\">are expected to rise\u003c/a> steadily in coming years: 16 inches by 2050, up to 55 inches by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the more imminent threat, says Travis, is storms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The scientists are telling us that we will have more extreme events more often. And we’re seeing it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Travis believes that sea-level rise is something that can be designed around with stilts, or artificial hills, setbacks. His former agency, the BCDC is charged with writing those guidelines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at a certain point, says Heather Cooley, of the Oakland-based Pacific Institute, there will be places simply not worth developing. Places we will just abandon to the rising waters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will need to have those sorts of conversations,\" says Cooley. But she adds that nobody in the Bay Area seems quite ready to have them yet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other hard conversations are taking place just north, near the Albany/Berkeley border at Golden Gate Fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited, a thoroughbred named \"I'm Tops\" is getting a pedicure, his hooves filed down and shiny new aluminum shoes fitted with nails and a hammer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a dying art,\" said Peter Tunney, my guide and a member of the Stronach Group, the private racing firm that owns this racetrack and others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tunney has been in the racing business most of his adult life. But he said betting had declined in recent years. Sometime, the grandstands were only half-full. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horse racing, said Tunney, \"has become a television sport. We have all learned that we don’t need grandstands anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Lawrence Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/92510/archives/2011/03/08/golden-gate-fields-submits-bid-for-lawrence-berkeley-lab\">chooses this spot\u003c/a> to put its new campus, the racetrack, built in 1941, would be torn down. The lab would either buy the property, or lease it from the Stronach Group. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racing would continue, said Tunney, just somewhere smaller inland like Pleasanton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're in the racing business. We’ll stay in the racing biz. We’re just following this through as a potential option.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the lab chooses \u003ca href=\"http://albany.patch.com/articles/new-berkeley-lab-design-comes-monday-from-golden-gate-fields\">Albany\u003c/a>, there will be some hurdles. Birders say the construction could damage precious habitat near the track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And losing the track would cost the city of Albany about a million and a half tax dollars that it takes in from the track each year, money that funds its schools, among other things. By law, residents here would have the right to vote on whether to allow the lab or not, which could add time and risk to the process\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no easy answers, says the BCDC's Will Travis. \"And I think that’s what’s taking so long. We have a series of imperfect alternatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://richmondconfidential.org/2011/05/10/richmond-named-as-finalist-in-lawrence-berkeley-national-lab-campus-bid/\">One final option \u003c/a>is to build out the Richmond Field Station, off of I-580, and just north of the racetrack. The Field station, which Lawrence Berkeley Lab already owns, currently houses several scientific projects, including an earthquake simulator and UC Berkeley's Forest Products Lab. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29205\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/12/the-stars-within-an-eyelashs-reach/orion-deathvalley-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29205\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/orion-deathvalley1.gif\" alt=\"Orion rising in Death Valley\" title=\"Orion rising in Death Valley\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orion rising in Death Valley - Credit: Ben Burress\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I want to take a moment, again, to contemplate the vastness of the Universe…and expect an epic fail….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What brings this on? Well, the skies of Death Valley, actually, which I just returned from (Death Valley, not its skies!) over the holiday break. My daughter and I went down there, mainly to crawl around the sand dunes and canyons, visit sites of the Gold Rush pioneers who gave the valley its [English] name, and get another good, up-close look at the raw Earth….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…but, as always, at night, when the campfire sparks warmly, I end up looking to the stars, which are extraordinarily bright in the dark desert skies. And I just get to thinking…again….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My touchstone on the vastness of the Universe is the knowledge that all the stars we can see in the night sky, with our unaided eyes, are quite starkly the closest things to us in the Universe—and even from those objects, light, traveling at 186,300 miles per second, takes years, decades, even centuries just to reach us. These \"local neighborhood\" stars are all within our Milky Way galaxy, and all among the very closest of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the stars of the night sky are a sort of \"front drop\"—like a big sheet of paper with stars printed on it, held before us--and the stars and galaxies of the rest of the Universe, beyond this \"front drop,\" are too far away for our eyes to perceive their light (without the help of a telescope). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to put the scale into perspective (trying very hard!), if this \"sheet of paper\" with stars printed on it, held in front of our collective Earthly \"face\", was, say, 1000 light years away (6000 trillion miles—which is actually about the greatest distance that our unassisted eyes can detect individual stars, and only stars of the most luminous type at that), this would be analogous in scale to an individual person holding a star-printed sheet of paper about two tenths of an inch before their eyes (yeah, I know, too close to focus on the printed stars…), with the surrounding Bay Area representing \"the rest of the Universe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What? I didn’t hear you…. What I said was, if the entire Bay Area represents the Universe, then the stars we can see with our eyes are found within two tenths of an inch of our eyeballs…. Even the Andromeda Galaxy, the most distant object unaided human eyes can perceive (and which I did spot as a very faint smudge on the dark Death Valley sky!), at a distance of about 2.5 million light years, would be less than 4 feet away from you in your Bay-Area-scaled Universe. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s here that my mind boggles, and it becomes doubtful to me that our brains have the capacity to really wrap around the Universal scale. It’s hard enough imagining the distances to the \"nearby\" local stars, a space in which light spends centuries crossing; trying to see beyond that big sheet of paper, to the 13.7 billion light year extent of space and time…boggle…fail…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the next time you find yourself gazing at the stars, remember that those are just the spots flittering around in front of our collective eyeball, no more than an eyelash away….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if that makes you feel small, cheer up; you live in a Universe that is altogether astonishing and magnificent, and not just a run-of-the-mill Universe of comprehendible size. I feel honored and proud….\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29205\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/12/the-stars-within-an-eyelashs-reach/orion-deathvalley-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29205\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/orion-deathvalley1.gif\" alt=\"Orion rising in Death Valley\" title=\"Orion rising in Death Valley\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orion rising in Death Valley - Credit: Ben Burress\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I want to take a moment, again, to contemplate the vastness of the Universe…and expect an epic fail….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What brings this on? Well, the skies of Death Valley, actually, which I just returned from (Death Valley, not its skies!) over the holiday break. My daughter and I went down there, mainly to crawl around the sand dunes and canyons, visit sites of the Gold Rush pioneers who gave the valley its [English] name, and get another good, up-close look at the raw Earth….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…but, as always, at night, when the campfire sparks warmly, I end up looking to the stars, which are extraordinarily bright in the dark desert skies. And I just get to thinking…again….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My touchstone on the vastness of the Universe is the knowledge that all the stars we can see in the night sky, with our unaided eyes, are quite starkly the closest things to us in the Universe—and even from those objects, light, traveling at 186,300 miles per second, takes years, decades, even centuries just to reach us. These \"local neighborhood\" stars are all within our Milky Way galaxy, and all among the very closest of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the stars of the night sky are a sort of \"front drop\"—like a big sheet of paper with stars printed on it, held before us--and the stars and galaxies of the rest of the Universe, beyond this \"front drop,\" are too far away for our eyes to perceive their light (without the help of a telescope). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to put the scale into perspective (trying very hard!), if this \"sheet of paper\" with stars printed on it, held in front of our collective Earthly \"face\", was, say, 1000 light years away (6000 trillion miles—which is actually about the greatest distance that our unassisted eyes can detect individual stars, and only stars of the most luminous type at that), this would be analogous in scale to an individual person holding a star-printed sheet of paper about two tenths of an inch before their eyes (yeah, I know, too close to focus on the printed stars…), with the surrounding Bay Area representing \"the rest of the Universe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What? I didn’t hear you…. What I said was, if the entire Bay Area represents the Universe, then the stars we can see with our eyes are found within two tenths of an inch of our eyeballs…. Even the Andromeda Galaxy, the most distant object unaided human eyes can perceive (and which I did spot as a very faint smudge on the dark Death Valley sky!), at a distance of about 2.5 million light years, would be less than 4 feet away from you in your Bay-Area-scaled Universe. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s here that my mind boggles, and it becomes doubtful to me that our brains have the capacity to really wrap around the Universal scale. It’s hard enough imagining the distances to the \"nearby\" local stars, a space in which light spends centuries crossing; trying to see beyond that big sheet of paper, to the 13.7 billion light year extent of space and time…boggle…fail…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the next time you find yourself gazing at the stars, remember that those are just the spots flittering around in front of our collective eyeball, no more than an eyelash away….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if that makes you feel small, cheer up; you live in a Universe that is altogether astonishing and magnificent, and not just a run-of-the-mill Universe of comprehendible size. I feel honored and proud….\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
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