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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/Platypus_in_Geelong300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>I couldn’t think of a better example of an extreme mammal than a Platypus.\u003ca rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platypus_in_Geelong.jpg\">Image from Wikimedia Commons. \u003c/a> / \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en/\"> CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a sweatshirt I love hanging in my closet. It has small pictures of an alligator, duck, beaver, and snake. It says – with our powers combined, we are PLATYPUS! I couldn’t think of a better example of an extreme mammal than a Platypus. It is so unusual that when Europeans first encountered the species in 1798, it was thought to be a hoax. Captain John Hunter sent a pelt and sketch to scientists in Great Britain. They were dumbfounded. One scientist, Robert Shaw even took scissors to the skin to check for stitches as he thought it was an ingenious fake. And even in nature it looks out of place, with the beak of a duck, the body and fur of a beaver, the behavior of an alligator, it seems to be nothing more than a mish-mosh. Which holds a grain of truth, for the Platypus sports attributes that thwart its classification as a mammal. Below are some of the more unique features of this species…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Platypus is semi-aquatic. It forages for food in the water, swimming smoothly with its webbed feet. However, it can fold back its webbing on it feet when walking on land and clutch the earth with its nails. Its legs are on the sides of its body rather than underneath its body like other mammals. It can run on land using knuckle walking. Its gait resembles an alligator more than a mammal like a beaver. Moreover, the Platypus lays eggs that resemble those of reptiles. Like reptilian eggs, only part of the egg of a Platypus divides as it develops. The Platypus is one of the only mammals in the world to lay eggs rather than giving birth to live young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also one of the only mammals to be venomous! Both female and males of the species have a spur on their hind foot. The female loses this spur after about three months to a year but the male Platypus’s spur develops venom that can deliver excruciating pain. This venom is different than venoms in reptiles as it is not life threatening and doesn’t seem to be used for predation. Instead the production of venom corresponds to mating seasons and seems to be used for male dominant displays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For predation, the Platypus relies on its sensitive bill. The Platypus closes its eyes, ears, and nose while in the water, so it does not hunt by sight, sound, or smell. It has electroreceptors that detect tiny electrical currents given off by the muscular contractions of its prey. Being sensitive to these currents, it is able to differentiate between animate and inanimate objects and feed accordingly. The Platypus is a carnivore and forages for worms, insects, larvae, shrimp and other shellfish. Feeding becomes even more interesting as the Platypus has no teeth. They will store caught prey, mud and bits of gravel in pouches in their cheek until they surface from the water. They will then use the debris and gravel to “chew” their food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the dictionary, mammals are classified as vertebrate animals that are warm-blooded, give birth to live young and feed their young milk. The Platypus is my favorite extreme mammal because it is the quintessential exception to this rule. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/Platypus_in_Geelong300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>I couldn’t think of a better example of an extreme mammal than a Platypus.\u003ca rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platypus_in_Geelong.jpg\">Image from Wikimedia Commons. \u003c/a> / \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en/\"> CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a sweatshirt I love hanging in my closet. It has small pictures of an alligator, duck, beaver, and snake. It says – with our powers combined, we are PLATYPUS! I couldn’t think of a better example of an extreme mammal than a Platypus. It is so unusual that when Europeans first encountered the species in 1798, it was thought to be a hoax. Captain John Hunter sent a pelt and sketch to scientists in Great Britain. They were dumbfounded. One scientist, Robert Shaw even took scissors to the skin to check for stitches as he thought it was an ingenious fake. And even in nature it looks out of place, with the beak of a duck, the body and fur of a beaver, the behavior of an alligator, it seems to be nothing more than a mish-mosh. Which holds a grain of truth, for the Platypus sports attributes that thwart its classification as a mammal. Below are some of the more unique features of this species…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Platypus is semi-aquatic. It forages for food in the water, swimming smoothly with its webbed feet. However, it can fold back its webbing on it feet when walking on land and clutch the earth with its nails. Its legs are on the sides of its body rather than underneath its body like other mammals. It can run on land using knuckle walking. Its gait resembles an alligator more than a mammal like a beaver. Moreover, the Platypus lays eggs that resemble those of reptiles. Like reptilian eggs, only part of the egg of a Platypus divides as it develops. The Platypus is one of the only mammals in the world to lay eggs rather than giving birth to live young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also one of the only mammals to be venomous! Both female and males of the species have a spur on their hind foot. The female loses this spur after about three months to a year but the male Platypus’s spur develops venom that can deliver excruciating pain. This venom is different than venoms in reptiles as it is not life threatening and doesn’t seem to be used for predation. Instead the production of venom corresponds to mating seasons and seems to be used for male dominant displays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For predation, the Platypus relies on its sensitive bill. The Platypus closes its eyes, ears, and nose while in the water, so it does not hunt by sight, sound, or smell. It has electroreceptors that detect tiny electrical currents given off by the muscular contractions of its prey. Being sensitive to these currents, it is able to differentiate between animate and inanimate objects and feed accordingly. The Platypus is a carnivore and forages for worms, insects, larvae, shrimp and other shellfish. Feeding becomes even more interesting as the Platypus has no teeth. They will store caught prey, mud and bits of gravel in pouches in their cheek until they surface from the water. They will then use the debris and gravel to “chew” their food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/cousin21.gif\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/cousin2.jpeg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> It may not look like much, but the two bits of shared DNA shown in blue show that I am at least this person's fifth cousin. (Click the image for a larger version).\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My latest dive into my DNA began with an email. Someone contacted me via 23andMe and said that we may be fifth cousins and asked if I would like to compare genomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ok I thought, why not? And so I contacted them. We compared our genomes and this is how much DNA we had in common. Not exactly awe-inspiring is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it looks pretty wimpy, it is actually a couple of good sized chunks of DNA we share. Odds are that I am indeed related to this person. To understand why, we need to step back a bit and remember how DNA is passed from generation to generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you undoubtedly know, we get half our DNA from our moms and half from our dads. This DNA is passed down in the form of chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you may not know is that except for the Y chromosome, we don’t inherit an exact copy of our parents’ chromosome. Instead we inherit a mix of each of their pair of chromosomes. Clear as mud as usual, Dr. Starr…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all have two copies of each of our chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad. So we have two copies of chromosome 1, two copies of chromosome 2 and so on up to chromosome 22. The chromosome 1 we get from mom is actually a mix of her two chromosome 1’s. Same thing with our chromosome 2 and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This mixing happens with each generation. I have tried a couple of times to explain this in words but I got tired of writing chromosome over and over. So instead here is an image that I think explains things a bit better than words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/GrandParentYou-1.gif\" alt=\"grandparent\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image focuses on a single pair of chromosomes. It starts out with the chromosomes of your four grandparents (G1-G4). G1 and G2 pass a chromosome down to mom and G3 and G4 pass one down to dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you can see, the chromosome that was passed down didn’t exist before. It is a unique mix of each grandparent’s pair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same process then happens with mom and dad. More mixing and matching happens leading to your unique pair of chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that the chunks of DNA from your grandparents get smaller as they head down the family tree. Your children would inherit even smaller chunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the generations, some chunks would become so small that they could no longer be easily linked to the originals. And eventually, some ancestors’ DNA would disappear entirely from the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why the fact that this woman and I share a couple of chunks of DNA is so significant. The DNA of fifth cousins needs to travel down two different branches of the family tree from great, great, great, great grandparents. The only reason we have any chance of seeing the relationship at all after all this traveling is because we have 23 pairs of chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of analysis is brand spanking new and wouldn’t have been possible even a few years ago. Back then, we could only look at little snippets of our DNA. These old school tests have trouble telling if two people are cousins let alone fifth cousins!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now we can find a bunch of folks related to us. We each have 64 great, great, great, great grandparents which means we have tons of fifth cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now I run into a common problem I have with genetic tests like this…so what? I can find lots of relatives but is there anything I can do with that information?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I certainly don’t know who any of my 64 great, great, great, great grandparents were. If my grandfather was born in 1906, my great, great, great, great grandparents were born around 1800 or so. I don’t know anything about my family tree from way back when and I am not sure knowing I am related to Jane Doe from Poughkeepsie helps me figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I suppose that as more and more of us plumb the depths of our DNA we’ll be able to better trace these sorts of relationships. But in the meantime, this is probably only useful for the real genealogy hounds out there. Since I’m not one of these folks, I wonder how useful it is even to them…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" width=\"480\" height=\"385\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/KtILuJuysDs&hl=en_US&fs=1&\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cembed type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"480\" height=\"385\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/KtILuJuysDs&hl=en_US&fs=1&\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/cousin21.gif\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/cousin2.jpeg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> It may not look like much, but the two bits of shared DNA shown in blue show that I am at least this person's fifth cousin. (Click the image for a larger version).\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My latest dive into my DNA began with an email. Someone contacted me via 23andMe and said that we may be fifth cousins and asked if I would like to compare genomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ok I thought, why not? And so I contacted them. We compared our genomes and this is how much DNA we had in common. Not exactly awe-inspiring is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it looks pretty wimpy, it is actually a couple of good sized chunks of DNA we share. Odds are that I am indeed related to this person. To understand why, we need to step back a bit and remember how DNA is passed from generation to generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you undoubtedly know, we get half our DNA from our moms and half from our dads. This DNA is passed down in the form of chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you may not know is that except for the Y chromosome, we don’t inherit an exact copy of our parents’ chromosome. Instead we inherit a mix of each of their pair of chromosomes. Clear as mud as usual, Dr. Starr…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all have two copies of each of our chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad. So we have two copies of chromosome 1, two copies of chromosome 2 and so on up to chromosome 22. The chromosome 1 we get from mom is actually a mix of her two chromosome 1’s. Same thing with our chromosome 2 and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This mixing happens with each generation. I have tried a couple of times to explain this in words but I got tired of writing chromosome over and over. So instead here is an image that I think explains things a bit better than words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/GrandParentYou-1.gif\" alt=\"grandparent\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image focuses on a single pair of chromosomes. It starts out with the chromosomes of your four grandparents (G1-G4). G1 and G2 pass a chromosome down to mom and G3 and G4 pass one down to dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you can see, the chromosome that was passed down didn’t exist before. It is a unique mix of each grandparent’s pair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same process then happens with mom and dad. More mixing and matching happens leading to your unique pair of chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that the chunks of DNA from your grandparents get smaller as they head down the family tree. Your children would inherit even smaller chunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the generations, some chunks would become so small that they could no longer be easily linked to the originals. And eventually, some ancestors’ DNA would disappear entirely from the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why the fact that this woman and I share a couple of chunks of DNA is so significant. The DNA of fifth cousins needs to travel down two different branches of the family tree from great, great, great, great grandparents. The only reason we have any chance of seeing the relationship at all after all this traveling is because we have 23 pairs of chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of analysis is brand spanking new and wouldn’t have been possible even a few years ago. Back then, we could only look at little snippets of our DNA. These old school tests have trouble telling if two people are cousins let alone fifth cousins!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now we can find a bunch of folks related to us. We each have 64 great, great, great, great grandparents which means we have tons of fifth cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now I run into a common problem I have with genetic tests like this…so what? I can find lots of relatives but is there anything I can do with that information?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I certainly don’t know who any of my 64 great, great, great, great grandparents were. If my grandfather was born in 1906, my great, great, great, great grandparents were born around 1800 or so. I don’t know anything about my family tree from way back when and I am not sure knowing I am related to Jane Doe from Poughkeepsie helps me figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I suppose that as more and more of us plumb the depths of our DNA we’ll be able to better trace these sorts of relationships. But in the meantime, this is probably only useful for the real genealogy hounds out there. Since I’m not one of these folks, I wonder how useful it is even to them…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" width=\"480\" height=\"385\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/KtILuJuysDs&hl=en_US&fs=1&\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cembed type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"480\" height=\"385\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/KtILuJuysDs&hl=en_US&fs=1&\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/indo1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The largest land mammal ever to live at 25 feet in length, 17 feet tall and nearly weighing 18 tons.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was traveling across the museum floor this morning, I saw four colossal legs splayed out. However many helping hands of the exhibit team were carefully placing those legs all under the canopy of a supporting crane. The area holding the legs was closed off and a sign stanchioned just outside read “I’m pulling myself together: This model of an Indricotherium, the largest land mammal that ever lived on land, is being assembled for our Extreme Mammals exhibit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/newsroom/releases/2009/extreme_mammals.php\">Extreme Mammals\u003c/a> opening in less than a month, new boxes and displays are popping up every day. During \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/events/nightlife/\">NightLife\u003c/a>, I got to meet a few members of the exhibit team from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/extrememammals/extreme-mammals/ida.php\">American Museum of Natural History in New York\u003c/a> who are overseeing the installment of Extreme Mammals at the Academy. And I was still in the building at 11pm, when a moving truck full of crates for the exhibit pulled into the loading dock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the life size replica of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/170698/indricotherium_largest_land_mammal.html?cat=58\">Indricotherium\u003c/a> stands taller amongst the rest of specimens – literally. As the largest land mammal ever to live at 25 feet in length, 17 feet tall and nearly weighing 18 tons; this replica dwarfs the T-Rex skeleton that used to take up its footprint but has since moved into the lobby. However, the blue whale still casts a mighty shadow over the Indricotherium. Weighing in at 180 tons, it would take 18 Indricotheriums to match the size of the largest mammal in the oceans today. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relative today of Indricotheriums are modern day Rhinos and horses. Why are they so tiny in size compared to their prehistoric relative? The Indricotherium lived during the late \u003ca href=\"http://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/tertiary_period.html\">Oligocene Epoch\u003c/a>. During that time the Earth’s topography consisted of dry, seasonal scrublands. The Indricotherium could reach the tops of trees, which was too high for most grazers giving it a food niche that added to its massive size. As well, Indricotherium was well suited to exploit this food source. Its large head was supported by a thick neck, one that was flexible enough to allow the head to point upwards in pursuit of hard to reach vegetation. The Indricotherium had tusk like teeth that could snap off vegetation and molars to then grind it down. Like Rhinos, the Indricotherium also had a prehensile upper lip that allowed it to strip vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to its size, the Indricotherium had very little threat from predators. During the Oligocene, predators were smaller than the Indricotherium. Predators were similar in size to the modern day Rhino so the Indricotherium’s size kept them both in a plentiful food source and free from predation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, I will be able to walk under the replica of the now extinct Indricotherium to compare my size to the largest living mammal that walked the Earth. I wonder if I will be tall enough to reach his kneecap? And with the blue whale being 18 times bigger, I wonder what my size will feel like in comparison?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/LawrenceDNA1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>23andMe's DNA testing was always fun. Now it is more useful as well.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anyone who follows this blog knows, I had my DNA tested awhile back by a company called 23andMe. I wrote about what I learned and didn’t learn from their testing in a bunch of blog entries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In my mind 23andMe has always been a sort of recreational genetics testing company. You can find out about your earwax, whether you are likely to have blue eyes or be lactose intolerant and lots of other minor sorts of traits. This is stuff you probably already know but for geeks it is pretty cool to see them written out in their DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company always offered some health data too but it wasn’t that strong. For example, they could tell you if you carried the most common DNA difference that could lead to cystic fibrosis (CF) but not about the less common ones. In fact, I gave them an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/26/an-incomplete-for-23andme%E2%80%99s-carrier-testing/\">incomplete for their carrier testing\u003c/a> a few months back. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the company has gone away from being a place where you get your DNA tested for coolness’ sake to one with a focus on health and/or ancestry. With this change has come a much-improved product for people interested in what their DNA tells them about their carrier status for a variety of genetic diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrier status is important if you are considering having a child. If you and your partner both carry the broken versions of a gene that could lead to a disease, then your child would be at an increased risk for getting that disease. For example, if both you and your partner have a nonworking copy of the CFTR gene, then, depending on the exact DNA you each have, your child could have up to a 25% chance of ending up with CF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why the first iteration of 23andMe carrier testing wasn’t as useful as I would have liked. They tested only one of the 100’s of different DNA variants in the CFTR gene that can lead to CF. Since this DNA variant only accounts for about half the cases of CF, there was a good chance that something would get missed. This is no longer true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the refocusing, 23andMe looks for 31 different variants in the CFTR gene that are known to cause CF. Now this isn’t hundreds but is more than the 23 recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics. And in fact 23andMe includes these 23 in the 31 it tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course the testing still isn’t perfect but no testing is. Some of the tests are only useful for certain ethnic groups. And there is no upfront genetic counseling to help you decide whether or not genetic testing would be useful in your situation anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bottom line is that 23andMe’s testing for genetic diseases that you might be carrying is much stronger than it was before. So much so that it can even give you some piece of mind for many of these diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways I’ll miss the more whimsical look at DNA that 23andMe used to represent. But this obviously wasn’t a good business model for anyone except those enamored of DNA. And 23andMe does need to make a profit…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/redoctopus.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This giant red octopus can be seen at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week ago on Tuesday morning, a co-worker and I were able to go behind the scenes and visit with the Giant Red Octopus and his trainer. To get to his tank, we had to climb a ladder onto a deck surrounding one wall of the tank. There was a detachable wall blocking off the tank from the desk that was covered in astro-turf. Nancy, who works with the octopus, explained that an octopus can’t find suction on astro-turf and therefore cannot get the footing to climb out of the tank. There was also a lip of the tank out of public view. The “octopus garden” was displayed there as dozens of crab shells picked clean. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy was awaiting a crab shipment later that day. She uses live crab as enrichment for the octopus. She also has puzzles made out of PVC piping she hides fish in for the octopus to solve. The octopus gets many visits, much like the one me and my co-worker were on, for enrichment as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy took down the detachable wall and we came face to face with the octopus we had only every seen through glass. There were a couple of things I learned that day:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A giant red octopus can drench you in 10 seconds flat if he wants to. The siphon on an octopus is similar to gills on a fish and jettisons water in and out. When he was slightly above the water line, the siphon dumped about two gallons of water over the side and I was directly in the path. It took all day to dry out my jeans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His skin felt totally different than I expected. I expected something like the scales on a snake. However, his skin was soft, super malleable and slimy. It felt totally weird touching him and my hands were super dry after playing with him for a half hour. I knew that an octopus was boneless before touching him, but it was altogether different to feel him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those tentacles have suction power! His trainer showed us how to lay our hands over his suckers and let him grab hold. He had one of his tentacles around my hand and I couldn't get him to let go. His trainer squeezed his tentacle further up and it relieved the suction enough that I could pop his suckers off my hand. They are strong too! At one point, he had suction across my arm and we were playing tug of war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant red octopus knows and is bonded to his trainer. It was amazing watching them interact. I knew the octopus was intelligent before I got a close encounter with him but it was definitely reinforced after I saw how he interacted with us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of why I love working at the Academy is moments like these. It reminds me why I am doing what I am doing for a living and that a special moment with an animal when I was small was what got me where I am today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/redoctopus.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This giant red octopus can be seen at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week ago on Tuesday morning, a co-worker and I were able to go behind the scenes and visit with the Giant Red Octopus and his trainer. To get to his tank, we had to climb a ladder onto a deck surrounding one wall of the tank. There was a detachable wall blocking off the tank from the desk that was covered in astro-turf. Nancy, who works with the octopus, explained that an octopus can’t find suction on astro-turf and therefore cannot get the footing to climb out of the tank. There was also a lip of the tank out of public view. The “octopus garden” was displayed there as dozens of crab shells picked clean. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy was awaiting a crab shipment later that day. She uses live crab as enrichment for the octopus. She also has puzzles made out of PVC piping she hides fish in for the octopus to solve. The octopus gets many visits, much like the one me and my co-worker were on, for enrichment as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy took down the detachable wall and we came face to face with the octopus we had only every seen through glass. There were a couple of things I learned that day:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A giant red octopus can drench you in 10 seconds flat if he wants to. The siphon on an octopus is similar to gills on a fish and jettisons water in and out. When he was slightly above the water line, the siphon dumped about two gallons of water over the side and I was directly in the path. It took all day to dry out my jeans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His skin felt totally different than I expected. I expected something like the scales on a snake. However, his skin was soft, super malleable and slimy. It felt totally weird touching him and my hands were super dry after playing with him for a half hour. I knew that an octopus was boneless before touching him, but it was altogether different to feel him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those tentacles have suction power! His trainer showed us how to lay our hands over his suckers and let him grab hold. He had one of his tentacles around my hand and I couldn't get him to let go. His trainer squeezed his tentacle further up and it relieved the suction enough that I could pop his suckers off my hand. They are strong too! At one point, he had suction across my arm and we were playing tug of war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant red octopus knows and is bonded to his trainer. It was amazing watching them interact. I knew the octopus was intelligent before I got a close encounter with him but it was definitely reinforced after I saw how he interacted with us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of why I love working at the Academy is moments like these. It reminds me why I am doing what I am doing for a living and that a special moment with an animal when I was small was what got me where I am today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/blog_karyotype.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> Missing two chromosomes but doing fine. A partial karyotype of a man with 44 chromosomes.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A doctor from China contacted me through this blog with some exciting news. He had found a patient with 44 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. And the patient was perfectly normal as far as anyone could tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The doctor contacted me because the story of how this patient ended up with 44 chromosomes mirrored my story of how humans may have gone from 48 to 46 chromosomes a million or so years ago. The idea that human chromosome reduction could happen this way was theoretical when I wrote about it. Now we have living proof that it can and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/05/12/chromosome-fusion-chance-or-design/\">does happen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>Sticking Two Chromosomes Together\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">At first it might seem weird that losing a couple of chromosomes had no real effect on the patient since losing even one is usually fatal. But his case is different because he didn’t really lose two chromosomes (and all of their essential genes). Instead the chromosomes ended up stuck to two other chromosomes. So he has the same genes…they are just packaged differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">When this happens with a single chromosome, it is called a balanced translocation. These are more common that you might think with about 1 in 1000 people having one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The way to end up with 44 chromosomes like our patient requires that both parents have the same balanced translocation. The only way this is at all probable is if the parents are closely related. In this case, they are cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">I won’t go into the details (click \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=124\">here\u003c/a> to learn more) but these parents had a 1 in 36 chance of having a child with a double balanced translocation. And this is our patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>From 48 to 46 to 44?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">As I said before, a big reason why this is all so interesting is because it provides confirmation of one way that humans may have gone from 48 to 46 chromosomes so many years ago. The first step might have been similar to what happened to our patient. Two closely related parents with the same translocation have a child together that has fewer chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Back then, chromosomes 12 and 13 fused together to create what we now call human chromosome 2. The fused chromosome then slowly spread through the community. And then, for some reason, the group of humans with 46 chromosomes eventually supplanted the group with 48.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">We can’t know for sure, but this may have happened through some random event where the 48 chromosome humans were mostly wiped out and the humans with 46 chromosomes were spared. Humanity has nearly been wiped our before with the most recent case being a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/03/17/explosive-hypothesis-about-humans-lack-of-genetic-diversity/\">volcanic eruption 75,000 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">If something similar happens in the future, I wonder if people will be questioning our close relationship to chimpanzees. “How could chimpanzees be our closest relatives,” these future folks might ask, “when we have four fewer chromosomes than they do?” This assumes, of course, that the number of chromosomes has not changed in chimpanzees by then…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/blog_karyotype.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> Missing two chromosomes but doing fine. A partial karyotype of a man with 44 chromosomes.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A doctor from China contacted me through this blog with some exciting news. He had found a patient with 44 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. And the patient was perfectly normal as far as anyone could tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The doctor contacted me because the story of how this patient ended up with 44 chromosomes mirrored my story of how humans may have gone from 48 to 46 chromosomes a million or so years ago. The idea that human chromosome reduction could happen this way was theoretical when I wrote about it. Now we have living proof that it can and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/05/12/chromosome-fusion-chance-or-design/\">does happen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>Sticking Two Chromosomes Together\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">At first it might seem weird that losing a couple of chromosomes had no real effect on the patient since losing even one is usually fatal. But his case is different because he didn’t really lose two chromosomes (and all of their essential genes). Instead the chromosomes ended up stuck to two other chromosomes. So he has the same genes…they are just packaged differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">When this happens with a single chromosome, it is called a balanced translocation. These are more common that you might think with about 1 in 1000 people having one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The way to end up with 44 chromosomes like our patient requires that both parents have the same balanced translocation. The only way this is at all probable is if the parents are closely related. In this case, they are cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">I won’t go into the details (click \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=124\">here\u003c/a> to learn more) but these parents had a 1 in 36 chance of having a child with a double balanced translocation. And this is our patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>From 48 to 46 to 44?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">As I said before, a big reason why this is all so interesting is because it provides confirmation of one way that humans may have gone from 48 to 46 chromosomes so many years ago. The first step might have been similar to what happened to our patient. Two closely related parents with the same translocation have a child together that has fewer chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Back then, chromosomes 12 and 13 fused together to create what we now call human chromosome 2. The fused chromosome then slowly spread through the community. And then, for some reason, the group of humans with 46 chromosomes eventually supplanted the group with 48.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">We can’t know for sure, but this may have happened through some random event where the 48 chromosome humans were mostly wiped out and the humans with 46 chromosomes were spared. Humanity has nearly been wiped our before with the most recent case being a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/03/17/explosive-hypothesis-about-humans-lack-of-genetic-diversity/\">volcanic eruption 75,000 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">If something similar happens in the future, I wonder if people will be questioning our close relationship to chimpanzees. “How could chimpanzees be our closest relatives,” these future folks might ask, “when we have four fewer chromosomes than they do?” This assumes, of course, that the number of chromosomes has not changed in chimpanzees by then…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Reporter's Notes: Coping with Ants at Home",
"headTitle": "Reporter’s Notes: Coping with Ants at Home | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-ant-invasion\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/02/4-17_Ants300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Image Credit: Alex Wild.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those of us fighting losing battles against them in our kitchens, ants are just ants. But the species responsible for the majority of those invasions has a name: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/TOOLS/ANTKEY/argentine.html\">Argentine ant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Argentine ants have had amazing success as an invasive species in the US. Their \u003ca href=\"http://biology.ucsd.edu/news/article_051500.html\">West Coast super colony\u003c/a> numbers in the billions and spans from Mexico to Oregon. But aside from invading homes, they’ve had a dramatic effect on native ants and local ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many of us may not think ants are particularly important, ants hold a number of key ecological jobs, as I learned in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-ant-invasion\">this week’s story\u003c/a>. They disperse seeds, aerate soil just like earthworms, and recycle nutrients just like nature’s garbage men (well, garbage women. Worker ants are actually female). For more on ants throughout the world, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/ants-the-invisible-majority2\">check out this QUEST TV story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/07/2010-07-05-quest.mp3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-ant-invasion\">Bay Area Ant Invasion\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Argentine ants are certainly tiny, but thanks to their numbers, they’ve out-competed native ants for resources and attacked their colonies. So, many of the ecological jobs that native ants do are disappearing. Scientist have also documented the \u003ca href=\"http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/science/mclizard.htm\">decline of coastal horned lizards\u003c/a>, which depend on native ants a food source.\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/interactive-map-ants-of-the-bay-area\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"antmap\" width=\"160\" height=\"161\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-12451\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/interactive-map-ants-of-the-bay-area\">Check out an interactive map\u003c/a> of native ants.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizens are helping track Argentine ants and their impact on native ants through a citizen science project, the Bay Area Ant Survey, run by the California Academy of Sciences. You can find more information on how to \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/citizen_science/\">submit ant specimens of your own here\u003c/a>. And for a little more about how they’re collected, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/29/never-used-a-pooter/\">check out this post\u003c/a> by QUEST’s Jessica Neely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their native range in Argentina, these ants aren’t such a nuisance. They don’t form the super colonies that we see in North America. It’s almost a terrible ecological irony: since the ants in the US descended from a small group introduced by humans, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061201110024.htm\">they’re genetically similar\u003c/a>. So, colonies that would normally fight over resources now see each other as relatives. With no ant wars, they’ve put that energy into expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, what can we do when Argentine ants show up in our kitchens?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked the two scientists I interviewed for this story and their answers were pretty fascinating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Cal Academy’s Brian Fisher on \u003cstrong>the use of chemicals\u003c/strong>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, UC Berkeley’s Neil Tsutsui on \u003cstrong>what makes our homes look so good to ants\u003c/strong>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/02/19/reporters-notes-bay-area-ant-invasion/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-ant-invasion\">Listen to the Bay Area Ant Invasion\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.486771 -122.21030\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-ant-invasion\">Bay Area Ant Invasion\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Argentine ants are certainly tiny, but thanks to their numbers, they’ve out-competed native ants for resources and attacked their colonies. So, many of the ecological jobs that native ants do are disappearing. Scientist have also documented the \u003ca href=\"http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/science/mclizard.htm\">decline of coastal horned lizards\u003c/a>, which depend on native ants a food source.\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/interactive-map-ants-of-the-bay-area\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"antmap\" width=\"160\" height=\"161\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-12451\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/antmap1-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/interactive-map-ants-of-the-bay-area\">Check out an interactive map\u003c/a> of native ants.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"order": 9
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
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