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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/festival.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/festival-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"festival\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-26227\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/\">The Bay Area Science Festival\u003c/a>, a 10-day celebration of science, starts this week. There are over 50 exciting events throughout the Bay Area, including hikes, lectures, and concerts. From a day of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/29/stanford-the-tech/\">hands-on activities with Stanford’s Genetics department\u003c/a> to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/29/hawk-talk-banding-demonstration/\">hawk talk\u003c/a> in the Marin Headlands, from an \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/29/explore-what-you-eat-hands-on-science-at-east-bay-farmers%E2%80%99-markets/\">exploration of food at the farmers’ market\u003c/a> to a screening of the movie \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/02/are-we-alone-a-special-screening-of-contact-with-jill-tarter/\">Contact\u003c/a> with astronomer Jill Tarter (on whom Jodie Foster’s character was based), there is something for everyone.\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the highlights: MythBuster Adam Savage will talk with author Mary Roach about her book \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/02/packing-for-mars/\">Packing for Mars\u003c/a>. Science writer Carl Zimmer will talk with two UCSF scientists about tiny friends and foes in \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/04/gut-check-the-hidden-world-of-microbes-in-your-body/\">Gut Check: The Hidden World of Microbes\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/04/radiolablive-2/\">RadioLab\u003c/a> will be live at Berkeley’s Zellerbach Hall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 275px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dinosvsrobots.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dinosvsrobots-275x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"dinosvsrobots\" width=\"275\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26230\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Check out Dinosaurs vs. Robots at the Lawrence Hall of Science on Sunday, October 30.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/30/robots-vs-dinosaurs/\">Dinosaurs vs. Robots\u003c/a> at the Lawrence Hall of Science, you can do hands-on activities to see for yourself which is the most awesome: paleontology or engineering. KQED will moderate a discussion, \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerhistory.org/events/#challenge-promise-artificial-intelligence-bay\">The Challenge and Promise of Artificial Intelligence\u003c/a>, with researchers from Microsoft and Google at the Computer History Museum in San Jose. And there are three Discovery Days, packed with free shows, exhibits, and games. The Discovery Days are at \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/29/discovery-days-at-cal-state-east-bay/\">Cal State East Bay\u003c/a> (10/29), \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/05/discovery-days-at-infineon-raceway/\">Infineon Raceway\u003c/a> (11/5), and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/06/dd-at-att-park/\">AT&T Park\u003c/a> (11/6). If you go, keep an eye out for QUEST’s table! Find more fun stuff on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/schedule/month/\">calendar\u003c/a>—be sure to click over to see the events in November, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Science Festival is part of a growing movement to celebrate science in the community. The festivals bring together different organizations and individuals to engage diverse audiences in science. The Bay Area Science Festival is organized by the \u003ca href=\"http://biochemistry.ucsf.edu/programs/sep/\">Science and Heath Education Partnership\u003c/a> at the University of California, San Francisco—along with dozens of partners. \u003ca href=\"http://sciencefestivals.org/about-/what-is-a-science-festival.html\">Science festivals\u003c/a> started in the UK; now there are annual festivals in Philadelphia and Cambridge, Mass. And last year the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.usasciencefestival.org/\">USA Science and Engineering Festival\u003c/a> descended on the National Mall in Washington DC. To find a science festival near you, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://sciencefestivals.org/index.php/go-to-a-festival.html\">map\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll be representing the Lawrence Hall of Science at the Discovery Day in AT&T Park on Sunday November 6—the Festival’s finale. Hope to see you there! \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/festival.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/festival-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"festival\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-26227\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/\">The Bay Area Science Festival\u003c/a>, a 10-day celebration of science, starts this week. There are over 50 exciting events throughout the Bay Area, including hikes, lectures, and concerts. From a day of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/29/stanford-the-tech/\">hands-on activities with Stanford’s Genetics department\u003c/a> to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/29/hawk-talk-banding-demonstration/\">hawk talk\u003c/a> in the Marin Headlands, from an \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/29/explore-what-you-eat-hands-on-science-at-east-bay-farmers%E2%80%99-markets/\">exploration of food at the farmers’ market\u003c/a> to a screening of the movie \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/02/are-we-alone-a-special-screening-of-contact-with-jill-tarter/\">Contact\u003c/a> with astronomer Jill Tarter (on whom Jodie Foster’s character was based), there is something for everyone.\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the highlights: MythBuster Adam Savage will talk with author Mary Roach about her book \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/02/packing-for-mars/\">Packing for Mars\u003c/a>. Science writer Carl Zimmer will talk with two UCSF scientists about tiny friends and foes in \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/04/gut-check-the-hidden-world-of-microbes-in-your-body/\">Gut Check: The Hidden World of Microbes\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/04/radiolablive-2/\">RadioLab\u003c/a> will be live at Berkeley’s Zellerbach Hall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 275px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dinosvsrobots.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dinosvsrobots-275x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"dinosvsrobots\" width=\"275\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26230\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Check out Dinosaurs vs. Robots at the Lawrence Hall of Science on Sunday, October 30.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/30/robots-vs-dinosaurs/\">Dinosaurs vs. Robots\u003c/a> at the Lawrence Hall of Science, you can do hands-on activities to see for yourself which is the most awesome: paleontology or engineering. KQED will moderate a discussion, \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerhistory.org/events/#challenge-promise-artificial-intelligence-bay\">The Challenge and Promise of Artificial Intelligence\u003c/a>, with researchers from Microsoft and Google at the Computer History Museum in San Jose. And there are three Discovery Days, packed with free shows, exhibits, and games. The Discovery Days are at \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/10/29/discovery-days-at-cal-state-east-bay/\">Cal State East Bay\u003c/a> (10/29), \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/05/discovery-days-at-infineon-raceway/\">Infineon Raceway\u003c/a> (11/5), and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/11/06/dd-at-att-park/\">AT&T Park\u003c/a> (11/6). If you go, keep an eye out for QUEST’s table! Find more fun stuff on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareascience.org/schedule/month/\">calendar\u003c/a>—be sure to click over to see the events in November, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Science Festival is part of a growing movement to celebrate science in the community. The festivals bring together different organizations and individuals to engage diverse audiences in science. The Bay Area Science Festival is organized by the \u003ca href=\"http://biochemistry.ucsf.edu/programs/sep/\">Science and Heath Education Partnership\u003c/a> at the University of California, San Francisco—along with dozens of partners. \u003ca href=\"http://sciencefestivals.org/about-/what-is-a-science-festival.html\">Science festivals\u003c/a> started in the UK; now there are annual festivals in Philadelphia and Cambridge, Mass. And last year the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.usasciencefestival.org/\">USA Science and Engineering Festival\u003c/a> descended on the National Mall in Washington DC. To find a science festival near you, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://sciencefestivals.org/index.php/go-to-a-festival.html\">map\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Meter.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25851\" title=\"Meter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Meter-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A PG&E SmartMeter on a Bay Area home. (Photo: Lauren Sommer)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smart meters have arrived for many Californians. More than 11 million have been installed by electric utilities in the state, with PG&E leading the way. The new meters digitally track a household's energy use. So, for the first time, we can see our daily and even hourly data online (with a one-day lag before it's posted).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that consumers reduce their energy use when they have access to this information. But as PG&E and other utilities have discovered, raw energy data doesn't mean much to most of us (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/in-a-sea-of-energy-data-utilities-try-to-inspire-conservation/\">including me in this week's QUEST story\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of clean tech start-ups and major corporations are jumping into this space, trying to bridge the gap between hardware (meter) and well, \"soft\"-ware (consumers).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting busy people to change their behavior is no simple task. So I spoke to two companies that have worked with PG&E and other utilities on this problem. Both \u003ca href=\"http://opower.com/\">Opower \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.silverspringnet.com/\">Silver Springs Networks\u003c/a> have designed the web portals that consumers see when they log into their utility accounts. They're designed not just to make us understand, but to inspire us to use less energy in our daily lives. I asked Dan Yates of Opower and Eric Dresselhuys of Silver Spring Networks what lessons they've learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 1: Keep Up with the Joneses \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think that saving the planet would be enough of a reason to guilt us into energy conservation. But it turns out that our competitive streak is a bigger motivator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies' websites show customers how their energy use compares to similar houses in their neighborhood. Don't worry - they're not publishing exactly how much electricity the Smiths use down the street. But the companies say knowing how you compare to others is a powerful motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not shame,\" says Yates of Opower. \"It is really just recognizing an addressable opportunity to reduce usage. If I have a $250 utility bill, I don't really know how much I can save. But as soon as I know that a similar home in my neighborhood is paying $150, suddenly I feel like I have an addressable gap of $100 that I want to pay attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called \"normative comparison\" in the behavioral science world. And Dresselhuys agrees. \"People don't like to lose. People start to wonder why they use so much more than their neighbor does and they start to dig into it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opower is rolling out new social features later this year that allow customers to compare themselves to friends on Facebook. \"It puts the information in a context that's relevant to people. We've seen the power of the neighbor comparison and we're taking it to the next level with the friend comparison,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 2: Provide Concrete Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you get people's attention, they need specific recommendations to take action on – and those recommendations need to be doable, say Yates. \"People don't want data, they want insights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I always joke that my mom is my litmus test. And I know that she would never spend a minute looking at raw energy data. But what she would love to find out is that her freezer is very energy intensive and it would be worth it to buy a new one,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opower is working with PG&E to roll out a new web portal to customers by the end of the year. Using smart meter data, they can analyze a household's energy use and break it into four categories: heating, cooling, base load (like refrigerator and DVR) and everything else (like lighting and TV watching).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating and cooling makes up half of a home's energy use on average. Yates says reducing your heating and cooling load is one of the easiest ways to save energy and reduce your bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 3: Get Information Out There\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The average customer isn't getting up in the morning and checking their energy use data,\" says Yates. Emails, text messages and plain old snail mail are crucial for getting customers to pay attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Dresselhuys says mobile devices, including iPhone apps, are making it much easier. \"You can get a text if your electricity usage is getting high. Or the utility can send a message on peak days when they need customers to conserve energy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Letting customers know what their bill will be is also a good way to get their attention. \"Today, getting your utility bill is like shopping for groceries all month long and never seeing a bill until the end of the month,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 4: Set a Goal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember those gold stars in elementary school? It turns out we still like to be rewarded when we achieve something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we see is that getting people to go after a goal, even 5%, has a big impact,\" says Yates. When they track a customer's progress towards a goal, Yates says it helps them save energy, no matter the size of the goal. \"It's applicable even if you're at the very bottom of the pile and use a ton of energy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 5: Tell People When They Do Well but Don't Overdo it\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say you're super energy efficient, turning off lights and power strips in your house with unrelenting dedication. If your utility tells you that you're head and shoulders above everyone else, chances are you'll stop trying so hard. \"This was a concerning outcome of earlier studies we did,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been seen in other scenarios. There was an anti-drinking campaign called ‘two beers is enough' at college campuses. There were non-drinkers who started thinking ‘if the campus is telling me two is enough, maybe I should drink more beer,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've designed our reports so everyone has a goal in front of them,\" says Yates. It's always good to reward people for doing a good job, but Yates says they stay away from telling people if they're achieving way above expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 6: The Smart Grid is Probably Smarter without Consumers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home automation, as its known, is almost a holy grail for utilities. If technology can take care of energy conservation, then customers don't have do remember to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that on peak days, when the utility needs to conserve energy, it can send a message to a customer's smart meter. The meter is connected to the thermostat over a Home Area Network, so the thermostat adjusts itself by a few degrees to conserve electricity. Customers can opt-out anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the carrot and stick in this case comes in the form of a varied pricing plan. During hot afternoons or so-called \"peak events,\" electricity would be more expensive. So the customer has the potential to save money by shifting their energy use later in the evening when power is cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dresselhuys says they saw the potential of this in a pilot with Oklahoma Gas & Electric customers. \"The more automation in the home, the higher the level of savings. Using that home automation about doubles the amount of money they can save,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Radio6-2-EnergyBehavior2//_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x423\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"423\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think that saving the planet would be enough of a reason to guilt us into energy conservation. But it turns out that our competitive streak is a bigger motivator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies' websites show customers how their energy use compares to similar houses in their neighborhood. Don't worry - they're not publishing exactly how much electricity the Smiths use down the street. But the companies say knowing how you compare to others is a powerful motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not shame,\" says Yates of Opower. \"It is really just recognizing an addressable opportunity to reduce usage. If I have a $250 utility bill, I don't really know how much I can save. But as soon as I know that a similar home in my neighborhood is paying $150, suddenly I feel like I have an addressable gap of $100 that I want to pay attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called \"normative comparison\" in the behavioral science world. And Dresselhuys agrees. \"People don't like to lose. People start to wonder why they use so much more than their neighbor does and they start to dig into it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opower is rolling out new social features later this year that allow customers to compare themselves to friends on Facebook. \"It puts the information in a context that's relevant to people. We've seen the power of the neighbor comparison and we're taking it to the next level with the friend comparison,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 2: Provide Concrete Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you get people's attention, they need specific recommendations to take action on – and those recommendations need to be doable, say Yates. \"People don't want data, they want insights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I always joke that my mom is my litmus test. And I know that she would never spend a minute looking at raw energy data. But what she would love to find out is that her freezer is very energy intensive and it would be worth it to buy a new one,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opower is working with PG&E to roll out a new web portal to customers by the end of the year. Using smart meter data, they can analyze a household's energy use and break it into four categories: heating, cooling, base load (like refrigerator and DVR) and everything else (like lighting and TV watching).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating and cooling makes up half of a home's energy use on average. Yates says reducing your heating and cooling load is one of the easiest ways to save energy and reduce your bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 3: Get Information Out There\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The average customer isn't getting up in the morning and checking their energy use data,\" says Yates. Emails, text messages and plain old snail mail are crucial for getting customers to pay attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Dresselhuys says mobile devices, including iPhone apps, are making it much easier. \"You can get a text if your electricity usage is getting high. Or the utility can send a message on peak days when they need customers to conserve energy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Letting customers know what their bill will be is also a good way to get their attention. \"Today, getting your utility bill is like shopping for groceries all month long and never seeing a bill until the end of the month,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 4: Set a Goal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember those gold stars in elementary school? It turns out we still like to be rewarded when we achieve something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we see is that getting people to go after a goal, even 5%, has a big impact,\" says Yates. When they track a customer's progress towards a goal, Yates says it helps them save energy, no matter the size of the goal. \"It's applicable even if you're at the very bottom of the pile and use a ton of energy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 5: Tell People When They Do Well but Don't Overdo it\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say you're super energy efficient, turning off lights and power strips in your house with unrelenting dedication. If your utility tells you that you're head and shoulders above everyone else, chances are you'll stop trying so hard. \"This was a concerning outcome of earlier studies we did,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been seen in other scenarios. There was an anti-drinking campaign called ‘two beers is enough' at college campuses. There were non-drinkers who started thinking ‘if the campus is telling me two is enough, maybe I should drink more beer,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've designed our reports so everyone has a goal in front of them,\" says Yates. It's always good to reward people for doing a good job, but Yates says they stay away from telling people if they're achieving way above expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 6: The Smart Grid is Probably Smarter without Consumers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home automation, as its known, is almost a holy grail for utilities. If technology can take care of energy conservation, then customers don't have do remember to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that on peak days, when the utility needs to conserve energy, it can send a message to a customer's smart meter. The meter is connected to the thermostat over a Home Area Network, so the thermostat adjusts itself by a few degrees to conserve electricity. Customers can opt-out anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the carrot and stick in this case comes in the form of a varied pricing plan. During hot afternoons or so-called \"peak events,\" electricity would be more expensive. So the customer has the potential to save money by shifting their energy use later in the evening when power is cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dresselhuys says they saw the potential of this in a pilot with Oklahoma Gas & Electric customers. \"The more automation in the home, the higher the level of savings. Using that home automation about doubles the amount of money they can save,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/10/2011-10-10-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25820\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Smart-home-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25820\" title=\"Smart-home-640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Smart-home-640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \"smart\" demonstration home set up by Southern California Edison. (Photo: Lauren Sommer)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's electric utilities have installed more than 11 million smart meters in homes and businesses around the state. Which means for the first time, customers can see how much electricity they're using every hour, instead of once-a-month when the bill comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers use less energy, studies have shown, when they can see that real-time data. But getting customers to pay attention in the first place may be the biggest hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital smart meters provide a stream of energy use data, which industry analysts say has the potential to remake our homes. That's evident just outside of Los Angeles, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.sce.com/default.htm\">Southern California Edison\u003c/a> has set up a \"smart\" demonstration home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Above us we have photovoltaic solar panels to the left used for generating electricity and a solar thermal water heating system,\" says Cynthia Miller as she leads a tour of the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.sce.com/b-sb/energy-centers/ctac/tour-ctac/smart-energy-experience.htm\">Smart Energy Experience\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You might notice that we have some nice appliances,\" she says, pointing to the kitchen. The house is a green gadget-lovers dream. There's an electric car in the garage, LED lights, and a \"smart\" washing machine that communicates with the dryer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're able to talk to each other so the washer can tell the dryer what its washing and the dryer can determine the optimal heat setting for that particular load of laundry,\" Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a small screen in the kitchen that shows how much power the house is using at any given moment. Miller demonstrates what happens when you turn the toaster on. \"And we'll see a jump here... and there we go. The jump happened and it's 1.7 kilowatts at 41 cents per hour.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real intelligence of this house is its ability to communicate with the electric grid through its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdge.com/smartmeter/homeAreaNetwork.shtml\">Home Area Network\u003c/a>. So on a hot summer day, when SCE is cranking out power, the utility could send a message to your house that kicks your home into conservation mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You notice my lights have dimmed, the ceiling fan turned on, the shades are coming down,\" says Miller. The thermostat turns up to 73 degrees and the air-conditioning shuts off. SCE would offer this as a voluntary program with financial incentives to sweeten the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, what we anticipate is the awareness is really going to drive a change in behavior for our customers because this information is compelling,\" says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Swimming in a Sea of Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, our homes today aren't quite as advanced. That's evident every time I log into my \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\">PG&E SmartMeter account\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25873\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/PGE-current21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25873\" title=\"PGE current2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/PGE-current21.jpg\" alt=\"My home energy use on PG&E's website.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My home energy use on PG&E's website.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My account shows charts of my home's daily and hourly energy use. But, for the average consumer like me, it doesn't tell me a lot. I see a few spikes in the chart where clearly my husband and I used more electricity, but what caused it? Neither of us could figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For most people, including for me, that really is not very useful information,\" says Jim Sweeney, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://peec.stanford.edu/index.php\">Precourt Energy Efficiency Center\u003c/a> at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that consumers reduce their energy use by as much as 10 percent when they have smart meter data like mine. Sweeney says they also studied that with a group of Google employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The results have been very disappointing. In the first month, there was a significant reduction of energy use, but by end of three or four months, they were back to the same amount. This becomes an interesting toy or gimmick for people at first, but then they get tired of doing it and they revert right back to the old behavior patterns,\" Sweeney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No One Said Change Was Easy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney says using electricity in our homes is a lot like going grocery shopping in a store with no price tags. \"There are flank steak and chuck steak and hamburger. But you've never seen a price tag ever in a grocery store. How good a shopper would you be with that little information?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are reasons to pay attention to energy, whether it's to reduce your carbon footprint or save money on your utility bill. But even though electricity may seem expensive, Sweeney says it's only a small part of the average household's income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use 2.3 percent of our disposable personal income for electricity, natural gas and all other energy in the house. So if you have work hard to save that, you're probably not going to do it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney believes the key is to attach a price tag to the decisions we make the second we make them. So, if you turn up your air conditioning, the thermostat tells you how much more you're spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology to do that isn't far away. Today's smart meters already have the capability to talk to your house through a home area network. The California Public Utilities Commission also \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/published/News_release/140316.htm\">recently ruled\u003c/a> that utilities must make customers' energy use data available to third-party companies that sell home energy management systems, if a customer purchases one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But utilities have a long way to go to get customers to think this way. Only 20 percent of PG&E customers have set up online accounts. And according to one study, consumers interact with their utilities for only six minutes a year on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clean Tech Companies Search for the Secret Recipe\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to get it right when we have those six minutes,\" says Dan Yates, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://opower.com/\">Opower\u003c/a>, a smart grid technology company that's trying to find the secret sauce of behavioral change. PG&E has hired Opower to redesign the website I was looking at. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">Check out a preview here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People don't want data, they want insights. So, I always joke that my mom is my litmus test. And I know that she would never spend a minute looking at raw energy data. But what she would love to find out is that her freezer is very energy intensive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with other utilities, Opower says their program has helped households cut their energy use by one to three percent and the change sticks. They do that by showing customers how their energy use compares to similar homes in their neighborhood. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">More about what motivates us\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not shame. It is really just recognizing an addressable opportunity to reduce usage. And then when you start to have people's attention, the key comes down to have relevant, targeting insights,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yates says for utilities that are used to dealing with hardware, working with behavioral science is a new challenge. But it's one with the potential to remake the way we consume energy. PG&E's redesigned SmartMeter website will be available by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Smart meters are providing California households with their hourly and daily energy use information for the first time. Consumers use less electricity, studies have shown, when they can see that data. But getting them to pay attention to energy in the first place may be the biggest hurdle.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/10/2011-10-10-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25820\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Smart-home-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25820\" title=\"Smart-home-640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Smart-home-640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \"smart\" demonstration home set up by Southern California Edison. (Photo: Lauren Sommer)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's electric utilities have installed more than 11 million smart meters in homes and businesses around the state. Which means for the first time, customers can see how much electricity they're using every hour, instead of once-a-month when the bill comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers use less energy, studies have shown, when they can see that real-time data. But getting customers to pay attention in the first place may be the biggest hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital smart meters provide a stream of energy use data, which industry analysts say has the potential to remake our homes. That's evident just outside of Los Angeles, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.sce.com/default.htm\">Southern California Edison\u003c/a> has set up a \"smart\" demonstration home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Above us we have photovoltaic solar panels to the left used for generating electricity and a solar thermal water heating system,\" says Cynthia Miller as she leads a tour of the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.sce.com/b-sb/energy-centers/ctac/tour-ctac/smart-energy-experience.htm\">Smart Energy Experience\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You might notice that we have some nice appliances,\" she says, pointing to the kitchen. The house is a green gadget-lovers dream. There's an electric car in the garage, LED lights, and a \"smart\" washing machine that communicates with the dryer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're able to talk to each other so the washer can tell the dryer what its washing and the dryer can determine the optimal heat setting for that particular load of laundry,\" Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a small screen in the kitchen that shows how much power the house is using at any given moment. Miller demonstrates what happens when you turn the toaster on. \"And we'll see a jump here... and there we go. The jump happened and it's 1.7 kilowatts at 41 cents per hour.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real intelligence of this house is its ability to communicate with the electric grid through its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdge.com/smartmeter/homeAreaNetwork.shtml\">Home Area Network\u003c/a>. So on a hot summer day, when SCE is cranking out power, the utility could send a message to your house that kicks your home into conservation mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You notice my lights have dimmed, the ceiling fan turned on, the shades are coming down,\" says Miller. The thermostat turns up to 73 degrees and the air-conditioning shuts off. SCE would offer this as a voluntary program with financial incentives to sweeten the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, what we anticipate is the awareness is really going to drive a change in behavior for our customers because this information is compelling,\" says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Swimming in a Sea of Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, our homes today aren't quite as advanced. That's evident every time I log into my \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\">PG&E SmartMeter account\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25873\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/PGE-current21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25873\" title=\"PGE current2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/PGE-current21.jpg\" alt=\"My home energy use on PG&E's website.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My home energy use on PG&E's website.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My account shows charts of my home's daily and hourly energy use. But, for the average consumer like me, it doesn't tell me a lot. I see a few spikes in the chart where clearly my husband and I used more electricity, but what caused it? Neither of us could figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For most people, including for me, that really is not very useful information,\" says Jim Sweeney, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://peec.stanford.edu/index.php\">Precourt Energy Efficiency Center\u003c/a> at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that consumers reduce their energy use by as much as 10 percent when they have smart meter data like mine. Sweeney says they also studied that with a group of Google employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The results have been very disappointing. In the first month, there was a significant reduction of energy use, but by end of three or four months, they were back to the same amount. This becomes an interesting toy or gimmick for people at first, but then they get tired of doing it and they revert right back to the old behavior patterns,\" Sweeney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No One Said Change Was Easy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney says using electricity in our homes is a lot like going grocery shopping in a store with no price tags. \"There are flank steak and chuck steak and hamburger. But you've never seen a price tag ever in a grocery store. How good a shopper would you be with that little information?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are reasons to pay attention to energy, whether it's to reduce your carbon footprint or save money on your utility bill. But even though electricity may seem expensive, Sweeney says it's only a small part of the average household's income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use 2.3 percent of our disposable personal income for electricity, natural gas and all other energy in the house. So if you have work hard to save that, you're probably not going to do it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney believes the key is to attach a price tag to the decisions we make the second we make them. So, if you turn up your air conditioning, the thermostat tells you how much more you're spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology to do that isn't far away. Today's smart meters already have the capability to talk to your house through a home area network. The California Public Utilities Commission also \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/published/News_release/140316.htm\">recently ruled\u003c/a> that utilities must make customers' energy use data available to third-party companies that sell home energy management systems, if a customer purchases one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But utilities have a long way to go to get customers to think this way. Only 20 percent of PG&E customers have set up online accounts. And according to one study, consumers interact with their utilities for only six minutes a year on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clean Tech Companies Search for the Secret Recipe\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to get it right when we have those six minutes,\" says Dan Yates, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://opower.com/\">Opower\u003c/a>, a smart grid technology company that's trying to find the secret sauce of behavioral change. PG&E has hired Opower to redesign the website I was looking at. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">Check out a preview here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People don't want data, they want insights. So, I always joke that my mom is my litmus test. And I know that she would never spend a minute looking at raw energy data. But what she would love to find out is that her freezer is very energy intensive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with other utilities, Opower says their program has helped households cut their energy use by one to three percent and the change sticks. They do that by showing customers how their energy use compares to similar homes in their neighborhood. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">More about what motivates us\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not shame. It is really just recognizing an addressable opportunity to reduce usage. And then when you start to have people's attention, the key comes down to have relevant, targeting insights,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yates says for utilities that are used to dealing with hardware, working with behavioral science is a new challenge. But it's one with the potential to remake the way we consume energy. PG&E's redesigned SmartMeter website will be available by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/04/science-hack-day-coming-this-november-2/beaker-wallpaper-myconfinedspace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25675\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/beaker-wallpaper-MyconfinedSpace-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"beaker\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-25675\">\u003c/a>Are you an armchair astronomer, genome enthusiast or molecular gastronomist? If so, \u003ca href=\"http://sf.sciencehackday.com/when-where/\">Science Hack Day\u003c/a> is back in San Francisco this November for science lovers of all stripes to give it their all in a 48 hour science hack fest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From November 12 - 13th, you'll spend 48 hours meeting similar minds, bringing together ideas and trying to show off your new creation at the end of it all. It's fast, furious and nonstop (and should probably be sponsored by Red Bull).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Registration is limited. You can register on its site and check out some of the cool projects being proposed for this year. They include an International Space Station Notify Globe, Hacking your Genome, Geoscience Hardware Hacks and more. Have you got a great science idea to hack on? Contribute it to the Science Hack Day \u003ca href=\"http://sciencehackday.pbworks.com/w/page/45740104/SFideas\">wiki\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/04/science-hack-day-coming-this-november-2/beaker-wallpaper-myconfinedspace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25675\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/beaker-wallpaper-MyconfinedSpace-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"beaker\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-25675\">\u003c/a>Are you an armchair astronomer, genome enthusiast or molecular gastronomist? If so, \u003ca href=\"http://sf.sciencehackday.com/when-where/\">Science Hack Day\u003c/a> is back in San Francisco this November for science lovers of all stripes to give it their all in a 48 hour science hack fest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From November 12 - 13th, you'll spend 48 hours meeting similar minds, bringing together ideas and trying to show off your new creation at the end of it all. It's fast, furious and nonstop (and should probably be sponsored by Red Bull).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Registration is limited. You can register on its site and check out some of the cool projects being proposed for this year. They include an International Space Station Notify Globe, Hacking your Genome, Geoscience Hardware Hacks and more. Have you got a great science idea to hack on? Contribute it to the Science Hack Day \u003ca href=\"http://sciencehackday.pbworks.com/w/page/45740104/SFideas\">wiki\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I hesitatingly looked at the weather report the night before. I knew we might be in for it. No rain was forecast but the swell looked bigger than I hoped. So as the sun was rising over Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay, it was some trepidation that I sighed and boarded the fishing vessel Donna Kathleen. Morning coffees were passed out to those who wanted them and we cast off. 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Their collective mission was to survey areas of the newly established Marine Protected Areas approximately 2 miles off the North-Central California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/\">Marine Protected Areas\u003c/a>, or “MPAs,” have recently been set aside up and down the coast of California. These are essentially restricted no-fishing zones that have been established to allow fish to breed and grow big with the idea that they will be able replenish State waters. This is different from the standard fishery management practices of the past in that it is aimed to protect entire ecosystems all of the time instead of managing one type of fish at certain times of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science seems to back up the theory. In other parts of the world, marine protected areas have shown success in fish populations growing in both number and size. 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As the boat came to a stop and tilt-a-whirl pitched in the rolling swell, QUEST Associate Producer Josh Cassidy, Audio Tech Eric Limcaoco and I each turned a shade of sea-green and quietly moved to the gunwales to “feed the fish.” We’d basically be out of commission for the rest of the voyage. Thankfully our iron-gutted cameraman, Blake McHugh was able to go on business as usual so were able to capture all the goings-on as the ROV was manhandled and dropped into the deep blue. In a short time it would begin sending amazing images of life on the sea floor back to the scientists watching on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an unusual crew, a blend of rough handed fishermen and conservation biologists working together. The object is to get a \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/\">baseline \u003c/a>of what is currently living in the MPAs and surrounding areas. In a couple years, and moving forward, scientists can return and survey the same areas to see how, or if, the MPAs are working. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/resmanissues/lostgear.html\">partnership\u003c/a> of fishermen and scientists is something worth noting. These are two groups that have often been at odds during the establishment of the MPAs. But for fisherman Tim Maricich, temporarily converting his fishing boat into a research vessel now made sense. “So research-fishing, fishing-research, in our minds it’s the same. We treat the Beagle like we would a piece of fishing gear. It’s like a large crab trap... If the crab trap was maneuverable and had cameras.” The scientists have been able to access the fisherman's decades-long experience in these waters. And Captain Maricich has been able to have direct input on where data is collected and oversee the operation. “It’s very important for the fishing public to see that this kind of research is being done honestly. It’s imperative to build trust, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This partnership is reflective in another taking place now further North in Ft. Bragg. \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/2010/05/central-coast-groundfish-project/\">The Central Groundfish Project \u003c/a>is bringing conservationists and fisherman together to develop a new pooled quota system to improve fishery sustainability. The hope is to keep fishermen working while not over fishing. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/california/\">The Nature Conservancy \u003c/a>has been working with The Fort Bragg Groundfish Association and the Central Coast Sustainable Groundfish Association to provide scientific data and create a community-focused fishing agreement – called a risk pool – that takes a cooperative approach between local fishery stakeholders to help protect our marine resources. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly every fisherman will tell you the same thing; they want strong vibrant fisheries and a healthy environment. They will tell you they want to pass it on to the next generation and none of them want to contribute to a collapse. While there might be arguments about how to fix certain problems, or even if they need to be fixed, the new partnerships and the trust being established now may lead to better understanding. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I hesitatingly looked at the weather report the night before. I knew we might be in for it. No rain was forecast but the swell looked bigger than I hoped. So as the sun was rising over Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay, it was some trepidation that I sighed and boarded the fishing vessel Donna Kathleen. Morning coffees were passed out to those who wanted them and we cast off. As the plucky ship made its way beyond the break, I met with captain \u003ca href=\"http://artliveshere.org/profiles/tim_maricich_bio.html\">Tim Maricich\u003c/a>, the crew, and the two scientists we’d be profiling; Dirk Rosen from \u003ca href=\"http://www.maregroup.org/\">Marine Applied Research and Exploration\u003c/a>, the non-profit who builds and pilots the underwater remotely operated vehicles used to survey the sea floor, and Professor \u003ca href=\"http://sep.csumb.edu/staff/james/\">James Lindholm\u003c/a>, from the \u003ca href=\"http://sep.csumb.edu/ifame/index.php\">Institute of Applied Marine Ecology\u003c/a> at California State University Monterey Bay, who is in charge of chronicling and interpreting everything the ROV encounters. Their collective mission was to survey areas of the newly established Marine Protected Areas approximately 2 miles off the North-Central California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/\">Marine Protected Areas\u003c/a>, or “MPAs,” have recently been set aside up and down the coast of California. These are essentially restricted no-fishing zones that have been established to allow fish to breed and grow big with the idea that they will be able replenish State waters. This is different from the standard fishery management practices of the past in that it is aimed to protect entire ecosystems all of the time instead of managing one type of fish at certain times of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science seems to back up the theory. In other parts of the world, marine protected areas have shown success in fish populations growing in both number and size. In one case in Mexico, this type of program has been scientifically proven to be successful in bringing back big fish in greater numbers. No-take zones in a Mexican national marine park that had previously been over fished became what they called “large-fish factories.” According to one report, “after 10 years, the area filled back up with big fish – 1,070 percent more fish.” As Dirk Rosen said on our trip, “We want places here where these BOFFs, Big Old Fat Females, can grow big and breed more.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Donna Kathleen neared its first survey spot and the energy picked up as the crew readied the ROV, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.mnn.com/local-reports/california/nature-conservancy/new-underwater-robot-named-beagle-in-honor-of-darwin%E2%80%99s\">“Beagle,”\u003c/a> for launch. As the boat came to a stop and tilt-a-whirl pitched in the rolling swell, QUEST Associate Producer Josh Cassidy, Audio Tech Eric Limcaoco and I each turned a shade of sea-green and quietly moved to the gunwales to “feed the fish.” We’d basically be out of commission for the rest of the voyage. Thankfully our iron-gutted cameraman, Blake McHugh was able to go on business as usual so were able to capture all the goings-on as the ROV was manhandled and dropped into the deep blue. In a short time it would begin sending amazing images of life on the sea floor back to the scientists watching on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an unusual crew, a blend of rough handed fishermen and conservation biologists working together. The object is to get a \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/\">baseline \u003c/a>of what is currently living in the MPAs and surrounding areas. In a couple years, and moving forward, scientists can return and survey the same areas to see how, or if, the MPAs are working. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/resmanissues/lostgear.html\">partnership\u003c/a> of fishermen and scientists is something worth noting. These are two groups that have often been at odds during the establishment of the MPAs. But for fisherman Tim Maricich, temporarily converting his fishing boat into a research vessel now made sense. “So research-fishing, fishing-research, in our minds it’s the same. We treat the Beagle like we would a piece of fishing gear. It’s like a large crab trap... If the crab trap was maneuverable and had cameras.” The scientists have been able to access the fisherman's decades-long experience in these waters. And Captain Maricich has been able to have direct input on where data is collected and oversee the operation. “It’s very important for the fishing public to see that this kind of research is being done honestly. It’s imperative to build trust, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This partnership is reflective in another taking place now further North in Ft. Bragg. \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/2010/05/central-coast-groundfish-project/\">The Central Groundfish Project \u003c/a>is bringing conservationists and fisherman together to develop a new pooled quota system to improve fishery sustainability. The hope is to keep fishermen working while not over fishing. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/california/\">The Nature Conservancy \u003c/a>has been working with The Fort Bragg Groundfish Association and the Central Coast Sustainable Groundfish Association to provide scientific data and create a community-focused fishing agreement – called a risk pool – that takes a cooperative approach between local fishery stakeholders to help protect our marine resources. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly every fisherman will tell you the same thing; they want strong vibrant fisheries and a healthy environment. They will tell you they want to pass it on to the next generation and none of them want to contribute to a collapse. While there might be arguments about how to fix certain problems, or even if they need to be fixed, the new partnerships and the trust being established now may lead to better understanding. Some changes seem to be inevitable- whether it is less independence or the loss of a favorite fishing spot- but one thing probably wont ever change – and that’s the view I always have when leaning over the side.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fire is one of humankind’s first technologies. We have been staring into the proverbial campfire for thousands of years. Yet, surprisingly there seems to be much more to learn. And now it’s becoming even more important to our collective future that we know as much as we can about fire. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/aet/premixed.html\">dark lab\u003c/a> at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, engineers and mathematicians are developing new burners and studying different flames in hopes of better understanding the power of fire and how to make the most efficient flame possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combustion powers everything from cars to power plants. Improving the efficiency of those systems will help generate more power as well as reduce the amount of emissions produced by burning fossil fuels. In addition, today most power plants run on a single fuel type, say coal or gas. Power generators of the future will probably need to be more versatile and capable of running on multiple different types of fuels, such as hydrogen and natural gas, and move back and forth. Thus, the burners being developed here to study flame efficiency may also lead the way to more versatile power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Cheng, \u003ca href=\"https://ccse.lbl.gov/people/jbb/index.html\">John Bell \u003c/a> and the other team members have come together from different scientific disciplines; from mechanical engineering and mathematics to physics and chemistry, to develop these \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/aet/combustion/LSC-Info/\">innovative burners \u003c/a> and amazing \u003ca href=\"https://ccse.lbl.gov/index.html\">three-dimensional combustion simulations\u003c/a> that take advantage of some of the largest super computers in the world. The results are incredibly beautiful and mesmerizing models that one can get lost in staring at…. Much as one might get only when staring at that old campfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/26/arse-elektronika-sex-tech-conference-hits-sf/arse-elektronika-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25430\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Arse-Elektronika-1-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Arse Elektronika-1\" width=\"340\" height=\"160\" class=\"alignleft size-large wp-image-25430\">\u003c/a>On the heels of Folsom Street Fair, Arse Elektronika, an annual conference on sex, technology and culture arrives in San Francisco from September 29-October 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curious to know how sex and technology intersect? \u003ca href=\"http://www.monochrom.at/arse-elektronika/\">Arse Elektronika\u003c/a> is certain to titillate. This year's theme, \"screw the system\" looks to explore questions such as:\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\"What are the labor conditions of non-Western workers who make most of the world's sex toys? What's the environmental footprint of a technologically assisted orgasm? How does the criminalization or stigma of sex tech production harm the communities in which it is produced? What's the product life-cycle and planning horizon of sex tech? What are the barriers to entry for sex tech production? How important is intellectual property to sex tech, and how is it enforced?\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event kicks off its opening night with the Prixxx Arse award for the best in sex machines, orgasmotrons and teledildonics on Thursday, September 29th at Chez Poulet. The event is organized by the Austrian art collective, \u003ca href=\"http://www.monochrom.at/english/\">monochrom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talks at the event include such topics as \"Making a Mind Controlled Dildo\" and hands on workshops for the DIY crowd. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Arse Elektronika isn't going to please all, I can't imagine a city better suited for such an event. For the curious, you can check out the full schedule on Arse Elektronika's \u003ca href=\"http://www.monochrom.at/arse-elektronika/schedule.html\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "As Renewables Boom, California Struggles to Quit Coal",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/09/2011-09-26-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California is known for its “green” reputation. Just look at all the new solar and wind farms popping up around the state. So it might be a surprise that residents in Southern California still depend on coal power when they turn on the lights. The region’s utilities are struggling to wean themselves off coal energy. As Lauren Sommer reports for our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/coal-at-the-crossroads/\">Coal at the Crossroads\u003c/a>, utilities around the country may soon be facing the same battle.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25095\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Coal-Plant.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25095\" title=\"Coal Plant\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Coal-Plant-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The coal-fired San Juan Generating Station in New Mexico. (Photo: Matt Preusch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Massive coal-fired power plants aren’t something you’ll find within California’s borders. To find the source of the state’s coal power, you have to go to places like northern New Mexico, where the San Juan Generating Station is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We currently have unit four offline, but units one, two and three are operating at full load,” says Pat Themig, Vice President of Generation for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnm.com/\">PNM\u003c/a>, the New Mexico utility that runs the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you see the line where the stack is, everything going behind that is scrubber,” he says, pointing past a towering smokestack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those scrubbers remove pollutants from the air emissions. But PNM has struggled to meet air quality standards and last month, the Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnmresources.com/press/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=606130\">ordered the plant\u003c/a> to install new pollution control equipment. Those costs are generally passed on to the power plant owners, which, in this case, are utilities in Arizona, New Mexico and California. The San Juan Generating Station \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/powerplants/coal_plants_ownership.html\">supplies power to several California cities\u003c/a> and the Southern California Public Power Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People would be very surprised to know, particularly in Los Angeles, that historically, more of our electricity comes from coal fired power than from any other source,” says Evan Gillespie of the Sierra Club’s “Beyond Coal” campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Several decades ago, Los Angeles made a number of bad bets on coal fired power plants – that that would be the way of the future. That has clearly turned out to not be the case,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie is talking about one particular utility: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/homepage.jsp\">Los Angeles Department of Water and Power\u003c/a> (DWP). It’s the largest municipal utility in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Challenges for Los Angeles Utility \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get about 40 percent today from coal and that is all out of state coal,” says General Manager Ron Nichols. It comes from two coal-fired power plants, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.srpnet.com/about/stations/navajo.aspx\">Navajo Generating Station\u003c/a> in Arizona and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipautah.com/\">Intermountain Power Project\u003c/a> in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, coal has been attractive to utilities for two reasons: it’s reliable and cheap. “Coal tends to come around 5 to 6 cents a kilowatt hour. Our renewable portfolio today is around about 11 cents,” says Nichols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s changing, according to Nichols and most of the energy industry. Renewable energy is getting cheaper, while coal is getting more expensive due to stricter air pollution rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa set a goal for DWP. “I’m directing the CEO of the Department of Water and Power to take every action necessary to reach these goals and eliminate the use of coal by 2020.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting that 2020 goal isn’t something DWP managers have committed to. That’s because DWP’s contract with the Utah coal plant isn’t up until 2027. Nichols says ending it early is difficult because they have to negotiate with the plant’s many owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps the bigger challenge is: that coal power has to be replaced with something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a decade and a half, we’re going have replaced on the order of 70 percent of our total power supply. And for a utility that thinks in decades, that’s rocket fast,” says Nichols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWP must generate a third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020, according to state law. But the problem with solar and wind power is that it fluctuates. The sun doesn’t shine all the time and the wind stops blowing. Utilities often use electricity from natural gas power plants to fill in power gaps. But DWP has a problem there too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Billion-Dollar Revamp for Natural Gas Plants \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWP relies on three coastal natural gas power plants, including the Haynes Generating Station in Long Beach. The 1800-megawatt power plant was built more than 50 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we walk out here, I’ll show you how we get the ocean water,” says DWP projects manager Nazih Batarseh. “For these old power plants, we use ocean water for cooling. And then we return it back into the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique is known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/cwa316/\">once-through-cooling\u003c/a>. Everyday, almost 700 million gallons of seawater is pumped through power plant. That water holds fish larvae and plankton that die in the process. So last year, the State Water Resources Control Board ruled that coastal power plants must switch to a new cooling method over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge project. It is something that requires us to take plants down, plant by plant, and completely rebuild them. And those are plants that are key to our reliability,” says Nichols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Nichols says rebuilding three natural gas plants will cost DWP $2.2 billion dollars. The utility recently convinced the water board to \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/cwa316/\">give it an extension to 2029\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add that to investing in more renewable energy and moving away from coal power and it’s a challenging time for the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a transition that every utility in the country will make says,” Evan Gillespie of the Sierra Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie says Los Angeles’s challenges are a snapshot of what utilities around the country will be facing as the country gradually puts national global warming rules in place. And he says those that embrace renewable energy first will benefit the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these investments, while they create a lot of jobs, jobs that we desperately need, these are also investments that are going to modernize the utility. And I think the opportunity here in Los Angeles is to help provide that roadmap to help these other utilities around the country manage that transition,” says Gillespie.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/09/2011-09-26-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California is known for its “green” reputation. Just look at all the new solar and wind farms popping up around the state. So it might be a surprise that residents in Southern California still depend on coal power when they turn on the lights. The region’s utilities are struggling to wean themselves off coal energy. As Lauren Sommer reports for our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/coal-at-the-crossroads/\">Coal at the Crossroads\u003c/a>, utilities around the country may soon be facing the same battle.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25095\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Coal-Plant.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25095\" title=\"Coal Plant\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Coal-Plant-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The coal-fired San Juan Generating Station in New Mexico. (Photo: Matt Preusch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Massive coal-fired power plants aren’t something you’ll find within California’s borders. To find the source of the state’s coal power, you have to go to places like northern New Mexico, where the San Juan Generating Station is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We currently have unit four offline, but units one, two and three are operating at full load,” says Pat Themig, Vice President of Generation for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnm.com/\">PNM\u003c/a>, the New Mexico utility that runs the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you see the line where the stack is, everything going behind that is scrubber,” he says, pointing past a towering smokestack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those scrubbers remove pollutants from the air emissions. But PNM has struggled to meet air quality standards and last month, the Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnmresources.com/press/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=606130\">ordered the plant\u003c/a> to install new pollution control equipment. Those costs are generally passed on to the power plant owners, which, in this case, are utilities in Arizona, New Mexico and California. The San Juan Generating Station \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/powerplants/coal_plants_ownership.html\">supplies power to several California cities\u003c/a> and the Southern California Public Power Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People would be very surprised to know, particularly in Los Angeles, that historically, more of our electricity comes from coal fired power than from any other source,” says Evan Gillespie of the Sierra Club’s “Beyond Coal” campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Several decades ago, Los Angeles made a number of bad bets on coal fired power plants – that that would be the way of the future. That has clearly turned out to not be the case,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie is talking about one particular utility: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/homepage.jsp\">Los Angeles Department of Water and Power\u003c/a> (DWP). It’s the largest municipal utility in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Challenges for Los Angeles Utility \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get about 40 percent today from coal and that is all out of state coal,” says General Manager Ron Nichols. It comes from two coal-fired power plants, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.srpnet.com/about/stations/navajo.aspx\">Navajo Generating Station\u003c/a> in Arizona and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipautah.com/\">Intermountain Power Project\u003c/a> in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, coal has been attractive to utilities for two reasons: it’s reliable and cheap. “Coal tends to come around 5 to 6 cents a kilowatt hour. Our renewable portfolio today is around about 11 cents,” says Nichols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s changing, according to Nichols and most of the energy industry. Renewable energy is getting cheaper, while coal is getting more expensive due to stricter air pollution rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa set a goal for DWP. “I’m directing the CEO of the Department of Water and Power to take every action necessary to reach these goals and eliminate the use of coal by 2020.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting that 2020 goal isn’t something DWP managers have committed to. That’s because DWP’s contract with the Utah coal plant isn’t up until 2027. Nichols says ending it early is difficult because they have to negotiate with the plant’s many owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps the bigger challenge is: that coal power has to be replaced with something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a decade and a half, we’re going have replaced on the order of 70 percent of our total power supply. And for a utility that thinks in decades, that’s rocket fast,” says Nichols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWP must generate a third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020, according to state law. But the problem with solar and wind power is that it fluctuates. The sun doesn’t shine all the time and the wind stops blowing. Utilities often use electricity from natural gas power plants to fill in power gaps. But DWP has a problem there too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Billion-Dollar Revamp for Natural Gas Plants \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWP relies on three coastal natural gas power plants, including the Haynes Generating Station in Long Beach. The 1800-megawatt power plant was built more than 50 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we walk out here, I’ll show you how we get the ocean water,” says DWP projects manager Nazih Batarseh. “For these old power plants, we use ocean water for cooling. And then we return it back into the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique is known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/cwa316/\">once-through-cooling\u003c/a>. Everyday, almost 700 million gallons of seawater is pumped through power plant. That water holds fish larvae and plankton that die in the process. So last year, the State Water Resources Control Board ruled that coastal power plants must switch to a new cooling method over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge project. It is something that requires us to take plants down, plant by plant, and completely rebuild them. And those are plants that are key to our reliability,” says Nichols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Nichols says rebuilding three natural gas plants will cost DWP $2.2 billion dollars. The utility recently convinced the water board to \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/cwa316/\">give it an extension to 2029\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add that to investing in more renewable energy and moving away from coal power and it’s a challenging time for the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a transition that every utility in the country will make says,” Evan Gillespie of the Sierra Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie says Los Angeles’s challenges are a snapshot of what utilities around the country will be facing as the country gradually puts national global warming rules in place. And he says those that embrace renewable energy first will benefit the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24958\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/kcts-safe-haven-post-image-el300.jpg\" alt=\"sketch elevation of tower / berm\" title=\"kcts-safe-haven-post-image-el300\" width=\"300\" height=\"213\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24958\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proposed tower and berm structure by Ronald Kasprisin. Image courtesy of the Washington Emergency Management Division.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CAMP MURRAY, WASHINGTON- When natural disaster strikes, most of us instinctively run for the hills. But what if you live in the flats, and can't outrun or even out-drive a fast-approaching tsunami wave?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low-lying coast on the west coast of Washington state is one such region. Residents face both the risk of a major earthquake from the Cascadia fault, and tsunami waves predicted to pummel the shore only 30-40 minutes after the quake. John Schelling, Earthquake Program Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.emd.wa.gov/\">Washington State Emergency Management Division\u003c/a>, claims that when a tsunami is approaching, residents need to be prepared to evacuate—vertically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schelling worked with a team of engineers to plan a series of \u003ca href=\"https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/file/download/e466fc0f6a68c61dae189b1a0ab9d2b36c6c0502e30f0e6271fa76c56b903097?inline=1\">towers, buildings and berms\u003c/a> to provide a vertical escape option that is easily accessible and can withstand the massive force of a tsunami. The proposal, dubbed \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ProjectSafeHaven?ref=ts\">Project Safe Haven\u003c/a>,\" is well underway in Washington's coastal communities, including Ocean Shores and Westport where community members have come together to figure out what “heading for higher ground” will look like for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The community members themselves have been the drivers for a lot of the effort that’s gone on in the Safe Haven Project,” says Schelling. “We’ve tried to make sure all of these are multipurpose so that people interact with them on a daily basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there will be much more physics and engineering going into these buildings than meets the eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24950\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/kcts-safe-haven-post-map300.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"kcts-safe-haven-post-map300\" width=\"300\" height=\"489\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24950\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locations on Washington coast for proposed vertical evacuation structures. Image courtesy of the Washington Emergency Management Division. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The structures themselves have to be designed to withstand at least a magnitude 9 earthquake,” says Schelling. “You’re talking about a significant amount of geotechnical engineering and analysis to make sure the footings that are placed support the weight of the structure, as well as account for the forces that are coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designing a structure to withstand an earthquake of that size is a task in itself, but these buildings and towers will also then need to withstand the force of the approaching tsunami wave. The engineering answer to this challenge? “The ground floor would be sacrificial, the walls are designed to wash away, and allow water to flow in and out,” says Schelling. Meanwhile, the top floors, where the evacuees would be gathered, are left intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a different design concept than berms which are essentially small, hollow hills that can be easily accessed, including by those people who may have trouble quickly climbing to safety in towers or buildings. These structures will be strategically placed throughout the communities most vulnerable to a tsunami. The goal is not only to get as many people to safety as possible; it’s to get as many people to safety as quickly as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the berms would have the largest foot print on the landscape, they will be able to hold anywhere from 100 to 10,000 people above the water. The outer mound will be constructed from soil to provide a natural slope that can easily be climbed. Schelling says the inside will be a “reinforced concrete core” to keep the berm from collapsing during an earthquake and steady as the tsunami waves hit the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other benefit to berms is that the mound of earth, similar to the one in Gasworks Park in Seattle, can provide safety without looking too man-made and disrupting the natural environment. “It’s designed to blend in and provide a nice aesthetic to the natural and built environment that people love about the coast,” says Schelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these safe havens, the sky is the limit. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ProjectSafeHaven?sk=info\">Project Safe Haven: Tsunami Vertical Evacuation on the Washington Coast on Facebook\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.emd.wa.gov/preparedness/prep_tsunami_evacuation.shtml\">Washington Military Department: Emergency Management Division's Tsunami Evacuation Tips\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Colette Kent\u003c/strong>, intern at KCTS 9 and student at George Washington University, contributed to this blog.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24958\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/kcts-safe-haven-post-image-el300.jpg\" alt=\"sketch elevation of tower / berm\" title=\"kcts-safe-haven-post-image-el300\" width=\"300\" height=\"213\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24958\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proposed tower and berm structure by Ronald Kasprisin. Image courtesy of the Washington Emergency Management Division.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CAMP MURRAY, WASHINGTON- When natural disaster strikes, most of us instinctively run for the hills. But what if you live in the flats, and can't outrun or even out-drive a fast-approaching tsunami wave?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low-lying coast on the west coast of Washington state is one such region. Residents face both the risk of a major earthquake from the Cascadia fault, and tsunami waves predicted to pummel the shore only 30-40 minutes after the quake. John Schelling, Earthquake Program Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.emd.wa.gov/\">Washington State Emergency Management Division\u003c/a>, claims that when a tsunami is approaching, residents need to be prepared to evacuate—vertically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schelling worked with a team of engineers to plan a series of \u003ca href=\"https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/file/download/e466fc0f6a68c61dae189b1a0ab9d2b36c6c0502e30f0e6271fa76c56b903097?inline=1\">towers, buildings and berms\u003c/a> to provide a vertical escape option that is easily accessible and can withstand the massive force of a tsunami. The proposal, dubbed \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ProjectSafeHaven?ref=ts\">Project Safe Haven\u003c/a>,\" is well underway in Washington's coastal communities, including Ocean Shores and Westport where community members have come together to figure out what “heading for higher ground” will look like for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The community members themselves have been the drivers for a lot of the effort that’s gone on in the Safe Haven Project,” says Schelling. “We’ve tried to make sure all of these are multipurpose so that people interact with them on a daily basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there will be much more physics and engineering going into these buildings than meets the eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24950\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/kcts-safe-haven-post-map300.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"kcts-safe-haven-post-map300\" width=\"300\" height=\"489\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24950\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locations on Washington coast for proposed vertical evacuation structures. Image courtesy of the Washington Emergency Management Division. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The structures themselves have to be designed to withstand at least a magnitude 9 earthquake,” says Schelling. “You’re talking about a significant amount of geotechnical engineering and analysis to make sure the footings that are placed support the weight of the structure, as well as account for the forces that are coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designing a structure to withstand an earthquake of that size is a task in itself, but these buildings and towers will also then need to withstand the force of the approaching tsunami wave. The engineering answer to this challenge? “The ground floor would be sacrificial, the walls are designed to wash away, and allow water to flow in and out,” says Schelling. Meanwhile, the top floors, where the evacuees would be gathered, are left intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a different design concept than berms which are essentially small, hollow hills that can be easily accessed, including by those people who may have trouble quickly climbing to safety in towers or buildings. These structures will be strategically placed throughout the communities most vulnerable to a tsunami. The goal is not only to get as many people to safety as possible; it’s to get as many people to safety as quickly as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the berms would have the largest foot print on the landscape, they will be able to hold anywhere from 100 to 10,000 people above the water. The outer mound will be constructed from soil to provide a natural slope that can easily be climbed. Schelling says the inside will be a “reinforced concrete core” to keep the berm from collapsing during an earthquake and steady as the tsunami waves hit the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other benefit to berms is that the mound of earth, similar to the one in Gasworks Park in Seattle, can provide safety without looking too man-made and disrupting the natural environment. “It’s designed to blend in and provide a nice aesthetic to the natural and built environment that people love about the coast,” says Schelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these safe havens, the sky is the limit. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ProjectSafeHaven?sk=info\">Project Safe Haven: Tsunami Vertical Evacuation on the Washington Coast on Facebook\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.emd.wa.gov/preparedness/prep_tsunami_evacuation.shtml\">Washington Military Department: Emergency Management Division's Tsunami Evacuation Tips\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Colette Kent\u003c/strong>, intern at KCTS 9 and student at George Washington University, contributed to this blog.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Induced Seismicity: Man-Made Earthquakes",
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"content": "\u003cp>In California, more renewable energy comes from geothermal energy than solar and wind, combined. Today, a new technology known as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_geothermal_system\">Enhanced Geothermal Systems\u003c/a> has the potential to extract even more heat and consequently energy to power steam turbines, but it’s not without challenges, including man-made earthquakes which are a consequence of breaking up rock more than a mile below the earth’s surface. Such earthquake activity is referred to as \"induced seismicity\" and can occur in other fields of energy production, including oil and natural gas production and hydropower. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most of these earthquake events are miniscule, registering less than a 2.0 in magnitude, occasionally, they can result in larger magnitude earthquakes, especially when the engineering activity which precipitates them occurs within the proximity of active fault zones. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., the buzz over Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) started ratcheting up after the publication of a \u003ca href=\"http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/future_geothermal.html\">2006 Department of Energy study\u003c/a> investigating its potential, spearheaded by researchers at M.I.T. Among their findings was that EGS could meet 10% of the U.S.' electricity supply by 2050. Ten percent doesn't seem to be that much but it would represent a 40-fold increase over the current amount of geothermal power being harnessed nationally and if realized, it could significantly boost the nation's efforts to wean itself off its carbon-heavy diet, with more than 60% of energy consumption in the U.S. currently coming from coal and petroleum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Department of Energy is spending millions of dollars to fund seven demonstration EGS projects, including a grant of $5.5 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.calpine.com/\">Calpine's\u003c/a> to develop the EGS field featured in our QUEST story on induced seismicity. Calpine has invested $9.5 million of its own money on the project, an impressive sum it's willing to spend to demonstrate the success of this green, renewable technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is how Calpine Senior Vice President Mike Rogers described the project's energy potential to me: \"We expect to produce between 5 to 7 megawatts of additional steam (which is) enough for a small city, say, 6,000 people (and) depending on what we find, possibly up to 50 megawatts in that part of the field.\" Calpine has measured a temperature of 725 degrees Fahrenheit at a depth of 11,000 feet at their new enhanced geothermal project site. That's roughly 300 degrees warmer than their other geothermal fields at the Geysers, and with more heat comes more energy potential. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calpine is working with Ernie Majer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> to monitor the risk of induced seismicity with additional, around-the-clock seismic monitoring next to their EGS production and injection wells located in the northwestern region of the Geysers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is proud of their efforts to reach out to nearby communities such as the town of Anderson Springs that are impacted by the year-round geothermal activities at the Geysers. Not only has Calpine created a seismic monitoring committee comprised of representatives from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USGS and community members to review recent earthquake activity in the vicinity of the Geysers, they also have set up a hotline to report earthquake activity and an annual fund which communities can use to pay for repairs to buildings and homes possibly damaged by earthquakes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should also be noted that Calpine has the support of some prominent members of Anderson Springs for the development of their EGS demonstration project. Jeff Gospe, the President of \u003ca href=\"http://www.andersonsprings.org/\">Anderson Springs Community Alliance\u003c/a>, wrote a letter of support for the project in September 2010 to Sonoma County District Supervisor Paul Kelly. Although Jeff and other community members still have concerns about seismicity in the southern portion of the Geysers, Jeff maintains that the work on the EGS demonstration project is an example of \"pro-community geothermal development\" that is far enough away to pose little risk to residents of the town. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the course of my research on the story, I discovered several international EGS projects, including two that are online in France and Germany. Given the concern with nuclear energy in the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi disaster in Japan, and the phasing out of nuclear energy programs in Germany, Italy and Switzerland, the need for more renewable energy sources like geothermal power becomes more pressing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as nuclear energy also reveals, no matter how green the energy source is, its exploitation must be safe for the public to get behind it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Ernie Majer of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory told me, \"Over the past 20 years, it started out as the (geothermal energy) industry almost ignored induced seismicity. But as the recent issues have come up, the industry has finally said, 'Alright, we need to deal with this properly and we need to take it very seriously.'\" \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In California, more renewable energy comes from geothermal energy than solar and wind, combined. Today, a new technology known as Enhanced Geothermal Systems has the potential to extract even more heat and consequently energy to power steam turbines, but it’s not without challenges.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In California, more renewable energy comes from geothermal energy than solar and wind, combined. Today, a new technology known as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_geothermal_system\">Enhanced Geothermal Systems\u003c/a> has the potential to extract even more heat and consequently energy to power steam turbines, but it’s not without challenges, including man-made earthquakes which are a consequence of breaking up rock more than a mile below the earth’s surface. Such earthquake activity is referred to as \"induced seismicity\" and can occur in other fields of energy production, including oil and natural gas production and hydropower. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most of these earthquake events are miniscule, registering less than a 2.0 in magnitude, occasionally, they can result in larger magnitude earthquakes, especially when the engineering activity which precipitates them occurs within the proximity of active fault zones. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., the buzz over Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) started ratcheting up after the publication of a \u003ca href=\"http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/future_geothermal.html\">2006 Department of Energy study\u003c/a> investigating its potential, spearheaded by researchers at M.I.T. Among their findings was that EGS could meet 10% of the U.S.' electricity supply by 2050. Ten percent doesn't seem to be that much but it would represent a 40-fold increase over the current amount of geothermal power being harnessed nationally and if realized, it could significantly boost the nation's efforts to wean itself off its carbon-heavy diet, with more than 60% of energy consumption in the U.S. currently coming from coal and petroleum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Department of Energy is spending millions of dollars to fund seven demonstration EGS projects, including a grant of $5.5 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.calpine.com/\">Calpine's\u003c/a> to develop the EGS field featured in our QUEST story on induced seismicity. Calpine has invested $9.5 million of its own money on the project, an impressive sum it's willing to spend to demonstrate the success of this green, renewable technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is how Calpine Senior Vice President Mike Rogers described the project's energy potential to me: \"We expect to produce between 5 to 7 megawatts of additional steam (which is) enough for a small city, say, 6,000 people (and) depending on what we find, possibly up to 50 megawatts in that part of the field.\" Calpine has measured a temperature of 725 degrees Fahrenheit at a depth of 11,000 feet at their new enhanced geothermal project site. That's roughly 300 degrees warmer than their other geothermal fields at the Geysers, and with more heat comes more energy potential. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calpine is working with Ernie Majer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> to monitor the risk of induced seismicity with additional, around-the-clock seismic monitoring next to their EGS production and injection wells located in the northwestern region of the Geysers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is proud of their efforts to reach out to nearby communities such as the town of Anderson Springs that are impacted by the year-round geothermal activities at the Geysers. Not only has Calpine created a seismic monitoring committee comprised of representatives from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USGS and community members to review recent earthquake activity in the vicinity of the Geysers, they also have set up a hotline to report earthquake activity and an annual fund which communities can use to pay for repairs to buildings and homes possibly damaged by earthquakes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should also be noted that Calpine has the support of some prominent members of Anderson Springs for the development of their EGS demonstration project. Jeff Gospe, the President of \u003ca href=\"http://www.andersonsprings.org/\">Anderson Springs Community Alliance\u003c/a>, wrote a letter of support for the project in September 2010 to Sonoma County District Supervisor Paul Kelly. Although Jeff and other community members still have concerns about seismicity in the southern portion of the Geysers, Jeff maintains that the work on the EGS demonstration project is an example of \"pro-community geothermal development\" that is far enough away to pose little risk to residents of the town. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the course of my research on the story, I discovered several international EGS projects, including two that are online in France and Germany. Given the concern with nuclear energy in the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi disaster in Japan, and the phasing out of nuclear energy programs in Germany, Italy and Switzerland, the need for more renewable energy sources like geothermal power becomes more pressing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as nuclear energy also reveals, no matter how green the energy source is, its exploitation must be safe for the public to get behind it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Ernie Majer of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory told me, \"Over the past 20 years, it started out as the (geothermal energy) industry almost ignored induced seismicity. But as the recent issues have come up, the industry has finally said, 'Alright, we need to deal with this properly and we need to take it very seriously.'\" \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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