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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/SamBelleStarr.jpg\">\u003cem>Are they related to me? I still don't know...\u003c/em>\u003c/span>When last I left you, I was searching for my great-great grandmother’s DNA in my own DNA. Remember, legend has it she was Cherokee and I wanted to confirm the legend with a genetic test from a company called 23andMe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/09/14/genetic-tests-when-no-means-maybe-part-1/\">In my last blog post\u003c/a>, I showed how the two most powerful ancestry tests, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome, were useless to me in my hunt. Now I want look at the rest of my DNA. So here we go!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Y chromosome and mtDNA are a small fraction of my DNA—something like 0.8% of the total DNA in one of my cells. But they are incredibly useful because they change very little from generation to generation. The mtDNA I got from my mom is probably exactly like hers. Same with most of the Y I got from my dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other 99.2% of my DNA is a lot trickier to look at from an ancestry perspective because it has changed a lot from generation to generation over time. For example, the chromosomes I inherited from my parents are not the same as the ones they have. I got a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/08/03/why-we-will-never-see-another-einstein/\">mix of their chromosomes\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, my mom had two copies of chromosome 1 (and two copies of her other 22 chromosomes too). As you know, she passed one chromosome 1 to me (my dad gave me my other one). But, through a process called recombination, her two copies of chromosome 1 swapped DNA so that I got a hybrid of her two copies. I inherited a unique chromosome never before seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is all well and good from a survival of the species point of view, but it is a problem for ancestry testing. Imagine that instead of my mom, we look at my Cherokee great-great grandmother. She has just had a child who inherited a mix of her chromosome 1’s. This chromosome will look Native American and the child would appear half Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, the test isn’t perfect yet and so there isn’t yet a “Native American” set \u003cem>per se\u003c/em>. Instead, here is how 23andMe describes Native American DNA in their tests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“…people who identify themselves as Native American exhibit fairly consistent Ancestry Painting proportions of about 75% Asian and 25% European, plus or minus 10%.” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means the chromosomes the child got from his or her mom won’t look Native American but instead will look 75% Asian and 25% European. (See \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=41\">a realted post of mine elsewhere\u003c/a> for why it looks like this.) Now imagine that this half Native American child grows up and has my grandfather as his or her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandpa will inherit a mix of his parents’ DNA too. In this case the Native American DNA will mix with the European DNA to create a hybrid. On average, you would now see something along the lines of 37.5% Asian (this is a simplification but it gets us into the ballpark of the number we might expect).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each generation would see, on average, a continued dilution of this Asian part. My dad would have 18% Asian, I would have 9%, etc. Here are my ancestry results (click the image to enlarge):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/AncestryPainting.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/AncestryPainting.jpg\" alt=\"AncestryPainting\" title=\"AncestryPainting\" width=\"600\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-3738\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not a hint of Asian. Looks like my great-great grandma wasn't Cherokee. Or was she?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are lots of ways she could still be Cherokee. First off, I don’t know how solid the 75% number is for all Native Americans. I don’t know how many Native Americans are in their database. I also don’t know how much variation there will be tribe to tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secondly, you may have noticed that I was very careful to always say, “on average.” This is because the recombinations don’t have to be a 50-50 swap. It is true that if you look at a large number of recombination events, the average will be 50%. But individual recombination events can be biased towards one or more chromosomes. Occasionally you’ll get mostly one chromosome and sometimes mostly the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sort of like flipping a coin—do it enough and you’ll get pretty close to half heads and half tails. But if you flip a coin twice, you might get one head and one tail. And you might not. Half the time you’ll get two heads or two tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is less a problem than you might think with our chromosomes since the recombination is spread over 23 pairs with each pair being independent of the others. But it can still throw a monkey wrench into the works. 23andMe actually has a nice chart that hints at this by giving the most likely range of possibilities. Unfortunately, this chart didn’t come up with my results and I had to stumble on it while I was playing around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the chart, I can see that the bottom end of my expected results in 0.24% “Native American” (if I am reading the chart correctly). That is pretty low and it seems like a pretty minor mistaken assumption at the beginning might knock this down to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where am I after this? Still in the dark. This is actually how many genetic tests end up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The positive result tells you a lot. Had there been Native American DNA, that would have been a slam dunk. (This isn’t always the case with genetic tests but it would be here.) But there wasn’t. 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"content": "\u003cp>Depression is hardly new. The Roman physician \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galen\">Galen\u003c/a>, in the second century A.D., expounded on the prevailing medical view that four bodily fluids, or humors, existed within all people but that the unique variation of these humors within people resulted in individual differences among people in their behavior and temperament. An excess of black bile, for example, indicated a melancholic personality. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, a lot of scientific progress has been made since then in understanding depression to be an organic, brain-based medical condition that afflicts millions. In fact, an individual has a ten to fifteen percent lifetime risk of developing a major depressive episode. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/predicting-swine-flu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/radio3-49_predictingflu300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\" target=\"_blank\">we reported on Swine flu\u003c/a>, or 2009 H1N1 virus, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> was considering whether or not to invest in a vaccine for the new influenza strain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after several delays, the first batches of vaccines -- first, a nasal spray version, then an injectible vaccine -- is due to hit hospitals and clinics across the country (and \u003ca href=\"http://in.reuters.com/article/healthNewsMolt/idINTRE58G4MW20090917\" target=\"_blank\">around the world\u003c/a>) in the first weeks of October. It's up to each state to decide which groups to prioritize, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/H1N1flu/clinician_pregnant.htm\" target=\"_blank\">pregnant women\u003c/a>, young children, and those with certain preexisting conditions such as asthma may be considered priorities. Over the following weeks, the flow of vaccines, produced at five different labs across the country, will steadily increase until, officials hope, any American who chooses to be vaccinated has access to a dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about where to get the vaccine, call: (800) CDC-INFO (800 232-4636) or visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu\" target=\"_blank\">www.cdc.gov/flu\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/vaccination\" target=\"_blank\">Here's another good resource\u003c/a> for basic H1N1 vaccine info.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this piece, we profile work taking place at the University of California, San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"http://vddc.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center\u003c/a>. This lab is home to the ViroChip - a powerful viral diagnostic tool that won its inventor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/health/research/07conv.html\" target=\"_blank\">Joseph DeRisi\u003c/a>, a MacArthur \"Genius\" Grant back in 2004. TheViroChip and other tools are critical to the fight against 2009 H1N1 . Among other things, they may be the first to alert us should the virus mutate into a form that's resistant to the leading antiviral drug, Tamiflu. (Several cases of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17396-tamiflu-resistance-emerges-in-flu-pandemic.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tamiflu-resistant 2009 H1N1\u003c/a> have already been reported, but so far they appear to be isolated incidents.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They'll be looking out for another important mutation too: That's if 2009 H1N1 changes enough so that the current vaccine for it -- the one coming out in October -- no longer works. (This kind of subtle virus mutation is the reason we need new flu vaccines every year.) So far, this does not seem to be the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/predicting-swine-flu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/predicting-swine-flu\">Listen to the Predicting Swine Flu\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.767776 -122.393952\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/predicting-swine-flu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/radio3-49_predictingflu300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\" target=\"_blank\">we reported on Swine flu\u003c/a>, or 2009 H1N1 virus, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> was considering whether or not to invest in a vaccine for the new influenza strain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after several delays, the first batches of vaccines -- first, a nasal spray version, then an injectible vaccine -- is due to hit hospitals and clinics across the country (and \u003ca href=\"http://in.reuters.com/article/healthNewsMolt/idINTRE58G4MW20090917\" target=\"_blank\">around the world\u003c/a>) in the first weeks of October. It's up to each state to decide which groups to prioritize, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/H1N1flu/clinician_pregnant.htm\" target=\"_blank\">pregnant women\u003c/a>, young children, and those with certain preexisting conditions such as asthma may be considered priorities. Over the following weeks, the flow of vaccines, produced at five different labs across the country, will steadily increase until, officials hope, any American who chooses to be vaccinated has access to a dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about where to get the vaccine, call: (800) CDC-INFO (800 232-4636) or visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu\" target=\"_blank\">www.cdc.gov/flu\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/vaccination\" target=\"_blank\">Here's another good resource\u003c/a> for basic H1N1 vaccine info.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this piece, we profile work taking place at the University of California, San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"http://vddc.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center\u003c/a>. This lab is home to the ViroChip - a powerful viral diagnostic tool that won its inventor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/health/research/07conv.html\" target=\"_blank\">Joseph DeRisi\u003c/a>, a MacArthur \"Genius\" Grant back in 2004. TheViroChip and other tools are critical to the fight against 2009 H1N1 . Among other things, they may be the first to alert us should the virus mutate into a form that's resistant to the leading antiviral drug, Tamiflu. (Several cases of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17396-tamiflu-resistance-emerges-in-flu-pandemic.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tamiflu-resistant 2009 H1N1\u003c/a> have already been reported, but so far they appear to be isolated incidents.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They'll be looking out for another important mutation too: That's if 2009 H1N1 changes enough so that the current vaccine for it -- the one coming out in October -- no longer works. (This kind of subtle virus mutation is the reason we need new flu vaccines every year.) So far, this does not seem to be the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/predicting-swine-flu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/predicting-swine-flu\">Listen to the Predicting Swine Flu\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.767776 -122.393952\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/tick.jpg\">\u003cem>Lyme disease, carried by ticks, has become a politically and medically controversial disease. Image source:\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/johncarleton/\">John Carleton\u003c/a> / \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/\">CC BY-NC-SA 2.0\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In early September, I received an email from one of my friends, with the following message:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Let's pack the theaters!! I'll be volunteering there all weekend!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under our Skin is finally hitting the big screen right here in our city 9/18-9/24. You won't be disappointed... This is a film that everyone needs to see. It says more than I could in a lifetime, and way more eloquently. The number of people diagnosed has gone up 77% from 2006-2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not about me, it's about opening your eyes to the complexity and horrid reality of chronic Lyme and how you can prevent it! You will be glad you took the 104 minutes to see this film! It could save your life or of a person you love. \u003ca href=\"http://turnthecorner.org/\">Turn the Corner (TTC)\u003c/a> is the official Outreach Partner for the documentary Under Our Skin and will receive proceeds from the film. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please respond … and invite everyone you know!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message was from my friend Gayle who is living with chronic Lyme disease. It was a call to arms to all her friends to see \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.underourskin.com/\">Under Our Skin\u003c/a>\u003c/em> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sundancecinemas.com/kabuki.html\">Kabuki Theater\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyme disease has become a politically and medically controversial disease. Antibiotics are used in the early stages of treatment and usually cure early localized infection. However, fewer than half the people that contract Lyme recall a tick bite and of those fewer than 50% get the bulls eye rash. Many cases go untreated for months or years. In more than half of the cases that go untreated, antibiotics will no longer cure the disease. It is one of the fastest growing infectious diseases in the United State making it more prevalent than AIDS, yet is it also one of the most widely misdiagnosed. Those suffering from Lyme disease are often misdiagnosed with maladies ranging from chronic fatigue syndrome to multiple sclerosis to Lou Gehrig's Disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most often those with Lyme are mistreated and still suffer. This documentary goes into the nuances of Lyme; how devastating it has been to those suffering it and how our healthcare system has only put on a bandaid on a severely debilitating disease. A\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/09/14/DD0A19EU2N.DTL#ixzz0REliG9ZL\"> recent article in the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> features the film’s director and revives the discussion about Lyme Disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people only learn more about diseases when it touches someone they love. My friend Gayle, has been a light and an inspiration in this sense to family and friends. Her symptoms for a long time have been misdiagnosed. She was bit once when she was in her early teens. Her doctor and her believe her disease worsened when she was bit again a few years ago while camping in California and suffered co-infection. This past year, she was finally diagnosed correctly and has been undergoing intensive treatment. Her background is as an RN, and true to form she has been using her own experience to advocate and treat others. Most people with chronic Lyme show little improvement with a course of antibiotics. However, in the past few years, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine\">Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)\u003c/a> has been showing steady improvement in many chronic cases. She now works at a Hyperbaric clinic in the city. Most days, she gets up, receives her treatment and then spends the rest of the day treating others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for Gayle, this is my attempt to pack the theaters. The proceeds from this movie will go to The Corner Foundation for grants and research to support those suffering this disease and prevent more from doing so. It is a worthy cause worth writing about and a movie I will be attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.4671\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/tick.jpg\">\u003cem>Lyme disease, carried by ticks, has become a politically and medically controversial disease. Image source:\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/johncarleton/\">John Carleton\u003c/a> / \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/\">CC BY-NC-SA 2.0\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In early September, I received an email from one of my friends, with the following message:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Let's pack the theaters!! I'll be volunteering there all weekend!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under our Skin is finally hitting the big screen right here in our city 9/18-9/24. You won't be disappointed... This is a film that everyone needs to see. It says more than I could in a lifetime, and way more eloquently. The number of people diagnosed has gone up 77% from 2006-2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not about me, it's about opening your eyes to the complexity and horrid reality of chronic Lyme and how you can prevent it! You will be glad you took the 104 minutes to see this film! It could save your life or of a person you love. \u003ca href=\"http://turnthecorner.org/\">Turn the Corner (TTC)\u003c/a> is the official Outreach Partner for the documentary Under Our Skin and will receive proceeds from the film. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please respond … and invite everyone you know!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message was from my friend Gayle who is living with chronic Lyme disease. It was a call to arms to all her friends to see \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.underourskin.com/\">Under Our Skin\u003c/a>\u003c/em> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sundancecinemas.com/kabuki.html\">Kabuki Theater\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyme disease has become a politically and medically controversial disease. Antibiotics are used in the early stages of treatment and usually cure early localized infection. However, fewer than half the people that contract Lyme recall a tick bite and of those fewer than 50% get the bulls eye rash. Many cases go untreated for months or years. In more than half of the cases that go untreated, antibiotics will no longer cure the disease. It is one of the fastest growing infectious diseases in the United State making it more prevalent than AIDS, yet is it also one of the most widely misdiagnosed. Those suffering from Lyme disease are often misdiagnosed with maladies ranging from chronic fatigue syndrome to multiple sclerosis to Lou Gehrig's Disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most often those with Lyme are mistreated and still suffer. This documentary goes into the nuances of Lyme; how devastating it has been to those suffering it and how our healthcare system has only put on a bandaid on a severely debilitating disease. A\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/09/14/DD0A19EU2N.DTL#ixzz0REliG9ZL\"> recent article in the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> features the film’s director and revives the discussion about Lyme Disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people only learn more about diseases when it touches someone they love. My friend Gayle, has been a light and an inspiration in this sense to family and friends. Her symptoms for a long time have been misdiagnosed. She was bit once when she was in her early teens. Her doctor and her believe her disease worsened when she was bit again a few years ago while camping in California and suffered co-infection. This past year, she was finally diagnosed correctly and has been undergoing intensive treatment. Her background is as an RN, and true to form she has been using her own experience to advocate and treat others. Most people with chronic Lyme show little improvement with a course of antibiotics. However, in the past few years, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine\">Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)\u003c/a> has been showing steady improvement in many chronic cases. She now works at a Hyperbaric clinic in the city. Most days, she gets up, receives her treatment and then spends the rest of the day treating others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for Gayle, this is my attempt to pack the theaters. The proceeds from this movie will go to The Corner Foundation for grants and research to support those suffering this disease and prevent more from doing so. It is a worthy cause worth writing about and a movie I will be attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.4671\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/23andMe-web.jpg\">\u003cem>Genetic tests often don’t give as much information as you might think.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In a previous blog I talked about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/07/20/taking-the-plunge-diving-into-my-dna/\">getting my DNA tested with 23andMe\u003c/a>. Well, I got the email the other day saying that my results were ready. So I logged on and up popped this screen pictured to the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All sorts of goodies to try out! I feel like a kid at Christmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing I thought I’d do is check out my ancestry. My grandfather’s grandmother was supposedly Native American and so I wanted to find out if I could see that in my DNA. (This relates to my supposed relationship with the outlaw Sam Starr but that is a different story.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.23andme.com\">23andMe\u003c/a> has this Native American testing app in their 23andMe Labs section. I clicked on my data and up popped this result:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Recent Native American ancestry is unlikely\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Has it all been lies? My great, great grandma wasn’t Native American? Not so fast...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A “no” answer on a genetics test doesn’t necessarily tell you a lot. (And sometimes, the “yes” answer isn’t so helpful either!) Now as a geneticist, I know the drawbacks of ancestry tests like these. What I wanted to see was if 23andMe did a good job of explaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first checked out my \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA\">mitochondrial\u003c/a> DNA (mtDNA) and my Y chromosome data. These DNA don’t change a lot from generation to generation and so are really good at tracing ancestry many generations back. Their downside for me is how they are passed down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Y chromosome passes from father to sons. My great, great grandma didn’t have a Y to pass on so of course my Y chromosome data wouldn’t show that she was Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>mtDNA passes from mom to her children. At first this sounds promising since we are talking about my great, great grandma until we realize that I am related to this woman through my grandfather. His mtDNA died with him (except for his female relatives and their descendants) so that is lost to me as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is what 23andMe has written under interpretation of my mtDNA and Y chromosome results:\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is inconsistent with Native American ancestry along the maternal (mother's mother's mother's ...) line. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This Y chromosome haplogroup is inconsistent with Native American ancestry along the paternal (father's father's father's ...) line.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I suppose this says what I just said but I am not sure how many people would really appreciate the limitations of mtDNA and Y chromosome data from this explanation. There wasn’t a link to a more explicit discussion of the limitations of this sort of testing and there wasn’t anything I could see from a quick glance at the ancestry part of the site either. An explicit explanation would be good or maybe a figure like this one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/gene-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/gene-tree.jpg\" alt=\"gene-tree\" title=\"gene-tree\" width=\"400\" height=\"150\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3621\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, this drives home the point that there is a whole lot of missing ancestry. It might help if they had some sort of family tree app where you could indicate as much as you know about family relationships. Once you’ve inputted the data, it would spit out what tests results would be useful to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the mtDNA and Y chromosome test results are of little use to me in this quest. (And of little use to me in general as it confirms my pasty whiteness.) Next blog I’ll deal with the rest of my DNA and what that can and can’t tell me about my great, great grandma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.33161018170129 -121.89019918441772\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/personalized-medicine\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/radio3-48_PersonalMed300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You've probably heard about some of the breakthroughs in personal genome sequencing, where companies take a look at your DNA and send back your risk profile. That can be confusing information to have (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/07/20/taking-the-plunge-diving-into-my-dna/\" target=\"_blank\">check out this post\u003c/a> from Quest blogger Dr. Barry Starr for his take on it). But there's a flip side to all this genetic research that doesn't have to do with risk: personalized medicine. That's where doctors can customize medical treatments to fit your genetic profile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, there are only a handful of drugs that are labeled with genetic information, so doctors can take it into consideration. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/30/business/30gene.html\">Here's an article\u003c/a> from the New York Times that gives an overview). But that doesn't mean existing medications are left out. I spent some time with Deanna Kroetz in this story, who studies pharmacogenomics at UC San Francisco. She explained that differences in our DNA can cause some of us to process drugs at different rates. We all metabolize drugs with enzymes in the liver, but based on expression of our DNA, we may have different levels of enzymes or our enzymes may not function as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are plenty of other things that affect how we process drugs, like our diet or other drugs we're taking. But these genetic differences mean some people metabolize drugs quickly and others metabolize them slowly. One example that many people are familiar with is codeine. Codeine is converted into morphine by our bodies and it's the morphine that actually has an effect -- but that conversion \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeine#Pharmacokinetics\" target=\"_blank\">depends on a particular enzyme\u003c/a>. Some people have very low levels of the enzyme that's needed, so codeine doesn't do much for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're also studying another drug response mechanism at UCSF and it has to do with our cells. Many drugs have to go inside our cells in order to have an effect, but if you think back to high school biology, you might remember that cells are protected by membranes. It takes \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP-binding_cassette_transporter\" target=\"_blank\">transporters\u003c/a> - those special gatekeepers sitting on the cell membranes -- to allow things in. They also can spit things out of cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spent some time in the lab with Rachel LaFond, a graduate student at UCSF. She was running experiments on one particular transporter known as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG2\" target=\"_blank\">ABCG2\u003c/a>. This transporter is particularly good at spitting things out of cells. Normally its job is to kick toxins out, but some cancers have been able to hijack this machinery. Cancer cells with an over expression of this transporter can spit out chemotherapy drugs, which means they aren't helping the patient. LaFond is working to understand this variation better, so they could one day develop a genetic test for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/personalized-medicine\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/personalized-medicine\">Listen to the Personalized Medicine\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.769196 -122.39106\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/09/snake-bracelet.jpg\">\u003cem>Often at the California Academy of Sciences, you will see docents out on the floor of the museum with an example from our live animal collection.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The Academy offers chances to get up and personal with a variety of reptiles, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.reptilesweb.com/reptiles-section/lizard-world/blue-tongue-skink.html\">Skinks\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.reptilesweb.com/reptiles-section/snake-world/ball-python.html\">Ball Pythons\u003c/a>. Docents follow up these close encounters by offering antimicrobial soap to guests to clean their hands-- not because the animals are slimy or grimy, but as a precaution against transmitting Salmonella bacteria from animals to people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You've probably heard of this bacteria before, as an unpleasant bug that sometimes finds its way into high-protein foods such as meat, fish, and eggs. It is also naturally found on and in many reptiles, and does not usually make the animals sick, but if passed to humans-- particularly young children, the elderly and infirm -- it can cause a serious infection called \u003cem>Salmonellosis\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But selecting the right anti-microbial was not as easy a choice as we thought it would be. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food and Drug Administration published reports question the use of antibacterial soap and hand sanitizers, saying that it found no medical studies that showed a link between a specific consumer antibacterial product and a decline in infection rates. Plus, regular soap kills 90% of bacteria and leaves little impact on the environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, anti-bacterial products like \u003ca href=\"http://www.purell.com/index.jhtml\">Purell\u003c/a> use synthetic polymers known as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triclocarban\">Triclocarban\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triclosan\">triclosan\u003c/a> to kill off bacteria. Triclosan is known to promote the growth of resistant bacteria, including E. coli, and both pose environmental toxicity risks; after washing your hands or washing the dishes they can get into the waste water system. Because they do not break down or get filtered out during waste water treatment, up to 75 percent of the original amount gets into the Bay. Once in the environment, these products have been known to disrupt the health of marine life and other wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Academy scientists went in search of an alternative product that does not contain the above 2 agents, and has recommended \u003ca href=\"http://www.metrex.com/metrex/metrex-handhygiene-2.php\">Vionex Antimicrobial Soap\u003c/a> for our public programs. Commonly used in the medical, dental, and law enforcement industries, Vionex uses a different antimicrobial agent called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCMX\">PCMX\u003c/a>, or parachlorometaxylenol, which is considered significantly less toxic to humans and other mammals that Triclocarban and Triclosan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What you can do at home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you are not handling reptiles daily like we are, you can take action to reduce exposure to toxic anti-microbials. Whenever possible avoid products that are labeled “anti-bacterial.” Products that are likely to be anti-bacterial are most hand-sanitizers, hand wipes, cleaning products, and dishwasher detergent. If you must use hand-sanitizers, consider natural ones such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.allterrainco.com/natural_sanitizer.html\">Hand-Sanz\u003c/a> (found at Whole Food or Bristol Farms). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Academy scientists went in search of an alternative product that does not contain the above 2 agents, and has recommended \u003ca href=\"http://www.metrex.com/metrex/metrex-handhygiene-2.php\">Vionex Antimicrobial Soap\u003c/a> for our public programs. Commonly used in the medical, dental, and law enforcement industries, Vionex uses a different antimicrobial agent called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCMX\">PCMX\u003c/a>, or parachlorometaxylenol, which is considered significantly less toxic to humans and other mammals that Triclocarban and Triclosan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What you can do at home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you are not handling reptiles daily like we are, you can take action to reduce exposure to toxic anti-microbials. Whenever possible avoid products that are labeled “anti-bacterial.” Products that are likely to be anti-bacterial are most hand-sanitizers, hand wipes, cleaning products, and dishwasher detergent. If you must use hand-sanitizers, consider natural ones such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.allterrainco.com/natural_sanitizer.html\">Hand-Sanz\u003c/a> (found at Whole Food or Bristol Farms). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/08/blower-door.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>How much air is your house leaking? Are you unknowingly slurping in dirty air from your garage and attic? Perhaps a blower door test can help you find out. \u003c/em>\u003c/span>Tom White is the Publisher of \u003cem>Home Energy\u003c/em> (aka \"my boss\"). He's gotten to know a lot about home performance in this job over the last few years. He knows about blower doors and pressure envelopes, duct blasters and thermal envelopes; and has been initiated into the knowledge that you never use duct tape on ducts. But there was one more initiation to go. So he went to the Web to find someone to do an energy audit on his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I went to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.servicemagic.com/\">ServiceMagic\u003c/a> Web site that I learned about editing a \u003cem>Home Energy\u003c/em> article,\" says Tom. \"Within less than a minute after I entered some basic information about my house and what I was looking for in the way of an energy audit, the phone rang.\" It was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sustainablespaces.com/\">Sustainable Spaces\u003c/a>, a home performance contractor located in San Francisco. Tom made an appointment for his audit for the next week. \"They were offering a 'Stimulus Special' for $395.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house Tom shares with his partner Dmitri was built in 1907. \"The home has never been remodeled,\" says Tom. \"We recently had the furnace replaced with a hot water radiant system. We have been careful to keep to the original features of the home, so we got our radiators from buildings built around the same time that used to be part of the heating systems in buildings at Fort Baker.\" They also installed a renewable energy source. \"We installed photovoltaic (PV) panels on our roof, but we should have had the audit first to show us how to use less energy and save on the PV. Our annual true-up statement says we owe $75 for electricity, but I want to get that down to $0!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Mitchell, an experienced contractor who knows a lot about Bay Area houses, came with two younger men for an audit of Tom and Dmitri's 102-year-old home. The crew closed all the exterior doors and windows, installed a \"blower door\" in the main doorframe, and depressurized the house. Immediately, dust and insulation particles began to pour through the \"pocket doors\" from the attic. After taking some measurements to get a general sense of how leaky the house is, and blocking some of the major air leaks, the crew from Sustainable Spaces then pressurized the house. \"We walked around the house with a liquid pencil, which showed there is airflow around switch plates, gaps in the baseboard where the home is connected to the outside, and the cabinet in our kitchen where there used to be 'torpedo tubes,' which used to hold hot water heated by the wood stove, and other places\" says Tom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the old house has some problems with air leakage, which means heating energy being lost to the outside. The crew also found out that the humidity in the kitchen was 20% higher than that on the outside of the house. \"We both took showers that morning, and I had a cup of hot tea,\" says Tom. That was enough to keep the humidity high a few hours later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the home has no mechanical ventilation, moisture build up could lead to mold growth on surfaces in the living spaces, or-even worse because it is hidden-within the walls. Mold can degrade building materials and create poor indoor air quality. Tom has allergies and a moldy house could make it difficult for him to breathe. Since Tom is living in the mild climate of the Bay Area, where we can open windows and get fresh air other ways in our leaky houses, the moisture may not hang around long enough to be a problem. If he lived in a cold climate such as Minnesota's, or a hot-humid climate such as Atlanta's, fixing the air leaks in his house without adding mechanical ventilation could create a \"sick house\", meaning one with poor indoor air quality due to mold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We won't get the report until next week,\" says Tom. The report will include specific numbers for air leakage from the house to the outside-or in this case between the living spaces and the attic and basement. Too much air flow means lost energy and too little means a sick house. The report will also give a range of measures that will make Tom and Dmitri's house healthier and more energy efficient. \"We'll decide what measures we want done when we get the report. We made our heating system more efficient with the radiant system that heats the living spaces and provides us with hot water. We use half the gas now to heat water than we did before. So spending a lot more on fixing the building envelope doesn't make so much sense to us right now. We'll probably fix the big leaks by air sealing around the attic. And we may insulate under the floor between the living spaces and the basement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted to have our house audited mostly because I'm curious,\" says Tom. \"And we want to save energy.\" But from now on when Tom talks about home performance, and the importance of healthy and efficient homes, it will take on a whole new dimension-the homeowner's perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"order": 1
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
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