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KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.
BART Installs System To Give Warning Seconds Before Major Quakes, Slowing Trains – 9/28 KQED Science News Roundup
Some Bugs Like it Hot: Climate Change and Agricultural Pests
Get Your Binoculars, It's Raptor Viewing Time
Things You May Not Know About California Tsunamis
Large April Quake Rattled The Globe – 9/27 KQED Science News Roundup
Creative Use of a Cancer Mutation May Improve Nylon Production
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"title": "BART Installs System To Give Warning Seconds Before Major Quakes, Slowing Trains – 9/28 KQED Science News Roundup",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4kII','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4kII\\'>BART installs system to give warning seconds before major quakes, slowing trains - ContraCostaTimes.com</a>In a marriage of technology and earthquake safety, BART has become the first U.S. transit system to install an early-warning system that can detect major earthquakes seconds before the ground begins shaking and then slow trains to reduce the risk of derailments, injuries and deaths.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Contracostatimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4kII\">BART installs system to give warning seconds before major quakes, slowing trains - ContraCostaTimes.com\u003c/a>In a marriage of technology and earthquake safety, BART has become the first U.S. transit system to install an early-warning system that can detect major earthquakes seconds before the ground begins shaking and then slow trains to reduce the risk of derailments, injuries and deaths.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Contracostatimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4km1 ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/15/32/20/3515424/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4km1 \\'>Law may encourage mammogram alternatives</a>A new law that will require California doctors to tell women if they have highly dense breast tissue is expected to increase demand for alternatives to mammography to screen patients for breast cancer. [...] methods include 3-D mammography, gamma imaging, hand-held and automated ultrasounds and, in women with an extremely high chance of getting cancer, breast magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/15/32/20/3515424/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4km1%20\">Law may encourage mammogram alternatives\u003c/a>A new law that will require California doctors to tell women if they have highly dense breast tissue is expected to increase demand for alternatives to mammography to screen patients for breast cancer. [...] methods include 3-D mammography, gamma imaging, hand-held and automated ultrasounds and, in women with an extremely high chance of getting cancer, breast magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4kv7','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2012/09/AirplaneSeats_Victor_L_Antunez_Flickr-150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4kv7\\'>Analysis: Access to Health Care Starting to Resemble Access to Air Travel</a>The old axis of access \\u00adin U.S. health care -- insured or uninsured -- is being replaced by the kind of gradations and complexity in determining who-gets-what-when-for-what-price for which the airline industry has become famous. Some recent data and reactions to the provisions of the Affordable Care Act reinforce the trend.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2012/09/AirplaneSeats_Victor_L_Antunez_Flickr-150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4kv7\">Analysis: Access to Health Care Starting to Resemble Access to Air Travel\u003c/a>The old axis of access in U.S. health care -- insured or uninsured -- is being replaced by the kind of gradations and complexity in determining who-gets-what-when-for-what-price for which the airline industry has become famous. Some recent data and reactions to the provisions of the Affordable Care Act reinforce the trend.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4kOz ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site6/2012/0927/20120927__sscs0928jbdesal~1_VIEWER.JPG\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4kOz \\'>\\'Fresh-squeezed water\\': Desalination debate raises financial, environmental and philosophical concerns - Santa Cruz Sentinel</a>Click photo to enlarge Will marine life be harmed during the ocean intake? What will the plant cost and who will pay for it? Have alternatives been exhausted? Will the new water enable the kind of population growth some Santa Cruzans have fought for generations?<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Santacruzsentinel</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site6/2012/0927/20120927__sscs0928jbdesal~1_VIEWER.JPG\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4kOz%20\">'Fresh-squeezed water': Desalination debate raises financial, environmental and philosophical concerns - Santa Cruz Sentinel\u003c/a>Click photo to enlarge Will marine life be harmed during the ocean intake? What will the plant cost and who will pay for it? Have alternatives been exhausted? Will the new water enable the kind of population growth some Santa Cruzans have fought for generations?\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Santacruzsentinel\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4kUe','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://californiawatch.org/files/Nature1.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4kUe\\'>Big earthquakes can trigger temblors across globe, USGS says</a>USGS The incidence of magnitude 5.5-or-greater earthquakes increased across the globe after a magnitude 8.6 temblor an April. A large earthquake in one part of the globe can trigger earthquakes elsewhere, according to new research by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and UC Berkeley.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://californiawatch.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Californiawatch</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://californiawatch.org/files/Nature1.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4kUe\">Big earthquakes can trigger temblors across globe, USGS says\u003c/a>USGS The incidence of magnitude 5.5-or-greater earthquakes increased across the globe after a magnitude 8.6 temblor an April. A large earthquake in one part of the globe can trigger earthquakes elsewhere, according to new research by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and UC Berkeley.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Californiawatch\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4mxT','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.npr.org/chrome/news/nprlogo_138x46-s2.gif\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4mxT\\'>Biodegradable Electronics Could End Toxic Trash : NPR</a>A future in which a discarded cell phone dissolves into a landfill, rather than living on for thousands of years as garbage, may not be that far off. Melissa Block talks with John A. Rogers, a 2009 MacArthur Fellow and professor of engineering at University of Illinois, about his research into \\"transient electronics.\\"<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.npr.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Npr</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.npr.org/chrome/news/nprlogo_138x46-s2.gif\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4mxT\">Biodegradable Electronics Could End Toxic Trash : NPR\u003c/a>A future in which a discarded cell phone dissolves into a landfill, rather than living on for thousands of years as garbage, may not be that far off. Melissa Block talks with John A. Rogers, a 2009 MacArthur Fellow and professor of engineering at University of Illinois, about his research into \"transient electronics.\"\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Npr\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4nHw','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://s1.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20120928&t=2&i=657715909&w=130&fh=&fw=&ll=&pl=&r=CBRE88R0P3K00\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4nHw\\'>New virus not spreading easily between people: WHO</a>LONDON (Reuters) - A new and potentially fatal virus from the same family as SARS which was discovered in a patient in London last week appears not to spread easily form person to person, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said on Friday.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.reuters.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Reuters</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://s1.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20120928&t=2&i=657715909&w=130&fh=&fw=&ll=&pl=&r=CBRE88R0P3K00\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4nHw\">New virus not spreading easily between people: WHO\u003c/a>LONDON (Reuters) - A new and potentially fatal virus from the same family as SARS which was discovered in a patient in London last week appears not to spread easily form person to person, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said on Friday.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Reuters\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "45367 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=bulletins&p=45367",
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"excerpt": "Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.",
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"title": "BART Installs System To Give Warning Seconds Before Major Quakes, Slowing Trains – 9/28 KQED Science News Roundup | KQED",
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"headline": "BART Installs System To Give Warning Seconds Before Major Quakes, Slowing Trains – 9/28 KQED Science News Roundup",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4kII','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4kII\\'>BART installs system to give warning seconds before major quakes, slowing trains - ContraCostaTimes.com</a>In a marriage of technology and earthquake safety, BART has become the first U.S. transit system to install an early-warning system that can detect major earthquakes seconds before the ground begins shaking and then slow trains to reduce the risk of derailments, injuries and deaths.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Contracostatimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4kII\">BART installs system to give warning seconds before major quakes, slowing trains - ContraCostaTimes.com\u003c/a>In a marriage of technology and earthquake safety, BART has become the first U.S. transit system to install an early-warning system that can detect major earthquakes seconds before the ground begins shaking and then slow trains to reduce the risk of derailments, injuries and deaths.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Contracostatimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4km1 ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/15/32/20/3515424/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4km1 \\'>Law may encourage mammogram alternatives</a>A new law that will require California doctors to tell women if they have highly dense breast tissue is expected to increase demand for alternatives to mammography to screen patients for breast cancer. [...] methods include 3-D mammography, gamma imaging, hand-held and automated ultrasounds and, in women with an extremely high chance of getting cancer, breast magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/15/32/20/3515424/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4km1%20\">Law may encourage mammogram alternatives\u003c/a>A new law that will require California doctors to tell women if they have highly dense breast tissue is expected to increase demand for alternatives to mammography to screen patients for breast cancer. [...] methods include 3-D mammography, gamma imaging, hand-held and automated ultrasounds and, in women with an extremely high chance of getting cancer, breast magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4kv7','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2012/09/AirplaneSeats_Victor_L_Antunez_Flickr-150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4kv7\\'>Analysis: Access to Health Care Starting to Resemble Access to Air Travel</a>The old axis of access \\u00adin U.S. health care -- insured or uninsured -- is being replaced by the kind of gradations and complexity in determining who-gets-what-when-for-what-price for which the airline industry has become famous. Some recent data and reactions to the provisions of the Affordable Care Act reinforce the trend.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2012/09/AirplaneSeats_Victor_L_Antunez_Flickr-150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4kv7\">Analysis: Access to Health Care Starting to Resemble Access to Air Travel\u003c/a>The old axis of access in U.S. health care -- insured or uninsured -- is being replaced by the kind of gradations and complexity in determining who-gets-what-when-for-what-price for which the airline industry has become famous. Some recent data and reactions to the provisions of the Affordable Care Act reinforce the trend.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4kOz ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site6/2012/0927/20120927__sscs0928jbdesal~1_VIEWER.JPG\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4kOz \\'>\\'Fresh-squeezed water\\': Desalination debate raises financial, environmental and philosophical concerns - Santa Cruz Sentinel</a>Click photo to enlarge Will marine life be harmed during the ocean intake? What will the plant cost and who will pay for it? Have alternatives been exhausted? Will the new water enable the kind of population growth some Santa Cruzans have fought for generations?<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Santacruzsentinel</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site6/2012/0927/20120927__sscs0928jbdesal~1_VIEWER.JPG\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4kOz%20\">'Fresh-squeezed water': Desalination debate raises financial, environmental and philosophical concerns - Santa Cruz Sentinel\u003c/a>Click photo to enlarge Will marine life be harmed during the ocean intake? What will the plant cost and who will pay for it? Have alternatives been exhausted? Will the new water enable the kind of population growth some Santa Cruzans have fought for generations?\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Santacruzsentinel\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4kUe','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://californiawatch.org/files/Nature1.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4kUe\\'>Big earthquakes can trigger temblors across globe, USGS says</a>USGS The incidence of magnitude 5.5-or-greater earthquakes increased across the globe after a magnitude 8.6 temblor an April. A large earthquake in one part of the globe can trigger earthquakes elsewhere, according to new research by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and UC Berkeley.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://californiawatch.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Californiawatch</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://californiawatch.org/files/Nature1.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4kUe\">Big earthquakes can trigger temblors across globe, USGS says\u003c/a>USGS The incidence of magnitude 5.5-or-greater earthquakes increased across the globe after a magnitude 8.6 temblor an April. A large earthquake in one part of the globe can trigger earthquakes elsewhere, according to new research by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and UC Berkeley.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Californiawatch\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4mxT','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.npr.org/chrome/news/nprlogo_138x46-s2.gif\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4mxT\\'>Biodegradable Electronics Could End Toxic Trash : NPR</a>A future in which a discarded cell phone dissolves into a landfill, rather than living on for thousands of years as garbage, may not be that far off. Melissa Block talks with John A. Rogers, a 2009 MacArthur Fellow and professor of engineering at University of Illinois, about his research into \\"transient electronics.\\"<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.npr.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Npr</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.npr.org/chrome/news/nprlogo_138x46-s2.gif\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4mxT\">Biodegradable Electronics Could End Toxic Trash : NPR\u003c/a>A future in which a discarded cell phone dissolves into a landfill, rather than living on for thousands of years as garbage, may not be that far off. Melissa Block talks with John A. Rogers, a 2009 MacArthur Fellow and professor of engineering at University of Illinois, about his research into \"transient electronics.\"\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Npr\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e4nHw','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://s1.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20120928&t=2&i=657715909&w=130&fh=&fw=&ll=&pl=&r=CBRE88R0P3K00\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e4nHw\\'>New virus not spreading easily between people: WHO</a>LONDON (Reuters) - A new and potentially fatal virus from the same family as SARS which was discovered in a patient in London last week appears not to spread easily form person to person, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said on Friday.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.reuters.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Reuters</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://s1.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20120928&t=2&i=657715909&w=130&fh=&fw=&ll=&pl=&r=CBRE88R0P3K00\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e4nHw\">New virus not spreading easily between people: WHO\u003c/a>LONDON (Reuters) - A new and potentially fatal virus from the same family as SARS which was discovered in a patient in London last week appears not to spread easily form person to person, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said on Friday.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Reuters\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Some Bugs Like it Hot: Climate Change and Agricultural Pests",
"title": "Some Bugs Like it Hot: Climate Change and Agricultural Pests",
"headTitle": "Heat and Harvest | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Potato grower \u003ca title=\"Brian Kirschenmann bio\" href=\"http://www.uspotatoes.com/pressRoom/pr.php?id=82\" target=\"_blank\">Brian Kirschenmann\u003c/a> bent over the deep green plants in his field in New Cuyama, nestled in a verdant valley an hour southwest of Bakersfield, and looked at the bottom of each leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to him, his crop advisor Gary Toschi examined a leaf under a magnifying glass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That one is active,” said Toschi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44631\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Jeff_Bradshaw_adultnympsandeggs_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44631\" title=\"Potato-tomato psyllids\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Jeff_Bradshaw_adultnympsandeggs_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult potato-tomato psyllid surrounded by young nymphs. Photo: Jeffrey Bradshaw, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Kirschenmann had found a round, bright green insect, about the size of the comma on a computer keyboard. The tiny pest is called a \u003ca title=\"University of Nebraska sheet about potato-tomato psyllids.\" href=\"http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=1449\" target=\"_blank\">potato-tomato psyllid\u003c/a>, and both the young nymphs like the one they found, and the adults, which are shaped like a cicada, wreak havoc on potatoes, as well as tomatoes, peppers and about 40 other crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In potatoes, they suck the plant dry. And what’s worse, the pest also can transmit a disease that ruins potato chips – a $6 billion business in the United States, despite the bad rap chips get from nutritionists. The disease transmitted by potato-tomato psyllids gives chips a burnt flavor and causes them to develop brown streaks, which is why the disease is known as “\u003ca title=\"Information about zebra chip disease\" href=\"http://zebrachipscri.tamu.edu/about-the-project/\" target=\"_blank\">zebra chip\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44657\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/John_Trumble_Zebra_Chip_Comparison_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44657\" title=\"Potatoes with zebra chip disease.\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/John_Trumble_Zebra_Chip_Comparison_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potatoes infected with zebra chip disease streak when they're fried. Photo: John Trumble.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Kirschenmann lost $250,000, when one of his potato fields in Kern County was infected with zebra chip and Frito Lay wouldn’t buy his chipper potatoes. Though potatoes aren’t one of California’s main crops, in Kern County they’re among the top 10 in value, to the tune of $130 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zebra chip disease hasn’t caused widespread losses in California, but the state’s potato growers are worried, especially after South Korea banned potato imports from Washington, Oregon and Idaho in August, out of concern over the disease. The ban is costing producers in those states some $8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my biggest fear,” said Kirschenmann, who grows 5,700 acres of potatoes in Kern County and New Cuyama and is a member of the United States Potato Board. Though California doesn’t export potatoes to South Korea, Kirschenmann does sell part of his crop to Guatemala and the Dominican Republic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44626\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Brian_Kirschenmann_potato_grower_resize.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44626\" title=\"Brian Kirschenmann, potato grower\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Brian_Kirschenmann_potato_grower_resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potato grower Brian Kirschenmann.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California has had potato-tomato psyllids for more than 100 years. What makes them a new problem for growers is that now they don’t just live in the state during the warmer months; they also spend the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our temperatures have increased by 2 to 3 degrees Fahrenheit, and that seems to be enough to keep them from being frozen out during the winter,” said entomologist \u003ca title=\"John Trumble bio\" href=\"http://www.facultydirectory.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/pub/public_individual.pl?faculty=159\" target=\"_blank\">John Trumble\u003c/a>, of the University of California, Riverside. “I suspect that global warming is at least playing a role in this particular insect’s spread into California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insects can’t produce their own heat, the way mammals do, so most of them do better in warmer temperatures. Around the world, scientists have started to document changes in insect behavior, as a result of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/John-Trumble_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44627\" title=\"John Trumble, UC Riverside\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/John-Trumble_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Entomologist John Trumble, from UC Riverside, says warmer temperatures are making a pest of potatoes and tomatoes more abundant in California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Spain, the European grapevine moth is flying out earlier in the summer and reproducing more abundantly than it did 20 years ago. On Tanzania’s Mt. Kilimanjaro, malaria mosquitoes are moving farther up the mountain. And in Japan, a pest called the green stink bug, that damages rice and soybeans, is expanding its range northward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not speculative, this is not something that we would predict,” said Trumble. “This is what’s happening now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trumble discovered, in the year 2000, that potato-tomato psyllids had spent the winter near one of his research tomato fields in Irvine, he knew this change in the insect’s behavior was bad news: it meant the pest could begin attacking crops early in the growing season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much more dangerous for the grower,” said Trumble, “because early infestation in a crop oftentimes leads to much more damage than if the pest occurs late in the crop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When spring temperatures get warm, this sends a cue to insects to begin their development, said entomologist Peter Oboyski, manager of collections at the University of California, Berkeley’s Essig Museum of Entomology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the season gets warmer earlier, that gives insects that much more time to develop, that much more time to eat a plant, that much more time to produce another generation,” said Oboyski.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44634\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Jack_Kelly_Clark_I-HO-PCOC-AD.003_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44634\" title=\"Potato-tomato psyllid\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Jack_Kelly_Clark_I-HO-PCOC-AD.003_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potato-tomato psyllid. Photo: Jack Kelly Clark, courtesy University of California Statewide IPM Program.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But how did UC Riverside’s John Trumble know that he was seeing a new behavior in the psyllid?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To figure out if spending the winter in California was a new behavior, Trumble turned to the historical record. He was fortunate that scientists in California have been collecting psyllids and making detailed notes about their habits since the 1880s. Through this information, he concluded that he was seeing something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every 30 years, since about 1900, it’s moved into California,” said Trumble, “and we would find it, it would be here for six months to a year, and then it would disappear, presumably because it got too cold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That pattern changed radically in 2000, with the psyllid spending the winter in Trumble’s field in Irvine. And the pest has since overwintered in locations further and further north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, tomato growers discovered psyllids had overwintered in Hollister. In 2012, scientists found they had spent the winter in the Washington-Oregon-Idaho area, where half of the country’s potatoes are grown. And this year, the pest also appeared in Manitoba, Canada, early in the growing season, a sign that it might have spent the winter there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As temperatures warm up in California and across the United States,” said Trumble, “these insects will be able to overwinter further and further north.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, down south, farmers have already been hit hard by the pest. In Mexico’s Baja California, the psyllids destroyed 85 percent of the tomato crop in 2001, said Trumble. Partly in response to the new pest, California farmers who grow tomatoes in Baja California have moved much of their production inside screened enclosures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spraying for psyllids is costing California potato growers about $75 per acre, said Kirschenmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44628\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Tractor_in_New_Cuyama_WWS_resize.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44628\" title=\"Potato field in New Cuyama, California\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Tractor_in_New_Cuyama_WWS_resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potato field in New Cuyama Valley, an hour southwest of Bakersfield. Potato-tomato psyllids have been found nearby. Photos: Gabriela Quirós.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This need for additional spraying has Trumble concerned. Since the 1970s, he and other scientists around the state have worked with growers to reduce pesticide use in conventionally-grown crops. The results have been dramatic, he said. Tomato growers, for example, cut spraying by half in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Less pesticide use means less concern by the consumers for pesticide residue. We use less fossil fuel; we have fewer volatile organic compounds that appear in the atmosphere; it reduces smog. It’s a real win-win for everybody in California,” said Trumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But warmer temperatures, and the pests that thrive in them, now threaten to undermine these gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if you have an insect with multiple generations, you get more generations. If you’ve got an insect that occurs early in a crop, it will occur earlier in the crop, and faster,” said Trumble. “So all of these things are desperately in need of additional research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A shorter version of this video story is part of the 30-minute documentary \u003ca title=\"Heat and Harvest - the documentary\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/heat-and-harvest/\" target=\"_blank\">Heat and Harvest\u003c/a>, a co-production of KQED and the Center for Investigative Reporting, that airs on KQED and PBS stations around California on Friday September 28 at 7:30 pm. Check your local listings.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Potato grower \u003ca title=\"Brian Kirschenmann bio\" href=\"http://www.uspotatoes.com/pressRoom/pr.php?id=82\" target=\"_blank\">Brian Kirschenmann\u003c/a> bent over the deep green plants in his field in New Cuyama, nestled in a verdant valley an hour southwest of Bakersfield, and looked at the bottom of each leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to him, his crop advisor Gary Toschi examined a leaf under a magnifying glass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That one is active,” said Toschi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44631\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Jeff_Bradshaw_adultnympsandeggs_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44631\" title=\"Potato-tomato psyllids\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Jeff_Bradshaw_adultnympsandeggs_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult potato-tomato psyllid surrounded by young nymphs. Photo: Jeffrey Bradshaw, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Kirschenmann had found a round, bright green insect, about the size of the comma on a computer keyboard. The tiny pest is called a \u003ca title=\"University of Nebraska sheet about potato-tomato psyllids.\" href=\"http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=1449\" target=\"_blank\">potato-tomato psyllid\u003c/a>, and both the young nymphs like the one they found, and the adults, which are shaped like a cicada, wreak havoc on potatoes, as well as tomatoes, peppers and about 40 other crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In potatoes, they suck the plant dry. And what’s worse, the pest also can transmit a disease that ruins potato chips – a $6 billion business in the United States, despite the bad rap chips get from nutritionists. The disease transmitted by potato-tomato psyllids gives chips a burnt flavor and causes them to develop brown streaks, which is why the disease is known as “\u003ca title=\"Information about zebra chip disease\" href=\"http://zebrachipscri.tamu.edu/about-the-project/\" target=\"_blank\">zebra chip\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44657\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/John_Trumble_Zebra_Chip_Comparison_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44657\" title=\"Potatoes with zebra chip disease.\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/John_Trumble_Zebra_Chip_Comparison_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potatoes infected with zebra chip disease streak when they're fried. Photo: John Trumble.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Kirschenmann lost $250,000, when one of his potato fields in Kern County was infected with zebra chip and Frito Lay wouldn’t buy his chipper potatoes. Though potatoes aren’t one of California’s main crops, in Kern County they’re among the top 10 in value, to the tune of $130 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zebra chip disease hasn’t caused widespread losses in California, but the state’s potato growers are worried, especially after South Korea banned potato imports from Washington, Oregon and Idaho in August, out of concern over the disease. The ban is costing producers in those states some $8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my biggest fear,” said Kirschenmann, who grows 5,700 acres of potatoes in Kern County and New Cuyama and is a member of the United States Potato Board. Though California doesn’t export potatoes to South Korea, Kirschenmann does sell part of his crop to Guatemala and the Dominican Republic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44626\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Brian_Kirschenmann_potato_grower_resize.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44626\" title=\"Brian Kirschenmann, potato grower\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Brian_Kirschenmann_potato_grower_resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potato grower Brian Kirschenmann.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California has had potato-tomato psyllids for more than 100 years. What makes them a new problem for growers is that now they don’t just live in the state during the warmer months; they also spend the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our temperatures have increased by 2 to 3 degrees Fahrenheit, and that seems to be enough to keep them from being frozen out during the winter,” said entomologist \u003ca title=\"John Trumble bio\" href=\"http://www.facultydirectory.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/pub/public_individual.pl?faculty=159\" target=\"_blank\">John Trumble\u003c/a>, of the University of California, Riverside. “I suspect that global warming is at least playing a role in this particular insect’s spread into California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insects can’t produce their own heat, the way mammals do, so most of them do better in warmer temperatures. Around the world, scientists have started to document changes in insect behavior, as a result of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/John-Trumble_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44627\" title=\"John Trumble, UC Riverside\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/John-Trumble_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Entomologist John Trumble, from UC Riverside, says warmer temperatures are making a pest of potatoes and tomatoes more abundant in California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Spain, the European grapevine moth is flying out earlier in the summer and reproducing more abundantly than it did 20 years ago. On Tanzania’s Mt. Kilimanjaro, malaria mosquitoes are moving farther up the mountain. And in Japan, a pest called the green stink bug, that damages rice and soybeans, is expanding its range northward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not speculative, this is not something that we would predict,” said Trumble. “This is what’s happening now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trumble discovered, in the year 2000, that potato-tomato psyllids had spent the winter near one of his research tomato fields in Irvine, he knew this change in the insect’s behavior was bad news: it meant the pest could begin attacking crops early in the growing season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much more dangerous for the grower,” said Trumble, “because early infestation in a crop oftentimes leads to much more damage than if the pest occurs late in the crop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When spring temperatures get warm, this sends a cue to insects to begin their development, said entomologist Peter Oboyski, manager of collections at the University of California, Berkeley’s Essig Museum of Entomology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the season gets warmer earlier, that gives insects that much more time to develop, that much more time to eat a plant, that much more time to produce another generation,” said Oboyski.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44634\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Jack_Kelly_Clark_I-HO-PCOC-AD.003_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44634\" title=\"Potato-tomato psyllid\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Jack_Kelly_Clark_I-HO-PCOC-AD.003_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potato-tomato psyllid. Photo: Jack Kelly Clark, courtesy University of California Statewide IPM Program.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But how did UC Riverside’s John Trumble know that he was seeing a new behavior in the psyllid?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To figure out if spending the winter in California was a new behavior, Trumble turned to the historical record. He was fortunate that scientists in California have been collecting psyllids and making detailed notes about their habits since the 1880s. Through this information, he concluded that he was seeing something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every 30 years, since about 1900, it’s moved into California,” said Trumble, “and we would find it, it would be here for six months to a year, and then it would disappear, presumably because it got too cold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That pattern changed radically in 2000, with the psyllid spending the winter in Trumble’s field in Irvine. And the pest has since overwintered in locations further and further north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, tomato growers discovered psyllids had overwintered in Hollister. In 2012, scientists found they had spent the winter in the Washington-Oregon-Idaho area, where half of the country’s potatoes are grown. And this year, the pest also appeared in Manitoba, Canada, early in the growing season, a sign that it might have spent the winter there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As temperatures warm up in California and across the United States,” said Trumble, “these insects will be able to overwinter further and further north.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, down south, farmers have already been hit hard by the pest. In Mexico’s Baja California, the psyllids destroyed 85 percent of the tomato crop in 2001, said Trumble. Partly in response to the new pest, California farmers who grow tomatoes in Baja California have moved much of their production inside screened enclosures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spraying for psyllids is costing California potato growers about $75 per acre, said Kirschenmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44628\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Tractor_in_New_Cuyama_WWS_resize.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44628\" title=\"Potato field in New Cuyama, California\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Tractor_in_New_Cuyama_WWS_resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potato field in New Cuyama Valley, an hour southwest of Bakersfield. Potato-tomato psyllids have been found nearby. Photos: Gabriela Quirós.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This need for additional spraying has Trumble concerned. Since the 1970s, he and other scientists around the state have worked with growers to reduce pesticide use in conventionally-grown crops. The results have been dramatic, he said. Tomato growers, for example, cut spraying by half in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Less pesticide use means less concern by the consumers for pesticide residue. We use less fossil fuel; we have fewer volatile organic compounds that appear in the atmosphere; it reduces smog. It’s a real win-win for everybody in California,” said Trumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But warmer temperatures, and the pests that thrive in them, now threaten to undermine these gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if you have an insect with multiple generations, you get more generations. If you’ve got an insect that occurs early in a crop, it will occur earlier in the crop, and faster,” said Trumble. “So all of these things are desperately in need of additional research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A shorter version of this video story is part of the 30-minute documentary \u003ca title=\"Heat and Harvest - the documentary\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/heat-and-harvest/\" target=\"_blank\">Heat and Harvest\u003c/a>, a co-production of KQED and the Center for Investigative Reporting, that airs on KQED and PBS stations around California on Friday September 28 at 7:30 pm. Check your local listings.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/28/get-your-binoculars-its-raptor-viewing-time/h/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45330\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45330\" title=\"GGRO Hawk Watch Volunteers\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/GGRO-Volunteers-e1348856671721.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/GGRO-Volunteers-e1348856671721.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/GGRO-Volunteers-e1348856671721-400x268.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers from the Golden Gate Raptor Observatory collect data on Hawk Hill in the Marin Headlands. Photo by Jessica Weinberg, courtesy of GGRO.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The raptor migration over the Marin Headlands is one of fall’s best, limited-engagement spectacles. Every September a highly-trained cadre of volunteers from the \u003ca title=\"Golden Gate Raptor Observatory\" href=\"http://www.ggro.org/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate Raptor Observatory\u003c/a> (GGRO) mounts Hawk Hill with binoculars and spotting scopes to document the passage of raptors as they gather to ride the rising warm air over the headlands before gliding across the mouth of the Bay. Reluctant to waste energy flying over open water, they “kettle” in flocks of mixed raptors of every kind to rise high in the air. While they’re rising in lazy circles, the hawk watchers busily identify as many as they can and count individuals. Some of the \u003ca title=\"Hawk Watch Daily Counts GGRO\" href=\"http://www.ggro.org/events/hawkwatchToday.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">daily hawk counts\u003c/a> from dawn to dusk (or inundation by thick fog) reach over 700 individuals. Their work has contributed so much knowledge about the ecology of raptors. Similar counts take place around the US with famous spots on the \u003ca title=\"North American Hawk Migration Association\" href=\"http://www.hmana.org/sitesel.php?PHPSESSID=6824727e3aad9be2fb63302500008689\" target=\"_blank\">East Coast and in Texas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45335\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/28/get-your-binoculars-its-raptor-viewing-time/c/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45335\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-45335\" title=\"Hawk Banding\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/GGRO-Hawk-Banding-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cooper's hawk is captured and banded before being released for future tracking. Photo by Jessica Weinberg, courtesy of GGRO.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>GGRO volunteers also capture individual birds to tag or attach radio transmitters to track their migration path. A \u003ca title=\"Cornell University, All About Birds website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Broad-winged_Hawk/lifehistory\" target=\"_blank\">broad-winged hawk\u003c/a> merited special attention this year. The individual, which the team named named Marathon, is unusual. The species is primarily found across Canada and throughout the eastern US during the breeding season, then most of them travel south to the tropical forests in Central and South America averaging 7,000 miles at 100 miles per day. They’re rarely seen on the West Coast, but regularly show up over Hawk Hill in small numbers during fall migration. You can track Marathon’s southward migration flight on \u003ca title=\"GGRO Telemetry team blog\" href=\"http://www.ggrotelemetry.blogspot.com/\">GGRO’s blog\u003c/a>. The other long-distance migrants seen in eastern Contra Costa County and the Central Valley are \u003ca title=\"Cornell University, All About Birds website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Swainsons_Hawk/id\" target=\"_blank\">Swainson’s hawks\u003c/a>. Their long-distance migration range spans from northern Canada to Argentina, averaging about 14,000 miles accomplished over the course of two months each way in spring and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next week or two should still be good for raptor viewing at Hawk Hill. Volunteers will be available to help you view and identify hawks overhead (with the exception of Oct. 6th and 7th during Fleet Week when even the volunteers won't brave the crowds!). If you’re interested in year-round raptor viewing and would like to be part of a team, you can also join EBRPD naturalist Mike Moran in eastern Contra Costa County. His fourth \u003ca title=\"EBRPD website\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/activities\" target=\"_blank\">Thursday morning “Raptor Baseline” program\u003c/a> counts and tracks raptors in this rich habitat area. No previous experience is necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45336\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/28/get-your-binoculars-its-raptor-viewing-time/r/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45336\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-45336 \" title=\"Kettle of raptors with San Francisco in view\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Raptor-Kettle-with-SF-View-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small \"kettle\" of raptors rises on thermals near San Francisco. Photo by Jessica Weinberg, courtesy of GGRO\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The autumn brings the annual raptor migration over Hawk Hill in the Marin Headlands north of San Francisco. Find out about their journey and the people who count them.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/28/get-your-binoculars-its-raptor-viewing-time/h/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45330\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45330\" title=\"GGRO Hawk Watch Volunteers\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/GGRO-Volunteers-e1348856671721.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/GGRO-Volunteers-e1348856671721.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/GGRO-Volunteers-e1348856671721-400x268.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers from the Golden Gate Raptor Observatory collect data on Hawk Hill in the Marin Headlands. Photo by Jessica Weinberg, courtesy of GGRO.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The raptor migration over the Marin Headlands is one of fall’s best, limited-engagement spectacles. Every September a highly-trained cadre of volunteers from the \u003ca title=\"Golden Gate Raptor Observatory\" href=\"http://www.ggro.org/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate Raptor Observatory\u003c/a> (GGRO) mounts Hawk Hill with binoculars and spotting scopes to document the passage of raptors as they gather to ride the rising warm air over the headlands before gliding across the mouth of the Bay. Reluctant to waste energy flying over open water, they “kettle” in flocks of mixed raptors of every kind to rise high in the air. While they’re rising in lazy circles, the hawk watchers busily identify as many as they can and count individuals. Some of the \u003ca title=\"Hawk Watch Daily Counts GGRO\" href=\"http://www.ggro.org/events/hawkwatchToday.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">daily hawk counts\u003c/a> from dawn to dusk (or inundation by thick fog) reach over 700 individuals. Their work has contributed so much knowledge about the ecology of raptors. Similar counts take place around the US with famous spots on the \u003ca title=\"North American Hawk Migration Association\" href=\"http://www.hmana.org/sitesel.php?PHPSESSID=6824727e3aad9be2fb63302500008689\" target=\"_blank\">East Coast and in Texas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45335\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/28/get-your-binoculars-its-raptor-viewing-time/c/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45335\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-45335\" title=\"Hawk Banding\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/GGRO-Hawk-Banding-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cooper's hawk is captured and banded before being released for future tracking. Photo by Jessica Weinberg, courtesy of GGRO.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>GGRO volunteers also capture individual birds to tag or attach radio transmitters to track their migration path. A \u003ca title=\"Cornell University, All About Birds website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Broad-winged_Hawk/lifehistory\" target=\"_blank\">broad-winged hawk\u003c/a> merited special attention this year. The individual, which the team named named Marathon, is unusual. The species is primarily found across Canada and throughout the eastern US during the breeding season, then most of them travel south to the tropical forests in Central and South America averaging 7,000 miles at 100 miles per day. They’re rarely seen on the West Coast, but regularly show up over Hawk Hill in small numbers during fall migration. You can track Marathon’s southward migration flight on \u003ca title=\"GGRO Telemetry team blog\" href=\"http://www.ggrotelemetry.blogspot.com/\">GGRO’s blog\u003c/a>. The other long-distance migrants seen in eastern Contra Costa County and the Central Valley are \u003ca title=\"Cornell University, All About Birds website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Swainsons_Hawk/id\" target=\"_blank\">Swainson’s hawks\u003c/a>. Their long-distance migration range spans from northern Canada to Argentina, averaging about 14,000 miles accomplished over the course of two months each way in spring and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next week or two should still be good for raptor viewing at Hawk Hill. Volunteers will be available to help you view and identify hawks overhead (with the exception of Oct. 6th and 7th during Fleet Week when even the volunteers won't brave the crowds!). If you’re interested in year-round raptor viewing and would like to be part of a team, you can also join EBRPD naturalist Mike Moran in eastern Contra Costa County. His fourth \u003ca title=\"EBRPD website\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/activities\" target=\"_blank\">Thursday morning “Raptor Baseline” program\u003c/a> counts and tracks raptors in this rich habitat area. No previous experience is necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45336\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/28/get-your-binoculars-its-raptor-viewing-time/r/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45336\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-45336 \" title=\"Kettle of raptors with San Francisco in view\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Raptor-Kettle-with-SF-View-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small \"kettle\" of raptors rises on thermals near San Francisco. Photo by Jessica Weinberg, courtesy of GGRO\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Things You May Not Know About California Tsunamis",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45182\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/27/things-you-may-not-know-about-california-tsunamis/calif-tsu/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45182\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45182\" title=\"calif-tsu\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/calif-tsu-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State and local authorities hold regular tsunami drills to help make life-saving behavior automatic. Image courtesy California Geological Survey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I attended a talk last night given by California's tsunami czar. She's a Sacramento geologist named Cindy Pridmore who works in the California Geological Survey, doing outreach activities around tsunamis and earthquakes. She reviewed some of the work that state and local governments have been doing since the tsunami that Japan sent us on March 12, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us probably recall that while the tsunami caused horrific death and damage in Japan, by the time it reached our shores about 10 hours later it felt more like a reason to go sightseeing. Indeed, Pridmore reminded us, the single California fatality was the drowning of a man who went down by the Klamath River to shoot pictures. Even in that well-known fact there was a deeper significant detail: the body was recovered hundreds of miles north, carried there against the prevailing ocean currents by the tsunami's hydrological chaos. Tsunamis, even little ones, are nothing to mess with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relatively minor \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/17/tsunami-awareness-at-the-beach/\">effects of California's tsunami\u003c/a> included strong riptides and unusual currents rather than the black seas of death that visited Japan, yet that day the state counted up $100 million in damages to boats and harbor facilities. As the tsunami waves continued to ricochet around the Pacific and the tides came and went, California coastal communities felt the effects all that day and the following night. Tsunamis are not quick, one-shot events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year we were lucky that barely a week before the great Tohoku earthquake, state agencies had set up tsunami observing teams assigned to different parts of the coast. The teams had worked out safe places to stand, lists of observations to make and the right phone numbers to call. Their information helped guide the state's immediate response and documented damages that helped coastal counties qualify for federal disaster assistance. Afterward, state workers collected all the camera footage they could gather from Coast Guard helicopters, broadcasters and amateurs. This data trove continues to be studied to help rebuild smarter and improve responses. Tsunamis can be mitigated and learned from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The March 2011 tsunami uncovered some unforeseen problems. Spanish speakers, for instance, were not well served with information, and many of them fled unnecessarily for miles from the coast. Media reports misinterpreted tsunami \"warning\" announcements as \"advisories,\" whereas warnings are actually the highest level of alert. Harbormasters had trouble with some boat owners desperate to leave the harbor after the safe cutoff time—Pridmore told of one scoffer who came back, chastened, after narrowly escaping death and now tells his cautionary tale to boating audiences. Tsunamis can be dealt with through public education and well-founded rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's tsunami program has learned from three successive events of increasing severity. The small tsunami from the magnitude 8.0 Samoa earthquake of September 29, 2009, had California scientists participating directly with emergency responders. The larger one from the magnitude 8.8 Chile earthquake of February 26, 2010, yielded even closer collaboration and the collection of more comprehensive data. The state learned lessons that paid off, luckily, in March 2011 just days after the tsunami observation teams were launched. Since then many coastal communities, especially in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/16/our-corner-of-cascadia/\">our corner of Cascadia\u003c/a>, have held successful tsunami drills. Pridmore described a Saturday morning \u003ca href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/lifestyle/ci_19699949\">drill in the village of King Salmon\u003c/a> in which every single resident made it in time to the designated tsunami shelter, a hilltop owned by PG&E that the company has opened to the public. Tsunamis can be made less deadly by public preparation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Geological Survey's tsunami page is at an easy-to-remember address: \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Index.aspx\">www.tsunami.ca.gov\u003c/a>. Among its new features are links to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Statewide_Maps.aspx\">interactive state map\u003c/a> to show you your county's tsunami inundation map, a page of \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Pages/education.aspx\">student activities, videos, brochures and curricula\u003c/a> about tsunamis, and a new leaflet, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Documents/boating%20pamphlet.pdf\">Tsunamis! What Boaters Should Know\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientific agencies have helped the state improve its knowledge of tsunamis and its responses to them. They can teach you and help you respond, too.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45182\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/27/things-you-may-not-know-about-california-tsunamis/calif-tsu/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45182\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45182\" title=\"calif-tsu\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/calif-tsu-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State and local authorities hold regular tsunami drills to help make life-saving behavior automatic. Image courtesy California Geological Survey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I attended a talk last night given by California's tsunami czar. She's a Sacramento geologist named Cindy Pridmore who works in the California Geological Survey, doing outreach activities around tsunamis and earthquakes. She reviewed some of the work that state and local governments have been doing since the tsunami that Japan sent us on March 12, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us probably recall that while the tsunami caused horrific death and damage in Japan, by the time it reached our shores about 10 hours later it felt more like a reason to go sightseeing. Indeed, Pridmore reminded us, the single California fatality was the drowning of a man who went down by the Klamath River to shoot pictures. Even in that well-known fact there was a deeper significant detail: the body was recovered hundreds of miles north, carried there against the prevailing ocean currents by the tsunami's hydrological chaos. Tsunamis, even little ones, are nothing to mess with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relatively minor \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/17/tsunami-awareness-at-the-beach/\">effects of California's tsunami\u003c/a> included strong riptides and unusual currents rather than the black seas of death that visited Japan, yet that day the state counted up $100 million in damages to boats and harbor facilities. As the tsunami waves continued to ricochet around the Pacific and the tides came and went, California coastal communities felt the effects all that day and the following night. Tsunamis are not quick, one-shot events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year we were lucky that barely a week before the great Tohoku earthquake, state agencies had set up tsunami observing teams assigned to different parts of the coast. The teams had worked out safe places to stand, lists of observations to make and the right phone numbers to call. Their information helped guide the state's immediate response and documented damages that helped coastal counties qualify for federal disaster assistance. Afterward, state workers collected all the camera footage they could gather from Coast Guard helicopters, broadcasters and amateurs. This data trove continues to be studied to help rebuild smarter and improve responses. Tsunamis can be mitigated and learned from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The March 2011 tsunami uncovered some unforeseen problems. Spanish speakers, for instance, were not well served with information, and many of them fled unnecessarily for miles from the coast. Media reports misinterpreted tsunami \"warning\" announcements as \"advisories,\" whereas warnings are actually the highest level of alert. Harbormasters had trouble with some boat owners desperate to leave the harbor after the safe cutoff time—Pridmore told of one scoffer who came back, chastened, after narrowly escaping death and now tells his cautionary tale to boating audiences. Tsunamis can be dealt with through public education and well-founded rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's tsunami program has learned from three successive events of increasing severity. The small tsunami from the magnitude 8.0 Samoa earthquake of September 29, 2009, had California scientists participating directly with emergency responders. The larger one from the magnitude 8.8 Chile earthquake of February 26, 2010, yielded even closer collaboration and the collection of more comprehensive data. The state learned lessons that paid off, luckily, in March 2011 just days after the tsunami observation teams were launched. Since then many coastal communities, especially in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/16/our-corner-of-cascadia/\">our corner of Cascadia\u003c/a>, have held successful tsunami drills. Pridmore described a Saturday morning \u003ca href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/lifestyle/ci_19699949\">drill in the village of King Salmon\u003c/a> in which every single resident made it in time to the designated tsunami shelter, a hilltop owned by PG&E that the company has opened to the public. Tsunamis can be made less deadly by public preparation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Geological Survey's tsunami page is at an easy-to-remember address: \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Index.aspx\">www.tsunami.ca.gov\u003c/a>. Among its new features are links to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Statewide_Maps.aspx\">interactive state map\u003c/a> to show you your county's tsunami inundation map, a page of \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Pages/education.aspx\">student activities, videos, brochures and curricula\u003c/a> about tsunamis, and a new leaflet, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Documents/boating%20pamphlet.pdf\">Tsunamis! What Boaters Should Know\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Large April Quake Rattled The Globe – 9/27 KQED Science News Roundup",
"title": "Large April Quake Rattled The Globe – 9/27 KQED Science News Roundup",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e2wrG','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.sfgate.com/img/modules/siteheader/brand.png\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e2wrG\\'>Large April quake rattled the globe</a>A huge earthquake that struck beneath the Indian Ocean in April triggered an extraordinary burst of large quakes around the world that alerted scientists to new seismic hazards everywhere. [...] the one on April 11 caused what scientists termed an \\"astonishing\\" increase in dangerous quake activity across five continents for at least six days, with temblors triggered, among other places, in Japan, Alaska, Mexico, and off the coast of Oregon.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.sfgate.com/img/modules/siteheader/brand.png\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e2wrG\">Large April quake rattled the globe\u003c/a>A huge earthquake that struck beneath the Indian Ocean in April triggered an extraordinary burst of large quakes around the world that alerted scientists to new seismic hazards everywhere. [...] the one on April 11 caused what scientists termed an \"astonishing\" increase in dangerous quake activity across five continents for at least six days, with temblors triggered, among other places, in Japan, Alaska, Mexico, and off the coast of Oregon.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e2wDq','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e2wDq\\'>Governor Jerry Brown signs bill that bans the use of dogs to hunt bears and bobcats in California - San Jose Mercury News</a>SACRAMENTO -- In what animal welfare activists say is the end of an inhumane, unsporting practice and hunters call legislative meddling in natural resource policy, Gov. Jerry Brown on Wednesday signed a law banning the use of dogs to hunt bears and bobcats. The bill, authored by state Sen.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.mercurynews.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Mercurynews</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e2wDq\">Governor Jerry Brown signs bill that bans the use of dogs to hunt bears and bobcats in California - San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>SACRAMENTO -- In what animal welfare activists say is the end of an inhumane, unsporting practice and hunters call legislative meddling in natural resource policy, Gov. Jerry Brown on Wednesday signed a law banning the use of dogs to hunt bears and bobcats. The bill, authored by state Sen.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e2Aos','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.popsci.com/files/articles/stanford-audi-tt-s-autonomous-vehicle-at-pikes-peak-rear-view.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e2Aos\\'>Invisibility, No Brake Lights, Ads Everywhere: The Future Of Self-Driving Cars</a>Following news that California has legalized self-driving cars, the legendary ex-BMW design chief Chris Bangle shares his thoughts on what\\'s next for auto design. Car designer Chris Bangle has spent years designing forward-thinking vehicles, so now, with self-driving cars just legalized in California, we decided to pick his brain on what\\'s next for the automobile that no longer needs its master.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.popsci.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Popsci</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.popsci.com/files/articles/stanford-audi-tt-s-autonomous-vehicle-at-pikes-peak-rear-view.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Invisibility, No Brake Lights, Ads Everywhere: The Future Of Self-Driving CarsFollowing news that California has legalized self-driving cars, the legendary ex-BMW design chief Chris Bangle shares his thoughts on what's next for auto design. Car designer Chris Bangle has spent years designing forward-thinking vehicles, so now, with self-driving cars just legalized in California, we decided to pick his brain on what's next for the automobile that no longer needs its master.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Popsci\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e2Ase','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2012/09/momson-300x199.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e2Ase\\'>Bearing Sons Leaves Male DNA Traces in Mom\\'s Brain | Wired Science | Wired.com</a>Giving a whole new meaning to \\"pregnancy brain,\\" a new study shows that male DNA-likely left over from pregnancy with a male fetus-can persist in a woman\\'s brain throughout her life.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.wired.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Wired</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2012/09/momson-300x199.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e2Ase\">Bearing Sons Leaves Male DNA Traces in Mom's Brain | Wired Science | Wired.com\u003c/a>Giving a whole new meaning to \"pregnancy brain,\" a new study shows that male DNA-likely left over from pregnancy with a male fetus-can persist in a woman's brain throughout her life.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Wired\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e2wrG','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.sfgate.com/img/modules/siteheader/brand.png\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e2wrG\\'>Large April quake rattled the globe</a>A huge earthquake that struck beneath the Indian Ocean in April triggered an extraordinary burst of large quakes around the world that alerted scientists to new seismic hazards everywhere. [...] the one on April 11 caused what scientists termed an \\"astonishing\\" increase in dangerous quake activity across five continents for at least six days, with temblors triggered, among other places, in Japan, Alaska, Mexico, and off the coast of Oregon.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.sfgate.com/img/modules/siteheader/brand.png\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e2wrG\">Large April quake rattled the globe\u003c/a>A huge earthquake that struck beneath the Indian Ocean in April triggered an extraordinary burst of large quakes around the world that alerted scientists to new seismic hazards everywhere. [...] the one on April 11 caused what scientists termed an \"astonishing\" increase in dangerous quake activity across five continents for at least six days, with temblors triggered, among other places, in Japan, Alaska, Mexico, and off the coast of Oregon.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e2wDq','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e2wDq\\'>Governor Jerry Brown signs bill that bans the use of dogs to hunt bears and bobcats in California - San Jose Mercury News</a>SACRAMENTO -- In what animal welfare activists say is the end of an inhumane, unsporting practice and hunters call legislative meddling in natural resource policy, Gov. Jerry Brown on Wednesday signed a law banning the use of dogs to hunt bears and bobcats. The bill, authored by state Sen.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.mercurynews.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Mercurynews</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e2wDq\">Governor Jerry Brown signs bill that bans the use of dogs to hunt bears and bobcats in California - San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>SACRAMENTO -- In what animal welfare activists say is the end of an inhumane, unsporting practice and hunters call legislative meddling in natural resource policy, Gov. Jerry Brown on Wednesday signed a law banning the use of dogs to hunt bears and bobcats. The bill, authored by state Sen.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e2Aos','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.popsci.com/files/articles/stanford-audi-tt-s-autonomous-vehicle-at-pikes-peak-rear-view.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e2Aos\\'>Invisibility, No Brake Lights, Ads Everywhere: The Future Of Self-Driving Cars</a>Following news that California has legalized self-driving cars, the legendary ex-BMW design chief Chris Bangle shares his thoughts on what\\'s next for auto design. Car designer Chris Bangle has spent years designing forward-thinking vehicles, so now, with self-driving cars just legalized in California, we decided to pick his brain on what\\'s next for the automobile that no longer needs its master.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.popsci.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Popsci</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.popsci.com/files/articles/stanford-audi-tt-s-autonomous-vehicle-at-pikes-peak-rear-view.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Invisibility, No Brake Lights, Ads Everywhere: The Future Of Self-Driving CarsFollowing news that California has legalized self-driving cars, the legendary ex-BMW design chief Chris Bangle shares his thoughts on what's next for auto design. Car designer Chris Bangle has spent years designing forward-thinking vehicles, so now, with self-driving cars just legalized in California, we decided to pick his brain on what's next for the automobile that no longer needs its master.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Popsci\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/e2Ase','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2012/09/momson-300x199.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/e2Ase\\'>Bearing Sons Leaves Male DNA Traces in Mom\\'s Brain | Wired Science | Wired.com</a>Giving a whole new meaning to \\"pregnancy brain,\\" a new study shows that male DNA-likely left over from pregnancy with a male fetus-can persist in a woman\\'s brain throughout her life.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.wired.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Wired</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2012/09/momson-300x199.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/e2Ase\">Bearing Sons Leaves Male DNA Traces in Mom's Brain | Wired Science | Wired.com\u003c/a>Giving a whole new meaning to \"pregnancy brain,\" a new study shows that male DNA-likely left over from pregnancy with a male fetus-can persist in a woman's brain throughout her life.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Wired\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Creative Use of a Cancer Mutation May Improve Nylon Production",
"title": "Creative Use of a Cancer Mutation May Improve Nylon Production",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/26/creative-use-of-a-cancer-mutation-may-improve-nylon-production/nylon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44992\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/nylon-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nylon\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44992\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cancer-caused mutation in a protein provides clues to improving the production of a chemical used to make nylon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Invented in 1935, nylon found its first use replacing silk in stockings. Supplies of nylon dwindled during World War II as the material was funneled towards making rope, parachutes and mosquito netting. Once the war ended, ladies formed long lines – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/threaded/2012/09/stocking-series-part-1-wartime-rationing-and-nylon-riots/\">“nylon riots”\u003c/a> -- at local stores hoping to purchase easy-care nylon stockings once again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now nylon is so common, in things from rope to zippers, that it’s hard to imagine supplies were ever low. It’s easy to make too: Mix two particular liquids and nylon strands form where the liquids touch. The synthesis of nylon is a common chemistry demonstration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxkpctjDTr8]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those liquid precursors to nylon, including something called adipic acid, typically come from petroleum processing. Some chemical companies want to create environmentally friendly sources of these chemicals, starting from sugar instead of fossil fuels. These companies hijack and rework the metabolism of bacteria and yeast so the microbes convert sugar into commodity chemicals. Hopefully the final products will be cheaper than their petroleum-derived counterparts, as well as “greener” in terms of releasing less greenhouse gases during production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One company in California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.verdezyne.com/verdezyne/index.cfm\">Verdezyne\u003c/a>, has a pilot plant challenging engineered yeast to make adipic acid on a small industrial scale. Meanwhile, researchers look for other microbial metabolic pathways that could be altered to create the 6-carbon adipic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Germany cobbled together one \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi1020056\">potential pathway\u003c/a> using proteins from several different bacteria. But this pathway is incomplete: one of the proteins works best using a molecule with five carbon atoms, instead of the six-carbon precursor needed to make adipic acid. Altering the preference of this protein with genetic engineering might make this pathway a viable bio-based route to adipic acid. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists redesign proteins using educated guesses, computer models and time-consuming rounds of evolution. While studying genetic mutations that turn normal cells into cancer, Hai Yan, at Duke University Medical Center, and his colleagues found clues that might help streamline the protein redesign for adipic acid production. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes those genetic mutations in cancer cells alter metabolic proteins like those scientists tweak for chemical production. In 2008 and 2009, Duke researchers identified an altered protein in cancer cells where the mutation created the reaction needed for the adipic acid pathway. But this cancer protein prefers five-carbon compounds, so the researchers couldn’t insert it directly into the catalytic pathway. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they identified a structurally similar protein in yeast that preferred six-carbon compounds and mutated it to resemble the change in the cancer cell protein. The altered yeast protein performed the reaction they wanted using a six-carbon molecule, thus completing the biochemical production pathway. The scientists even applied similar logic to redesigning a protein from bacteria, though this protein was less selective than its yeast relative. (\u003cem>Nature Chemical Biology\u003c/em>, DOI:\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1065\">10.1038/nchembio.1065\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using this redesigned protein to make adipic acid in microbes is still a large challenge, as scientists would have to tinker with the microbe’s metabolism to increase adipic acid production. The big lesson from this work is in the design. Cancer-caused mutations that alter a protein’s function, though extremely rare, might be a useful source of information to guide other protein redesigns, the researchers write. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For me, this story is just reminder that science, like many aspects of life, is a creative process. You never know where you’ll find inspiration to solve a problem.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Chemists want to reengineer metabolic proteins and pathways in microbes so they can convert sugar into commodity chemicals. Now a mutant protein found in cancer cells provides clues to help scientists improve a protein that could help microbes create a precursor to nylon. In science, as in so much of life, inspiration can come from unusual places.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/26/creative-use-of-a-cancer-mutation-may-improve-nylon-production/nylon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44992\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/nylon-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nylon\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44992\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cancer-caused mutation in a protein provides clues to improving the production of a chemical used to make nylon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Invented in 1935, nylon found its first use replacing silk in stockings. Supplies of nylon dwindled during World War II as the material was funneled towards making rope, parachutes and mosquito netting. Once the war ended, ladies formed long lines – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/threaded/2012/09/stocking-series-part-1-wartime-rationing-and-nylon-riots/\">“nylon riots”\u003c/a> -- at local stores hoping to purchase easy-care nylon stockings once again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now nylon is so common, in things from rope to zippers, that it’s hard to imagine supplies were ever low. It’s easy to make too: Mix two particular liquids and nylon strands form where the liquids touch. The synthesis of nylon is a common chemistry demonstration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/KxkpctjDTr8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/KxkpctjDTr8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those liquid precursors to nylon, including something called adipic acid, typically come from petroleum processing. Some chemical companies want to create environmentally friendly sources of these chemicals, starting from sugar instead of fossil fuels. These companies hijack and rework the metabolism of bacteria and yeast so the microbes convert sugar into commodity chemicals. Hopefully the final products will be cheaper than their petroleum-derived counterparts, as well as “greener” in terms of releasing less greenhouse gases during production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One company in California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.verdezyne.com/verdezyne/index.cfm\">Verdezyne\u003c/a>, has a pilot plant challenging engineered yeast to make adipic acid on a small industrial scale. Meanwhile, researchers look for other microbial metabolic pathways that could be altered to create the 6-carbon adipic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Germany cobbled together one \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi1020056\">potential pathway\u003c/a> using proteins from several different bacteria. But this pathway is incomplete: one of the proteins works best using a molecule with five carbon atoms, instead of the six-carbon precursor needed to make adipic acid. Altering the preference of this protein with genetic engineering might make this pathway a viable bio-based route to adipic acid. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists redesign proteins using educated guesses, computer models and time-consuming rounds of evolution. While studying genetic mutations that turn normal cells into cancer, Hai Yan, at Duke University Medical Center, and his colleagues found clues that might help streamline the protein redesign for adipic acid production. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes those genetic mutations in cancer cells alter metabolic proteins like those scientists tweak for chemical production. In 2008 and 2009, Duke researchers identified an altered protein in cancer cells where the mutation created the reaction needed for the adipic acid pathway. But this cancer protein prefers five-carbon compounds, so the researchers couldn’t insert it directly into the catalytic pathway. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they identified a structurally similar protein in yeast that preferred six-carbon compounds and mutated it to resemble the change in the cancer cell protein. The altered yeast protein performed the reaction they wanted using a six-carbon molecule, thus completing the biochemical production pathway. The scientists even applied similar logic to redesigning a protein from bacteria, though this protein was less selective than its yeast relative. (\u003cem>Nature Chemical Biology\u003c/em>, DOI:\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1065\">10.1038/nchembio.1065\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using this redesigned protein to make adipic acid in microbes is still a large challenge, as scientists would have to tinker with the microbe’s metabolism to increase adipic acid production. The big lesson from this work is in the design. Cancer-caused mutations that alter a protein’s function, though extremely rare, might be a useful source of information to guide other protein redesigns, the researchers write. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For me, this story is just reminder that science, like many aspects of life, is a creative process. You never know where you’ll find inspiration to solve a problem.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Black Holes: Objects of Attraction",
"title": "Black Holes: Objects of Attraction",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ever since Princeton physicist John Wheeler coined the term nearly 50 years ago, black holes have evoked a sense of mystery and wonder for astronomers and space enthusiasts. But unlike comets, stars and other beautiful objects in the night sky, black holes can't actually be seen - they trap light, after all. From this infinitely dark void, myths and misconceptions have taken flight, spurred by the sci-fi depictions of black holes as cold cosmic villains with a bottomless appetite for nearby planets, stars and mighty spacecrafts whizzing through the galaxy at warp speed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43212\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Filippenko, a professor of astronomy at UC Berkeley, during his interview at Chabot Space & Science Ctr. Image courtesy of C.K. Hickey / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Watching sci-fi movies is fun in part because as a scientist, I like to try to find out what’s wrong with it. On the other hand, you know, some of what we used to think was sci-fi became reality,\" said Alex Filippenko, a UC Berkeley professor of astronomy who has been studying and hunting black holes for 30 years. He also teaches one of the most popular classes at UC Berkeley, an introduction to astronomy course which attracts thousands of students a year, many of whom are non-science majors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Filippenko helped debunk for me some of the fanciful myths about black holes, including the ability to travel through time by surfing a 'wormhole', a theoretical portal which connects two black holes and leads to another universe. He told me, \"People sometimes think that by jumping into a black hole you can travel backward in time. But that’s not really possible because after you jump into the black hole, you’ll get crushed or vaporized.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43189\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_generic1\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43189\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist's illustration of a black hole. Image courtesy of European Space Agency, NASA and F. Mirabel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though black holes don't behave like the celestial monsters with insatiable appetites they're sometimes caricatured to be, there is still plenty of wonder and unanswered questions about them to satisfy astronomers for years to come. For example, scientists have distinguished between two major classes of black holes - stellar black holes (also known as stellar-mass black holes) and supermassive black holes. The former are roughly six to 30 times the mass of the sun and the latter are a whopping million to billions of times the mass of the sun. So are there \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-mass_black_hole\" title=\"Wikipedia entry on Intermediate-mass black holes\">intermediate-mass black holes\u003c/a>, on the order of hundreds to thousands of times the mass of the sun? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quite possibly, yes. In August, a team from Keio University in Japan announced their discovery of a region of space 30,000 light years away which they suspect might contain young, intermediate-mass black holes. One of these black hole candidates is nearby Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole which lurks at the center of our Milky Way galaxy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as I mentioned in my story on black holes, simply accumulating the observational evidence to infer the existence of a black hole is a daunting and time-consuming process. It took two separate teams of astronomers years to estimate the mass of Sagittarius A* (four million times the mass of the sun) from meticulous calculations of its gravitational effects on orbiting stars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43216\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fiona Harrison, the Principal Investigator on the NuSTAR project, inside mission control at the UC Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory. Image courtesy of Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nustar.caltech.edu/\">NuSTAR\u003c/a>, a NASA telescope about the size of a large fridge which launched in June, can much more nimbly and swiftly detect the presence of black holes by viewing, with its sophisticated optics, the glow of high-energy x-rays emitted from the vicinity of black holes currently hidden behind thickets of cosmic dust and gas. Caltech's Fiona Harrison, the Principal Investigator, explained how the NuSTAR telescope will beam its observational results to the the team of astronomers, physicists and engineers who've toiled diligently to ensure the success of this low-cost, high-impact mission. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Four times a day, NuSTAR will send its data down to a ground station, in Malindi, Kenya...and the data from these surveys comes down to scientists around the world. We take this data and we turn it into images; we look in these images for pinpoints of X-ray light. Each one will be a hallmark of a black hole. NuSTAR will see hundreds and hundreds of black holes,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison and her colleague, William Craig, spent ten years working on NuSTAR, in part because the technology didn't exist at the time to focus high-energy x-rays - the kind used in dental and medical offices - emitted from cosmic sources billions of light years away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, Craig and his team took 4,000 pieces of glass twice the thickness of a human hair and stacked them in a nested array which greatly increased the surface area for reflecting the high-energy x-rays onto NuSTAR's digital detector 33 feet away from its lens. But to even get the pieces of glass to reflect the x-rays was a feat of ingenuity, requiring 17 months of research and the use of nanotechnology to coat the surface of the glass with hundreds of layers of nanoparticles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking for black holes has always been kind of like looking for a needle in a haystack,\" Craig said. \"But looking with these X-rays just like a medical X-ray can look through your skin and see the bone, it’s like looking through the haystack to see the needle. It’s like the haystack’s not there,\" he added. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43298\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_WCraig.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_WCraig-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_WCraig\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43298\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NuSTAR Instrument Manager William Craig. Image courtesy of Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late July, the NuSTAR team announced that the telescope had successfully taken its first images of the black hole Cygnus X-1 and had participated in joint observations with the Keck and the Chandra telescopes of Sagittarius A*. In addition, NuSTAR has also made observations of the \"optically brightest quasar in the sky\", located more than two billion light years away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More observations and excitement are sure to follow on the heels of NuSTAR's observations, from quasars to stars orbiting powerful black holes and the cosmic ashes of supernova explosions which can seed the universe with these space oddities that have perplexed and intrigued the sharpest minds in astronomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"NuStar is gonna find all kinds of black holes in the centers of galaxies that might be otherwise hidden from our perspective by a bunch of other gas...This is gonna revolutionize the study of black holes in our universe,\" said Alex Filippenko. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you'd like to learn more about black holes and test your knowledge about these space oddities, be sure to check out this neat interactive feature produced by former QUEST content intern C.K. Hickey. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/20120816_nustar_ch/20120802_nustar_ch.html] \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Black holes have been the stuff of science fiction since their discovery in the late sixties. But now a new, nimble NASA telescope is using its powerful x-ray vision to hunt for these abundant yet invisible, massive space oddities. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ever since Princeton physicist John Wheeler coined the term nearly 50 years ago, black holes have evoked a sense of mystery and wonder for astronomers and space enthusiasts. But unlike comets, stars and other beautiful objects in the night sky, black holes can't actually be seen - they trap light, after all. From this infinitely dark void, myths and misconceptions have taken flight, spurred by the sci-fi depictions of black holes as cold cosmic villains with a bottomless appetite for nearby planets, stars and mighty spacecrafts whizzing through the galaxy at warp speed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43212\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Filippenko, a professor of astronomy at UC Berkeley, during his interview at Chabot Space & Science Ctr. Image courtesy of C.K. Hickey / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Watching sci-fi movies is fun in part because as a scientist, I like to try to find out what’s wrong with it. On the other hand, you know, some of what we used to think was sci-fi became reality,\" said Alex Filippenko, a UC Berkeley professor of astronomy who has been studying and hunting black holes for 30 years. He also teaches one of the most popular classes at UC Berkeley, an introduction to astronomy course which attracts thousands of students a year, many of whom are non-science majors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Filippenko helped debunk for me some of the fanciful myths about black holes, including the ability to travel through time by surfing a 'wormhole', a theoretical portal which connects two black holes and leads to another universe. He told me, \"People sometimes think that by jumping into a black hole you can travel backward in time. But that’s not really possible because after you jump into the black hole, you’ll get crushed or vaporized.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43189\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_generic1\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43189\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist's illustration of a black hole. Image courtesy of European Space Agency, NASA and F. Mirabel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though black holes don't behave like the celestial monsters with insatiable appetites they're sometimes caricatured to be, there is still plenty of wonder and unanswered questions about them to satisfy astronomers for years to come. For example, scientists have distinguished between two major classes of black holes - stellar black holes (also known as stellar-mass black holes) and supermassive black holes. The former are roughly six to 30 times the mass of the sun and the latter are a whopping million to billions of times the mass of the sun. So are there \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-mass_black_hole\" title=\"Wikipedia entry on Intermediate-mass black holes\">intermediate-mass black holes\u003c/a>, on the order of hundreds to thousands of times the mass of the sun? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quite possibly, yes. In August, a team from Keio University in Japan announced their discovery of a region of space 30,000 light years away which they suspect might contain young, intermediate-mass black holes. One of these black hole candidates is nearby Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole which lurks at the center of our Milky Way galaxy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as I mentioned in my story on black holes, simply accumulating the observational evidence to infer the existence of a black hole is a daunting and time-consuming process. It took two separate teams of astronomers years to estimate the mass of Sagittarius A* (four million times the mass of the sun) from meticulous calculations of its gravitational effects on orbiting stars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43216\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fiona Harrison, the Principal Investigator on the NuSTAR project, inside mission control at the UC Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory. Image courtesy of Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nustar.caltech.edu/\">NuSTAR\u003c/a>, a NASA telescope about the size of a large fridge which launched in June, can much more nimbly and swiftly detect the presence of black holes by viewing, with its sophisticated optics, the glow of high-energy x-rays emitted from the vicinity of black holes currently hidden behind thickets of cosmic dust and gas. Caltech's Fiona Harrison, the Principal Investigator, explained how the NuSTAR telescope will beam its observational results to the the team of astronomers, physicists and engineers who've toiled diligently to ensure the success of this low-cost, high-impact mission. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Four times a day, NuSTAR will send its data down to a ground station, in Malindi, Kenya...and the data from these surveys comes down to scientists around the world. We take this data and we turn it into images; we look in these images for pinpoints of X-ray light. Each one will be a hallmark of a black hole. NuSTAR will see hundreds and hundreds of black holes,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison and her colleague, William Craig, spent ten years working on NuSTAR, in part because the technology didn't exist at the time to focus high-energy x-rays - the kind used in dental and medical offices - emitted from cosmic sources billions of light years away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, Craig and his team took 4,000 pieces of glass twice the thickness of a human hair and stacked them in a nested array which greatly increased the surface area for reflecting the high-energy x-rays onto NuSTAR's digital detector 33 feet away from its lens. But to even get the pieces of glass to reflect the x-rays was a feat of ingenuity, requiring 17 months of research and the use of nanotechnology to coat the surface of the glass with hundreds of layers of nanoparticles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking for black holes has always been kind of like looking for a needle in a haystack,\" Craig said. \"But looking with these X-rays just like a medical X-ray can look through your skin and see the bone, it’s like looking through the haystack to see the needle. It’s like the haystack’s not there,\" he added. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43298\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_WCraig.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_WCraig-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_WCraig\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43298\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NuSTAR Instrument Manager William Craig. Image courtesy of Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late July, the NuSTAR team announced that the telescope had successfully taken its first images of the black hole Cygnus X-1 and had participated in joint observations with the Keck and the Chandra telescopes of Sagittarius A*. In addition, NuSTAR has also made observations of the \"optically brightest quasar in the sky\", located more than two billion light years away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More observations and excitement are sure to follow on the heels of NuSTAR's observations, from quasars to stars orbiting powerful black holes and the cosmic ashes of supernova explosions which can seed the universe with these space oddities that have perplexed and intrigued the sharpest minds in astronomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"NuStar is gonna find all kinds of black holes in the centers of galaxies that might be otherwise hidden from our perspective by a bunch of other gas...This is gonna revolutionize the study of black holes in our universe,\" said Alex Filippenko. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you'd like to learn more about black holes and test your knowledge about these space oddities, be sure to check out this neat interactive feature produced by former QUEST content intern C.K. Hickey. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As a science journalist, I receive multiple press releases every day. Their topics can range from food recalls from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to the launch of a new camera that detects dark energy to new genetic research about how a rare cheetah got its stripes. Some catch my attention and others are easily deleted. Some, I'm afraid, get missed completely. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, this was not the case with an innocent-looking press release sent from the Stanford News Service to our KQED Science News inbox back in early June, 2012. The header was, \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/jasper-ridge-cameras-060112.html\">\"Caught on tape: The nightlife of animals at Stanford's Jasper Ridge preserve\"\u003c/a>. I was intrigued. Ever since I had the chance to track mountain lions in the Santa Cruz mountains with researcher \u003ca href=\"http://people.ucsc.edu/~cwilmers/projects.html\">Chris Wilmers\u003c/a> who employs motion-activated cameras to \"trap\" his elusive prey, I've been interested in this technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44697\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coyote x2\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44697\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2-400x238.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pair of coyotes walk by one of the camera traps at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The solar-powered cameras at Stanford's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve – a 1,200 acre research site located in the Santa Cruz Mountains, 3 miles west of the Stanford campus- automatically record video or photographs when a creature is in the vicinity; night vision means the scientists never miss a moment. The researchers have an opportunity to observe animals going about their usual business, away from the world of human disturbance.The animals seem so comfortable walking around in the shroud of darkness and with the possible exception of the curious deer, so completely unaware that they are being watched by a bunch of scientists. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44752\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Deer eye\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44752\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye-400x234.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A curious deer inspects the motion-activated camera at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The video press release, produced by Steve Fyffe of the Stanford News Service, gives us a sense of the great diversity of wildlife at Jasper Ridge through secret footage of bobcats, deer, mountain lions, hummingbirds, skunks, coyotes, opossum, jackrabbits and several others. It's fun to think about all these wild animals roaming around a few miles away from the Stanford campus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fyffe has also interviewed the researchers who are using the camera traps to learn more about the behavior of the creatures of interest to them. Assistant Professor Tadashi Fukami studies hummingbirds. The cameras have allowed his team to make subtle observations they had missed before. \"By using the cameras we realized that hummingbirds like to go to the unopened flowers,\" Fukami said. \"We used to assume that they waited for the flowers to bloom, but they like to poke into unopened flowers to get fresh nectar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44731\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Hummingbird_2 turn_scale\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44731\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hummingbird feeds on nectar at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Videos and photos are instantaneously uploaded, thanks to a new wireless network infrastructure that covers almost the entire preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasper Ridge Data Manager, Trevor Hebert says the cameras and wireless infrastructure have been invaluable to researchers. \"The video cameras are actually giving us a kind of view of a world that is close by, but that we just don’t see.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44809\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Bobcat\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bobcat triggers a motion-activated camera at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a science journalist, I receive multiple press releases every day. Their topics can range from food recalls from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to the launch of a new camera that detects dark energy to new genetic research about how a rare cheetah got its stripes. Some catch my attention and others are easily deleted. Some, I'm afraid, get missed completely. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, this was not the case with an innocent-looking press release sent from the Stanford News Service to our KQED Science News inbox back in early June, 2012. The header was, \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/jasper-ridge-cameras-060112.html\">\"Caught on tape: The nightlife of animals at Stanford's Jasper Ridge preserve\"\u003c/a>. I was intrigued. Ever since I had the chance to track mountain lions in the Santa Cruz mountains with researcher \u003ca href=\"http://people.ucsc.edu/~cwilmers/projects.html\">Chris Wilmers\u003c/a> who employs motion-activated cameras to \"trap\" his elusive prey, I've been interested in this technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44697\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coyote x2\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44697\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/coyote-x2-400x238.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pair of coyotes walk by one of the camera traps at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The solar-powered cameras at Stanford's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve – a 1,200 acre research site located in the Santa Cruz Mountains, 3 miles west of the Stanford campus- automatically record video or photographs when a creature is in the vicinity; night vision means the scientists never miss a moment. The researchers have an opportunity to observe animals going about their usual business, away from the world of human disturbance.The animals seem so comfortable walking around in the shroud of darkness and with the possible exception of the curious deer, so completely unaware that they are being watched by a bunch of scientists. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44752\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Deer eye\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44752\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Deer-eye-400x234.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A curious deer inspects the motion-activated camera at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The video press release, produced by Steve Fyffe of the Stanford News Service, gives us a sense of the great diversity of wildlife at Jasper Ridge through secret footage of bobcats, deer, mountain lions, hummingbirds, skunks, coyotes, opossum, jackrabbits and several others. It's fun to think about all these wild animals roaming around a few miles away from the Stanford campus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fyffe has also interviewed the researchers who are using the camera traps to learn more about the behavior of the creatures of interest to them. Assistant Professor Tadashi Fukami studies hummingbirds. The cameras have allowed his team to make subtle observations they had missed before. \"By using the cameras we realized that hummingbirds like to go to the unopened flowers,\" Fukami said. \"We used to assume that they waited for the flowers to bloom, but they like to poke into unopened flowers to get fresh nectar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44731\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Hummingbird_2 turn_scale\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44731\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Hummingbird_2-turn_scale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hummingbird feeds on nectar at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Videos and photos are instantaneously uploaded, thanks to a new wireless network infrastructure that covers almost the entire preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasper Ridge Data Manager, Trevor Hebert says the cameras and wireless infrastructure have been invaluable to researchers. \"The video cameras are actually giving us a kind of view of a world that is close by, but that we just don’t see.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44809\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Bobcat\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bobcat-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bobcat triggers a motion-activated camera at Jasper Ridge. Video still courtesy of Stanford News Service. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "West Coast a Test Bed for Ocean Acidification",
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"content": "\u003cp>This week, scientists from around the world are \u003ca href=\"http://www.highco2-iii.org/main.cfm?cid=2259\">meeting\u003c/a> in Monterey to discuss what they call the “other” climate change problem: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F\">oceans are becoming more acidic\u003c/a>. It happens as oceans absorb the carbon dioxide we add to the air through burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say it can be bad news for ocean animals with shells like oysters, mussels and others that are key to the marine food web. How bad? Some scientists are hoping that ocean conditions off the California coast will help them find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oyster Farms Face Impacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to go far to see the impacts that acidification is already having. At \u003ca href=\"http://hogislandoysters.com/\">Hog Island Oyster Company\u003c/a>, just outside Point Reyes, co-owner Terry Sawyer is seeing the effects in his supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oysters grow up in big, mesh bags that sit out in Tomales Bay, but Sawyer gets the oysters when they’re small, “the size of your little fingernail,” he says. He orders them from hatcheries in Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Sawyer started getting calls from those suppliers. They couldn’t fill his orders.\u003cbr>\n“They would have tens of thousands of gallons of tanks that were absolutely full of larvae. They would have the entire system die or crash,” says Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44938\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/oysters.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-44938\" title=\"Oysters\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/oysters.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pile of oysters being sorted at Hog Island Oyster Farm.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hatcheries were \u003ca href=\"http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/12/study-links-raised-carbon-dioxide-levels-to-oyster-die-offs/\">filling their tanks with seawater\u003c/a> that was becoming more acidic. Scientists say the oceans are 30 percent more acidic since the start of the Industrial Revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more acidic the water, the harder it is for animals like oysters to build their shells. Their shells are weaker and they grow more slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer is raising his own oyster larvae now so he’ll have a more predictable supply. But he says there’s no question that climate change is affecting his bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if we’re going to be able to survive the very real trending that is going on out there,\" he says. It’s a trend that could affect the entire food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Acidification on the California Coast\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see here, this is a mussel bed that’s made up of lots of California mussels,” says Eric Sanford, an ecologist with UC Davis’s Bodega Marine Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocky point we’re standing on is covered in tightly packed, purplish mussels – what he calls the “foundation species” of the California coast. “One that really defines the whole ecosystem, sort of the way corals define a coral reef,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mussels are a key part of the food web and so are a lot of animals with shells, says oceanographer Tessa Hill. “Probably most people like the fact that we have things like whales and salmon off along our coast. Those organisms are likely to be impacted because their food source will be impacted,” Hill says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big question is: will animals with shells be able to adapt to a more acidic future – where, in a hundred years, the oceans could be more than twice as acidic?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44940\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/sanford.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-44940\" title=\"SONY DSC\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/sanford.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Sanford at a mussel bed near Bodega Marine Lab.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These California mussels could help answer that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re facing the most acidic water that you’d see in the open ocean today,” says Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Hill explains, acidic water from the deep ocean rises to the surface on the West Coast in the spring and summer, when the wind is blowing. This upwelling makes the waters off California some of the most acidic in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"http://omegas.science.oregonstate.edu/?q=node/3\">OMEGAS\u003c/a>, a new project linking universities up and down the West Coast, researchers are asking: if organisms here have been blasted with more acidic water for generations, have they adapted to handle it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside their lab, Hill and Sanford show me jars full of young mussels, almost too small to see. Each jar is from a different part of the West Coast from Oregon to Santa Barbara. They’re being grown in water that reflects conditions in 2100, says Eric Sanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue we’re looking at is whether there might be genetic differences among different populations along the coast in their ability to cope with ocean acidification,” he says.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFinding Genetic Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found they have lucky genes,” says Steve Palumbi, biology professor at Stanford University who is also working on the OMEGAS project. He studied populations of another shelled animal on the West Coast - sea urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can think of genes like a set of tools, he says. “If you happen to have bad plumbing, you will have more plumbing tools in your house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been lots of plumbing problems on the West Coast, so to speak, in the form of acidic water. “And so all these populations, urchins anyway, have had to get the toolset to deal with it,” says Palumbi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a paper still in review, Palumbi says they found a segment of the urchin population that had around 100 genes that make them better adapted to more acidic water. That makes them more likely to survive and reproduce. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDcDqULXDOE&feature=share&list=UUbf-eynjiFxUKGLFMt8KNoQ\">Check out this microdoc video\u003c/a> for more on their research).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is good news,” he says, “because these organisms have the capacity to deal with more acidification. But it’s not good news forever because all it does is give us a little breathing room. The trouble is right now, the rate at which the ocean is acidifying is way faster than it ever has before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organisms will evolve, he says, but probably not fast enough to keep up. In the meantime, Palumbi and other scientists are mapping where the genetically resilient mussels and urchins are on the West Coast, so policymakers can look at protecting them.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week, scientists from around the world are \u003ca href=\"http://www.highco2-iii.org/main.cfm?cid=2259\">meeting\u003c/a> in Monterey to discuss what they call the “other” climate change problem: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F\">oceans are becoming more acidic\u003c/a>. It happens as oceans absorb the carbon dioxide we add to the air through burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say it can be bad news for ocean animals with shells like oysters, mussels and others that are key to the marine food web. How bad? Some scientists are hoping that ocean conditions off the California coast will help them find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oyster Farms Face Impacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to go far to see the impacts that acidification is already having. At \u003ca href=\"http://hogislandoysters.com/\">Hog Island Oyster Company\u003c/a>, just outside Point Reyes, co-owner Terry Sawyer is seeing the effects in his supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oysters grow up in big, mesh bags that sit out in Tomales Bay, but Sawyer gets the oysters when they’re small, “the size of your little fingernail,” he says. He orders them from hatcheries in Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Sawyer started getting calls from those suppliers. They couldn’t fill his orders.\u003cbr>\n“They would have tens of thousands of gallons of tanks that were absolutely full of larvae. They would have the entire system die or crash,” says Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44938\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/oysters.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-44938\" title=\"Oysters\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/oysters.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pile of oysters being sorted at Hog Island Oyster Farm.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hatcheries were \u003ca href=\"http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/12/study-links-raised-carbon-dioxide-levels-to-oyster-die-offs/\">filling their tanks with seawater\u003c/a> that was becoming more acidic. Scientists say the oceans are 30 percent more acidic since the start of the Industrial Revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more acidic the water, the harder it is for animals like oysters to build their shells. Their shells are weaker and they grow more slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer is raising his own oyster larvae now so he’ll have a more predictable supply. But he says there’s no question that climate change is affecting his bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if we’re going to be able to survive the very real trending that is going on out there,\" he says. It’s a trend that could affect the entire food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Acidification on the California Coast\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see here, this is a mussel bed that’s made up of lots of California mussels,” says Eric Sanford, an ecologist with UC Davis’s Bodega Marine Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocky point we’re standing on is covered in tightly packed, purplish mussels – what he calls the “foundation species” of the California coast. “One that really defines the whole ecosystem, sort of the way corals define a coral reef,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mussels are a key part of the food web and so are a lot of animals with shells, says oceanographer Tessa Hill. “Probably most people like the fact that we have things like whales and salmon off along our coast. Those organisms are likely to be impacted because their food source will be impacted,” Hill says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big question is: will animals with shells be able to adapt to a more acidic future – where, in a hundred years, the oceans could be more than twice as acidic?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44940\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/sanford.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-44940\" title=\"SONY DSC\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/sanford.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Sanford at a mussel bed near Bodega Marine Lab.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These California mussels could help answer that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re facing the most acidic water that you’d see in the open ocean today,” says Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Hill explains, acidic water from the deep ocean rises to the surface on the West Coast in the spring and summer, when the wind is blowing. This upwelling makes the waters off California some of the most acidic in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"http://omegas.science.oregonstate.edu/?q=node/3\">OMEGAS\u003c/a>, a new project linking universities up and down the West Coast, researchers are asking: if organisms here have been blasted with more acidic water for generations, have they adapted to handle it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside their lab, Hill and Sanford show me jars full of young mussels, almost too small to see. Each jar is from a different part of the West Coast from Oregon to Santa Barbara. They’re being grown in water that reflects conditions in 2100, says Eric Sanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue we’re looking at is whether there might be genetic differences among different populations along the coast in their ability to cope with ocean acidification,” he says.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFinding Genetic Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found they have lucky genes,” says Steve Palumbi, biology professor at Stanford University who is also working on the OMEGAS project. He studied populations of another shelled animal on the West Coast - sea urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can think of genes like a set of tools, he says. “If you happen to have bad plumbing, you will have more plumbing tools in your house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been lots of plumbing problems on the West Coast, so to speak, in the form of acidic water. “And so all these populations, urchins anyway, have had to get the toolset to deal with it,” says Palumbi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a paper still in review, Palumbi says they found a segment of the urchin population that had around 100 genes that make them better adapted to more acidic water. That makes them more likely to survive and reproduce. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDcDqULXDOE&feature=share&list=UUbf-eynjiFxUKGLFMt8KNoQ\">Check out this microdoc video\u003c/a> for more on their research).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is good news,” he says, “because these organisms have the capacity to deal with more acidification. But it’s not good news forever because all it does is give us a little breathing room. The trouble is right now, the rate at which the ocean is acidifying is way faster than it ever has before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organisms will evolve, he says, but probably not fast enough to keep up. In the meantime, Palumbi and other scientists are mapping where the genetically resilient mussels and urchins are on the West Coast, so policymakers can look at protecting them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Avian Malaria Marches Northward As Climate Warms – 9/25 KQED Science News Roundup",
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"content": "\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dYFQn','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.baycitizen.org/uploaded/images/2012/9/bird-avian-malaria/original/bird%20avian%20malaria.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dYFQn\\'>Avian malaria marches northward as climate warms</a>Super-hot summers, explosive storms and melting ice caps are the usual images that spring up when discussing climate change. But researchers at San Francisco State University are bringing the conversation to the birds. These scientists have found that as the climate changes and the northern latitudes heat up, avian malaria - a devastating bird disease - is steadily creeping toward the North Pole.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.baycitizen.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Baycitizen</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.baycitizen.org/uploaded/images/2012/9/bird-avian-malaria/original/bird%20avian%20malaria.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dYFQn\">Avian malaria marches northward as climate warms\u003c/a>Super-hot summers, explosive storms and melting ice caps are the usual images that spring up when discussing climate change. But researchers at San Francisco State University are bringing the conversation to the birds. These scientists have found that as the climate changes and the northern latitudes heat up, avian malaria - a devastating bird disease - is steadily creeping toward the North Pole.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baycitizen.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Baycitizen\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dYFVR','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/15/14/65/3460433/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dYFVR\\'>Antarctic marine sanctuary plans falter</a>The United States and New Zealand have spent two years trying to agree on an Alaska-size marine sanctuary where fishing would be banned and scientists could study climate change. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton took a strong interest in the outcome, regularly prodding diplomats, and New Zealand recently sent a delegation to Washington to reach a tentative deal.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/15/14/65/3460433/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dYFVR\">Antarctic marine sanctuary plans falter\u003c/a>The United States and New Zealand have spent two years trying to agree on an Alaska-size marine sanctuary where fishing would be banned and scientists could study climate change. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton took a strong interest in the outcome, regularly prodding diplomats, and New Zealand recently sent a delegation to Washington to reach a tentative deal.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dYG5S','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/15/27/16/3502998/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dYG5S\\'>Einstein\\'s brain is now interactive iPad app</a>While Albert Einstein\\'s genius isn\\'t included, an exclusive iPad application launched Tuesday promises to make detailed images of his brain more accessible to scientists than ever before. A medical museum under development in Chicago obtained funding to scan and digitize nearly 350 fragile and priceless slides made from slices of Einstein\\'s brain after his death in 1955.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/15/27/16/3502998/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Einstein's brain is now interactive iPad appWhile Albert Einstein's genius isn't included, an exclusive iPad application launched Tuesday promises to make detailed images of his brain more accessible to scientists than ever before. A medical museum under development in Chicago obtained funding to scan and digitize nearly 350 fragile and priceless slides made from slices of Einstein's brain after his death in 1955.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dYFQn','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.baycitizen.org/uploaded/images/2012/9/bird-avian-malaria/original/bird%20avian%20malaria.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dYFQn\\'>Avian malaria marches northward as climate warms</a>Super-hot summers, explosive storms and melting ice caps are the usual images that spring up when discussing climate change. But researchers at San Francisco State University are bringing the conversation to the birds. These scientists have found that as the climate changes and the northern latitudes heat up, avian malaria - a devastating bird disease - is steadily creeping toward the North Pole.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.baycitizen.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Baycitizen</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.baycitizen.org/uploaded/images/2012/9/bird-avian-malaria/original/bird%20avian%20malaria.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dYFQn\">Avian malaria marches northward as climate warms\u003c/a>Super-hot summers, explosive storms and melting ice caps are the usual images that spring up when discussing climate change. But researchers at San Francisco State University are bringing the conversation to the birds. These scientists have found that as the climate changes and the northern latitudes heat up, avian malaria - a devastating bird disease - is steadily creeping toward the North Pole.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baycitizen.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Baycitizen\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dYFVR','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/15/14/65/3460433/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dYFVR\\'>Antarctic marine sanctuary plans falter</a>The United States and New Zealand have spent two years trying to agree on an Alaska-size marine sanctuary where fishing would be banned and scientists could study climate change. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton took a strong interest in the outcome, regularly prodding diplomats, and New Zealand recently sent a delegation to Washington to reach a tentative deal.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/15/14/65/3460433/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dYFVR\">Antarctic marine sanctuary plans falter\u003c/a>The United States and New Zealand have spent two years trying to agree on an Alaska-size marine sanctuary where fishing would be banned and scientists could study climate change. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton took a strong interest in the outcome, regularly prodding diplomats, and New Zealand recently sent a delegation to Washington to reach a tentative deal.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dYG5S','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/15/27/16/3502998/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dYG5S\\'>Einstein\\'s brain is now interactive iPad app</a>While Albert Einstein\\'s genius isn\\'t included, an exclusive iPad application launched Tuesday promises to make detailed images of his brain more accessible to scientists than ever before. A medical museum under development in Chicago obtained funding to scan and digitize nearly 350 fragile and priceless slides made from slices of Einstein\\'s brain after his death in 1955.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/15/27/16/3502998/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Einstein's brain is now interactive iPad appWhile Albert Einstein's genius isn't included, an exclusive iPad application launched Tuesday promises to make detailed images of his brain more accessible to scientists than ever before. A medical museum under development in Chicago obtained funding to scan and digitize nearly 350 fragile and priceless slides made from slices of Einstein's brain after his death in 1955.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Science and the Flu: A Little Learning Is A Dangerous Thing",
"title": "Science and the Flu: A Little Learning Is A Dangerous Thing",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/bernt_notke_danse_macabre/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44973\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg\" alt=\"Bernt Notke's Danse Macabre\" title=\"Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44973\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernt Notke's Danse Macabre\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first sniffles of flu season are upon us: a friend of mine was struck down, and couldn't join me in attending a science dialogue on Sunday night. This was darkly humorous, as the topic of the evening was pandemics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Provocatively titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://wonderfest.org/most-effective-bioterrorist/\" title=\"Wonderfest - Bioterrorism\">Is Nature or Man the Most Effective Bioterrorist?\u003c/a>\", the free event was co-hosted by \u003ca href=\"http://wonderfest.org/\" title=\"wonderfest\">Wonderfest\u003c/a> (The Bay Area Beacon of Science) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.askascientistsf.com/\" title=\"Ask A Scientist SF\">Ask A Scientist\u003c/a> (a lecture series for curious humans). The speakers hailed from Stanford: two-time Nobel nominee \u003ca href=\"http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micro/fac/falkow.html\" title=\"Stanford - Falkow\">Stanley Falkow\u003c/a>, professor of microbiology and immunology, and \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/davidrelmanlab/people-2/david-relman\" title=\"David Relman\">David Relman\u003c/a>, professor of medicine and chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Activities/PublicHealth/MicrobialThreats.aspx\" title=\"Forum on Microbial Threats\">Forum on Microbial Threats\u003c/a> (really!).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falkow opened by summarizing the natural history of human-microbe interactions, from chronic \"heritage diseases\" like herpes--with us since hunter-gatherer days--to acute \"crowd diseases\" like measles that cropped up (see what I did there?) when people began to settle in larger populations to farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 391px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/1918fluvictimsstlouis/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44970\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/1918FluVictimsStLouis-391x253.jpg\" alt=\"1918 flu victim and members of the American Red Cross\" title=\"1918FluVictimsStLouis\" width=\"391\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44970\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">1918 flu victim and members of the American Red Cross\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Human history has seen some pretty scary pandemics, from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death\" title=\"Black Death - Wikipedia\">Black Death\u003c/a> in Europe to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox#Human_history\" title=\"Smallpox - Wikipedia\">smallpox in the New World\u003c/a>. But we survived long enough to invent vaccines and antibiotics, and mortality due to infectious disease has plummeted. The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic#Epidemiology\" title=\"2009 flu mortality - Wikipedia\">2009 flu pandemic\u003c/a> was a ghost of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic#Mortality\" title=\"Wikipedia - 1918 flu mortality\">1918\u003c/a>. Does nature even have a chance anymore of winning \"most effective bioterrorist\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might. We live in an ever more crowded, ever more connected world, and pathogens adapt to human behavior--right down to evolving antibiotic resistance. In 2007, says Falkow, \"I thought nature had done a hell of a good job, and it was going to be hard to beat.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he changed his mind when he realized that human genetic engineers can do something nature can't: keep the losers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may not sound so worrisome, until you realize that hypervirulent pathogens are usually losers. If you kill your hosts off too quickly, you don't get a chance to multiply and spread, and you end up knocking yourself out of the gene pool. Some naturally occurring pathogens have actually evolved control genes that keep their infections mild. Curious scientists have knocked out these genes--and created deadly bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44969\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/h1n1_navbox/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44969\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/H1N1_navbox-386x253.jpg\" alt=\"H1N1 viruses\" title=\"H1N1_navbox\" width=\"386\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44969\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aww, look at the cute little flu viruses! (photo by Cybercobra at en.wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was even before all the recent excitement over H5N1, a.k.a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004522/\" title=\"Avian influenza - NIH\">bird flu\u003c/a>. H5N1 is surprisingly virulent in humans, with a 50-60% mortality rate--but you can't catch it from another human. You have to catch it from a bird. A couple of different scientists wondered if this virus could ever be capable of mammal-to-mammal transmission, and a bit of genetic engineering \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7403/full/nature10831.html\" title=\"Nature - H5N1\">provided\u003c/a> an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6088/1534.abstract\" title=\"Science - H5N1\">answer\u003c/a>: yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relman presented their research with a kind of restrained horror. Are there some experiments, he asked, that simply shouldn't be done? If so, how do you keep people from doing them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulation is one choice. But Relman says, \"I think it's a lost cause--and counterproductive. [Regulation] makes it difficult to evolve and adapt to very fast-moving science.\" Falkow suggests that the real solution will come from improved dialogue between scientists and the public. \"I believe science has a contract with society,\" he says. \"It's a question of whether the public agrees their money should be invested and whether it's safe.\" Later, he added, \"I think one of the great failures of science is the inability to communicate with the public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evening's discussion was certainly one step toward turning that failure into success.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The first sniffles of flu season are upon us: a friend of mine was struck down, and couldn't join me in attending a science dialogue on Sunday night. This was darkly humorous, as the topic of the evening was pandemics.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/bernt_notke_danse_macabre/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44973\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg\" alt=\"Bernt Notke's Danse Macabre\" title=\"Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44973\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernt Notke's Danse Macabre\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first sniffles of flu season are upon us: a friend of mine was struck down, and couldn't join me in attending a science dialogue on Sunday night. This was darkly humorous, as the topic of the evening was pandemics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Provocatively titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://wonderfest.org/most-effective-bioterrorist/\" title=\"Wonderfest - Bioterrorism\">Is Nature or Man the Most Effective Bioterrorist?\u003c/a>\", the free event was co-hosted by \u003ca href=\"http://wonderfest.org/\" title=\"wonderfest\">Wonderfest\u003c/a> (The Bay Area Beacon of Science) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.askascientistsf.com/\" title=\"Ask A Scientist SF\">Ask A Scientist\u003c/a> (a lecture series for curious humans). The speakers hailed from Stanford: two-time Nobel nominee \u003ca href=\"http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micro/fac/falkow.html\" title=\"Stanford - Falkow\">Stanley Falkow\u003c/a>, professor of microbiology and immunology, and \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/davidrelmanlab/people-2/david-relman\" title=\"David Relman\">David Relman\u003c/a>, professor of medicine and chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Activities/PublicHealth/MicrobialThreats.aspx\" title=\"Forum on Microbial Threats\">Forum on Microbial Threats\u003c/a> (really!).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falkow opened by summarizing the natural history of human-microbe interactions, from chronic \"heritage diseases\" like herpes--with us since hunter-gatherer days--to acute \"crowd diseases\" like measles that cropped up (see what I did there?) when people began to settle in larger populations to farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 391px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/1918fluvictimsstlouis/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44970\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/1918FluVictimsStLouis-391x253.jpg\" alt=\"1918 flu victim and members of the American Red Cross\" title=\"1918FluVictimsStLouis\" width=\"391\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44970\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">1918 flu victim and members of the American Red Cross\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Human history has seen some pretty scary pandemics, from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death\" title=\"Black Death - Wikipedia\">Black Death\u003c/a> in Europe to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox#Human_history\" title=\"Smallpox - Wikipedia\">smallpox in the New World\u003c/a>. But we survived long enough to invent vaccines and antibiotics, and mortality due to infectious disease has plummeted. The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic#Epidemiology\" title=\"2009 flu mortality - Wikipedia\">2009 flu pandemic\u003c/a> was a ghost of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic#Mortality\" title=\"Wikipedia - 1918 flu mortality\">1918\u003c/a>. Does nature even have a chance anymore of winning \"most effective bioterrorist\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might. We live in an ever more crowded, ever more connected world, and pathogens adapt to human behavior--right down to evolving antibiotic resistance. In 2007, says Falkow, \"I thought nature had done a hell of a good job, and it was going to be hard to beat.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he changed his mind when he realized that human genetic engineers can do something nature can't: keep the losers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may not sound so worrisome, until you realize that hypervirulent pathogens are usually losers. If you kill your hosts off too quickly, you don't get a chance to multiply and spread, and you end up knocking yourself out of the gene pool. Some naturally occurring pathogens have actually evolved control genes that keep their infections mild. Curious scientists have knocked out these genes--and created deadly bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44969\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/h1n1_navbox/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44969\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/H1N1_navbox-386x253.jpg\" alt=\"H1N1 viruses\" title=\"H1N1_navbox\" width=\"386\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44969\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aww, look at the cute little flu viruses! (photo by Cybercobra at en.wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was even before all the recent excitement over H5N1, a.k.a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004522/\" title=\"Avian influenza - NIH\">bird flu\u003c/a>. H5N1 is surprisingly virulent in humans, with a 50-60% mortality rate--but you can't catch it from another human. You have to catch it from a bird. A couple of different scientists wondered if this virus could ever be capable of mammal-to-mammal transmission, and a bit of genetic engineering \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7403/full/nature10831.html\" title=\"Nature - H5N1\">provided\u003c/a> an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6088/1534.abstract\" title=\"Science - H5N1\">answer\u003c/a>: yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relman presented their research with a kind of restrained horror. Are there some experiments, he asked, that simply shouldn't be done? If so, how do you keep people from doing them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulation is one choice. But Relman says, \"I think it's a lost cause--and counterproductive. [Regulation] makes it difficult to evolve and adapt to very fast-moving science.\" Falkow suggests that the real solution will come from improved dialogue between scientists and the public. \"I believe science has a contract with society,\" he says. \"It's a question of whether the public agrees their money should be invested and whether it's safe.\" Later, he added, \"I think one of the great failures of science is the inability to communicate with the public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evening's discussion was certainly one step toward turning that failure into success.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California’s Farm Belt Didn’t Dodge the Summer Heat Wave – 9/24 KQED Science News Roundup",
"title": "California’s Farm Belt Didn’t Dodge the Summer Heat Wave – 9/24 KQED Science News Roundup",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWSpv','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/files/2012/09/IMG_2485.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWSpv\\'>California\\'s Farm Belt Didn\\'t Dodge the Summer Heat Wave</a>California\\'s Farm Belt Didn\\'t Dodge the Summer Heat Wave Abnormally warm summer temperatures were felt across much of interior California By Nicholas Christen and Craig Miller Autumn is here, so says the calendar. Living on the coast, it might be easy to think that California escaped the heat wave suffered by much of the nation this summer.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/files/2012/09/IMG_2485.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dWSpv\">California's Farm Belt Didn't Dodge the Summer Heat Wave\u003c/a>California's Farm Belt Didn't Dodge the Summer Heat Wave Abnormally warm summer temperatures were felt across much of interior California By Nicholas Christen and Craig Miller Autumn is here, so says the calendar. Living on the coast, it might be easy to think that California escaped the heat wave suffered by much of the nation this summer.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWOzx','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2012/0923/20120923__ecct0924hantaprobe~1_VIEWER.JPG\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWOzx\\'>Scientists hunt for cause of hantavirus outbreak at Yosemite - ContraCostaTimes.com</a>Click photo to enlarge Scientists seeking a cause for the deadly hantavirus outbreak among Yosemite visitors over the summer are investigating whether a spike in the deer mouse population, combined with the unusual design of some tent cabins that enabled mice to nest in the insulation, made it easier for people to contract the rare disease.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Contracostatimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dWOzx\">Scientists hunt for cause of hantavirus outbreak at Yosemite - ContraCostaTimes.com\u003c/a>Click photo to enlarge Scientists seeking a cause for the deadly hantavirus outbreak among Yosemite visitors over the summer are investigating whether a spike in the deer mouse population, combined with the unusual design of some tent cabins that enabled mice to nest in the insulation, made it easier for people to contract the rare disease.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Contracostatimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWOXJ ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/15/25/47/3496423/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWOXJ \\'>Advances in breast cancer genetics study</a>In a move that could alter the way that breast cancers are treated, researchers have redefined the disease into four main classes and determined that one type of breast cancer has more in common with an aggressive form of ovarian cancer than other breast cancers.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/15/25/47/3496423/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dWOXJ%20\">Advances in breast cancer genetics study\u003c/a>In a move that could alter the way that breast cancers are treated, researchers have redefined the disease into four main classes and determined that one type of breast cancer has more in common with an aggressive form of ovarian cancer than other breast cancers.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWPdv','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/15/24/40/3491882/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWPdv\\'>Desalination no panacea for Calif. water woes</a>(AP) â In the Central California coastal town of Marina, a $7 million desalination plant that can turn salty ocean waves into fresh drinking water sits idle behind rusty, locked doors, shuttered by water officials because rising energy costs made the plant too expensive. [...]<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/15/24/40/3491882/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Desalination no panacea for Calif. water woes(AP) â In the Central California coastal town of Marina, a $7 million desalination plant that can turn salty ocean waves into fresh drinking water sits idle behind rusty, locked doors, shuttered by water officials because rising energy costs made the plant too expensive. [...]\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWPP4','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWPP4\\'>Trader Joe's Recalls Peanut Butter</a>\\u00a9 2012 . All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. Learn more about our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://hosted.ap.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Ap</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">Trader Joe's Recalls Peanut Butter\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Ap\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWSpv','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/files/2012/09/IMG_2485.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWSpv\\'>California\\'s Farm Belt Didn\\'t Dodge the Summer Heat Wave</a>California\\'s Farm Belt Didn\\'t Dodge the Summer Heat Wave Abnormally warm summer temperatures were felt across much of interior California By Nicholas Christen and Craig Miller Autumn is here, so says the calendar. Living on the coast, it might be easy to think that California escaped the heat wave suffered by much of the nation this summer.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/files/2012/09/IMG_2485.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dWSpv\">California's Farm Belt Didn't Dodge the Summer Heat Wave\u003c/a>California's Farm Belt Didn't Dodge the Summer Heat Wave Abnormally warm summer temperatures were felt across much of interior California By Nicholas Christen and Craig Miller Autumn is here, so says the calendar. Living on the coast, it might be easy to think that California escaped the heat wave suffered by much of the nation this summer.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWOzx','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2012/0923/20120923__ecct0924hantaprobe~1_VIEWER.JPG\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWOzx\\'>Scientists hunt for cause of hantavirus outbreak at Yosemite - ContraCostaTimes.com</a>Click photo to enlarge Scientists seeking a cause for the deadly hantavirus outbreak among Yosemite visitors over the summer are investigating whether a spike in the deer mouse population, combined with the unusual design of some tent cabins that enabled mice to nest in the insulation, made it easier for people to contract the rare disease.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Contracostatimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dWOzx\">Scientists hunt for cause of hantavirus outbreak at Yosemite - ContraCostaTimes.com\u003c/a>Click photo to enlarge Scientists seeking a cause for the deadly hantavirus outbreak among Yosemite visitors over the summer are investigating whether a spike in the deer mouse population, combined with the unusual design of some tent cabins that enabled mice to nest in the insulation, made it easier for people to contract the rare disease.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Contracostatimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWOXJ ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/15/25/47/3496423/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWOXJ \\'>Advances in breast cancer genetics study</a>In a move that could alter the way that breast cancers are treated, researchers have redefined the disease into four main classes and determined that one type of breast cancer has more in common with an aggressive form of ovarian cancer than other breast cancers.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/15/25/47/3496423/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/dWOXJ%20\">Advances in breast cancer genetics study\u003c/a>In a move that could alter the way that breast cancers are treated, researchers have redefined the disease into four main classes and determined that one type of breast cancer has more in common with an aggressive form of ovarian cancer than other breast cancers.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWPdv','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/15/24/40/3491882/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWPdv\\'>Desalination no panacea for Calif. water woes</a>(AP) â In the Central California coastal town of Marina, a $7 million desalination plant that can turn salty ocean waves into fresh drinking water sits idle behind rusty, locked doors, shuttered by water officials because rising energy costs made the plant too expensive. [...]<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/15/24/40/3491882/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Desalination no panacea for Calif. water woes(AP) â In the Central California coastal town of Marina, a $7 million desalination plant that can turn salty ocean waves into fresh drinking water sits idle behind rusty, locked doors, shuttered by water officials because rising energy costs made the plant too expensive. [...]\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/dWPP4','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/dWPP4\\'>Trader Joe's Recalls Peanut Butter</a>\\u00a9 2012 . All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. Learn more about our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://hosted.ap.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Ap</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">Trader Joe's Recalls Peanut Butter\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Ap\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"order": 10
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"meta": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
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"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
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"order": 14
},
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