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"disqusTitle": "Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled",
"title": "Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/WS210-BananaSlugsStill300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slow, small, but quite vibrant life on the forest floor can often go completely unnoticed as we hustle and bustle past on our hiking trips, picnics or family outings. Often times the little world on the ground is misinterpreted as insignificant. If noticed at all, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-fungus-fair\">mushroom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration\">snail\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/03/16/bay-area-herpetology-salamanders-part-1/\">salamander\u003c/a> might only capture our interest for a short while before the pull of seeing something new draws us away. Patience is not a trait most of us humans possess enough to truly appreciate the goings on in the tiny world of the seemingly unhurried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA common misconception then is people just aren’t that interested in things that are little, sluggish and quiet. They want \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/elk-return-to-the-bay-area\">big\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/falcon-fascination-tv\">fast\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/hog-wild\">ferocious\u003c/a>! In the wildlife film world we see many movies about lions, cheetahs, grizzly bears, wolves or elephants. Heck, one cable channel devotes an entire week each year just on sharks. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/the-great-white-shark-meet-the-man-in-the-gray-suit\">This isn’t a bad thing\u003c/a>. The charismatic mega-fauna and the world they inhabit fascinate us. It’s natural. But taking the time to discover the small world beneath our feet can have its benefits as well. And looking down through a different lens can provide some wonderful little surprises- a cluster of convergent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/112\">ladybugs\u003c/a> beneath a fallen leaf, redwood sorrel opening with the shade, or a spinning spider’s elaborate web catching a breeze in the glistening sun. There is a whole community of life under each rock, little gems left for those who are careful and take the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is for this that we set out on our adventure into the misty redwood canopy in hunt of a slug - The Pacific banana slug to be exact. They are not fast but can be surprisingly elusive. Belonging to the genus \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em>, there are three main species of banana slugs; \u003cem>columbianus\u003c/em>, \u003cem>californicus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, – as well as two other known subspecies. Most banana slugs live in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-measuring-redwood-giants\">temperate rainforests\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-science-of-fog\">fog-zones\u003c/a> of the Pacific Coast. Banana slugs’ size, shape and coloring reflect their name as most tend to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/dale_hameister/8222188/\">long and yellow\u003c/a>, some having brown or \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/7383661@N08/3923672539/in/photostream/\">black spots\u003c/a>. However, they can also be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/piezocuttlefish/2355459691/in/photostream/\">light-brown\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/theswirtproject/874054983/\">greenish\u003c/a>, perhaps \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidwhlloyd/1813046000/\">black\u003c/a>, or even \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/2559453857/\">white\u003c/a>. They are the second largest slug in the world and can grow up to ten inches long. Banana slugs serve an important role in the forest ecosystem. Feeding on detritus, (fallen leaves, mushrooms and even dead animals) they recycle nutrients and help replenish the soil\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the banana slug is the official mascot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/about/mascot.html\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, it seemed only fitting that we explore the mountains near campus for our quarry. The particular species in those parts is \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em> \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, which, as we learn in our story, stands out among other slugs in a number of different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people think slugs are kinda icky. And who wants to see a slow slimy boring slug anyway? Capturing the true character, movement and, yes, beauty of the slugs is a challenge. Luckily, QUEST has an expert in our ranks. Prior to joining the QUEST team, Associate Producer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/joshua-cassidy/\">Joshua Cassidy\u003c/a> gained a lot of experience portraying the life and beauty of the creatures and places that are often overlooked. In his award-winning film \u003cem>Life By The Tide\u003c/em>, Josh was able to show the surprisingly vibrant life hidden among the small tide pools of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh took his experiences in the tide pools out into the forest on our hunt for slugs. Filming a sea star slowly crawling down a mussel bed has a lot of similarities to capturing a banana slug moving up a tree trunk. “One advantage to shooting these creatures is they’re not going to fly or run away,” says Josh. “But it will get startled and you can see that with the banana slugs. But in order to get a good shot, you have to get close. So, often I’ll set up in front of the animal and anticipate where it is going to go. It takes patience and you get failed shots but you get pretty good at predicting how they are going to move.” Josh says another key to getting a great shot is a willingness to get down on your belly in the mud. “Something like a banana slug from a human’s eye level, say 5 feet, doesn’t look like it’s moving- doesn’t look like it’s doing very much at all. But if you get down to the slug’s eye level and fill your frame, you see a lot more motion and activity.” “We used a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass, which allows you to get really close and pick up great detail and the unusual anatomy… As if you were another banana slug running into this gentleman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the lens of Josh’s camera we see the forest floor come alive. And through his patience we can see the life of a banana slug in a whole new light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> Josh’s film\u003ca href=\"http://www.lifeonterra.com/episode.php?id=202#SWF\"> \u003cem>“Life By The Tide”\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>or watch a shortened version\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> of \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>it here on QUEST TV, in a new feature called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy\">“Your Videos On QUEST.”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/WS210-BananaSlugsStill300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slow, small, but quite vibrant life on the forest floor can often go completely unnoticed as we hustle and bustle past on our hiking trips, picnics or family outings. Often times the little world on the ground is misinterpreted as insignificant. If noticed at all, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-fungus-fair\">mushroom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration\">snail\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/03/16/bay-area-herpetology-salamanders-part-1/\">salamander\u003c/a> might only capture our interest for a short while before the pull of seeing something new draws us away. Patience is not a trait most of us humans possess enough to truly appreciate the goings on in the tiny world of the seemingly unhurried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA common misconception then is people just aren’t that interested in things that are little, sluggish and quiet. They want \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/elk-return-to-the-bay-area\">big\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/falcon-fascination-tv\">fast\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/hog-wild\">ferocious\u003c/a>! In the wildlife film world we see many movies about lions, cheetahs, grizzly bears, wolves or elephants. Heck, one cable channel devotes an entire week each year just on sharks. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/the-great-white-shark-meet-the-man-in-the-gray-suit\">This isn’t a bad thing\u003c/a>. The charismatic mega-fauna and the world they inhabit fascinate us. It’s natural. But taking the time to discover the small world beneath our feet can have its benefits as well. And looking down through a different lens can provide some wonderful little surprises- a cluster of convergent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/112\">ladybugs\u003c/a> beneath a fallen leaf, redwood sorrel opening with the shade, or a spinning spider’s elaborate web catching a breeze in the glistening sun. There is a whole community of life under each rock, little gems left for those who are careful and take the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is for this that we set out on our adventure into the misty redwood canopy in hunt of a slug - The Pacific banana slug to be exact. They are not fast but can be surprisingly elusive. Belonging to the genus \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em>, there are three main species of banana slugs; \u003cem>columbianus\u003c/em>, \u003cem>californicus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, – as well as two other known subspecies. Most banana slugs live in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-measuring-redwood-giants\">temperate rainforests\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-science-of-fog\">fog-zones\u003c/a> of the Pacific Coast. Banana slugs’ size, shape and coloring reflect their name as most tend to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/dale_hameister/8222188/\">long and yellow\u003c/a>, some having brown or \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/7383661@N08/3923672539/in/photostream/\">black spots\u003c/a>. However, they can also be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/piezocuttlefish/2355459691/in/photostream/\">light-brown\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/theswirtproject/874054983/\">greenish\u003c/a>, perhaps \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidwhlloyd/1813046000/\">black\u003c/a>, or even \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/2559453857/\">white\u003c/a>. They are the second largest slug in the world and can grow up to ten inches long. Banana slugs serve an important role in the forest ecosystem. Feeding on detritus, (fallen leaves, mushrooms and even dead animals) they recycle nutrients and help replenish the soil\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the banana slug is the official mascot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/about/mascot.html\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, it seemed only fitting that we explore the mountains near campus for our quarry. The particular species in those parts is \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em> \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, which, as we learn in our story, stands out among other slugs in a number of different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people think slugs are kinda icky. And who wants to see a slow slimy boring slug anyway? Capturing the true character, movement and, yes, beauty of the slugs is a challenge. Luckily, QUEST has an expert in our ranks. Prior to joining the QUEST team, Associate Producer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/joshua-cassidy/\">Joshua Cassidy\u003c/a> gained a lot of experience portraying the life and beauty of the creatures and places that are often overlooked. In his award-winning film \u003cem>Life By The Tide\u003c/em>, Josh was able to show the surprisingly vibrant life hidden among the small tide pools of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh took his experiences in the tide pools out into the forest on our hunt for slugs. Filming a sea star slowly crawling down a mussel bed has a lot of similarities to capturing a banana slug moving up a tree trunk. “One advantage to shooting these creatures is they’re not going to fly or run away,” says Josh. “But it will get startled and you can see that with the banana slugs. But in order to get a good shot, you have to get close. So, often I’ll set up in front of the animal and anticipate where it is going to go. It takes patience and you get failed shots but you get pretty good at predicting how they are going to move.” Josh says another key to getting a great shot is a willingness to get down on your belly in the mud. “Something like a banana slug from a human’s eye level, say 5 feet, doesn’t look like it’s moving- doesn’t look like it’s doing very much at all. But if you get down to the slug’s eye level and fill your frame, you see a lot more motion and activity.” “We used a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass, which allows you to get really close and pick up great detail and the unusual anatomy… As if you were another banana slug running into this gentleman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the lens of Josh’s camera we see the forest floor come alive. And through his patience we can see the life of a banana slug in a whole new light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> Josh’s film\u003ca href=\"http://www.lifeonterra.com/episode.php?id=202#SWF\"> \u003cem>“Life By The Tide”\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>or watch a shortened version\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> of \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>it here on QUEST TV, in a new feature called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy\">“Your Videos On QUEST.”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One of the most beloved and iconic native species within the old growth redwood forests is the Pacific Banana Slug. These slimy friends of the forest are the ultimate recyclers. Feeding on fallen leaves, mushrooms or even dead animals, they play a pivotal role in replenishing the soil. QUEST goes to Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park near Santa Cruz on a hunt to find Ariolomax dolichophallus, a bright yellow slug with a very big personality. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Shark-finning-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is it about sharks that inspire such controversy? Sharks make good press. The very words, \"shark attack\" sends a chill up the spine and puts a gleam in the editor’s eye. Sharks are all over the news when there is a shark attack or when the Discovery Channel is re-enacting shark attacks on \"Shark Week\". But this spring, sharks are in the news for another reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharks swim in our psyche. There is something mysterious, enigmatic and even deeply atavistic about sharks. The unmistakable shape of a shark, the open jaws lined with serrated teeth, and the shark fin is imprinted throughout human history up to modern times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From petroglyphs in European caves, carvings in Pacific Island volcanic rocks to shark masks in a West African dance, the image of the ocean's apex predator inspires power, fear and even virility. Cultures the world over have created myths and cults around sharks, deifying them and demonizing them. The Greek goddess \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamia_(mythology)\">Lamia\u003c/a> was a daughter of the god Poseidon, a devourer of children and the mother of the sea-monsters Skylla and Akheilos. The Australian Aborigines have an oral history of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nma.gov.au/collections-search/display?irn=15542\">Bangudja\u003c/a>, the tiger-shark, which attacked the dolphin man in the Gulf of Carpenteria, leaving behind a large red spot on the rocks of Chasm Island. The Pacific Island peoples who live in close connection to sharks have elevated sharks to a God-like status. The Hawaiian \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aumakua\">amuakua\u003c/a>\u003c/em> symbolizes an ancestor in the form of a shark. Countless Hawaiian myths refer to the shark god \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamohoalii\">Kamohoali’i\u003c/a> serving as protector of fishermen and guider of lost canoes. The indigenous people of Solomon believe that the bodies of sharks are inhabited by the souls of the dead people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In modern cultures, we continue to symbolize sharks: the ruthless lawyer; a cool calculating professional golfer; a quick and menacing professional hockey team. Until recent times shark encounters did not extend beyond local beach or fishing communities. With modern media and the immeasurable psychological impact of a Hollywood film, sharks rose from the subliminal depths into the forefront of our collective fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws_(film)\">Jaws\u003c/a>\u003c/em> was a good film. It struck a chord, but it was not good for sharks. Peter Benchley spent the last decades of his life trying to undo what the film sparked. The wave of horror initiated by \u003cem>Jaws\u003c/em> continues today: news stories of a single shark attack spread beyond proportion, when the true story should be man bites shark.\u003cbr>\nThe fact is we are removing all large predatory fish from the world ocean at an unsustainable rate. As the consummate oceanic predator, sharks are especially vulnerable to overfishing and are increasingly being wiped out as bycatch and for products like shark fin soup. Global demand for shark fin soup has pushed several shark populations to the brink of collapse. Shark finning is the cruel and wasteful practice of hacking off fins from live sharks, tossing the dead or dying animal overboard. Man bites shark at the rate of millions to one every year. In this respect man is winning, but in reality we are all losing. It has been demonstrated that sharks are essential members for a healthy ecosystem and removing them is causing an imbalance, even a collapse of complex marine communities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sharks are in the news for other reasons. States and countries are rising up and protecting sharks. Last year Hawaii banned shark fin soup and commercial shark fishing. The Marianas Islands, Guam and Palau have all banned shark fin sales and provide sanctuary for sharks. The Washington State Assembly just passed a bill to ban the sale of shark fin, and California has its own bill, \u003ca href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/Bills/AB_376/20112012/\">AB 376\u003c/a> started right here in San Francisco to ban shark fin in our state. Other states and island nations are considering similar passage. The news is that sharks are important and we care enough to override cultural concerns about a delicacy. The news is that cultures can evolve so that the ocean can survive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharks are a symbol of what is going wrong with the oceans and what can be right. Sharks are symbols of ocean health. It's time to dismiss the man-eater myths, push back the soup bowl and start protecting sharks for a healthy ocean and healthy humans. Living sharks are valuable to the ocean ecology and to human cultures across the Pacific. It's time think like a sea steward for all ocean life, including the shark. This is why sharks are the Sea Stewards symbol and the motivation behind the \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/projects/shark-sanctuary-san-francisco/\">Shark Sanctuary Initiative\u003c/a>. It is why we are supporting AB 376 and will be celebrating sharks on \u003ca href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a> in June 2011. Let sharks live!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out more about what legislators are doing for shark protections and the passage of the \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/what-you-can-do-to-support-the-california-shark-fin-bill-ab-376/\">Shark Fin Bill\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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Engineers use the power chain hoist to safely lift each bag over to the salt water mixing cistern located underneath the life support system room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the salt, there are 11 additional ingredients to the CAS salt formula. Laurie’s demonstrating her new checklist that ensures the mix is correct 100% of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/22.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13427 aligncenter\" title=\"2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/22.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy recently converted over from Instant Ocean (the Bisquick for salt water aquarists) to our own blend. The salt water team took months to investigate and test the new mixture that reduces our cost from $0.12 per gallon to under $0.08 per gallon. 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Unlike a regular roof, the glass needs to be washed regularly to remove any debris and deposits that can permanently etch the glass. A soft brush at the end of a long pole, with filtered water that removes any chemicals and minerals that will spot the glass, are the only tools used – no chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/42.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13429 aligncenter\" title=\"4\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/42.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"267\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same technique is used on most of the building’s glass surfaces, both inside and out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever wonder how we spread compost on a steep slope?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spreading compost to improve the planting conditions on the south slope is difficult. The process used to be carrying buckets of the stuff by hand, up and down a hill, trampling plants and compacting the soil in the process. Enter jet mulching! Specialty trucks use compressed air to push to compost through a flexible tube, literally blowing the mulch onto the hillside. Three trucks made quick work of our hillside in just a few hours. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the salt, there are 11 additional ingredients to the CAS salt formula. Laurie’s demonstrating her new checklist that ensures the mix is correct 100% of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/22.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13427 aligncenter\" title=\"2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/22.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy recently converted over from Instant Ocean (the Bisquick for salt water aquarists) to our own blend. The salt water team took months to investigate and test the new mixture that reduces our cost from $0.12 per gallon to under $0.08 per gallon. This is a big deal when you are making over 2.7 million gallons per year!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before making the transition, the cisterns where the water is mixed and stored needed to be cleaned. In a joint effort, the Aquarium Staff and the Engineers drained the cisterns, washed down the silt, and collected it for disposal. Arnel’s in this tank after most of the water was drained and the space certified safe for people to enter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/32.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13428 aligncenter\" title=\"3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/32.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"267\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever wonder how the glass roof is cleaned?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panes of glass that ring the living roof house thousands of solar cells and keep the perimeter of the building dry. Unlike a regular roof, the glass needs to be washed regularly to remove any debris and deposits that can permanently etch the glass. A soft brush at the end of a long pole, with filtered water that removes any chemicals and minerals that will spot the glass, are the only tools used – no chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/42.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13429 aligncenter\" title=\"4\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/42.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"267\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same technique is used on most of the building’s glass surfaces, both inside and out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever wonder how we spread compost on a steep slope?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spreading compost to improve the planting conditions on the south slope is difficult. The process used to be carrying buckets of the stuff by hand, up and down a hill, trampling plants and compacting the soil in the process. Enter jet mulching! Specialty trucks use compressed air to push to compost through a flexible tube, literally blowing the mulch onto the hillside. Three trucks made quick work of our hillside in just a few hours. They placed three times the amount of mulch in a quarter of the time, for the same cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/72.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13430 aligncenter\" title=\"7\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/72.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever wonder what went into the Academy's LEED Platinum certification?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy earned its LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Platinum certification for New Construction (NC) with a score of 54 out of a possible 69 points. The LEED NC was designed to guide and distinguish high-performance commercial and institutional projects. Our building was graded on six categories that included sustainability, water efficiency, energy use, and indoor environmental quality, and was based on how the building was constructed. We are now nearly complete with our submission to the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) for our Existing Building Operations and Maintenance (EB-OM) certification. The EB-OM checklist has a total of 110 points and helps us measure the operations, improvements, and maintenance with the goal of maximizing efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. The project team are in the homestretch of this nearly two year project!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/rmls_screen_size_148th_house_proud_ground-15_125x1252.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area and our neighbor to the north, Portland, Oregon, have had a friendly competition over which of us is the greenest state. Portland scored big points by providing proof positive that the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) a.k.a. the Stimulus Bill, has crated good paying, permanent jobs in the new, greener economy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/recovery/blockgrant.html\">Energy Efficiency and Community Block Grant (EECBG) \u003c/a>program, which targets urban settings for energy efficiency building retrofit, economic stimulus, and job creation is a sister program of the Weatherization Assistance Program. Both programs are supported by the Department of Energy. Both programs are on the chopping block in the current House budget. The City of Portland, with the help of \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenforall.org\">Green For All\u003c/a>, a national nonprofit organization that works to spread the benefits of the new green economy to every level of the economic hierarchy, was given through EECBG access to $1.1-million for a pilot program to retrofit 500 homes in the Portland area. But the money was not a grant—it is a revolving loan. Portland has leveraged the loan fund with public and private investments to generate to date close to $7-million in homeowner investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results so far:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tMore than 500 newly retrofitted homes that use on average 450 therms of gas and 7,700 kWh of electricity less than they did before retrofit. At about $1 per therm and $0.12 per kWh (which is what I pay to PG&E) that equals a savings of $1,374 per house per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tEmployment for 381 construction workers making an average of about $25 per hour. The workforce is about 50% people of color and 8% women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAlmost one-quarter of the pilot project dollars have gone to minority- or women-owned businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administrators of the program, including the City of Portland, \u003ca href=\"http://energytrust.org\">Energy Trust of Oregon\u003c/a>, and Conservation Services Group provide support in the form of information, marketing help, and discounted training to the company’s involved. But the companies were also asked to make a commitment to the communities they serve. The companies hire locally, establish long term relationships with their employees, and move towards having all their employees trained and certified through the Building Performance Institute (BPI) a nationally recognized, and widely respected standards and certification body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far I’ve only given some statistics. There is a story that better illustrates what the Portland program is all about. I spent two summers working as a volunteer in the skid-row area of Portland, around Broadway and Third Street back in the mid-80s. I met a lot of homeless men and women, some Vietnam vets, some World War II vets, who had little hope of a better life. One nun I worked with gave her homeless clients birthday parties as well as other help, just to give then a sense of individual dignity and importance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alber Horsely Jr. is a 25-year old formerly homeless Portland resident who was recently trained as a weatherization technician and now has a job earning more than $15 per hour—and he has health benefits. There’s nothing like a job to give a person a sense of dignity and worth and to inspire other homeless men and women and give them some hope for a better future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City of Portland, through the 500-home pilot program is working to extend the program to all of Oregon and thereby do energy efficiency upgrades, bringing better health and comfort as well as energy savings to the residents of 6,000 homes per year. Come on California, time to catch up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tMore than 500 newly retrofitted homes that use on average 450 therms of gas and 7,700 kWh of electricity less than they did before retrofit. At about $1 per therm and $0.12 per kWh (which is what I pay to PG&E) that equals a savings of $1,374 per house per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tEmployment for 381 construction workers making an average of about $25 per hour. The workforce is about 50% people of color and 8% women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAlmost one-quarter of the pilot project dollars have gone to minority- or women-owned businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administrators of the program, including the City of Portland, \u003ca href=\"http://energytrust.org\">Energy Trust of Oregon\u003c/a>, and Conservation Services Group provide support in the form of information, marketing help, and discounted training to the company’s involved. But the companies were also asked to make a commitment to the communities they serve. The companies hire locally, establish long term relationships with their employees, and move towards having all their employees trained and certified through the Building Performance Institute (BPI) a nationally recognized, and widely respected standards and certification body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far I’ve only given some statistics. There is a story that better illustrates what the Portland program is all about. I spent two summers working as a volunteer in the skid-row area of Portland, around Broadway and Third Street back in the mid-80s. I met a lot of homeless men and women, some Vietnam vets, some World War II vets, who had little hope of a better life. One nun I worked with gave her homeless clients birthday parties as well as other help, just to give then a sense of individual dignity and importance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alber Horsely Jr. is a 25-year old formerly homeless Portland resident who was recently trained as a weatherization technician and now has a job earning more than $15 per hour—and he has health benefits. There’s nothing like a job to give a person a sense of dignity and worth and to inspire other homeless men and women and give them some hope for a better future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City of Portland, through the 500-home pilot program is working to extend the program to all of Oregon and thereby do energy efficiency upgrades, bringing better health and comfort as well as energy savings to the residents of 6,000 homes per year. Come on California, time to catch up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/biomass3002.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Almond shells at the West Biofuels biomass test plant in Woodland, California.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think of where energy comes from, you might picture a power plant or maybe wind mills. You probably wouldn't think of a pile of 12 tons of almond shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is hungry for renewable energy. Solar and wind power have taken off thanks to the state's ambitious clean energy goals. But there's another way to generate electricity -- by using organic material like agricultural and tree waste. It's known as biomass power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Summers is an engineer with West Biofuels at their test power plant near Sacramento. California, by the way, is the world leader in growing almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we've got more almond shells than anybody else. And you know, we know some companies that handle almond shells and they're always looking for somewhere to take them,\" says Summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/03/2011-03-28-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/how-green-is-biomass-energy\">How Green Is Biomass Energy?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But where some see a waste product, Summers sees an energy source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So this is the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westbiofuels.com/\" target=\"_blank\">West Biofuels\u003c/a> process,\" he says, pointing to a tower of industrial equipment that turns almond shells into electricity. First, the waste, or biomass, is fed into a reactor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We call it reforming, so we're re-forming what's biomass, what's almond shells into smaller particles that are gases,\" says Summers, describing their gasification technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas that's produced is a lot like natural gas, so it goes to an advanced generator where it's burned to produce electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is where biomass is different from other renewables. The generator produces air pollution, unlike, say, a solar farm. So Summers and his team use pollution control technology to meet California's air quality standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, despite the emissions from biomass plants, many say there are big benefits to using waste as an energy source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Waste is pretty green,\" says Jim Boyd, a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>. \"There's enough material out there to make thousands of megawatts of electricity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/biomasspile2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Matt Summers of West Biofuels stands next to their fuel source.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of unused energy sources out there, Boyd says, like construction debris and orchard cuttings. Biomass energy also has one big advantage over other renewables - reliability. Wind and solar power are variable since the sun and wind aren't available all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And instead of just thinking about building more natural gas plants to fill the void, we could utilize biomass plants because they are seven by 24 once you get them up and running,\" says Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while other renewables are booming, biomass is on the decline in California. After dozens of plants were built in the 1980s, today, only a handful of new plants are being proposed. In 2009, biomass provided about two percent of the state's electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a great infatuation with wind and solar and very rare references to biomass and some of us are trying to turn that around a little bit,\" Boyd says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem is simply cost. Biomass facilities need tons and tons of material and trucking it in from around the state isn't very economical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other issue gets back to the concern of whether biomass energy is really as green as supporters say. There's the problem of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass plants. Another controversy is over one particular fuel source: trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All those years of Smokey Bear and fire suppression in California have created very dense forests – which are at high risk for fires. Both private and public land managers have been trying to reduce that fuel load.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a lot of cases you'd do thinning operation where you take out some of the trees, usually the smaller trees, the less valuable trees,\" says Bill Stewart, a forestry specialist at the University of California - Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart says most of the material removed from forests is either burned or left to decay. So there's a lot of interest in using forestry waste in biomass plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Debbie Hammel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> says, \"I think if you're talking about waste, it's important to define what you mean.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you take too much of that residue out of the forest, you're going to have an impact on the forest floor, the fertility of the soil, erosion and potentially wildlife habitat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammel says there's a major debate over how much thinning is good for a forest. So, she worries that a larger biomass industry would create incentives to over-harvest forests. That's why Hammel says not all biomass is equal - and why waste like almond shells should be used before forest cuttings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a role for biomass done right, but it's a smaller role I think than some people imagine,\" says Hammel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking ahead, Hammel says the next thorny issue is calculating the greenhouse gas emissions from biomass plants, which can be tricky since the fuels come from a number of sources. That's something the federal Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>38.714854 -121.75320\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we've got more almond shells than anybody else. And you know, we know some companies that handle almond shells and they're always looking for somewhere to take them,\" says Summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/03/2011-03-28-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/how-green-is-biomass-energy\">How Green Is Biomass Energy?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But where some see a waste product, Summers sees an energy source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So this is the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westbiofuels.com/\" target=\"_blank\">West Biofuels\u003c/a> process,\" he says, pointing to a tower of industrial equipment that turns almond shells into electricity. First, the waste, or biomass, is fed into a reactor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We call it reforming, so we're re-forming what's biomass, what's almond shells into smaller particles that are gases,\" says Summers, describing their gasification technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas that's produced is a lot like natural gas, so it goes to an advanced generator where it's burned to produce electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is where biomass is different from other renewables. The generator produces air pollution, unlike, say, a solar farm. So Summers and his team use pollution control technology to meet California's air quality standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, despite the emissions from biomass plants, many say there are big benefits to using waste as an energy source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Waste is pretty green,\" says Jim Boyd, a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>. \"There's enough material out there to make thousands of megawatts of electricity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/biomasspile2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Matt Summers of West Biofuels stands next to their fuel source.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of unused energy sources out there, Boyd says, like construction debris and orchard cuttings. Biomass energy also has one big advantage over other renewables - reliability. Wind and solar power are variable since the sun and wind aren't available all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And instead of just thinking about building more natural gas plants to fill the void, we could utilize biomass plants because they are seven by 24 once you get them up and running,\" says Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while other renewables are booming, biomass is on the decline in California. After dozens of plants were built in the 1980s, today, only a handful of new plants are being proposed. In 2009, biomass provided about two percent of the state's electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a great infatuation with wind and solar and very rare references to biomass and some of us are trying to turn that around a little bit,\" Boyd says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem is simply cost. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/santasusana3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The Santa Susana Field Laboratory.\u003c/em> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japan’s \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/bxzQPiy_U1M\">nuclear power crisis\u003c/a> has planted indelible memories worldwide and revived doubts about the health and safety of nuclear power. It may unsettle many to discover that California, too, experienced a partial nuclear meltdown. \u003ca href=\"http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Sodium_Reactor_Experiment\">The accident\u003c/a>, which occurred in 1959, is claimed to have released more radiation than Three Mile Island. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rocketdynecleanupcoalition.org/resources/documents/#health\"> The severity of health impacts\u003c/a> from this incident on site workers, and to the surrounding community, is still being debated to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/03/2011-03-21-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/nuclears-future-in-the-us\">Nuclear's Future in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Don’t remember hearing about the accident? Not many do. Located in Ventura County, California, The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) was a testing site for rockets and nuclear work during the dawn of the Cold War. As such, there was an experimental attitude and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ssflpanel.org/files/SSFLPanelReport.pdf\">secrecy\u003c/a> associated with this site as these technologies were being developed. The events at SSFL essentially lay hidden from the public for twenty years. It wasn’t until scares from the Three Mile Island disaster in 1979 ignited UCLA and reporters to unearth the nuclear accident at SSFL that \u003ca href=\"http://www.committeetobridgethegap.org/sre/\">the public first learned\u003c/a> about the immensity of this meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) was the first U.S. commercial nuclear power plant, and as such, was subject to untested “glitches” in operation. On July 13th, 1959, power within the SRE reactor rose uncontrollably, nearly tripling in less than eight seconds. Radiation monitors went off scale. After a difficult shutdown and inability to find the cause of the problems, workers restarted the damaged reactor and ran it for two more weeks before discovering that 13 of 43 fuel rods had partially melted. Workers determined that a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/eRdC5I0Yn2k?version=3\">blockage from a contaminating fluid in the coolant system\u003c/a> caused the melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, this reactor was only 1/100 the size of the Three Mile Island reactor. However, it’s been reported to have released up to 240 times more radiation than the 1979 disaster. How can this be? The answer: the experimental reactor did not have a concrete containment structure. Thus, any radiation that escaped the venting system entered the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Department of Energy came out in 1989 with the statement that the SSFL site was still contaminated, community concern began to grow. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ehib.org/papers/37_Reynolds_1992_Cancer.pdf\">study showing increased levels of bladder cancer\u003c/a> nearby the site showed up. Then there was the follow up \u003ca href=\"http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:vHAjqH7wrIUJ:www.ssflpanel.org/files/panel_worker_chem.pdf+California+Dept+of+Health+bladder+cancer+ssfl&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESj9dzq8mTO1DrvlG6iBd1E8SaQnX73QV7wxpGbHaCNgU4ZVtHIlfl7vkkYDCh0ujFv6rLcpYmLeZfJwxY4tjolcv797jXfDOykyFMNnmSBru-nbRprLS479mzATKO6kfMPjQdt_&sig=AHIEtbSIC-XpIvTaUXaZJq5EyFkCybCU0A\">report by UCLA\u003c/a> that SRE plant workers who had been exposed to the highest levels of radiation had triple the amount of cancer death rates then those not exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the nuclear plant is gone, but years of work \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/04/local/la-me-0904-cleanup-20100904\">cleaning up the site\u003c/a> remain. In 2007, the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://www.committeetobridgethegap.org/pdf/dec6letterepassfl.pdf\">declared\u003c/a> SSFL a Superfund site. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcrw.com/news/programs/ww/ww090713las_own_nuclear_melt\">After numerous lawsuits\u003c/a> that ended with a large settlement to nearby residents, as well as community workshops and ongoing epidemiological studies, the jury is still out on just how much contamination from the SSFL site is attributable to the 1959 SRE accident. Because the types of radiation released can remain at dangerously high levels for centuries, the decisions made at Santa Susanna during the ’50s and ’60s may continue to affect residents for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/tsunami2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Courtesy of NASA\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 12, a one-foot tidal wave was filmed as it slowly surged across the San Francisco Bay. The wave traveling 5000 miles from Japan started out as a 23-foot tsunami off the Japanese coast. It was created by a devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0. The earthquake was the largest earthquake in Japan’s history and the fourth largest earthquake since 1900. It shifted the planet’s axis and opened a rift that moved Japan closer to the United States by thirteen feet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were lucky to have such a slight nudge from such a devastating natural disaster. Crescent City was not so lucky. Six to eight foot surges hit the harbor of Crescent City creating flooding, splintered docks, and damage to boats and marinas alike. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"390\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/jdMDCLwblkY\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crescent City’s claim to fame is it the only town in the continental US where a tsunami has killed residents. On March 28, 1964, a 21-foot tsunami wave created by a earthquake in nearby Alaska surged into the town of 7,500 doing extensive damage and killing 11 people. Underwater topography can tunnel these massive waves to direct them towards a certain point, which increases the power by centralizing their force. Such was the case with the wave that hit Crescent City; the underwater topography leading to Crescent City created a funnel for the wave in 1964.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With such a powerful wave, it is a blessing that more people were not killed. Early sirens warned of the wave and many residents retreated to higher ground. UGGS put out a \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1187\">report in 2005\u003c/a> of how to survive a tsunami taking much information from the survivors of Tsunamis in Chile, Hawaii and Japan. From their extensive research, the following points were given:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tMany will survive the earthquake that will later trigger a tsunami\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tLook for natural warnings; An earthquake or rise and fall of coastal waters may serve as an early warning as well as wildlife heading for higher ground\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tListen for official warnings; Take sirens and evacuation notices seriously\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tThere is usually not just one wave; Generally small waves are then followed by higher intensity waves\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tHead for higher ground and stay put; It may take several hours for the Tsunami force wave to hit\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAbandon belongings; Many people died concerning themselves with belonging rather than heading to higher ground\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tRoads may not be an escape route; They might be made impassable by earthquakes or earlier waves\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tIf getting to higher ground is not an option:\u003cbr>\n Go to an upper floor or roof of a building; Climb a tree; If you are near wave, find something that can act as a raft\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Protecting Sharks' Marine Protected Areas and "Paper Parks"",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/cocos.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> I'm currently with a team of Costa Rican biologists from the environmental organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.pretoma.org/\">Pretoma\u003c/a> on the vessel Sirneuse to film and tag turtles and sharks at Cocos Island. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pretoma.org/photo-gallery/?album=1&gallery=11\">Matt Potenski\u003c/a> and Pretoma.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the implementation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/\">Marine Life Protection Act\u003c/a> in California, marine protected areas are in the news. Although we have protected over 10% of our land areas through parks, wilderness areas and nature reserves, the ocean is still hovering around 1% of area under some kind of protection. California is attempting to remedy this by setting aside a network of marine protected areas, protecting some 20-25% of the California coastline. The last stages are coming to the San Francisco Bay this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is not alone in attempting to establish marine protected areas also known as MPAs. Countries like New Zealand, Australia and Belize have been active in establishing MPAs.\u003cbr>\nWhat is a marine protected area anyway? There are as many definitions as there are ecosystems, but essentially it is an area of ocean with defined boundaries and defined protections that are legally enforceable. Some areas such as marine parks allow mixed use including fishing and recreation. Others such as marine reserves are defined in California to have some public use but no take of marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latter are the most controversial because they exclude fishermen from their recreation or trade. Whatever the controversy, the facts are clear that we are overfishing our ocean and destroying habitat faster than we are protecting it. There is some pretty solid science indicating the benefit of no-take reserves to the protected habitat and areas outside the protected region. Reserves act as sources of fish and invertebrates well beyond the boundaries. In Florida, where a closure near Cape Canaveral resulted in bigger and more abundant grouper and snapper, a phenomenon developed called “fishing the line,” meaning catching fish spilling at the edge of the protected boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same phenomenon occurs in New Zealand where lobster pots are so numerous along the protected zone’s edge they resemble a defined border like a swim zone. The fish and invertebrates protected inside the reserve are spilling out to the areas outside the protection.\u003cbr>\nLarval fish spread out in the current, casting seeds for future fish downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem in any case is observance and enforcement. There have been success in countries with resources to enforce and convict violators, but many of the areas on the global map are in name only - \"paper parks.\" Boats fish freely in world heritage sites and areas designated protected by governments. I am writing this from one such area outside Cocos Island approximately 400 miles off the coast of Costa Rica. I am currently with a team of Costa Rican biologists from the environmental organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.pretoma.org/\">Pretoma\u003c/a> on the vessel Sirneuse to film and tag turtles and sharks at Cocos Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocos is a volcano rising from the deep sea and is an oasis of life from sharks and large fish to manta rays. The government has designated a no-take area 12 miles around Cocos Island over a decade ago, but there has been rampant poaching in the reserve. Recently Costa Rica created the Seamount Management Marine Area that will extend the Cocos Island protected area to 9640 Km2 (nearly 3700 square miles) has been established to protect pinnacles and migratory pathways for fish and sharks. The objective is to protect sharks and other species at risk such as sea turtles from the tuna fishery.\u003cbr>\nHowever, these areas are fished for tuna and even sharks with little fear of enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Protema biologists tell me that there are several challenges enforcing illegal fishing within the protected zone. The law says that the longlines set for fish must be attached to the boat and inside the reserve to be enforced. Costa Rica does not have a navy, and the Coast Guard primarily enforces against illegal drugs and not fishing. The rangers and the non profit located on Cocos (Marviva) can only report illegal activity to the authorities. If enforcement arrives, they generally find an abandoned longline filled with dead fish and sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite public denial by officials, sharks are being finned in Costa Rican waters. Finning is illegal in Costa Rica, yet it is common knowledge that shark fins have been unloaded at private docks behind guarded compounds. Two weeks ago Pretoma forced the courts to uphold the law requiring sharks to be landed at the public docks. Not long after the crew of a Taiwan flagged vessel was apprehended unloading shark fins at the public docks. \"The system is working\", said Randall Arauz, president of Pretoma. \"Clearly, the international fleet needs the privacy of its private docks to hide its shark finning activities, but now it must respect our laws\", added Arauz with satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to protect marine resources we need to have the support of the public and vigilance by watchdogs like Pretoma. However, protecting the ocean from the impacts of fishing are difficult even with enforcement, Protecting the waters from impacts from the land such as run off and ocean acidification cannot be implemented by drawing a line on a map. In San Francisco the last\u003cbr>\nstage of the MLPA is now underway. With significant influence from\u003cbr>\nthe and, and with potential sea level rise, the best we can do is protect and restore damaged habitat and protect large enough areas such as ecosystems which include fish like our shark nurseries and habitat for sea grass and native oysters to flourish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protecting far ranging species like sharks through MPAS is also not easily attained. Sharks cross international borders and roam far past the protection of any single marine protected area. Open ocean MPA’s have been proposed but will take international agreement and the cooperation of the pelagic fishing fleet. At best we can protect nurseries such as the San Francisco Bay and Biodiversity hot spots in the ocean like the waters surrounding Cocos Island. Islands and submarine pinnacles such as Cocos and the new protected area are theoretically large enough to better protect the large migratory species like some species of sharks. However, we need to increase enforcement and alter consumption patterns to support sustainable fisheries. Clearly eating shark fin, or Bluefin tuna sushi is not sustainable. Even with good enforcement, there will be problems, but recognizing the need for marine protected areas is a place to start, even if it’s still only on paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same phenomenon occurs in New Zealand where lobster pots are so numerous along the protected zone’s edge they resemble a defined border like a swim zone. The fish and invertebrates protected inside the reserve are spilling out to the areas outside the protection.\u003cbr>\nLarval fish spread out in the current, casting seeds for future fish downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem in any case is observance and enforcement. There have been success in countries with resources to enforce and convict violators, but many of the areas on the global map are in name only - \"paper parks.\" Boats fish freely in world heritage sites and areas designated protected by governments. I am writing this from one such area outside Cocos Island approximately 400 miles off the coast of Costa Rica. I am currently with a team of Costa Rican biologists from the environmental organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.pretoma.org/\">Pretoma\u003c/a> on the vessel Sirneuse to film and tag turtles and sharks at Cocos Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocos is a volcano rising from the deep sea and is an oasis of life from sharks and large fish to manta rays. The government has designated a no-take area 12 miles around Cocos Island over a decade ago, but there has been rampant poaching in the reserve. Recently Costa Rica created the Seamount Management Marine Area that will extend the Cocos Island protected area to 9640 Km2 (nearly 3700 square miles) has been established to protect pinnacles and migratory pathways for fish and sharks. The objective is to protect sharks and other species at risk such as sea turtles from the tuna fishery.\u003cbr>\nHowever, these areas are fished for tuna and even sharks with little fear of enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Protema biologists tell me that there are several challenges enforcing illegal fishing within the protected zone. The law says that the longlines set for fish must be attached to the boat and inside the reserve to be enforced. Costa Rica does not have a navy, and the Coast Guard primarily enforces against illegal drugs and not fishing. The rangers and the non profit located on Cocos (Marviva) can only report illegal activity to the authorities. If enforcement arrives, they generally find an abandoned longline filled with dead fish and sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite public denial by officials, sharks are being finned in Costa Rican waters. Finning is illegal in Costa Rica, yet it is common knowledge that shark fins have been unloaded at private docks behind guarded compounds. Two weeks ago Pretoma forced the courts to uphold the law requiring sharks to be landed at the public docks. Not long after the crew of a Taiwan flagged vessel was apprehended unloading shark fins at the public docks. \"The system is working\", said Randall Arauz, president of Pretoma. \"Clearly, the international fleet needs the privacy of its private docks to hide its shark finning activities, but now it must respect our laws\", added Arauz with satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to protect marine resources we need to have the support of the public and vigilance by watchdogs like Pretoma. However, protecting the ocean from the impacts of fishing are difficult even with enforcement, Protecting the waters from impacts from the land such as run off and ocean acidification cannot be implemented by drawing a line on a map. In San Francisco the last\u003cbr>\nstage of the MLPA is now underway. With significant influence from\u003cbr>\nthe and, and with potential sea level rise, the best we can do is protect and restore damaged habitat and protect large enough areas such as ecosystems which include fish like our shark nurseries and habitat for sea grass and native oysters to flourish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protecting far ranging species like sharks through MPAS is also not easily attained. Sharks cross international borders and roam far past the protection of any single marine protected area. Open ocean MPA’s have been proposed but will take international agreement and the cooperation of the pelagic fishing fleet. At best we can protect nurseries such as the San Francisco Bay and Biodiversity hot spots in the ocean like the waters surrounding Cocos Island. Islands and submarine pinnacles such as Cocos and the new protected area are theoretically large enough to better protect the large migratory species like some species of sharks. However, we need to increase enforcement and alter consumption patterns to support sustainable fisheries. Clearly eating shark fin, or Bluefin tuna sushi is not sustainable. Even with good enforcement, there will be problems, but recognizing the need for marine protected areas is a place to start, even if it’s still only on paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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"order": 19
},
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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}
},
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
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