QUEST Northern CaliforniaQUEST Northern California
KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.
Vaccine Waivers, Informed Consent and Public Health
Information Is Beautiful Competition: San Francisco Design Company Takes Top Prize
Fracking in Urban Oilfields: A New Study Sparks More Debate
Why I Do Science: Stephen Palumbi
Saving Bighorn Sheep, One Mural At a Time
SF Scientist Wins Nobel for Stem Cell Breakthrough
Who is Qualified to Decide Scientific Matters?
News From Mars: A River Ran Through It
Earth Science Week 2012: Careers in the Field
Think Pink? I’d Rather Raise a Stink
Illustrating Science: Translating Knowledge Into Pictures
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46119\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/17/vaccine-waivers-informed-consent-and-public-health/measles-micrograph-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46119\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/measles-micrograph-carousel-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"measles virus virion\" title=\"measles micrograph carousel\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-46119\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This electron micrograph image shows the structure of a single virus particle, or “virion,” of measles virus. Before 1963, about 3 to 4 million people got measles each year and an average of 450 people died, mostly children. After the vaccine became available, the number of measles cases dropped by 98%. (Image: CDC/ Cynthia S. Goldsmith; William Bellini, PhD) \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has made it just a little bit harder for parents to refuse or skip vaccinations for their children. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By signing AB 2109 into law last month, Brown strengthened one of the nation's most permissive school immunization requirements. Under existing law, California parents could choose which vaccinations to reject simply by signing a form saying \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/pubsforms/forms/ctrldforms/pm286b.pdf\">“all or some immunizations are contrary to my beliefs.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, at least, their beliefs will need to be informed by actual science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State laws require children entering private or public school to get immunized to reduce the risk of spreading infectious diseases to their classmates. All states allow medical exemptions for children with allergies, immunodeficiency or other conditions, and most allow exemptions on religious grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of 20 states that allow parents to opt out of laws requiring children to get vaccinated before they enter school simply because they choose not to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Costs of easy exemptions\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn California, personal belief exemption rates rose slowly between 1996 and 2007, from half a percent to 1.5 percent. But between 2008 and 2010, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698009\">study published in the American Journal of Public Health\u003c/a> in August, the number of children with one or more personal belief exemptions increased by 25%. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means more than 11,500 kids showed up in classrooms, playgrounds, and after-school activities without their vaccinations in 2010. Even more troubling, the number of kindergartners who attended schools with more than 20 exempted classmates more than doubled. Exempt children are clustering within the same schools, putting themselves—and their peers—at greater risk of an epidemic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area has among the highest clustering of exemptions in the state, while Santa Cruz County ranks in the top 10 counties for all three measures analyzed: prevalence (proportion of students with exemptions), exposure (the likelihood a child would interact with an exempt classmate) and vulnerability (a measure of the risk of disease outbreak resulting from compromised herd immunity).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46122\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/17/vaccine-waivers-informed-consent-and-public-health/nigeria-cropped/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46122\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/nigeria-cropped-329x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nigeria measles victim\" width=\"329\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-46122\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> This late 1960s photograph shows a Nigerian mother and her child, who was recovering from measles. The child’s skin is peeling as his measles infection heals. Measles victims in poor countries where other diseases are prevalent often require intensive nursing to avoid complications, including subsequent infections. (Image: CDC) \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases, from pertussis to measles, implicates exemptions in the outbreaks. But without data on the incidence of these vaccine-preventable diseases, says public health researcher Alison Buttenheim, “we can’t say for certain that more personal belief exemptions cause higher disease risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Buttenheim, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing who led the study, says there’s one thing she knows for sure. “Parents who choose not to vaccinate are free-riders, relying on herd immunity maintained by those who do vaccinate to protect their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Buttenheim didn’t have the data to study the link, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kdheks.gov/testimony/download/HB2094_Testimony_DCHunt_2012.pdf\">other studies\u003c/a> have found that exemptions tend to cluster geographically, increasing the risk of local disease outbreaks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a recent study in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1209037\">New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/a>, states with looser exemption policies also had more cases of pertussis (or \"whooping cough\"), a bacterial infection that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/outbreaks.html\">killed 10 infants in California\u003c/a> in 2010. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.whoopingcough.net/cough-child-muchwhooping.wav\">Anyone who thinks babies don't suffer from pertussis never heard this cough.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vaccine-preventable diseases are going to start in places where people are refusing,” says Roger Baxter, a physician, infectious disease expert and co-director of the Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center in Oakland. “We have lots of evidence of that around the world. We’ve seen it. We know it will happen.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why some states are requiring parents to think through the risks of leaving their children—and their neighbors’ children—vulnerable to deadly pathogens by refusing some or all pediatric vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/Schools/Immunization/Exemptions.aspx\">Washington\u003c/a> (and just last month \u003ca href=\"http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2012/Acts/ACT157.pdf\">Vermont\u003c/a>) passed laws requiring parents to have a health care professional certify that they received information regarding the risks of immunization, as well as the risks of exposing their family and community to potentially deadly diseases by forgoing immunization. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California's new law, starting January 2014, parents seeking personal belief exemptions must do the same. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, sponsored by state Assemblyman Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a pediatrician and director of the UC Davis Pediatric Residency Program, is little more than an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/legal-topics/patient-physician-relationship-topics/informed-consent.page\">informed consent law\u003c/a>. Anytime you undergo a medical procedure, your doctor is required by law to counsel you on its risks and benefits. The bill requires the same counseling for parents who want to avoid vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In signing the bill, Brown noted that those “whose religious beliefs preclude vaccinations” don’t need a health care practitioner’s signature. Until the new law takes effect, the state’s philosophical and personal belief exemptions cover religious objections, and parents’ signatures are sufficient in either case. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The myth of 100% safety\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut for Baxter, vaccine refusal has veered into religion, with people obsessed with “uber-protection” and vaccine safety. “There’s nothing in this world that’s 100 percent safe,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With vaccines, we expect some reactions like fevers or sore arms. But for serious adverse events, where we might expect 1 in 1,000 for most medications, if we see 1 in 100,000 for vaccines, we think it’s too much. Yet many people are worried about things that happen as rarely as 1 in a million. The benefits of vaccines far outweigh that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a 1 to 2 in a million risk that the measles-controlling MMR vaccine will cause a serious adverse reaction like encephalitis or pneumonia. By contrast, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/overview.html\">1 to 2 of every 1,000 measles cases\u003c/a> ends in death. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as no vaccine is 100% safe, no vaccine is 100% effective. That’s why the concept of \u003ca href=\"http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/herd-immunity-0\">“herd immunity”\u003c/a> is so important. When vaccination rates in a community reach a certain threshold (85% to 95% depending on the contagiousness of the disease), then those who can’t get vaccinated—because they’re too young, on immune-suppressing treatments like chemotherapy, or their immune system didn’t respond to the vaccine—are still protected. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But herd immunity relies on high-compliance with recommended pediatric vaccination schedules. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An the trouble is, you’re not likely to know if your child’s vaccination didn’t offer full protection until he comes home sick after going to school, soccer practice, or a play date with unvaccinated peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opportunistic pathogens\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn February 2010, the SF Department of Public Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbaypeds.com/storage/post-files/SFDPH_Measles%20Health%20Alert.2010.2.22.final.pdf\">issued a health alert\u003c/a> about a measles outbreak. How it started is unclear. But two years earlier, 11 cases of measles in San Diego were traced to a seven-year-old unvaccinated boy who had traveled to Switzerland with his parents and came home with the measles. Within 19 days, he had infected his two siblings, five classmates, and four children—including three infants who were too young to be vaccinated—at his pediatrician’s office. One of the infants had to be hospitalized for severe dehydration, which can be fatal for babies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child who started the epidemic went to a school where 36 of 376 children—nearly 1 in 10—had personal belief exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why some doctors have decided not to see families who shun vaccination. Some regularly treat very sick children and don’t want to risk exposing them to infections that could cause complications and even death. But most doctors that Baxter works with see the informed consent law as an opportunity to explain the risks to parents who didn’t really understand them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/17/vaccine-waivers-informed-consent-and-public-health/rubella-poster-smaller2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46142\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/rubella-poster-smaller2-614x360.jpg\" alt=\"rubella vaccine poster\" title=\"rubella poster\" width=\"614\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-46142\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Typically a mild childhood illness, rubella (also known as “German measles”) can pose a serious threat to the developing fetus if the mother is infected during pregnancy. More than 20,000 babies were born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) during an outbreak in 1964-65, before the US vaccine was licensed in 1969. CRS can cause diverse symptoms ranging from deafness to seizures, encephalitis, and developmental delays. (Image: CDC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before Brown signed the bill, anti-vaccination activists led by ex-SNL cast member Rob Schneider fought against the bill on the grounds of parental rights, child safety, and a \u003ca href=\"http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2012/06/29/makin-copies-of-antivaccine-nonsense-against-california-bill-ab-2019/\">list of myths too numerous\u003c/a> to go into here. Incredibly, Sacramento-based TV News Channel 10 \u003ca href=\"http://www.news10.net/video/1824491466001/1/Rob-Schneider-discusses-his-stance-on-AB-2109-with-News10\">gave Schneider 11 minutes\u003c/a> to spread his misinformation. He was joined by die-hard anti-vaccination activist Dawn Winkler and Tony Amador, a candidate for the Assembly seat held by the author of AB 2109, Richard Pan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists like Winkler and Schneider tell people that vaccines are dangerous and parents should have the right to decide what’s best for their children. What’s really dangerous, though, is giving people like Schneider — who have little grasp of the facts about vaccines, immunology, or public health — a platform to spread their misinformed beliefs. Infectious disease experts know what Schneider can't seem to grasp. Infectious pathogens are remarkably adaptable and will readily exploit any weaknesses in herd immunity to make a roaring comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, a pertussis outbreak at an El Sobrante Waldorf school forced public health officials to close the school temporarily. According to data filed with the California Department of Public Health, 68% of children attending that school have personal belief exemptions on file this year. Only 6% of children there are fully vaccinated. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Waldorf School isn't far behind, with personal belief exemptions for 59% of children, leaving 22% of students without all their vaccinations. At the Greenwood School in Mill Valley, where 79% of students have personal belief exemptions, only 2% of children are fully vaccinated. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s bad enough that people who don’t want to vaccinate are putting they own children at risk, Baxter says. “But they’re also putting their children’s friends at risk, they’re putting little babies who are too young to be vaccinated at risk, they’re putting immune-compromised kids at risk, and they’re putting their classmates at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People shouldn’t lull themselves into complacency thinking that high vaccination rates in general will protect their kids. “If there’s a pertussis outbreak,” Baxter says, “it’s going to start in schools with high personal exemption rates. Same with measles, varicella, any vaccine-preventable disease. They’re going to start in places where people are refusing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents have the right to ask school administrators to disclose the exemption rates at their child’s school. You can also go to the California Department of Public Health’s web site to find each school’s exemption rates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a good thing if parents refused to send their kids to schools with high exemption rates, Baxter says, rather than choosing schools where “parental rights” are viewed as more important than public health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, he adds, it takes a mandate to bring vaccinations up to the levels that can protect people from these diseases. “It’s the only thing that works because people are busy, or lazy—or have weird ideas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, in too many cases, they're getting medical advice from the likes of Rob Schneider instead of a doctor.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Starting in 2014, California will require parents to see a health practitioner to learn the risks and benefits of vaccination before opting out of the state's immunization requirements. Public health officials hope that when parents learn the difference between science-based evidence and the uninformed myths so prevalent online and in the mainstream media, they'll decide to protect their children from the real risks of infectious disease, rather than worry about unfounded theoretical risks. ",
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"headline": "Vaccine Waivers, Informed Consent and Public Health",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46119\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/17/vaccine-waivers-informed-consent-and-public-health/measles-micrograph-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46119\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/measles-micrograph-carousel-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"measles virus virion\" title=\"measles micrograph carousel\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-46119\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This electron micrograph image shows the structure of a single virus particle, or “virion,” of measles virus. Before 1963, about 3 to 4 million people got measles each year and an average of 450 people died, mostly children. After the vaccine became available, the number of measles cases dropped by 98%. (Image: CDC/ Cynthia S. Goldsmith; William Bellini, PhD) \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has made it just a little bit harder for parents to refuse or skip vaccinations for their children. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By signing AB 2109 into law last month, Brown strengthened one of the nation's most permissive school immunization requirements. Under existing law, California parents could choose which vaccinations to reject simply by signing a form saying \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/pubsforms/forms/ctrldforms/pm286b.pdf\">“all or some immunizations are contrary to my beliefs.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, at least, their beliefs will need to be informed by actual science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State laws require children entering private or public school to get immunized to reduce the risk of spreading infectious diseases to their classmates. All states allow medical exemptions for children with allergies, immunodeficiency or other conditions, and most allow exemptions on religious grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of 20 states that allow parents to opt out of laws requiring children to get vaccinated before they enter school simply because they choose not to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Costs of easy exemptions\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn California, personal belief exemption rates rose slowly between 1996 and 2007, from half a percent to 1.5 percent. But between 2008 and 2010, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698009\">study published in the American Journal of Public Health\u003c/a> in August, the number of children with one or more personal belief exemptions increased by 25%. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means more than 11,500 kids showed up in classrooms, playgrounds, and after-school activities without their vaccinations in 2010. Even more troubling, the number of kindergartners who attended schools with more than 20 exempted classmates more than doubled. Exempt children are clustering within the same schools, putting themselves—and their peers—at greater risk of an epidemic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area has among the highest clustering of exemptions in the state, while Santa Cruz County ranks in the top 10 counties for all three measures analyzed: prevalence (proportion of students with exemptions), exposure (the likelihood a child would interact with an exempt classmate) and vulnerability (a measure of the risk of disease outbreak resulting from compromised herd immunity).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46122\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/17/vaccine-waivers-informed-consent-and-public-health/nigeria-cropped/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46122\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/nigeria-cropped-329x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nigeria measles victim\" width=\"329\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-46122\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> This late 1960s photograph shows a Nigerian mother and her child, who was recovering from measles. The child’s skin is peeling as his measles infection heals. Measles victims in poor countries where other diseases are prevalent often require intensive nursing to avoid complications, including subsequent infections. (Image: CDC) \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases, from pertussis to measles, implicates exemptions in the outbreaks. But without data on the incidence of these vaccine-preventable diseases, says public health researcher Alison Buttenheim, “we can’t say for certain that more personal belief exemptions cause higher disease risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Buttenheim, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing who led the study, says there’s one thing she knows for sure. “Parents who choose not to vaccinate are free-riders, relying on herd immunity maintained by those who do vaccinate to protect their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Buttenheim didn’t have the data to study the link, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kdheks.gov/testimony/download/HB2094_Testimony_DCHunt_2012.pdf\">other studies\u003c/a> have found that exemptions tend to cluster geographically, increasing the risk of local disease outbreaks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a recent study in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1209037\">New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/a>, states with looser exemption policies also had more cases of pertussis (or \"whooping cough\"), a bacterial infection that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/outbreaks.html\">killed 10 infants in California\u003c/a> in 2010. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.whoopingcough.net/cough-child-muchwhooping.wav\">Anyone who thinks babies don't suffer from pertussis never heard this cough.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vaccine-preventable diseases are going to start in places where people are refusing,” says Roger Baxter, a physician, infectious disease expert and co-director of the Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center in Oakland. “We have lots of evidence of that around the world. We’ve seen it. We know it will happen.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why some states are requiring parents to think through the risks of leaving their children—and their neighbors’ children—vulnerable to deadly pathogens by refusing some or all pediatric vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/Schools/Immunization/Exemptions.aspx\">Washington\u003c/a> (and just last month \u003ca href=\"http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2012/Acts/ACT157.pdf\">Vermont\u003c/a>) passed laws requiring parents to have a health care professional certify that they received information regarding the risks of immunization, as well as the risks of exposing their family and community to potentially deadly diseases by forgoing immunization. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California's new law, starting January 2014, parents seeking personal belief exemptions must do the same. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, sponsored by state Assemblyman Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a pediatrician and director of the UC Davis Pediatric Residency Program, is little more than an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/legal-topics/patient-physician-relationship-topics/informed-consent.page\">informed consent law\u003c/a>. Anytime you undergo a medical procedure, your doctor is required by law to counsel you on its risks and benefits. The bill requires the same counseling for parents who want to avoid vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In signing the bill, Brown noted that those “whose religious beliefs preclude vaccinations” don’t need a health care practitioner’s signature. Until the new law takes effect, the state’s philosophical and personal belief exemptions cover religious objections, and parents’ signatures are sufficient in either case. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The myth of 100% safety\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut for Baxter, vaccine refusal has veered into religion, with people obsessed with “uber-protection” and vaccine safety. “There’s nothing in this world that’s 100 percent safe,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With vaccines, we expect some reactions like fevers or sore arms. But for serious adverse events, where we might expect 1 in 1,000 for most medications, if we see 1 in 100,000 for vaccines, we think it’s too much. Yet many people are worried about things that happen as rarely as 1 in a million. The benefits of vaccines far outweigh that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a 1 to 2 in a million risk that the measles-controlling MMR vaccine will cause a serious adverse reaction like encephalitis or pneumonia. By contrast, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/overview.html\">1 to 2 of every 1,000 measles cases\u003c/a> ends in death. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as no vaccine is 100% safe, no vaccine is 100% effective. That’s why the concept of \u003ca href=\"http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/herd-immunity-0\">“herd immunity”\u003c/a> is so important. When vaccination rates in a community reach a certain threshold (85% to 95% depending on the contagiousness of the disease), then those who can’t get vaccinated—because they’re too young, on immune-suppressing treatments like chemotherapy, or their immune system didn’t respond to the vaccine—are still protected. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But herd immunity relies on high-compliance with recommended pediatric vaccination schedules. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An the trouble is, you’re not likely to know if your child’s vaccination didn’t offer full protection until he comes home sick after going to school, soccer practice, or a play date with unvaccinated peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opportunistic pathogens\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn February 2010, the SF Department of Public Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbaypeds.com/storage/post-files/SFDPH_Measles%20Health%20Alert.2010.2.22.final.pdf\">issued a health alert\u003c/a> about a measles outbreak. How it started is unclear. But two years earlier, 11 cases of measles in San Diego were traced to a seven-year-old unvaccinated boy who had traveled to Switzerland with his parents and came home with the measles. Within 19 days, he had infected his two siblings, five classmates, and four children—including three infants who were too young to be vaccinated—at his pediatrician’s office. One of the infants had to be hospitalized for severe dehydration, which can be fatal for babies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child who started the epidemic went to a school where 36 of 376 children—nearly 1 in 10—had personal belief exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why some doctors have decided not to see families who shun vaccination. Some regularly treat very sick children and don’t want to risk exposing them to infections that could cause complications and even death. But most doctors that Baxter works with see the informed consent law as an opportunity to explain the risks to parents who didn’t really understand them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/17/vaccine-waivers-informed-consent-and-public-health/rubella-poster-smaller2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46142\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/rubella-poster-smaller2-614x360.jpg\" alt=\"rubella vaccine poster\" title=\"rubella poster\" width=\"614\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-46142\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Typically a mild childhood illness, rubella (also known as “German measles”) can pose a serious threat to the developing fetus if the mother is infected during pregnancy. More than 20,000 babies were born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) during an outbreak in 1964-65, before the US vaccine was licensed in 1969. CRS can cause diverse symptoms ranging from deafness to seizures, encephalitis, and developmental delays. (Image: CDC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before Brown signed the bill, anti-vaccination activists led by ex-SNL cast member Rob Schneider fought against the bill on the grounds of parental rights, child safety, and a \u003ca href=\"http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2012/06/29/makin-copies-of-antivaccine-nonsense-against-california-bill-ab-2019/\">list of myths too numerous\u003c/a> to go into here. Incredibly, Sacramento-based TV News Channel 10 \u003ca href=\"http://www.news10.net/video/1824491466001/1/Rob-Schneider-discusses-his-stance-on-AB-2109-with-News10\">gave Schneider 11 minutes\u003c/a> to spread his misinformation. He was joined by die-hard anti-vaccination activist Dawn Winkler and Tony Amador, a candidate for the Assembly seat held by the author of AB 2109, Richard Pan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists like Winkler and Schneider tell people that vaccines are dangerous and parents should have the right to decide what’s best for their children. What’s really dangerous, though, is giving people like Schneider — who have little grasp of the facts about vaccines, immunology, or public health — a platform to spread their misinformed beliefs. Infectious disease experts know what Schneider can't seem to grasp. Infectious pathogens are remarkably adaptable and will readily exploit any weaknesses in herd immunity to make a roaring comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, a pertussis outbreak at an El Sobrante Waldorf school forced public health officials to close the school temporarily. According to data filed with the California Department of Public Health, 68% of children attending that school have personal belief exemptions on file this year. Only 6% of children there are fully vaccinated. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Waldorf School isn't far behind, with personal belief exemptions for 59% of children, leaving 22% of students without all their vaccinations. At the Greenwood School in Mill Valley, where 79% of students have personal belief exemptions, only 2% of children are fully vaccinated. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s bad enough that people who don’t want to vaccinate are putting they own children at risk, Baxter says. “But they’re also putting their children’s friends at risk, they’re putting little babies who are too young to be vaccinated at risk, they’re putting immune-compromised kids at risk, and they’re putting their classmates at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People shouldn’t lull themselves into complacency thinking that high vaccination rates in general will protect their kids. “If there’s a pertussis outbreak,” Baxter says, “it’s going to start in schools with high personal exemption rates. Same with measles, varicella, any vaccine-preventable disease. They’re going to start in places where people are refusing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents have the right to ask school administrators to disclose the exemption rates at their child’s school. You can also go to the California Department of Public Health’s web site to find each school’s exemption rates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a good thing if parents refused to send their kids to schools with high exemption rates, Baxter says, rather than choosing schools where “parental rights” are viewed as more important than public health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, he adds, it takes a mandate to bring vaccinations up to the levels that can protect people from these diseases. “It’s the only thing that works because people are busy, or lazy—or have weird ideas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, in too many cases, they're getting medical advice from the likes of Rob Schneider instead of a doctor.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Information Is Beautiful Competition: San Francisco Design Company Takes Top Prize ",
"title": "Information Is Beautiful Competition: San Francisco Design Company Takes Top Prize ",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46065\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/16/information-is-beautiful-competition-san-francisco-design-company-takes-top-prize/cnnhomeandaway/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46065\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/cnnhomeandaway.png\" alt=\"CNN Home And Away\" title=\"cnnhomeandaway\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46065\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/cnnhomeandaway.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/cnnhomeandaway-400x225.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CNN Home And Away - by Stamen Design\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/16/information-is-beautiful-competition-san-francisco-design-company-takes-top-prize/information_is_beautiful_awards_categories/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46066\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/information_is_beautiful_awards_categories-202x360.png\" alt=\"information_is_beautiful_awards_categories\" title=\"information_is_beautiful_awards_categories\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-46066\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is a magnet for both artistic spirits and data freaks. So, although the inaugural \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/\" title=\"Information is Beautiful Awards\">\"Information is Beautiful\" competition\u003c/a> drew entries from around the world, perhaps it isn't too surprising that the ultimate prize was snagged by San Francisco design company \u003ca href=\"http://stamen.com/\" title=\"Stamen Design\">Stamen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The competition is the brainchild of David McCandless, author of the Information is Beautiful \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0007294662/thegooddrugsg-21\" title=\"Information is Beautiful - Book\">book\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/\" title=\"lnformation is Beautiful\">blog\u003c/a>. Funded by UK-based market research company \u003ca href=\"http://www.kantar.com/\" title=\"Kantar\">Kantar\u003c/a> and judged by a panel of experts including \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Eno\" title=\"Brian Eno - Wikipedia\">Brian Eno\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.brainpickings.org/\" title=\"Brain Pickings (Maria Popova)\">Maria Popova\u003c/a>, the competition's results were \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/2012/09/information-is-beautiful-awards-winners/\" title=\"Information is Beautiful Awards\">announced\u003c/a> at the end of September. Gold, silver, and bronze awards were given in six categories, along with a handful of special prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stamen's design, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/war.casualties/index.html\" title=\"CNN Home and Away\">CNN Home and Away\u003c/a>, won the gold in Data Journalism as well as the overall Most Beautiful award. The interactive infographic pairs a map of Afghanistan or Iraq with a map of the United States (which can zoom out to the world) to illustrate the beginnings (hometowns) and ends (casualty locations) of US and Coalition soldiers since 2001. You can click on a location for more information and an opportunity to share memories of each veteran. It is beautiful--and heartbreaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46067\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 261px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/16/information-is-beautiful-competition-san-francisco-design-company-takes-top-prize/lunar-calendar-2012-poste-31-may-745x1024/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46067\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Lunar-Calendar-2012-Poste-31-May-745x1024-261x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lunar Calendar\" title=\"Lunar-Calendar-2012-Poste-31-May-745x1024\" width=\"261\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-46067\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lunar Calendar - Dimitre Lima\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A small company with a staff of thirteen, Stamen's tagline is \"big ideas worth pursuing.\" Reminiscent of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/\" title=\"TED talks\">TED's\u003c/a> \"ideas worth spreading,\" it may sound too ambitious for a design company. But data visualization is about more than aesthetics--it's about research, education, and perhaps even morality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Design guru \u003ca href=\"http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/\" title=\"Edward Tufte\">Edward Tufte\u003c/a> has pointed out that poorly-presented data can put lives at risk. As for well-presented data, can it mislead as well as inspire? Two gold Information is Beautiful awards went to entries related to war--perennially fertile ground for propaganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my favorite winner was the visualization of a process older than war, older than mankind, older than life on earth: the cycles of the moon. The bronze award in Data Visualization went to Dimitre Lima's \u003ca href=\"http://dmtr.org/lunarcalendar/\" title=\"Lunar calendar - Dimitre Lima\">Lunar Calendar\u003c/a>, a gorgeous presentation of celestial mechanics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>May future years of Information is Beautiful awards continue to motivate and recognize the artistry--and geekery--behind such creations!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46065\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/16/information-is-beautiful-competition-san-francisco-design-company-takes-top-prize/cnnhomeandaway/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46065\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/cnnhomeandaway.png\" alt=\"CNN Home And Away\" title=\"cnnhomeandaway\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46065\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/cnnhomeandaway.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/cnnhomeandaway-400x225.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CNN Home And Away - by Stamen Design\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/16/information-is-beautiful-competition-san-francisco-design-company-takes-top-prize/information_is_beautiful_awards_categories/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46066\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/information_is_beautiful_awards_categories-202x360.png\" alt=\"information_is_beautiful_awards_categories\" title=\"information_is_beautiful_awards_categories\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-46066\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is a magnet for both artistic spirits and data freaks. So, although the inaugural \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/\" title=\"Information is Beautiful Awards\">\"Information is Beautiful\" competition\u003c/a> drew entries from around the world, perhaps it isn't too surprising that the ultimate prize was snagged by San Francisco design company \u003ca href=\"http://stamen.com/\" title=\"Stamen Design\">Stamen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The competition is the brainchild of David McCandless, author of the Information is Beautiful \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0007294662/thegooddrugsg-21\" title=\"Information is Beautiful - Book\">book\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/\" title=\"lnformation is Beautiful\">blog\u003c/a>. Funded by UK-based market research company \u003ca href=\"http://www.kantar.com/\" title=\"Kantar\">Kantar\u003c/a> and judged by a panel of experts including \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Eno\" title=\"Brian Eno - Wikipedia\">Brian Eno\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.brainpickings.org/\" title=\"Brain Pickings (Maria Popova)\">Maria Popova\u003c/a>, the competition's results were \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/2012/09/information-is-beautiful-awards-winners/\" title=\"Information is Beautiful Awards\">announced\u003c/a> at the end of September. Gold, silver, and bronze awards were given in six categories, along with a handful of special prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stamen's design, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/war.casualties/index.html\" title=\"CNN Home and Away\">CNN Home and Away\u003c/a>, won the gold in Data Journalism as well as the overall Most Beautiful award. The interactive infographic pairs a map of Afghanistan or Iraq with a map of the United States (which can zoom out to the world) to illustrate the beginnings (hometowns) and ends (casualty locations) of US and Coalition soldiers since 2001. You can click on a location for more information and an opportunity to share memories of each veteran. It is beautiful--and heartbreaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46067\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 261px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/16/information-is-beautiful-competition-san-francisco-design-company-takes-top-prize/lunar-calendar-2012-poste-31-may-745x1024/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46067\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Lunar-Calendar-2012-Poste-31-May-745x1024-261x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lunar Calendar\" title=\"Lunar-Calendar-2012-Poste-31-May-745x1024\" width=\"261\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-46067\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lunar Calendar - Dimitre Lima\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A small company with a staff of thirteen, Stamen's tagline is \"big ideas worth pursuing.\" Reminiscent of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/\" title=\"TED talks\">TED's\u003c/a> \"ideas worth spreading,\" it may sound too ambitious for a design company. But data visualization is about more than aesthetics--it's about research, education, and perhaps even morality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Design guru \u003ca href=\"http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/\" title=\"Edward Tufte\">Edward Tufte\u003c/a> has pointed out that poorly-presented data can put lives at risk. As for well-presented data, can it mislead as well as inspire? Two gold Information is Beautiful awards went to entries related to war--perennially fertile ground for propaganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my favorite winner was the visualization of a process older than war, older than mankind, older than life on earth: the cycles of the moon. The bronze award in Data Visualization went to Dimitre Lima's \u003ca href=\"http://dmtr.org/lunarcalendar/\" title=\"Lunar calendar - Dimitre Lima\">Lunar Calendar\u003c/a>, a gorgeous presentation of celestial mechanics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>May future years of Information is Beautiful awards continue to motivate and recognize the artistry--and geekery--behind such creations!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fracking in Urban Oilfields: A New Study Sparks More Debate",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45985\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/11/fracking-in-urban-oilfields/inglewoodfrack/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45985\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/inglewoodfrack-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"inglewoodfrack\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45985\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oilfields can be as clean as any other kind of mining if the operators are careful—and there's the rub. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week a consultant's report basically stated that hydraulic fracturing in one of the country's largest urban oilfields is not harmful. The study will arouse lots of comment by proponents and opponents of \"fracking,\" but both sides will find limited support for their arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oilfield in question is the Inglewood field, which has been drilling and pumping in the Baldwin Hills, in Southern California, for 82 years as the cities of Los Angeles County engulfed the country around it on all sides. Now it's flanked by the 10 and 405 freeways and overlooks Culver City, east of Santa Monica. It makes a good test case for the future, because oil and gas producers will not disappear as cities expand around them. Both parties will need to learn how to cooperate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Baldwin Hills Community Standards District is a set of regulations recently created by Los Angeles County that governs operations in the Inglewood field. Part of a lawsuit settlement obliged the field's current operator, Plains Exploration & Production Company or PXP, to carry out a study of its most advanced fracking technology. The final report from that study was released to the public yesterday and can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.inglewoodoilfield.com/fracturing-study/\">downloaded from inglewoodoilfield.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is a set of oilfield techniques in which rock is gently shattered and grit washed into the resulting microcracks. The grit holds the cracks open allowing oil and gas to be pumped out. For the study, PXP tested two varieties of fracking on each of two vertical wells in the Inglewood field: \"high-volume\" and \"high-rate gravel pack\" techniques. Both are appropriate for the extremely fine grained shale rock that fracking is designed for. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, everyone at PXP was on their best behavior for these tests, going by the book in every respect. As a result, and to no one's surprise, the wells were properly sealed, the petroleum-producing zone (7500 feet below the fresh groundwater of the Los Angeles basin) did not contaminate anything, no earthquakes were triggered, the ground did not shift by a millimeter, the noise and pollution were insignificant, and no public-health impact was detected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is par for the course, and should have been expected. California is a mature petroleum producer, for once not part of the gold rush for shale oil that is stirring up controversy in the Northeast and Midwest. The problem in California is the combination of lax operations and lax oversight, leaving us at the mercy of notorious incidents and high rhetoric. The Inglewood field study does not exonerate the industry (whose response is \"of course they should say it's OK\"), nor should it reduce the vigilance of fracking opponents (whose response to the study is \"of course they would say it's OK\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did find it a bit odd that the peer reviewers of the study were both geologists who were educated in the East and practice in the East. But perhaps that was a smart step, because the eastern states are hotbeds of fracking and public anxiety too. The reviewers would not be strangers to that. And their \"peer reviewer comment letter\" mentions a long process of give-and-take in clarifying the study report that must have benefited from not being overly familiar with the Los Angeles oil patch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Natural Resources Defense Council, which participated in the lawsuit that led to this study, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dnagami/long-awaited_study_of_fracking.html\">issued a measured response on its blog\u003c/a>. Food and Water Watch declared the study \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/pressreleases/fox-guarding-henhouse-not-surprisingly-pxp-study-finds-no-harm-from-fracking-at-inglewood-oil-field/\">an example of shill science at its worst\u003c/a>.\" Uprising Radio \u003ca href=\"http://uprisingradio.org/home/2012/10/10/in-absence-of-regulation-local-and-state-level-fracking-found-to-be-widespread/\">was undeterred\u003c/a> in noting that the state has no regulations for fracking. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/\">This is true, and awkward\u003c/a>, but state rules are in the works that should start to help turn mutual suspicion to watchful coexistence. Perhaps this study will inform those regulations.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45985\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/11/fracking-in-urban-oilfields/inglewoodfrack/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45985\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/inglewoodfrack-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"inglewoodfrack\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45985\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oilfields can be as clean as any other kind of mining if the operators are careful—and there's the rub. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week a consultant's report basically stated that hydraulic fracturing in one of the country's largest urban oilfields is not harmful. The study will arouse lots of comment by proponents and opponents of \"fracking,\" but both sides will find limited support for their arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oilfield in question is the Inglewood field, which has been drilling and pumping in the Baldwin Hills, in Southern California, for 82 years as the cities of Los Angeles County engulfed the country around it on all sides. Now it's flanked by the 10 and 405 freeways and overlooks Culver City, east of Santa Monica. It makes a good test case for the future, because oil and gas producers will not disappear as cities expand around them. Both parties will need to learn how to cooperate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Baldwin Hills Community Standards District is a set of regulations recently created by Los Angeles County that governs operations in the Inglewood field. Part of a lawsuit settlement obliged the field's current operator, Plains Exploration & Production Company or PXP, to carry out a study of its most advanced fracking technology. The final report from that study was released to the public yesterday and can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.inglewoodoilfield.com/fracturing-study/\">downloaded from inglewoodoilfield.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is a set of oilfield techniques in which rock is gently shattered and grit washed into the resulting microcracks. The grit holds the cracks open allowing oil and gas to be pumped out. For the study, PXP tested two varieties of fracking on each of two vertical wells in the Inglewood field: \"high-volume\" and \"high-rate gravel pack\" techniques. Both are appropriate for the extremely fine grained shale rock that fracking is designed for. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, everyone at PXP was on their best behavior for these tests, going by the book in every respect. As a result, and to no one's surprise, the wells were properly sealed, the petroleum-producing zone (7500 feet below the fresh groundwater of the Los Angeles basin) did not contaminate anything, no earthquakes were triggered, the ground did not shift by a millimeter, the noise and pollution were insignificant, and no public-health impact was detected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is par for the course, and should have been expected. California is a mature petroleum producer, for once not part of the gold rush for shale oil that is stirring up controversy in the Northeast and Midwest. The problem in California is the combination of lax operations and lax oversight, leaving us at the mercy of notorious incidents and high rhetoric. The Inglewood field study does not exonerate the industry (whose response is \"of course they should say it's OK\"), nor should it reduce the vigilance of fracking opponents (whose response to the study is \"of course they would say it's OK\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did find it a bit odd that the peer reviewers of the study were both geologists who were educated in the East and practice in the East. But perhaps that was a smart step, because the eastern states are hotbeds of fracking and public anxiety too. The reviewers would not be strangers to that. And their \"peer reviewer comment letter\" mentions a long process of give-and-take in clarifying the study report that must have benefited from not being overly familiar with the Los Angeles oil patch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Natural Resources Defense Council, which participated in the lawsuit that led to this study, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dnagami/long-awaited_study_of_fracking.html\">issued a measured response on its blog\u003c/a>. Food and Water Watch declared the study \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/pressreleases/fox-guarding-henhouse-not-surprisingly-pxp-study-finds-no-harm-from-fracking-at-inglewood-oil-field/\">an example of shill science at its worst\u003c/a>.\" Uprising Radio \u003ca href=\"http://uprisingradio.org/home/2012/10/10/in-absence-of-regulation-local-and-state-level-fracking-found-to-be-widespread/\">was undeterred\u003c/a> in noting that the state has no regulations for fracking. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/12/fracking-in-california-any-cause-for-concern/\">This is true, and awkward\u003c/a>, but state rules are in the works that should start to help turn mutual suspicion to watchful coexistence. Perhaps this study will inform those regulations.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why I Do Science: Stephen Palumbi",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://palumbi.stanford.edu/\" title=\"Palumbi Lab at Stanford University\">Stephen Palumbi\u003c/a>, Director of Stanford University's \u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/index.html\" title=\"Hopkins Marine Station\">Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a>, is one of the world's leading authorities on tropical corals and the pressures they face from climate change - namely, warmer and more acidic oceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45885\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Palumbi-frame_1_360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Palumbi-frame_1_360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Palumbi frame_1_360\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45885\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Palumbi, Director of Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station. Image courtesy Josiah Hooper.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Professor Palumbi has been traveling for years to Ofu, a tiny island in American Samoa, to study how some species of corals are capable of adapting to waters within this patch of the South Pacific, which would otherwise be too warm for them to survive. \"So either the corals hadn’t read the scientific literature and didn't know they should be dead, or they were doing something different than anybody else knew about,\" he said. \"Our work there really was built around the idea of trying to find out from the corals how it was they were living in places that were too hot for them,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His research team's inquiry into the resilient adaptation of these \"super corals\" is more than just academic. As he explained to me, most of the oxygen we breathe come from tiny algae that live in the ocean and that a quarter of all marine species depend on corals for their survival. So the decline of the world's corals portends bad news for the marine ecosystem, from tiny crustaceans to the psychedelic, vividly-hued parrotfishes which eat algae and seaweed among vast reefs of table corals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42435\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/603_Corals_SS_resized_1-31-12DSC_0001.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/603_Corals_SS_resized_1-31-12DSC_0001-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"603_Corals_SS_resized_1-31-12DSC_0001\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-42435\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tiny piece from a tropical coral sample taken by marine biologist Stephen Palumbi during his research in the island of Ofu in America Samoa.Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palumbi's path to and passion for marine biology began at a young age. He grew up in Baltimore and the proximity to the water, as well as the support of his parents, one of whom was a schoolteacher, sparked his lifelong interest in science. \"We'd go down the docks to see the big marlin competitions come back and we’d see those fish, and we’d go to the beach for vacations,\" he said, adding, \"The ocean is full of mysteries...And what I love is uncovering those mysteries and figuring them out and explaining them and revealing them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most scientists, Palumbi is attracted to the process of discovery which lies at the heart of nearly every scientific discipline. These discoveries are often the culmination of dedication, diligence and the perseverance to slog through long days and the painstaking, even tedious, analysis of massive amounts of data. But as Palumbi told me, \"everyone is a scientist...everybody has to get data in their life.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, in an increasingly complex world awash with information bombarding us from a dizzying array of technological gadgets, the scientific method provides a steady compass to make sense of this torrent of data and stimuli every day and arrive at decisions, from the profound to the mundane. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://palumbi.stanford.edu/\" title=\"Palumbi Lab at Stanford University\">Stephen Palumbi\u003c/a>, Director of Stanford University's \u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/index.html\" title=\"Hopkins Marine Station\">Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a>, is one of the world's leading authorities on tropical corals and the pressures they face from climate change - namely, warmer and more acidic oceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45885\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Palumbi-frame_1_360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Palumbi-frame_1_360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Palumbi frame_1_360\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45885\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Palumbi, Director of Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station. Image courtesy Josiah Hooper.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Professor Palumbi has been traveling for years to Ofu, a tiny island in American Samoa, to study how some species of corals are capable of adapting to waters within this patch of the South Pacific, which would otherwise be too warm for them to survive. \"So either the corals hadn’t read the scientific literature and didn't know they should be dead, or they were doing something different than anybody else knew about,\" he said. \"Our work there really was built around the idea of trying to find out from the corals how it was they were living in places that were too hot for them,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His research team's inquiry into the resilient adaptation of these \"super corals\" is more than just academic. As he explained to me, most of the oxygen we breathe come from tiny algae that live in the ocean and that a quarter of all marine species depend on corals for their survival. So the decline of the world's corals portends bad news for the marine ecosystem, from tiny crustaceans to the psychedelic, vividly-hued parrotfishes which eat algae and seaweed among vast reefs of table corals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42435\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/603_Corals_SS_resized_1-31-12DSC_0001.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/603_Corals_SS_resized_1-31-12DSC_0001-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"603_Corals_SS_resized_1-31-12DSC_0001\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-42435\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tiny piece from a tropical coral sample taken by marine biologist Stephen Palumbi during his research in the island of Ofu in America Samoa.Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palumbi's path to and passion for marine biology began at a young age. He grew up in Baltimore and the proximity to the water, as well as the support of his parents, one of whom was a schoolteacher, sparked his lifelong interest in science. \"We'd go down the docks to see the big marlin competitions come back and we’d see those fish, and we’d go to the beach for vacations,\" he said, adding, \"The ocean is full of mysteries...And what I love is uncovering those mysteries and figuring them out and explaining them and revealing them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most scientists, Palumbi is attracted to the process of discovery which lies at the heart of nearly every scientific discipline. These discoveries are often the culmination of dedication, diligence and the perseverance to slog through long days and the painstaking, even tedious, analysis of massive amounts of data. But as Palumbi told me, \"everyone is a scientist...everybody has to get data in their life.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, in an increasingly complex world awash with information bombarding us from a dizzying array of technological gadgets, the scientific method provides a steady compass to make sense of this torrent of data and stimuli every day and arrive at decisions, from the profound to the mundane. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Saving Bighorn Sheep, One Mural At a Time",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/bighorns/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45798\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45798\" title=\"bighorns\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns.jpg\" alt=\"Bighorn skulls at the Bone Room show\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep skulls at the Bone Room Presents - Jane Kim\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep are animals worth seeing. With their bright white rumps and the rams' remarkable headgear, they bound and leap over seemingly impassable alpine terrain. But you may have a tricky time spotting one--there are only about four hundred in existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45799\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/ram_dfg/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45799\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-45799\" title=\"ram_dfg\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/ram_dfg-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dramatic ram\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep ram being dramatic - California DFG\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A variety of factors have conspired to place this subspecies of bighorn on the Endangered Species List, but the most devastating is disease. Any contact with domestic sheep can lead to runaway outbreaks of scabies and pneumonia, infections for which the bighorns have no natural immunity. Their population low was about 125 animals in 1999--so today’s 400 is actually encouraging, if still too few for most hikers catch a glimpse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's one place you will soon be guaranteed to see a bighorn. On Highway 395 in the town of Independence, starting on October 23rd, artist \u003ca title=\"Jane Kim - Ink-Dwell\" href=\"http://ink-dwell.com/#about-ink-dwell\">Jane Kim\u003c/a> will paint the growth stages of a ram on the side of the \u003ca title=\"Mt. Williamson Motel\" href=\"http://www.mtwilliamsonmotel.com/\">Mt. Williamson Motel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/honeycreepers/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45800\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-45800\" title=\"Honeycreepers\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Honeycreepers-280x360.jpg\" alt=\"Honeycreepers by Jane Kim\" width=\"280\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hawaiian Honeycreepers, for the new edition of the Handbook of Bird Biology - Jane Kim\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim's background is in fine art--she holds a BFA from the \u003ca title=\"Rhode Island School of Design\" href=\"http://www.risd.edu/\">Rhode Island School of Design\u003c/a>--but in 2010 she re-invented herself with the \u003ca title=\"Science Illustration Program\" href=\"http://scienceillustration.org/\">Science Illustration Program\u003c/a> at CSUMB. \"I was a little intimidated that I didn't have any background in science at all,\" she confesses. \"But I always, always, \u003cem>always\u003c/em> loved, loved, \u003cem>loved\u003c/em> the natural world.\" This enthusiasm, along with her considerable artistic skill, has helped Kim land numerous commissions, from illustrating a new fish species to contributing to the \u003ca title=\"Cornell Lab - Handbook of Bird Biology\" href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/homestudy/handbook-of-bird-biology\">Handbook of Bird Biology\u003c/a>. These pieces are currently on display at the \u003ca title=\"Bone Room Presents\" href=\"http://www.boneroompresents.com/\">Bone Room Presents\u003c/a> in Berkeley, though the focus of the show is the artist's work on bighorn sheep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim fell in love with Sierra Nevada bighorns during an internship at Yosemite National Park. Shortly afterward, she had the idea of painting them as murals and began to investigate possible sites. \"I got a lot of no's,\" she says. Finally she found an abandoned garage in Independence, and walked into a motel across the street to ask about it. When she explained her project, she says, the motel owner gasped, \"Oh, the mountain sheep, they're so important! You must paint the mural \u003cem>here\u003c/em>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45801\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 223px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/img_2110-144_edited/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45801\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-45801\" title=\"IMG_2110-144_edited\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/IMG_2110-144_edited-223x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sheep butts and artist\" width=\"223\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"One of my favorite features of bighorn sheep are their butts.\" Artist Jane Kim with her piece Leaps and Bounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So Mt. Williamson Motel became the location for the first mural, and Kim put up a \u003ca title=\"Migrating Mural - Kickstarter\" href=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/45369568/the-migrating-mural\">Kickstarter project\u003c/a> to fund it. Amazingly, she raised $20,000 in a matter of days. In the two weeks left before the project's deadline, she hopes to continue raising money for the other three murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painting the side of a building is quite an artistic accomplishment, but that's not enough for Kim. \"Science illustration gives the art another layer of purpose, of meaning,\" she says. The bighorn murals are meant to introduce viewers to this little-known animal and gain a broader base of support for their \u003ca title=\"Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Foundation\" href=\"http://sierrabighorn.org/\">ongoing conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you find yourself in the Sierras, scan the high, open, rocky areas for one of the world's four hundred Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. If you don't see any, you can console yourself by driving by one of the Migrating Murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just \u003ca title=\"Jane Kim - Opening Night\" href=\"http://vimeo.com/51040437\">visit the Bone Room\u003c/a>, where Kim's sheep and other artwork will be on display until October 30th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://player.vimeo.com/video/51040437]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/51040437\">Opening Night!\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/user7994536\">Jane Kim\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep are animals worth seeing. With their bright white rumps and the rams' remarkable headgear, they bound and leap over seemingly impassable alpine terrain. But you may have a tricky time spotting one–there are only about four hundred in existence.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/bighorns/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45798\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45798\" title=\"bighorns\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns.jpg\" alt=\"Bighorn skulls at the Bone Room show\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep skulls at the Bone Room Presents - Jane Kim\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep are animals worth seeing. With their bright white rumps and the rams' remarkable headgear, they bound and leap over seemingly impassable alpine terrain. But you may have a tricky time spotting one--there are only about four hundred in existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45799\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/ram_dfg/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45799\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-45799\" title=\"ram_dfg\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/ram_dfg-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dramatic ram\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep ram being dramatic - California DFG\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A variety of factors have conspired to place this subspecies of bighorn on the Endangered Species List, but the most devastating is disease. Any contact with domestic sheep can lead to runaway outbreaks of scabies and pneumonia, infections for which the bighorns have no natural immunity. Their population low was about 125 animals in 1999--so today’s 400 is actually encouraging, if still too few for most hikers catch a glimpse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's one place you will soon be guaranteed to see a bighorn. On Highway 395 in the town of Independence, starting on October 23rd, artist \u003ca title=\"Jane Kim - Ink-Dwell\" href=\"http://ink-dwell.com/#about-ink-dwell\">Jane Kim\u003c/a> will paint the growth stages of a ram on the side of the \u003ca title=\"Mt. Williamson Motel\" href=\"http://www.mtwilliamsonmotel.com/\">Mt. Williamson Motel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/honeycreepers/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45800\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-45800\" title=\"Honeycreepers\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Honeycreepers-280x360.jpg\" alt=\"Honeycreepers by Jane Kim\" width=\"280\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hawaiian Honeycreepers, for the new edition of the Handbook of Bird Biology - Jane Kim\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim's background is in fine art--she holds a BFA from the \u003ca title=\"Rhode Island School of Design\" href=\"http://www.risd.edu/\">Rhode Island School of Design\u003c/a>--but in 2010 she re-invented herself with the \u003ca title=\"Science Illustration Program\" href=\"http://scienceillustration.org/\">Science Illustration Program\u003c/a> at CSUMB. \"I was a little intimidated that I didn't have any background in science at all,\" she confesses. \"But I always, always, \u003cem>always\u003c/em> loved, loved, \u003cem>loved\u003c/em> the natural world.\" This enthusiasm, along with her considerable artistic skill, has helped Kim land numerous commissions, from illustrating a new fish species to contributing to the \u003ca title=\"Cornell Lab - Handbook of Bird Biology\" href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/homestudy/handbook-of-bird-biology\">Handbook of Bird Biology\u003c/a>. These pieces are currently on display at the \u003ca title=\"Bone Room Presents\" href=\"http://www.boneroompresents.com/\">Bone Room Presents\u003c/a> in Berkeley, though the focus of the show is the artist's work on bighorn sheep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim fell in love with Sierra Nevada bighorns during an internship at Yosemite National Park. Shortly afterward, she had the idea of painting them as murals and began to investigate possible sites. \"I got a lot of no's,\" she says. Finally she found an abandoned garage in Independence, and walked into a motel across the street to ask about it. When she explained her project, she says, the motel owner gasped, \"Oh, the mountain sheep, they're so important! You must paint the mural \u003cem>here\u003c/em>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45801\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 223px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/img_2110-144_edited/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45801\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-45801\" title=\"IMG_2110-144_edited\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/IMG_2110-144_edited-223x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sheep butts and artist\" width=\"223\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"One of my favorite features of bighorn sheep are their butts.\" Artist Jane Kim with her piece Leaps and Bounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So Mt. Williamson Motel became the location for the first mural, and Kim put up a \u003ca title=\"Migrating Mural - Kickstarter\" href=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/45369568/the-migrating-mural\">Kickstarter project\u003c/a> to fund it. Amazingly, she raised $20,000 in a matter of days. In the two weeks left before the project's deadline, she hopes to continue raising money for the other three murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painting the side of a building is quite an artistic accomplishment, but that's not enough for Kim. \"Science illustration gives the art another layer of purpose, of meaning,\" she says. The bighorn murals are meant to introduce viewers to this little-known animal and gain a broader base of support for their \u003ca title=\"Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Foundation\" href=\"http://sierrabighorn.org/\">ongoing conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you find yourself in the Sierras, scan the high, open, rocky areas for one of the world's four hundred Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. If you don't see any, you can console yourself by driving by one of the Migrating Murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just \u003ca title=\"Jane Kim - Opening Night\" href=\"http://vimeo.com/51040437\">visit the Bone Room\u003c/a>, where Kim's sheep and other artwork will be on display until October 30th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/51040437\">Opening Night!\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/user7994536\">Jane Kim\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SF Scientist Wins Nobel for Stem Cell Breakthrough",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinya Yamanaka, a stem cell researcher at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gladstone.ucsf.edu/\">Gladstone Institutes\u003c/a>, which is affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, has won this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with English researcher John B. Gurdon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, who is also an investigator at Kyoto University, in Japan, and a professor of anatomy at UCSF, won the prize for developing a technology to create stem cells that can become any type of cell in the body. His method creates cells that are like embryonic stem cells, without using human embryos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These so-called induced pluripotent stem cells, or IPS cells, could one day lead to cures for a wide range of diseases, from Parkinson’s to heart disease. And they bypass the ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos for research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPS cells are like embryonic stem cells in that they can be coaxed into becoming any type of cell in the body. But unlike embryonic stem cells, which are created from human embryos, IPS cells are developed by introducing a few genes into common adult cells like skin cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that embryonic stem cells and skin cells, although they are very different, have the same blueprint, which consists of approximately 30,000 genes,” Yamanaka told KQED News during an interview at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco in 2010. His method consisted in getting the skin cells to “read” the genes that give embryonic stem cells their qualities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9072\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/Shinya-Yamanaka_9-14-10_JO_BEST_resized1.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, stem cell researcher at the Gladstone Institutes, in San Francisco, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9072\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, stem cell researcher at the Gladstone Institutes, in San Francisco, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In announcing the award today in Stockholm, Sweden, the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine said that “These groundbreaking discoveries have completely changed our view of the development and cellular specialization. We now understand that the mature cell does not have to be confined forever to its specialized state.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka won the award jointly with John B. Gurdon, from the University of Cambridge and the Gurdon Institute, in Cambridge, England. The Nobel Committee recognized Gurdon for his pioneering work in animal cloning. In 1962, Gurdon discovered that “the specialization of cells into different tissues is reversible,” said the Committee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, who was an orthopedic surgeon before becoming a research scientist, became interested in stem cells as a way to potentially help patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, for which there are no treatments today. He decided to look for an alternative to embryonic stem cells in response to the controversy around the use of embryos for research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m hoping is that by using IPS cells, which are free from ethical issues, we can speed everything up,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though \u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/\">funding is available in California \u003c/a>for researchers using embryonic stem cells, federal funds have been subject to the political pendulum. President George W. Bush restricted funding in 2001. On his first day in office in 2009, President Obama overturned Bush’s decision and made federal funding available for the research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Yamanaka was able to create IPS cells from mice adult cells. His big breakthrough came in 2007, when he created the embryonic-like cells from human skin cells. He then took these IPS cells, and using their ability to become any cell in the body, coaxed them into becoming heart cells. Proof of his success arrived in the form of an email from a researcher at his lab in Kyoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in San Francisco. He sent me a video showing beating heart cells,” Yamanaka said. “But those heart cells were not from a heart. They were actually from skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this 2008 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/stem-cells-breakthrough.html\">NOVA ScienceNow video\u003c/a>, Yamanaka explains how he made his breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treatments based on IPS cells would be based on their ability to become stem cells that could regenerate damaged cells in different organs. Yamanaka said that stem cell transplants on animals with spinal injuries have shown promising results in his lab. Clinical trials could be five years away, he said. He is also using IPS cells to test drugs against Lou Gehrig’s disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to bypassing the ethical issues, IPS cells have another advantage over embryonic stem cells. Because they’re created from patients’ own cells, they would be less likely to be rejected by their bodies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Yamanaka’s breakthrough, scientists have taken his cellular reprogramming techniques one step further and are now able to transform one type of adult cell directly into another, bypassing the stem cell stage altogether. Deepak Srivastava and his team at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-new-hope-for-heart-repair/\" title=\"New Hope for Heart Repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have created beating heart muscle cells in mice\u003c/a> from another type of heart cell that normally becomes scar tissue after a heart attack. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka is only the second Japanese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in medicine. In 1987, Susumo Tonegawa, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, received the award. Yamanaka said he plans to use his award money to fund young researchers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, 50, spends a few days each month in San Francisco working at the Gladstone Institutes, where he began his research career in 1993 as a postdoctoral fellow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives in Osaka with his wife, a dermatologist, and two daughters, aged 22 and 20, both of whom are in medical school. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m the least busy person in my house,” he joked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka talks about how he created embryonic-like stem cells from skin cells; when treatments might be available, and why researchers still need to study embryonic stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinya Yamanaka, a stem cell researcher at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gladstone.ucsf.edu/\">Gladstone Institutes\u003c/a>, which is affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, has won this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with English researcher John B. Gurdon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, who is also an investigator at Kyoto University, in Japan, and a professor of anatomy at UCSF, won the prize for developing a technology to create stem cells that can become any type of cell in the body. His method creates cells that are like embryonic stem cells, without using human embryos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These so-called induced pluripotent stem cells, or IPS cells, could one day lead to cures for a wide range of diseases, from Parkinson’s to heart disease. And they bypass the ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos for research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPS cells are like embryonic stem cells in that they can be coaxed into becoming any type of cell in the body. But unlike embryonic stem cells, which are created from human embryos, IPS cells are developed by introducing a few genes into common adult cells like skin cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that embryonic stem cells and skin cells, although they are very different, have the same blueprint, which consists of approximately 30,000 genes,” Yamanaka told KQED News during an interview at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco in 2010. His method consisted in getting the skin cells to “read” the genes that give embryonic stem cells their qualities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9072\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/Shinya-Yamanaka_9-14-10_JO_BEST_resized1.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, stem cell researcher at the Gladstone Institutes, in San Francisco, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9072\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, stem cell researcher at the Gladstone Institutes, in San Francisco, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In announcing the award today in Stockholm, Sweden, the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine said that “These groundbreaking discoveries have completely changed our view of the development and cellular specialization. We now understand that the mature cell does not have to be confined forever to its specialized state.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka won the award jointly with John B. Gurdon, from the University of Cambridge and the Gurdon Institute, in Cambridge, England. The Nobel Committee recognized Gurdon for his pioneering work in animal cloning. In 1962, Gurdon discovered that “the specialization of cells into different tissues is reversible,” said the Committee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, who was an orthopedic surgeon before becoming a research scientist, became interested in stem cells as a way to potentially help patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, for which there are no treatments today. He decided to look for an alternative to embryonic stem cells in response to the controversy around the use of embryos for research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m hoping is that by using IPS cells, which are free from ethical issues, we can speed everything up,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though \u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/\">funding is available in California \u003c/a>for researchers using embryonic stem cells, federal funds have been subject to the political pendulum. President George W. Bush restricted funding in 2001. On his first day in office in 2009, President Obama overturned Bush’s decision and made federal funding available for the research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Yamanaka was able to create IPS cells from mice adult cells. His big breakthrough came in 2007, when he created the embryonic-like cells from human skin cells. He then took these IPS cells, and using their ability to become any cell in the body, coaxed them into becoming heart cells. Proof of his success arrived in the form of an email from a researcher at his lab in Kyoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in San Francisco. He sent me a video showing beating heart cells,” Yamanaka said. “But those heart cells were not from a heart. They were actually from skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this 2008 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/stem-cells-breakthrough.html\">NOVA ScienceNow video\u003c/a>, Yamanaka explains how he made his breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treatments based on IPS cells would be based on their ability to become stem cells that could regenerate damaged cells in different organs. Yamanaka said that stem cell transplants on animals with spinal injuries have shown promising results in his lab. Clinical trials could be five years away, he said. He is also using IPS cells to test drugs against Lou Gehrig’s disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to bypassing the ethical issues, IPS cells have another advantage over embryonic stem cells. Because they’re created from patients’ own cells, they would be less likely to be rejected by their bodies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Yamanaka’s breakthrough, scientists have taken his cellular reprogramming techniques one step further and are now able to transform one type of adult cell directly into another, bypassing the stem cell stage altogether. Deepak Srivastava and his team at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-new-hope-for-heart-repair/\" title=\"New Hope for Heart Repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have created beating heart muscle cells in mice\u003c/a> from another type of heart cell that normally becomes scar tissue after a heart attack. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka is only the second Japanese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in medicine. In 1987, Susumo Tonegawa, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, received the award. Yamanaka said he plans to use his award money to fund young researchers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, 50, spends a few days each month in San Francisco working at the Gladstone Institutes, where he began his research career in 1993 as a postdoctoral fellow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives in Osaka with his wife, a dermatologist, and two daughters, aged 22 and 20, both of whom are in medical school. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m the least busy person in my house,” he joked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka talks about how he created embryonic-like stem cells from skin cells; when treatments might be available, and why researchers still need to study embryonic stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45716\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/08/who-is-qualified-to-decide-scientific-matters/votingbooth/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45716\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45716\" title=\"VotingBooth\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/VotingBooth.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/VotingBooth.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/VotingBooth-400x228.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Do voters know enough to make good decisions about scientific issues?\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters need to decide whether or not GM foods should be labeled as such. They are making this decision even though a recent study shows that 49% of the people surveyed think that GM foods have genes whereas regular foods do not. Is this any way to run a democracy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine that 49% of people thought that the heart and not the brain runs the body. Now imagine that voters get to decide whether a new brain surgery to treat a mental illness is used or not. How would you vote if you thought the heart was where mental illness came from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this is probably too dramatic an example. After all, at least here in the U.S., GM foods aren’t a matter of life and death for anyone. They have pretty much been shown to be safe and they help farmers improve yield, but if they were eliminated, there’d be no immediate problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this may not always be true. And in fact, it isn’t really true in other parts of the world either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 250,000 and 500,000 kids go blind in the world each year because they don’t get enough vitamin A in their diet. I have seen statistics that suggest that half these kids die within a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kids suffer because they eat mostly rice and rice has no vitamin A. So a kind hearted scientist (not an “evil” corporation) set out to create a rice that makes enough vitamin A to maybe help these kids from going blind and so keep them alive. Thus was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/04/26/greenpeace-or-golden-war/\">golden rice\u003c/a> born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately for kids in the developing world, roadblocks have been put up that prevent this crop from being planted. A few determined people have finally managed to push aside these barriers so that golden rice will be planted soon. It is too late for the millions of blind and dead kids, but at least many more might be saved in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/08/who-is-qualified-to-decide-scientific-matters/goldenrice/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45721\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45721\" title=\"GoldenRice\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/GoldenRice.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"182\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Could keep hundreds of thousands of kids from going blind each year.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A GM labeling law might hold back important advances like this. Again, so far we haven’t needed it here but imagine that global warming combined with irrigation creates saltier, drier valleys in California. A plant that has been modified to do well in such conditions may be just what the doctor ordered. Too bad people won’t eat it because of all those genes it has…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like I keep saying, this law probably isn’t a big deal here in the U.S. Our food will cost more without them but we can afford it. What worries me more is some other future initiative based on questionable internet-based science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can imagine an initiative getting on the ballot that makes it easier for parents to opt out of vaccinating their kids. After all, depending on the survey, somewhere between 25% and 50% of parents believe or are unsure if vaccines contribute to autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote that made it easier to opt out might have devastating consequences (sort of like denying golden rice to kids in the developing world). Once too few people are vaccinated, previously dormant diseases may erupt back onto the scene killing thousands. These unfortunate souls would die to keep kids from getting autism from something that doesn’t cause autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am not sure what we can do about this. A better-informed public might help but that is a long-term goal and we have short-term problems that need to be solved now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe something like a consumer protection agency for science might do the trick. It would need to be completely financially independent and the scientists on the board paid well enough that lobbying groups couldn’t bribe them into giving bad information. A tall and probably impossible order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe something equivalent to \u003ca href=\"http://factcheck.org/\">factcheck.org\u003c/a> except it is sciencechecker.com. It would have useful tutorials on how to tell good science from bad, put scientific jargon into terms everyone can understand, and maybe grade science down in key areas based on their quality and/or quantity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or maybe something even more grandiose. A \"science Supreme Court\" that hands down decisions on science based on facts and not ideologies. Of course, given how “successful” the real Supreme Court is at being non-ideological, I’m not sure this has much of a chance of working. And we couldn’t have Congress decide who goes on this court. Remember, Representative Akin (he of the “women’s bodies have ways of preventing pregnancy if they were legitimately raped”) is on the House Science Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m fresh out of ideas. Any of these ideas any good? Any other suggestions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Stories:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/politics/election2012/statepropositions-guide.jsp\">Handy Guide to California's Propositions\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/election2012/2012/10/04/the-food-fight-over-prop-37s-gmo-labeling/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-food-fight-over-prop-37s-gmo-labeling\">Debate Over Prop. 37′s GMO Labeling\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask334\">More about golden rice\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In November, California voters need to decide whether or not GM foods should be labeled as such. They are making this decision even though a recent study shows that 49% of the people surveyed think that GM foods have genes whereas regular foods do not. Is this any way to run a democracy?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45716\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/08/who-is-qualified-to-decide-scientific-matters/votingbooth/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45716\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45716\" title=\"VotingBooth\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/VotingBooth.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/VotingBooth.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/VotingBooth-400x228.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Do voters know enough to make good decisions about scientific issues?\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters need to decide whether or not GM foods should be labeled as such. They are making this decision even though a recent study shows that 49% of the people surveyed think that GM foods have genes whereas regular foods do not. Is this any way to run a democracy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine that 49% of people thought that the heart and not the brain runs the body. Now imagine that voters get to decide whether a new brain surgery to treat a mental illness is used or not. How would you vote if you thought the heart was where mental illness came from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this is probably too dramatic an example. After all, at least here in the U.S., GM foods aren’t a matter of life and death for anyone. They have pretty much been shown to be safe and they help farmers improve yield, but if they were eliminated, there’d be no immediate problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this may not always be true. And in fact, it isn’t really true in other parts of the world either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 250,000 and 500,000 kids go blind in the world each year because they don’t get enough vitamin A in their diet. I have seen statistics that suggest that half these kids die within a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kids suffer because they eat mostly rice and rice has no vitamin A. So a kind hearted scientist (not an “evil” corporation) set out to create a rice that makes enough vitamin A to maybe help these kids from going blind and so keep them alive. Thus was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/04/26/greenpeace-or-golden-war/\">golden rice\u003c/a> born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately for kids in the developing world, roadblocks have been put up that prevent this crop from being planted. A few determined people have finally managed to push aside these barriers so that golden rice will be planted soon. It is too late for the millions of blind and dead kids, but at least many more might be saved in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/08/who-is-qualified-to-decide-scientific-matters/goldenrice/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45721\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45721\" title=\"GoldenRice\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/GoldenRice.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"182\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Could keep hundreds of thousands of kids from going blind each year.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A GM labeling law might hold back important advances like this. Again, so far we haven’t needed it here but imagine that global warming combined with irrigation creates saltier, drier valleys in California. A plant that has been modified to do well in such conditions may be just what the doctor ordered. Too bad people won’t eat it because of all those genes it has…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like I keep saying, this law probably isn’t a big deal here in the U.S. Our food will cost more without them but we can afford it. What worries me more is some other future initiative based on questionable internet-based science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can imagine an initiative getting on the ballot that makes it easier for parents to opt out of vaccinating their kids. After all, depending on the survey, somewhere between 25% and 50% of parents believe or are unsure if vaccines contribute to autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote that made it easier to opt out might have devastating consequences (sort of like denying golden rice to kids in the developing world). Once too few people are vaccinated, previously dormant diseases may erupt back onto the scene killing thousands. These unfortunate souls would die to keep kids from getting autism from something that doesn’t cause autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am not sure what we can do about this. A better-informed public might help but that is a long-term goal and we have short-term problems that need to be solved now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe something like a consumer protection agency for science might do the trick. It would need to be completely financially independent and the scientists on the board paid well enough that lobbying groups couldn’t bribe them into giving bad information. A tall and probably impossible order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe something equivalent to \u003ca href=\"http://factcheck.org/\">factcheck.org\u003c/a> except it is sciencechecker.com. It would have useful tutorials on how to tell good science from bad, put scientific jargon into terms everyone can understand, and maybe grade science down in key areas based on their quality and/or quantity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or maybe something even more grandiose. A \"science Supreme Court\" that hands down decisions on science based on facts and not ideologies. Of course, given how “successful” the real Supreme Court is at being non-ideological, I’m not sure this has much of a chance of working. And we couldn’t have Congress decide who goes on this court. Remember, Representative Akin (he of the “women’s bodies have ways of preventing pregnancy if they were legitimately raped”) is on the House Science Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m fresh out of ideas. Any of these ideas any good? Any other suggestions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Stories:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/politics/election2012/statepropositions-guide.jsp\">Handy Guide to California's Propositions\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/election2012/2012/10/04/the-food-fight-over-prop-37s-gmo-labeling/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-food-fight-over-prop-37s-gmo-labeling\">Debate Over Prop. 37′s GMO Labeling\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask334\">More about golden rice\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it/marsgravel-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45577\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2.jpg\" alt=\"Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\" title=\"Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45577\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The news from Mars just keeps getting better. NASA's Curiosity rover, now exploring the alluvium at the base of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater for over two months, \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1360\" title=\"NASA MSL News Release\" target=\"_blank\">has struck pay dirt\u003c/a>: the gravel and river stone conglomerate laid down by an ancient Martian stream!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing that bit of news was tantalizing, and seeing the photographic evidence a true thrill for someone who loves scratching around in the rocks and sand of the desert, looking for signs and clues of the geologic history of the place. Death Valley is my favorite hunting ground for signs of water--and why, you might ask, would I go looking for water in a desert? To that I would answer, looking for signs of water in a lake or river is just too darned easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pictorial evidence in question is a bed of gravel and rounded stones bound together by finer material that has solidified over time. The conglomerate rock is similar to examples of sediment found on Earth: solid layers a lot like very coarse concrete. The materials were washed down by river or stream action, transported from the locations where they originally eroded, and in the process of tumbling along with the flow the larger stones becoming rounded and smoothed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mars, at the site of Curiosity's find near the bottom of a large alluvial fan (the pile of material deposited by stream action at the bottom end of a downhill flow), the layer of conglomerate material has been broken and upturned for the rover to see and examine—possibly by a meteorite impact in the past. Were it not for whatever had broken and exposed the layer, Curiosity's wheels may have rolled right over it, inches from the great find but unaware of it laying there under topsoil. From the size and appearance of the rocks in the conglomerate—from sand grain to golf ball sized—scientists estimate that the water which deposited the material probably moved along at a speed of three feet per second, and was anywhere from a few inches to two or three feet deep. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall some interesting formations out in the deserts of Northern Arizona, where I lived for a few years, which the Curiosity report from NASA reminded me of. In one particular spot, somewhere east of Flagstaff and maybe west of Winslow, are what I call \"petrified rivers\". Snaking around the flat desert just off the north shoulder of Interstate 40 is a winding network of raised \"roadways\" of rock, rising a foot or two off the ground and meandering about in the pattern of flowing streams. I learned that these features are sedimentary conglomerate rock laid down by streams that flowed there in the past and solidified over time. Then, long after the water stopped flowing as the region dried out, erosion by wind and rainfall gradually wore away the softer surrounding soils, leaving the harder streambed conglomerates intact, exposed for anyone passing on the Interstate to see and wonder about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water-laid conglomerate stone on Mars that Curiosity happened upon is a first. There has previously been plenty of evidence letting us speculate about past liquid water on Mars, from drainage channels viewed from orbit to various minerals found on the ground to ice buried under Mars' surface, but this new find is the first concrete evidence (so to speak) for actual water-transported material. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As always, each new discovery like this makes me ask, \"what's next?\" Really, I may be leaping too far ahead of conservative speculation here, but personally I'm hoping to see fossils….\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it/marsgravel-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45577\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2.jpg\" alt=\"Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\" title=\"Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45577\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The news from Mars just keeps getting better. NASA's Curiosity rover, now exploring the alluvium at the base of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater for over two months, \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1360\" title=\"NASA MSL News Release\" target=\"_blank\">has struck pay dirt\u003c/a>: the gravel and river stone conglomerate laid down by an ancient Martian stream!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing that bit of news was tantalizing, and seeing the photographic evidence a true thrill for someone who loves scratching around in the rocks and sand of the desert, looking for signs and clues of the geologic history of the place. Death Valley is my favorite hunting ground for signs of water--and why, you might ask, would I go looking for water in a desert? To that I would answer, looking for signs of water in a lake or river is just too darned easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pictorial evidence in question is a bed of gravel and rounded stones bound together by finer material that has solidified over time. The conglomerate rock is similar to examples of sediment found on Earth: solid layers a lot like very coarse concrete. The materials were washed down by river or stream action, transported from the locations where they originally eroded, and in the process of tumbling along with the flow the larger stones becoming rounded and smoothed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mars, at the site of Curiosity's find near the bottom of a large alluvial fan (the pile of material deposited by stream action at the bottom end of a downhill flow), the layer of conglomerate material has been broken and upturned for the rover to see and examine—possibly by a meteorite impact in the past. Were it not for whatever had broken and exposed the layer, Curiosity's wheels may have rolled right over it, inches from the great find but unaware of it laying there under topsoil. From the size and appearance of the rocks in the conglomerate—from sand grain to golf ball sized—scientists estimate that the water which deposited the material probably moved along at a speed of three feet per second, and was anywhere from a few inches to two or three feet deep. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall some interesting formations out in the deserts of Northern Arizona, where I lived for a few years, which the Curiosity report from NASA reminded me of. In one particular spot, somewhere east of Flagstaff and maybe west of Winslow, are what I call \"petrified rivers\". Snaking around the flat desert just off the north shoulder of Interstate 40 is a winding network of raised \"roadways\" of rock, rising a foot or two off the ground and meandering about in the pattern of flowing streams. I learned that these features are sedimentary conglomerate rock laid down by streams that flowed there in the past and solidified over time. Then, long after the water stopped flowing as the region dried out, erosion by wind and rainfall gradually wore away the softer surrounding soils, leaving the harder streambed conglomerates intact, exposed for anyone passing on the Interstate to see and wonder about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Earth Science Week 2012: Careers in the Field",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45605\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/04/earth-science-week-2012-carees-in-the-field/esw2012/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45605\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/ESW2012-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ESW2012\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45605\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forest Service geologist Jessica Lopez Pearce leads a tour at Summit Mountain in Kaibab National Forest. Geologists are key in turning on students to the coolness that is geoscience. Photo courtesy U.S. Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Kaibab National Forest under Creative Commons license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earth Science Week has been held every October since 1998 for the rock-lovers among us to celebrate together. Each time it has a different theme, and for 2012 the theme is \"Discovering Careers in the Earth Sciences.\" Geoscience touches everyone's lives, and wherever you look in it there's a career waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Careers are a major focus for the American Geosciences Institute (AGI), the founder of Earth Science Week. I will point you to the AGI's \u003ca href=\"http://www.agiweb.org/workforce/currents.html\">Geoscience Currents page\u003c/a> for data on recent salaries and job categories. But good salaries and job opportunities aren't the things that attract young people to the geosciences, according to a recent AGI survey of students. For the great majority of students it was one of two things: they came to college already knowing that geoscience is cool, or a gifted teacher of Geology 101 showed them that geoscience is cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth Science Week is a way of spreading around that initiation experience to the wider public. Between October 14 and 20, here are some of the things you might consider. First, of course, is to follow the \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/pages/Earth-Science-Week/24519701661\">Earth Science Week Facebook page\u003c/a> for new announcements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go out and play on No Child Left Inside Day, on Tuesday, October 16. The AGI has an \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthsciweek.org/ncli/\">activity guide for teachers\u003c/a> in case you're rusty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/24/earthcaches-learning-through-hide-and-seek/\">EarthCaches\u003c/a> are a special type of geocache that focus on the rocks and processes beneath the landscape. Instead of trading trinkets in a hidden box, you learn a lesson to take away with you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The space agency NASA is hosting three days (Tuesday to Thursday) of online chats with working geoscientists in and near Antarctica. These include two events in Spanish. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/esw2012.html\">Details and schedule here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does NASA care about Earth? Because the space program has paid off tremendously by giving us a platform to view and study Earth from above. NASA's Theresa Schwerin sticks to the jobs theme: \"NASA Earth explorers have careers that span across the sciences and engineering to education and communications, and can take them to the far reaches of the planet.\" The NASA site for Earth Science Week has an illuminating \u003ca href=\"http://climate.nasa.gov/eswSite/eswCareers/\">page on careers\u003c/a> that offers far more possibilities than you might think, including artists, lawyers and—hey, how about that!—writers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Fossil Day is on Wednesday, October 17. You might think of the great dinosaur-centered national parks, and indeed the National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://nature.nps.gov/geology/nationalfossilday/\">has a lot going on\u003c/a> all around the country that day, not just in the parks but on the National Mall in Washington DC. Locally I don't see any events, but a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pinn/naturescience/upload/Paleo_Inventory_Executive_Briefing.pdf\">National Park Service inventory of fossil resources in the Bay Area\u003c/a> may suggest a self-directed quest, something even more informal than an EarthCache, to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/17/fossil-collecting-in-the-bay-area/\">find and photograph our own fossils\u003c/a>. And you can always check the \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/NatlFossilDay\">National Fossil Day Facebook page\u003c/a> for updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday the 19th is \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthsciweek.org/geologicmap/\">Geologic Map Day\u003c/a>. The AGI has a wide-ranging set of resources for this, but to my way of thinking the good old-fashioned paper geologic map is your best entertainment value. No doubt the \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/information/publications/offices/Pages/sf_office.aspx\">Map Sales Room\u003c/a> at the U.S. Geological Survey campus in Menlo Park will have some specials that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate Earth Science Week experience, I think, would be to spend it at the Grand Canyon. All that week, Grand Canyon National Park will be having \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/grca/planyourvisit/earth-sci-week.htm\">special walks, talks and presentations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine building a career—living a life—around those subjects. That's the promise of the geosciences. Find a geoscientist during Earth Science Week to turn you on to this exciting field.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45605\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/04/earth-science-week-2012-carees-in-the-field/esw2012/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45605\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/ESW2012-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ESW2012\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45605\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forest Service geologist Jessica Lopez Pearce leads a tour at Summit Mountain in Kaibab National Forest. Geologists are key in turning on students to the coolness that is geoscience. Photo courtesy U.S. Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Kaibab National Forest under Creative Commons license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earth Science Week has been held every October since 1998 for the rock-lovers among us to celebrate together. Each time it has a different theme, and for 2012 the theme is \"Discovering Careers in the Earth Sciences.\" Geoscience touches everyone's lives, and wherever you look in it there's a career waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Careers are a major focus for the American Geosciences Institute (AGI), the founder of Earth Science Week. I will point you to the AGI's \u003ca href=\"http://www.agiweb.org/workforce/currents.html\">Geoscience Currents page\u003c/a> for data on recent salaries and job categories. But good salaries and job opportunities aren't the things that attract young people to the geosciences, according to a recent AGI survey of students. For the great majority of students it was one of two things: they came to college already knowing that geoscience is cool, or a gifted teacher of Geology 101 showed them that geoscience is cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth Science Week is a way of spreading around that initiation experience to the wider public. Between October 14 and 20, here are some of the things you might consider. First, of course, is to follow the \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/pages/Earth-Science-Week/24519701661\">Earth Science Week Facebook page\u003c/a> for new announcements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go out and play on No Child Left Inside Day, on Tuesday, October 16. The AGI has an \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthsciweek.org/ncli/\">activity guide for teachers\u003c/a> in case you're rusty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/24/earthcaches-learning-through-hide-and-seek/\">EarthCaches\u003c/a> are a special type of geocache that focus on the rocks and processes beneath the landscape. Instead of trading trinkets in a hidden box, you learn a lesson to take away with you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The space agency NASA is hosting three days (Tuesday to Thursday) of online chats with working geoscientists in and near Antarctica. These include two events in Spanish. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/esw2012.html\">Details and schedule here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does NASA care about Earth? Because the space program has paid off tremendously by giving us a platform to view and study Earth from above. NASA's Theresa Schwerin sticks to the jobs theme: \"NASA Earth explorers have careers that span across the sciences and engineering to education and communications, and can take them to the far reaches of the planet.\" The NASA site for Earth Science Week has an illuminating \u003ca href=\"http://climate.nasa.gov/eswSite/eswCareers/\">page on careers\u003c/a> that offers far more possibilities than you might think, including artists, lawyers and—hey, how about that!—writers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Fossil Day is on Wednesday, October 17. You might think of the great dinosaur-centered national parks, and indeed the National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://nature.nps.gov/geology/nationalfossilday/\">has a lot going on\u003c/a> all around the country that day, not just in the parks but on the National Mall in Washington DC. Locally I don't see any events, but a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pinn/naturescience/upload/Paleo_Inventory_Executive_Briefing.pdf\">National Park Service inventory of fossil resources in the Bay Area\u003c/a> may suggest a self-directed quest, something even more informal than an EarthCache, to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/17/fossil-collecting-in-the-bay-area/\">find and photograph our own fossils\u003c/a>. And you can always check the \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/NatlFossilDay\">National Fossil Day Facebook page\u003c/a> for updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday the 19th is \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthsciweek.org/geologicmap/\">Geologic Map Day\u003c/a>. The AGI has a wide-ranging set of resources for this, but to my way of thinking the good old-fashioned paper geologic map is your best entertainment value. No doubt the \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/information/publications/offices/Pages/sf_office.aspx\">Map Sales Room\u003c/a> at the U.S. Geological Survey campus in Menlo Park will have some specials that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate Earth Science Week experience, I think, would be to spend it at the Grand Canyon. All that week, Grand Canyon National Park will be having \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/grca/planyourvisit/earth-sci-week.htm\">special walks, talks and presentations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine building a career—living a life—around those subjects. That's the promise of the geosciences. Find a geoscientist during Earth Science Week to turn you on to this exciting field.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Think Pink? I’d Rather Raise a Stink",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45412\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/03/think-pink-i%e2%80%99d-rather-raise-a-stink/breast_cancer_awareness_263497131/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45412\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Breast_Cancer_Awareness_263497131-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"breast cancer awareness ribbon\" title=\"Breast_Cancer_Awareness ribbon\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45412\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant pink ribbon on the corner of 5th and Market, downtown Louisville, KY. (Jason Meredith)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just a generation ago, October belonged to the colors of fall, when “every green thing loves to die in bright colors,” as Henry Ward Beecher said. (Growing up back East, you read a lot of odes to fall foliage in school.) For years after moving to the Bay Area from Pennsylvania, I felt a twinge of melancholy when October rolled around, knowing the once-demure woodlands would let loose in a fleeting blaze of brash reds and orange-tinged yellows without me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, of course, October belongs to all things pink, as high-profile outfits from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfl.com/pink\">the NFL\u003c/a> to Ace Hardware set aside 31 days to raise awareness and money for \u003ca href=\"http://makingstrides.acsevents.org/site/PageServer?pagename=MSABC_FY13_National_Corporate_Supporters\">Breast Cancer Awareness Month\u003c/a>. (National Breast Cancer \u003ca href=\"http://www.panerabread.com/pinkribbonbagel/\">\u003c/a>Awareness Month was launched in 1985 by CancerCare, a nonprofit cancer support group, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/199909/cancer.asp\">cancer-drug maker AstraZeneca.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as women’s health advocate Dr. Susan Love says, awareness of the disease isn’t the issue. “When the NFL is wearing pink gloves, I think you can say we’re aware,” \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/video/army-women-breast-cancer-14658777\">she said last year.\u003c/a> “But the awareness isn’t enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even raising money isn’t enough. You have to ask \u003ca href=\"http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/breast-cancer-business-scams\">where that money is going.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a message that gets lost in an ocean of pink-ribbon products (from bagels and teddy bears to vodka and wine glasses), even though critics like the San Francisco-based nonprofit Breast Cancer Action have warned about “pinkwashing” for years, urging people to look behind the feel-good messages to see who’s really benefiting from the commercialization of cancer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast Cancer Action’s Think Before You Pink—Raise a Stink! campaign encourages consumers to think critically about pink products and \u003ca href=\"http://thinkbeforeyoupink.org/?page_id=13\">ask four simple questions\u003c/a> to find out what proportion of proceeds go to breast cancer programs and whether the products sold are safe. The group has especially targeted cosmetics companies for marketing pink merchandise even as they sell products with toxic ingredients. (For more information, download the \u003ca href=\"http://bcaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/2012-Think-Before-You-Pink-Toolkit.pdf\">group’s 30-page “toolkit”\u003c/a>.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also urges companies to be more transparent and has long called out those it believes use a good cause to increase their bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Eureka, which donated a dollar for every vacuum cleaner sold in its “Clean for the Cure” campaign. Or American Express, which donated a penny per transaction in its “Charge for the Cure.” Both companies bowed out of the pink sweepstakes after Breast Cancer Action asked just how breast cancer patients were benefiting from the campaigns in a \u003ca href=\"http://thinkbeforeyoupink.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/NYTimesAd_cleaning4.pdf\">2002 ad in the New York Times. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45488\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/03/think-pink-i%e2%80%99d-rather-raise-a-stink/bca5/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45488\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/BCA5-450x193.jpg\" alt=\"Breast Cancer Action ad \" title=\"BCA breast cancer action new york times ad\" width=\"450\" height=\"193\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-45488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In October 2000, the San Francisco-based advocacy group Breast Cancer Action ran a full page ad in the New York Times West Coast Edition with text (not shown) inviting readers to participate in its ”Stop Cancer Where It Starts” Campaign. The campaign criticized breast cancer awareness campaigns for pushing early detection and mammograms (without acknowledging their limitations) while ignoring prevention. (Image: Courtesy Breast Cancer Action)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others, like KFC with its 2010 “Buckets for the Cure” campaign, climb on the pink bandwagon to peddle decidedly unhealthy products. \u003ca href=\"http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/308102/april-29-2010/tip-wag---scientists---kfc\">Stephen Colbert’s take\u003c/a> on the “pink bucket dilemma” shows just how ludicrous cause marketing has become. (Forward to 1:13.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even when money goes to breast cancer programs and not corporate coffers, is it going to the right place? Love (and several advocacy groups) has said for years that we need to shift our focus from cures to causes—and prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we can develop a vaccine for cervical cancer, says Love, why not for breast cancer? Early results of a clinical trial show promising results for a \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/vaccine-targeting-her2-breast-cancer-shows-early-promise/story?id=16362507#.UGZz0o5iYRw\">vaccine designed to prevent recurrence\u003c/a> of one form of breast cancer. (The data were \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancernetwork.com/conference-reports/asco2012/breast-cancer/content/article/10165/2081997\">presented at a meeting\u003c/a> and have not yet gone through peer review.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/16/making-women-partners-in-breast-cancer-research/\">I wrote in May\u003c/a>, Love’s Research Foundation is looking for volunteers in her online Army of Women to identify potential causes in order to eradicate the disease. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.armyofwomen.org/getinvolved\">Anyone can sign up.\u003c/a>) \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45450\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 411px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/03/think-pink-i%e2%80%99d-rather-raise-a-stink/art-rage-us-cropped/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45450\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/art.rage_.us_.cropped.jpg\" alt=\"art.rage.us art and breast cancer\" title=\"art.rage.us. \" width=\"411\" height=\"475\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/art.rage_.us_.cropped.jpg 411w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/art.rage_.us_.cropped-400x462.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the late 1990s, The Breast Cancer Fund, the American Cancer Society, and the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation invited American artists and writers to submit work about their breast cancer experiences. The resulting exhibit (and book)—Art.Rage.Us.—opened in 1998 at San Francisco’s Main Library. At the time, project coordinator and Breast Cancer Action Co-founder Susan Claymon said, “Art.Rage.Us. presents deeply moving and beautiful expressions from women with breast cancer, along with intensely personal statements that provide a window into their hearts and minds.” Claymon died of breast cancer in 2000. She was 61.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prevention is also a primary concern for the Athena Breast Health Network, a partnership of the five University of California medical centers that collects personalized data on breast cancer patients to optimize treatment and ultimately figure out how to stop cancer before it starts. The site also includes a comprehensive \u003ca href=\"http://athenacarenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Quick_Links-Risk-Assessment-Talking-Points.pdf\">list of breast cancer risk factors.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research suggests that the biology behind one of the listed risk factors, dense breast tissue, may be more complicated than previously thought. Earlier studies found that women with dense breasts had a higher risk of developing breast cancer. (And this finding led to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.patientpov.org/breast-cancer/are-dense-breast-right-to-know-laws-helpful\">“right to know” legislation\u003c/a> that Gov. Brown recently signed, requiring doctors to tell women if their mammograms show they have dense breasts.) But a recent study in the \u003ca href=\"http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/104/16/NP.7.full\">Journal of the National Cancer Institute\u003c/a> suggests that women with denser breasts are not more likely to die of breast cancer. The greatest risk was found for women who had the fattiest breast tissue, a condition linked to obesity. This suggests that if you have dense breast tissue, you may be more likely to get cancer—but not die of it. \u003ca href=\"http://blog.dslrf.org/?p=589\">Love’s blog\u003c/a> explained the significance of the findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The recent study on breast density showed us, yet again, that women who are obese when they are diagnosed with breast cancer are more likely to die of breast cancer than women who are not obese. Doctors need to do more than tell women about their breast density or remind them to get a mammogram. They need to be teaching women the importance of exercising, losing weight (if necessary) and eating a well-balanced diet—both before and after a breast cancer diagnosis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45405\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/03/think-pink-i%e2%80%99d-rather-raise-a-stink/rubens_peter_paul_-_the_three_graces_detail/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45405\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Rubens_Peter_Paul_-_The_Three_Graces_detail.jpeg\" alt=\"breast cancer in Rubens\" title=\"Rubens,_Peter_Paul_-_The_Three_Graces_detail\" width=\"398\" height=\"419\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2001 paper in the journal Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, argues that several paintings by the Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens, including The Three Graces, Diana and Her Nymphs Pursued by Satyrs, and Orpheus and Euridice, show signs of breast cancer. In The Three Graces (above), the authors argue, “the model on the right has an open ulcer with reddening of the skin, nipple retraction, reduction of breast volume as well as axilar lymph nodes. This is a visual aspect of a locally advanced breast cancer.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As companies outdo each other trying to hitch their products to breast cancer, it’s worth remembering that more women die of heart disease than breast cancer. (And more women die of lung cancer than of breast cancer.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also worth remembering when you see all those pink ribbons that there’s a difference between being a “survivor” and being cured. If you’re alive five years after a diagnosis, you’re considered a survivor. It’s a useful time frame for clinicians to compare the effectiveness of different therapies. But that doesn’t mean you’re cured. And as \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=192788\">a 2000 JAMA study points out\u003c/a>, when five-year-survival rates increase, it might be because more cases are being diagnosed, not because treatments are saving more lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast cancer death rates in the United States have declined over the past 20 years, though African American women still face a greater risk of death than any other group. It’s still the most common cancer among women. It’s still \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/women.htm\">one of the leading causes of cancer death\u003c/a> among women. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/educational/hearttruth/about/fear-doubled.htm\">it’s still the disease women fear most.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to 40,000 women are expected to die of breast cancer this year, about 3,000 fewer than died in 1991—the year my mom got her diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wore a little pink ribbon pin for a while. But after about five years, she grew weary of the pink propaganda. And though she’d never say so, she also grew weary of the seemingly endless rounds of tests, procedures, surgeries, and chemo. I know she grew tired of the pain. Ten years ago—a little more than five years after she was officially a “survivor”—she died of breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, when October rolls around, I feel no wistful melancholy for spectacles missed. I’ve got a much deeper loss to consider. And it makes me angry. I’m sick of the pink ribbons and the suggestion that bright colors can bathe cancer in a cheery, comforting glow. There’s nothing cheery about breast cancer. There’s a lot of pain, suffering, and fear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pink stands for taking real action against breast cancer, I might start to see October in a whole new light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>****\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resources/Further Reading\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://athenacarenetwork.org/\">Athena Breast Health Network\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bcaction.org/\">Breast Cancer Action.\u003c/a> Its latest campaign (“It’s an Epidemic, Stupid!”) \u003ca href=\"http://bcaction.org/the-2012-breast-cancer-action-mandate-for-government-action/\">calls on elected officials\u003c/a> to develop a series of actions against breast cancer, including developing tougher regulations on potential carcinogens and supporting research into root causes as well as less toxic therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.caring.com/articles/cancer-symptoms-in-women\">Breast Cancer Symptoms You’re Most Likely to Ignore\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.barbaraehrenreich.com/cancerland.htm\">Welcome to Cancerland,\u003c/a> author and journalist Barbara Ehrenreich’s devastating account of her experience with breast cancer and the breast cancer “marketplace.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=J2xY2cxto1M\">Pink Ribbons, Inc.\u003c/a> a feature documentary on breast cancer marketing campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45412\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/03/think-pink-i%e2%80%99d-rather-raise-a-stink/breast_cancer_awareness_263497131/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45412\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Breast_Cancer_Awareness_263497131-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"breast cancer awareness ribbon\" title=\"Breast_Cancer_Awareness ribbon\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45412\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant pink ribbon on the corner of 5th and Market, downtown Louisville, KY. (Jason Meredith)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just a generation ago, October belonged to the colors of fall, when “every green thing loves to die in bright colors,” as Henry Ward Beecher said. (Growing up back East, you read a lot of odes to fall foliage in school.) For years after moving to the Bay Area from Pennsylvania, I felt a twinge of melancholy when October rolled around, knowing the once-demure woodlands would let loose in a fleeting blaze of brash reds and orange-tinged yellows without me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, of course, October belongs to all things pink, as high-profile outfits from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfl.com/pink\">the NFL\u003c/a> to Ace Hardware set aside 31 days to raise awareness and money for \u003ca href=\"http://makingstrides.acsevents.org/site/PageServer?pagename=MSABC_FY13_National_Corporate_Supporters\">Breast Cancer Awareness Month\u003c/a>. (National Breast Cancer \u003ca href=\"http://www.panerabread.com/pinkribbonbagel/\">\u003c/a>Awareness Month was launched in 1985 by CancerCare, a nonprofit cancer support group, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/199909/cancer.asp\">cancer-drug maker AstraZeneca.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as women’s health advocate Dr. Susan Love says, awareness of the disease isn’t the issue. “When the NFL is wearing pink gloves, I think you can say we’re aware,” \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/video/army-women-breast-cancer-14658777\">she said last year.\u003c/a> “But the awareness isn’t enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even raising money isn’t enough. You have to ask \u003ca href=\"http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/breast-cancer-business-scams\">where that money is going.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a message that gets lost in an ocean of pink-ribbon products (from bagels and teddy bears to vodka and wine glasses), even though critics like the San Francisco-based nonprofit Breast Cancer Action have warned about “pinkwashing” for years, urging people to look behind the feel-good messages to see who’s really benefiting from the commercialization of cancer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast Cancer Action’s Think Before You Pink—Raise a Stink! campaign encourages consumers to think critically about pink products and \u003ca href=\"http://thinkbeforeyoupink.org/?page_id=13\">ask four simple questions\u003c/a> to find out what proportion of proceeds go to breast cancer programs and whether the products sold are safe. The group has especially targeted cosmetics companies for marketing pink merchandise even as they sell products with toxic ingredients. (For more information, download the \u003ca href=\"http://bcaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/2012-Think-Before-You-Pink-Toolkit.pdf\">group’s 30-page “toolkit”\u003c/a>.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also urges companies to be more transparent and has long called out those it believes use a good cause to increase their bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Eureka, which donated a dollar for every vacuum cleaner sold in its “Clean for the Cure” campaign. Or American Express, which donated a penny per transaction in its “Charge for the Cure.” Both companies bowed out of the pink sweepstakes after Breast Cancer Action asked just how breast cancer patients were benefiting from the campaigns in a \u003ca href=\"http://thinkbeforeyoupink.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/NYTimesAd_cleaning4.pdf\">2002 ad in the New York Times. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45488\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/03/think-pink-i%e2%80%99d-rather-raise-a-stink/bca5/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45488\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/BCA5-450x193.jpg\" alt=\"Breast Cancer Action ad \" title=\"BCA breast cancer action new york times ad\" width=\"450\" height=\"193\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-45488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In October 2000, the San Francisco-based advocacy group Breast Cancer Action ran a full page ad in the New York Times West Coast Edition with text (not shown) inviting readers to participate in its ”Stop Cancer Where It Starts” Campaign. The campaign criticized breast cancer awareness campaigns for pushing early detection and mammograms (without acknowledging their limitations) while ignoring prevention. (Image: Courtesy Breast Cancer Action)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others, like KFC with its 2010 “Buckets for the Cure” campaign, climb on the pink bandwagon to peddle decidedly unhealthy products. \u003ca href=\"http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/308102/april-29-2010/tip-wag---scientists---kfc\">Stephen Colbert’s take\u003c/a> on the “pink bucket dilemma” shows just how ludicrous cause marketing has become. (Forward to 1:13.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even when money goes to breast cancer programs and not corporate coffers, is it going to the right place? Love (and several advocacy groups) has said for years that we need to shift our focus from cures to causes—and prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we can develop a vaccine for cervical cancer, says Love, why not for breast cancer? Early results of a clinical trial show promising results for a \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/vaccine-targeting-her2-breast-cancer-shows-early-promise/story?id=16362507#.UGZz0o5iYRw\">vaccine designed to prevent recurrence\u003c/a> of one form of breast cancer. (The data were \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancernetwork.com/conference-reports/asco2012/breast-cancer/content/article/10165/2081997\">presented at a meeting\u003c/a> and have not yet gone through peer review.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/16/making-women-partners-in-breast-cancer-research/\">I wrote in May\u003c/a>, Love’s Research Foundation is looking for volunteers in her online Army of Women to identify potential causes in order to eradicate the disease. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.armyofwomen.org/getinvolved\">Anyone can sign up.\u003c/a>) \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45450\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 411px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/03/think-pink-i%e2%80%99d-rather-raise-a-stink/art-rage-us-cropped/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45450\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/art.rage_.us_.cropped.jpg\" alt=\"art.rage.us art and breast cancer\" title=\"art.rage.us. \" width=\"411\" height=\"475\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/art.rage_.us_.cropped.jpg 411w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/art.rage_.us_.cropped-400x462.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the late 1990s, The Breast Cancer Fund, the American Cancer Society, and the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation invited American artists and writers to submit work about their breast cancer experiences. The resulting exhibit (and book)—Art.Rage.Us.—opened in 1998 at San Francisco’s Main Library. At the time, project coordinator and Breast Cancer Action Co-founder Susan Claymon said, “Art.Rage.Us. presents deeply moving and beautiful expressions from women with breast cancer, along with intensely personal statements that provide a window into their hearts and minds.” Claymon died of breast cancer in 2000. She was 61.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prevention is also a primary concern for the Athena Breast Health Network, a partnership of the five University of California medical centers that collects personalized data on breast cancer patients to optimize treatment and ultimately figure out how to stop cancer before it starts. The site also includes a comprehensive \u003ca href=\"http://athenacarenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Quick_Links-Risk-Assessment-Talking-Points.pdf\">list of breast cancer risk factors.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research suggests that the biology behind one of the listed risk factors, dense breast tissue, may be more complicated than previously thought. Earlier studies found that women with dense breasts had a higher risk of developing breast cancer. (And this finding led to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.patientpov.org/breast-cancer/are-dense-breast-right-to-know-laws-helpful\">“right to know” legislation\u003c/a> that Gov. Brown recently signed, requiring doctors to tell women if their mammograms show they have dense breasts.) But a recent study in the \u003ca href=\"http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/104/16/NP.7.full\">Journal of the National Cancer Institute\u003c/a> suggests that women with denser breasts are not more likely to die of breast cancer. The greatest risk was found for women who had the fattiest breast tissue, a condition linked to obesity. This suggests that if you have dense breast tissue, you may be more likely to get cancer—but not die of it. \u003ca href=\"http://blog.dslrf.org/?p=589\">Love’s blog\u003c/a> explained the significance of the findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The recent study on breast density showed us, yet again, that women who are obese when they are diagnosed with breast cancer are more likely to die of breast cancer than women who are not obese. Doctors need to do more than tell women about their breast density or remind them to get a mammogram. They need to be teaching women the importance of exercising, losing weight (if necessary) and eating a well-balanced diet—both before and after a breast cancer diagnosis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45405\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/03/think-pink-i%e2%80%99d-rather-raise-a-stink/rubens_peter_paul_-_the_three_graces_detail/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45405\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Rubens_Peter_Paul_-_The_Three_Graces_detail.jpeg\" alt=\"breast cancer in Rubens\" title=\"Rubens,_Peter_Paul_-_The_Three_Graces_detail\" width=\"398\" height=\"419\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2001 paper in the journal Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, argues that several paintings by the Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens, including The Three Graces, Diana and Her Nymphs Pursued by Satyrs, and Orpheus and Euridice, show signs of breast cancer. In The Three Graces (above), the authors argue, “the model on the right has an open ulcer with reddening of the skin, nipple retraction, reduction of breast volume as well as axilar lymph nodes. This is a visual aspect of a locally advanced breast cancer.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As companies outdo each other trying to hitch their products to breast cancer, it’s worth remembering that more women die of heart disease than breast cancer. (And more women die of lung cancer than of breast cancer.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also worth remembering when you see all those pink ribbons that there’s a difference between being a “survivor” and being cured. If you’re alive five years after a diagnosis, you’re considered a survivor. It’s a useful time frame for clinicians to compare the effectiveness of different therapies. But that doesn’t mean you’re cured. And as \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=192788\">a 2000 JAMA study points out\u003c/a>, when five-year-survival rates increase, it might be because more cases are being diagnosed, not because treatments are saving more lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast cancer death rates in the United States have declined over the past 20 years, though African American women still face a greater risk of death than any other group. It’s still the most common cancer among women. It’s still \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/women.htm\">one of the leading causes of cancer death\u003c/a> among women. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/educational/hearttruth/about/fear-doubled.htm\">it’s still the disease women fear most.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to 40,000 women are expected to die of breast cancer this year, about 3,000 fewer than died in 1991—the year my mom got her diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wore a little pink ribbon pin for a while. But after about five years, she grew weary of the pink propaganda. And though she’d never say so, she also grew weary of the seemingly endless rounds of tests, procedures, surgeries, and chemo. I know she grew tired of the pain. Ten years ago—a little more than five years after she was officially a “survivor”—she died of breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, when October rolls around, I feel no wistful melancholy for spectacles missed. I’ve got a much deeper loss to consider. And it makes me angry. I’m sick of the pink ribbons and the suggestion that bright colors can bathe cancer in a cheery, comforting glow. There’s nothing cheery about breast cancer. There’s a lot of pain, suffering, and fear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pink stands for taking real action against breast cancer, I might start to see October in a whole new light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>****\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resources/Further Reading\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://athenacarenetwork.org/\">Athena Breast Health Network\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bcaction.org/\">Breast Cancer Action.\u003c/a> Its latest campaign (“It’s an Epidemic, Stupid!”) \u003ca href=\"http://bcaction.org/the-2012-breast-cancer-action-mandate-for-government-action/\">calls on elected officials\u003c/a> to develop a series of actions against breast cancer, including developing tougher regulations on potential carcinogens and supporting research into root causes as well as less toxic therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.caring.com/articles/cancer-symptoms-in-women\">Breast Cancer Symptoms You’re Most Likely to Ignore\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.barbaraehrenreich.com/cancerland.htm\">Welcome to Cancerland,\u003c/a> author and journalist Barbara Ehrenreich’s devastating account of her experience with breast cancer and the breast cancer “marketplace.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/02/illustrating-science-translating-knowledge-into-pictures/akb_eyes/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45505\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_eyes.jpg\" alt=\"Blood vessel growth in a healthy (left) and diseased (right) eye - Allison Bruce\" title=\"AKB_eyes\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45505\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_eyes.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_eyes-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blood vessel growth in a healthy (left) and diseased (right) eye - Allison Bruce\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scifx.com/\" title=\"Allison Bruce Portfolio\">Allison Bruce\u003c/a> has a wonderful job: she spends all day making pictures for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce started out in science herself, earning a chemistry degree from UC Davis. After college, she worked in an environmental lab, but she didn't enjoy it and turned to art classes \"to keep from losing my mind,\" she says. She'd always drawn, but never pursued it as a career until a friend suggested she apply for a temporary position as an artist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.gene.com/gene/index.jsp\" title=\"Genentech, Inc.\">Genentech\u003c/a>, the bay area's biotech behemoth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45502\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 282px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/02/illustrating-science-translating-knowledge-into-pictures/gdc-0941-illustration-nocallouts-mockup/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45502\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_CancerCellCover-282x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cancer Cell cover - cartoon cell\" title=\"GDC-0941 Illustration NoCallouts Mockup\" width=\"282\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45502\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover illustration of breast-cancer drug trastuzumab - Allison Bruce\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That was 18 years ago, and now Bruce is a Senior Graphics Specialist at Genentech. \"It's a lot of fun,\" she says. \"It's really cutting-edge what they do here.\" She gets to learn about research before it's even published, translating brand-new knowledge about the world from words into pictures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detail can be exquisite, as in an illustration of the eye's blood vessel growth (above), which shuttled back and forth many times between Bruce and the researcher to make sure each line was accurate. The result is an eerily beautiful representation of sickness and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce's favorite projects, though, are journal covers, because they offer more flexibility to play around. To \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/issue?pii=S1535-6108(09)X0005-X#\" title=\"Cancer Cell - Trastuzumab cover\">illustrate the action of trastuzumab\u003c/a>, a breast-cancer drug, she enlisted her nephew's help to cartoonify a cell, complete with classic ZAP! and POW!.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce also helps researchers with presentations, animations, and web design, and is constantly learning new tools. \"It's an unusual job, but there's a lot of demand for it,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45563\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/02/illustrating-science-translating-knowledge-into-pictures/bonemarrow/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45563\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bonemarrow-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"bone marrow image from Kevin Ang\" title=\"bonemarrow\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45563\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storyboard image of bone marrow - Kevin Ang\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, there's enough demand that Genentech sometimes hires freelancers, such as self-described \"gun-for-hire\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.bingkoland.com/\" title=\"Kevin Ang Portfolio\">Kevin Ang\u003c/a> (\"Wacom-tablet-for-hire\" might be slightly more accurate). Ang has also worked for Bayer, Intuit, and Google, among others. \"Around here, it's all either pharma or tech,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ang's art jobs range from graphic recording (a bit like \u003ca href=\"http://www.thersa.org/events/rsaanimate\" title=\"RSAnimate\">RSAnimate\u003c/a>, but done in real time during a meeting) to commercial storyboarding. He particularly enjoys illustrating sequences that depict drug delivery because, he says, \"There's a very cinematic aspect to the things that happen at that scale in our bodies. I think of it as something from \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0060397/\" title=\"IMDB - Fantastic Voyage\">Fantastic Voyage\u003c/a>.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 282px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/02/illustrating-science-translating-knowledge-into-pictures/akb_persephone-cell-cover/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45511\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_Persephone-Cell-Cover-282x360.jpg\" alt='Cover illustration by Allison Bruce. \"Much like Persephone, Greek goddess of spring growth and queen of the underworld, some glioblastoma cells possess the capability for self-renewal.\"' title=\"AKB_Persephone Cell Cover\" width=\"282\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45511\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover illustration by Allison Bruce. \"Much like Persephone, Greek goddess of spring growth and queen of the underworld, some glioblastoma cells possess the capability for self-renewal.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike Bruce, Ang started out in art school. On his way to a BFA from UC Santa Cruz, his imagination was captured by a few natural science illustration courses. \"It was great to be surrounded by scientists,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce, too, loves working with and learning from scientists--perhaps in part because they often have their own idiosyncratic ideas. One of Bruce’s cover illustrations sprang from a researcher's suggestion that Persephone, Greek goddess of spring and the underworld, could \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/issue?pii=S1535-6108(10)X0005-8\" title=\"Cancer Cell - Persephone cover\">represent a self-renewing cell line\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even that wasn't Bruce's strangest project. Once she was asked to create a life-size Ronald McDonald bearing the face of a researcher, to welcome him back from sabbatical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drawing for scientists: never a dull moment.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/02/illustrating-science-translating-knowledge-into-pictures/akb_eyes/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45505\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_eyes.jpg\" alt=\"Blood vessel growth in a healthy (left) and diseased (right) eye - Allison Bruce\" title=\"AKB_eyes\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45505\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_eyes.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_eyes-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blood vessel growth in a healthy (left) and diseased (right) eye - Allison Bruce\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scifx.com/\" title=\"Allison Bruce Portfolio\">Allison Bruce\u003c/a> has a wonderful job: she spends all day making pictures for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce started out in science herself, earning a chemistry degree from UC Davis. After college, she worked in an environmental lab, but she didn't enjoy it and turned to art classes \"to keep from losing my mind,\" she says. She'd always drawn, but never pursued it as a career until a friend suggested she apply for a temporary position as an artist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.gene.com/gene/index.jsp\" title=\"Genentech, Inc.\">Genentech\u003c/a>, the bay area's biotech behemoth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45502\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 282px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/02/illustrating-science-translating-knowledge-into-pictures/gdc-0941-illustration-nocallouts-mockup/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45502\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_CancerCellCover-282x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cancer Cell cover - cartoon cell\" title=\"GDC-0941 Illustration NoCallouts Mockup\" width=\"282\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45502\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover illustration of breast-cancer drug trastuzumab - Allison Bruce\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That was 18 years ago, and now Bruce is a Senior Graphics Specialist at Genentech. \"It's a lot of fun,\" she says. \"It's really cutting-edge what they do here.\" She gets to learn about research before it's even published, translating brand-new knowledge about the world from words into pictures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detail can be exquisite, as in an illustration of the eye's blood vessel growth (above), which shuttled back and forth many times between Bruce and the researcher to make sure each line was accurate. The result is an eerily beautiful representation of sickness and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce's favorite projects, though, are journal covers, because they offer more flexibility to play around. To \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/issue?pii=S1535-6108(09)X0005-X#\" title=\"Cancer Cell - Trastuzumab cover\">illustrate the action of trastuzumab\u003c/a>, a breast-cancer drug, she enlisted her nephew's help to cartoonify a cell, complete with classic ZAP! and POW!.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce also helps researchers with presentations, animations, and web design, and is constantly learning new tools. \"It's an unusual job, but there's a lot of demand for it,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45563\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/02/illustrating-science-translating-knowledge-into-pictures/bonemarrow/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45563\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bonemarrow-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"bone marrow image from Kevin Ang\" title=\"bonemarrow\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45563\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Storyboard image of bone marrow - Kevin Ang\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, there's enough demand that Genentech sometimes hires freelancers, such as self-described \"gun-for-hire\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.bingkoland.com/\" title=\"Kevin Ang Portfolio\">Kevin Ang\u003c/a> (\"Wacom-tablet-for-hire\" might be slightly more accurate). Ang has also worked for Bayer, Intuit, and Google, among others. \"Around here, it's all either pharma or tech,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ang's art jobs range from graphic recording (a bit like \u003ca href=\"http://www.thersa.org/events/rsaanimate\" title=\"RSAnimate\">RSAnimate\u003c/a>, but done in real time during a meeting) to commercial storyboarding. He particularly enjoys illustrating sequences that depict drug delivery because, he says, \"There's a very cinematic aspect to the things that happen at that scale in our bodies. I think of it as something from \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0060397/\" title=\"IMDB - Fantastic Voyage\">Fantastic Voyage\u003c/a>.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 282px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/02/illustrating-science-translating-knowledge-into-pictures/akb_persephone-cell-cover/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45511\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/AKB_Persephone-Cell-Cover-282x360.jpg\" alt='Cover illustration by Allison Bruce. \"Much like Persephone, Greek goddess of spring growth and queen of the underworld, some glioblastoma cells possess the capability for self-renewal.\"' title=\"AKB_Persephone Cell Cover\" width=\"282\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45511\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover illustration by Allison Bruce. \"Much like Persephone, Greek goddess of spring growth and queen of the underworld, some glioblastoma cells possess the capability for self-renewal.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike Bruce, Ang started out in art school. On his way to a BFA from UC Santa Cruz, his imagination was captured by a few natural science illustration courses. \"It was great to be surrounded by scientists,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce, too, loves working with and learning from scientists--perhaps in part because they often have their own idiosyncratic ideas. One of Bruce’s cover illustrations sprang from a researcher's suggestion that Persephone, Greek goddess of spring and the underworld, could \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/issue?pii=S1535-6108(10)X0005-8\" title=\"Cancer Cell - Persephone cover\">represent a self-renewing cell line\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even that wasn't Bruce's strangest project. Once she was asked to create a life-size Ronald McDonald bearing the face of a researcher, to welcome him back from sabbatical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drawing for scientists: never a dull moment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like what you see in the supermarket produce section? Enjoy, because things may be changing there – the prices, even the mix of available fruits, nuts and veggies. Long acknowledged as \"the nation's salad bowl,\" California's farm belt is facing some thorny challenges from our changing climate: rising temperatures, an uncertain water supply and more abundant pests that threaten multi-billion-dollar crops. The half-hour documentary \u003cstrong>Heat and Harvest\u003c/strong>, a co-production of KQED and the \u003ca title=\"Center for Investigative Reporting\" href=\"http://cironline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, examines these threats and some potential solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44759\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ch01_blossom_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44759\" title=\"Cherry blossom\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ch01_blossom_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cherries need a certain number of \"chilling hours\" to bloom evenly. Photo: Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first story in the program, \u003cstrong>\u003ca title=\"Uncool Cherries\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/uncool-cherries/\" target=\"_blank\">Uncool Cherries\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, looks at the challenges facing cherry growers near Stockton. Life is hardly a bowl of cherries if you're trying to grow them in California lately. Cherries and other major fruit crops need a certain number of \"chilling hours\" in order to produce healthy blossoms and fruit. But in recent years, the spring nights have brought warmer temperatures and less of the legendary Valley fog that helps keep the chill on. (Reporter: Mark Schapiro / Producer: Serene Fang)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44690\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/sa01_leaves_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44690\" title=\"Almond plant damaged by salt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/sa01_leaves_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Almond plants damaged by salt in the groundwater, which burned their leaves. Photo: Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second story, \u003cstrong>\u003ca title=\"Dry and Salted\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/dry-and-salted/\" target=\"_blank\">Dry and Salted\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, examines the major wildcards in California's farming future: water and salt. Growers are having to learn to get along with less of the first and more of the second. That can mean leaving once-productive fields fallow or having to find less water-intensive crops and irrigation methods. But water quality is also presenting a challenge as growers find themselves having to cope with salt in their groundwater and the threat of encroaching saltwater from rising seas. (Reporter: Mark Schapiro / Producer: Serene Fang)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45106\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Gary_McDonald_potato_psyllid_1917_resized1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-45106\" title=\"Potato-tomato psyllid\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Gary_McDonald_potato_psyllid_1917_resized1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists believe that warmer winters have made the potato-tomato psyllid, which damages 40 crops, more abundant in California. Photo: Gary McDonald.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Heat and Harvest \u003c/strong>ends with \u003cstrong>\u003ca title=\"Some Bugs Like it Hot\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/some-bugs-like-it-hot-climate-change-and-agricultural-pests/\" target=\"_blank\">Some Bugs Like it Hot: Climate Change and Agricultural Pests\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, a look at how climate change is making agricultural pests more abundant in the state’s fields. A tiny insect that didn’t used to pose a problem for California farmers is now transmitting a disease that damages potato chips and threatens the state’s tomato crop. Are more pesticides the answer? We talk to farmers and scientists to see what's being done to meet the challenge. (Producer: Gabriela Quirós / Program Host & Reporter: Craig Miller)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Play our water quiz and guess what California crop needs the most water.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNqjxzpJPSA]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like what you see in the supermarket produce section? Enjoy, because things may be changing there – the prices, even the mix of available fruits, nuts and veggies. Long acknowledged as \"the nation's salad bowl,\" California's farm belt is facing some thorny challenges from our changing climate: rising temperatures, an uncertain water supply and more abundant pests that threaten multi-billion-dollar crops. The half-hour documentary \u003cstrong>Heat and Harvest\u003c/strong>, a co-production of KQED and the \u003ca title=\"Center for Investigative Reporting\" href=\"http://cironline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, examines these threats and some potential solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44759\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ch01_blossom_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44759\" title=\"Cherry blossom\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ch01_blossom_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cherries need a certain number of \"chilling hours\" to bloom evenly. Photo: Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first story in the program, \u003cstrong>\u003ca title=\"Uncool Cherries\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/uncool-cherries/\" target=\"_blank\">Uncool Cherries\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, looks at the challenges facing cherry growers near Stockton. Life is hardly a bowl of cherries if you're trying to grow them in California lately. Cherries and other major fruit crops need a certain number of \"chilling hours\" in order to produce healthy blossoms and fruit. But in recent years, the spring nights have brought warmer temperatures and less of the legendary Valley fog that helps keep the chill on. 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Growers are having to learn to get along with less of the first and more of the second. That can mean leaving once-productive fields fallow or having to find less water-intensive crops and irrigation methods. But water quality is also presenting a challenge as growers find themselves having to cope with salt in their groundwater and the threat of encroaching saltwater from rising seas. 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Photo: Gary McDonald.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Heat and Harvest \u003c/strong>ends with \u003cstrong>\u003ca title=\"Some Bugs Like it Hot\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/some-bugs-like-it-hot-climate-change-and-agricultural-pests/\" target=\"_blank\">Some Bugs Like it Hot: Climate Change and Agricultural Pests\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, a look at how climate change is making agricultural pests more abundant in the state’s fields. A tiny insect that didn’t used to pose a problem for California farmers is now transmitting a disease that damages potato chips and threatens the state’s tomato crop. Are more pesticides the answer? We talk to farmers and scientists to see what's being done to meet the challenge. (Producer: Gabriela Quirós / Program Host & Reporter: Craig Miller)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Play our water quiz and guess what California crop needs the most water.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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