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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/02/quest_elephantseal1.jpg\">\u003cem>A Northern Elephant Seal at Ano Nuevo State Park.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>On a sunny Tuesday, our education staff quietly slipped out the zoo door and headed south for an off-site enrichment day: a day to learn and be inspired by nature, in order to teach and inspire others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We headed west, then south down the coast to the site of the largest mainland breeding colony of the massive Northern Elephant Seal: \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Ano Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/learning/education/pinnipeds/noelephseal.asp\">Northern Elephant Seal\u003c/a> is named for the large, protruding nose, or proboscis on the male of the species. Like elephants, they are also gigantic. The bulls can grow up to 16 feet long and weigh up to 5000 lbs, while the females are much smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hike guided by a knowledgeable naturalist volunteer, Scott, our staff spent 1.5 hours traipsing over the dunes to see the winter breeding action of \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=elephant+seal+california&m=text\">this charismatic pinniped\u003c/a>. Getting respectfully close, we first saw what they referred to as \"Loser Males\". Though this term felt a bit un-PC (how about \"mating-challenged?\"), the idea is that these males are not old enough or savvy enough to be an alpha or beta male. They are simply not in the competition this year, so they lounge away from the females, thermo-regulating by flipping sand on themselves and holding fins up into the ocean breeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We then came upon a \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.topp.org/blog/isabels_pup_weaner\">pile of weaners\u003c/a>. This is another fine term used to describe the young pups that are newly weaned from Mom. These co-ed pods spend time losing some of their 300 lbs of milk fat while they learn to swim in the rain water pools. Born at 70 lbs, pups are nursed for a month or so before they gain weight and take on their new role as weaners. Some pups nurse from two or three females and gain up to 600 lbs. These are then dubbed Super Weaners. The weaners are the last to leave the site, waiting until the adults have gone to take their time swimming away in the salty waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Towards the shore the real show was on; Females (cows) gathered in harams, some nursing pups. Males (bulls) fought other males, or at least postured, in order to establish dominance and control of the harams. In one case, a masculine fellow came after another male, blubbering up towards him with full barks, only to then claim his seawater puddle. The fights between males are usually short, but very dramatic and violent. According to Scott, an Alpha Male Elephant Seal in mating-mode has more testosterone than any other mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our staff left feeling like weaners ourselves; happy and exhausted, but not as exhausted as Scott, whom I am sure has never fielded as many questions as he did for our staff!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breeding Season at Ano Nuevo is December 15-March 31. In spring and summer, the elephant seals return to molt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ano Nuevo Interpretive Program is excellent and popular. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Book a guided tour \u003c/a>and check out the dominance displays!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After your tour, visit the gift shop at the site. On your way home, I recommend the town of Pescadero for artichoke bread at Arc Angel Grocery Company & Bakery or the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.sangregoriostore.com/\">San Gregorio General Store\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\">latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.1266\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.3344\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Towards the shore the real show was on; Females (cows) gathered in harams, some nursing pups. Males (bulls) fought other males, or at least postured, in order to establish dominance and control of the harams. In one case, a masculine fellow came after another male, blubbering up towards him with full barks, only to then claim his seawater puddle. The fights between males are usually short, but very dramatic and violent. According to Scott, an Alpha Male Elephant Seal in mating-mode has more testosterone than any other mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our staff left feeling like weaners ourselves; happy and exhausted, but not as exhausted as Scott, whom I am sure has never fielded as many questions as he did for our staff!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breeding Season at Ano Nuevo is December 15-March 31. In spring and summer, the elephant seals return to molt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ano Nuevo Interpretive Program is excellent and popular. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Book a guided tour \u003c/a>and check out the dominance displays!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After your tour, visit the gift shop at the site. On your way home, I recommend the town of Pescadero for artichoke bread at Arc Angel Grocery Company & Bakery or the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.sangregoriostore.com/\">San Gregorio General Store\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\">latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.1266\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.3344\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Today, Quest launches a new part of our blog, \"Quest Picks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We scour the web and serve up the best of science, environment and nature content--from the Bay area and beyond--right to our readers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's pick is from YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Geographic, via YouTube, brings us the tale of Australia’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/500907/waterholding_frog_holds_large_quantities.html\">water-holding frog\u003c/a>. This plucky amphibian rarely sees rain, so when it does, it slurps enough liquid to double its weight. Then it digs a hole and hides in a shell made of its own shed skin. It can hibernate for up to two years, until the rainy season comes 'round again and it's time to look for a mate.Supposedly aboriginals even dig up the frogs when they need a drink--just squeeze and you've got fresh water!Check out the video of this amphibious camel for more on its amazing adaptations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuWo_kWMihs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amber Dance\u003c/strong> is the Quest Intern and a \u003ca href=\"http://scicom.ucsc.edu/\">science communication\u003c/a> student at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/em>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/02/blog_new_sengi.jpg\">\u003cem>newly discovered Rhynchocyon udzungwensis\u003cbr>\nthe grey-faced sengi\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Although enigmatic new species of insects are fairly common discoveries, many large animals have already made an appearance on the species list. Charismatic animals such as mammals are one of the most documented on the planet and it is now very rare to find a new species in this day and age. Yet in March 2006, Galen Rathbun of the California Academy of Sciences, along with Francesco Rovero of the Trento Musuem of Natural Science and a team of collaborators, confirmed a new mammal species - \u003cem>Rhynchocyon udzungwensis\u003c/em>, or the grey-faced sengi. Their discovery was recently published in the February 4 issue of The Journal of Zoology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sengis are commonly known as elephant-shrews. They were first associated with elephants because of their long flexible snouts that resemble that of an elephant's trunk. Moreover, recent molecular research has shown that sengis have more in common with elephants that the shrews they were originally associated with. Their closest relatives include elephants, sea cows, and the aardvark. Until now only 15 species of sengis were known to science. In 2005, the new sengi was first caught on film. Francesco Rovero of the Trento Museum of Natural Science had been setting up camera traps inside the remote Ndundulu Forest in Tanzania's Udzungwa Mountains in order to survey the region's forest mammals. When the camera recorded the unfamiliar sengi, he sent the photos to Rathbun for identification. Rathbun was sought after for his expertise - he has studied the ecology, social structure, and evolution of sengis for more than 30 years. Rathbun believed the sengi to be a new species and embarked on a two week expedition with a team of colleagues in March 2006 to confirm his belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were a few setbacks confirming the new sengi species. Rathbun had planned their trip for the dry season but the rains came early making the shrew harder to spot. The size of the sengi also posed a problem as the traps that were brought proved too small for the giant sengi. The grey-faced sengis weigh close to 1.5 pounds which is 25 percent larger than any other documented sengi. Therefore, more traditional twine snares had to be built to contain the giant sengi. Victory prevailed and the team was able to catch 4 animals and make 40 observations thus confirming the new species. \"This is one of the most exciting discoveries of my career,\" Rathbun says. \"It is the first new species of giant elephant-shrew to be discovered in more that 126 years. From the moment I first lifted one of the animals into our photography tent, I knew it must be a new species - not just because of its distinct coloring, but because it was so heavy!\" More information about this expedition and other Academy expeditions can be found at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/expeditions/\">http://www.calacademy.org/academy/expeditions/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_cata.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Cat Aboudara\u003c/strong> is the Special Projects Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and works in the public programs division. The Academy is a wonderful fit for her because of her curiosity about the natural world and her experience in working with native California wildlife.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/02/look-ma-dna.jpg\">\u003cem>Companies like GenoCAD allow users to piece together\u003cbr>\ntheir own designer DNA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Synthetic biology” seems like a contradiction in terms, doesn’t it? I mean, if it’s biological, it’s natural, right? And if it’s natural, then it’s not synthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure. Except that modern science has sorta blurred all those nice convenient boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing has demonstrated this more clearly than Craig Venter’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=longest-piece-of-dna-yet\">latest feat\u003c/a> of building out an entire bacterial genome from scratch. It’s the second episode of a three-part plan, devised by the venerable entrepreneur who brought the world its first look at the human genome, to create an organism with a manmade DNA sequence. First, he took a genome from one bacterium, stuck it into an empty cell, and then got it going. Now he’s pieced together a copy of the DNA of \u003cem>Mycoplasma genitalium\u003c/em>, the second-smallest known bacterial genome. The last in this troika of tricks will be to combine these two steps, inserting the manufactured genome into a cell and starting it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists believe that success in this endeavor will soon lead to the creation of organisms with new, artificial genomes. Couple that idea with the announcement that researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.scripps.edu/e_index.html\">Scripps\u003c/a> have devised two \u003ca href=\"http://technology.newscientist.com/article/dn13252-artificial-letters-added-to-lifes-alphabet.html\">new molecules\u003c/a> that can function as DNA bases and the question of what’s alive, even what counts as biology, gets a little fuzzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first heard about \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology\">synthetic biology\u003c/a> several years ago, at a lecture for science writers. The speaker had culled together sections of DNA that he hoped would produce a medically useful enzyme, inserted the sequences into a bacterial genome, then let the bug do its work copying the gene and producing the chemical, which the speaker could then harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemed to me to be a fundamentally different way of thinking about biology. Here was a scientist who wasn’t asking: “How does this work?” or “Isn’t the living world amazing?” He was asking: “How can I employ this system to manufacture a specific product for my benefit?” He was harnessing the ingenious mechanisms of biology as tools. Being able to put together sequences of DNA seemed akin to the invention of movable type, a letter here, a letter there, till you spell the words (or in this case, genes) you want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some level, I was offended by this, though I’m still not exactly sure why. It seemed like a disrespectful exploitation of life. Who are we to manipulate the code defining living things and make them do our bidding? And how far will we go with this? Will the precious genomes of my plants, or my pets, or even me for Godsakes be manipulated one day, ordered to pump out some substance that a distant researcher has deemed desirable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, I was fascinated. The potential this technique held for research was enough to send a geek’s mind reeling. What amazing ingenuity. What creative thinking. How wholly human, actually, to devise a new purpose for knowledge we’d gained. This engineering feat struck me as demonstrating a deep appreciation—almost a reverence for—the power within the systems that the living world has evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So there I was, conflicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, this process of connecting DNA bits together has become more commonplace. So common, in fact, that a variety of companies, like \u003ca href=\"http://slam.bs.jhmi.edu/gd/index.html\">Gene Design\u003c/a> and GenoCad invite you design a gene online and have it sent to you (Go ahead, try it. It’s easy to make up valid sequences.). This is, in fact, what Venter did: ordered sequences of DNA and pieced them together, discovering that he could make an exact copy of the genome he desired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Synthetic biology’s proponents promise microbes that can clean up pollution, produce drugs, signal changes in the environment, help with medical diagnoses, and a slew of other useful tasks. Its detractors fear the creation of new biological weapons, and new organisms that aren’t well understood but which may be able to reproduce and evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this sort of talk makes a sci-fi world of ready-made critters seem like it’s just around the corner, it’s easy to forget how much work remains before our best (or worst) dreams come true. Just because we can string functional bits of DNA together, even whole (though relatively small) genomes, doesn’t mean that we actually know much about how they work. Venter, after all, didn’t invent a new genome, he just put an already-known one together. The goal, of course, is to be able to someday make new genes that do specific things. But for the moment, synthetic biologists hope to use the technologies they’re developing to learn much more about how genes work in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does wait for us around the corner is a set of questions similar to those that accompany all new and emerging technologies. How do we create policy to protect ourselves from the risk but not quash research? Who decides what research directions and questions are most important to pursue? How do we create profit incentives for technology that benefits the common good?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And will I ever resolve my mixed feelings about this new science? 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first heard about \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology\">synthetic biology\u003c/a> several years ago, at a lecture for science writers. The speaker had culled together sections of DNA that he hoped would produce a medically useful enzyme, inserted the sequences into a bacterial genome, then let the bug do its work copying the gene and producing the chemical, which the speaker could then harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemed to me to be a fundamentally different way of thinking about biology. Here was a scientist who wasn’t asking: “How does this work?” or “Isn’t the living world amazing?” He was asking: “How can I employ this system to manufacture a specific product for my benefit?” He was harnessing the ingenious mechanisms of biology as tools. Being able to put together sequences of DNA seemed akin to the invention of movable type, a letter here, a letter there, till you spell the words (or in this case, genes) you want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some level, I was offended by this, though I’m still not exactly sure why. It seemed like a disrespectful exploitation of life. Who are we to manipulate the code defining living things and make them do our bidding? And how far will we go with this? Will the precious genomes of my plants, or my pets, or even me for Godsakes be manipulated one day, ordered to pump out some substance that a distant researcher has deemed desirable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, I was fascinated. The potential this technique held for research was enough to send a geek’s mind reeling. What amazing ingenuity. What creative thinking. How wholly human, actually, to devise a new purpose for knowledge we’d gained. This engineering feat struck me as demonstrating a deep appreciation—almost a reverence for—the power within the systems that the living world has evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So there I was, conflicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, this process of connecting DNA bits together has become more commonplace. So common, in fact, that a variety of companies, like \u003ca href=\"http://slam.bs.jhmi.edu/gd/index.html\">Gene Design\u003c/a> and GenoCad invite you design a gene online and have it sent to you (Go ahead, try it. It’s easy to make up valid sequences.). This is, in fact, what Venter did: ordered sequences of DNA and pieced them together, discovering that he could make an exact copy of the genome he desired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Synthetic biology’s proponents promise microbes that can clean up pollution, produce drugs, signal changes in the environment, help with medical diagnoses, and a slew of other useful tasks. Its detractors fear the creation of new biological weapons, and new organisms that aren’t well understood but which may be able to reproduce and evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this sort of talk makes a sci-fi world of ready-made critters seem like it’s just around the corner, it’s easy to forget how much work remains before our best (or worst) dreams come true. Just because we can string functional bits of DNA together, even whole (though relatively small) genomes, doesn’t mean that we actually know much about how they work. Venter, after all, didn’t invent a new genome, he just put an already-known one together. The goal, of course, is to be able to someday make new genes that do specific things. But for the moment, synthetic biologists hope to use the technologies they’re developing to learn much more about how genes work in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does wait for us around the corner is a set of questions similar to those that accompany all new and emerging technologies. How do we create policy to protect ourselves from the risk but not quash research? Who decides what research directions and questions are most important to pursue? How do we create profit incentives for technology that benefits the common good?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And will I ever resolve my mixed feelings about this new science? Is it better off that I don’t?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_robinm.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Robin Marks\u003c/strong> is a journalist and science writer who current serves as a Multimedia Projects Developer for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> in San Francisco, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">39.1067\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-77.1623\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/02/dnaevidence.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/01/24/2146032.htm\">ABC\u003c/a>, Yahoo! and others ran a story about a woman who had a liver transplant whose blood type ended up changing. I love stories like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not because of the change itself. Most likely, stem cells traveled from the new liver to the patient’s bone marrow. There, the stem cells set up shop and gave her a new blood type.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What intrigues me is what these types of stories mean for solving crimes. Because changed blood type usually means changed blood DNA. In other words, her blood cells now have different DNA from the other cells in her body. This can really confound an investigation if the police aren’t careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course this was a very rare event. But bone marrow transplants aren’t. And every bone marrow transplant results in blood cells with different DNA compared to the rest of the recipient’s cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine that someone who has had a bone marrow transplant does something wrong and leaves blood behind at the crime scene. The police do a cheek swab to gather DNA evidence and check it against the police DNA database as well as likely suspects (including our bone marrow recipient).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police don’t catch our bone marrow recipient because his cheek DNA is different than his new blood DNA. So he is off the hook (as long as the police don’t check the blood too). But they do get a match and arrest someone—the donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds weird but something almost like this \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=208%E2%80%9D\">complicated a case in Alaska\u003c/a> a few years ago. There was a serious crime and a semen sample from the crime scene matched a known criminal’s DNA. But the person whose DNA matched the DNA from the crime scene had a strong alibi…he was in jail at the time! So what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little further investigation showed that the guy in jail had received a bone marrow transplant from his brother. And his brother was the one who committed the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one worked out all right in the end. But what would have happened to the brother if he weren’t in jail at the time? Would an overworked public defender have figured something like this out? The guy was lucky he was already in jail!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So people with bone marrow transplants need to be careful. And the police need to be careful about what sample they take from suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_barry.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Dr. Barry Starr\u003c/strong> is a Geneticist-in-Residence at \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a> in San Jose, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">-33.8027\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">150.988\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.800833 -121.620833\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine that someone who has had a bone marrow transplant does something wrong and leaves blood behind at the crime scene. The police do a cheek swab to gather DNA evidence and check it against the police DNA database as well as likely suspects (including our bone marrow recipient).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police don’t catch our bone marrow recipient because his cheek DNA is different than his new blood DNA. So he is off the hook (as long as the police don’t check the blood too). But they do get a match and arrest someone—the donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds weird but something almost like this \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=208%E2%80%9D\">complicated a case in Alaska\u003c/a> a few years ago. There was a serious crime and a semen sample from the crime scene matched a known criminal’s DNA. But the person whose DNA matched the DNA from the crime scene had a strong alibi…he was in jail at the time! So what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little further investigation showed that the guy in jail had received a bone marrow transplant from his brother. And his brother was the one who committed the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one worked out all right in the end. But what would have happened to the brother if he weren’t in jail at the time? Would an overworked public defender have figured something like this out? The guy was lucky he was already in jail!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So people with bone marrow transplants need to be careful. And the police need to be careful about what sample they take from suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_barry.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Dr. Barry Starr\u003c/strong> is a Geneticist-in-Residence at \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a> in San Jose, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">-33.8027\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">150.988\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.800833 -121.620833\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why cell phones are bad for gorillas and how Eco-Cell is helping.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/gorilla-blog1.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got a cell phone? Then in your pocket or stuck to your ear is a metallic ore called Coltan, short for Columbite-tantalite, a vital component in the capacitors that control current flow in cell phone circuit boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your i-pod, laptop, DVD player and game console most likely also contain Coltan. This highly desired ore lives in the soils of the rain forest. 80% of Coltan comes from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalissues.org/Geopolitics/Africa/Articles/TheStandardColtan.asp\">Democratic Republic of the Congo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main area where Coltan is mined contains the \u003ca href=\"http://biega.com/biega-kahuzi.html\">Kahuzi Biega National Park\u003c/a>, home of the highly endangered Mountain \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla\">Gorilla\u003c/a>. In the Park, ground-clearing for mining operations has reduced food and habitat for the gorillas, cutting their numbers nearly in half. Mining has also displaced the local people, leading them to kill gorillas and sell the \"bush meat\" to the miners and rebel armies that control the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the Dem. Rep. of Congo as a whole, the number of Eastern Lowland Gorillas in eight national parks has declined by 90% over the past 5 years, leaving only 3000 gorillas total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is hope. Companies that use Coltan are beginning to demand that their Coltan only comes from a legitimately mined source and for that fact to be verified on the packaging, much like Dolphin Safe Tuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you can do currently is reduce and recycle. Reduce the amount of electronics, including cell phones, that you buy and recycle them when you are definitely done with them. Recycling these items helps\u003cbr>\neliminate the need for more mining and keeps them out of the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> is happy to take your old cell phone and recycle it through companies such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.cartridgesforkids.com/\">Cartridges for Kids\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.eco-cell.org\">Eco-Cell\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco-Cell, a Kentucky based company, works to help gorillas by encouraging cell phone recycling, educating about the issues and donating funds to support gorilla conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also help gorillas by attending a family friendly event at the Oakland Zoo, \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/news_and_events/detail/233\">Gorilla Doctors: Saving Endangered Great Apes\u003c/a>, featuring children’s author Pamela Turner and epidemiologist Dr. Lynne Gaffikin on February 6, 2008. Bring in a cell phone to recycle for a free raffle ticket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">-4.03833\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">21.7587\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the Dem. Rep. of Congo as a whole, the number of Eastern Lowland Gorillas in eight national parks has declined by 90% over the past 5 years, leaving only 3000 gorillas total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is hope. Companies that use Coltan are beginning to demand that their Coltan only comes from a legitimately mined source and for that fact to be verified on the packaging, much like Dolphin Safe Tuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you can do currently is reduce and recycle. Reduce the amount of electronics, including cell phones, that you buy and recycle them when you are definitely done with them. Recycling these items helps\u003cbr>\neliminate the need for more mining and keeps them out of the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> is happy to take your old cell phone and recycle it through companies such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.cartridgesforkids.com/\">Cartridges for Kids\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.eco-cell.org\">Eco-Cell\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco-Cell, a Kentucky based company, works to help gorillas by encouraging cell phone recycling, educating about the issues and donating funds to support gorilla conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also help gorillas by attending a family friendly event at the Oakland Zoo, \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/news_and_events/detail/233\">Gorilla Doctors: Saving Endangered Great Apes\u003c/a>, featuring children’s author Pamela Turner and epidemiologist Dr. Lynne Gaffikin on February 6, 2008. Bring in a cell phone to recycle for a free raffle ticket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">-4.03833\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">21.7587\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/anysurvey11.jpg\" width=\"220\" height=\"275\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Academy scientist Kelly Herbinson collects ants with a Bay Area science teacher\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the winter drags on, I often think fondly of a chilly Saturday in December where I found myself in a small alleyway in San Francisco trying to suck elusive ants into a rubber tube called a pooter. What was the point of this seemingly silly endeavor? I was leading a QUEST educator training with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\" target=\"_blank\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> (one of the more fun parts of my job).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was first introduced to the pooter, an insect catching device, last July at the California Academy of Sciences Nature Journaling workshop in the Trinity Alps and little did I know where it would lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nature Journaling workshop blended sketching and watercolor techniques with information about the natural area in which we camped. In addition to discovering I could actually be artistic (not one of my strong suits in the past) and falling in love with vegan cashew chili (I’m a big fan of meat), the highlight for me was learning how to catch small insects by sucking them into a vial at the end of a long rubber tube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This contraption, which includes a small piece of gauze between the vial and the rubber tubing, so you don’t suck the insect all the way into your lungs, is the aforementioned pooter. By the end of the workshop, we had planned a joint educator workshop using QUEST media about invasive species with the hands-on ant collecting activities from the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/education/baas/\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Ant Survey\u003c/a> and the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/anysurvey33.jpg\" width=\"160\" height=\"229\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">QUEST's Jessica Neely collects ants with a pooter\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fast forward four months. In early December, 29 Bay Area science educators gathered at the California Academy of Sciences to learn about Bay Area invasive species. We started the day off with QUEST’s television story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/332\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Bay Invaders\u003c/a>, moved to some discussion about how to help our students become “media savvy” in the 21st century, and then it was time for the pooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators paired up and we took a field trip to the alley behind the Cal Academy – not the most ideal location to find ants, but it was the best we could do with limited time. It was so cold that day that Kelly Herbinson, our ant expert, had to set out bait for the ants in the morning. We poked, prodded, searched high and low, and a few of us were able to capture the cagey little critters with our pooters. Kelly led us through the identification process (yes, I’m sorry but some ants were harmed) and introduced everyone to the Bay Area Ant Survey, an amazing citizen science project where just about anyone can contribute to scientists’ understanding of the distribution of ants in the Bay Area by capturing, labeling, and sending in their ants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/antsurvey23.jpg\" width=\"189\" height=\"204\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teachers study ant samples to help identify the ants they collected\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few post-workshop takeaways:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Despite what you hear on the news, science teachers are doing wonderful work with students\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students are getting their information from an increasing number of sources and teaching them how to be media-savvy is tricky (not something that is currently tested on standardized tests...)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Most importantly, ants are AMAZING! Did you know that the trap-jaw ant can snap its mandibles shut so hard and fast on an object that it can propel itself backwards 2 feet to escape predators?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Please add a comment if you know of a great educational resource for teaching about Bay Area invasive species. And please share your story if you use QUEST with your students!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/anysurvey11.jpg\" width=\"220\" height=\"275\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Academy scientist Kelly Herbinson collects ants with a Bay Area science teacher\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the winter drags on, I often think fondly of a chilly Saturday in December where I found myself in a small alleyway in San Francisco trying to suck elusive ants into a rubber tube called a pooter. What was the point of this seemingly silly endeavor? I was leading a QUEST educator training with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\" target=\"_blank\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> (one of the more fun parts of my job).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was first introduced to the pooter, an insect catching device, last July at the California Academy of Sciences Nature Journaling workshop in the Trinity Alps and little did I know where it would lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nature Journaling workshop blended sketching and watercolor techniques with information about the natural area in which we camped. In addition to discovering I could actually be artistic (not one of my strong suits in the past) and falling in love with vegan cashew chili (I’m a big fan of meat), the highlight for me was learning how to catch small insects by sucking them into a vial at the end of a long rubber tube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This contraption, which includes a small piece of gauze between the vial and the rubber tubing, so you don’t suck the insect all the way into your lungs, is the aforementioned pooter. By the end of the workshop, we had planned a joint educator workshop using QUEST media about invasive species with the hands-on ant collecting activities from the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/education/baas/\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Ant Survey\u003c/a> and the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/anysurvey33.jpg\" width=\"160\" height=\"229\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">QUEST's Jessica Neely collects ants with a pooter\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fast forward four months. In early December, 29 Bay Area science educators gathered at the California Academy of Sciences to learn about Bay Area invasive species. We started the day off with QUEST’s television story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/332\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Bay Invaders\u003c/a>, moved to some discussion about how to help our students become “media savvy” in the 21st century, and then it was time for the pooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators paired up and we took a field trip to the alley behind the Cal Academy – not the most ideal location to find ants, but it was the best we could do with limited time. It was so cold that day that Kelly Herbinson, our ant expert, had to set out bait for the ants in the morning. We poked, prodded, searched high and low, and a few of us were able to capture the cagey little critters with our pooters. Kelly led us through the identification process (yes, I’m sorry but some ants were harmed) and introduced everyone to the Bay Area Ant Survey, an amazing citizen science project where just about anyone can contribute to scientists’ understanding of the distribution of ants in the Bay Area by capturing, labeling, and sending in their ants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/antsurvey23.jpg\" width=\"189\" height=\"204\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teachers study ant samples to help identify the ants they collected\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few post-workshop takeaways:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Despite what you hear on the news, science teachers are doing wonderful work with students\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students are getting their information from an increasing number of sources and teaching them how to be media-savvy is tricky (not something that is currently tested on standardized tests...)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Most importantly, ants are AMAZING! Did you know that the trap-jaw ant can snap its mandibles shut so hard and fast on an object that it can propel itself backwards 2 feet to escape predators?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Please add a comment if you know of a great educational resource for teaching about Bay Area invasive species. And please share your story if you use QUEST with your students!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can you tell when someone's smile is fake?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See if you can tell from the 2 images below:*\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/blog_amysmile2.jpg\" title=\"Is Amy keeping it real?\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/faceimages1.jpg\" alt=\"Is Amy keeping it real?\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A real, spontaneous smile incorporates tiny muscles around the eye that are nearly impossible to contract at will. You can see this for yourself in an exhibit called \"Polite Smile, Delight Smile\" part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/\">Exploratorium's new Mind exhibition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This corners-of-the-eyes giveaway, as well as many other subtle, yet revealing, facial gestures, was discovered by \u003ca href=\"http://www.paulekman.com/\">Paul Ekman\u003c/a>, now a professor emeritus of psychology from the University of California, San Francisco. Ekman's been studying the universality of facial expressions and the secrets our faces reveal for over four decades. The notion that certain expressions of emotion are programmed into us wasn't so well received when he proposed it in the 1960s. At that time, social scientists believed facial expressions were cultural. Then, in 1967, Ekman embarked on an expedition to Papua New Guinea, where he asked people belonging to an indigenous tribe that had virtually no contact with the developed world to imitate the expressions they would have in certain situations, such as meeting an old friend or discovering a decaying animal. Ekman found that the ways these people's faces expressed sadness, fear, surprise, anger, and disgust involved the same eye and mouth muscle movements that people from Western cultures displayed. The collection of photos he took there will be on display at the Exploratorium from January 22 --April 27, 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Ekman is lauded by psychologists. He's considered the leading expert on detecting deceit, and his ideas are used to train CIA, Homeland Security, and other law enforcement officers to detect when they are being lied to by someone they're questioning and to spot unusual behavior. He devised a tool known as the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which catalogues the musculature behind thousands of facial expressions. Some of the most subtle of these Ekman calls \"microexpressions,\" fleeting muscle movements that reveal emotions the subject is trying to suppress. With the knowledge that these revealing expressions are universal, FACS allows a trained person to \"read\" someone's emotions by observing their facial muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Ekman's book \u003cem>Emotions Revealed\u003c/em> came out in 2003, I thought it would be great to master the subject matter. Who wouldn't benefit from learning to understand the fleeting messages people send oh-so-subtly? But the more I thought about it, the more uneasy I began to feel. Something didn't sit right with me about the practice of decoding people without their knowledge. Then again, isn't that what any of us do when we \"sense\" that someone was nervous or untruthful or secretly overjoyed? It's not like our microexpressions are hidden. We express them in plain sight. They may be the source of an intuitive person's \"sixth sense.\" But to formally study these expressions with the intent of detecting emotions that the subjects themselves are unaware of--is that a violation of privacy? Ekman would say no. He insists that he can't read minds, only emotions, and that leaves out most of the personal details. Still, there's something unsettling about the idea that feelings I've long considered private are written all over my face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>* BTW, the real smile is image 1. Did you guess correctly? Leave a comment to tell us how you knew.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_robinm.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Robin Marks\u003c/strong> is a journalist and science writer who current serves as a Multimedia Projects Developer for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> in San Francisco, CA.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.8041\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.448\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can you tell when someone's smile is fake?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See if you can tell from the 2 images below:*\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/blog_amysmile2.jpg\" title=\"Is Amy keeping it real?\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/faceimages1.jpg\" alt=\"Is Amy keeping it real?\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A real, spontaneous smile incorporates tiny muscles around the eye that are nearly impossible to contract at will. You can see this for yourself in an exhibit called \"Polite Smile, Delight Smile\" part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/\">Exploratorium's new Mind exhibition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This corners-of-the-eyes giveaway, as well as many other subtle, yet revealing, facial gestures, was discovered by \u003ca href=\"http://www.paulekman.com/\">Paul Ekman\u003c/a>, now a professor emeritus of psychology from the University of California, San Francisco. Ekman's been studying the universality of facial expressions and the secrets our faces reveal for over four decades. The notion that certain expressions of emotion are programmed into us wasn't so well received when he proposed it in the 1960s. At that time, social scientists believed facial expressions were cultural. Then, in 1967, Ekman embarked on an expedition to Papua New Guinea, where he asked people belonging to an indigenous tribe that had virtually no contact with the developed world to imitate the expressions they would have in certain situations, such as meeting an old friend or discovering a decaying animal. Ekman found that the ways these people's faces expressed sadness, fear, surprise, anger, and disgust involved the same eye and mouth muscle movements that people from Western cultures displayed. The collection of photos he took there will be on display at the Exploratorium from January 22 --April 27, 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Ekman is lauded by psychologists. He's considered the leading expert on detecting deceit, and his ideas are used to train CIA, Homeland Security, and other law enforcement officers to detect when they are being lied to by someone they're questioning and to spot unusual behavior. He devised a tool known as the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which catalogues the musculature behind thousands of facial expressions. Some of the most subtle of these Ekman calls \"microexpressions,\" fleeting muscle movements that reveal emotions the subject is trying to suppress. With the knowledge that these revealing expressions are universal, FACS allows a trained person to \"read\" someone's emotions by observing their facial muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Ekman's book \u003cem>Emotions Revealed\u003c/em> came out in 2003, I thought it would be great to master the subject matter. Who wouldn't benefit from learning to understand the fleeting messages people send oh-so-subtly? But the more I thought about it, the more uneasy I began to feel. Something didn't sit right with me about the practice of decoding people without their knowledge. Then again, isn't that what any of us do when we \"sense\" that someone was nervous or untruthful or secretly overjoyed? It's not like our microexpressions are hidden. We express them in plain sight. They may be the source of an intuitive person's \"sixth sense.\" But to formally study these expressions with the intent of detecting emotions that the subjects themselves are unaware of--is that a violation of privacy? Ekman would say no. He insists that he can't read minds, only emotions, and that leaves out most of the personal details. Still, there's something unsettling about the idea that feelings I've long considered private are written all over my face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>* BTW, the real smile is image 1. Did you guess correctly? Leave a comment to tell us how you knew.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_robinm.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Robin Marks\u003c/strong> is a journalist and science writer who current serves as a Multimedia Projects Developer for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> in San Francisco, CA.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.8041\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.448\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_sickle_cell.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/07/stemming-the-tide-of-disease/\">Last blog\u003c/a> I talked about how scientists turned skin cells into embryonic stem (ES) cells. This was big news because scientists can now make an ES-like cell without destroying an embryo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This blog I thought I'd talk about how scientists have used these cells \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/318/5858/1920\">to cure a mouse’s sickle cell anemia\u003c/a>. If the mouse stays cured, this is a hugely important finding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First some terminology so I don't have to keep saying, \"skin cell turned ES cell.\" Scientists are now starting to call these cells iPS for \u003cem>induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/em> and I figured I’d jump on the bandwagon too. (Pluripotent is just a way to say that a cell can turn into lots of other kinds of cells).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now as you probably know, sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that is more common in people whose ancestors came from areas where there was lots of malaria. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells \"sickle up,\" forming crescent shapes. These shapes can't fit in the smallest blood vessels causing \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html\">the problems associated with the disease\u003c/a>. Right now there are treatments but no cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way to cure the disease is to fix the broken hemoglobin gene in the cells that make red blood cells. Since red blood cells are all replaced within a few months, this would lead to a cure pretty quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, fixing a gene is not like falling off a log--it is really hard to do. The scientists in this study decided to try it with iPS cells. Basically they replaced the mouse's blood stem cells with newly repaired ones so that the new blood stem cells made healthy new red blood cells. The mouse has not shown signs of sickle cell anemia for 12 weeks so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't want you to come away thinking that it was an easy thing to do. It wasn't (see below). But it does show that it is possible to treat and possibly cure sickle cell anemia in mice using iPS cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To move it to humans, we need to make sure that the treatment sticks. When these kinds of things have been tried with gene therapy, the cure almost always wears off over time. It shouldn’t happen at the DNA level with the way they did their experiment, but we need to wait and see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists also need to find genes that can turn a skin cell into an iPS with less risk of causing cancer. And to find better ways to get these genes into the skin cell so that, again, the treatment doesn’t cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even taking all of this into account, this is a very promising first step. Curing a genetic disease with stem cells that do not get rejected by the recipient's body is one of the big goals of stem cell research. And these researchers may have accomplished this in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/blog_ips1.jpg\" title=\"blog_ips1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_ips1.jpg\" alt=\"blog_ips1.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More details on how to cure a mouse’s sickle cell anemia:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Add four genes to turn the skin cell into an iPS cell.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/07/stemming-the-tide-of-disease/\">previous blog\u003c/a>to see how to do this. To decrease the risk of the mouse developing cancer from these cells, the researchers chopped out one of the genes they used, the \u003cem>myc\u003c/em> gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Use the ES cell to fix the gene using a process called \u003ca href=\"http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/genomics/method/homolrecomb.html\">homologous recombination\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homologous recombination is a way to swap out one DNA for another. It is incredibly inefficient and we can really only get it to work at all in ES cells. Out of 72 cells, they managed to get one where one copy of the gene was repaired.* This result showed that homologous recombination would work in iPS cells which was an open question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Turn the ES cell into a blood-like stem cell by adding the HoxB4 gene.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4.Destroy the mouse’s bone marrow and replace the cells with the new blood stem cells.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is really just a bone marrow transplant using the newly created cells as the blood stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*In the end they had a mouse with one of its copies of the hemoglobin gene repaired in its blood cells. (All the rest of the cells including its sperm cells still carried the disease version of the hemoglobin gene.) The mouse exhibited no sickle cell anemia symptoms similar to most human carriers of the disease who have a single broken copy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_barry.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Dr. Barry Starr\u003c/strong> is a Geneticist-in-Residence at \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a> in San Jose, CA.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\">latitude \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.3316\u003c/span>, longitude \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-121.89\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_sickle_cell.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/07/stemming-the-tide-of-disease/\">Last blog\u003c/a> I talked about how scientists turned skin cells into embryonic stem (ES) cells. This was big news because scientists can now make an ES-like cell without destroying an embryo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This blog I thought I'd talk about how scientists have used these cells \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/318/5858/1920\">to cure a mouse’s sickle cell anemia\u003c/a>. If the mouse stays cured, this is a hugely important finding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First some terminology so I don't have to keep saying, \"skin cell turned ES cell.\" Scientists are now starting to call these cells iPS for \u003cem>induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/em> and I figured I’d jump on the bandwagon too. (Pluripotent is just a way to say that a cell can turn into lots of other kinds of cells).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now as you probably know, sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that is more common in people whose ancestors came from areas where there was lots of malaria. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells \"sickle up,\" forming crescent shapes. These shapes can't fit in the smallest blood vessels causing \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html\">the problems associated with the disease\u003c/a>. Right now there are treatments but no cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way to cure the disease is to fix the broken hemoglobin gene in the cells that make red blood cells. Since red blood cells are all replaced within a few months, this would lead to a cure pretty quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, fixing a gene is not like falling off a log--it is really hard to do. The scientists in this study decided to try it with iPS cells. Basically they replaced the mouse's blood stem cells with newly repaired ones so that the new blood stem cells made healthy new red blood cells. The mouse has not shown signs of sickle cell anemia for 12 weeks so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't want you to come away thinking that it was an easy thing to do. It wasn't (see below). But it does show that it is possible to treat and possibly cure sickle cell anemia in mice using iPS cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To move it to humans, we need to make sure that the treatment sticks. When these kinds of things have been tried with gene therapy, the cure almost always wears off over time. It shouldn’t happen at the DNA level with the way they did their experiment, but we need to wait and see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists also need to find genes that can turn a skin cell into an iPS with less risk of causing cancer. And to find better ways to get these genes into the skin cell so that, again, the treatment doesn’t cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even taking all of this into account, this is a very promising first step. Curing a genetic disease with stem cells that do not get rejected by the recipient's body is one of the big goals of stem cell research. And these researchers may have accomplished this in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/blog_ips1.jpg\" title=\"blog_ips1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_ips1.jpg\" alt=\"blog_ips1.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More details on how to cure a mouse’s sickle cell anemia:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Add four genes to turn the skin cell into an iPS cell.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/07/stemming-the-tide-of-disease/\">previous blog\u003c/a>to see how to do this. To decrease the risk of the mouse developing cancer from these cells, the researchers chopped out one of the genes they used, the \u003cem>myc\u003c/em> gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Use the ES cell to fix the gene using a process called \u003ca href=\"http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/genomics/method/homolrecomb.html\">homologous recombination\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homologous recombination is a way to swap out one DNA for another. It is incredibly inefficient and we can really only get it to work at all in ES cells. Out of 72 cells, they managed to get one where one copy of the gene was repaired.* This result showed that homologous recombination would work in iPS cells which was an open question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Turn the ES cell into a blood-like stem cell by adding the HoxB4 gene.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4.Destroy the mouse’s bone marrow and replace the cells with the new blood stem cells.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is really just a bone marrow transplant using the newly created cells as the blood stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*In the end they had a mouse with one of its copies of the hemoglobin gene repaired in its blood cells. (All the rest of the cells including its sperm cells still carried the disease version of the hemoglobin gene.) The mouse exhibited no sickle cell anemia symptoms similar to most human carriers of the disease who have a single broken copy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_barry.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Dr. Barry Starr\u003c/strong> is a Geneticist-in-Residence at \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a> in San Jose, CA.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\">latitude \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.3316\u003c/span>, longitude \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-121.89\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Wired for wireless: the genetics of text messaging",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I love my cell phone. We have a serious relationship. One that may be biologically predetermined.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_iheartcell.jpg\">\u003c/span>Let me explain. On New Year's Eve I brought my phone with me to San Francisco's Ocean Beach, where I traditionally go, rain or shine, to watch the year's last sunset. I was by myself, but I wasn't alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh no. I took snapshots of shimmering colors on the waves and sent them to faraway, landlocked friends who miss the sea. Another friend called to say she was also watching the sunset from her rooftop. Text messages flowed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, duh,\" you could say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this \"duh\" is exactly what seemed kind of profound: we take communication for granted. Of course we can talk to each other and share things with each other. And of course we create new devices to make talking and sharing easier. Of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But why do we do this, seemingly to no end? And why is it that communication is such a vital and defining aspect of our experience as humans? Why, really, do I love my cell phone so much?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it's genetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's probably not news to most of you that we humans appear to be wired to talk to each other. We've got that \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_wtd004683.html\">FOXP2 gene\u003c/a> that keeps making the news, contributing to our linguistic capacity. In fact, many researchers believe that language was central to our success as a species and allowed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/exploring/language/language_article5.html\">small group of humans to expand across the globe\u003c/a> about 50,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our genetic design for interaction seems to go beyond talking amongst ourselves. A University of Michigan study slated to be published next month found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071029172856.htm\">social interaction has a positive affect on memory and on cognitive functioning\u003c/a>. The people who had the most conversations with others seemed to be the sharpest, and this was particularly true among young people. This may mean that more socially-oriented humans had a bit of an advantage over those who tended to keep more to themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may be such social animals that we're even hard-wired to simply need company. After all, isolation is one of the most universal methods of punishment. Another set of researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago found that mice isolated from their comrades have lower levels of hormones that control anxiety, depression, and aggression. They believe that these responses are similar in humans. In other words, it's possible that our brains keep us happier and functioning better when they're interacting with other brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense that our predecessors who figured out how to play well with others and share their thoughts were the ones who got the best shot at passing on their genes. And it's no wonder our species devotes such enormous reserves to inventions that make communication easier. The most basic systems of rock painting and alphabets have allowed groups to share stories or warn others of impending trouble. And creations that help disseminate these symbols--papyrus, the printing press, even the simple pen and paper--have had a major impact on how we exist with one another, as individuals and as societies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, many of our communication technologies have gone beyond \"watch for hungry bear\" or \"here's my idea\" into doing a kind of doubly-human duty. We not only use technology to convey thoughts, but also to extend our opportunities to create bonds with other people and to form social groups. Thus the popularity of the likes of Facebook, personals ads, and Flickr. In fact, if you leave a comment about this little ditty I've written, you've hopped on this double-duty train by becoming a part of Quest's blogging community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so now, as my thumbs feverishly tap out text messages, I see my cell phone as more than a gadget. It's the latest cousin of cave drawings and hieroglyphics. What it says about my own evolution I'm not quite certain. But no doubt my wireless admiration results from something buried in my chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_robinm.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Robin Marks\u003c/strong> is a journalist and science writer who current serves as a Multimedia Projects Developer for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> in San Francisco, CA.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.7595\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.51\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.83305 -122.44222\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I love my cell phone. We have a serious relationship. One that may be biologically predetermined.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_iheartcell.jpg\">\u003c/span>Let me explain. On New Year's Eve I brought my phone with me to San Francisco's Ocean Beach, where I traditionally go, rain or shine, to watch the year's last sunset. I was by myself, but I wasn't alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh no. I took snapshots of shimmering colors on the waves and sent them to faraway, landlocked friends who miss the sea. Another friend called to say she was also watching the sunset from her rooftop. Text messages flowed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, duh,\" you could say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this \"duh\" is exactly what seemed kind of profound: we take communication for granted. Of course we can talk to each other and share things with each other. And of course we create new devices to make talking and sharing easier. Of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But why do we do this, seemingly to no end? And why is it that communication is such a vital and defining aspect of our experience as humans? Why, really, do I love my cell phone so much?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it's genetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's probably not news to most of you that we humans appear to be wired to talk to each other. We've got that \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_wtd004683.html\">FOXP2 gene\u003c/a> that keeps making the news, contributing to our linguistic capacity. In fact, many researchers believe that language was central to our success as a species and allowed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/exploring/language/language_article5.html\">small group of humans to expand across the globe\u003c/a> about 50,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our genetic design for interaction seems to go beyond talking amongst ourselves. A University of Michigan study slated to be published next month found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071029172856.htm\">social interaction has a positive affect on memory and on cognitive functioning\u003c/a>. The people who had the most conversations with others seemed to be the sharpest, and this was particularly true among young people. This may mean that more socially-oriented humans had a bit of an advantage over those who tended to keep more to themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may be such social animals that we're even hard-wired to simply need company. After all, isolation is one of the most universal methods of punishment. Another set of researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago found that mice isolated from their comrades have lower levels of hormones that control anxiety, depression, and aggression. They believe that these responses are similar in humans. In other words, it's possible that our brains keep us happier and functioning better when they're interacting with other brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense that our predecessors who figured out how to play well with others and share their thoughts were the ones who got the best shot at passing on their genes. And it's no wonder our species devotes such enormous reserves to inventions that make communication easier. The most basic systems of rock painting and alphabets have allowed groups to share stories or warn others of impending trouble. And creations that help disseminate these symbols--papyrus, the printing press, even the simple pen and paper--have had a major impact on how we exist with one another, as individuals and as societies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, many of our communication technologies have gone beyond \"watch for hungry bear\" or \"here's my idea\" into doing a kind of doubly-human duty. We not only use technology to convey thoughts, but also to extend our opportunities to create bonds with other people and to form social groups. Thus the popularity of the likes of Facebook, personals ads, and Flickr. In fact, if you leave a comment about this little ditty I've written, you've hopped on this double-duty train by becoming a part of Quest's blogging community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so now, as my thumbs feverishly tap out text messages, I see my cell phone as more than a gadget. It's the latest cousin of cave drawings and hieroglyphics. What it says about my own evolution I'm not quite certain. But no doubt my wireless admiration results from something buried in my chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_robinm.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Robin Marks\u003c/strong> is a journalist and science writer who current serves as a Multimedia Projects Developer for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> in San Francisco, CA.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.7595\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.51\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.83305 -122.44222\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Great Migration: Cal Academy moves 20 million specimens across town",
"title": "The Great Migration: Cal Academy moves 20 million specimens across town",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_ca_move.jpg\">\u003c/span>At 5pm on Sunday January 6, 2008, California Academy of Sciences closed its temporary location in order to start the move back to Golden Gate Park. On September 27, 2008 the Academy will open to the public once again in its new home in the Park. Many curious museum-goers have asked, why the long gap between closing and opening? 265 days is long time to move across town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is on the public floors of the museum is just the tip of the iceberg of the Academy's collections. Over a span of more than 150 years, the Academy has built an invaluable collection that acts as a strong backbone for the museum. Twenty million research specimens and 38,000 live animals have to be carefully packed and transported. The Academy is undertaking the most massive move ever undertaken by a museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Botany collection was the first to move out of Howard Street. It took only eleven and a half days to move two million specimens. For perspective, it took 61,300 cardboard inserts bundled with over 40 miles of twine to bundle the flora. Botany is only one of eight Academy research departments preparing to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy's packing list is as varied as its research. Ornithology and Mammalogy have to transport \u003ca href=\"http://www.monarchbear.org/monarch/index.html\">Monarch, the last Grizzly bear of California\u003c/a>. Because of its size and girth, it will not be boxed. However, it will take several movers to transport it carefully. Monarch will be joined by 30,000 other mammal specimens, including study pelts, skulls, skeletons, and the world's largest collection of marine mammal specimens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be even more challenging to move the Academy's live animals. 38,000 live animals will be moved, water included, back to the Park in tanks of varying sizes. One of the aquarium's \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceratodus.com/\">Australian Lungfish\u003c/a> will be the oldest living animal to move. Over seventy years old, this fish has seen the Academy through many changes-- a move to Howard Street, and now the move back to Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy's Galápagos collection will also be packed up. It features thousands of Geospizine Finches (the group studied by Darwin) and the world's largest collection of reptiles from the Galápagos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cultural keepsakes will be preserved. Pre-Columbian Inca clothing, 12th Century Persian ceramics, fragile feather leis, full-sized Native Alaskan kayaks, 500 Japanese folk toys, and a renowned collection of eating utensils will also find their home in Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give you a sense of the immensity of the project, 20 million specimens include the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Over 200,000 fish specimens preserved in alcohol, including a rare \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth\">coelacanth\u003c/a> (thought to be extinct until discovered in the 1930s);\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>14.5 million insects and arachnids, including more than 874,789 flies, some 524,666 true bugs, nearly 3 million beetles, and more than 700,000 butterflies and moths;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Nearly 100,000 bird specimens, including the now-extinct Guadalupe Storm Petrel and 10,600 sets of bird nests and eggs;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than a quarter of a million reptiles and amphibians from 166 countries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The sheer volume of this move makes it a migration. Over 20 million specimens can not be moved in a day. It will take every one of those 265 days to move and prepare to share the wealth of the Academy once again with the public. To find out more about this \"Great Migration\" and the museum that will ultimately house the collections – visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/newacademy\">http://www.calacademy.org/newacademy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_cata.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Cat Aboudara\u003c/strong> is the Special Projects Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and works in the public programs division. The Academy is a wonderful fit for her because of her curiosity about the natural world and her experience in working with native California wildlife.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.769\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.467\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "At 5pm on Sunday January 6, 2008, California Academy of Sciences closed its temporary location in order to start the move back to Golden Gate Park. On September 27, 2008 the Academy will open to the public once again in its new home in the Park. Many curious museum-goers have asked, why the long gap",
"title": "The Great Migration: Cal Academy moves 20 million specimens across town | KQED",
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"headline": "The Great Migration: Cal Academy moves 20 million specimens across town",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_ca_move.jpg\">\u003c/span>At 5pm on Sunday January 6, 2008, California Academy of Sciences closed its temporary location in order to start the move back to Golden Gate Park. On September 27, 2008 the Academy will open to the public once again in its new home in the Park. Many curious museum-goers have asked, why the long gap between closing and opening? 265 days is long time to move across town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is on the public floors of the museum is just the tip of the iceberg of the Academy's collections. Over a span of more than 150 years, the Academy has built an invaluable collection that acts as a strong backbone for the museum. Twenty million research specimens and 38,000 live animals have to be carefully packed and transported. The Academy is undertaking the most massive move ever undertaken by a museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Botany collection was the first to move out of Howard Street. It took only eleven and a half days to move two million specimens. For perspective, it took 61,300 cardboard inserts bundled with over 40 miles of twine to bundle the flora. Botany is only one of eight Academy research departments preparing to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy's packing list is as varied as its research. Ornithology and Mammalogy have to transport \u003ca href=\"http://www.monarchbear.org/monarch/index.html\">Monarch, the last Grizzly bear of California\u003c/a>. Because of its size and girth, it will not be boxed. However, it will take several movers to transport it carefully. Monarch will be joined by 30,000 other mammal specimens, including study pelts, skulls, skeletons, and the world's largest collection of marine mammal specimens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be even more challenging to move the Academy's live animals. 38,000 live animals will be moved, water included, back to the Park in tanks of varying sizes. One of the aquarium's \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceratodus.com/\">Australian Lungfish\u003c/a> will be the oldest living animal to move. Over seventy years old, this fish has seen the Academy through many changes-- a move to Howard Street, and now the move back to Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy's Galápagos collection will also be packed up. It features thousands of Geospizine Finches (the group studied by Darwin) and the world's largest collection of reptiles from the Galápagos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cultural keepsakes will be preserved. Pre-Columbian Inca clothing, 12th Century Persian ceramics, fragile feather leis, full-sized Native Alaskan kayaks, 500 Japanese folk toys, and a renowned collection of eating utensils will also find their home in Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give you a sense of the immensity of the project, 20 million specimens include the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Over 200,000 fish specimens preserved in alcohol, including a rare \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth\">coelacanth\u003c/a> (thought to be extinct until discovered in the 1930s);\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>14.5 million insects and arachnids, including more than 874,789 flies, some 524,666 true bugs, nearly 3 million beetles, and more than 700,000 butterflies and moths;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Nearly 100,000 bird specimens, including the now-extinct Guadalupe Storm Petrel and 10,600 sets of bird nests and eggs;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than a quarter of a million reptiles and amphibians from 166 countries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The sheer volume of this move makes it a migration. Over 20 million specimens can not be moved in a day. It will take every one of those 265 days to move and prepare to share the wealth of the Academy once again with the public. To find out more about this \"Great Migration\" and the museum that will ultimately house the collections – visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/newacademy\">http://www.calacademy.org/newacademy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_cata.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Cat Aboudara\u003c/strong> is the Special Projects Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and works in the public programs division. The Academy is a wonderful fit for her because of her curiosity about the natural world and her experience in working with native California wildlife.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.769\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.467\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
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